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Kunachowicz D, Kłosowska K, Sobczak N, Kepinska M. Applicability of Quantum Dots in Breast Cancer Diagnostic and Therapeutic Modalities-A State-of-the-Art Review. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:1424. [PMID: 39269086 PMCID: PMC11396817 DOI: 10.3390/nano14171424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2024] [Revised: 08/27/2024] [Accepted: 08/28/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024]
Abstract
The increasing incidence of breast cancers (BCs) in the world population and their complexity and high metastatic ability are serious concerns for healthcare systems. Despite the significant progress in medicine made in recent decades, the efficient treatment of invasive cancers still remains challenging. Chemotherapy, a fundamental systemic treatment method, is burdened with severe adverse effects, with efficacy limited by resistance development and risk of disease recurrence. Also, current diagnostic methods have certain drawbacks, attracting attention to the idea of developing novel, more sensitive detection and therapeutic modalities. It seems the solution for these issues can be provided by nanotechnology. Particularly, quantum dots (QDs) have been extensively evaluated as potential targeted drug delivery vehicles and, simultaneously, sensing and bioimaging probes. These fluorescent nanoparticles offer unlimited possibilities of surface modifications, allowing for the attachment of biomolecules, such as antibodies or proteins, and drug molecules, among others. In this work, we discuss the potential applicability of QDs in breast cancer diagnostics and treatment in light of the current knowledge. We begin with introducing the molecular and histopathological features of BCs, standard therapeutic regimens, and current diagnostic methods. Further, the features of QDs, along with their uptake, biodistribution patterns, and cytotoxicity, are described. Based on the reports published in recent years, we present the progress in research on possible QD use in improving BC diagnostics and treatment efficacy as chemotherapeutic delivery vehicles and photosensitizing agents, along with the stages of their development. We also address limitations and open questions regarding this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Kunachowicz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211A, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Karolina Kłosowska
- Students' Scientific Association at the Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry (SKN No. 214), Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211A, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Natalia Sobczak
- Students' Scientific Association of Biomedical and Environmental Analyses (SKN No. 85), Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211A, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Marta Kepinska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211A, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
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Omidian H, Wilson RL, Cubeddu LX. Quantum Dot Research in Breast Cancer: Challenges and Prospects. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:2152. [PMID: 38730959 PMCID: PMC11085412 DOI: 10.3390/ma17092152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
The multifaceted role of quantum dots (QDs) in breast cancer research highlights significant advancements in diagnostics, targeted therapy, and drug delivery systems. This comprehensive review addresses the development of precise imaging techniques for early cancer detection and the use of QDs in enhancing the specificity of therapeutic delivery, particularly in challenging cases like triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). The paper also discusses the critical understanding of QDs' interactions with cancer cells, offering insights into their potential for inducing cytotoxic effects and facilitating gene therapy. Limitations such as biocompatibility, toxicity concerns, and the transition from laboratory to clinical practice are critically analyzed. Future directions emphasize safer, non-toxic QD development, improved targeting mechanisms, and the integration of QDs into personalized medicine, aiming to overcome the current challenges and enhance breast cancer management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Omidian
- Barry and Judy Silverman College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA; (R.L.W.); (L.X.C.)
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Hafez AA, Salimi A, Jamali Z, Shabani M, Sheikhghaderi H. Overview of the application of inorganic nanomaterials in breast cancer diagnosis. INORG NANO-MET CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/24701556.2021.2025085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Asghar Ashrafi Hafez
- Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Salimi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
- Traditional Medicine and Hydrotherapy Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Zhaleh Jamali
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Mohammad Shabani
- Student Research Committee, School of Pharmacy, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Hiva Sheikhghaderi
- Student Research Committee, School of Paramedical, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
- Bukan Shahid Gholipour Hospital, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Bukan, Iran
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Juan A, Cimas FJ, Bravo I, Pandiella A, Ocaña A, Alonso-Moreno C. Antibody Conjugation of Nanoparticles as Therapeutics for Breast Cancer Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E6018. [PMID: 32825618 PMCID: PMC7504566 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common invasive tumor in women and the second leading cause of cancer-related death. Nanomedicine raises high expectations for millions of patients as it can provide better, more efficient, and affordable healthcare, and it has the potential to develop novel therapeutics for the treatment of solid tumors. In this regard, targeted therapies can be encapsulated into nanocarriers, and these nanovehicles are guided to the tumors through conjugation with antibodies-the so-called antibody-conjugated nanoparticles (ACNPs). ACNPs can preserve the chemical structure of drugs, deliver them in a controlled manner, and reduce toxicity. As certain breast cancer subtypes and indications have limited therapeutic options, this field provides hope for the future treatment of patients with difficult to treat breast cancers. In this review, we discuss the application of ACNPs for the treatment of this disease. Given the fact that ACNPs have shown clinical activity in this clinical setting, special emphasis on the role of the nanovehicles and their translation to the clinic is placed on the revision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Juan
- Oncología Traslacional, Unidad de Investigación del Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Albacete, 02008 Albacete, Spain; (A.J.); (F.J.C.)
- Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Unidad NanoCRIB, 02008 Albacete, Spain;
| | - Francisco J. Cimas
- Oncología Traslacional, Unidad de Investigación del Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Albacete, 02008 Albacete, Spain; (A.J.); (F.J.C.)
- Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Unidad Oncología Traslacional, 02071 Albacete, Spain
| | - Iván Bravo
- Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Unidad NanoCRIB, 02008 Albacete, Spain;
| | - Atanasio Pandiella
- Centro de Investigación del Cáncer-CSIC, IBSAL- Salamanca and CIBERONC, 37007 Salamanca, Spain;
| | - Alberto Ocaña
- Oncología Traslacional, Unidad de Investigación del Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Albacete, 02008 Albacete, Spain; (A.J.); (F.J.C.)
- Experimental Therapeutics Unit, Hospital clínico San Carlos, IdISSC and CIBERONC, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Alonso-Moreno
- Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Unidad NanoCRIB, 02008 Albacete, Spain;
- School of Pharmacy, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 02008 Albacete, Spain
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Prognostic Significance of the Tumor-Stromal Ratio in Invasive Breast Cancer and a Proposal of a New Ts-TNM Staging System. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2020; 2020:9050631. [PMID: 32377197 PMCID: PMC7191412 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9050631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background Previous studies have demonstrated that the tumor-stromal ratio (TSR) was an independent prognostic factor in several types of carcinomas. This study aimed at exploring the prognostic significance of the TSR in invasive breast cancer using immunohistochemistry (IHC)-stained tissue microarrays (TMAs) and integrating the TSR into the traditional tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) staging system. Methods The prepared 7 TMAs containing 240 patients with 480 invasive BC specimens were stained with cytokeratin (CK) by the IHC staining method. The ratio of tumor cells and stromal cells was visually assessed. TSR > 1 and TSR ≤ 1 were categorized as the high TSR (low stroma) and low TSR (high stroma) groups, respectively, and the prognostic value of the TSR at 5-year disease-free survival (5-DFS) was analyzed. A new Ts-TNM (tumor stroma-tumor-node-metastasis) staging system was established and assessed. Results IHC staining of CK could specifically label tumor cells with clear contrast, making it easy to manually assess TSR. High TSR (low stroma) and low TSR (high stroma) were observed in 52.5% (n = 126) and 47.5 (n = 114) of the cases, according to the division of value 1. A Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that patients in the low TSR group had a worse 5-DFS compared with patients in the high TSR group (P=0.022). Multivariable analysis indicated that the T stage (P=0.014), N status (P < 0.001), histological grade (P < 0.001), estrogen receptor status (P=0.015), and TSR (P=0.011) were independent prognostic factors of invasive BC patients. The new Ts-TNM staging system combining TSR, tumor staging, lymph node status, and metastasis staging was established. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis demonstrated that the ability of the Ts-TNM staging system to predict recurrence was not lower than that of the TNM staging system. Conclusions This study confirms that the TSR is a prognostic indicator for invasive breast cancer. The Ts-TNM staging system containing stromal and tumor information may optimize risk stratification for invasive breast cancer.
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Liu SL, Wang ZG, Xie HY, Liu AA, Lamb DC, Pang DW. Single-Virus Tracking: From Imaging Methodologies to Virological Applications. Chem Rev 2020; 120:1936-1979. [PMID: 31951121 PMCID: PMC7075663 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Uncovering
the mechanisms of virus infection and assembly is crucial
for preventing the spread of viruses and treating viral disease. The
technique of single-virus tracking (SVT), also known as single-virus
tracing, allows one to follow individual viruses at different parts
of their life cycle and thereby provides dynamic insights into fundamental
processes of viruses occurring in live cells. SVT is typically based
on fluorescence imaging and reveals insights into previously unreported
infection mechanisms. In this review article, we provide the readers
a broad overview of the SVT technique. We first summarize recent advances
in SVT, from the choice of fluorescent labels and labeling strategies
to imaging implementation and analytical methodologies. We then describe
representative applications in detail to elucidate how SVT serves
as a valuable tool in virological research. Finally, we present our
perspectives regarding the future possibilities and challenges of
SVT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Lin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Research Center for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry, and School of Medicine , Nankai University , Tianjin 300071 , P. R. China.,Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry , China University of Geosciences , Wuhan 430074 , P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Gang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Research Center for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry, and School of Medicine , Nankai University , Tianjin 300071 , P. R. China
| | - Hai-Yan Xie
- School of Life Science , Beijing Institute of Technology , Beijing 100081 , P. R. China
| | - An-An Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Research Center for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry, and School of Medicine , Nankai University , Tianjin 300071 , P. R. China
| | - Don C Lamb
- Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Center for Nanoscience (CeNS), and Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich (CIPSM) and Nanosystems Initiative Munich (NIM) , Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität , München , 81377 , Germany
| | - Dai-Wen Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Research Center for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry, and School of Medicine , Nankai University , Tianjin 300071 , P. R. China.,College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Virology, The Institute for Advanced Studies, and Wuhan Institute of Biotechnology , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , P. R. China
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Abstract
Quantum dots have attracted a great deal of attention among researchers in optical imaging because of their unique physicochemical properties. Their adjustable size allows quantum dots to emit visible fluorescence with different wavelengths excited by a single light source, allowing them to play an unmatched role in multitarget simultaneous multicolor imaging of tissues and cells compared with other molecular biotechnologies and traditional fluorescent materials. This technology affords real-time observation in situ of multiple biomarkers, allowing us to quantify their expression levels, and helping us to gain a deeper understanding of the interactions among biomolecules and the relationship between biomolecules and disease occurrence, progression, and prognosis. This has potential to aid in clinical diagnosis and treatment decision making.
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Chen Y, Yang L, Liu J, Chen Z. Estrogen conjugated fluorescent silica nanoparticles as optical probes for breast cancer cells imaging. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2019; 13:044113. [PMID: 31531151 PMCID: PMC6735662 DOI: 10.1063/1.5117769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescent nanoparticles are promising tools for living cancer cell imaging and cancer targeting. In this study, estrogen conjugated dye-doped fluorescent nanoparticles (estrogen conjugated FNPs) were synthesized and characterized. The functionalized nanoparticles with low toxicity have shown high selectivity and sensitivity toward target cells. Based on the specific recognition between the estrogen and the estrogen receptor, estrogen conjugated FNPs have been employed as optical probes for specific targeting of estrogen receptor-positive cancer cells with fluorescence microscopy imaging technology. The results demonstrate that the estrogen conjugated FNPs can effectively recognize breast cancer cells with good sensitivity and exceptional photostability, which would offer a novel approach for the diagnosis of breast cancer cells, as well as a new method in detecting estrogen receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and
Drug Discovery (Wuhan University), Ministry of Education, and Wuhan University School of
Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Zilin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and
Drug Discovery (Wuhan University), Ministry of Education, and Wuhan University School of
Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
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Zhu YY, Chen C, Li JJ, Sun SR. The prognostic value of quantitative analysis of CCL5 and collagen IV in luminal B (HER2-) subtype breast cancer by quantum-dot-based molecular imaging. Int J Nanomedicine 2018; 13:3795-3803. [PMID: 29988769 PMCID: PMC6030937 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s159585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Breast cancer is the most common malignancy and one of the main causes of death in women. Luminal B (HER2−) breast cancer subtype has been proposed since the 2011 St Gallon consensus. The hormone receptor status in this type of breast cancer is positive; thus, endocrine therapy was performed in all cases, but the treatment was not satisfactory, and a significant number of cases received very little benefit from chemotherapy. Furthermore, there is no effective treatment target for this subtype. Luminal B (HER2−) breast cancer subtype has been proposed since the 2011 St Gallon consensus. Therefore, the study of the key molecules in the microenvironment of breast cancer can help to reveal the biological characteristics. Patients and methods Luminal B (HER2−) breast cancer is a subtype with higher heterogeneity and poorer prognosis than luminal A. It is known that the development of cancer cells is an active process, and this process needs microenvironment cytokines, including chemokine (C–C motif) ligand 5 (CCL5) and collagen IV. Therefore, CCL5 and collagen IV were imaged and detected by quantum dot, and the CCL5/collagen IV ratio was calculated to investigate the prognostic value of the CCL5/collagen IV ratio in luminal B (HER2−). Results Quantitative determination showed a statistically significant negative correlation between CCL5 and collagen IV. The 5-year disease-free survival (5-DFS) of the high and low CCL5/collagen IV ratio subgroups was significantly different. The CCL5/collagen IV ratio had a greater prognostic value for 5-DFS. The CCL5/collagen IV ratio was an independent prognostic indicator. Conclusion Our findings revealed the effective integration of tumor CCL5 and collagen IV, and a new method for predicting the prognosis of luminal B (HER2−) has been developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Yun Zhu
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Wuhu Second People's Hospital, Wuhu, Anhui 24100, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuang Chen
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, People's Republic of China,
| | - Juan-Juan Li
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, People's Republic of China,
| | - Sheng-Rong Sun
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, People's Republic of China,
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Pérez-Treviño P, la Cerda HHD, Pérez-Treviño J, Fajardo-Ramírez OR, García N, Altamirano J. 3D Imaging Detection of HER2 Based in the Use of Novel Affibody-Quantum Dots Probes and Ratiometric Analysis. Transl Oncol 2018; 11:672-685. [PMID: 29627705 PMCID: PMC6053773 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2018.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with breast cancer (BC) overexpressing HER2 (HER2+) are selected for Trastuzumab treatment, which blocks HER2 and improves cancer prognosis. However, HER2+ diagnosis, by the gold standard, immunohistochemistry, could lead to errors, associated to: a) variability in sample manipulation (thin 2D sections), b) use of subjective algorithms, and c) heterogeneity of HER2 expression within the tissue. Therefore, we explored HER2 3D detection by multiplexed imaging of Affibody-Quantum Dots conjugates (Aff-QD), ratiometric analysis (RMAFI) and thresholding, using BC multicellular tumor spheroids (BC-MTS) (~120 μm of diameter) as 3D model of BC. HER2+, HER2- and hybrid HER2+/- BC-MTS (mimicking heterogeneous tissue) were incubated simultaneously with two Aff-QD probes (anti-HER2 and negative control (NC), respectively, (1:1)). Confocal XY sections were recorded along the Z distance, and processed by automatized RMAFI (anti-HER2 Aff-QD/ NC). Quantifying the NC fluorescence allowed to predict the fraction of non-specific accumulation of the anti-HER2 probe within the thick sample, and resolve the specific HER2 level. HER2 was detected up to 30μm within intact BC-MTS, however, permeabilization improved detection up to 70μm. Specific HER2 signal was objectively quantified, and HER2 3D-density of 9.2, 48.3 and 30.8% were obtained in HER2-, HER2+ and hybrid HER2+/- permeabilized BC-MTS, respectively. Therefore, by combining the multiplexing capacity of Aff-QD probes and RMAFI, we overcame the challenge of non-specific probe accumulation in 3D samples with minimal processing, yielding a fast, specific spatial HER2 detection and objective quantification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Perla Pérez-Treviño
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina, Av. Morones Prieto No. 3000 Pte., Monterrey, NL, Mexico, 64710
| | | | - Jorge Pérez-Treviño
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina, Av. Morones Prieto No. 3000 Pte., Monterrey, NL, Mexico, 64710
| | - Oscar Raúl Fajardo-Ramírez
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina, Av. Morones Prieto No. 3000 Pte., Monterrey, NL, Mexico, 64710
| | - Noemí García
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina, Av. Morones Prieto No. 3000 Pte., Monterrey, NL, Mexico, 64710
| | - Julio Altamirano
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina, Av. Morones Prieto No. 3000 Pte., Monterrey, NL, Mexico, 64710.
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Núñez C, Estévez SV, del Pilar Chantada M. Inorganic nanoparticles in diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer. J Biol Inorg Chem 2018; 23:331-345. [DOI: 10.1007/s00775-018-1542-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 02/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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12
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Nanda SS, Kim MJ, Kim K, Papaefthymiou GC, Selvan ST, Yi DK. Recent advances in biocompatible semiconductor nanocrystals for immunobiological applications. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2017; 159:644-654. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2017.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Revised: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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13
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Wang YW, Reder NP, Kang S, Glaser AK, Liu JTC. Multiplexed Optical Imaging of Tumor-Directed Nanoparticles: A Review of Imaging Systems and Approaches. Nanotheranostics 2017; 1:369-388. [PMID: 29071200 PMCID: PMC5647764 DOI: 10.7150/ntno.21136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, various classes of nanoparticles have been developed for optical imaging of cancers. Many of these nanoparticles are designed to specifically target tumor sites, and specific cancer biomarkers, to facilitate the visualization of tumors. However, one challenge for accurate detection of tumors is that the molecular profiles of most cancers vary greatly between patients as well as spatially and temporally within a single tumor mass. To overcome this challenge, certain nanoparticles and imaging systems have been developed to enable multiplexed imaging of large panels of cancer biomarkers. Multiplexed molecular imaging can potentially enable sensitive tumor detection, precise delineation of tumors during interventional procedures, and the prediction/monitoring of therapy response. In this review, we summarize recent advances in systems that have been developed for the imaging of optical nanoparticles that can be heavily multiplexed, which include surface-enhanced Raman-scattering nanoparticles (SERS NPs) and quantum dots (QDs). In addition to surveying the optical properties of these various types of nanoparticles, and the most-popular multiplexed imaging approaches that have been employed, representative preclinical and clinical imaging studies are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Winston Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Nicholas P Reder
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Soyoung Kang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Adam K Glaser
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Jonathan T C Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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Song JL, Chen C, Yuan JP, Sun SR. Progress in the clinical detection of heterogeneity in breast cancer. Cancer Med 2016; 5:3475-3488. [PMID: 27774765 PMCID: PMC5224851 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Revised: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is currently the most common form of cancer and the second‐leading cause of death from cancer in women. Though considerable progress has been made in the treatment of breast cancer, the heterogeneity of tumors (both inter‐ and intratumor) remains a considerable diagnostic and prognostic challenge. From clinical observation to genetic mutations, the history of understanding the heterogeneity of breast cancer is lengthy and detailed. Effectively detecting heterogeneity in breast cancer is important during treatment. Various methods of depicting this heterogeneity are now available and include genetic, pathologic, and imaging analysis. These methods allow characterization of the heterogeneity of breast cancer on a genetic level, providing greater insight during the process of establishing an effective therapeutic plan. This study reviews how the understanding of tumor heterogeneity in breast cancer evolved, and further summarizes recent advances in the detection and monitoring of this heterogeneity in patients with breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Long Song
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430060, China
| | - Chuang Chen
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430060, China
| | - Jing-Ping Yuan
- Department of Pathology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430060, China
| | - Sheng-Rong Sun
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430060, China
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15
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Zheng H, Li X, Chen C, Chen J, Sun J, Sun S, Jin L, Li J, Sun S, Wu X. Quantum dot-based immunofluorescent imaging and quantitative detection of TOP2A and prognostic value in triple-negative breast cancer. Int J Nanomedicine 2016; 11:5519-5529. [PMID: 27799773 PMCID: PMC5085300 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s111594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Topoisomerase 2 alpha (TOP2A) is a key enzyme in DNA replication and a target of various cytotoxic agents including anthracyclines. Previous studies evaluating the predictive and prognostic values of TOP2A in breast cancer are contradictory, likely secondary to the use of both different detection methods and different cutoff thresholds for positive status. Our own studies have previously confirmed the advantages of quantum dot-based nanotechnology for quantitative analysis of biomarkers relative to conventional immunohistochemistry (IHC). This study was designed to 1) assess the expression of TOP2A, 2) investigate the relationship between TOP2A expression and major clinical pathological parameters, and 3) evaluate the prognostic value of TOP2A by quantum dot-based immunofluorescent imaging and quantitative analytical system (QD-IIQAS) in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Patients and methods TOP2A expression in 145 TNBC specimens was detected using IHC and QD-IIQAS, and a comparative analysis of the two methods was conducted, including an exploration of the relationship between TOP2A expression and major clinical pathological parameters in TNBC. The prognostic value of TOP2A in TNBC was assessed. Results A similar antigen localization, a high correlation of staining rates (r=0.79), and a high agreement of measurements (κ=0.763) of TOP2A expression in TNBC were found by QD-IIQAS and conventional IHC (cutoff: 45.0 and 0.45, respectively). TOP2A was significantly higher in larger tumors (P=0.002), higher grade tumors (P=0.005), and lymph node positive patients (P<0.001). The 5-year disease-free survival (5-DFS) of the high and low TOP2A subgroups was significantly different for both QD-IIQAS and IHC (P<0.001, log-rank test for both). TOP2A expression was an independent predictor of survival in TNBC (P=0.001). Conclusion QD-IIQAS was an easy and accurate method for detecting and assessing TOP2A. The TOP2A expression was an independent prognostic indicator of 5-DFS in TNBC. Our study provides a good foundation for future studies exploring the relationship between TOP2A expression and response to anthracyclines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, Hubei Cancer Hospital
| | - Chuang Chen
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University
| | - Jian Chen
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Hubei Cancer Hospital
| | - Jinzhong Sun
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University
| | - Si Sun
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Liting Jin
- Department of Breast Surgery, Hubei Cancer Hospital
| | - Juanjuan Li
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University
| | - Shengrong Sun
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University
| | - Xinhong Wu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Hubei Cancer Hospital
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16
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Dong C, Hu X, Dinu CZ. Current status and perspectives in atomic force microscopy-based identification of cellular transformation. Int J Nanomedicine 2016; 11:2107-18. [PMID: 27274238 PMCID: PMC4876801 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s103501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the complex interplay between cells and their biomechanics and how the interplay is influenced by the extracellular microenvironment, as well as how the transforming potential of a tissue from a benign to a cancerous one is related to the dynamics of both the cell and its surroundings, holds promise for the development of targeted translational therapies. This review provides a comprehensive overview of atomic force microscopy-based technology and its applications for identification of cellular progression to a cancerous phenotype. The review also offers insights into the advancements that are required for the next user-controlled tool to allow for the identification of early cell transformation and thus potentially lead to improved therapeutic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenbo Dong
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Xiao Hu
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Cerasela Zoica Dinu
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
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17
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Zheng HM, Chen C, Wu XH, Chen J, Sun S, Sun JZ, Wang MW, Sun SR. Quantum dot-based in situ simultaneous molecular imaging and quantitative analysis of EGFR and collagen IV and identification of their prognostic value in triple-negative breast cancer. Tumour Biol 2015; 37:2509-18. [PMID: 26385773 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4079-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2015] [Accepted: 09/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a unique breast cancer subtype with high heterogeneity and poor prognosis. Currently, the treatment effect of TNBC has reached a bottleneck, rendering new breakthroughs difficult. Cancer invasion is not an entirely cell-autonomous process, requiring the cells to transmigrate across the surrounding extracellular matrix (ECM) barriers. Developing a new system that integrates key constituents in the tumor microenvironment with pivotal cancer cell molecules is essential for the in-depth investigation of the mechanism of invasion in TNBC. We describe a computer-aided algorithm developed using quantum dot (QD)-based multiplex molecular imaging of TNBC tissues. We performed in situ simultaneous imaging and quantitative detection of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), expressed in the TNBC cell membrane, and collagen IV, the major ECM constituent; calculated the EGFR/collagen IV ratio; and investigated the prognostic value of the EGFR/collagen IV ratio in TNBC. We simultaneously imaged and quantitatively detected EGFR and collagen IV in the TNBC samples. In all patients, quantitative determination showed a statistically significant negative correlation between EGFR and collagen IV. The 5-year disease-free survival (5-DFS) of the high and low EGFR/collagen IV ratio subgroups was significantly different. The EGFR/collagen IV ratio was predictive and was an independent prognostic indicator in TNBC. Compared with EGFR expression, the EGFR/collagen IV ratio had a greater prognostic value for 5-DFS. Our findings open up a new avenue for predicting the clinical outcome in TNBC from the perspective of integrating molecules expressed in both cancer cells and the ECM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Mei Zheng
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Tower 238 Jiefang Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430060, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuang Chen
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Tower 238 Jiefang Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430060, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin-Hong Wu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Chen
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Si Sun
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin-Zhong Sun
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Tower 238 Jiefang Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430060, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming-Wei Wang
- Department of Pathology, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng-Rong Sun
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Tower 238 Jiefang Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430060, People's Republic of China.
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18
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Xiang QM, Wang LW, Yuan JP, Chen JM, Yang F, Li Y. Quantum dot-based multispectral fluorescent imaging to quantitatively study co-expressions of Ki67 and HER2 in breast cancer. Exp Mol Pathol 2015; 99:133-8. [PMID: 26102249 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2015.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Both Ki67 and HER2 are key prognostic molecules for invasive breast cancer (BC), but the individual relative impacts on prognosis of these molecules are not known. This study was aimed at establishing a quantum dot (QD)-based double-color in-situ quantitative imaging technique to study the co-expressions of Ki67 and HER2, and delineate the individual impacts of these molecules on prognosis. The QD-based fluorescent immunostaining technique could simultaneously image the co-expressions of Ki67 and HER2 in BC specimens, with the former stained as clear red fluorescence in cancer cell nucleus, and the latter as bright green fluorescence on cancer cell membrane. Both Ki67 and HER2 expressions were significantly correlated with 8-year disease free survival (8-DFS) (P<0.05). However, the two molecules had different weights in terms of negative impacts on clinical prognosis. The median 8-DFS was statistically significantly shorter in High-Ki67 High-HER2 subgroup than Low-Ki67 High-HER2 subgroup (11.7 vs. 60.1months, P<0.05), shorter in High-Ki67 Low-HER2 subgroup than Low-Ki67 Low-HER2 subgroup (16.4 vs. 96.0months, P<0.01), shorter in High-Ki67 High-HER2 subgroup than Low-Ki67 Low-HER2 subgroup (11.7 vs. 96.0months, P<0.01), but there were no statistically significant differences in median 8-DFS between High-Ki67 Low-HER2 subgroup and High-Ki67 High-HER2 subgroup (11.7 vs. 16.4months, P=0.586). The hazard ratio (HR) of Ki67 negative impact on 8-DFS was about 3 fold of that of HER2 (HR 4.493 vs. 1.481). This study demonstrated that QD-based fluorescent imaging technique could help the quantitative study on the co-expressions of Ki67 and HER2 in BC, and Ki67 has a greater negative impact on BC prognosis than HER2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Ming Xiang
- Department of Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors and Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China
| | - Lin-Wei Wang
- Department of Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors and Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China
| | - Jing-Ping Yuan
- Department of Pathology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China
| | - Jia-Mei Chen
- Department of Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors and Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China
| | - Fang Yang
- Department of Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors and Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors and Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China.
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Quantum dots-based tissue and in vivo imaging in breast cancer researches: current status and future perspectives. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2015; 151:7-17. [PMID: 25833213 PMCID: PMC4408370 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-015-3363-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2015] [Accepted: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
As the most common malignant tumor for females, breast cancer (BC) is a highly heterogeneous disease regarding biological behaviors. Precisely targeted imaging on BC masses and biomarkers is critical to BC detection, treatment, monitoring, and prognostic evaluation. As an important imaging technique, quantum dots (QDs)-based imaging has emerged as a promising tool in BC researches owe to its outstanding optical properties. However, few reviews have been specifically devoted to discussing applications of QDs-based imaging in BC researches. This review summarized recent promising works in QDs-based tissue and in vivo imaging for BC studies. Physicochemical and optical properties of QDs and its potential applications were briefly described first. Then QDs-based imaging studies in BC were systematically reviewed, including tissue imaging for studying biomarkers interactions, and evaluating prognostic biomarkers, in vivo imaging for mapping axillary lymphatic system, showing BC xenograft tumor, and detecting BC metastases. At last, the future perspectives with special emphasis on the potential clinical applications have also been discussed. Potential applications of QDs-based imaging on clinical BC in the future are mainly focused on tissue study, especially in BC molecular pathology due to its optimal optical properties and quantitative information capabilities on multiple biomarkers.
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20
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Analysis of cancer marker in tissues with Hadamard transform fluorescence spectral microscopic imaging. J Fluoresc 2015; 25:397-402. [PMID: 25663197 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-015-1525-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Quantum dots (QDs) probes were used to tag and trace cancer biomarkers in cancer tissues based on the system of home-made Hadamard transform (HT) spectral microscopic imaging, which can be applied to provide high-resolution fluorescence spectrum and image of single cells and tissues. In situ fluorescence imaging for cancer marker proteins, such as estrogen receptor (ER), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and cytokeratin 20 (CK20) in tumor tissues, were realized by using the HT system to capture quantitative information for these proteins when tumor tissues were immunostained with QDs probes. A method to evaluate tumor malignancy of the specimens based on in situ analysis of distribution of marker proteins was proposed based on the comparative study of positive samples and negative controls. The investigation of ER contents of the cores in breast cancer tissue microarrays (TMAs) shows that the technique of QDs-immunohistochemistry (IHC)/HT spectral imaging is more sensitive than conventional IHC method. The results also demonstrate that the QDs-IHC/HT spectral imaging technique can be applied to visualize and quantitatively measure the subcellular molecules inside tumor tissues, and the coupling of HT spectral imaging to the probing of subcellular molecules with QDs has great potential in biology and medical diagnosis.
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21
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Vu TQ, Lam WY, Hatch EW, Lidke DS. Quantum dots for quantitative imaging: from single molecules to tissue. Cell Tissue Res 2015; 360:71-86. [PMID: 25620410 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-014-2087-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 12/04/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Since their introduction to biological imaging, quantum dots (QDs) have progressed from a little known, but attractive, technology to one that has gained broad application in many areas of biology. The versatile properties of these fluorescent nanoparticles have allowed investigators to conduct biological studies with extended spatiotemporal capabilities that were previously not possible. In this review, we focus on QD applications that provide enhanced quantitative information concerning protein dynamics and localization, including single particle tracking and immunohistochemistry, and finish by examining the prospects of upcoming applications, such as correlative light and electron microscopy and super-resolution. Advances in single molecule imaging, including multi-color and three-dimensional QD tracking, have provided new insights into the mechanisms of cell signaling and protein trafficking. New forms of QD tracking in vivo have allowed the observation of biological processes at molecular level resolution in the physiological context of the whole animal. Further methodological development of multiplexed QD-based immunohistochemistry assays should enable more quantitative analysis of key proteins in tissue samples. These advances highlight the unique quantitative data sets that QDs can provide to further our understanding of biological and disease processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Q Vu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Ore., USA,
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22
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Wang RE, Zhang Y, Tian L, Cai W, Cai J. Antibody-based imaging of HER-2: moving into the clinic. Curr Mol Med 2014; 13:1523-37. [PMID: 24206138 DOI: 10.2174/1566524013666131111120951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2012] [Revised: 05/17/2012] [Accepted: 09/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER-2) mediates a number of important cellular activities, and is up-regulated in a diverse set of cancer cell lines, especially breast cancer. Accordingly, HER-2 has been regarded as a common drug target in cancer therapy. Antibodies can serve as ideal candidates for targeted tumor imaging and drug delivery, due to their inherent affinity and specificity. Advanced by the development of a wide variety of imaging techniques, antibody-based imaging of HER-2 can allow for early detection and localization of tumors, as well as monitoring of drug delivery and tissue's response to drug treatment. In this review article, antibody-based imaging of HER-2 are summarized and discussed, with an emphasis on the involved imaging methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- R E Wang
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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23
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Sun JZ, Chen C, Jiang G, Tian WQ, Li Y, Sun SR. Quantum dot-based immunofluorescent imaging of Ki67 and identification of prognostic value in HER2-positive (non-luminal) breast cancer. Int J Nanomedicine 2014; 9:1339-46. [PMID: 24648732 PMCID: PMC3956684 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s58881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The immunohistochemical assessment of Ki67 antigen (Ki67) is the most widely practiced measurement of breast cancer cell proliferation; however, it has some disadvantages and thus the prognostic value of Ki67 in breast cancer remains controversial. Our previous studies confirmed the advantages of quantum dots-based nanotechnology for quantitative analysis of biomarkers compared with conventional immunohistochemistry (IHC). This study was designed to assess Ki67 by quantum dot-immunohistochemistry (QD-IHC) and investigate the prognostic value of the Ki67 score in human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive (non-luminal) breast cancer. METHODS Ki67 expression in 108 HER2-positive (non-luminal) breast cancer specimens was detected by IHC and QD-IHC. Two observers assessed the Ki67 score independently and comparisons between the two methods were made. The prognostic value of the Ki67 score for five-year disease-free survival was estimated. RESULTS The same antigen localization, high correlation of staining rates (r=0.993), and high agreement of measurements (κ=0.874) of Ki67 expression (cutoff: 30%) in breast cancer were found by QD-IHC and conventional IHC. The QD-IHC had a better interobserver agreement for the Ki67 score than conventional IHC (t=-7.280, P<0.01). High Ki67 expression (cutoff: 30%) was associated with shorter disease-free survival (log-rank test; IHC, P=0.026; QD-IHC, P=0.001), especially in the lymph node-negative subgroups (log-rank test; IHC, P=0.017; QD-IHC, P=0.002). CONCLUSION QD-IHC imaging of Ki67 was an easier and more accurate method for detecting and assessing Ki67. The Ki67 score was an independent prognosticator in the HER2-positive (non-luminal) breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Zhong Sun
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chuang Chen
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guan Jiang
- Department of Dermatology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei-Qun Tian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University and Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors and Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Wuchang District, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Sheng-Rong Sun
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China,Correspondence: Sheng-Rong Sun, Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Tower 238 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430060, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 27 8804 1911 extn 82012, Email
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Rizvi SB, Rouhi S, Taniguchi S, Yang SY, Green M, Keshtgar M, Seifalian AM. Near-infrared quantum dots for HER2 localization and imaging of cancer cells. Int J Nanomedicine 2014; 9:1323-37. [PMID: 24648731 PMCID: PMC3956736 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s51535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Quantum dots are fluorescent nanoparticles with unique photophysical properties that allow them to be used as diagnostic, therapeutic, and theranostic agents, particularly in medical and surgical oncology. Near-infrared-emitting quantum dots can be visualized in deep tissues because the biological window is transparent to these wavelengths. Their small sizes and free surface reactive groups that can be conjugated to biomolecules make them ideal probes for in vivo cancer localization, targeted chemotherapy, and image-guided cancer surgery. The human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 gene (HER2/neu) is overexpressed in 25%–30% of breast cancers. The current methods of detection for HER2 status, including immunohistochemistry and fluorescence in situ hybridization, are used ex vivo and cannot be used in vivo. In this paper, we demonstrate the application of near-infrared-emitting quantum dots for HER2 localization in fixed and live cancer cells as a first step prior to their in vivo application. Methods Near-infrared-emitting quantum dots were characterized and their in vitro toxicity was established using three cancer cell lines, ie, HepG2, SK-BR-3 (HER2-overexpressing), and MCF7 (HER2-underexpressing). Mouse antihuman anti-HER2 monoclonal antibody was conjugated to the near-infrared-emitting quantum dots. Results In vitro toxicity studies showed biocompatibility of SK-BR-3 and MCF7 cell lines with near-infrared-emitting quantum dots at a concentration of 60 μg/mL after one hour and 24 hours of exposure. Near-infrared-emitting quantum dot antiHER2-antibody bioconjugates successfully localized HER2 receptors on SK-BR-3 cells. Conclusion Near-infrared-emitting quantum dot bioconjugates can be used for rapid localization of HER2 receptors and can potentially be used for targeted therapy as well as image-guided surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarwat B Rizvi
- UCL Centre for Nanotechnology and Regenerative Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Sepideh Rouhi
- UCL Centre for Nanotechnology and Regenerative Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Shi Yu Yang
- UCL Centre for Nanotechnology and Regenerative Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Mark Green
- Department of Physics, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Mo Keshtgar
- UCL Centre for Nanotechnology and Regenerative Medicine, University College London, London, UK ; Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust Hospital, London, UK
| | - Alexander M Seifalian
- UCL Centre for Nanotechnology and Regenerative Medicine, University College London, London, UK ; Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust Hospital, London, UK
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Chen C, Yuan JP, Wei W, Tu Y, Yao F, Yang XQ, Sun JZ, Sun SR, Li Y. Subtype classification for prediction of prognosis of breast cancer from a biomarker panel: correlations and indications. Int J Nanomedicine 2014; 9:1039-48. [PMID: 24591826 PMCID: PMC3937188 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s58270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hormone receptors, including the estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), and other biomarkers like Ki67, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR, also known as HER1), the androgen receptor, and p53, are key molecules in breast cancer. This study evaluated the relationship between HER2 and hormone receptors and explored the additional prognostic value of Ki67, EGFR, the androgen receptor, and p53. Methods Quantitative determination of HER2 and EGFR was performed in 240 invasive breast cancer tissue microarray specimens using quantum dot (QD)-based nanotechnology. We identified two subtypes of HER2, ie, high total HER2 load (HTH2) and low total HER2 load (LTH2), and three subtypes of hormone receptor, ie, high hormone receptor (HHR), low hormone receptor (LHR), and no hormone receptor (NHR). Therefore, breast cancer patients could be divided into five subtypes according to HER2 and hormone receptor status. Ki67, p53, and the androgen receptor were determined by traditional immunohistochemistry techniques. The relationship between hormone receptors and HER2 was investigated and the additional value of Ki67, EGFR, the androgen receptor, and p53 for prediction of 5-year disease-free survival was assessed. Results In all patients, quantitative determination showed a statistically significant (P<0.001) negative correlation between HER2 and the hormone receptors and a significant positive correlation (P<0.001) between the estrogen receptor and the progesterone receptor (r=0.588), but a significant negative correlation (P<0.001, r=−0.618) with the HHR subtype. There were significant differences between the estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and HER2 subtypes with regard to total HER2 load and hormone receptor subtypes. The rates of androgen receptor and p53 positivity were 46.3% and 57.0%, respectively. Other than the androgen receptor, differences in expression of Ki67, EGFR, and p53 did not achieve statistical significance (P>0.05) between the five subtypes. EGFR and Ki67 had prognostic significance for 5-year disease-free survival in univariate analysis, but the androgen receptor and p53 did not. Multivariate analysis identified that EGFR expression had predictive significance for 5-year disease-free survival in hormone-receptor positive patients and in those with the lymph node-positive breast cancer subtype. Conclusion Hormone receptor expression was indeed one of the molecular profiles in the subtypes identified by quantitative HER2 and vice versa. EGFR status may provide discriminative prognostic information in addition to HER2 and hormone receptor status, and should be integrated into routine practice to help formulate more specific prediction of the prognosis and appropriate individualized treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuang Chen
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Wuhan University, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing-Ping Yuan
- Department of Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University and Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors and Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Wuhan, People's Republic of China ; Department of Pathology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Wei
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Wuhan University, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Tu
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Wuhan University, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Yao
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Wuhan University, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue-Qin Yang
- Medical School of Jingchu University of Technology, Jingmen, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin-Zhong Sun
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Wuhan University, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng-Rong Sun
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Wuhan University, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University and Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors and Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
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Mahfoud OK, Rakovich TY, Prina-Mello A, Movia D, Alves F, Volkov Y. Detection of ErbB2: nanotechnological solutions for clinical diagnostics. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra45401k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Wang LW, Qu AP, Yuan JP, Chen C, Sun SR, Hu MB, Liu J, Li Y. Computer-based image studies on tumor nests mathematical features of breast cancer and their clinical prognostic value. PLoS One 2013; 8:e82314. [PMID: 24349253 PMCID: PMC3861398 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0082314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2013] [Accepted: 10/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The expending and invasive features of tumor nests could reflect the malignant biological behaviors of breast invasive ductal carcinoma. Useful information on cancer invasiveness hidden within tumor nests could be extracted and analyzed by computer image processing and big data analysis. Methods Tissue microarrays from invasive ductal carcinoma (n = 202) were first stained with cytokeratin by immunohistochemical method to clearly demarcate the tumor nests. Then an expert-aided computer analysis system was developed to study the mathematical and geometrical features of the tumor nests. Computer recognition system and imaging analysis software extracted tumor nests information, and mathematical features of tumor nests were calculated. The relationship between tumor nests mathematical parameters and patients' 5-year disease free survival was studied. Results There were 8 mathematical parameters extracted by expert-aided computer analysis system. Three mathematical parameters (number, circularity and total perimeter) with area under curve >0.5 and 4 mathematical parameters (average area, average perimeter, total area/total perimeter, average (area/perimeter)) with area under curve <0.5 in ROC analysis were combined into integrated parameter 1 and integrated parameter 2, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that integrated parameter 1 (P = 0.040) was independent prognostic factor of patients' 5-year disease free survival. The hazard risk ratio of integrated parameter 1 was 1.454 (HR 95% CI [1.017–2.078]), higher than that of N stage (HR 1.396, 95% CI [1.125–1.733]) and hormone receptor status (HR 0.575, 95% CI [0.353–0.936]), but lower than that of histological grading (HR 3.370, 95% CI [1.125–5.364]) and T stage (HR 1.610, 95% CI [1.026 –2.527]). Conclusions This study indicated integrated parameter 1 of mathematical features (number, circularity and total perimeter) of tumor nests could be a useful parameter to predict the prognosis of early stage breast invasive ductal carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Wei Wang
- Department of Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors and Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Ai-Ping Qu
- School of Computer, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Jing-Ping Yuan
- Department of Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors and Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Chuang Chen
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Sheng-Rong Sun
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Ming-Bai Hu
- Department of Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors and Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Juan Liu
- School of Computer, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
- * E-mail: (YL); (JL)
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors and Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
- * E-mail: (YL); (JL)
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Abstract
Here we present a detailed protocol for molecular profiling of individual cultured mammalian cells using multicolor multicycle immunofluorescence with quantum dot probes. It includes instructions for cell culture growth and processing (2 h + 48-72 h for cell growth), preparation and characterization of universal quantum dot probes (4.5 h + overnight incubation), cyclic cell staining (∼4.5 h per cycle) and image analysis (varies by application). The use of quantum dot fluorescent probes enables highly multiplexed, robust quantitative molecular imaging with a conventional fluorescence microscopy setup, whereas the probe preparation methodology, using a self-assembly between protein A-decorated universal quantum dots and intact primary antibodies, offers a fast, simple and purification-free route for an on-demand preparation of antibody-functionalized quantum dot libraries. As a result, this protocol can be used by biomedical researchers for a variety of cell staining applications, and, with further optimization, for staining of other biological specimens (e.g., clinical tissue sections).
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Fang M, Peng CW, Pang DW, Li Y. Quantum dots for cancer research: current status, remaining issues, and future perspectives. Cancer Biol Med 2013; 9:151-63. [PMID: 23691472 PMCID: PMC3643664 DOI: 10.7497/j.issn.2095-3941.2012.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2012] [Accepted: 08/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a major threat to public health in the 21st century because it is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. The mechanisms of carcinogenesis, cancer invasion, and metastasis remain unclear. Thus, the development of a novel approach for cancer detection is urgent, and real-time monitoring is crucial in revealing its underlying biological mechanisms. With the optical and chemical advantages of quantum dots (QDs), QD-based nanotechnology is helpful in constructing a biomedical imaging platform for cancer behavior study. This review mainly focuses on the application of QD-based nanotechnology in cancer cell imaging and tumor microenvironment studies both in vivo and in vitro, as well as the remaining issues and future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Fang
- Department of Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors & Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Wuhan 430071, China
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Caveolin-1 expression level in cancer associated fibroblasts predicts outcome in gastric cancer. PLoS One 2013; 8:e59102. [PMID: 23527097 PMCID: PMC3602462 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0059102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2012] [Accepted: 02/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Altered expression of epithelial or stromal caveolin-1 (Cav-1) is observed in various types of human cancers. However, the clinical significance of Cav-1 expression in gastric cancer (GC) remains largely unknown. The present study aims to explore the clinicopathological significance and prognostic value of both tumor cells and cancer associated fibroblasts (CAFs) Cav-1 in GC. Methods and Results Quantum dots immunofluorescence histochemistry was performed to examine the expression of Cav-1 in 20 cases of gastritis without intestinal metaplasia (IM), 20 cases of gastritis with IM and 286 cases of GC. Positive rates of epithelial Cav-1 in gastritis without IM, gastritis with IM and GC showed a decreasing trend (P = 0.012). Low expression of Cav-1 in CAFs but not in tumor cells was an independent predictor of poor prognosis in GC patients (P = 0.034 and 0.005 respectively in disease free survival and overall survival). Cav-1 level in tumor cells and CAFs showed no significant correlation with classic clinicopathological features. Conclusions Loss of epithelial Cav-1 may promote malignant progression and low CAFs Cav-1 level herald worse outcome of GC patient, suggesting CAFs Cav-1 may be a candidate therapeutic target and a useful prognostic marker of GC.
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Maity AR, Saha A, Roy A, Jana NR. Folic Acid Functionalized Nanoprobes for Fluorescence-, Dark-Field-, and Dual-Imaging-Based Selective Detection of Cancer Cells and Tissue. Chempluschem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201200296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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He Y, Zhao X, Gao J, Fan L, Yang G, Cho WCS, Chen H. Quantum dots-based immunofluorescent imaging of stromal fibroblasts Caveolin-1 and light chain 3B expression and identification of their clinical significance in human gastric cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2012. [PMID: 23203033 PMCID: PMC3509549 DOI: 10.3390/ijms131113764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Caveolin-1 (Cav-1) expression deficiency and autophagy in tumor stromal fibroblasts (hereafter fibroblasts) are involved in tumor proliferation and progression, particularly in breast and prostate cancer. The aim of this study was to detect the expression of fibroblastic Cav-1 and LC3B, markers of autophagy, in gastric cancer (GC) and to analyze their clinical significances. Furthermore, because Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated GC (EBVaGC) is a unique subtype of GC; we compared the differential expression of fibroblastic Cav-1 and LC3B in EBVaGC and non-EBVaGC. Quantum dots (QDs)-based immunofluorescence histochemistry was used to examine the expression of fibroblastic Cav-1 and LC3B in 118 cases of GC with adequate stroma. QDs-based double immunofluorescence labeling was performed to detect the coexpression of Cav-1 and LC3B proteins. EBV-encoded small RNA was detected by QDs-based fluorescence in situ hybridization to identify EBVaGC. Multivariate analysis indicated that low fibroblastic Cav-1 level was an independent prognosticator (p = 0.029) that predicted poorer survival of GC patients. Positive fibroblastic LC3B was correlated with lower invasion (p = 0.032) and was positively associated with Cav-1 expression (r = 0.432, p < 0.001). EBV infection did not affect fibroblastic Cav-1 and LC3B expression. In conclusion, positive fibroblastic LC3B correlates with lower invasion, and low expression of fibroblastic Cav-1 is a novel predictor of poor GC prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyu He
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China; E-Mails: (Y.H.); (X.Z.); (L.F.)
| | - Xianda Zhao
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China; E-Mails: (Y.H.); (X.Z.); (L.F.)
| | - Jun Gao
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Wuhan Nano Tumor Diagnosis Engineering Research Center, Wuhan 430075, China; E-Mail:
| | - Lifang Fan
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China; E-Mails: (Y.H.); (X.Z.); (L.F.)
| | - Guifang Yang
- Department of Pathology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China; E-Mail:
| | - William Chi-shing Cho
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, 30 Gascoigne Road, Kowloon, Hong Kong
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (W.C.C.); (H.C.); Tel.: +86-27-6875-9735 (H.C.); Fax: +86-27-6875-9222 (H.C.)
| | - Honglei Chen
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China; E-Mails: (Y.H.); (X.Z.); (L.F.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Rush University Medical Center, 1735 West Harrison Street, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (W.C.C.); (H.C.); Tel.: +86-27-6875-9735 (H.C.); Fax: +86-27-6875-9222 (H.C.)
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Wang W, Guo M, Hu L, Cai J, Zeng Y, Luo J, Shu Z, Li W, Huang Z. The zinc finger protein ZNF268 is overexpressed in human cervical cancer and contributes to tumorigenesis via enhancing NF-κB signaling. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:42856-66. [PMID: 23091055 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.399923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer is one of the most common tumors affecting women's health worldwide. Although human papillomavirus can be detected in nearly all cases, the mechanism of cervical carcinogenesis remains to be further addressed. Here, we demonstrated that ZNF268, a Krüppel-associated box-containing zinc finger protein, might contribute to the development of cervical cancer. We found that ZNF268b2, an isoform of ZNF268, was overexpressed in human squamous cervical cancer specimens. Knockdown of ZNF268 in cervical cancer cells caused cell cycle arrest at the G(0)/G(1) phase, reduced colony formation, and increased sensitivity to TNFα-induced apoptosis. In addition, HeLa cell growth in xenograft nude mice was suppressed by ZNF268 knockdown, with increased apoptosis. Furthermore, ZNF268b2 was shown to increase NF-κB signaling in vitro and in vivo. Reconstitution of NF-κB activity restored proliferation in ZNF268 knockdown HeLa cells. Of note, we observed a high frequency of NF-κB activation in ZNF268-overexpressing cervical cancer tissues, suggesting a pathological coincidence of ZNF268b2 overexpression and NF-κB activation. Taken together, our results reveal a novel role of ZNF268b2 that contributes to cervical carcinogenesis in part through enhancing NF-κB signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
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Chen C, Peng J, Sun SR, Peng CW, Li Y, Pang DW. Tapping the potential of quantum dots for personalized oncology: current status and future perspectives. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2012; 7:411-28. [PMID: 22385199 DOI: 10.2217/nnm.12.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the most serious health threats worldwide. Personalized oncology holds potential for future cancer care in clinical practice, where each patient could be delivered individualized medicine on the basis of key biological features of an individual tumor. One of the most urgent problems is to develop novel approaches that incorporate the increasing molecular information into the understanding of cancer biological behaviors for personalized oncology. Quantum dots are a heterogeneous class of engineered fluorescent nanoparticles with unique optical and chemical properties, which make them promising platforms for biomedical applications. With the unique optical properties, the utilization of quantum dot-based nanotechnology has been expanded into a wide variety of attractive biomedical applications for cancer diagnosis, monitoring, pathogenesis, treatment, molecular pathology and heterogeneity in combination with cancer biomarkers. Here, we focus on the clinical application of quantum dot-based nanotechnology in personalized oncology, covering topics on individualized cancer diagnosis and treatment by in vitro and in vivo molecular imaging technologies, and in-depth understanding of the biological behaviors of tumors from a nanotechnology perspective. In addition, the major challenges in translating quantum dot-based nanotechnology into clinical application and promising future directions in personalized oncology are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuang Chen
- Department of Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University & Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors & Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, No 169 Donghu Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan 430071, PR China
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Ruan Y, Yu W, Cheng F, Zhang X, Larré S. Detection of prostate stem cell antigen expression in human prostate cancer using quantum-dot-based technology. SENSORS 2012; 12:5461-70. [PMID: 22778595 PMCID: PMC3386694 DOI: 10.3390/s120505461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2012] [Revised: 04/13/2012] [Accepted: 04/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Quantum dots (QDs) are a new class of fluorescent labeling for biological and biomedical applications. In this study, we detected prostate stem cell antigen (PSCA) expression correlated with tumor grade and stage in human prostate cancer by QDs-based immunolabeling and conventional immunohistochemistry (IHC), and evaluated the sensitivity and stability of QDs-based immunolabeling in comparison with IHC. Our data revealed that increasing levels of PSCA expression accompanied advanced tumor grade (QDs labeling, r = 0.732, p < 0.001; IHC, r = 0.683, p < 0.001) and stage (QDs labeling, r = 0.514, p = 0.001; IHC, r = 0.432, p = 0.005), and the similar tendency was detected by the two methods. In addition, by comparison between the two methods, QDs labeling was consistent with IHC in detecting the expression of PSCA in human prostate tissue correlated with different pathological types (K = 0.845, p < 0.001). During the observation time, QDs exhibited superior stability. The intensity of QDs fluorescence remained stable for two weeks (p = 0.083) after conjugation to the PSCA protein, and nearly 93% of positive expression with their fluorescence still could be seen after four weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Ruan
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei, China; E-Mails: (Y.R.); (W.Y.); (X.Z.)
| | - Weimin Yu
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei, China; E-Mails: (Y.R.); (W.Y.); (X.Z.)
| | - Fan Cheng
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei, China; E-Mails: (Y.R.); (W.Y.); (X.Z.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +86-133-0710-5017; Fax: +86-027-8804-2292
| | - Xiaobin Zhang
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei, China; E-Mails: (Y.R.); (W.Y.); (X.Z.)
| | - Stéphane Larré
- Department of Urology, Angers Teaching Hospital, 4, Rue Larrey, Angers 49000, France; E-Mail:
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Chen QR, Guan F, Yan DJ, Lei DS, Fu L, Xia HS, Zhu YH, Chen ZW, Niu AO. The dynamic expression of allograft inflammatory factor-1 in hepatic tissues and splenic cells of BALB/c mice with Schistosoma japonicum infection. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 79:33-41. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0039.2011.01809.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Jain MP, Vaisheva F, Maysinger D. Metalloestrogenic effects of quantum dots. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2011; 7:23-37. [PMID: 22011313 DOI: 10.2217/nnm.11.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the metalloestrogenic effects of cadmium telluride quantum dots (QDs) in both human breast cancer cells and in vivo in mice. MATERIALS & METHODS Human breast cancer cells (MCF-7 cells) were utilized to study QDs, cadmium and 17β-estradiol induced estrogen-related genomic and nongenomic signaling. Female prepubescent and ovariectomized adult mice were treated with CdTe QDs to assess whether QD-induced estrogenicity would lead to uterine changes. RESULTS & DISCUSSION Our findings demonstrate that in vitro cadmium-containing QDs induce cellular proliferation, estrogen receptor α activation, and biphasic phosphorylation of AKT and ERK1/2, comparable with 17β-estradiol. Green QDs elicited a more robust estrogenic response than orange QDs. Addition of the selective estrogen receptor antagonist, ICI 182780, completely abolished all QD-induced estrogenic effects, suggesting that QD-induced estrogenic signaling is mediated via the estrogen receptor. In vivo, chronic treatment of mice with QDs led to a two- to three-fold increase in uterine weight, comparable or greater than 17β-estradiol. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that certain cadmium-containing nanocrystals are endocrine disruptors, whose effects can exceed those induced by ionic cadmium or 17β-estradiol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manasi P Jain
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, McGill University, 3655 Promenade Sir-William-Osler, McIntyre Medical Sciences Building, Room 1314, Montreal, QC, H3G 1Y6, Canada
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Yang XQ, Chen C, Peng CW, Hou JX, Liu SP, Qi CB, Gong YP, Zhu XB, Pang DW, Li Y. Quantum dot-based quantitative immunofluorescence detection and spectrum analysis of epidermal growth factor receptor in breast cancer tissue arrays. Int J Nanomedicine 2011; 6:2265-73. [PMID: 22072864 PMCID: PMC3205123 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s24161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a promising therapeutic target in cancer, but its clinical value in breast cancer remains controversial. Our previous studies have found that quantitative analysis of biomarkers with quantum dot-based nanotechnology had better detection performance than conventional immunohistochemistry. The present study was undertaken to investigate the prognostic value of EGFR in breast cancer using quantum dot-based quantitative spectral analysis. METHODS EGFR expression in 65 breast cancer specimens was detected by immunohistochemistry and quantum dot-immunohistochemistry, and comparisons were made between the two methods. EGFR expression in tissue microarrays of 240 breast cancer patients was then detected by quantum dot-immunohistochemistry and spectral analysis. The prognostic value of EGFR immunofluorescence area (EGFR area) for five-year recurrence-free survival was investigated. RESULTS The same antigen localization, high correlation of staining rates (r = 0.914), and high agreement of measurement (κ = 0.848) of EGFR expression in breast cancer were found by quantum dot-immunohistochemistry and immunohistochemistry. The EGFR area showed significant differences by tumor grade, lymph node status, HER2 status, and hormone receptor status (all P < 0.05). Patients in the large EGFR area (≥ 30.51) group had a significantly higher five-year recurrence rate (47.2% versus 27.4%, P = 0.002) and worse five-year recurrence-free survival (log-rank test, P = 0.0015) than those in the small EGFR area (<30.51) group. In the subgroups, EGFR area was an independent prognosticator in the HER2-positive and lymph node-positive subgroups. CONCLUSION Quantum dot-based quantitative detection demonstrates the prognostic value of EGFR area in the HER2-positive and lymph node-positive subgroups of invasive breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Qin Yang
- Department of Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory on Tumor Biological Behaviors and Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
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Tan A, Yildirimer L, Rajadas J, De La Peña H, Pastorin G, Seifalian A. Quantum dots and carbon nanotubes in oncology: a review on emerging theranostic applications in nanomedicine. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2011; 6:1101-14. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm.11.64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the main causes of death in the world, and according to the WHO it is projected to continue rising. Current diagnostic modalities for the detection of cancer include the use of x-rays, magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography, among others. The treatment of cancer often involves the use (or combination) of chemotherapeutic drugs, radiotherapy and interventional surgery (for solid and operable tumors). The application of nanotechnology in biology and medicine is advancing rapidly. Recent evidence suggests that quantum dots (QDs) can be used to image cancer cells as they display superior fluorescent properties compared with conventional chromophores and contrast agents. In addition, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have emerged as viable candidates for novel chemotherapeutic drug delivery-platforms. The unique photothermal properties of CNTs also allow them to be used in conjunction with near infrared radiation and lasers to thermally ablate cancer cells. Furthermore, mounting evidence indicates that it is possible to conjugate QDs to CNTs, making it possible to exploit their novel attributes in the realm of cancer theranostics (diagnostics and therapy). Here we review the current literature pertaining to the applications of QDs and CNTs in oncology, and also discuss the relevance and implications of nanomedicine in a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Tan
- Centre for Nanotechnology & Regenerative Medicine, UCL Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Lara Yildirimer
- Centre for Nanotechnology & Regenerative Medicine, UCL Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Jayakumar Rajadas
- Laboratory of Biomaterial & Advanced Drug Delivery, Department of Neurology & Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA, USA
| | - Hugo De La Peña
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Giorgia Pastorin
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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Bai Y, Tolles J, Cheng H, Siddiqui S, Gopinath A, Pectasides E, Camp RL, Rimm DL, Molinaro AM. Quantitative assessment shows loss of antigenic epitopes as a function of pre-analytic variables. J Transl Med 2011; 91:1253-61. [PMID: 21519325 PMCID: PMC3145004 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2011.75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Pre-analytic variables, specifically cold ischemic time, have been implicated as key variables in the measurement of proteins by immunohistochemistry. To determine the significance and magnitude of antigenic loss due to pre-analytic variables, we have compared protein antigenicity in core needle biopsies, with essentially no cold ischemic time, with that in routinely processed tumor resection specimens. Two cohorts of matched core needle biopsies and tumor resections were collected with 20 matched pairs and 14 matched pairs, respectively. Both series were analyzed by quantitative immunofluorescence using the AQUA® method. Epitopes phospho-ERK, total ERK, phospho-AKT, total AKT, phospho-S6K1, total S6K1, estrogen receptor (ER), Ki67, cytokeratin and GAPDH were assessed. Detection levels for all phospho-epitopes were significantly decreased in tumor resections compared with biopsies while no significant change was seen in the corresponding total proteins. Of the other four proteins examined, ER and cytokeratin showed significant loss of antigenicity. This data suggest that measurement of phospho-protein antigenicity in formalin-fixed tissue by immunological methods is dramatically affected by pre-analytic variables. This study suggests that core needle biopsies are more accurate for assessment of tissue biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalai Bai
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Juliana Tolles
- Division of Biostatistics, Yale University School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Huan Cheng
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Summar Siddiqui
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Arun Gopinath
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Eirini Pectasides
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Robert L. Camp
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - David L. Rimm
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Annette M. Molinaro
- Division of Biostatistics, Yale University School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
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Quantum dots-based molecular classification of breast cancer by quantitative spectroanalysis of hormone receptors and HER2. Biomaterials 2011; 32:7592-9. [PMID: 21745686 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2011.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2011] [Accepted: 06/10/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The emerging molecular breast cancer (BC) classification based on key molecules, including hormone receptors (HRs), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) has been playing an important part of clinical practice guideline. The current molecular classification mainly based on their fingerprints, however, could not provide enough essential information for treatment decision making. The molecular information on both patterns and quantities could be more helpful to heterogeneities understanding for BC personalized medicine. Here we conduct quantitative determination of HRs and HER2 by quantum dots (QDs)-based quantitative spectral analysis, which had excellent consistence with traditional method. Moreover, we establish a new molecular classification system of BC by integrating the quantitative information of HER2 and HRs, which could better reveal BC heterogeneity and identify 5 molecular subtypes with different 5-year prognosis. Furthermore, the emerging 5 molecular subtypes based on simple quantitative molecules information could be as informative as multi-genes analysis in routine practice, and might help formulate a more personalized comprehensive therapy strategy and prognosis prediction.
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Jin K, He K, Teng F, Han N, Li G, Xu Z, Teng L. Heterogeneity in primary tumors and corresponding metastases: could it provide us with any hints to personalize cancer therapy? Per Med 2011; 8:175-182. [PMID: 29783410 DOI: 10.2217/pme.10.81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Interpatient variability in response to anticancer drugs is associated with different clinical outcomes, which is partially owing to the individual differences among patients. Many investigators have hoped that tumor heterogeneity would help to reveal the underlying mechanism of interpatient variability in response to anticancer therapy. Numerous studies have demonstrated the presence of intratumor heterogeneity and the heterogeneity in primary tumors and corresponding metastases in a wide range of tumors at different levels and have indicated that the heterogeneity might make sense as a potential determinant of anticancer therapy response. This article discusses tumor heterogeneity, focusing on the heterogeneity in primary tumors and corresponding metastases as well as the effect on anticancer therapy response. Furthermore, an idea of tumor-site-based personalized cancer therapy for patients with metastatic malignancies was hypothesized, and a strategy using a patient-derived tumor tissue xenograft model to realize this idea is also proposed in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ketao Jin
- Department of Surgical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China
- Department of Surgery, Affiliated Zhuji Hospital, Wenzhou Medical College, Zhuji, Zhejiang, China
| | - Kuifeng He
- Department of Surgical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China
| | - Fei Teng
- Faculty of Applied Science, Division of Engineering Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Na Han
- Sir Run Run Shaw Institute of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang University, Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guangliang Li
- Department of Surgical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China
| | - Zhenzhen Xu
- Sir Run Run Shaw Institute of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang University, Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Tiwari DK, Jin T, Behari J. Bio-distribution and toxicity assessment of intravenously injected anti-HER2 antibody conjugated CdSe/ZnS quantum dots in Wistar rats. Int J Nanomedicine 2011; 6:463-75. [PMID: 21499435 PMCID: PMC3075911 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s15124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2011] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Anti-HER2 antibody conjugated with quantum dots (anti-HER2ab-QDs) is a very recent fluorescent nanoprobe for HER2+ve breast cancer imaging. In this study we investigated in-vivo toxicity of anti-HER2ab conjugated CdSe/ZnS QDs in Wistar rats. For toxicity evaluation of injected QDs sample, body weight, organ coefficient, complete blood count (CBC), biochemistry panel assay (AST, ALT, ALP, and GGTP), comet assay, reactive oxygen species, histology, and apoptosis were determined. Wistar rat (8-10 weeks old) were randomly divided into 4 treatment groups (n = 6). CBC and biochemistry panel assay showed nonsignificant changes in the anti-HER2ab-QDs treated group but these changes were significant (P < 0.05) in QDs treated group. No tissue damage, inflammation, lesions, and QDs deposition were found in histology and TEM images of the anti-HER2ab-QDs treated group. Apoptosis in liver and kidney was not found in the anti-HER2ab-QDs treated group. Animals treated with nonconjugated QDs showed comet formation and apoptosis. Cadmium deposition was confirmed in the QDs treated group compared with the anti-HER2ab-QDs treated group. The QDs concentration (500 nM) used for this study is suitable for in-vivo imaging. The combine data of this study support the biocompatibility of anti-HER2ab-QDs for breast cancer imaging, suggesting that the antibody coating assists in controlling any possible adverse effect of quantum dots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhermendra K Tiwari
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Takashi Jin
- WPI-Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Jitendra Behari
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
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Current Awareness in Contrast Media and Molecular Imaging. CONTRAST MEDIA & MOLECULAR IMAGING 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/cmmi.287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Chen C, Xia HS, Gong YP, Peng J, Peng CW, Hu MB, Zhu XB, Pang DW, Sun SR, Li Y. The quantitative detection of total HER2 load by quantum dots and the identification of a new subtype of breast cancer with different 5-year prognosis. Biomaterials 2010; 31:8818-25. [PMID: 20723971 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2010.07.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2010] [Accepted: 07/26/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Accurate classification is fundamental for breast cancer (BC) personalized care. Current BC classification based on the either traditional morphological staging or molecular signatures seems inefficient to reveal the"true"behaviors of invasive BC evolution. An appropriate approach combining the macro- and micro-pathologic information might be more useful academically as well as clinically. Here we explore a holistic approach by integrating a key molecular prognostic indicator of BC, HER2, with quantitative determination using quantum dots (QDs)--based nanotechnology and spectral analysis, and a key macropathologic indicator, tumor size, resulting a new indicator, total HER2 load. This indicator might better reveal BC heterogeneity and new subtypes of BC with different 5-year disease-free survival compared with current methods, which could be helpful in formulating a more personalized targeted therapy for BC. Furthermore, this mode integrating macro- and micro-pathological indicators might help gain new insights into invasive BC biological behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuang Chen
- Department of Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, No 169 Donghu Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan 430071, PR China
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