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Chen J, Wang C, Li H, Xu X, Yang J, Huo Z, Wang L, Zhang W, Xiao X, Ma Y. Recent Advances in Surface Modifications of Elemental Two-Dimensional Materials: Structures, Properties, and Applications. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 28:molecules28010200. [PMID: 36615394 PMCID: PMC9822514 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The advent of graphene opens up the research into two-dimensional (2D) materials, which are considered revolutionary materials. Due to its unique geometric structure, graphene exhibits a series of exotic physical and chemical properties. In addition, single-element-based 2D materials (Xenes) have garnered tremendous interest. At present, 16 kinds of Xenes (silicene, borophene, germanene, phosphorene, tellurene, etc.) have been explored, mainly distributed in the third, fourth, fifth, and sixth main groups. The current methods to prepare monolayers or few-layer 2D materials include epitaxy growth, mechanical exfoliation, and liquid phase exfoliation. Although two Xenes (aluminene and indiene) have not been synthesized due to the limitations of synthetic methods and the stability of Xenes, other Xenes have been successfully created via elaborate artificial design and synthesis. Focusing on elemental 2D materials, this review mainly summarizes the recently reported work about tuning the electronic, optical, mechanical, and chemical properties of Xenes via surface modifications, achieved using controllable approaches (doping, adsorption, strain, intercalation, phase transition, etc.) to broaden their applications in various fields, including spintronics, electronics, optoelectronics, superconducting, photovoltaics, sensors, catalysis, and biomedicines. These advances in the surface modification of Xenes have laid a theoretical and experimental foundation for the development of 2D materials and their practical applications in diverse fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junbo Chen
- Key Laboratory of Quantum Matt Science, Henan Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Materials, Henan University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Chenhui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Quantum Matt Science, Henan Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Materials, Henan University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Hao Li
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Xin Xu
- State Key Lab of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Jiangang Yang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Zhe Huo
- Key Laboratory of Quantum Matt Science, Henan Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Materials, Henan University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Lixia Wang
- Key Laboratory of Quantum Matt Science, Henan Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Materials, Henan University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Weifeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Quantum Matt Science, Henan Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Materials, Henan University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- Correspondence: (W.Z.); (X.X.); (Y.M.)
| | - Xudong Xiao
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
- Correspondence: (W.Z.); (X.X.); (Y.M.)
| | - Yaping Ma
- Key Laboratory of Quantum Matt Science, Henan Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Materials, Henan University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- Correspondence: (W.Z.); (X.X.); (Y.M.)
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Villasana-Mercado P, Rojas-Briseño JG, Molina-Valdovinos S, Rodríguez-Vargas I. Tunneling magnetoresistance and spin-valley polarization of aperiodic magnetic silicene superlattices. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2022; 35:085302. [PMID: 36540932 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/acaae2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic silicene superlattices (MSSLs) are versatile structures with spin-valley polarization and tunneling magnetoresistance (TMR) capabilities. However, the oscillating transport properties related to the superlattice periodicity impede stable spin-valley polarization states reachable by reversing the magnetization direction. Here, we show that aperiodicity can be used to improve the spin-valley polarization and TMR by reducing the characteristic conductance oscillations of periodic MSSLs (P-MSSLs). Using the Landauer-Büttiker formalism and the transfer matrix method, we investigate the spin-valley polarization and the TMR of Fibonacci (F-) and Thue-Morse (TM-) MSSLs as typical aperiodic superlattices. Our findings indicate that aperiodic superlattices with higher disorder provide better spin-valley polarization and TMR values. In particular, TM-MSSLs reduce considerably the conductance oscillations giving rise to two well-defined spin-valley polarization states and a better TMR than F- and P-MSSLs. F-MSSLs also improve the spin-valley polarization and TMR, however they depend strongly on the parity of the superlattice generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Villasana-Mercado
- Unidad Académica de Ciencia y Tecnología de la Luz y la Materia, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Circuto Marie Curie S/N, Parque de Ciencia y Tecnología QUANTUM Ciudad del Conocimiento, 98160 Zacatecas, Zacatecas, Mexico
| | - J G Rojas-Briseño
- Unidad Académica de Ciencia y Tecnología de la Luz y la Materia, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Circuto Marie Curie S/N, Parque de Ciencia y Tecnología QUANTUM Ciudad del Conocimiento, 98160 Zacatecas, Zacatecas, Mexico
| | - S Molina-Valdovinos
- Unidad Académica de Ciencia y Tecnología de la Luz y la Materia, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Circuto Marie Curie S/N, Parque de Ciencia y Tecnología QUANTUM Ciudad del Conocimiento, 98160 Zacatecas, Zacatecas, Mexico
| | - I Rodríguez-Vargas
- Unidad Académica de Ciencia y Tecnología de la Luz y la Materia, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Circuto Marie Curie S/N, Parque de Ciencia y Tecnología QUANTUM Ciudad del Conocimiento, 98160 Zacatecas, Zacatecas, Mexico
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Liu HY, Lin SY, Wu JY. Stacking-configuration-enriched essential properties of bilayer graphenes and silicenes. J Chem Phys 2020; 153:154707. [PMID: 33092355 DOI: 10.1063/5.0024421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
First-principles calculations show that the geometric and electronic properties of silicene-related systems have diversified phenomena. Critical factors of group-IV monoelements, like buckled/planar structures, stacking configurations, layer numbers, and van der Waals interactions of bilayer composites, are considered simultaneously. The theoretical framework developed provides a concise physical and chemical picture. Delicate evaluations and analyses have been made on the optimal lattices, energy bands, and orbital-projected van Hove singularities. They provide decisive mechanisms, such as buckled/planar honeycomb lattices, multi-/single-orbital hybridizations, and significant/negligible spin-orbital couplings. We investigate the stacking-configuration-induced dramatic transformations of essential properties by relative shift in bilayer graphenes and silicenes. The lattice constant, interlayer distance, buckling height, and total energy essentially depend on the magnitude and direction of the relative shift: AA → AB → AA' → AA. Apparently, sliding bilayer systems are quite different between silicene and graphene in terms of geometric structures, electronic properties, orbital hybridizations, interlayer hopping integrals, and spin interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Yi Liu
- Department of Physics/QTC/Hi-GEM, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Yang Lin
- Department of Physics, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Jhao-Ying Wu
- Center of General Studies, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Kochaev A, Katin K, Maslov M, Meftakhutdinov R. AA-Stacked Borophene-Graphene Bilayer with Covalent Bonding: Ab Initio Investigation of Structural, Electronic and Elastic properties. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:5668-5673. [PMID: 32586094 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c01443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
In this Letter, we study the structural, electronic, and elastic properties of single-layer striped borophene stacked on top of single-layer graphene. Through DFT calculation, we show that both the properties of striped borophene and graphene are not fully preserved in the novel heterostructure, which obviously depends on the nature of the chemical bond between the layers. The obtained phonon spectrum confirms the stability of this compound. The divergence of branches in the band structure appears below the Fermi level in the K point in the first Brillouin zone. Moreover, this heterostructure possesses excellent elastic properties and can be considered for use in the field of 2D acousto- and optoelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kochaev
- Ulyanovsk State University, 432017 Ulyanovsk, Russia
| | - K Katin
- National Research Nuclear University "MEPhI", 115409 Moscow, Russia
- Research Institute for the Development of Scientific and Educational Potential of Youth, 115409 Moscow, Russia
| | - M Maslov
- National Research Nuclear University "MEPhI", 115409 Moscow, Russia
- Research Institute for the Development of Scientific and Educational Potential of Youth, 115409 Moscow, Russia
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Lee KW, Lee CE. Quantum spin-valley Hall effect in AB-stacked bilayer silicene. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19426. [PMID: 31857647 PMCID: PMC6923400 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-55927-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Our density functional theory calculations show that while AB-stacked bilayer silicene has a non-quantized spin-valley Chern number, there exist backscattering-free gapless edge states within the bulk gap, leading to a quantum spin-valley Hall effect. Using a tight-binding model for a honeycomb bilayer, we found that the interlayer potential difference and the staggered AB-sublattice potential lead to abrupt and gradual change of the valley Chern number from a quantized value to zero, respectively, while maintaining backscattering-free gapless edge states if the valley Chern number is not too close to zero. Under an inversion symmetry-breaking potential in the form of the staggered AB-sublattice potential, such as an antiferromagnetic order and a hexagonal diatomic sheet, a finite but non-quantized (spin-)valley Chern number can correspond to a quantum (spin-)valley Hall insulator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyu Won Lee
- Department of Physics, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol Eui Lee
- Department of Physics, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.
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Shih PH, Do TN, Gumbs G, Huang D, Pham HD, Lin MF. Rich Magnetic Quantization Phenomena in AA Bilayer Silicene. Sci Rep 2019; 9:14799. [PMID: 31616029 PMCID: PMC6794390 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-50704-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The rich magneto-electronic properties of AA-bottom-top (bt) bilayer silicene are investigated using a generalized tight-binding model. The electronic structure exhibits two pairs of oscillatory energy bands for which the lowest conduction and highest valence states of the low-lying pair are shifted away from the K point. The quantized Landau levels (LLs) are classified into various separated groups by the localization behaviors of their spatial distributions. The LLs in the vicinity of the Fermi energy do not present simple wave function modes. This behavior is quite different from other two-dimensional systems. The geometry symmetry, intralayer and interlayer atomic interactions, and the effect of a perpendicular magnetic field are responsible for the peculiar LL energy spectra in AA-bt bilayer silicene. This work provides a better understanding of the diverse magnetic quantization phenomena in 2D condensed-matter materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Hsin Shih
- Department of Physics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan
| | - Thi-Nga Do
- Laboratory of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, Advanced Institute of Materials Science, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
| | - Godfrey Gumbs
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Hunter College of the City University of New York, 695 Park Avenue, New York, New York, 10065, USA
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), P de Manuel Lardizabal, 4, 20018, San Sebastian, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Danhong Huang
- US Air Force Research Laboratory, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland Air Force Base, New Mexico, 87117, USA
| | - Hai Duong Pham
- Department of Physics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Fa Lin
- Department of Physics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan.
- Quantum Topology Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan.
- Hierarchical Green-Energy Materials Research Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan.
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Shih PH, Do TN, Gumbs G, Pham HD, Lin MF. Electric-field-diversified optical properties of bilayer silicene. OPTICS LETTERS 2019; 44:4721-4724. [PMID: 31568426 DOI: 10.1364/ol.44.004721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The rich optical properties of AA-bottom-top (bt) bilayer silicene (BS) in a uniform perpendicular electric field (E) are investigated through the use of the tight-binding model. The distinctive multivalley band structure presents a semimetallic behavior but with a sizeable intraband gap. The main features of the energy dispersion appear in the optical absorption spectrum through transitions between band-edge states obeying specific selection rules. The E field clearly modifies the energy dispersion, especially opening a band gap, leading to a substantial influence on the optical properties. This field creates additional excitation channels and increases the frequency and intensity of the spectral structures. The inclusion of electron-hole interaction gives rise to a slight difference in the spectral intensity and strongly affects the fluctuation in the threshold intensity as the field strength is varied. The interplay between the special lattice structure, atomic interactions, electron-hole interaction, and a E field robustly diversifies the absorption spectra.
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Pandey D, Kamal C, Chakrabarti A. Intercalation of transition metals in aluminene bi-layers: An ab initio study. J Chem Phys 2019; 150:194702. [PMID: 31117777 DOI: 10.1063/1.5093945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Using first principles calculations based on density functional theory (DFT), we probe various possible stacking arrangements of bilayer aluminene and intercalate six transition metal (TM) atoms (Ti, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, and Ni) in unique bilayer aluminene systems. Further, we calculate valence charge density and electron localization function to ascertain the nature of bonding present in both the pristine and TM-intercalated composite systems. Intercalation of Cr, Mn, and Fe is found to result in the magnetic ground state. For Ti, Co, and Ni-intercalated systems, the starting trigonal symmetry has changed to a tetragonal symmetry. Co and Ni intercalated systems exhibit much higher (negative) formation energies compared to the other composite systems. In addition, nesting of the Fermi surface has been probed for the Co and Ni intercalated systems and observations indicate the possibility of the presence of charge density wave in the systems. A dispersion-corrected DFT study suggests that the van der Waals interaction is not likely to play a crucial role in determining the properties of both the pristine and TM-intercalated systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhanshree Pandey
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - C Kamal
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Aparna Chakrabarti
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400094, India
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