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Nagarajaiah S, Shivanna Giresha A, Gopala Krishna P, Manikrao Gadewar M, Praveen M, Nanda N, Urs D, Krishnappa Dharmappa K, Mutta Nagabhushana B, Rao S, Mahadeva Swamy M, Venkatesh Yatish K. Anti-oncogenic Potential and Inflammation Modulatory Response of Green Synthesized Biocompatible Silver Nanoparticles. Chem Biodivers 2024; 21:e202301533. [PMID: 38156969 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202301533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
This study presents a novel approach to synthesizing silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) using a solution combustion synthesis (SCS) method with Catharanthus roseus (C. roseus) leaf extract. The NPs were thoroughly characterized through X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Selected area electron diffraction (SAED), elucidating their crystal structure. Notably, the synthesized Ag NPs exhibited a significant dose-dependent decline in viability of the MDA-MB 231 breast cancer cell line, with an IC50 value of 13.3 μg/mL, underscoring their potential as potent anticancer agent. Beyond cytotoxicity, the study pioneers an investigation into the biocompatibility of Ag NPs by blood hemolsysis, providing critical insights into their safety and biomedical applicability. Furthermore, this research uncovers a distinctive facet of Ag NPs, revealing their inhibitory effects on the inflammatory enzyme secretory phospholipase A2 (sPLA2), a recognized biomarker for breast cancer. The demonstrated in vitro and in vivo inhibition of sPLA2 highlights the multifaceted potential of Ag NPs in not only targeting cancer cells but also modulating inflammatory responses associated with breast cancer, positioning the study at the forefront of advancements in nanomedicine and cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shobha Nagarajaiah
- Department of Chemistry, Maharani's Science College for Women, Maharani Cluster University, 560 001, Bengaluru, India
| | - Aladahalli Shivanna Giresha
- Department of Biochemistry, Jain (Deemed-to-be University), School of Science, JC Road, 560 027, Bangalore, India
| | - Prashanth Gopala Krishna
- Research and Development Center, Department of Chemistry, Sir M. Visvesvaraya Institute of Technology, 562 157, Bengaluru, India
| | - Manoj Manikrao Gadewar
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical and Allied Sciences, KR Mangalam University, 122 103, Gurgaon, India
| | - Manjappa Praveen
- Centre for Advanced Materials Technology (CAMT), M.S Ramaiah Institute of Technology, 560 054, Bengaluru, India
| | - Nagappa Nanda
- Department of Chemistry, BMS College of Engineering, 560 019, Bengaluru, India
| | - Deepadarshan Urs
- Inflammation Research Laboratory, Department of Studies and Research in Biochemistry, Mangalore University, Jnana Kaveri Post Graduate Centre, Chikka Aluvara, 571 232, Kodagu, India
| | - Kattepura Krishnappa Dharmappa
- Inflammation Research Laboratory, Department of Studies and Research in Biochemistry, Mangalore University, Jnana Kaveri Post Graduate Centre, Chikka Aluvara, 571 232, Kodagu, India
| | | | - Srilatha Rao
- Department of Chemistry, Nitte Meenakshi Institute of Technology, 560 064, Bengaluru, India
| | - Mallanna Mahadeva Swamy
- Department of PG Chemistry, JSS College of Arts Commerce and Science, 570 025, Mysuru, India
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Castro-Hinojosa C, Del Sol-Fernández S, Moreno-Antolín E, Martín-Gracia B, Ovejero JG, de la Fuente JM, Grazú V, Fratila RM, Moros M. A Simple and Versatile Strategy for Oriented Immobilization of His-Tagged Proteins on Magnetic Nanoparticles. Bioconjug Chem 2023; 34:2275-2292. [PMID: 37882455 PMCID: PMC10739578 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.3c00417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Oriented and covalent immobilization of proteins on magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) is particularly challenging as it requires both the functionality of the protein and the colloidal stability of the MNPs to be preserved. Here, we describe a simple, straightforward, and efficient strategy for MNP functionalization with proteins using metal affinity binding. Our method involves a single-step process where MNPs are functionalized using a preformed, ready-to-use nitrilotriacetic acid-divalent metal cation (NTA-M2+) complex and polyethylene glycol (PEG) molecules. As a proof-of-concept, we demonstrate the oriented immobilization of a recombinant cadherin fragment engineered with a hexahistidine tag (6His-tag) onto the MNPs. Our developed methodology is simple and direct, enabling the oriented bioconjugation of His-tagged cadherins to MNPs while preserving protein functionality and the colloidal stability of the MNPs, and could be extended to other proteins expressing a polyhistidine tag. When compared to the traditional method where NTA is first conjugated to the MNPs and afterward free metal ions are added to form the complex, this novel strategy results in a higher functionalization efficiency while avoiding MNP aggregation. Additionally, our method allows for covalent bonding of the cadherin fragments to the MNP surface while preserving functionality, making it highly versatile. Finally, our strategy not only ensures the correct orientation of the protein fragments on the MNPs but also allows for the precise control of their density. This feature enables the selective targeting of E-cadherin-expressing cells only when MNPs are decorated with a high density of cadherin fragments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Castro-Hinojosa
- Instituto
de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón, INMA (CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza), C/Pedro Cerbuna 12, Zaragoza 50009, Spain
| | - Susel Del Sol-Fernández
- Instituto
de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón, INMA (CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza), C/Pedro Cerbuna 12, Zaragoza 50009, Spain
| | - Eduardo Moreno-Antolín
- Instituto
de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón, INMA (CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza), C/Pedro Cerbuna 12, Zaragoza 50009, Spain
| | - Beatriz Martín-Gracia
- Instituto
de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón, INMA (CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza), C/Pedro Cerbuna 12, Zaragoza 50009, Spain
| | - Jesús G. Ovejero
- Instituto
de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM/CSIC), Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3, Madrid 28049, Spain
- Department
of Dosimetry and Radioprotection, General
University Hospital Gregorio Marañón, Dr Esquerdo 46, Madrid 28007, Spain
| | - Jesús Martínez de la Fuente
- Instituto
de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón, INMA (CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza), C/Pedro Cerbuna 12, Zaragoza 50009, Spain
- Centro
de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Valeria Grazú
- Instituto
de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón, INMA (CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza), C/Pedro Cerbuna 12, Zaragoza 50009, Spain
- Centro
de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Raluca M. Fratila
- Instituto
de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón, INMA (CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza), C/Pedro Cerbuna 12, Zaragoza 50009, Spain
- Centro
de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Madrid 28029, Spain
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Zaragoza, C/Pedro Cerbuna 12, Zaragoza 50009, Spain
| | - María Moros
- Instituto
de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón, INMA (CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza), C/Pedro Cerbuna 12, Zaragoza 50009, Spain
- Centro
de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Madrid 28029, Spain
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3
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Khataminezhad ES, Hajihassan Z, Razi Astaraei F. Magnetically purification/immobilization of poly histidine-tagged proteins by PEGylated magnetic graphene oxide nanocomposites. Protein Expr Purif 2023; 207:106264. [PMID: 36921811 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2023.106264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023]
Abstract
Carbon-based nanomaterials have many applications in biomedicine due to their unique mechanical, chemical, and biological properties. Among them, graphene has received special attention due to its very high specific surface area, high flexibility, and chemical stability. In this study, graphene oxide was first functionalized with amine groups (GO-NH2) and then Fe3O4 nanoparticles were deposited on it using the hydrothermal method. In addition, polyethylene glycol (PEG) was attached to the magnetic graphene nanoparticles to increase their stability and solubility. Finally, PEGylated magnetic graphene nanocomposites were functionalized with nickel-nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA-Ni+2) to bind to the poly-histidine tag in recombinant proteins. The resulting nanocomposites (MG-PEG-NTA-Ni+2) were then used for magnetic immobilization and purification of recombinant β-NGF as a protein with his-tag sequence. Binding and purification were confirmed by FTIR and SDS-PAGE techniques, respectively. Importantly, differentiation of the PC12 cell line into neurons demonstrated that the purified β-NGF was fully functional. Our results suggest that MG-PEG-NTA-Ni+2 nanocomposites may be a suitable alternative to commercial resins for rapid and specific protein immobilization and purification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehteram Sadat Khataminezhad
- Department of Life Science Engineering, Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Hajihassan
- Department of Life Science Engineering, Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Fatemeh Razi Astaraei
- Department of Renewable Energies and Environment, Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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4
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Faraji M, Asnaashariisfahani M, Baharvand H, Fard HK. Decorated magnetic nanoparticles with polyvinyl alcohol brushes modified with metal chelate affinity groups for purification of proteins. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2022; 70:560-567. [PMID: 35723527 DOI: 10.1002/bab.2378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Refining is a serious challenge in the production of recombinant proteins, and this study proposes a new and easy strategy for the synthesis of magnetic affinity nanoparticles. First, the nanoparticles attached to polyvinyl alcohol brushes were synthesized, and then the hydroxyl groups of this polymer were converted to chelate groups. The nanoparticles were examined by (SEM) scanning electron microscopy, (TEM) transmission electron microscopy, (DLS) dynamic light scattering, (FT-IR) Fourier transform infrared, (XRD) X-ray powder diffraction, (VSM) vibrating sample magnetometry, and (TGA) thermal gravimetric analysis. The results confirm that uniform and spherical magnetic polymer nanoparticles with high magnetization and superparamagnetic properties were successfully synthesized. The S100A9 protein, a His-tagged recombinant protein, was expressed and purified using the synthesized nanoparticles. According to the (SDS-PAGE) sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis results, there is a high degree of resolution in protein separation. The synthesized nanoparticles have a high protein binding capacity of about 208 mg of protein per gram of nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maedeh Faraji
- Department of Chemistry, Islamic Azad University, North Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Habibollah Baharvand
- Faculty of Polymer Science, Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute, P.O. Box: 112/14975, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hassan Kabiri Fard
- Department of Chemistry, Islamic Azad University, North Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran
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5
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Xu YP, Zhou HY, Wang GC, Zhang Y, Yang T, Zhao Y, Li RT, Zhang RR, Guo Y, Wang X, Li XF, Qin CF, Tang R. Rational Design of a Replication-Competent and Inheritable Magnetic Viruses for Targeting Biomedical Applications. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e2002435. [PMID: 32954651 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202002435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Infection with live-attenuated vaccines always inevitably induces side effects that reduce their safety. This study suggests a concept of magnetic virus produced by genetically modifying viral surfaces with Fe3 O4 nanoparticles (NPs) to control their tropisms. An iron-affinity peptide is designed to be displayed on the viral surface protein (VP1) of human enterovirus type 71 (EV71), a typical nonenveloped picornavirus, as the model. The modified EV71 can self-bind with Fe3 O4 NPs under physiological conditions, resulting in novel EV71-Fe3 O4 hybrid materials. This rationally engineered EV71 with Fe3 O4 retains its original biological infectivity, but its tropism can be precisely controlled by magnetism. Both in vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrate that EV71-Fe3 O4 can infect only a desired area within the limit of the applied magnetic field, which effectively reduces its pathological damage. More importantly, this characteristic of EV71 can be inherited due to the gene-induced coassembly of viruses and NPs. This achievement provides a proof of concept in virus vaccine improvement by a combination of gene modification and material incorporation, leading to great potential for biomedical developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Peng Xu
- Center for Biomaterials and Biopathways Depart of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310027, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Hang-Yu Zhou
- Center for Biomaterials and Biopathways Depart of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310027, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100071, China
- Suzhou Institute of System Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Guang-Chuan Wang
- Center for Biomaterials and Biopathways Depart of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310027, China
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Ying Zhang
- Center for Biomaterials and Biopathways Depart of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310027, China
| | - Tianxu Yang
- Center for Biomaterials and Biopathways Depart of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310027, China
| | - Yueqi Zhao
- Center for Biomaterials and Biopathways Depart of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310027, China
| | - Rui-Ting Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Rong-Rong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Yan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- Center for Biomaterials and Biopathways Depart of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310027, China
- Qiushi Academy for Advanced Studies, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310027, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Cheng-Feng Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Ruikang Tang
- Center for Biomaterials and Biopathways Depart of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310027, China
- Qiushi Academy for Advanced Studies, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310027, China
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6
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González-García E, Marina ML, García MC. Nanomaterials in Protein Sample Preparation. SEPARATION & PURIFICATION REVIEWS 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/15422119.2019.1581216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Estefanía González-García
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Química Física e Ingeniería Química, Instituto de Investigación Química “Andrés M. del Río” (IQAR), Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Luisa Marina
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Química Física e Ingeniería Química, Instituto de Investigación Química “Andrés M. del Río” (IQAR), Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Concepción García
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Química Física e Ingeniería Química, Instituto de Investigación Química “Andrés M. del Río” (IQAR), Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
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7
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Lee C, Jeong J, Lee T, Zhang W, Xu L, Choi JE, Park JH, Song JK, Jang S, Eom CY, Shim K, Seong Soo AA, Kang YS, Kwak M, Jeon HJ, Go JS, Suh YD, Jin JO, Paik HJ. Virus-mimetic polymer nanoparticles displaying hemagglutinin as an adjuvant-free influenza vaccine. Biomaterials 2018; 183:234-242. [PMID: 30176403 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.08.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 08/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The generation of virus-mimetic nanoparticles has received much attention in developing a new vaccine for overcoming the limitations of current vaccines. Thus, a method, encompassing most viral features for their size, hydrophobic domain and antigen display, would represent a meaningful direction for the vaccine development. In the present study, a polymer-templated protein nanoball with direction oriented hemagglutinin1 on its surface (H1-NB) was prepared as a new influenza vaccine, exhibiting most of the viral features. Moreover, the concentrations of antigen on the particle surface were controlled, and its effect on immunogenicity was estimated by in vivo studies. Finally, H1-NB efficiently promoted H1-specific immune activation and cross-protective activities, which consequently prevented H1N1 infections in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaeyeon Lee
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Jonghwa Jeong
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Taeheon Lee
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Wei Zhang
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Li Xu
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Ji Eun Choi
- Research Center for Bio-based Chemistry, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hyun Park
- Research Center for Bio-based Chemistry, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Kwang Song
- Research Center for Bio-based Chemistry, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Sinae Jang
- Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Seoul, 02481, Republic of Korea
| | - Chi-Yong Eom
- Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Seoul, 02481, Republic of Korea
| | - KyuHwan Shim
- Department of Bionano Technology, Gachon University, Sungnam, 461-701, Republic of Korea
| | - A An Seong Soo
- Department of Bionano Technology, Gachon University, Sungnam, 461-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Sun Kang
- Department of Biomedical Science & Technology (DBST), College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, 27478, Republic of Korea
| | - Minseok Kwak
- Department of Chemistry, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeong Jin Jeon
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeung Sang Go
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Yung Doug Suh
- Laboratory for Advanced Molecular Probing (LAMP), Research Center for Convergence Nanotechnology, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-O Jin
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China; Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, South Korea.
| | - Hyun-Jong Paik
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea.
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8
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Cao G, Gao J, Zhou L, Huang Z, He Y, Zhu M, Jiang Y. Fabrication of Ni 2+ -nitrilotriacetic acid functionalized magnetic mesoporous silica nanoflowers for one pot purification and immobilization of His-tagged ω-transaminase. Biochem Eng J 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2017.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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9
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Rashid Z, Naeimi H, Zarnani AH, Mohammadi F, Ghahremanzadeh R. Facile fabrication of nickel immobilized on magnetic nanoparticles as an efficient affinity adsorbent for purification of his-tagged protein. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2017; 80:670-676. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2017.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Revised: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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10
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Hakani M, Haddadi-Asl V, Zargarian SS, Moghadasi MH. Preparation of hydrophilic blood compatible polypropylene/pluronics F127 films. J Biomed Mater Res A 2017; 106:652-662. [PMID: 29027360 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2017] [Revised: 08/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
In order to improve surface hydrophilicity, blood compatibility and cell-antiadhesion of polypropylene (PP) film, polypropylene oxide (PPO)-polyethylene oxide-PPO used as macromolecular surface modifier through physical blending. Surface properties of blended PP/Pluronic F127 (PF127) samples were investigated by attenuated total reflection infrared spectroscopy and water contact angle measurements. Results demonstrated that PF127 migrated to the surface. Thus, mechanical properties of blended PP/PF127 samples with the aim of the revealing the effects of the presence of modifier in the bulk were investigated through differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray diffraction, and tensile tests. The biocompatibility and hemocompatibility of modified PP films were evaluated by 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, platelet-rich plasma, and hemolysis tests. These results showed excellent anticell and antiplatelet adhesion which deems the prepared blended films proper biomaterials. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 106A: 652-662, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Hakani
- Department of Polymer Engineering and Color Technology, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahid Haddadi-Asl
- Department of Polymer Engineering and Color Technology, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Shahrooz Zargarian
- Department of Polymer Engineering and Color Technology, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohamad Hossein Moghadasi
- Department of Medical laboratory, Labbafinejad Hospital, Iranian Social Security Organization, Tehran, Iran
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11
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Application of magneto‐responsive Oenococcus oeni for the malolactic fermentation in wine. Biochem Eng J 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2016.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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12
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Rashid Z, Naeimi H, Zarnani AH, Nazari M, Nejadmoghaddam MR, Ghahremanzadeh R. Fast and highly efficient purification of 6×histidine-tagged recombinant proteins by Ni-decorated MnFe2O4@SiO2@NH2@2AB as novel and efficient affinity adsorbent magnetic nanoparticles. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra25949e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A fast, convenient, and inexpensive method for the preparation of MnFe2O4@SiO2@NH2@2AB-Ni magnetic nanoparticles as an efficient and novel affinity adsorbent for the highly specific capture of 6×histidine-tagged recombinant protein-A is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Rashid
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- Faculty of Chemistry
- University of Kashan
- Kashan
- I. R. Iran
| | - Hossein Naeimi
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- Faculty of Chemistry
- University of Kashan
- Kashan
- I. R. Iran
| | - Amir-Hassan Zarnani
- Reproductive Immunology Research Center
- Avicenna Research Institute
- ACECR
- Tehran
- Iran
| | - Mahboobeh Nazari
- Nanobiotechnology Research Center
- Avicenna Research Institute
- ACECR
- Tehran
- Iran
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13
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Bloemen M, Vanpraet L, Ceulemans M, Parac-Vogt TN, Clays K, Geukens N, Gils A, Verbiest T. Selective protein purification by PEG–IDA-functionalized iron oxide nanoparticles. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra11614g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A new heterobifunctional PEG ligand was developed for efficient magnetic purification of His-tagged proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Bloemen
- KU Leuven
- Department of Chemistry
- 3001 Heverlee
- Belgium
| | - L. Vanpraet
- KU Leuven
- Department of Chemistry
- 3001 Heverlee
- Belgium
| | - M. Ceulemans
- KU Leuven
- Department of Chemistry
- 3001 Heverlee
- Belgium
| | | | - K. Clays
- KU Leuven
- Department of Chemistry
- 3001 Heverlee
- Belgium
| | - N. Geukens
- PharmAbs
- The KU Leuven Antibody Center
- KU Leuven
- 3000 Leuven
- Belgium
| | - A. Gils
- KU Leuven
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences
- 3000 Leuven
- Belgium
| | - T. Verbiest
- KU Leuven
- Department of Chemistry
- 3001 Heverlee
- Belgium
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Lee J, Chang JH. Facile and high-efficient immobilization of histidine-tagged multimeric protein G on magnetic nanoparticles. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2014; 9:664. [PMID: 25593554 PMCID: PMC4277612 DOI: 10.1186/1556-276x-9-664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/04/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This work reports the high-efficient and one-step immobilization of multimeric protein G on magnetic nanoparticles. The histidine-tagged (His-tag) recombinant multimeric protein G was overexpressed in Escherichia coli BL21 by the repeated linking of protein G monomers with a flexible linker. High-efficient immobilization on magnetic nanoparticles was demonstrated by two different preparation methods through the amino-silane and chloro-silane functionalization on silica-coated magnetic nanoparticles. Three kinds of multimeric protein G such as His-tag monomer, dimer, and trimer were tested for immobilization efficiency. For these tests, bicinchoninic acid (BCA) assay was employed to determine the amount of immobilized His-tag multimeric protein G. The result showed that the immobilization efficiency of the His-tag multimeric protein G of the monomer, dimer, and trimer was increased with the use of chloro-silane-functionalized magnetic nanoparticles in the range of 98% to 99%, rather than the use of amino-silane-functionalized magnetic nanoparticles in the range of 55% to 77%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiho Lee
- Korea Institute of Ceramic Engineering and Technology, Seoul 153-801, South Korea
| | - Jeong Ho Chang
- Korea Institute of Ceramic Engineering and Technology, Seoul 153-801, South Korea
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15
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Wani KD, Kadu BS, Mansara P, Gupta P, Deore AV, Chikate RC, Poddar P, Dhole SD, Kaul-Ghanekar R. Synthesis, characterization and in vitro study of biocompatible cinnamaldehyde functionalized magnetite nanoparticles (CPGF Nps) for hyperthermia and drug delivery applications in breast cancer. PLoS One 2014; 9:e107315. [PMID: 25268975 PMCID: PMC4182032 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0107315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Accepted: 08/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Cinnamaldehyde, the bioactive component of the spice cinnamon, and its derivatives have been shown to possess anti-cancer activity against various cancer cell lines. However, its hydrophobic nature invites attention for efficient drug delivery systems that would enhance the bioavailability of cinnamaldehyde without affecting its bioactivity. Here, we report the synthesis of stable aqueous suspension of cinnamaldehyde tagged Fe3O4 nanoparticles capped with glycine and pluronic polymer (CPGF NPs) for their potential application in drug delivery and hyperthermia in breast cancer. The monodispersed superparamagnetic NPs had an average particulate size of ∼ 20 nm. TGA data revealed the drug payload of ∼ 18%. Compared to the free cinnamaldehyde, CPGF NPs reduced the viability of breast cancer cell lines, MCF7 and MDAMB231, at lower doses of cinnamaldehyde suggesting its increased bioavailability and in turn its therapeutic efficacy in the cells. Interestingly, the NPs were non-toxic to the non-cancerous HEK293 and MCF10A cell lines compared to the free cinnamaldehyde. The novelty of CPGF nanoparticulate system was that it could induce cytotoxicity in both ER/PR positive/Her2 negative (MCF7) and ER/PR negative/Her2 negative (MDAMB231) breast cancer cells, the latter being insensitive to most of the chemotherapeutic drugs. The NPs decreased the growth of the breast cancer cells in a dose-dependent manner and altered their migration through reduction in MMP-2 expression. CPGF NPs also decreased the expression of VEGF, an important oncomarker of tumor angiogenesis. They induced apoptosis in breast cancer cells through loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and activation of caspase-3. Interestingly, upon exposure to the radiofrequency waves, the NPs heated up to 41.6 °C within 1 min, suggesting their promise as a magnetic hyperthermia agent. All these findings indicate that CPGF NPs prove to be potential nano-chemotherapeutic agents in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirtee D. Wani
- Cell and Translational Research Laboratory, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs (IRSHA), Bharati Vidyapeeth University Medical College Campus, Dhankawadi, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Brijesh S. Kadu
- Nanoscience Group, Department of Chemistry, Post-graduate and Research Center, MES Abasaheb Garware College, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Prakash Mansara
- Cell and Translational Research Laboratory, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs (IRSHA), Bharati Vidyapeeth University Medical College Campus, Dhankawadi, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Preeti Gupta
- Physical and Material Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Avinash V. Deore
- Department of Physics, University of Pune, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Rajeev C. Chikate
- Nanoscience Group, Department of Chemistry, Post-graduate and Research Center, MES Abasaheb Garware College, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Pankaj Poddar
- Physical and Material Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sanjay D. Dhole
- Department of Physics, University of Pune, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Ruchika Kaul-Ghanekar
- Cell and Translational Research Laboratory, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs (IRSHA), Bharati Vidyapeeth University Medical College Campus, Dhankawadi, Pune, Maharashtra, India
- * E-mail:
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Quaresma P, Osório I, Dória G, Carvalho PA, Pereira A, Langer J, Araújo JP, Pastoriza-Santos I, Liz-Marzán LM, Franco R, Baptista PV, Pereira E. Star-shaped magnetite@gold nanoparticles for protein magnetic separation and SERS detection. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra46762g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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17
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Kim E, Lee SG, Kim HC, Lee SJ, Baek CS, Choi ES, Jeong SW. Phosphocholine-Modified Magnetic Nanoparticles for Isolation of C-Reactive Protein from Human Serum. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/01496395.2013.807516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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18
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Zhang M, Zhang X, He X, Chen L, Zhang Y. A self-assembled polydopamine film on the surface of magnetic nanoparticles for specific capture of protein. NANOSCALE 2012; 4:3141-7. [PMID: 22535306 DOI: 10.1039/c2nr30316g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we report a facile method for the preparation of core-shell magnetic molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) for protein recognition. Uniform carboxyl group functionalized Fe(3)O(4) nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized using a solvothermal method. Magnetic MIPs were synthesized by self-polymerization of dopamine in the presence of template protein on the surface of the Fe(3)O(4) NPs. A thin layer of polydopamine can be coated on Fe(3)O(4) NPs via dopamine self-polymerization and the imprinted polydopamine shells can be controlled by the mass ratio of Fe(3)O(4) NPs and dopamine. More importantly, there is a critical value of polydopamine shell thickness for the maximum rebinding capacity. The as-prepared lysozyme-imprinted Fe(3)O(4)@polydopamine NPs show high binding capacity and acceptable specific recognition behavior towards template proteins. This method provides the possibility for the separation and enrichment of abundant proteins in proteomic analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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20
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Chen Y, Jiang P, Liu S, Zhao H, Cui Y, Qin S. Purification of 6×His-tagged phycobiliprotein using zinc-decorated silica-coated magnetic nanoparticles. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2011; 879:993-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2011.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2010] [Revised: 03/02/2011] [Accepted: 03/03/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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21
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Xu F, Geiger JH, Baker GL, Bruening ML. Polymer brush-modified magnetic nanoparticles for His-tagged protein purification. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2011; 27:3106-12. [PMID: 21338107 PMCID: PMC3153590 DOI: 10.1021/la1050404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Growth of poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) brushes on magnetic nanoparticles and subsequent brush functionalization with nitrilotriacetate-Ni(2+) yield magnetic beads that selectively capture polyhistidine-tagged (His-tagged) protein directly from cell extracts. Transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and magnetization measurements confirm and quantify the formation of the brushes on magnetic particles, and multilayer protein adsorption to these brushes results in binding capacities (220 mg BSA/g of beads and 245 mg His-tagged ubiquitin/g of beads) that are an order of magnitude greater than those of commercial magnetic beads. Moreover, the functionalized beads selectively capture His-tagged protein within 5 min. The high binding capacity and protein purity along with efficient protein capture in a short incubation time make brush-modified particles attractive for purification of recombinant proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Merlin L. Bruening
- The author to whom correspondence should be addressed. . Tel: (517) 355-9715, ext. 237. Fax: (517) 353-1793
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22
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Facile synthesis of metal-chelating magnetic nanoparticles by exploiting organophosphorus coupling. Anal Biochem 2011; 408:175-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2010.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2010] [Revised: 09/08/2010] [Accepted: 09/09/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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23
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Gao R, Kong X, Wang X, He X, Chen L, Zhang Y. Preparation and characterization of uniformly sized molecularly imprinted polymers functionalized with core–shell magnetic nanoparticles for the recognition and enrichment of protein. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c1jm12414e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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24
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Ha EJ, Kim YJ, An SSA, Kim YR, Lee JO, Lee SG, Paik HJ. Purification of His-tagged proteins using Ni2+–poly(2-acetamidoacrylic acid) hydrogel. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2008; 876:8-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2008.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2008] [Revised: 10/02/2008] [Accepted: 10/06/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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25
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Wu PC, Su CH, Cheng FY, Weng JC, Chen JH, Tsai TL, Yeh CS, Su WC, Hwu JR, Tzeng Y, Shieh DB. Modularly Assembled Magnetite Nanoparticles Enhance in Vivo Targeting for Magnetic Resonance Cancer Imaging. Bioconjug Chem 2008; 19:1972-9. [DOI: 10.1021/bc800092w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ping-Ching Wu
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Interdisciplinary MRI/MRS Laboratory, Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 112, Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan 704, Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Department of Electrical Engineering and Institute of Innovation and Advanced Studies, National Cheng Kung University College
| | - Chia-Hao Su
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Interdisciplinary MRI/MRS Laboratory, Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 112, Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan 704, Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Department of Electrical Engineering and Institute of Innovation and Advanced Studies, National Cheng Kung University College
| | - Fong-Yu Cheng
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Interdisciplinary MRI/MRS Laboratory, Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 112, Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan 704, Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Department of Electrical Engineering and Institute of Innovation and Advanced Studies, National Cheng Kung University College
| | - Jun-Cheng Weng
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Interdisciplinary MRI/MRS Laboratory, Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 112, Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan 704, Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Department of Electrical Engineering and Institute of Innovation and Advanced Studies, National Cheng Kung University College
| | - Jyh-Horng Chen
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Interdisciplinary MRI/MRS Laboratory, Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 112, Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan 704, Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Department of Electrical Engineering and Institute of Innovation and Advanced Studies, National Cheng Kung University College
| | - Tsung-Lin Tsai
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Interdisciplinary MRI/MRS Laboratory, Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 112, Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan 704, Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Department of Electrical Engineering and Institute of Innovation and Advanced Studies, National Cheng Kung University College
| | - Chen-Sheng Yeh
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Interdisciplinary MRI/MRS Laboratory, Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 112, Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan 704, Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Department of Electrical Engineering and Institute of Innovation and Advanced Studies, National Cheng Kung University College
| | - Wu-Chou Su
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Interdisciplinary MRI/MRS Laboratory, Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 112, Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan 704, Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Department of Electrical Engineering and Institute of Innovation and Advanced Studies, National Cheng Kung University College
| | - Jih Ru Hwu
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Interdisciplinary MRI/MRS Laboratory, Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 112, Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan 704, Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Department of Electrical Engineering and Institute of Innovation and Advanced Studies, National Cheng Kung University College
| | - Yonhua Tzeng
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Interdisciplinary MRI/MRS Laboratory, Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 112, Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan 704, Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Department of Electrical Engineering and Institute of Innovation and Advanced Studies, National Cheng Kung University College
| | - Dar-Bin Shieh
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Interdisciplinary MRI/MRS Laboratory, Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 112, Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan 704, Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Department of Electrical Engineering and Institute of Innovation and Advanced Studies, National Cheng Kung University College
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26
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Aubin-Tam ME, Hamad-Schifferli K. Structure and function of nanoparticle–protein conjugates. Biomed Mater 2008; 3:034001. [DOI: 10.1088/1748-6041/3/3/034001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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