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Aslan TN. Relaxivity properties of magnetoferritin: The iron loading effect. J Biosci Bioeng 2022; 133:474-480. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2022.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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2
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Gorobets S, Gorobets O, Gorobets Y, Bulaievska M. Chain-Like Structures of Biogenic and Nonbiogenic Magnetic Nanoparticles in Vascular Tissues. Bioelectromagnetics 2022; 43:119-143. [PMID: 35077582 DOI: 10.1002/bem.22390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, slices of organs from various organisms (animals, plants, fungi) were investigated by using atomic force microscopy and magnetic force microscopy to identify common features of localization of both biogenic and nonbiogenic magnetic nanoparticles. It was revealed that both biogenic and nonbiogenic magnetic nanoparticles are localized in the form of chains of separate nanoparticles or chains of conglomerates of nanoparticles in the walls of the capillaries of animals and the walls of the conducting tissue of plants and fungi. Both biogenic and nonbiogenic magnetic nanoparticles are embedded as a part of the transport system in multicellular organisms. In connection with this, a new idea of the function of biogenic magnetic nanoparticles is discussed, that the chains of biogenic magnetic nanoparticles and chains of conglomerates of biogenic magnetic nanoparticles represent ferrimagnetic organelles of a specific purpose. Besides, magnetic dipole-dipole interaction of biogenic magnetic nanoparticles with magnetically labeled drugs or contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging should be considered when designing the drug delivery and other medical systems because biogenic magnetic nanoparticles in capillary walls will serve as the trapping centers for the artificial magnetic nanoparticles. The aggregates of both artificial and biogenic magnetic nanoparticles can be formed, contributing to the risk of vascular occlusion. Bioelectromagnetics. 43:119-143, 2022. © 2021 Bioelectromagnetics Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svitlana Gorobets
- National Technical University of Ukraine "Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute", Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Oksana Gorobets
- National Technical University of Ukraine "Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute", Kyiv, Ukraine.,Institute of Magnetism NAS of Ukraine and MES of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Yuri Gorobets
- National Technical University of Ukraine "Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute", Kyiv, Ukraine.,Institute of Magnetism NAS of Ukraine and MES of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Maryna Bulaievska
- National Technical University of Ukraine "Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute", Kyiv, Ukraine
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3
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The Impact of Redox, Hydrolysis and Dehydration Chemistry on the Structural and Magnetic Properties of Magnetoferritin Prepared in Variable Thermal Conditions. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26226960. [PMID: 34834056 PMCID: PMC8619319 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26226960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ferritin, a spherically shaped protein complex, is responsible for iron storage in bacteria, plants, animals, and humans. Various ferritin iron core compositions in organisms are associated with specific living requirements, health state, and different biochemical roles of ferritin isomers. Magnetoferritin, a synthetic ferritin derivative, serves as an artificial model system of unusual iron phase structures found in humans. We present the results of a complex structural study of magnetoferritins prepared by controlled in vitro synthesis. Using various complementary methods, it was observed that manipulation of the synthesis technology can improve the physicochemical parameters of the system, which is useful in applications. Thus, a higher synthesis temperature leads to an increase in magnetization due to the formation of the magnetite phase. An increase in the iron loading factor has a more pronounced impact on the protein shell structure in comparison with the pH of the aqueous medium. On the other hand, a higher loading factor at physiological temperature enhances the formation of an amorphous phase instead of magnetite crystallization. It was confirmed that the iron-overloading effect alone (observed during pathological events) cannot contribute to the formation of magnetite.
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4
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Koralewski M, Baranowski M, Ryzner A. Probing physical invariance between enantiomers: The magnetooptical and refractive properties of the simplest chiral amino acid – Alanine. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.117279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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5
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Balejcikova L, Molcan M, Kovac J, Kubovcikova M, Saksl K, Mitroova Z, Timko M, Kopcansky P. Hyperthermic effect in magnetoferritin aqueous colloidal solution. J Mol Liq 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2019.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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6
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Xue L, Deng D, Sun J. Magnetoferritin: Process, Prospects, and Their Biomedical Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E2426. [PMID: 31100837 PMCID: PMC6567256 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20102426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 05/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ferritin is a spherical iron storage protein composed of 24 subunits and an iron core. Using biomimetic mineralization, magnetic iron oxide can be synthesized in the cavity of ferritin to form magnetoferritin (MFt). MFt, also known as a superparamagnetic protein, is a novel magnetic nanomaterial with good biocompatibility and flexibility for biomedical applications. Recently, it has been demonstrated that MFt had tumor targetability and a peroxidase-like catalytic activity. Thus, MFt, with its many unique properties, provides a powerful platform for tumor diagnosis and therapy. In this review, we discuss the biomimetic synthesis and biomedical applications of MFt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Xue
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Dawei Deng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Jianfei Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.
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Worster SB, Hore PJ. Proposal to use superparamagnetic nanoparticles to test the role of cryptochrome in magnetoreception. J R Soc Interface 2018; 15:20180587. [PMID: 30381345 PMCID: PMC6228473 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2018.0587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence is accumulating to support the hypothesis that some animals use light-induced radical pairs to detect the direction of the Earth's magnetic field. Cryptochrome proteins seem to be involved in the sensory pathway but it is not yet clear if they are the magnetic sensors: they could, instead, play a non-magnetic role as signal transducers downstream of the primary sensor. Here we propose an experiment with the potential to distinguish these functions. The principle is to use superparamagnetic nanoparticles to disable any magnetic sensing role by enhancing the electron spin relaxation of the radicals so as to destroy their spin correlation. We use spin dynamics simulations to show that magnetoferritin, a synthetic, protein-based nanoparticle, has the required properties. If cryptochrome is the primary sensor, then it should be inactivated by a magnetoferritin particle placed 12-16 nm away. This would prevent a bird from using its magnetic compass in behavioural tests and abolish magnetically sensitive neuronal firing in the retina. The key advantage of such an experiment is that any signal transduction role should be completely unaffected by the tiny magnetic interactions (≪kBT) required to enhance the spin relaxation of the radical pair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susannah Bourne Worster
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, UK
| | - P J Hore
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, UK
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Kaczmarek K, Hornowski T, Kubovčíková M, Timko M, Koralewski M, Józefczak A. Heating Induced by Therapeutic Ultrasound in the Presence of Magnetic Nanoparticles. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:11554-11564. [PMID: 29560717 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b02496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The efficiency of ultrasound hyperthermia for anti-cancer treatments such as radiotherapy or chemotherapy can be improved by using sonosensitizers, which are materials that enhance the attenuation and dissipation of acoustic energy. We propose the use of magnetic nanoparticles as sonosensitizers because of their biocompatibility, nontoxicity, and common use in several medical applications. A magnetic material was synthetized and then incorporated in the form of a magnetic fluid in agar tissue-mimicking phantoms. Ultrasound hyperthermia studies were conducted at various ultrasound frequencies and concentrations of magnetic nanoparticles in the phantoms. The theoretical modeling based on a heat transfer equation and the experimental results show good agreement and confirm that the temperature rise during ultrasound heating in tissue-mimicking phantoms doped with sonosensitizers is greater than that in a pure agar phantom. Furthermore, on the basis of Pennes' bio-heat equation, which takes into consideration the blood perfusion and metabolic heat, the thermal dose and lesion shapes after sonication were determined for a hypothetical tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Martina Kubovčíková
- Institute of Experimental Physics , Slovak Academy of Sciences , Watsonova 47 , Košice 040 01 , Slovakia
| | - Milan Timko
- Institute of Experimental Physics , Slovak Academy of Sciences , Watsonova 47 , Košice 040 01 , Slovakia
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9
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Koralewski M, Balejčíková L, Mitróová Z, Pochylski M, Baranowski M, Kopčanský P. Morphology and Magnetic Structure of the Ferritin Core during Iron Loading and Release by Magnetooptical and NMR Methods. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:7777-7787. [PMID: 29417811 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b18304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Ferritins are proteins, which serve as a storage and transportation capsule for iron inside living organisms. Continuously charging the proteins with iron and releasing it from the ferritin is necessary to assure proper management of these important ions within the organism. On the other hand, synthetic ferritins have great potential for biomedical and technological applications. In this work, the behavior of ferritin during the processes of iron loading and release was examined using multiplicity of the experimental technique. The quality of the protein's shell was monitored using circular dichroism, whereas the average size and its distribution were estimated from dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy images, respectively. Because of the magnetic behavior of the iron mineral, a number of magnetooptical methods were used to gain information on the iron core of the ferritin. Faraday rotation and magnetic linear birefringence studies provide evidence that the iron loading and the iron-release processes are not symmetrical. The spatial organization of the mineral within the protein's core changes depending on whether the iron was incorporated into or removed from the ferritin's shell. Magnetic optical rotatory dispersion spectra exclude the contribution of the Fe(II)-composed mineral, whereas joined magnetooptical and nuclear magnetic resonance results indicate that no mineral with high magnetization appear at any stage of the loading/release process. These findings suggest that the iron core of loaded/released ferritin consists of single-phase, that is, ferrihydrite. The presented results demonstrate the usefulness of emerging magnetooptical methods in biomedical research and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marceli Koralewski
- Faculty of Physics , Adam Mickiewicz University , Umultowska 85 , 61-614 Poznań , Poland
| | - Lucia Balejčíková
- Institute of Experimental Physics , SAS , Watsonova 47 , 040 01 Kosice , Slovakia
- Institute of Measurement Science , SAS , Dubravska cesta 9 , 841 04 Bratislava 4 , Slovakia
| | - Zuzana Mitróová
- Institute of Experimental Physics , SAS , Watsonova 47 , 040 01 Kosice , Slovakia
| | - Mikołaj Pochylski
- Faculty of Physics , Adam Mickiewicz University , Umultowska 85 , 61-614 Poznań , Poland
| | - Mikołaj Baranowski
- Faculty of Physics , Adam Mickiewicz University , Umultowska 85 , 61-614 Poznań , Poland
| | - Peter Kopčanský
- Institute of Experimental Physics , SAS , Watsonova 47 , 040 01 Kosice , Slovakia
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10
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Gorobets O, Gorobets S, Koralewski M. Physiological origin of biogenic magnetic nanoparticles in health and disease: from bacteria to humans. Int J Nanomedicine 2017; 12:4371-4395. [PMID: 28652739 PMCID: PMC5476634 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s130565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery of biogenic magnetic nanoparticles (BMNPs) in the human brain gives a strong impulse to study and understand their origin. Although knowledge of the subject is increasing continuously, much remains to be done for further development to help our society fight a number of pathologies related to BMNPs. This review provides an insight into the puzzle of the physiological origin of BMNPs in organisms of all three domains of life: prokaryotes, archaea, and eukaryotes, including humans. Predictions based on comparative genomic studies are presented along with experimental data obtained by physical methods. State-of-the-art understanding of the genetic control of biomineralization of BMNPs and their properties are discussed in detail. We present data on the differences in BMNP levels in health and disease (cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, and atherosclerosis), and discuss the existing hypotheses on the biological functions of BMNPs, with special attention paid to the role of the ferritin core and apoferritin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oksana Gorobets
- National Technical University of Ukraine (Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute)
- Institute of Magnetism, National Academy of Sciences, Kiev, Ukraine
| | - Svitlana Gorobets
- National Technical University of Ukraine (Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute)
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Balejčíková L, Garamus VM, Avdeev MV, Petrenko VI, Almásy L, Kopčanský P. The effect of solution pH on the structural stability of magnetoferritin. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2017; 156:375-381. [PMID: 28551571 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2017.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Revised: 05/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The structural stability of magnetoferritin, a synthetic analogue of ferritin, at various pH levels is assessed here. The structural and electrical properties of the complexes were determined by small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), dynamic light scattering (DLS) and zeta potential measurements. At pH 3-6 a reduction of electrostatic repulsion on the suspended colloids resulted in aggregation and sedimentation of magnetoferritin. At neutral to slightly alkaline conditions (pH 7-9) the magnetoferritin structure was stable for lower iron loadings. Higher solution pH 10-12 induced destabilization of the protein structure and dissociation of subunits. Increasing the loading factor in the MFer complex leads to decrease of the stability versus pH changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Balejčíková
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Watsonova 47, 04001 Košice, Slovakia.
| | - V M Garamus
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Centre for Materials and Coastal Research, Max-Planck-Street 1, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany
| | - M V Avdeev
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Joliot-Curie 6, 141980 Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - V I Petrenko
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Joliot-Curie 6, 141980 Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia; Kyiv Taras Shevchenko National University, Volodymyrska Street 64, Kyiv 01033, Ukraine
| | - L Almásy
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for Nonmetal Composites and Functional Materials, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China; Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-1525, Budapest POB 49, Hungary
| | - P Kopčanský
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Watsonova 47, 04001 Košice, Slovakia
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12
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Majorosova J, Petrenko VI, Siposova K, Timko M, Tomasovicova N, Garamus VM, Koralewski M, Avdeev MV, Leszczynski B, Jurga S, Gazova Z, Hayryan S, Hu CK, Kopcansky P. On the adsorption of magnetite nanoparticles on lysozyme amyloid fibrils. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2016; 146:794-800. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2016.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Revised: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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13
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Melníková L, Petrenko V, Avdeev M, Garamus V, Almásy L, Ivankov O, Bulavin L, Mitróová Z, Kopčanský P. Effect of iron oxide loading on magnetoferritin structure in solution as revealed by SAXS and SANS. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2014; 123:82-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2014.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2014] [Revised: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 08/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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14
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Melníková L, Mitróová Z, Timko M, Kováč J, Avdeev MV, Petrenko VI, Garamus VM, Almásy L, Kopčanský P. Structural characterization of magnetoferritin. MENDELEEV COMMUNICATIONS 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mencom.2014.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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15
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Melnikova L, Pospiskova K, Mitroova Z, Kopcansky P, Safarik I. Peroxidase-like activity of magnetoferritin. Mikrochim Acta 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-013-1105-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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16
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Yeh YJ, Black AJ, Akkin T. Spectral-domain low-coherence interferometry for phase-sensitive measurement of Faraday rotation at multiple depths. APPLIED OPTICS 2013; 52:7165-70. [PMID: 24217734 PMCID: PMC3907187 DOI: 10.1364/ao.52.007165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2013] [Accepted: 09/19/2013] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
We describe a method for differential phase measurement of Faraday rotation from multiple depth locations simultaneously. A polarization-maintaining fiber-based spectral-domain interferometer that utilizes a low-coherent light source and a single camera is developed. Light decorrelated by the orthogonal channels of the fiber is launched on a sample as two oppositely polarized circular states. These states reflect from sample surfaces and interfere with the corresponding states of the reference arm. A custom spectrometer, which is designed to simplify camera alignment, separates the orthogonal channels and records the interference-related oscillations on both spectra. Inverse Fourier transform of the spectral oscillations in k-space yields complex depth profiles, whose amplitudes and phase difference are related to reflectivity and Faraday rotation within the sample, respectively. Information along a full depth profile is produced at the camera speed without performing an axial scan for a multisurface sample. System sensitivity for the Faraday rotation measurement is 0.86 min of arc. Verdet constants of clear liquids and turbid media are measured at 687 nm.
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Koralewski M, Pochylski M, Gierszewski J. Magnetic properties of ferritin and akaganeite nanoparticles in aqueous suspension. JOURNAL OF NANOPARTICLE RESEARCH : AN INTERDISCIPLINARY FORUM FOR NANOSCALE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2013; 15:1902. [PMID: 24532980 PMCID: PMC3920033 DOI: 10.1007/s11051-013-1902-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2012] [Accepted: 07/26/2013] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
We have studied the magnetically induced optical birefringence Δn of horse spleen ferritin (HSF) and aqueous suspensions of several different-sized iron oxyhydroxide nanoparticles coated with different polysaccharides mimicking ferritin. The structure and dimensions of the akaganeite mineral core were characterized by XRD and TEM, respectively. The stability of the suspensions in the measurement temperature range from 278 to 358 K was confirmed by UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy. The values of optical polarizability anisotropy Δα, magnetic susceptibility anisotropy Δχ, and permanent magnetic dipole moment μm of the akaganeite nanoparticles have been estimated on the basis of the temperature dependence of the Cotton-Mouton (C-M) constant. The magnetic birefringence of Fe-sucrose has been described tentatively by different types of Langevin function allowing another estimation of Δχ and μm. The obtained permanent magnetic dipole moment μm of the studied akaganeite nanoparticles proves small and comparable to that of HSF. The value of μm is found to increase with decreasing nanoparticle diameter. Observed in a range spanning more than five orders of magnitude, the linear relation between the C-M constant and the iron concentration provides a basis for possible analytical application of the C-M effect in biomedicine. The established relation between the C-M constant and the nanoparticle diameter confirms that the dominant contribution to the measured magnetic birefringence comes from the magnetic susceptibility anisotropy Δχ. A comparison of the C-M constants of the studied akaganeite nanoparticles with the data obtained for HSF provides evidence that the ferritin core behaves as a non-Euclidian solid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marceli Koralewski
- Optics Laboratory, Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 85, 61-614 Poznan, Poland
| | - Mikołaj Pochylski
- Optics Laboratory, Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 85, 61-614 Poznan, Poland
| | - Jacek Gierszewski
- Optics Laboratory, Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 85, 61-614 Poznan, Poland
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