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Sachdeva G, Lobato Á, Pandey R, Odegard GM. A Micromechanical Study of Interactions of Cyanate Ester Monomer with Graphene or Boron Nitride Monolayer. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 17:108. [PMID: 38203962 PMCID: PMC10780284 DOI: 10.3390/ma17010108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Polymer composites, hailed for their ultra-strength and lightweight attributes, stand out as promising materials for the upcoming era of space vehicles. The selection of the polymer matrix plays a pivotal role in material design, given its significant impact on bulk-level properties through the reinforcement/polymer interface. To aid in the systematic design of such composite systems, molecular-level calculations are employed to establish the relationship between interfacial characteristics and mechanical response, specifically stiffness. This study focuses on the interaction of fluorinated and non-fluorinated cyanate ester monomers with graphene or a BN monolayer, representing non-polymerized ester composites. Utilizing micromechanics and the density functional theory method to analyze interaction energy, charge density, and stiffness, our findings reveal that the fluorinated cyanate-ester monomer demonstrates lower interaction energy, reduced pull-apart force, and a higher separation point compared to the non-fluorinated counterpart. This behavior is attributed to the steric hindrance caused by fluorine atoms. Furthermore, the BN monolayer exhibits enhanced transverse stiffness due to increased interfacial strength, stemming from the polar nature of B-N bonds on the surface, as opposed to the C-C bonds of graphene. These molecular-level results are intended to inform the design of next-generation composites incorporating cyanate esters, specifically for structural applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geeta Sachdeva
- Department of Physics, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA
| | - Álvaro Lobato
- MALTA-Consolider Team and Departamento de Química Física y Analítica, Universidad de Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Ravindra Pandey
- Department of Physics, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA
| | - Gregory M. Odegard
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Engineering Mechanics, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA
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Grigoryeva O, Fainleib A, Starostenko O, Shulzhenko D, Rios de Anda A, Gouanve F, Espuche E, Grande D. Effect of Amino-Functionalized Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxanes on Structure-Property Relationships of Thermostable Hybrid Cyanate Ester Resin Based Nanocomposites. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4654. [PMID: 38139906 PMCID: PMC10747541 DOI: 10.3390/polym15244654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanocomposites of cyanate ester resin (CER) filled with three different reactive amino-functionalized polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) were synthesized and characterized. The addition of a small quantity (0.1 wt.%) of amino-POSS chemically grafted to the CER network led to the increasing thermal stability of the CER matrix by 12-15 °C, depending on the type of amino-POSS. A significant increase of the glass transition temperature, Tg (DSC data), and the temperature of α relaxation, Tα (DMTA data), by 45-55 °C of the CER matrix with loading of nanofillers was evidenced. CER/POSS films exhibited a higher storage modulus than that of neat CER in the temperature range investigated. It was evidenced that CER/aminopropylisobutyl (APIB)-POSS, CER/N-phenylaminopropyl (NPAP)-POSS, and CER/aminoethyl aminopropylisobutyl (AEAPIB)-POSS nanocomposites induced a more homogenous α relaxation phenomenon with higher Tα values and an enhanced nanocomposite elastic behavior. The value of the storage modulus, E', at 25 °C increased from 2.72 GPa for the pure CER matrix to 2.99-3.24 GPa for the nanocomposites with amino-functionalized POSS nanoparticles. Furthermore, CER/amino-POSS nanocomposites possessed a higher specific surface area, gas permeability (CO2, He), and diffusion coefficients (CO2) values than those for neat CER, due to an increasing free volume of the nanocomposites studied that is very important for their gas transport properties. Permeability grew by about 2 (He) and 3.5-4 times (CO2), respectively, and the diffusion coefficient of CO2 increased approximately twice for CER/amino-POSS nanocomposites in comparison with the neat CER network. The efficiency of amino-functionalized POSS in improving the thermal and transport properties of the CER/amino-POSS nanocomposites increased in a raw of reactive POSS containing one primary (APIB-POSS) < eight secondary (NPAP-POSS) < one secondary and one primary (AEAPIB-POSS) amino groups. APIB-POSS had the least strongly pronounced effect, since it could form covalent bonds with the CER network only by a reaction of one -NH2 group, while AEAPIB-POSS displayed the most highly marked effect, since it could easily be incorporated into the CER network via a reaction of -NH2 and -NH- groups with -O-C≡N groups from CER.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Grigoryeva
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 48, Kharkivske Shose, 02155 Kyiv, Ukraine; (A.F.); (O.S.); (D.S.)
| | - Alexander Fainleib
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 48, Kharkivske Shose, 02155 Kyiv, Ukraine; (A.F.); (O.S.); (D.S.)
| | - Olga Starostenko
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 48, Kharkivske Shose, 02155 Kyiv, Ukraine; (A.F.); (O.S.); (D.S.)
| | - Diana Shulzhenko
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 48, Kharkivske Shose, 02155 Kyiv, Ukraine; (A.F.); (O.S.); (D.S.)
| | - Agustin Rios de Anda
- Université Paris Est Creteil, CNRS, Institut de Chimie et des Matériaux Paris-Est, UMR 7182, 2 rue Henri Dunant, 94320 Thiais, France; (A.R.d.A.); (D.G.)
| | - Fabrice Gouanve
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères, UMR 5223, 15 Boulevard André Latarjet, 69622 Villeurbanne, France; (F.G.)
| | - Eliane Espuche
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères, UMR 5223, 15 Boulevard André Latarjet, 69622 Villeurbanne, France; (F.G.)
| | - Daniel Grande
- Université Paris Est Creteil, CNRS, Institut de Chimie et des Matériaux Paris-Est, UMR 7182, 2 rue Henri Dunant, 94320 Thiais, France; (A.R.d.A.); (D.G.)
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BIO-BASED CYANATE ESTER RESINS AND THERMOSTABLE POLYMER NETWORKS DERIVED THEREOF. MINI REVIEW. Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.15407/polymerj.44.02.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This article is devoted to a review of the literature on a very promising direction in the chemistry of macromolecular compounds: the synthesis and study of polymers, more specifically, high performance polycyanurates based on bis(poly)phenols) of natural origin. Cyanate Ester Resins (CER) are characterized by a very regular structure of the polymer networks, namely polycyanurates (PCNs), obtained by their polycyclotrimerization. They have received much attention because of their unique combination of physical properties, including high thermal stability (> 400 °C), high glass transition temperature (> 270 °C), high fire-, radiation and chemical resistance, low water absorption and low outgassing, high adhesion to different substrates and excellent dielectric properties (ε=2,64−3,11). As a result, CER are currently used as structural or functional materials in aeronautics, space (composite strakes, fins, nose radomes, heat shields), printed circuit boards, adhesives etc. It has to be noted here that CER thermosetting resins, expanding the high-temperature operations regimes, are produced from synthetic petroleum-derived bisphenols, such as bisphenol A, which are toxic and dangerous for environment. In the past decade, naturally occurring phenolic derivatives have arisen as attractive precursors for developing new materials from renewable bio-sources for use in eco-friendly processes. Resins have been prepared utilizing either the whole liquid product or a phenolic-enriched fraction obtained after fractional condensation or further processing, such as solvent extraction or use of greener extraction methods. However, to date, none of the phenolic production and fractionation techniques has been utilized to allow for substitution of 100% of the phenol content of the resin without impacting its effectiveness compared to commercial formulations based on petroleum-derived phenol. The variable nature of the percentage of phenolic compounds in terms of purity from different batches of crops from one season to another and geographical influence does not allow from the reproducibility of phenolic compounds, and hence the resulting polymers. However, the direction that needs to be explored should be oriented towards complete replacement of petro-based phenolics with bio-based ones in the face of an urgent petroleum crisis. In addition, there is a necessity for materials showing enhanced applicability and improved performance. It is a beginning of the era of such a step, which requires further exploration of natural phenolic sources aimed at their enhanced utilization.
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A comprehensive review on polymer matrix composites: material selection, fabrication, and application. Polym Bull (Berl) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-022-04087-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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5
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Aromatic tetra-glycidyl ether versus tetra-glycidyl amine epoxy networks: Influence of monomer structure and epoxide conversion. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.124401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Muldoon J, Garrison M, Savolainen M, Harvey BG. Ambient Temperature Cross-Linking of a Sustainable, Cardanol-Based Cyanate Ester Via Synergistic Thiol-ene Copolymerization. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2py00160h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cardanol, a low-cost component of cashew nut shell oil, is a phenolic compound with a 15-carbon unsaturated chain in the position meta to the hydroxyl group. This biorenewable substrate was...
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Li J, Ren C, Sun Z, Ren Y, Lee H, Moon KS, Wong CP. Melt Processable Novolac Cyanate Ester/Biphenyl Epoxy Copolymer Series with Ultrahigh Glass-Transition Temperature. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:15551-15562. [PMID: 33755416 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c20537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The rapid progress in silicon carbide (SiC)-based technology for high-power applications expects an increasing operation temperature (up to 250 °C) and awaits reliable packaging materials to unleash their full power. Epoxy-based encapsulant materials failed to provide satisfactory protection under such high temperatures due to the intrinsic weakness of epoxy resins, despite their unmatched good adhesion and processability. Herein, we report a series of copolymers made by melt blending novolac cyanate ester and tetramethylbiphenyl epoxy (NCE/EP) that have demonstrated much superior high-temperature stability over current epoxies. Benefited from the aromatic, rigid backbone and the highly functional nature of the monomers, the highest values achieved for the copolymers are as follows: glass-transition temperature (Tg) above 300 °C, decomposition onset above 400 °C, and char yield above 45% at 800 °C, which are among the highest of the known epoxy chemistry by far. Moreover, the high-temperature aging (250 °C) experiments showed much reduced mass loss of these copolymers compared to the traditional high-temperature epoxy and even the pure NCE in the long term by suppressing hydrolysis degradation mechanisms. The copolymer composition, i.e., NCE to EP ratio, has found to have profound impacts on the resin flowability, thermomechanical properties, moisture absorption, and dielectric properties, which are discussed in this paper with in-depth analysis on their structure-property relationships. The outstanding high-temperature stability, preferred and adjustable processability, and the dielectric properties of the reported NCE/EP copolymers will greatly stimulate further research to formulating robust epoxy molding compounds (EMCs) or underfill for packaging next-generation high-power electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxiong Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Chao Ren
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, China
| | - Zhijian Sun
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Yanjuan Ren
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, CAPT/HEDPS/LTCS, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Haksun Lee
- School of Electrical and Computing Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Kyoung-Sik Moon
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Ching-Ping Wong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
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9
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Lei XT, Tong LF, Xu MZ, You Y, Liu XB. PEN/BADCy Interlayer Dielectric Films with Tunable Microstructures via an Assist of Temperature for Enhanced Frequency Stability. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-020-2417-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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10
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Bajpai A, Saxena P, Kunze K. Tribo-Mechanical Characterization of Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Cyanate Ester Resins Modified With Fillers. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12081725. [PMID: 32752022 PMCID: PMC7464198 DOI: 10.3390/polym12081725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
High-performance polymer composites are being increasingly favored for structural applications. For this purpose, efforts are being focused on exploring the potential of high-performance thermoplastics and thermosets. Cyanate ester (CE) resin is a special thermoset that can be used at up to 400 °C without any considerable degradation; however, its tribological properties are not at the adequate level. Hence, it is needed to use this polymer in composite form with the fibrous/particulate reinforcement to impart better tribological properties and mechanical strength via a strong fiber–matrix interface. Carbon fiber/fabrics are at the forefront as reinforcement for specialty polymers. The tribological and tensile properties of cyanate ester (CE) composites-filled graphite, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), and MoS2 micron-sized fillers reinforced with carbon fibers (CF) are investigated experimentally in a block-on-ring setup at 100 N, for 10 h, and with a sliding distance of approximately 10,000 m, against a hardened polished 100Cr6 steel shaft and diamond-like-coated (DLC) 100Cr6 steel shaft. The tribological properties of the composites including the coefficient of friction and specific wear rate are enhanced especially with the incorporation of graphite fillers. The friction coefficient and wear rate of the graphite-based composite was decreased significantly at 5 wt.% of graphite concentration. Further, at the same concentration, the graphite-based composite showed superior tensile properties as compared to the reference system owing to better dispersion and adhesion between the fibers and matrix. Tensile tests are performed to characterize the fiber–matrix interfacial adhesion and other strength properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankur Bajpai
- School of Engineering, Institute for Materials and Processes, The University of Edinburgh, Robert Stevenson Road, Scotland EH9 3FB, UK
- Correspondence:
| | - Prateek Saxena
- Manufacturing Department, Cranfield University, Bedfordshire MK43 0AL, UK;
| | - Klaus Kunze
- Technische Universität Dresden, Institut für Leichtbau und Kunststofftechnik, 01062 Dresden, Germany;
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11
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Li J, Ren C, An D, Ren Y, Moon KS, Wong CP. Systematic evaluation of cyanate ester/ epoxidized cresol novolac copolymer resin system for high temperature power electronic packaging applications. POLYMER 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2020.122454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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12
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Cherukattu Gopinathapanicker J, Inamdar A, Anand A, Joshi M, Kandasubramanian B. Radar Transparent, Impact-Resistant, and High-Temperature Capable Radome Composites Using Polyetherimide-Toughened Cyanate Ester Resins for High-Speed Aircrafts through Resin Film Infusion. Ind Eng Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b06439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jayalakshmi Cherukattu Gopinathapanicker
- Composites Research Centre, Research and Development Establishment (Engineers), DRDO, Ministry of Defence, Pune 411015, India
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Defence Institute of Advanced Technology, Ministry of Defence, Pune 411025, India
| | - Ahmed Inamdar
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Defence Institute of Advanced Technology, Ministry of Defence, Pune 411025, India
| | - Anoop Anand
- Composites Research Centre, Research and Development Establishment (Engineers), DRDO, Ministry of Defence, Pune 411015, India
| | - Makarand Joshi
- Composites Research Centre, Research and Development Establishment (Engineers), DRDO, Ministry of Defence, Pune 411015, India
| | - Balasubramanian Kandasubramanian
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Defence Institute of Advanced Technology, Ministry of Defence, Pune 411025, India
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Ma P, Dai C, Jiang S. Thioetherimide-Modified Cyanate Ester Resin with Better Molding Performance for Glass Fiber Reinforced Composites. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:E1458. [PMID: 31500128 PMCID: PMC6780088 DOI: 10.3390/polym11091458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyanate ester (CE) resins with higher heat resistance, lower coefficients of thermal expansion (CTEs), and lower water absorption ratios are highly desired in printed circuit boards (PCBs). In this work, a CE was modified by copolymerization with a long-chain thioether bismaleimide (SBMI) to form a thioetherimide-modified CE (SBT). The results indicated that SBT had a wider processing window and better processing properties than a common bismaleimide-modified CE resin (MBMI). After molding with a glass fiber cloth, the composites (GSBT) exhibited moisture adsorption in the range of 1.4%-2.0%, high tensile strength in the range of 311-439 MPa, good mechanical retention of 70%-85% even at 200 °C, and good dimension stability, with coefficients of thermal expansion in the range of 17.3-18.6 (×10-6 m/°C). Such GSBT composites with superior properties would be good candidates for PCB applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chuntao Dai
- Zhongshan Polytechnic, Zhongshan 528404, China.
| | - Shaohua Jiang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
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14
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Gouthaman S, Madhu V, Kanemoto SO, Madurai SL, Hamerton I. Examining the thermal degradation behaviour of a series of cyanate ester homopolymers. POLYM INT 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.5886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Siddan Gouthaman
- Polymer Science and Technology DivisionCentral Leather Research Institute (CSIR – CLRI) Chennai India
| | - Venkatesh Madhu
- Polymer Science and Technology DivisionCentral Leather Research Institute (CSIR – CLRI) Chennai India
| | - Stanley Olivier Kanemoto
- Polymer Science and Technology DivisionCentral Leather Research Institute (CSIR – CLRI) Chennai India
- Macromolecular Research Team, Department of Inorganic ChemistryUniversity of Yaounde‐I Yaounde Cameroon
| | - Suguna Lakshmi Madurai
- Polymer Science and Technology DivisionCentral Leather Research Institute (CSIR – CLRI) Chennai India
| | - Ian Hamerton
- Bristol Composites Institute (ACCIS), Department of Aerospace Engineering, School of Civil, Aerospace, and Mechanical EngineeringQueen's Building, University of Bristol, University Walk Bristol UK
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Galvanically Stimulated Degradation of Carbon-Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composites: A Critical Review. MATERIALS 2019; 12:ma12040651. [PMID: 30795532 PMCID: PMC6416565 DOI: 10.3390/ma12040651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Carbon is used as a reinforcing phase in carbon-fiber reinforced polymer composites employed in aeronautical and other technological applications. Under polarization in aqueous media, which can occur on galvanic coupling of carbon-fiber reinforced polymers (CFRP) with metals in multi-material structures, degradation of the composite occurs. These degradative processes are intimately linked with the electrically conductive nature and surface chemistry of carbon. This review highlights the potential corrosion challenges in multi-material combinations containing carbon-fiber reinforced polymers, the surface chemistry of carbon, its plausible effects on the electrochemical activity of carbon, and consequently the degradation processes on carbon-fiber reinforced polymers. The implications of the emerging use of conductive nano-fillers (carbon nanotubes and carbon nanofibers) in the modification of CFRPs on galvanically stimulated degradation of CFRP is accentuated. The problem of galvanic coupling of CFRP with selected metals is set into perspective, and insights on potential methods for mitigation and monitoring the degradative processes in these composites are highlighted.
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Wu J, Jia Z, He Y, Yu Z. Investigation on thermal stability and tribological properties of ZrB 2
particles filling cyanate ester resin composites by experiments and numerical simulation. POLYM ENG SCI 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.24975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiacheng Wu
- Department of Materials Science; Fudan University 200433; Shanghai China
| | - Zhuoying Jia
- Department of Materials Science; Fudan University 200433; Shanghai China
| | - Yannan He
- Department of Materials Science; Fudan University 200433; Shanghai China
| | - Zhiqiang Yu
- Department of Materials Science; Fudan University 200433; Shanghai China
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A novel ultra low-k nanocomposites of benzoxazinyl modified polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane and cyanate ester. Eur Polym J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2018.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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18
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Inamdar A, Cherukattu J, Anand A, Kandasubramanian B. Thermoplastic-Toughened High-Temperature Cyanate Esters and Their Application in Advanced Composites. Ind Eng Chem Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.7b05202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Inamdar
- Department of Materials Engineering, Defence Institute of Advanced Technology (DU), Ministry of Defence, Girinagar, Pune-411025, India
| | - Jayalakshmi Cherukattu
- Composites Research Centre, Research and Development Establishment (Engineers), DRDO, Ministry of Defence, Pune-411015, India
| | - Anoop Anand
- Composites Research Centre, Research and Development Establishment (Engineers), DRDO, Ministry of Defence, Pune-411015, India
| | - Balasubramanian Kandasubramanian
- Department of Materials Engineering, Defence Institute of Advanced Technology (DU), Ministry of Defence, Girinagar, Pune-411025, India
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Cui YQ, Yin ZW. Carbon-fibre-reinforced modified cyanate ester winding composites and their thermomechanical properties. HIGH PERFORM POLYM 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/0954008317753526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Although the extensive research has expanded on the modification of cyanate ester (CE) resins and the mechanical properties of CE composites, very few studies have been conducted on carbon fibre (CF)/modified CE winding composites and the thermomechanical properties of the composites. In this research, epoxy (EP)-modified novolac cyanate ester (NCE) and bismaleimide (BMI)-modified NCE resins were prepared. The CF/modified CE winding composites were manufactured, and their thermomechanical properties were tested. The optimal winding process was determined, and a preheating technique was implemented. Then, the EP/CE resin (10:90) and the BMI–DBA/CE resin (10:90) were selected as the resin matrix of the winding composite based on the viscosity properties, mechanical properties and thermal analysis (using thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry) of the modified CE resin. The selected resin exhibited good manufacturability at 70°C, good thermal stability and high Tg (above 370°C). The thermomechanical property tests indicate that the modified CE resin composite exhibits an outstanding mechanical strength at room temperature and at high temperatures (130°C, 150°C and 180°C) compared with that of the pure CE resin composite. The reasons for this enhancement can be attributed to a toughening mechanism and the effect of sizing agents on the CFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Qing Cui
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhong Wei Yin
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Ren D, Lei Y, Pan H, Yan L, Xu M, Liu X. Design of the phthalonitrile-based composite laminates by improving the interfacial compatibility and their enhanced properties. J Appl Polym Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/app.45881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dengxun Ren
- School of Microelectronic & Solid State Electronic, High-temperature Resistant Polymers and Composites Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province; University of Electronic Science and Technology of China; Chengdu 610054 People's Republic of China
| | - Yangxue Lei
- School of Microelectronic & Solid State Electronic, High-temperature Resistant Polymers and Composites Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province; University of Electronic Science and Technology of China; Chengdu 610054 People's Republic of China
| | - Hai Pan
- School of Microelectronic & Solid State Electronic, High-temperature Resistant Polymers and Composites Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province; University of Electronic Science and Technology of China; Chengdu 610054 People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Yan
- School of Microelectronic & Solid State Electronic, High-temperature Resistant Polymers and Composites Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province; University of Electronic Science and Technology of China; Chengdu 610054 People's Republic of China
| | - Mingzhen Xu
- School of Microelectronic & Solid State Electronic, High-temperature Resistant Polymers and Composites Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province; University of Electronic Science and Technology of China; Chengdu 610054 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaobo Liu
- School of Microelectronic & Solid State Electronic, High-temperature Resistant Polymers and Composites Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province; University of Electronic Science and Technology of China; Chengdu 610054 People's Republic of China
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Guenthner AJ, Harvey BG, Chafin AP, Davis MC, Zavala JJ, Lamison KR, Reams JT, Ghiassi KB, Mabry JM. Effect of Segmental Configuration on Properties of n-Propyl-Bridged Polycyanurate Networks. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b00824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Benjamin G. Harvey
- Weapons
Division, Naval Air Warfare Center, China Lake, California 93555, United States
| | - Andrew P. Chafin
- Weapons
Division, Naval Air Warfare Center, China Lake, California 93555, United States
| | - Matthew C. Davis
- Weapons
Division, Naval Air Warfare Center, China Lake, California 93555, United States
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22
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Herr DE, Nikolic NA, Schultz RA. Chemistries for High Reliability in Electronics Assemblies. HIGH PERFORM POLYM 2016. [DOI: 10.1088/0954-0083/13/3/302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
This article provides a review of the attitude of the scientific community towards reliability in electronic packages, with emphasis on the prevailing mechanisms for package failure under highly stressed environmental conditioning. Once this failure mechanism is fully developed, approaches to the resolution can be more rigorously applied. Overall, the predominant evidence points to moisture, both diffusivity and equilibrium weight gain, as the key factor in reduced reliability performance. Other fundamental polymer properties are important, but generally, methods are well established for adjusting these parameters. Moisture uptake is somewhat inherent to a particular chemistry type and this can direct the use of resin systems that are more suited to particularly moist environments. Epoxy resin systems, while pervasive in the electronics industry, do have limitations under humid environmental test conditions. Cyanate ester resin chemistry is claimed to have low moisture uptake by virtue of a non-hydrophilic cure mechanism. However, certain aspects of the cure chemistry and side reactions with water can result in misleading predictions on humid environment performance. Siloxane-based materials present an attractive solution to many moisture related issues. Traditional condensation and addition cure silicone systems have, thus, found widespread use as packaging adhesives and encapsulants. Siloxane-functional polyimides have also been successfully utilized in a number of application areas. Relatively new siloxane/hydrocarbon resins, developed specifically for electronics applications, further address the shortcomings of classic silicone adhesives and coatings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nikola A Nikolic
- National Starch and Chemical Company, Bridgewater, NJ 08807, USA
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23
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Jennings AR, Morey AM, Guenthner AJ, Iacono ST. Synthesis and characterization of siloxane‐based cyanate ester elastomers from readily available materials: a top‐down approach. POLYM INT 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.5276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Abby R Jennings
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Research Center United States Air Force Academy Colorado Springs Colorado USA
| | - Aimee M Morey
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Research Center United States Air Force Academy Colorado Springs Colorado USA
| | - Andrew J Guenthner
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Aerospace Systems Directorate, Edwards Air Force Base California USA
| | - Scott T Iacono
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Research Center United States Air Force Academy Colorado Springs Colorado USA
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24
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Liu T, Li J, Xiao J, Tian W. Thermal and mechanical evaluation of cyanate ester resin catalyzed by nonylphenol and stannous octoate. J Appl Polym Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/app.43959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ting Liu
- College of Material Science and Technology; Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics; Jiangsu Nanjing 210016
| | - Jinhuan Li
- College of Material Science and Technology; Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics; Jiangsu Nanjing 210016
| | - Jun Xiao
- College of Material Science and Technology; Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics; Jiangsu Nanjing 210016
| | - Wenping Tian
- College of Material Science and Technology; Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics; Jiangsu Nanjing 210016
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25
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Guenthner AJ, Sahagun CM, Lamison KR, Reams JT, Haddad TS, Mabry JM. Effect of Nanoparticle Functionalization on the Performance of Polycyanurate/Silica Nanocomposites. Ind Eng Chem Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.6b00498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J. Guenthner
- Aerospace
Systems Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Edwards AFB, California 93524, United States
| | - Christopher M. Sahagun
- National Research Council/Air Force Research Laboratory, Edwards AFB, California 93524, United States
| | - Kevin R. Lamison
- ERC
Incorporated, Air Force Research Laboratory, Edwards AFB, California 93524, United States
| | - Josiah T. Reams
- ERC
Incorporated, Air Force Research Laboratory, Edwards AFB, California 93524, United States
| | - Timothy S. Haddad
- ERC
Incorporated, Air Force Research Laboratory, Edwards AFB, California 93524, United States
| | - Joseph M. Mabry
- Aerospace
Systems Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Edwards AFB, California 93524, United States
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26
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Meier C, Parlevliet PP, Döring M. Interpenetrating polymer networks formed by cyanate esters and phenylethynyl-terminated imides. HIGH PERFORM POLYM 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/0954008316653996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
An oligomeric phenylethynyl-terminated imide (PETI) has been formulated with a cyanate ester (CE) with and without the addition of a compatibilizer 2,2′-diallylbisphenol A (DABPA) forming interpenetrating polymer networks (IPNs). Modulated differential scanning calorimetry (mDSC) was used to monitor the curing of the resin mixtures. The formation of various resulting IPNs was verified using mDSC, dynamical mechanical thermoanalysis (DMTA), thermal gravimetry analysis and scanning electron microscopy. Furthermore, it could be shown by mDSC and DMTA that a covalent bond of the separated CE and PETI networks could be achieved by the addition of DABPA. In this regard, a reaction mechanism is proposed for the cross-linking reaction between the allylic pendent group of DABPA and the phenylethynyl end-group of the PETI resin. The cured resin specimens showed to have very high heat resistance and very high glass transition temperatures up to 330°C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Meier
- Airbus Group Innovations, Composites Technologies, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Manfred Döring
- Fraunhofer-Institute for Structural Durability and System Reliability LBF, Darmstadt, Germany
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27
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Chang P, Tian C, Chen K, Liang S, Qing J, Zhu Y, Jia X, Wang J. Effect of monomer chemical structures on the cell structures and properties of cyanate ester foams. HIGH PERFORM POLYM 2015. [DOI: 10.1177/0954008315617816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Cyanate ester (CE) foams with different chemical structures were prepared using bisphenol A dicyanate ester (BADCy), bisphenol E dicyanate ester (BECy), and tetramethyl bisphenol F dicyanate ester (TBFDCy) as monomers, through a two-step process. Rheological tests were performed to investigate the optimal conditions for the preparation of these foams. The results of morphology by scanning electron microscopy showed that cells are in the form of nearly spherical shape in foams from TBFDCy and BADCy and oval in foam from BECy. The thermal properties of the three CE foams were studied by methods of dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and thermogravimetry/differential thermogravimetry analysis. The glass transition temperature ( Tg) obtained from DMA tests are 274, 264, and 241°C for the foams from TBFDCy, BADCy, and BECy, respectively, which are apparently higher than that tested by DSC method. The Tg, compressive properties, and thermal stabilities of the foams are improved after the introduction of the alkyl-substituent groups to the same aromatic ring of –OCN functionality, and the chemical structure–properties relationships are explained according to the monomer chemical structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pianpian Chang
- Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang, China
- Material Science and Engineering College, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, China
| | - Chunrong Tian
- Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang, China
| | - Keping Chen
- Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang, China
| | - Shuen Liang
- Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang, China
| | - Jingqi Qing
- Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang, China
| | - Yalin Zhu
- Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang, China
- Material Science and Engineering College, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, China
| | - Xiaorong Jia
- Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang, China
| | - Jianhua Wang
- Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang, China
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28
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Bershtein V, Fainleib A, Yakushev P, Egorova L, Grigoryeva O, Ryzhov V, Starostenko O. Thermostable cyanate ester resins and POSS-containing nanocomposites: influence of matrix chemical structure on their properties. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.3645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Olga Grigoryeva
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, NAS; 02160 Kyiv Ukraine
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29
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Bershtein V, Fainleib A, Egorova L, Grigoryeva O, Kirilenko D, Konnikov S, Ryzhov V, Starostenko O, Yakushev P, Yagovkina M, Saiter JM. The impact of ultra-low amounts of introduced reactive POSS nanoparticles on structure, dynamics and properties of densely cross-linked cyanate ester resins. Eur Polym J 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2015.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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30
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Harvey BG, Guenthner AJ, Lai WW, Meylemans HA, Davis MC, Cambrea LR, Reams JT, Lamison KR. Effects of o-Methoxy Groups on the Properties and Thermal Stability of Renewable High-Temperature Cyanate Ester Resins. Macromolecules 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b00496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin G. Harvey
- NAWCWD,
Research Department, Chemistry Division, US Navy, China Lake, California 93555, United States
| | - Andrew J. Guenthner
- Rocket
Propulsion Division, Air Force Research Laboratory, Edwards AFB, California 93524, United States
| | - William W. Lai
- NAWCWD,
Research Department, Chemistry Division, US Navy, China Lake, California 93555, United States
| | - Heather A. Meylemans
- NAWCWD,
Research Department, Chemistry Division, US Navy, China Lake, California 93555, United States
| | - Matthew C. Davis
- NAWCWD,
Research Department, Chemistry Division, US Navy, China Lake, California 93555, United States
| | - Lee R. Cambrea
- NAWCWD,
Research Department, Chemistry Division, US Navy, China Lake, California 93555, United States
| | - Josiah T. Reams
- Rocket
Propulsion Division, ERC, Inc., Air Force Research Laboratory, Edwards AFB, California 93524, United States
| | - Kevin R. Lamison
- Rocket
Propulsion Division, ERC, Inc., Air Force Research Laboratory, Edwards AFB, California 93524, United States
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31
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Fan C, Tian C, Chen K, Gao X, Jia X, Wang J. Preparation and characterization of cyanate/epoxy foam. HIGH PERFORM POLYM 2015. [DOI: 10.1177/0954008315573337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
A new type of cyanate (CE)/epoxy (EP) foam with bisphenol-A dicyanate ester prepolymer and diglycidyl ether of bisphenol-A (BADCy/DGEBA) has been successfully prepared through a two-step process. The structure and properties of CE/EP foam were studied. The results reveal that the CE/EP foams, with relatively uniform cell structure, were composed of closed cells as confirmed by scanning electron microscopy. The compressive strength increased from 0.507 MPa to 3.021 MPa, and the compressive modulus ( E) increased from 15 MPa to 123 MPa as the density increased from 0.103 g cm−3 to 0.305 g cm−3. Dynamic mechanical analysis revealed that the CE/EP foams possessed a high glass transition temperature ( Tg) (203°C) and that density had only a little impact on Tg. Moreover, the excellent thermal stability presented with the onset of weight loss taken at 5% value was above 320°C, and the residual weight of the foam was more than 21.6% at 800°C. With increase in the density of CE/EP foams, the dielectric constants (ε) gradually decreased. For the foam with density of ρ = 0.162 g cm−3, the value of ε was as low as 2.28 at the frequency of 10 kHz.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunchun Fan
- Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang, China
- Material Science and Engineering College, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, China
| | - Chunrong Tian
- Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang, China
| | - Keping Chen
- Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang, China
| | - Xia Gao
- Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang, China
- Material Science and Engineering College, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, China
| | - Xiaorong Jia
- Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang, China
| | - Jianhua Wang
- Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang, China
- Material Science and Engineering College, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, China
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32
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Guenthner AJ, Wright ME, Chafin AP, Reams JT, Lamison KR, Ford MD, Kirby SPJ, Zavala JJ, Mabry JM. Mechanisms of Decreased Moisture Uptake in Ortho-Methylated Di(cyanate ester) Networks. Macromolecules 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ma501862a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael E. Wright
- Weapons
Division, Naval Air Warfare Center, China Lake, California 93555, United States
| | - Andrew P. Chafin
- Weapons
Division, Naval Air Warfare Center, China Lake, California 93555, United States
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33
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Zhang M, Yan H, Yang X, Liu C. Effect of functionalized graphene oxide with a hyperbranched cyclotriphosphazene polymer on mechanical and thermal properties of cyanate ester composites. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra06411a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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34
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Biju R, Nair CPR. Effect of phenol end functional switching segments on the shape memory properties of epoxy-cyanate ester system. J Appl Polym Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/app.41196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Biju
- Sree Narayana College; Sivagiri, Varkala, Thiruvananthapuram 695 145 Kerala India
| | - C. P. Reghunadhan Nair
- Polymers and Special Chemicals Group; Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre, Thiruvananthapuram 695 022 Kerala India
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35
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Yan H, Li T, Zhang M, Feng S. Mechanical and dielectric properties of blends of dicyanate ester and bisphenol A-based benzoxazine. HIGH PERFORM POLYM 2014. [DOI: 10.1177/0954008314526423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Bisphenol A-based benzoxazine (BOZ) was blended with cyanate ester (CE) to improve the properties of cyanate resin. The effects of the content of BOZ on the mechanical property and dielectric property of the blends have been investigated. The results show that a suitable addition of BOZ can enhance the impact strength and flexural strength as well as reduce the dielectric constant and the dielectric loss of CE. The mechanical properties are significantly improved when the content of BOZ is 10 wt%, and the dynamic mechanical analysis reveals that the cross-link density of the blend is lower than pure CE. Scanning electron microscopy analysis shows distinct characteristics of ductile fracture of the blends. In addition, the dielectric constant and the dielectric loss of modified system decreases, compared with the curing CE. The optimal addition amount of BOZ resin is 15 wt% for the dielectric properties. The blend of a suitable addition of BOZ still remains a good thermal resistance. All these changes in properties are closely correlated to the copolymerization between BOZ and CE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxia Yan
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tingting Li
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mengmeng Zhang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuyao Feng
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
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36
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Rakesh S, Thulasiraman V, Sarojadevi M. Synthesis, characterization, and thermal properties of cyanate esters with azo linkages. POLYM ENG SCI 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.23863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Samikannu Rakesh
- Department of Chemistry; Anna University; Chennai Tamil Nadu 600 025 India
| | - Venu Thulasiraman
- Department of Chemistry; Anna University; Chennai Tamil Nadu 600 025 India
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37
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Corley CA, Guenthner AJ, Sahagun CM, Lamison KR, Reams JT, Hassan MK, Morgan SE, Iacono ST, Mabry JM. Di(cyanate Ester) Networks Based on Alternative Fluorinated Bisphenols with Extremely Low Water Uptake. ACS Macro Lett 2014; 3:105-109. [PMID: 35651119 DOI: 10.1021/mz400520s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
A new polycyanurate network exhibiting extremely low moisture uptake has been produced via the treatment of perfluorocyclobutane-containing Bisphenol T with cyanogen bromide and subsequent thermal cyclotrimerization. The water uptake, at 0.56 ± 0.10% after immersion in water at 85 °C for 96 h, represents some of the most promising moisture resistance observed to date in polycyanurate networks. This excellent performance derives from a near optimal value of the glass transition at 190 °C at full cure. Superior dielectric loss characteristics compared to commercial polycyanurate networks based on Bisphenol E were also observed. Polycyanurate networks derived from this new monomer appear particularly well-suited for applications such as radomes and spacecrafts where polycyanurates are already widely recognized as providing outstanding properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia A. Corley
- Department
of Chemistry, United States Air Force Academy, Colorado Springs, Colorado 80840, United States
| | - Andrew J. Guenthner
- Aerospace
Systems Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Edwards AFB, California 93524, United States
| | - Christopher M Sahagun
- National
Research Council/Air Force Research Laboratory, Edwards AFB, California 93524, United States
| | | | - Josiah T. Reams
- ERC
Incorporated, Edwards AFB, California 93524, United States
| | - Mohammad K. Hassan
- School
of Polymers and High Performance Materials, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39046-5050, United States
| | - Sarah E. Morgan
- School
of Polymers and High Performance Materials, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39046-5050, United States
| | - Scott T. Iacono
- Department
of Chemistry, United States Air Force Academy, Colorado Springs, Colorado 80840, United States
| | - Joseph M. Mabry
- Aerospace
Systems Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Edwards AFB, California 93524, United States
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38
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Sun W, Sun W, Kessler MR, Bowler N, Dennis KW, McCallum RW, Li Q, Tan X. Multifunctional properties of cyanate ester composites with SiO2 coated Fe3O4 fillers. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2013; 5:1636-1642. [PMID: 23431998 DOI: 10.1021/am302520e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
SiO2 coated Fe3O4 submicrometer spherical particles (a conducting core/insulating shell configuration) are fabricated using a hydrothermal method and are loaded at 10 and 20 vol % into a bisphenol E cyanate ester matrix for synthesis of multifunctional composites. The dielectric constant of the resulting composites is found to be enhanced over a wide frequency and temperature range while the low dielectric loss tangent of the neat cyanate ester polymer is largely preserved up to 160 °C due to the insulating SiO2 coating on individual conductive Fe3O4 submicrometer spheres. These composites also demonstrate high dielectric breakdown strengths at room temperature. Dynamic mechanical analysis indicates that the storage modulus of the composite with a 20 vol % filler loading is twice as high as that of neat resin, but the glass transition temperature considerably decreases with increasing filler content. Magnetic measurements reveal a large saturation magnetization and negligibly low coercivity and remanent magnetization in these composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixing Sun
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
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39
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Mi YN, Liang G, Gu A, Zhao F, Yuan L. Thermally Conductive Aluminum Nitride–Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube/Cyanate Ester Composites with High Flame Retardancy and Low Dielectric Loss. Ind Eng Chem Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ie3029569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ya-nan Mi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer
Design and Application, Department of Materials Science and Engineering,
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials
Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu
215123, China
| | - Guozheng Liang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer
Design and Application, Department of Materials Science and Engineering,
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials
Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu
215123, China
| | - Aijuan Gu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer
Design and Application, Department of Materials Science and Engineering,
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials
Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu
215123, China
| | - Feipeng Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer
Design and Application, Department of Materials Science and Engineering,
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials
Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu
215123, China
| | - Li Yuan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer
Design and Application, Department of Materials Science and Engineering,
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials
Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu
215123, China
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40
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Meylemans HA, Harvey BG, Reams JT, Guenthner AJ, Cambrea LR, Groshens TJ, Baldwin LC, Garrison MD, Mabry JM. Synthesis, characterization, and cure chemistry of renewable bis(cyanate) esters derived from 2-methoxy-4-methylphenol. Biomacromolecules 2013; 14:771-80. [PMID: 23323677 DOI: 10.1021/bm3018438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A series of renewable bis(cyanate) esters have been prepared from bisphenols synthesized by condensation of 2-methoxy-4-methylphenol (creosol) with formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, and propionaldehyde. The cyanate esters have been fully characterized by infrared spectroscopy, (1)H and (13)C NMR spectroscopy, and single crystal X-ray diffraction. These compounds melt from 88 to 143 °C, while cured resins have glass transition temperatures from 219 to 248 °C, water uptake (96 h, 85 °C immersion) in the range of 2.05-3.21%, and wet glass transition temperatures from 174 to 193 °C. These properties suggest that creosol-derived cyanate esters may be useful for a wide variety of military and commercial applications. The cure chemistry of the cyanate esters has been studied with FTIR spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry. The results show that cyanate esters with more sterically demanding bridging groups cure more slowly, but also more completely than those with a bridging methylene group. In addition to the structural differences, the purity of the cyanate esters has a significant effect on both the cure chemistry and final Tg of the materials. In some cases, post-cure of the resins at 350 °C resulted in significant decomposition and off-gassing, but cure protocols that terminated at 250-300 °C generated void-free resin pucks without degradation. Thermogravimetric analysis revealed that cured resins were stable up to 400 °C and then rapidly degraded. TGA/FTIR and mass spectrometry results showed that the resins decomposed to phenols, isocyanic acid, and secondary decomposition products, including CO2. Char yields of cured resins under N2 ranged from 27 to 35%, while char yields in air ranged from 8 to 11%. These data suggest that resins of this type may potentially be recycled to parent phenols, creosol, and other alkylated creosols by pyrolysis in the presence of excess water vapor. The ability to synthesize these high temperature resins from a phenol (creosol) that can be derived from lignin, coupled with the potential to recycle the composites, provides a possible route to the production of sustainable, high-performance, thermosetting resins with reduced environmental impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather A Meylemans
- Research Department, Chemistry Division, U.S. Navy, NAWCWD, China Lake, CA 93555, USA
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41
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Devaraju S, Vengatesan MR, Selvi M, Kumar AA, Hamerton I, Go JS, Alagar M. Low surface free energy cyanate ester–silica hybrid (CE–SiO2) nanomaterials for low k dielectric applications. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra41144c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Gürşen S, Yıldırım S, Deligöz H. Preparation, characterization and dielectric properties of polycyanurate films cyclotrimerized in the presence of different catalysts. POLYM ENG SCI 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.23303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Davis MC, Guenthner AJ, Groshens TJ, Reams JT, Mabry JM. Polycyanurate networks from anethole dimers: Synthesis and characterization. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.26218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Biju R, Gouri C, Reghunadhan Nair C. Shape memory polymers based on cyanate ester-epoxy-poly (tetramethyleneoxide) co-reacted system. Eur Polym J 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2011.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Guenthner AJ, Lamison KR, Vij V, Reams JT, Yandek GR, Mabry JM. New Insights into Structure–Property Relationships in Thermosetting Polymers from Studies of Cocured Polycyanurate Networks. Macromolecules 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/ma202513h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J. Guenthner
- Propulsion
Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Edwards AFB, California 93524, United States
| | - Kevin R. Lamison
- ERC Incorporated, Air Force Research Laboratory, Edwards AFB, California 93524, United States
| | - Vandana Vij
- ERC Incorporated, Air Force Research Laboratory, Edwards AFB, California 93524, United States
| | - Josiah T. Reams
- National Research Council, Air Force Research Laboratory, Edwards AFB, California
93524, United States
| | - Gregory R. Yandek
- Propulsion
Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Edwards AFB, California 93524, United States
| | - Joseph M. Mabry
- Propulsion
Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Edwards AFB, California 93524, United States
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Zhang Z, Yu R, Wang F, Wang J, Jiao Y. Synthesis and properties of novel 4,4′-biphenylene-bridged flame-retardant cyanate ester resin. J Appl Polym Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/app.34391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Wang F, Wang J, Zhu Y, Zhang Z, Jiao Y. Synthesis and Characterization of a Novel Cyanate Ester Containing Dimethyl Benzene Linkage. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF POLYMER ANALYSIS AND CHARACTERIZATION 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/1023666x.2010.510108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Reactions of nitroxides. Part VIII [1]: nitroxides with a cyanato substituent. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-010-0272-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Sheng X, Akinc M, Kessler MR. The effects of alumina and silica nanoparticles on the cure kinetics of bisphenol E cyanate ester. POLYM ENG SCI 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.21638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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