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Manjit M, Kumar K, Kumar M, Jha A, Bharti K, Tiwari P, Tilak R, Singh V, Koch B, Mishra B. Fabrication of gelatin coated polycaprolactone nanofiber scaffolds co-loaded with luliconazole and naringenin for treatment of Candida infected diabetic wounds. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 261:129621. [PMID: 38278381 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
The current study focuses on the development of gelatin-coated polycaprolactone (PCL) nanofibers co-loaded with luliconazole and naringenin for accelerated healing of infected diabetic wounds. Inherently, PCL nanofibers have excellent biocompatibility and biodegradation profiles but lack bioadhesion characteristics, which limits their use as dressing materials. So, coating them with a biocompatible and hydrophilic material like gelatin can improve bioadhesion. The preparation of nanofibers was done with the electrospinning technique. The solid state characterization and in-vitro performance assessment of nanofibers indicate the formation of uniformly interconnected nanofibers of 200-400 nm in diameter with smooth surface topography, excellent drug entrapment, and a surface pH of 5.6-6.8. The antifungal study showed that the nanofiber matrix exhibits excellent biofilm inhibition activity against several strains of Candida. Further, in-vivo assessment of nanofiber performance on C. albicans infected wounds in diabetic rats indicated accelerated wound healing efficacy in comparison to gauge-treated groups. Additionally, a higher blood flow and rapid re-epithelialization of wound tissue in the treatment group corroborated with the results obtained in the wound closure study. Overall, the developed dual-drug-loaded electrospun nanofiber mats have good compatibility, surface properties, and excellent wound healing potential, which can provide an extra edge in the management of complex diabetic wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manjit Manjit
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, (BHU), Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Krishan Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, (BHU), Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Manish Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, (BHU), Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Abhishek Jha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, (BHU), Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Kanchan Bharti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, (BHU), Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Punit Tiwari
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Medical Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Ragini Tilak
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Medical Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Virendra Singh
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India.
| | - Biplob Koch
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India.
| | - Brahmeshwar Mishra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, (BHU), Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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2
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Szewczyk PK, Busolo T, Kar-Narayan S, Stachewicz U. Wear-Resistant Smart Textiles Using Nylon-11 Triboelectric Yarns. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:56575-56586. [PMID: 37985370 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c14156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
The ever-increasing demand for self-powered systems such as glucose biosensors and mixed reality devices has sparked significant interest in triboelectric generators, which hold large potential as renewable energy solutions. Our study explores new methods for integrating energy-harvesting capabilities into smart textiles by developing strong and efficient yarns that can convert mechanical energy into electrical energy through a triboelectric effect. Specifically, we focused on Nylon-11 (PA11), a material known for its crystalline structure well-suited for generating a powerful triboelectric response. To achieve this, we created triboelectric yarns by electrospinning PA11 fibers onto conductive carbon yarns, enabling energy-harvesting applications. Extensive testing demonstrated that these yarns possess exceptional durability, surpassing real-life usage requirements while experiencing minimal degradation. Additionally, we developed a prototype haptic device by interweaving tribopositive PA11 and tribonegative poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) triboelectric yarns. Our research has successfully yielded durable and efficient yarns with strong energy-harvesting capabilities, opening up possibilities for integrating smart textiles into practical scenarios. These technologies are promising steps to achieve greener and more reliable self-powered systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr K Szewczyk
- Faculty of Metals Engineering and Industrial Computer Science, AGH University of Krakow, Krakow 30-059, Poland
| | - Tommaso Busolo
- Department of Materials Science & Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FS, United Kingdom
| | - Sohini Kar-Narayan
- Department of Materials Science & Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FS, United Kingdom
| | - Urszula Stachewicz
- Faculty of Metals Engineering and Industrial Computer Science, AGH University of Krakow, Krakow 30-059, Poland
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3
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Al-Abduljabbar A, Farooq I. Electrospun Polymer Nanofibers: Processing, Properties, and Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 15:polym15010065. [PMID: 36616414 PMCID: PMC9823865 DOI: 10.3390/polym15010065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrospun polymer nanofibers (EPNF) constitute one of the most important nanomaterials with diverse applications. An overall review of EPNF is presented here, starting with an introduction to the most attractive features of these materials, which include the high aspect ratio and area to volume ratio as well as excellent processability through various production techniques. A review of these techniques is featured with a focus on electrospinning, which is the most widely used, with a detailed description and different types of the process. Polymers used in electrospinning are also reviewed with the solvent effect highlighted, followed by a discussion of the parameters of the electrospinning process. The mechanical properties of EPNF are discussed in detail with a focus on tests and techniques used for determining them, followed by a section for other properties including electrical, chemical, and optical properties. The final section is dedicated to the most important applications for EPNF, which constitute the driver for the relentless pursuit of their continuous development and improvement. These applications include biomedical application such as tissue engineering, wound healing and dressing, and drug delivery systems. In addition, sensors and biosensors applications, air filtration, defense applications, and energy devices are reviewed. A brief conclusion is presented at the end with the most important findings and directions for future research.
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4
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Cortelli G, Patruno L, Cramer T, Fraboni B, de Miranda S. In Situ Force Microscopy to Investigate Fracture in Stretchable Electronics: Insights on Local Surface Mechanics and Conductivity. ACS APPLIED ELECTRONIC MATERIALS 2022; 4:2831-2838. [PMID: 35782155 PMCID: PMC9245436 DOI: 10.1021/acsaelm.2c00328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Stretchable conductors are of crucial relevance for emerging technologies such as wearable electronics, low-invasive bioelectronic implants, or soft actuators for robotics. A critical issue for their development regards the understanding of defect formation and fracture of conducting pathways during stress-strain cycles. Here we present a combination of atomic force microscopy (AFM) methods that provides multichannel images of surface morphology, conductivity, and elastic modulus during sample deformation. To develop the method, we investigate in detail the mechanical interactions between the AFM tip and a stretched, free-standing thin film sample. Our findings reveal the conditions to avoid artifacts related to sample bending modes or resonant excitations. As an example, we analyze strain effects in thin gold films deposited on a soft silicone substrate. Our technique allows one to observe the details of microcrack opening during tensile strain and their impact on local current transport and surface mechanics. We find that although the film fractures into separate fragments, at higher strain a current transport is sustained by a tunneling mechanism. The microscopic observation of local defect formation and their correlation to local conductivity will provide insight into the design of more robust and fatigue resistant stretchable conductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Cortelli
- Department
of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering, University of Bologna, Viale del Risorgimento 2, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Luca Patruno
- Department
of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering, University of Bologna, Viale del Risorgimento 2, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Tobias Cramer
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, University of
Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Beatrice Fraboni
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, University of
Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefano de Miranda
- Department
of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering, University of Bologna, Viale del Risorgimento 2, 40136 Bologna, Italy
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5
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Yue H, Zeng Q, Huang J, Guo Z, Liu W. Fog collection behavior of bionic surface and large fog collector: A review. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 300:102583. [PMID: 34954474 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2021.102583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Water shortages are currently becoming more and more serious due to complicated factors such as the development of the economy, environmental pollution, and climate deterioration. And it is the best solution to the problems faced by people in today's world to investigate the bionic structure of nature and explore effective methods for fog collection. Herein, we've illustrated the bionic structures of the Namib desert beetle, cactus spines, and spider silk, and we imitate and further modify the respective bionic structures, as well as construct multifunctional bionic structures to improve fog collection. In addition, we also expound the fog collection behavior of a large fog collector, and an excellent fog capture effect was achieved through studying the mesh structure, the surface modification of the mesh, and the construction of the fog collector. The advantages and limitations of fog collection by a harp fog collector were also explored. We hope that through this review, relevant researchers can have a deeper understanding of this field and thus promote the development of fog collection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Yue
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Qinghong Zeng
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinxia Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhiguang Guo
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Weimin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
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6
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Anstey A, Chang E, Kim ES, Rizvi A, Kakroodi AR, Park CB, Lee PC. Nanofibrillated polymer systems: Design, application, and current state of the art. Prog Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2020.101346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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7
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Nauman S, Lubineau G, Alharbi HF. Post Processing Strategies for the Enhancement of Mechanical Properties of ENMs (Electrospun Nanofibrous Membranes): A Review. MEMBRANES 2021; 11:membranes11010039. [PMID: 33466446 PMCID: PMC7824849 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11010039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Electrospinning is a versatile technique which results in the formation of a fine web of fibers. The mechanical properties of electrospun fibers depend on the choice of solution constituents, processing parameters, environmental conditions, and collector design. Once electrospun, the fibrous web has little mechanical integrity and needs post fabrication treatments for enhancing its mechanical properties. The treatment strategies include both the chemical and physical techniques. The effect of these post fabrication treatments on the properties of electrospun membranes can be assessed through either conducting tests on extracted single fiber specimens or macro scale testing on membrane specimens. The latter scenario is more common in the literature due to its simplicity and low cost. In this review, a detailed literature survey of post fabrication strength enhancement strategies adopted for electrospun membranes has been presented. For optimum effect, enhancement strategies have to be implemented without significant loss to fiber morphology even though fiber diameters, porosity, and pore tortuosity are usually affected. A discussion of these treatments on fiber crystallinity, diameters, and mechanical properties has also been produced. The choice of a particular post fabrication strength enhancement strategy is dictated by the application area intended for the membrane system and permissible changes to the initial fibrous morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saad Nauman
- COHMAS Laboratory, Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
- MS&E Department, Institute of Space Technology, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
- Correspondence: (S.N.); (G.L.); Tel.: +92-343-5855387 or +92-051-9075567 (S.N.); +966-(12)-808-2983 (G.L.); Fax: +92-51-9273310 (S.N.)
| | - Gilles Lubineau
- COHMAS Laboratory, Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (S.N.); (G.L.); Tel.: +92-343-5855387 or +92-051-9075567 (S.N.); +966-(12)-808-2983 (G.L.); Fax: +92-51-9273310 (S.N.)
| | - Hamad F. Alharbi
- Mechanical Engineering Department, King Saud University, P.O. Box 800, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia;
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8
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Cozens EJ, Kong D, Roohpour N, Gautrot JE. The physico-chemistry of adhesions of protein resistant and weak polyelectrolyte brushes to cells and tissues. SOFT MATTER 2020; 16:505-522. [PMID: 31804646 DOI: 10.1039/c9sm01403a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The non-specific adhesion of polymers and soft tissues is of great interest to the field of biomedical engineering, as it will shed light on some of the processes that regulate interactions between scaffolds, implants and nanoparticles with surrounding tissues after implantation or delivery. In order to promote adhesion to soft tissues, a greater understanding of the relationship between polymer chemistry and nanoscale adhesion mechanisms is required. In this work, we grew poly(dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate) (PDMAEMA), poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) and poly(oligoethylene glycol methacrylate) (POEGMA) brushes from the surface of silica beads, and investigated their adhesion to a variety of substrates via colloidal probe-based atomic force microscopy (AFM). We first characterised adhesion to a range of substrates with defined surface chemistry (self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) with a range of hydrophilicities, charge and hydrogen bonding), before studying the adhesion of brushes to epithelial cell monolayers (primary keratinocytes and HaCaT cells) and soft tissues (porcine epicardium and keratinized gingiva). Adhesion assays to SAMs reveal the complex balance of interactions (electrostatic, van der Waals interactions and hydrogen bonding) regulating the adhesion of weak polyelectrolyte brushes. This resulted in particularly strong adhesion of PAA brushes to a wide range of surface chemistries. In turn, colloidal probe microscopy on cell monolayers highlighted the importance of the glycocalyx in regulating non-specific adhesions. This was also reflected by the adhesive properties of soft tissues, in combination with their mechanical properties. Overall, this work clearly demonstrates the complex nature of interactions between polymeric biomaterials and biological samples and highlights the need for relatively elaborate models to predict these interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward J Cozens
- Institute of Bioengineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS, UK.
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9
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Knapczyk-Korczak J, Szewczyk PK, Ura DP, Berent K, Stachewicz U. Hydrophilic nanofibers in fog collectors for increased water harvesting efficiency. RSC Adv 2020; 10:22335-22342. [PMID: 35514544 PMCID: PMC9054577 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra03939j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The water crisis is a big social problem and one of the solutions are the Fog Water Collectors (FWCs) that are placed in areas, where the use of conventional methods to collect water is impossible or inadequate. The most common fog collecting medium in FWC is Raschel mesh, which in our study is modified with electrospun polyamide 6 (PA6) nanofibers. The hydrophilic PA6 nanofibers were directly deposited on Raschel meshes to create the hierarchical structure that increases the effective surface area which enhances the ability to catch water droplets from fog. The meshes and the wetting behavior were investigated using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and environmental SEM (ESEM). We performed the fog water collection experiments on various configurations of Raschel meshes with hydrophilic PA6 nanofibers. The addition of hydrophilic nanofibers allowed us to obtain 3 times higher water collection rate of collecting water from fog. Within this study, we show the innovative and straightforward way to modify the existing technology that improves water collection by changing the mechanisms of droplet formation on the mesh. Modification of Raschel meshes used for fog water collectors with PA6 nanofibers allow to obtain 300% higher water collection rate in collecting water from fog.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Knapczyk-Korczak
- AGH University of Science and Technology
- Faculty of Metals Engineering and Industrial Computer Science
- International Centre of Electron Microscopy for Materials Science
- 30-059 Kraków
- Poland
| | - Piotr K. Szewczyk
- AGH University of Science and Technology
- Faculty of Metals Engineering and Industrial Computer Science
- International Centre of Electron Microscopy for Materials Science
- 30-059 Kraków
- Poland
| | - Daniel P. Ura
- AGH University of Science and Technology
- Faculty of Metals Engineering and Industrial Computer Science
- International Centre of Electron Microscopy for Materials Science
- 30-059 Kraków
- Poland
| | - Katarzyna Berent
- Academic Centre for Materials and Nanotechnology
- AGH University of Science and Technology
- Poland
| | - Urszula Stachewicz
- AGH University of Science and Technology
- Faculty of Metals Engineering and Industrial Computer Science
- International Centre of Electron Microscopy for Materials Science
- 30-059 Kraków
- Poland
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10
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Metwally S, Stachewicz U. Surface potential and charges impact on cell responses on biomaterials interfaces for medical applications. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 104:109883. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.109883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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11
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Peng K, Nain A, Mirzaeifar R. Tracking the origins of size dependency in the mechanical properties of polymeric nanofibers at the atomistic scale. POLYMER 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2019.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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12
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Yamaguchi D. Measurement system for adhesion force on single particles with microelectromechanical-based actuated tweezers. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2019; 90:045003. [PMID: 31043053 DOI: 10.1063/1.5086910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A system for measuring the adhesion force of a single particle using microelectromechanical-system-based actuated tweezers (nanotweezers) and an atomic force microscope (AFM) cantilever was developed. In the proposed technique, a particle picked up with nanotweezers is brought into contact with and separated from the cantilever. The adhesion force is determined by measuring the deflection of the cantilever at the instant of separation from the particle. The throughput of measurement is much improved compared with that of a colloid probe AFM because the particle is picked up and held only by gripping with the nanotweezers, rather than sample preparation by manual cantilever mounting. A measurement apparatus was designed to realize the proposed system, and a force-displacement curve was successfully obtained. In addition, decreases in the adhesion force due to external coating added to particles were measured using the prototype apparatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Yamaguchi
- Ricoh Company Ltd., 2-7-1 Izumi, Ebina, Kanagawa 243-040, Japan
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13
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Asghari Mooneghi S, Gharehaghaji AA, Hosseini-Toudeshky H, Torkaman G. Effect of fatigue loading on wicking properties of polyamide 66 nanofiber yarns. J Appl Polym Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/app.47206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Giti Torkaman
- Department of Physical Therapy; Tarbiat Modares University; Tehran Iran
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14
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Jahanmard-Hosseinabadi F, Amani-Tehran M, Eslaminejad MB. Mathematical Modeling and Experimental Evaluation for the predication of single nanofiber modulus. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2018; 79:38-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2017.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2017] [Revised: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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15
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Jiang S, Chen Y, Duan G, Mei C, Greiner A, Agarwal S. Electrospun nanofiber reinforced composites: a review. Polym Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8py00378e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 357] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
High performance electrospun nanofibers could be used to fabricate nanofiber reinforced composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaohua Jiang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- Nanjing Forestry University
- Nanjing 210037
- China
| | - Yiming Chen
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- Nanjing Forestry University
- Nanjing 210037
- China
| | - Gaigai Duan
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- Nanjing Forestry University
- Nanjing 210037
- China
| | - Changtong Mei
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- Nanjing Forestry University
- Nanjing 210037
- China
| | - Andreas Greiner
- University of Bayreuth
- Faculty of Biology
- Chemistry and Earth Sciences
- Macromolecular Chemistry II and Bayreuth Center for Colloids and Interfaces
- Germany
| | - Seema Agarwal
- University of Bayreuth
- Faculty of Biology
- Chemistry and Earth Sciences
- Macromolecular Chemistry II and Bayreuth Center for Colloids and Interfaces
- Germany
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16
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Salama A, Mohamed A, Aboamera NM, Osman T, Khattab A. Characterization and mechanical properties of cellulose acetate/carbon nanotube composite nanofibers. ADVANCES IN POLYMER TECHNOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/adv.21919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Salama
- Production Engineering and Printing Technology Department; Akhbar El Yom Academy; Giza Egypt
| | - Alaa Mohamed
- Production Engineering and Printing Technology Department; Akhbar El Yom Academy; Giza Egypt
- Egypt Nanotechnology Center; EGNC; Cairo University; Giza Egypt
| | - Nada M. Aboamera
- Production Engineering and Printing Technology Department; Akhbar El Yom Academy; Giza Egypt
| | - Tarek Osman
- Mechanical Design and Production Engineering Department; Cairo University; Giza Egypt
| | - Aly Khattab
- Mechanical Design and Production Engineering Department; Cairo University; Giza Egypt
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17
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Wang G, Yu D, Kelkar AD, Zhang L. Electrospun nanofiber: Emerging reinforcing filler in polymer matrix composite materials. Prog Polym Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2017.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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18
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Liu H, Gong Q, Yue Y, Guo L, Wang X. Sub-1 nm Nanowire Based Superlattice Showing High Strength and Low Modulus. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:8579-8585. [PMID: 28602071 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b03175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Polymers possess special dimension-dependent processing flexibility which is always absent in inorganic materials. Traditional inorganic nanowires own similar dimensions to polymers, but usually lack near-molecular diameters and the related properties. Here we report that inorganic nanowires with sub1 nm diameter and microscale length can be electrospinningly processed into superstructures including smooth fibers and large-area mat by tuning the viscosity and surface tension of the colloidal nanowires solution. These superstructures have shown both flexible texture and excellent mechanical properties (712.5 MPa for tensile strength, 10.3 GPa for elastic modulus) while retaining properties arising from inorganic components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiling Liu
- Lab of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University , Beijing, 100084, China.,Institute for New Energy Materials and Low-Carbon Technologies, Tianjin University of Technology , Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Qihua Gong
- School of Chemistry, Beihang University , Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yonghai Yue
- School of Chemistry, Beihang University , Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Lin Guo
- School of Chemistry, Beihang University , Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Xun Wang
- Lab of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University , Beijing, 100084, China
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19
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20
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Kennedy KM, Bhaw-Luximon A, Jhurry D. Cell-matrix mechanical interaction in electrospun polymeric scaffolds for tissue engineering: Implications for scaffold design and performance. Acta Biomater 2017; 50:41-55. [PMID: 28011142 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2016.12.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Revised: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Engineered scaffolds produced by electrospinning of biodegradable polymers offer a 3D, nanofibrous environment with controllable structural, chemical, and mechanical properties that mimic the extracellular matrix of native tissues and have shown promise for a number of tissue engineering applications. The microscale mechanical interactions between cells and electrospun matrices drive cell behaviors including migration and differentiation that are critical to promote tissue regeneration. Recent developments in understanding these mechanical interactions in electrospun environments are reviewed, with emphasis on how fiber geometry and polymer structure impact on the local mechanical properties of scaffolds, how altering the micromechanics cues cell behaviors, and how, in turn, cellular and extrinsic forces exerted on the matrix mechanically remodel an electrospun scaffold throughout tissue development. Techniques used to measure and visualize these mechanical interactions are described. We provide a critical outlook on technological gaps that must be overcome to advance the ability to design, assess, and manipulate the mechanical environment in electrospun scaffolds toward constructs that may be successfully applied in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Tissue engineering requires design of scaffolds that interact with cells to promote tissue development. Electrospinning is a promising technique for fabricating fibrous, biomimetic scaffolds. Effects of electrospun matrix microstructure and biochemical properties on cell behavior have been extensively reviewed previously; here, we consider cell-matrix interaction from a mechanical perspective. Micromechanical properties as a driver of cell behavior has been well established in planar substrates, but more recently, many studies have provided new insights into mechanical interaction in fibrillar, electrospun environments. This review provides readers with an overview of how electrospun scaffold mechanics and cell behavior work in a dynamic feedback loop to drive tissue development, and discusses opportunities for improved design of mechanical environments that are conducive to tissue development.
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Chowdhury MR, Huang L, McCutcheon JR. Thin Film Composite Membranes for Forward Osmosis Supported by Commercial Nanofiber Nonwovens. Ind Eng Chem Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.6b04256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maqsud R. Chowdhury
- Department of Chemical and
Biomolecular Engineering and Center for Environmental Sciences and
Engineering, University of Connecticut, 191 Auditorium Road, Unit 3222, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3222, United States
| | - Liwei Huang
- Department of Chemical and
Biomolecular Engineering and Center for Environmental Sciences and
Engineering, University of Connecticut, 191 Auditorium Road, Unit 3222, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3222, United States
| | - Jeffrey R. McCutcheon
- Department of Chemical and
Biomolecular Engineering and Center for Environmental Sciences and
Engineering, University of Connecticut, 191 Auditorium Road, Unit 3222, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3222, United States
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22
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Yang Y, Chen W, Hacopian E, Dong P, Sun A, Ci L, Lou J. Unveil the Size-Dependent Mechanical Behaviors of Individual CNT/SiC Composite Nanofibers by In Situ Tensile Tests in SEM. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2016; 12:4486-4491. [PMID: 27400777 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201601113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Revised: 06/12/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In situ quantitative tensile tests of individual carbon nanotube (CNT)/SiC core-shell nanofibers are carried out in both a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and a transmission electron microscope (TEM). The incorporation of CNTs into a SiC matrix led to improved elastic modulus and fracture strength of the CNT/SiC nanofibers as compared to SiC alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingchao Yang
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Weibing Chen
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Emily Hacopian
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Pei Dong
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Anqi Sun
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Lijie Ci
- SDU & Rice Joint Lab for Carbon Nanomaterials, Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution & Processing of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250061, China
| | - Jun Lou
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
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Neugirg BR, Koebley SR, Schniepp HC, Fery A. AFM-based mechanical characterization of single nanofibres. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:8414-8426. [PMID: 27055900 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr00863a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Nanofibres are found in a broad variety of hierarchical biological systems as fundamental structural units, and nanofibrillar components are playing an increasing role in the development of advanced functional materials. Accurate determination of the mechanical properties of single nanofibres is thus of great interest, yet measurement of these properties is challenging due to the intricate specimen handling and the exceptional force and deformation resolution that is required. The atomic force microscope (AFM) has emerged as an effective, reliable tool in the investigation of nanofibrillar mechanics, with the three most popular approaches-AFM-based tensile testing, three-point deformation testing, and nanoindentation-proving preferable to conventional tensile testing in many (but not all) cases. Here, we review the capabilities and limitations of each of these methods and give a comprehensive overview of the recent advances in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedikt R Neugirg
- Department of Physical Chemistry II, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth 95440, Germany
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24
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An Y, Li D, Roohpour N, Gautrot JE, Barber AH. Failure mechanisms in denture adhesives. Dent Mater 2016; 32:615-23. [PMID: 26880054 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2016.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The mechanical properties of bio adhesives in oral care application are expected to be critical in defining the stability and release of devices such as dentures from the oral tissue. A multiscale experimental mechanical approach is used to evaluate the performance of denture adhesive materials. METHODS The inherent mechanical behavior of denture fixatives was examined by separating adhesive material from a representative polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) surface using atomic force microscopy (AFM) approaches and compared to macroscopic mechanical testing. RESULTS Failure of denture adhesive material was found to be critically dependent on the formation of fibrillar structures within the adhesive. Small scale mechanical testing provided evidence for the mechanical properties of the fibrillar structures formed within the adhesive in macroscopic mechanical testing and indicated the importance of the forces required to fail the adhesive at these small length scales in controlling both the maximum forces sustained by the bulk material as well as the ease of separating the adhesive from PMMA surfaces. SIGNIFICANCE Our results are important in defining the performance of denture fixative materials and their control of adhesive behavior, allowing the potential to tune properties required in the adhesion and removal of dentures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiran An
- Institute of Bioengineering, University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK; School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - Danyang Li
- Institute of Bioengineering, University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK; School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - Nima Roohpour
- Consumer Healthcare R&D, GlaxoSmithKlein, St George's Ave, Weybridge KT13 0DE, UK
| | - Julien E Gautrot
- Institute of Bioengineering, University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK; School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK.
| | - Asa H Barber
- Institute of Bioengineering, University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK; School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK; School of Engineering, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 3DJ, UK.
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25
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Corrales TP, Friedemann K, Fuchs R, Roy C, Crespy D, Kappl M. Breaking Nano-Spaghetti: Bending and Fracture Tests of Nanofibers. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2016; 32:1389-1395. [PMID: 26750590 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b04176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Nanofibers composed of silica nanoparticles, used as structural building blocks, and polystyrene nanoparticles introduced as sacrificial material are fabricated by bicolloidal electrospinning. During fiber calcination, sacrificial particles are combusted leaving voids with controlled average sizes. The mechanical properties of the sintered silica fibers with voids are investigated by suspending the nanofiber over a gap and performing three-point bending experiments with atomic force microscopy. We investigate three different cases: fibers without voids and with 60 or 260 nm voids. For each case, we study how the introduction of the voids can be used to control the mechanical stiffness and fracture properties of the fibers. Fibers with no voids break in their majority at a single fracture point (70% of cases), segmenting the fiber into two pieces, while the remaining cases (30%) fracture at multiple points, leaving a gap in the suspended fiber. On the other hand, fibers with 60 nm voids fracture in only 25% of the cases at a single point, breaking predominantly at multiple points (75%). Finally, fibers with 260 nm voids fracture roughly in equal proportions leaving two and multiple pieces (46% vs 54%, respectively). The present study is a prerequisite for processes involving the controlled sectioning of nanofibers to yield anisometric particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas P Corrales
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Instituto de Alta Investigacion, Universidad de Tarapaca , Casilla 7-D, Arica, Chile
| | - Kathrin Friedemann
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Regina Fuchs
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Clément Roy
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Graduate School of Engineering, University of Nantes , 2, rue de la Houssinière, FR 44322 Nantes, Cedex 3, France
| | - Daniel Crespy
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC), 555 Moo 1, Payupnai, Wangchan, Rayong 21210, Thailand
| | - Michael Kappl
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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Stachewicz U, Bailey RJ, Zhang H, Stone CA, Willis CR, Barber AH. Wetting Hierarchy in Oleophobic 3D Electrospun Nanofiber Networks. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:16645-16652. [PMID: 26176304 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b04272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Wetting behavior between electrospun nanofibrous networks and liquids is of critical importance in many applications including filtration and liquid-repellent textiles. The relationship between intrinsic nanofiber properties, including surface characteristics, and extrinsic nanofibrous network organization on resultant wetting characteristics of the nanofiber network is shown in this work. Novel 3D imaging exploiting focused ion beam (FIB) microscopy and cryo-scanning electron microscopy (cryo-SEM) highlights a wetting hierarchy that defines liquid interactions with the network. Specifically, small length scale partial wetting between individual electrospun nanofibers and low surface tension liquids, measured both using direct SEM visualization and a nano Wilhelmy balance approach, provides oleophobic surfaces due to the high porosity of electrospun nanofiber networks. These observations conform to a metastable Cassie-Baxter regime and are important in defining general rules for understanding the wetting behavior between fibrous solids and low surface tension liquids for omniphobic functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urszula Stachewicz
- §International Centre of Electron Microscopy for Materials Science and Faculty of Metals Engineering and Industrial Computer Science, AGH University of Science and Technology, Al. A. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland
| | | | | | | | | | - Asa H Barber
- ⊥School of Engineering, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 3DJ, United Kingdom
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28
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Mohammadzadehmoghadam S, Dong Y, Jeffery Davies I. Recent progress in electrospun nanofibers: Reinforcement effect and mechanical performance. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.23762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yu Dong
- Department of Mechanical Engineering; Curtin University; GPO Box U1987 Perth Western Australia 6845 Australia
| | - Ian Jeffery Davies
- Department of Mechanical Engineering; Curtin University; GPO Box U1987 Perth Western Australia 6845 Australia
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Barber AH, Lu D, Pugno NM. Extreme strength observed in limpet teeth. J R Soc Interface 2015; 12:20141326. [PMID: 25694539 PMCID: PMC4387522 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2014.1326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The teeth of limpets exploit distinctive composite nanostructures consisting of high volume fractions of reinforcing goethite nanofibres within a softer protein phase to provide mechanical integrity when rasping over rock surfaces during feeding. The tensile strength of discrete volumes of limpet tooth material measured using in situ atomic force microscopy was found to range from 3.0 to 6.5 GPa and was independent of sample size. These observations highlight an absolute material tensile strength that is the highest recorded for a biological material, outperforming the high strength of spider silk currently considered to be the strongest natural material, and approaching values comparable to those of the strongest man-made fibres. This considerable tensile strength of limpet teeth is attributed to a high mineral volume fraction of reinforcing goethite nanofibres with diameters below a defect-controlled critical size, suggesting that natural design in limpet teeth is optimized towards theoretical strength limits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asa H Barber
- School of Engineering, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 3DJ, UK School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - Dun Lu
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - Nicola M Pugno
- Laboratory of Bio-Inspired and Graphene Nanomechanics, Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, Università di Trento, via Mesiano, 77, 38123 Trento, Italy Center for Materials and Microsystems, Fondazione Bruno Kessler, Via Sommarive 18, 38123 Povo (Trento), Italy School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK
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Wang C, Frogley MD, Cinque G, Liu LQ, Barber AH. Molecular force transfer mechanisms in graphene oxide paper evaluated using atomic force microscopy and in situ synchrotron micro FT-IR spectroscopy. NANOSCALE 2014; 6:14404-14411. [PMID: 25333424 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr03646h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The mechanical properties of graphene oxide (GO) paper are critically defined both by the mechanical properties of the constituent GO sheets and the interaction between these sheets. Functional carbonyl and carboxyl groups decorating defects, expected to be predominantly sheet edges of the GO, are shown to transfer forces to the in-plane carbon-carbon bonding using a novel technique combining atomic force microscopy (AFM) to mechanically deform discrete volumes of GO materials while synchrotron Fourier-transform infra-red (FTIR) microspectroscopy evaluated molecular level bond deformation mechanisms of the GO. Spectroscopic absorption peaks corresponding to in-plane aromatic C=C bonds from GO sheets were observed to shift during tensile tests. Importantly, FTIR provided information on clear absorption peak shifts from C=O bonds linking along the GO sheet edges, indicating transfer of forces between both C=C and C=O bonds during tensile deformation. Grüneisen parameters were used to quantitatively link the macroscopic FTIR peak shifts to molecular level chemical bond strains, with relatively low bond strains prevalent when applying external forces to the GO paper suggesting probing of hydrogen bonding interactions. We propose a mechanistic description of molecular interactions between GO sheets in the paper from these experiments, which is important in future strategies for further modification and improvement of GO-based materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congwei Wang
- Department of Materials, School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK.
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31
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Asghari Mooneghi S, Gharehaghaji AA, Hosseini-Toudeshky H, Torkaman G. Tensile fatigue behavior of polyamide 66 nanofiber yarns. POLYM ENG SCI 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.24019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Giti Torkaman
- Department of Physical Therapy; Tarbiat Modares University; Tehran Iran
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Stachewicz U, Hang F, Barber AH. Adhesion anisotropy between contacting electrospun fibers. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2014; 30:6819-25. [PMID: 24845626 DOI: 10.1021/la5004337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The mechanical properties of electrospun fiber networks are critical in a range of applications from filtration to tissue engineering and are dependent on the adhesion between contacting fibers within the network. This adhesion is complex as electrospun networks exhibit a variety of contacts, including both cross-cylinder and parallel fiber configurations. In situ atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used to quantify the work of adhesion between a pair of individual electrospun polyamide fibers using controlled orientations and measurable contact areas. The work of adhesion was found to depend strongly on the fiber-fiber contact, with the separation of fibers in a parallel fiber configuration exhibiting considerably higher work of adhesion across a range of contact lengths than a cross-cylinder configuration. Our work therefore highlights direction-dependent adhesion behavior between electrospun fibers due to a suggested polymer chain orientation mechanism which increases net van der Waals interactions and indicates the variability of adhesion within a random electrospun fiber network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urszula Stachewicz
- Nanoforce Technology Ltd. and ‡Department of Materials, School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London , Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
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Hang F, Gupta HS, Barber AH. Nanointerfacial strength between non-collagenous protein and collagen fibrils in antler bone. J R Soc Interface 2013; 11:20130993. [PMID: 24352676 PMCID: PMC3899868 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2013.0993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Antler bone displays considerable toughness through the use of a complex nanofibrous structure of mineralized collagen fibrils (MCFs) bound together by non-collagenous proteins (NCPs). While the NCP regions represent a small volume fraction relative to the MCFs, significant surface area is evolved upon failure of the nanointerfaces formed at NCP-collagen fibril boundaries. The mechanical properties of nanointerfaces between the MCFs are investigated directly in this work using an in situ atomic force microscopy technique to pull out individual fibrils from the NCP. Results show that the NCP-fibril interfaces in antler bone are weak, which highlights the propensity for interface failure at the nanoscale in antler bone and extensive fibril pullout observed at antler fracture surfaces. The adhesion between fibrils and NCP is additionally suggested as being rate dependent, with increasing interfacial strength and fracture energy observed when pullout velocity decreases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Hang
- Department of Materials, School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, , Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK
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35
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Richard-Lacroix M, Pellerin C. Molecular Orientation in Electrospun Fibers: From Mats to Single Fibers. Macromolecules 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ma401681m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marie Richard-Lacroix
- Département de chimie
and Centre for Self-Assembled Chemical Structures, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Christian Pellerin
- Département de chimie
and Centre for Self-Assembled Chemical Structures, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
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Stachewicz U, Bailey RJ, Wang W, Barber AH. Size dependent mechanical properties of electrospun polymer fibers from a composite structure. POLYMER 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2012.08.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Jiang S, Duan G, Hou H, Greiner A, Agarwal S. Novel layer-by-layer procedure for making nylon-6 nanofiber reinforced high strength, tough, and transparent thermoplastic polyurethane composites. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2012; 4:4366-4372. [PMID: 22817392 DOI: 10.1021/am3010225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We highlight a novel composite fabrication method based on solution casting, electrospinning, and film stacking for preparing highly transparent nylon-6 nanofiber reinforced thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) composite films. The procedure is simple and can be extended to the other thermoplastics. The morphology of fiber/matrix interface and the properties of composite films were also investigated. The method led to a significant reinforcement in mechanical properties of TPU like tensile strength, E modulus, strain, and toughness just using very small amounts of nylon fibers (about 0.4-1.7 wt %; 150-300 nm diameter). The enhanced mechanical properties were achieved without sacrificing optical properties like transparency of TPU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaohua Jiang
- Philipps-Universität Marburg, Department of Chemistry and Scientific Center of Materials Science, Hans-Meerwein-Str., D-35032 Marburg, Germany
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Stachewicz U, Modaresifar F, Bailey RJ, Peijs T, Barber AH. Manufacture of void-free electrospun polymer nanofiber composites with optimized mechanical properties. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2012; 4:2577-2582. [PMID: 22524442 DOI: 10.1021/am300235r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Engineered fiber reinforced polymer composites require effective impregnation of polymer matrix within the fibers to form coherent interfaces. In this work, we investigated solution interactions with electrospun fiber mats for the manufacture of nanocomposites with optimized mechanical properties. Void free composites of electrospun nonwoven PA6 nanofibers were manufactured using a PVA matrix that is introduced into the nonwoven mat using a solution-based processing method. The highest failure stress of the composites was reported for an optimum 16 wt % of PVA in solution, indicating the removal of voids in the composite as the PVA solution both impregnates the nanofiber network and fills all the pores of the network with PVA matrix upon evaporation of the solvent. These processing methods are effective for achieving coherent nanofiber-matrix interfaces, with further functionality demonstrated for optically transparent electrospun nanofiber composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urszula Stachewicz
- Nanoforce Technology Ltd., School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
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Jiang S, Hou H, Greiner A, Agarwal S. Tough and transparent nylon-6 electrospun nanofiber reinforced melamine-formaldehyde composites. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2012; 4:2597-2603. [PMID: 22548451 DOI: 10.1021/am300286m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The use of nylon-6 electrospun nanofiber mats as reinforcement with synergistic effect in tensile strength and toughness for melamine-formaldehyde (MF) resin is highlighted in this article. Interestingly, there was a drastic effect of the wetting procedure of reinforcing fiber mat by the MF resin on the morphology and mechanical properties of the composites. The wetting of nylon fibers by passing through a solution of MF resin showed a core-shell morphology and a significant improvement in properties as compared to the dip-coating procedure for wetting of the fibers. Depending on the wt% of reinforcing nylon fiber mats, the composites could be considered as either fiber reinforced MF composites or MF glued nylon fibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaohua Jiang
- Philipps-Universität Marburg, Department of Chemistry, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse, D-35032 Marburg, Germany
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Bailey RJ, Cortes-Ballesteros B, Zhang H, Wang C, Barber AH. Measuring size-dependent mechanical properties of electrospun polystyrene fibers using in-situ AFM-SEM. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1557/opl.2012.75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACTThe mechanical properties of individual electrospun polystyrene fibers with sub-micron diameters were measured using a combination of atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The strain to failure of the electrospun fibers was observed to increase as the fiber diameter decreased. This size dependent mechanical behavior in individual electrospun polystyrene fibers indicates a suppression of localized failure and a shift away from crazing that is dominant in bulk samples.
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Jimenez-Palomar I, Shipov A, Shahar R, Barber AH. Influence of SEM vacuum on bone micromechanics using in situ AFM. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2012; 5:149-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2011.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2011] [Revised: 08/17/2011] [Accepted: 08/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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42
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Stachewicz U, Stone CA, Willis CR, Barber AH. Charge assisted tailoring of chemical functionality at electrospun nanofiber surfaces. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2jm33807f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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43
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Wang W, Barber AH. Measurement of size-dependent glass transition temperature in electrospun polymer fibers using AFM nanomechanical testing. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.23030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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