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Suleiman AA, Parsi A, Razeghi M, Başçı U, Oh S, Pehlivanoğlu D, Jeong HY, Kang K, Kasırga TS. Ion transport induced room-temperature insulator-metal transition in single-crystalline Cu 2Se. NANOSCALE HORIZONS 2024; 9:1137-1145. [PMID: 38764332 DOI: 10.1039/d4nh00003j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Cu2Se is a superionic conductor above 414 K, with ionic conductivities reaching that of molten salts. The superionic behavior results from hopping Cu ions between different crystallographic sites within the Se scaffold. However, the properties of Cu2Se below 414 K are far less known due to experimental limitations imposed by the bulk or polycrystalline samples that have been available so far. Here, we report the synthesis of ultra-thin, large-area single crystalline Cu2Se samples using a chemical vapor deposition method. The as-synthesized Cu2Se crystals exhibit optically and electrically detectable and controllable robust phases at room temperature and above. We demonstrate that Cu ion vacancies can be manipulated to induce an insulator-metal transition, which exhibits 6 orders of magnitude change in the electrical resistance of two terminal devices, accompanied by an optical change in the phase configuration. Our experiments show that the high mobility of the liquid-like Cu ion vacancies in Cu2Se causes macroscopic ordering in the Cu vacancies. Consequently, phase distribution over the crystals is not dictated by the diffusive motion of the ions but by the local energy minima formed due to the phase transition. As a result, long-range vacancy ordering of the crystal below 414 K becomes optically observable at a micrometer scale. This work demonstrates that Cu2Se could be a prototypical system where long-range ordering properties can be studied via electrical and optical methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulsalam Aji Suleiman
- Bilkent University UNAM - Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Ankara, 06800, Turkey.
| | - Amir Parsi
- Bilkent University UNAM - Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Ankara, 06800, Turkey.
| | - Mohammadali Razeghi
- Bilkent University UNAM - Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Ankara, 06800, Turkey.
| | - Uğur Başçı
- Department of Physics, Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - Saeyoung Oh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Hu Young Jeong
- Graduate School of Semiconductor Materials and Devices Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Kibum Kang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - T Serkan Kasırga
- Bilkent University UNAM - Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Ankara, 06800, Turkey.
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Abstract
Superionic conductors are prime candidates for the electrolytes of all-solid-state batteries. Our understanding of the mechanism and performance of superionic conductors is largely based on their idealized lattice structures. But how do defects in the lattice affect ionic structure and transport in these materials? This is a question answered here by in situ transmission electron microscopy of copper selenide, a classic superionic conductor. Nanowires of copper selenide exhibit antiphase boundaries which are a form of a planar defect. We examine the lattice structure around an antiphase boundary and monitor with atomic resolution how this structure evolves in an ordered-to-superionic phase transition. Antiphase boundaries are found to act as barriers to the propagation of the superionic phase. Antiphase boundaries also undergo spatial diffusion and shape changes resulting from thermally activated fluctuations of the neighboring ionic structure. These spatiotemporal insights highlight the importance of collective ionic transport and the role of defects in superionic conduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaeyoung Heo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Ki-Hyun Cho
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Prashant K Jain
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Materials Research Lab, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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3
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Lu R, Olvera A, Bailey TP, Uher C, Poudeu PFP. Nanoscale Engineering of Polymorphism in Cu 2Se-Based Composites. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:31601-31611. [PMID: 32558534 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c06968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Crystal polymorphism selection during synthesis is extremely challenging. However, promoting the formation of a specific metastable polymorph enables modulation of the functional properties of phase-change materials through alteration of the relative abundance of various polymorphs. Here, we demonstrate the stabilization of the superionic β-Cu2Se phase under ambient conditions and the direct control over the relative ratio between the α-Cu2Se and β-Cu2Se polymorphs in (x)CuGaSe2/(1-x)Cu2Se composites using CuGaSe2 nanoseeds. We found that the small lattice mismatch between β-Cu2Se (cubic) and the ab plane of tetragonal CuGaSe2 nanoseeds promotes the formation of low-energy coherent CuGaSe2/β-Cu2Se interfaces, leading to preferential stabilization of β-Cu2Se. Astonishingly, the hierarchical microstructure of the resulting composites enables a remarkable decoupling of charge and heat transport, which is manifested by a breakdown of the Wiedemann-Franz law.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiming Lu
- Laboratory for Emerging Energy and Electronic Materials (LE3M), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Alan Olvera
- Laboratory for Emerging Energy and Electronic Materials (LE3M), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Trevor P Bailey
- Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Ctirad Uher
- Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Pierre F P Poudeu
- Laboratory for Emerging Energy and Electronic Materials (LE3M), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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4
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Lu P, Qiu W, Wei Y, Zhu C, Shi X, Chen L, Xu F. The order-disorder transition in Cu 2Se and medium-range ordering in the high-temperature phase. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION B, STRUCTURAL SCIENCE, CRYSTAL ENGINEERING AND MATERIALS 2020; 76:201-207. [PMID: 32831222 DOI: 10.1107/s2052520620002164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The high thermoelectric performance of cuprous selenide (Cu2Se) arises from its specific structures consisting of two independent sublattices, i.e. the rigid face-centered cubic (f.c.c.) Se sublattice and the flexible Cu sublattice showing a variety of ordered configurations at numerous interstitial sites. Upon increasing the temperature, the Cu sublattice undergoes an order-to-disorder transition but the details of the structural evolution have not been fully elucidated. Here, in situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is used to investigate the thermally induced structural changes of Cu2Se in both real and reciprocal spaces. Order-disorder transition was found to proceed in nanoblocks accompanied by the structural fluctuations between low-temperature and high-temperature phases. Electron diffraction revealed the emergence of medium-range ordering of Cu atoms in the high-temperature f.c.c. phase. By referring to the Coulomb interaction evaluations, the superstructures for the medium-range ordering were constructed. Such medium-range atomic ordering was sustained over a wide temperature range (from the phase transition temperature to over 800 K in the TEM) but gradually changed to short-range ordering as indicated by the appearance of diffuse scattering rings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Lu
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructures, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), 1295 Dingxi Road, Shanghai, 200050, People's Republic of China
| | - Wujie Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructures, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), 1295 Dingxi Road, Shanghai, 200050, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuyu Wei
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenxi Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructures, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), 1295 Dingxi Road, Shanghai, 200050, People's Republic of China
| | - Xun Shi
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructures, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), 1295 Dingxi Road, Shanghai, 200050, People's Republic of China
| | - Lidong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructures, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), 1295 Dingxi Road, Shanghai, 200050, People's Republic of China
| | - Fangfang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructures, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), 1295 Dingxi Road, Shanghai, 200050, People's Republic of China
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5
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Roth N, Iversen BB. Solving the disordered structure of β-Cu 2-xSe using the three-dimensional difference pair distribution function. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA A-FOUNDATION AND ADVANCES 2019; 75:465-473. [PMID: 31041902 DOI: 10.1107/s2053273319004820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
High-performing thermoelectric materials such as Zn4Sb3 and clathrates have atomic disorder as the root to their favorable properties. This makes it extremely difficult to understand and model their properties at a quantitative level, and thus effective structure-property relations are challenging to obtain. Cu2-xSe is an intensely studied, cheap and non-toxic high performance thermoelectric, which exhibits highly peculiar transport properties, especially near the β-to-α phase transition around 400 K, which must be related to the detailed nature of the crystal structure. Attempts to solve the crystal structure of the low-temperature phase, β-Cu2-xSe, have been unsuccessful since 1936. So far, all studies have assumed that β-Cu2-xSe has a three-dimensional periodic structure, but here we show that the structure is ordered only in two dimensions while it is disordered in the third dimension. Using the three-dimensional difference pair distribution function (3D-ΔPDF) analysis method for diffuse single-crystal X-ray scattering, the structure of the ordered layer is solved and it is shown that there are two modes of stacking disorder present which give rise to an average structure with higher symmetry. The present approach allows for a direct solution of structures with disorder in some dimensions and order in others, and can be thought of as a generalization of the crystallographic Patterson method. The local and extended structure of a solid determines its properties and Cu2-xSe represents an example of a high-performing thermoelectric material where the local atomic structure differs significantly from the average periodic structure observed from Bragg crystallography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaj Roth
- Center for Materials Crystallography, Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Aarhus 8000, Denmark
| | - Bo B Iversen
- Center for Materials Crystallography, Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Aarhus 8000, Denmark
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6
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In-situ electron microscopy mapping of an order-disorder transition in a superionic conductor. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1505. [PMID: 30944324 PMCID: PMC6447557 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09502-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Solid-solid phase transitions are processes ripe for the discovery of correlated atomic motion in crystals. Here, we monitor an order-disorder transition in real-time in nanoparticles of the super-ionic solid, Cu2-xSe. The use of in-situ high-resolution transmission electron microscopy allows the spatiotemporal evolution of the phase transition within a single nanoparticle to be monitored at the atomic level. The high spatial resolution reveals that cation disorder is nucleated at low co-ordination, high energy sites of the nanoparticle where cationic vacancy layers intersect with surface facets. Time-dependent evolution of the reciprocal lattice of individual nanoparticles shows that the initiation of cation disorder is accompanied by a ~3% compression of the anionic lattice, establishing a correlation between these two structural features of the lattice. The spatiotemporal insights gained here advance understanding of order-disorder transitions, ionic structure and transport, and the role of nanoparticle surfaces in phase transitions.
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7
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Dalgaard KJ, Eikeland EZ, Sist M, Iversen BB. Maximum Entropy Method Visualization of Disorder and Ion Migration in Thermoelectric Cu2-δSe. ADVANCED THEORY AND SIMULATIONS 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/adts.201800068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kirstine J. Dalgaard
- Center for Materials Crystallography; Department of Chemistry and iNANO; Aaarhus University; DK-8000 Aarhus C Denmark
| | - Espen Z. Eikeland
- Center for Materials Crystallography; Department of Chemistry and iNANO; Aaarhus University; DK-8000 Aarhus C Denmark
| | - Mattia Sist
- Center for Materials Crystallography; Department of Chemistry and iNANO; Aaarhus University; DK-8000 Aarhus C Denmark
| | - Bo B. Iversen
- Center for Materials Crystallography; Department of Chemistry and iNANO; Aaarhus University; DK-8000 Aarhus C Denmark
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8
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Banerjee P, Jain PK. Lithiation of Copper Selenide Nanocrystals. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:9315-9319. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201803358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Progna Banerjee
- Department of Physics University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana IL 61801 USA
| | - Prashant K. Jain
- Department of Physics University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana IL 61801 USA
- Department of Chemistry University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 600 Matthews Ave Urbana IL 61801 USA
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10
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Dumett Torres D, Jain PK. Strain Stabilization of Superionicity in Copper and Lithium Selenides. J Phys Chem Lett 2018; 9:1200-1205. [PMID: 29461839 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b00236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Superionic (SI) phases have utility as solid electrolytes for next generation battery technology, but these phases are typically not stable at room temperature. Our density functional theory calculations demonstrate that compressive lattice strain can stabilize SI phases of Cu2Se and Li2Se, two potential solid electrolytes. Electronic and bonding insights into this effect are obtained. In the ordered, non-SI phase, cations are localized primarily in tetrahedral (T) interstices with little access to the higher-energy octahedral (O) sites, but 1-2% compressive strain promotes attractive stabilization of the O cations with 6-fold coordination to Se anions, at the expense of the stability of 4-fold-coordinated T cations. In such compressed lattices, cations can access both T and O sites, resulting in a cation-disordered, SI phase. Thus, lattice strain is demonstrated as a handle for controlling ionic structure and transport and accomplishing ambient temperature superionicity.
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11
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Eikeland E, Blichfeld AB, Borup KA, Zhao K, Overgaard J, Shi X, Chen L, Iversen BB. Crystal structure across the β to α phase transition in thermoelectric Cu 2-x Se. IUCRJ 2017; 4:476-485. [PMID: 28875034 PMCID: PMC5571810 DOI: 10.1107/s2052252517005553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The crystal structure uniquely imparts the specific properties of a material, and thus provides the starting point for any quantitative understanding of thermoelectric properties. Cu2-x Se is an intensely studied high performing, non-toxic and cheap thermoelectric material, and here for the first time, the average structure of β-Cu2-x Se is reported based on analysis of multi-temperature single-crystal X-ray diffraction data. It consists of Se-Cu layers with additional copper between every alternate layer. The structural changes during the peculiar zT enhancing phase transition mainly consist of changes in the inter-layer distance coupled with subtle Cu migration. Just prior to the transition the structure exhibits strong negative thermal expansion due to the reordering of Cu atoms, when approached from low temperatures. The phase transition is fully reversible and group-subgroup symmetry relations are derived that relate the low-temperature β-phase to the high-temperature α-phase. Weak superstructure reflections are observed and a possible Cu ordering is proposed. The structural rearrangement may have a significant impact on the band structure and the Cu rearrangement may also be linked to an entropy increase. Both factors potentially contribute to the extraordinary zT enhancement across the phase transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Espen Eikeland
- Center for Materials Crystallography, Department of Chemistry and Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, Aarhus 8000-DK, Denmark
| | - Anders B. Blichfeld
- Center for Materials Crystallography, Department of Chemistry and Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, Aarhus 8000-DK, Denmark
| | - Kasper A. Borup
- Center for Materials Crystallography, Department of Chemistry and Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, Aarhus 8000-DK, Denmark
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver W Pkwy, Golden, CO 80401, USA
| | - Kunpeng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1295 Dingxi Road, Shanghai 200050, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jacob Overgaard
- Center for Materials Crystallography, Department of Chemistry and Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, Aarhus 8000-DK, Denmark
| | - Xun Shi
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1295 Dingxi Road, Shanghai 200050, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lidong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1295 Dingxi Road, Shanghai 200050, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bo B. Iversen
- Center for Materials Crystallography, Department of Chemistry and Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, Aarhus 8000-DK, Denmark
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12
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Namsani S, Gahtori B, Auluck S, Singh JK. An interaction potential to study the thermal structure evolution of a thermoelectric material: β-Cu2
Se. J Comput Chem 2017; 38:2161-2170. [DOI: 10.1002/jcc.24865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Revised: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sadanandam Namsani
- Department of chemical engineering; Indian Institute of technology Kanpur; Kanpur 208016 India
| | - Bhasker Gahtori
- Materials Physics and Engineering Division, CSIR-National Physical Laboratory; CSIR-Network of Institutes for Solar Energy; Dr. K. S. Krishnan Road New Delhi 110012 India
| | - Sushil Auluck
- Materials Physics and Engineering Division, CSIR-National Physical Laboratory; CSIR-Network of Institutes for Solar Energy; Dr. K. S. Krishnan Road New Delhi 110012 India
| | - Jayant K. Singh
- Department of chemical engineering; Indian Institute of technology Kanpur; Kanpur 208016 India
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13
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Coughlan C, Ibáñez M, Dobrozhan O, Singh A, Cabot A, Ryan KM. Compound Copper Chalcogenide Nanocrystals. Chem Rev 2017; 117:5865-6109. [PMID: 28394585 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 327] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This review captures the synthesis, assembly, properties, and applications of copper chalcogenide NCs, which have achieved significant research interest in the last decade due to their compositional and structural versatility. The outstanding functional properties of these materials stems from the relationship between their band structure and defect concentration, including charge carrier concentration and electronic conductivity character, which consequently affects their optoelectronic, optical, and plasmonic properties. This, combined with several metastable crystal phases and stoichiometries and the low energy of formation of defects, makes the reproducible synthesis of these materials, with tunable parameters, remarkable. Further to this, the review captures the progress of the hierarchical assembly of these NCs, which bridges the link between their discrete and collective properties. Their ubiquitous application set has cross-cut energy conversion (photovoltaics, photocatalysis, thermoelectrics), energy storage (lithium-ion batteries, hydrogen generation), emissive materials (plasmonics, LEDs, biolabelling), sensors (electrochemical, biochemical), biomedical devices (magnetic resonance imaging, X-ray computer tomography), and medical therapies (photochemothermal therapies, immunotherapy, radiotherapy, and drug delivery). The confluence of advances in the synthesis, assembly, and application of these NCs in the past decade has the potential to significantly impact society, both economically and environmentally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Coughlan
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Bernal Institute, University of Limerick , Limerick, Ireland
| | - Maria Ibáñez
- Catalonia Energy Research Institute - IREC, Sant Adria de Besos , Jardins de les Dones de Negre n.1, Pl. 2, 08930 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Oleksandr Dobrozhan
- Catalonia Energy Research Institute - IREC, Sant Adria de Besos , Jardins de les Dones de Negre n.1, Pl. 2, 08930 Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Electronics and Computing, Sumy State University , 2 Rymskogo-Korsakova st., 40007 Sumy, Ukraine
| | - Ajay Singh
- Materials Physics & Applications Division: Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory , Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Andreu Cabot
- Catalonia Energy Research Institute - IREC, Sant Adria de Besos , Jardins de les Dones de Negre n.1, Pl. 2, 08930 Barcelona, Spain.,ICREA, Pg. Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Kevin M Ryan
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Bernal Institute, University of Limerick , Limerick, Ireland
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White SL, Banerjee P, Jain PK. Liquid-like cationic sub-lattice in copper selenide clusters. Nat Commun 2017; 8:14514. [PMID: 28216615 PMCID: PMC5321727 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms14514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Super-ionic solids, which exhibit ion mobilities as high as those in liquids or molten salts, have been employed as solid-state electrolytes in batteries, improved thermoelectrics and fast-ion conductors in super-capacitors and fuel cells. Fast-ion transport in many of these solids is supported by a disordered, 'liquid-like' sub-lattice of cations mobile within a rigid anionic sub-lattice, often achieved at high temperatures or pressures via a phase transition. Here we show that ultrasmall clusters of copper selenide exhibit a disordered cationic sub-lattice under ambient conditions unlike larger nanocrystals, where Cu+ ions and vacancies form an ordered super-structure similar to the bulk solid. The clusters exhibit an unusual cationic sub-lattice arrangement wherein octahedral sites, which serve as bridges for cation migration, are stabilized by compressive strain. The room-temperature liquid-like nature of the Cu+ sub-lattice combined with the actively tunable plasmonic properties of the Cu2Se clusters make them suitable as fast electro-optic switches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah L White
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CLSL A, 601 South Goodwin Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Progna Banerjee
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Loomis Laboratory, 1110 West Green Street, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Prashant K Jain
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CLSL A, 601 South Goodwin Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA.,Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Loomis Laboratory, 1110 West Green Street, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
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15
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Wu Y, Korolkov I, Qiao X, Zhang X, Wan J, Fan X. Facile synthesis of CuSe nanoparticles and high-quality single-crystal two-dimensional hexagonal nanoplatelets with tunable near-infrared optical absorption. J SOLID STATE CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2016.03.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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16
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Li J, Jiang L, Wang B, Liu F, Yang J, Tang D, Lai Y, Li J. Electrodeposition and characterization of copper bismuth selenide semiconductor thin films. Electrochim Acta 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2012.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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17
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Liu H, Shi X, Xu F, Zhang L, Zhang W, Chen L, Li Q, Uher C, Day T, Snyder GJ. Copper ion liquid-like thermoelectrics. NATURE MATERIALS 2012; 11:422-5. [PMID: 22406814 DOI: 10.1038/nmat3273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 560] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2011] [Accepted: 02/08/2012] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Advanced thermoelectric technology offers a potential for converting waste industrial heat into useful electricity, and an emission-free method for solid state cooling. Worldwide efforts to find materials with thermoelectric figure of merit, zT values significantly above unity, are frequently focused on crystalline semiconductors with low thermal conductivity. Here we report on Cu(2-x)Se, which reaches a zT of 1.5 at 1,000 K, among the highest values for any bulk materials. Whereas the Se atoms in Cu(2-x)Se form a rigid face-centred cubic lattice, providing a crystalline pathway for semiconducting electrons (or more precisely holes), the copper ions are highly disordered around the Se sublattice and are superionic with liquid-like mobility. This extraordinary 'liquid-like' behaviour of copper ions around a crystalline sublattice of Se in Cu(2-x)Se results in an intrinsically very low lattice thermal conductivity which enables high zT in this otherwise simple semiconductor. This unusual combination of properties leads to an ideal thermoelectric material. The results indicate a new strategy and direction for high-efficiency thermoelectric materials by exploring systems where there exists a crystalline sublattice for electronic conduction surrounded by liquid-like ions.
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Fuhr O, Fernandez-Recio L, Castiñeiras A, Fenske D. Synthese und Struktur der Cluster [Cu50Se24(S-thiaz)2(dppm)10] und [Cu48Se24(S-thiazH)2(dppm)10]. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.200600359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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19
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20
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Novel Electroless Deposition of Cu3Se2 Film on Silicon Substrate by a Simple Galvanic Displacement Process. RUSS J ELECTROCHEM+ 2005. [DOI: 10.1007/s11175-005-0209-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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