1
|
Villa-Villaseñor IM, Herrera-Vargas MA, Yáñez-Rivera B, Uribe MC, Rueda-Jasso RA, Phillips-Farfán BV, Mar-Silva V, Meléndez-Herrera E, Domínguez-Domínguez O. Realistic nitrate concentrations diminish reproductive indicators in Skiffia lermae, an endemic species in critical endangered status. PeerJ 2024; 12:e17876. [PMID: 39267944 PMCID: PMC11391940 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Goodeinae is a subfamily of critically endangered fish native to central Mexico. Populations of Skiffia lermae, a species belonging to this subfamily, have significantly decreased in the past two decades. A previous study showed that S. lermae is sensitive to acute nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-N) exposure, leading to noticeable changes in both behavioral and histopathological bioindicators. The aim herein was to determine the vulnerability of S. lermae to NO3-N exposure at realistic concentrations registered in freshwater ecosystems in central Mexico where the species was historically reported. Offspring of S. lermae were chronically exposed during 60 days to concentrations of 5, 10 and 20 mg NO3-N/L, with 2 mg NO3-N/L used as the reference value (control). Survival rate, feeding behavior, aquatic surface respiration, body growth, scaled mass index, immature red blood cells, as well as histopathological changes in branchial, hepatic and gonadal tissues were evaluated. Additionally, this study analyzed water quality in freshwater ecosystems where S. lermae presently persists. The results showed decreased survival as NO3-N concentration increased, as well as increased feeding latency, aquatic surface respiration and histological damage in the gills and liver. These organs showed differential sex-dependent responses to NO3-N exposure; females were more sensitive than males. In the ovaries, a decreased density of stage III oocytes was associated with increased NO3-N concentrations. No changes were observed in body growth and number of immature red blood cells. Concentrations recorded in the three freshwater ecosystems that S. lermae inhabit were below 2 mg NO3-N/L. Together, the results could explain why the species has disappeared from more contaminated freshwater ecosystems where NO3-N levels exceed 5 mg/L. Moreover, the study warns about the risks of increasing NO3-N concentrations in the current sites where the species lives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ivette Marai Villa-Villaseñor
- Programa Institucional de Doctorado en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Ma Antonia Herrera-Vargas
- Laboratorio de Ecofisiología Animal, Instituto de Investigaciones sobre Recursos Naturales, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Beatriz Yáñez-Rivera
- Unidad Académica Mazatlán, Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mazatlán, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - Mari Carmen Uribe
- Laboratorio de Biología de la Reproducción Animal, Departamento de Biología Comparada, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Rebeca Aneli Rueda-Jasso
- Laboratorio de Biología Acuática, Facultad de Biología, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Bryan V Phillips-Farfán
- Laboratorio de Nutrición Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Valentin Mar-Silva
- Estancia Posdoctoral por México-CONACyT, Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores Unidad Morelia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Esperanza Meléndez-Herrera
- Laboratorio de Ecofisiología Animal, Instituto de Investigaciones sobre Recursos Naturales, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Omar Domínguez-Domínguez
- Laboratorio de Biología Acuática, Facultad de Biología, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yousif NM, Gomaa OM. Screen-printed biosensor based on electro-polymerization of bio-composite for nitrate detection in aqueous media. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2024; 45:2363-2374. [PMID: 36689460 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2023.2172618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Bacillus sp. possessing a periplasmic nitrate reductase was used as a recognition element to develop a nitrate biosensor. The bacteria was embedded within a polyaniline (PANI) electro-conductive matrix via electro-polymerization on miniaturized carbon screen-printed electrodes (SPE) at 100 mV/s and scan rate from -0.35 V to + 1.7 V. Surface medication of SPE was verified via Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The optimal bacterial density was OD600 1.2. To enhance the biosensors performance, Bacillus sp. was (1) grown in riboflavin (RF) inducing media as an endogenous redox mediator and (2) exposed to different gamma radiation doses as a physical method to increase electron transfer. Results show a link between exposing cells to gamma irradiation stress, this was evident by electron spin resonance (ESR) and changes in FTIR spectrum, in addition to the increase in catalase enzyme. The nitrate limit of detection (LOD) was 0.5-25 mg/L for non-irradiated RF induced immobilized cells and LOD was 0.5-75 mg/L nitrate for 2 kGy gamma irradiated cells. The prepared biosensor showed acceptable reproducibility and multiple usages after storage at 4°C over 3 months. Low cost and simple preparation allow the biosensor to be mass-produced as a disposable device. Bacillus sp. and its endogenous redox mediator immobilized within polyaniline are good candidates for the improvement of amperometric biosensors for the quantification of nitrate in aqueous solutions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nashwa M Yousif
- Solid State Physics and Accelerators Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ola M Gomaa
- Radiation Microbiology Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhan Y, Ning B, Sun J, Chang Y. Living in a hypoxic world: A review of the impacts of hypoxia on aquaculture. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 194:115207. [PMID: 37453286 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxia is a harmful result of anthropogenic climate change. With the expansion of global low-oxygen zones (LOZs), many organisms have faced unprecedented challenges affecting their survival and reproduction. Extensive research has indicated that oxygen limitation has drastic effects on aquatic animals, including on their development, morphology, behavior, reproduction, and physiological metabolism. In this review, the global distribution and formation of LOZs were analyzed, and the impacts of hypoxia on aquatic animals and the molecular responses of aquatic animals to hypoxia were then summarized. The commonalities and specificities of the response to hypoxia in aquatic animals in different LOZs were discussed lastly. In general, this review will deepen the knowledge of the impacts of hypoxia on aquaculture and provide more information and research directions for the development of fishery resource protection strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yaoyao Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Bingyu Ning
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Jingxian Sun
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, Liaoning, PR China; College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116029, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Yaqing Chang
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, Liaoning, PR China; College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116029, Liaoning, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wang B, Mao H, Zhao J, Liu Y, Wang Y, Du X. Influences of oxygen and temperature interaction on the antibacterial activity, antioxidant activity, serum biochemical indices, blood indices and growth performance of crucian carp. PeerJ 2023; 11:e14530. [PMID: 36620750 PMCID: PMC9817939 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The well-being of fish used in aquaculture is of great interest. Oxygen and temperature are the main factors affecting the welfare of the crucian carp (carassius); however, there are few studies on the combined effects of these on the species. Therefore, this study investigated the impact of different temperatures (18 °C, 24 °C, 30 °C) and oxygen concentrations (2.1 mgL-1, 5.4 mgL-1, 9.3 mgL-1) on serum antibacterial activity, antioxidant activity, hematological parameters and growth performance of the crucian carp. The results showed that there were greater antibacterial properties under conditions of hypoxia at 18 °C (L18) and hyperoxia at 24 °C (H24). The activities of catalase, glutathione peroxidase and total superoxide dismutase were the highest at 24 °C under hypoxia and hyperoxia. In addition, the contents of glucose and total protein first increased and then decreased with the change of temperature; triglycerides were the lowest at 30 °C. The blood parameters of the carp were within a normal range at 24 °C; however, the growth rate was at its lowest under hypoxia treatment at 30 °C (L30). This study showed that high temperature impairs the antibacterial ability, antioxidant capacity and growth performance of the crucian carp, and high oxygen levels can alleviate these adverse reactions. This research provides a theoretical basis for subsequent aquaculture studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wang
- School of Agricultural Engineering, Jiangsu University, Jiangsu, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Hanping Mao
- School of Agricultural Engineering, Jiangsu University, Jiangsu, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Jian Zhao
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yong Liu
- School of Agricultural Engineering, Jiangsu University, Jiangsu, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yafei Wang
- School of Agricultural Engineering, Jiangsu University, Jiangsu, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Xiaoxue Du
- School of Agricultural Engineering, Jiangsu University, Jiangsu, Zhenjiang, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Villa-Villaseñor IM, Yáñez-Rivera B, Rueda-Jasso RA, Herrera-Vargas MA, Hernández-Morales R, Meléndez-Herrera E, Domínguez-Domínguez O. Differential sensitivity of offspring from four species of goodeine freshwater fish to acute exposure to nitrates. Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.1014814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-N) pollution related to anthropogenic activities is increasing in freshwater ecosystems. Knowledge about NO3-N sensitivity in freshwater wild fish is needed to understand the differential tolerance between species. Goodeinae is a subfamily of 41 endemic fishes that inhabit central Mexico, with 33 species in the IUCN red list and three extinct. Distributional patterns suggest tolerant and sensitive goodeines related to the conservation gradient of freshwater ecosystems. Four species with a differential distribution and tolerance were selected to evaluate their physiological responses to NO3-N. Fish were exposed to different NO3-N concentrations for 96 h and the median lethal concentration (LC50) was determined. Swimming disorders plus gill and liver histopathological indexes were estimated and incorporated into an Integrated Biomarker Response (IBR) for each species. Skiffia lermae (LC50 = 474.332 mg/L) and Xenotoca variata (LC50 = 520.273 mg/L) were more sensitive than Goodea atripinnis (LC50 = 953.049 mg/L) and Alloophorus robustus (LC50 = 1537.13 mg/L). The typical histological damage produced by NaNO3-N exposure was fusion of secondary lamellae in gills. This was present in all species and cellular degeneration was observed at the highest concentrations. Secondary lamellae aneurysms were only observed in G. atripinnis. Liver alterations included vascular dilation in hepatic sinusoids, hyperemia and nuclear hypertrophy; higher concentrations produced hepatocyte cytoplasmic vacuolation and reduced frequency of cell nuclei. Behavioral and histopathological alterations could explain the differential species sensitivity. The results suggest that species which preserve gill function and transfer the task of detoxification to the liver might have the best chance of surviving in polluted environments. Moreover, species previously considered as tolerant may be highly susceptible to NaNO3-N exposure. Therefore, it is necessary to closely monitor NaNO3-N concentrations in freshwater ecosystems and, if possible, reduce their levels to avoid the loss of wild populations.
Collapse
|
6
|
Gomez Isaza DF, Rodgers EM. Exercise training does not affect heat tolerance in Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha). Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2022; 270:111229. [PMID: 35500866 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2022.111229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The progression of climate warming will expose ectotherms to transient heatwave events and temperatures above their tolerance range at increased frequencies. It is therefore pivotal that we understand species' physiological limits and the capacity for various controls to plastically alter these thresholds. Exercise training could have beneficial impacts on organismal heat tolerance through improvements in cardio-respiratory capacity, but this remains unexplored. Using juvenile Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha), we tested the hypothesis that exercise training improves heat tolerance through enhancements in oxygen-carrying capacity. Fish were trained once daily at 60% of their maximum sustainable swim speed, UCRIT, for 60 min. Tolerance to acute warming was assessed following three weeks of exercise training, measured as the critical thermal maximum (CTMAX). CTMAX measurements were coupled with examinations of the oxygen carrying capacity (haematocrit, haemoglobin concentration, relative ventricle size, and relative splenic mass) as critical components of the oxygen transport cascade in fish. Contrary to our hypothesis, we found that exercise training did not raise the CTMAX of juvenile Chinook salmon with a mean CTMAX increase of just 0.35 °C compared to unexercised control fish. Training also failed to improve the oxygen carrying capacity of fish. Exercise training remains a novel strategy against acute warming that requires substantial fine-tuning before it can be applied to the management of commercial and wild fishes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel F Gomez Isaza
- Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia 6150, Australia. https://twitter.com/@_danielgomez94
| | - Essie M Rodgers
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ruthsatz K, Bartels F, Stützer D, Eterovick PC. Timing of parental breeding shapes sensitivity to nitrate pollution in the common frog Rana temporaria. J Therm Biol 2022; 108:103296. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2022.103296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
8
|
Gomez Isaza DF, Cramp RL, Franklin CE. Fire and rain: A systematic review of the impacts of wildfire and associated runoff on aquatic fauna. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2022; 28:2578-2595. [PMID: 35038772 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Climate and land-use changes are expected to increase the future occurrence of wildfires, with potentially devastating consequences for freshwater species and ecosystems. Wildfires that burn in close proximity to freshwater systems can significantly alter the physicochemical properties of water. Following wildfires and heavy rain, freshwater species must contend with complex combinations of wildfire ash components (nutrients, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and metals), altered light and thermal regimes, and periods of low oxygen that together can lead to mass mortality events. However, the responses of aquatic fauna to wildfire disturbances are poorly understood. Here we provide a systematic review of available evidence on how aquatic animals respond to and recover from wildfire disturbance. Two databases (Web of Science and Scopus) were used to identify key literature. A total of 83 studies from across 11 countries were identified to have assessed the risk of wildfires on aquatic animals. We provide a summary of the main ecosystem-level changes associated with wildfires and the main responses of aquatic fauna to such disturbances. We pay special focus to physiological tools and biomarkers used to assess how wildfires impact aquatic animals. We conclude by providing an overview of how physiological biomarkers can further our understanding of wildfire-related impacts on aquatic fauna, and how different physiological tools can be incorporated into management and conservation plans and serve as early warning signs of wildfire disturbances.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Rebecca L Cramp
- The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Craig E Franklin
- The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
The SHAPE Project: An Innovative Approach to Understanding Seasonal and Diel Dissolved Oxygen Dynamics in the Marano and Grado Lagoon (Adriatic Sea) under the WFD/2000/60/CE. JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/jmse10020208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Dissolved oxygen (DO) is a key element for the survival of marine organisms and is a supporting element in the current Water Framework Directive (WFD). DO deficiency is a common event that occurs in coastal environments such as estuaries and lagoons, but a long-term DO database that helps detect daily and seasonal oscillations is difficult to obtain with commonly used sampling and analytical procedures. In this work, a network of multi-parametric probes was deployed in the Marano and Grado Lagoon (northern Adriatic Sea, Italy) in order to obtain a dataset from the continuous monitoring of DO and complementary parameters. DO showed a high degree of variability both in terms of spatial and seasonal distribution and was dependent on solar radiation and water temperature. During the summer and in areas characterised by scarce water renewal, DO was below the threshold set as the minimum requirement for aquatic life, thus some water bodies (WBs) were classified as moderate sensu WFD. The inputs of freshwater discharge from inland and marine waters during tides are, however, able to well oxygenate most of the lagoon. These results will be useful in supporting the management and protection of this vulnerable environment.
Collapse
|
10
|
Li L, Tan L, Yang W, Xu X, Shen Y, Li J. Conjoint applications of meta-analysis and bioinformatic data toward understanding the effect of nitrate on fish. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 794:148645. [PMID: 34198083 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The extensively accumulation of nitrate in different water resources is currently regarded as one of the most predominant threats facing aquatic organisms on worldwide scale. In recent years, a growing body of evidences have been attempting to uncover the influences of nitrate on fish growth and health, thereby evaluating its environment security. However, the systematic assessment and intrinsic mechanism of such influences are apparently devoid. Hence, this investigation employed systematic analysis, meta-analysis and bioinformatic analysis to evaluate the nitrate biotoxicity. We first speculated two levels of nitrate concentration according to forty-four published bibliographies. Systematic analysis indicated that the broad variations of fish sensitivity to chronic and acute nitrate exposures were found in juvenile and larval stage, respectively, comparing to egg. Meta-analysis further revealed that survival rate, CF and SGR were significantly improved in low nitrate concentration during chronic exposure. Such improvements were reflected by Total mean differences (TMD) and 95% CIs (Confidence Intervals): Survival rate (-4.06 [-7.67, -0.45]), Fulton's condition factor (CF) (-0.03 [-0.03, -0.02]) and Specific growth rate (SGR) (-0.10 [-0.16, -0.04]). To trace the impact, the alternations of molecular expression and histology in brain, gill, liver, intestine, and blood suggested that the chronic and acute nitrate exposures could result in abnormal tissue structures and molecular dynamics. Moreover, omics analysis via integrating intestinal microbiome (microbial composition; %) and liver transcriptome (Gene Ontology: biological processes) revealed that the low concentration exposure induced a weakly immune response in fish liver and it matched to the intestinal immune response. Overall, current study has filled the gaps in the field of nitrate toxicity. It could also provide a novel insight for the evaluation of pollutant toxicity on aquatic species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisen Li
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Ling Tan
- Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Province for Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Weining Yang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Xiaoyan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Yubang Shen
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.
| | - Jiale Li
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Monteiro DA, Kalinin AL, Rantin FT, McKenzie DJ. Use of complex physiological traits as ecotoxicological biomarkers in tropical freshwater fishes. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY. PART A, ECOLOGICAL AND INTEGRATIVE PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 335:745-760. [PMID: 34529366 DOI: 10.1002/jez.2540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We review the use of complex physiological traits, of tolerance and performance, as biomarkers of the toxicological effects of contaminants in subtropical and tropical freshwater fishes. Such traits are growing in relevance due to climate change, as exposure to contaminants may influence the capacity of fishes to tolerate and perform in an increasingly stressful environment. We review the evidence that the critical oxygen level, a measure of hypoxia tolerance, provides a valuable biomarker of impacts of diverse classes of contaminants. When coupled with measures of cardiorespiratory variables, it can provide insight into mechanisms of toxicity. The critical thermal maximum, a simple measure of tolerance of acute warming, also provides a valuable biomarker despite a lack of understanding of its mechanistic basis. Its relative ease of application renders it useful in the rapid evaluation of multiple species, and in understanding how the severity of contaminant impacts depends upon prevailing environmental temperature. The critical swimming speed is a measure of exercise performance that is widely used as a biomarker in temperate species but very few studies have been performed on subtropical or tropical fishes. Overall, the review serves to highlight a critical lack of knowledge for subtropical and tropical freshwater fishes. There is a real need to expand the knowledge base and to use physiological biomarkers in support of decision making to manage tropical freshwater fish populations and their habitats, which sustain rich biodiversity but are under relentless anthropogenic pressure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diana A Monteiro
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana L Kalinin
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - F Tadeu Rantin
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - David J McKenzie
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
- UMR Marbec, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, Montpellier, France
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Rodgers EM. Adding climate change to the mix: responses of aquatic ectotherms to the combined effects of eutrophication and warming. Biol Lett 2021; 17:20210442. [PMID: 34699738 PMCID: PMC8548078 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2021.0442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The threat of excessive nutrient enrichment, or eutrophication, is intensifying across the globe as climate change progresses, presenting a major management challenge. Alterations in precipitation patterns and increases in temperature are increasing nutrient loadings in aquatic habitats and creating conditions that promote the proliferation of cyanobacterial blooms. The exacerbating effects of climate warming on eutrophication are well established, but we lack an in-depth understanding of how aquatic ectotherms respond to eutrophication and warming in tandem. Here, I provide a brief overview and critique of studies exploring the cumulative impacts of eutrophication and warming on aquatic ectotherms, and provide forward direction using mechanistically focused, multi-threat experiments to disentangle complex interactions. Evidence to date suggests that rapid warming will exacerbate the negative effects of eutrophication on aquatic ectotherms, but gradual warming will induce physiological remodelling that provides protection against nutrients and hypoxia. Moving forward, research will benefit from a greater focus on unveiling cause and effect mechanisms behind interactions and designing treatments that better mimic threat dynamics in nature. This approach will enable robust predictions of species responses to ongoing eutrophication and climate warming and enable the integration of climate warming into eutrophication management policies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Essie M. Rodgers
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|