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Fang J, Huang S, Liu F, He G, Li X, Huang X, Chen HJ, Xie X. Semi-Implantable Bioelectronics. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2022; 14:125. [PMID: 35633391 PMCID: PMC9148344 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-022-00818-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Developing techniques to effectively and real-time monitor and regulate the interior environment of biological objects is significantly important for many biomedical engineering and scientific applications, including drug delivery, electrophysiological recording and regulation of intracellular activities. Semi-implantable bioelectronics is currently a hot spot in biomedical engineering research area, because it not only meets the increasing technical demands for precise detection or regulation of biological activities, but also provides a desirable platform for externally incorporating complex functionalities and electronic integration. Although there is less definition and summary to distinguish it from the well-reviewed non-invasive bioelectronics and fully implantable bioelectronics, semi-implantable bioelectronics have emerged as highly unique technology to boost the development of biochips and smart wearable device. Here, we reviewed the recent progress in this field and raised the concept of "Semi-implantable bioelectronics", summarizing the principle and strategies of semi-implantable device for cell applications and in vivo applications, discussing the typical methodologies to access to intracellular environment or in vivo environment, biosafety aspects and typical applications. This review is meaningful for understanding in-depth the design principles, materials fabrication techniques, device integration processes, cell/tissue penetration methodologies, biosafety aspects, and applications strategies that are essential to the development of future minimally invasive bioelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaru Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Fanmao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Gen He
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangling Li
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinshuo Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui-Jiuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China.
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2
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Zhang A, Fang J, Li X, Wang J, Chen M, Chen HJ, He G, Xie X. Cellular nanointerface of vertical nanostructure arrays and its applications. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2022; 4:1844-1867. [PMID: 36133409 PMCID: PMC9419580 DOI: 10.1039/d1na00775k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Vertically standing nanostructures with various morphologies have been developed with the emergence of the micro-/nanofabrication technology. When cells are cultured on them, various bio-nano interfaces between cells and vertical nanostructures would impact the cellular activities, depending on the shape, density, and height of nanostructures. Many cellular pathway activation processes involving a series of intracellular molecules (proteins, RNA, DNA, enzymes, etc.) would be triggered by the cell morphological changes induced by nanostructures, affecting the cell proliferation, apoptosis, differentiation, immune activation, cell adhesion, cell migration, and other behaviors. In addition, the highly localized cellular nanointerface enhances coupled stimulation on cells. Therefore, understanding the mechanism of the cellular nanointerface can not only provide innovative tools for regulating specific cell functions but also offers new aspects to understand the fundamental cellular activities that could facilitate the precise monitoring and treatment of diseases in the future. This review mainly describes the fabrication technology of vertical nanostructures, analyzing the formation of cellular nanointerfaces and the effects of cellular nanointerfaces on cells' fates and functions. At last, the applications of cellular nanointerfaces based on various nanostructures are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aihua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510006 Guangdong Province China
| | - Jiaru Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510006 Guangdong Province China
| | - Xiangling Li
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510006 Guangdong Province China
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Ji Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510080 China
| | - Meiwan Chen
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau Taipa Macau SAR China
| | - Hui-Jiuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510006 Guangdong Province China
| | - Gen He
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510006 Guangdong Province China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou 511436 P. R. China
| | - Xi Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510006 Guangdong Province China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510080 China
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3
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Harberts J, Bours K, Siegmund M, Hedrich C, Glatza M, Schöler HR, Haferkamp U, Pless O, Zierold R, Blick RH. Culturing human iPSC-derived neural progenitor cells on nanowire arrays: mapping the impact of nanowire length and array pitch on proliferation, viability, and membrane deformation. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:20052-20066. [PMID: 34842880 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr04352h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Nanowire arrays used as cell culture substrates build a potent tool for advanced biological applications such as cargo delivery and biosensing. The unique topography of nanowire arrays, however, renders them a challenging growth environment for cells and explains why only basic cell lines have been employed in existing studies. Here, we present the culturing of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neural progenitor cells on rectangularly arranged nanowire arrays: In detail, we mapped the impact on proliferation, viability, and topography-induced membrane deformation across a multitude of array pitches (1, 3, 5, 10 μm) and nanowire lengths (1.5, 3, 5 μm). Against the intuitive expectation, a reduced proliferation was found on the arrays with the smallest array pitch of 1 μm and long NWs. Typically, cells settle in a fakir-like state on such densely-spaced nanowires and thus experience no substantial stress caused by nanowires indenting the cell membrane. However, imaging of F-actin showed a distinct reorganization of the cytoskeleton along the nanowire tips in the case of small array pitches interfering with regular proliferation. For larger pitches, the cell numbers depend on the NW lengths but proliferation generally continued although heavy deformations of the cell membrane were observed caused by the encapsulation of the nanowires. Moreover, we noticed a strong interaction of the nanowires with the nucleus in terms of squeezing and indenting. Remarkably, the cell viability is maintained at about 85% despite the massive deformation of the cells. Considering the enormous potential of human induced stem cells to study neurodegenerative diseases and the high cellular viability combined with a strong interaction with nanowire arrays, we believe that our results pave the way to apply nanowire arrays to human stem cells for future applications in stem cell research and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jann Harberts
- Center for Hybrid Nanostructures (CHyN), Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Katja Bours
- Center for Hybrid Nanostructures (CHyN), Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Malte Siegmund
- Center for Hybrid Nanostructures (CHyN), Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Carina Hedrich
- Center for Hybrid Nanostructures (CHyN), Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Michael Glatza
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Röntgenstraße 20, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Hans R Schöler
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Röntgenstraße 20, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Undine Haferkamp
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology (ITMP), ScreeningPort, Schnackenburgallee 114, 22525 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ole Pless
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology (ITMP), ScreeningPort, Schnackenburgallee 114, 22525 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Robert Zierold
- Center for Hybrid Nanostructures (CHyN), Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Robert H Blick
- Center for Hybrid Nanostructures (CHyN), Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany.
- Material Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
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Chiappini C, Chen Y, Aslanoglou S, Mariano A, Mollo V, Mu H, De Rosa E, He G, Tasciotti E, Xie X, Santoro F, Zhao W, Voelcker NH, Elnathan R. Tutorial: using nanoneedles for intracellular delivery. Nat Protoc 2021; 16:4539-4563. [PMID: 34426708 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-021-00600-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Intracellular delivery of advanced therapeutics, including biologicals and supramolecular agents, is complex because of the natural biological barriers that have evolved to protect the cell. Efficient delivery of therapeutic nucleic acids, proteins, peptides and nanoparticles is crucial for clinical adoption of emerging technologies that can benefit disease treatment through gene and cell therapy. Nanoneedles are arrays of vertical high-aspect-ratio nanostructures that can precisely manipulate complex processes at the cell interface, enabling effective intracellular delivery. This emerging technology has already enabled the development of efficient and non-destructive routes for direct access to intracellular environments and delivery of cell-impermeant payloads. However, successful implementation of this technology requires knowledge of several scientific fields, making it complex to access and adopt by researchers who are not directly involved in developing nanoneedle platforms. This presents an obstacle to the widespread adoption of nanoneedle technologies for drug delivery. This tutorial aims to equip researchers with the knowledge required to develop a nanoinjection workflow. It discusses the selection of nanoneedle devices, approaches for cargo loading and strategies for interfacing to biological systems and summarises an array of bioassays that can be used to evaluate the efficacy of intracellular delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciro Chiappini
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London, UK. .,London Centre for Nanotechnology, King's College London, London, UK.
| | - Yaping Chen
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Melbourne Centre for Nanofabrication, Victorian Node of the Australian National Fabrication Facility, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stella Aslanoglou
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Melbourne Centre for Nanofabrication, Victorian Node of the Australian National Fabrication Facility, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,CSIRO Manufacturing, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Anna Mariano
- Center for Advanced Biomaterials for Healthcare, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Naples, Italy
| | - Valentina Mollo
- Center for Advanced Biomaterials for Healthcare, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Naples, Italy
| | - Huanwen Mu
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Enrica De Rosa
- Center for Musculoskeletal Regeneration, Orthopedics & Sports Medicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Gen He
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ennio Tasciotti
- IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana Hospital, Rome, Italy.,San Raffaele University, Rome, Italy.,Sclavo Pharma, Siena, Italy
| | - Xi Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Francesca Santoro
- Center for Advanced Biomaterials for Healthcare, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Naples, Italy.
| | - Wenting Zhao
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Nicolas H Voelcker
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia. .,Melbourne Centre for Nanofabrication, Victorian Node of the Australian National Fabrication Facility, Clayton, Victoria, Australia. .,CSIRO Manufacturing, Clayton, Victoria, Australia. .,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Roey Elnathan
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia. .,Melbourne Centre for Nanofabrication, Victorian Node of the Australian National Fabrication Facility, Clayton, Victoria, Australia. .,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
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5
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Harberts J, Siegmund M, Schnelle M, Zhang T, Lei Y, Yu L, Zierold R, Blick RH. Robust neuronal differentiation of human iPSC-derived neural progenitor cells cultured on densely-spaced spiky silicon nanowire arrays. Sci Rep 2021; 11:18819. [PMID: 34552130 PMCID: PMC8458299 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-97820-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanostructured cell culture substrates featuring nanowire (NW) arrays have been applied to a variety of basic cell lines and rodent neurons to investigate cellular behavior or to stimulate cell responses. However, patient-derived human neurons-a prerequisite for studying e.g. neurodegenerative diseases efficiently-are rarely employed due to sensitive cell culture protocols and usually long culturing periods. Here, we present human patient induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neurons cultured on densely-spaced spiky silicon NW arrays (600 NWs/ 100 µm[Formula: see text] with NW lengths of 1 µm) which show mature electrophysiological characteristics after only 20 days of culturing. Exemplary neuronal growth and network formation on the NW arrays are demonstrated using scanning electron microscopy and immunofluorescence microscopy. The cells and neurites rest in a fakir-like settling state on the NWs only in contact with the very NW tips shown by cross-sectional imaging of the cell/NW interface using focused ion beam milling and confocal laser scanning microscopy. Furthermore, the NW arrays promote the cell culture by slightly increasing the share of differentiated neurons determined by the quantification of immunofluorescence microscopy images. The electrophysiological functionality of the neurons is confirmed with patch-clamp recordings showing the excellent capability to fire action potentials. We believe that the short culturing time to obtain functional human neurons generated from patient-derived neural progenitor cells and the robustness of this differentiation protocol to produce these neurons on densely-spaced spiky nanowire arrays open up new pathways for stem cell characterization and neurodegenerative disease studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jann Harberts
- Center for Hybrid Nanostructures, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Malte Siegmund
- Center for Hybrid Nanostructures, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Matteo Schnelle
- Center for Hybrid Nanostructures, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ting Zhang
- School of Electronics Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Yakui Lei
- School of Electronics Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Linwei Yu
- School of Electronics Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Robert Zierold
- Center for Hybrid Nanostructures, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Robert H Blick
- Center for Hybrid Nanostructures, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761, Hamburg, Germany
- Material Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
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6
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Vinje JB, Guadagno NA, Progida C, Sikorski P. Analysis of Actin and Focal Adhesion Organisation in U2OS Cells on Polymer Nanostructures. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2021; 16:143. [PMID: 34524556 PMCID: PMC8443752 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-021-03598-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In this work, we explore how U2OS cells are affected by arrays of polymer nanopillars fabricated on flat glass surfaces. We focus on describing changes to the organisation of the actin cytoskeleton and in the location, number and shape of focal adhesions. From our findings we identify that the cells can be categorised into different regimes based on their spreading and adhesion behaviour on nanopillars. A quantitative analysis suggests that cells seeded on dense nanopillar arrays are suspended on top of the pillars with focal adhesions forming closer to the cell periphery compared to flat surfaces or sparse pillar arrays. This change is analogous to similar responses for cells seeded on soft substrates. RESULTS In this work, we explore how U2OS cells are affected by arrays of polymer nanopillars fabricated on flat glass surfaces. We focus on describing changes to the organisation of the actin cytoskeleton and in the location, number and shape of focal adhesions. From our findings we identify that the cells can be categorised into different regimes based on their spreading and adhesion behaviour on nanopillars. A quantitative analysis suggests that cells seeded on dense nanopillar arrays are suspended on top of the pillars with focal adhesions forming closer to the cell periphery compared to flat surfaces or sparse pillar arrays. This change is analogous to similar responses for cells seeded on soft substrates. CONCLUSION Overall, we show that the combination of high throughput nanofabrication, advanced optical microscopy, molecular biology tools to visualise cellular processes and data analysis can be used to investigate how cells interact with nanostructured surfaces and will in the future help to create culture substrates that induce particular cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob B Vinje
- Department of Physics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway.
- Department of Electronic Systems, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway.
| | | | - Cinzia Progida
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo (UiO), Oslo, Norway
| | - Pawel Sikorski
- Department of Physics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
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7
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Perrone E, Cesaria M, Zizzari A, Bianco M, Ferrara F, Raia L, Guarino V, Cuscunà M, Mazzeo M, Gigli G, Moroni L, Arima V. Potential of CO 2-laser processing of quartz for fast prototyping of microfluidic reactors and templates for 3D cell assembly over large scale. Mater Today Bio 2021; 12:100163. [PMID: 34901818 PMCID: PMC8637645 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2021.100163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbon dioxide (CO2)-laser processing of glasses is a versatile maskless writing technique to engrave micro-structures with flexible control on shape and size. In this study, we present the fabrication of hundreds of microns quartz micro-channels and micro-holes by pulsed CO2-laser ablation with a focus on the great potential of the technique in microfluidics and biomedical applications. After discussing the impact of the laser processing parameters on the design process, we illustrate specific applications. First, we demonstrate the use of a serpentine microfluidic reactor prepared by combining CO2-laser ablation and post-ablation wet etching to remove surface features stemming from laser-texturing that are undesirable for channel sealing. Then, cyclic olefin copolymer micro-pillars are fabricated using laser-processed micro-holes as molds with high detail replication. The hundreds of microns conical and square pyramidal shaped pillars are used as templates to drive 3D cell assembly. Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells are found to assemble in a compact and wrapping way around the micro-pillars forming a tight junction network. These applications are interesting for both Lab-on-a-Chip and Organ-on-a-Chip devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Perrone
- CNR NANOTEC - Institute of Nanotechnology, c/o Campus Ecotekne, Lecce, Italy
| | - Maura Cesaria
- University of Salento, Department of Mathematics and Physics “E. De Giorgi”, Lecce, Italy
| | - Alessandra Zizzari
- CNR NANOTEC - Institute of Nanotechnology, c/o Campus Ecotekne, Lecce, Italy
| | - Monica Bianco
- CNR NANOTEC - Institute of Nanotechnology, c/o Campus Ecotekne, Lecce, Italy
| | - Francesco Ferrara
- CNR NANOTEC - Institute of Nanotechnology, c/o Campus Ecotekne, Lecce, Italy
- STMicroelectronics S.r.l, Lecce, Italy
| | - Lillo Raia
- STMicroelectronics S.r.l, Agrate Brianza, Monza Brianza, Italy
| | - Vita Guarino
- CNR NANOTEC - Institute of Nanotechnology, c/o Campus Ecotekne, Lecce, Italy
- University of Salento, Department of Mathematics and Physics “E. De Giorgi”, Lecce, Italy
| | - Massimo Cuscunà
- CNR NANOTEC - Institute of Nanotechnology, c/o Campus Ecotekne, Lecce, Italy
| | - Marco Mazzeo
- CNR NANOTEC - Institute of Nanotechnology, c/o Campus Ecotekne, Lecce, Italy
- University of Salento, Department of Mathematics and Physics “E. De Giorgi”, Lecce, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Gigli
- CNR NANOTEC - Institute of Nanotechnology, c/o Campus Ecotekne, Lecce, Italy
- University of Salento, Department of Mathematics and Physics “E. De Giorgi”, Lecce, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Moroni
- CNR NANOTEC - Institute of Nanotechnology, c/o Campus Ecotekne, Lecce, Italy
- Maastricht University, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, department of complex tissue regeneration, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Valentina Arima
- CNR NANOTEC - Institute of Nanotechnology, c/o Campus Ecotekne, Lecce, Italy
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8
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Kwon J, Lee JS, Lee J, Na J, Sung J, Lee HJ, Kwak H, Cheong E, Cho SW, Choi HJ. Vertical Nanowire Electrode Array for Enhanced Neurogenesis of Human Neural Stem Cells via Intracellular Electrical Stimulation. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:6343-6351. [PMID: 33998792 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c04635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular electrical stimulation (ES) can provide electrical potential from outside the cell membrane, but it is often ineffective due to interference from external factors such as culture medium resistance and membrane capacitance. To address this, we developed a vertical nanowire electrode array (VNEA) to directly provide intracellular electrical potential and current to cells through nanoelectrodes. Using this approach, the cell membrane resistivity and capacitance could be excluded, allowing effective ES. Human fetal neural stem cells (hfNSCs) were cultured on the VNEA for intracellular ES. Combining the structural properties of VNEA and VNEA-mediated ES, transient nanoscale perforation of the electrode was induced, promoting cell penetration and delivering current to the cell. Intracellular ES using VNEA improved the neuronal differentiation of hfNSCs more effectively than extracellular ES and facilitated electrophysiological functional maturation of hfNSCs because of the enhanced voltage-dependent ion-channel activity. The results demonstrate that VNEA with advanced nanoelectrodes serves as a highly effective culture and stimulation platform for stem-cell neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Seung-Woo Cho
- Center for Nanomedicine, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
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9
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Paria D, Convertino A, Raj P, Glunde K, Chen Y, Barman I. Nanowire Assisted Mechanotyping of Cellular Metastatic Potential. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2021; 31:2101638. [PMID: 34512229 PMCID: PMC8425187 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.202101638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Nanotechnology has provided tools for next generation biomedical devices which rely on nanostructure interfaces with living cells. In vitro biomimetic structures have enabled observation of cell response to various mechanical and chemical cues, and there is a growing interest in isolating and harnessing the specific cues that three-dimensional microenvironments can provide without the requirement for such culture and the experimental drawbacks associated with it. Here we report a randomly oriented gold coated Si nanowire substrate with patterned hydrophobic-hydrophilic areas for differentiation of isogenic breast cancer cells of varying metastatic potential. When considering synthetic surfaces for the study of cell-nanotopography interfaces, randomly oriented nanowires more closely resemble the isotropic architecture of natural extracellular matrix as compared to currently more widely used vertical nanowire arrays. In the study reported here, we show that primary cancer cells preferably attach to the hydrophilic region of randomly oriented nanowire substrate while secondary cancer cells do not adhere. Using machine learning analysis of fluorescence images, cells were found to spread and elongate on the nanowire substrates as compared to a flat substrate, where they mostly remain round, when neither surface was coated with extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins. Such platforms can not only be used for developing bioassays but also as stepping stones for tissue printing technologies where cells can be selectively patterned at desired locations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debadrita Paria
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Annalisa Convertino
- Institute for Microelectronics and Microsystems, National Research Council, Roma, Italia
| | - Piyush Raj
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kristine Glunde
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yun Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Center for Cell Dynamics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ishan Barman
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Radiology & Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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10
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Milos F, Tullii G, Gobbo F, Lodola F, Galeotti F, Verpelli C, Mayer D, Maybeck V, Offenhäusser A, Antognazza MR. High Aspect Ratio and Light-Sensitive Micropillars Based on a Semiconducting Polymer Optically Regulate Neuronal Growth. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:23438-23451. [PMID: 33983012 PMCID: PMC8161421 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c03537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Many nano- and microstructured devices capable of promoting neuronal growth and network formation have been previously investigated. In certain cases, topographical cues have been successfully complemented with external bias, by employing electrically conducting scaffolds. However, the use of optical stimulation with topographical cues was rarely addressed in this context, and the development of light-addressable platforms for modulating and guiding cellular growth and proliferation remains almost completely unexplored. Here, we develop high aspect ratio micropillars based on a prototype semiconducting polymer, regioregular poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) (P3HT), as an optically active, three-dimensional platform for embryonic cortical neurons. P3HT micropillars provide a mechanically compliant environment and allow a close contact with neuronal cells. The combined action of nano/microtopography and visible light excitation leads to effective optical modulation of neuronal growth and orientation. Embryonic neurons cultured on polymer pillars show a clear polarization effect and, upon exposure to optical excitation, a significant increase in both neurite and axon length. The biocompatible, microstructured, and light-sensitive platform developed here opens up the opportunity to optically regulate neuronal growth in a wireless, repeatable, and spatio-temporally controlled manner without genetic modification. This approach may be extended to other cell models, thus uncovering interesting applications of photonic devices in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frano Milos
- Institute
of Biological Information Processing IBI-3, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
- RWTH
University Aachen, 52062 Aachen, Germany
| | - Gabriele Tullii
- Center
for Nano Science and Technology@PoliMi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Federico Gobbo
- Center
for Nano Science and Technology@PoliMi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 20133 Milano, Italy
- Physics
Department, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza L. Da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Francesco Lodola
- Center
for Nano Science and Technology@PoliMi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Francesco Galeotti
- Istituto
di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche G. Natta (SCITEC), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Chiara Verpelli
- Istituto
di Neuroscienze, Consiglio Nazionale delle
Ricerche, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Dirk Mayer
- Institute
of Biological Information Processing IBI-3, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Vanessa Maybeck
- Institute
of Biological Information Processing IBI-3, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Andreas Offenhäusser
- Institute
of Biological Information Processing IBI-3, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
- RWTH
University Aachen, 52062 Aachen, Germany
| | - Maria Rosa Antognazza
- Center
for Nano Science and Technology@PoliMi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 20133 Milano, Italy
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11
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Zandi Shafagh R, Shen JX, Youhanna S, Guo W, Lauschke VM, van der Wijngaart W, Haraldsson T. Facile Nanoimprinting of Robust High-Aspect-Ratio Nanostructures for Human Cell Biomechanics. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2020; 3:8757-8767. [PMID: 35019647 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c01087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
High-aspect-ratio and hierarchically nanostructured surfaces are common in nature. Synthetic variants are of interest for their specific chemical, mechanic, electric, photonic, or biologic properties but are cumbersome in fabrication or suffer from structural collapse. Here, we replicated and directly biofunctionalized robust, large-area, and high-aspect-ratio nanostructures by nanoimprint lithography of an off-stoichiometric thiol-ene-epoxy polymer. We structured-in a single-step process-dense arrays of pillars with a diameter as low as 100 nm and an aspect ratio of 7.2; holes with a diameter of 70 nm and an aspect ratio of >20; and complex hierarchically layered structures, all with minimal collapse and defectivity. We show that the nanopillar arrays alter mechanosensing of human hepatic cells and provide precise spatial control of cell attachment. We speculate that our results can enable the widespread use of high-aspect-ratio nanotopograhy applications in mechanics, optics, and biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Zandi Shafagh
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.,Division of Micro- and Nanosystems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Joanne X Shen
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sonia Youhanna
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Weijin Guo
- Division of Micro- and Nanosystems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Volker M Lauschke
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Tommy Haraldsson
- Division of Micro- and Nanosystems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
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12
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Asif A, García‐López S, Heiskanen A, Martínez‐Serrano A, Keller SS, Pereira MP, Emnéus J. Pyrolytic Carbon Nanograss Enhances Neurogenesis and Dopaminergic Differentiation of Human Midbrain Neural Stem Cells. Adv Healthc Mater 2020; 9:e2001108. [PMID: 32902188 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202001108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Advancements in research on the interaction of human neural stem cells (hNSCs) with nanotopographies and biomaterials are enhancing the ability to influence cell migration, proliferation, gene expression, and tailored differentiation toward desired phenotypes. Here, the fabrication of pyrolytic carbon nanograss (CNG) nanotopographies is reported and demonstrated that these can be employed as cell substrates boosting hNSCs differentiation into dopaminergic neurons (DAn), a long-time pursued goal in regenerative medicine based on cell replacement. In the near future, such structures can play a crucial role in the near future for stem-cell based cell replacement therapy (CRT) and bio-implants for Parkinson's disease (PD). The unique combination of randomly distributed nanograss topographies and biocompatible pyrolytic carbon material is optimized to provide suitable mechano-material cues for hNSCs adhesion, division, and DAn differentiation of midbrain hNSCs. The results show that in the presence of the biocoating poly-L-lysine (PLL), the CNG enhances hNSCs neurogenesis up to 2.3-fold and DAn differentiation up to 3.5-fold. Moreover, for the first time, consistent evidence is provided, that CNGs without any PLL coating are not only supporting cell survival but also lead to significantly enhanced neurogenesis and promote hNSCs to acquire dopaminergic phenotype compared to PLL coated topographies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afia Asif
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine (DTU Bioengineering) Produktionstorvet Building 423, Room 122 Kgs. Lyngby 2800 Denmark
| | - Silvia García‐López
- Department of Molecular Biology Universidad Autónoma Madrid Madrid 28049 Spain
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology Center of Molecular Biology Severo Ochoa (UAM‐CSIC) Nicolás Cabrera 1 Madrid 28049 Spain
| | - Arto Heiskanen
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine (DTU Bioengineering) Produktionstorvet Building 423, Room 122 Kgs. Lyngby 2800 Denmark
| | - Alberto Martínez‐Serrano
- Department of Molecular Biology Universidad Autónoma Madrid Madrid 28049 Spain
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology Center of Molecular Biology Severo Ochoa (UAM‐CSIC) Nicolás Cabrera 1 Madrid 28049 Spain
| | - Stephan S. Keller
- National Centre for Nano Fabrication and Characterization (DTU Nanolab) Ørsteds Plads, Building 347 Kgs. Lyngby 2800 Denmark
| | - Marta P. Pereira
- Department of Molecular Biology Universidad Autónoma Madrid Madrid 28049 Spain
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology Center of Molecular Biology Severo Ochoa (UAM‐CSIC) Nicolás Cabrera 1 Madrid 28049 Spain
| | - Jenny Emnéus
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine (DTU Bioengineering) Produktionstorvet Building 423, Room 122 Kgs. Lyngby 2800 Denmark
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13
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Qu Y, Zhang Y, Yu Q, Chen H. Surface-Mediated Intracellular Delivery by Physical Membrane Disruption. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:31054-31078. [PMID: 32559060 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c06978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Effective and nondestructive intracellular delivery of exogenous molecules and other functional materials into living cells is of importance for diverse biological fundamental research and therapeutic applications, such as gene editing and cell-based therapies. However, for most exogenous molecules, the cell plasma membrane is effectively impermeable and thus remains the greatest barrier to intracellular delivery. In recent years, methods based on surface-mediated physical membrane disruption have attracted considerable attention. These methods exploit the physical properties of the surface to transiently increase the membrane permeability of cells come in contact thereto, thereby facilitating the efficient intracellular delivery of molecules regardless of molecule or target cell type. In this Review, we focus on recent progress, particularly over the past decade, on these surface-mediated membrane disruption-based delivery systems. According to the membrane disruption mechanism, three categories can be recognized: (i) mechanical penetration, (ii) electroporation, and (iii) photothermal poration. Each of these is discussed in turn and a brief perspective on future developments in this promising area is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangcui Qu
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Yanxia Zhang
- Institute for Cardiovascular Science and Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215007, P. R. China
| | - Qian Yu
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Hong Chen
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
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14
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Zang H, Li X. Physical understanding of the bending of nanostructures caused by cellular force. Phys Rev E 2020; 101:032406. [PMID: 32289988 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.101.032406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The bending of nanostructures (NSs), such as nanopillars and nanowires, caused by cell adhesion is an interesting phenomenon and is important for the measurements of cellular forces, understanding the biological behavior of cells, and disease diagnosis. However, which factors are related to the bending of NSs and how the factors affect bending displacement are still not well understood. Here, we establish an analytic thermodynamic theory to study the bending mechanism of NSs caused by cellular force during the cell adhesion process, and analyze the factors affecting bending displacement. It is found that the bending of NSs is determined by the competition between the stretching energy of the membrane and the strain energy of the NSs. The bending displacement can be evaluated based on our model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Zang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Xinlei Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
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15
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Higgins SG, Becce M, Belessiotis-Richards A, Seong H, Sero JE, Stevens MM. High-Aspect-Ratio Nanostructured Surfaces as Biological Metamaterials. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1903862. [PMID: 31944430 PMCID: PMC7610849 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201903862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Materials patterned with high-aspect-ratio nanostructures have features on similar length scales to cellular components. These surfaces are an extreme topography on the cellular level and have become useful tools for perturbing and sensing the cellular environment. Motivation comes from the ability of high-aspect-ratio nanostructures to deliver cargoes into cells and tissues, access the intracellular environment, and control cell behavior. These structures directly perturb cells' ability to sense and respond to external forces, influencing cell fate, and enabling new mechanistic studies. Through careful design of their nanoscale structure, these systems act as biological metamaterials, eliciting unusual biological responses. While predominantly used to interface eukaryotic cells, there is growing interest in nonanimal and prokaryotic cell interfacing. Both experimental and theoretical studies have attempted to develop a mechanistic understanding for the observed behaviors, predominantly focusing on the cell-nanostructure interface. This review considers how high-aspect-ratio nanostructured surfaces are used to both stimulate and sense biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart G. Higgins
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | | | | | - Hyejeong Seong
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Julia E. Sero
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Molly M. Stevens
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
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16
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Higgins SG, Becce M, Seong H, Stevens MM. Nanoneedles and Nanostructured Surfaces for Studying Cell Interfacing. IFMBE PROCEEDINGS 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-5859-3_37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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17
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Harberts J, Haferkamp U, Haugg S, Fendler C, Lam D, Zierold R, Pless O, Blick RH. Interfacing human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neurons with designed nanowire arrays as a future platform for medical applications. Biomater Sci 2020; 8:2434-2446. [DOI: 10.1039/d0bm00182a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Nanostructured substrates such as nanowire arrays form a powerful tool for building next-generation medical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jann Harberts
- Center for Hybrid Nanostructures
- Universität Hamburg
- 22761 Hamburg
- Germany
| | | | - Stefanie Haugg
- Center for Hybrid Nanostructures
- Universität Hamburg
- 22761 Hamburg
- Germany
| | - Cornelius Fendler
- Center for Hybrid Nanostructures
- Universität Hamburg
- 22761 Hamburg
- Germany
| | - Dennis Lam
- Fraunhofer IME ScreeningPort
- 22525 Hamburg
- Germany
| | - Robert Zierold
- Center for Hybrid Nanostructures
- Universität Hamburg
- 22761 Hamburg
- Germany
| | - Ole Pless
- Fraunhofer IME ScreeningPort
- 22525 Hamburg
- Germany
| | - Robert H. Blick
- Center for Hybrid Nanostructures
- Universität Hamburg
- 22761 Hamburg
- Germany
- Material Science and Engineering
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18
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Liu Y, Wang J, Huang X, Zhao Y, Sun Y, Zhang S, Wang H, Yuan L, Chen H. Glutathione-Sensitive Silicon Nanowire Arrays for Gene Transfection. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:46515-46524. [PMID: 31746585 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b17006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Ingenious surface modification strategies and special topological morphologies endow the biomaterial interface with excellent ability to regulate the cell fate. In this work, a gene delivery platform based on glutathione-sensitive silicon nanowire arrays (SiNWAs) is developed, exhibiting good transfection efficiency of several cell types. Briefly, the surface of SiNWAs is grafted of PEICBA, a branched cationic polymer cross-linked by disulfide bonds (SN-PEICBA). When the cells adhere to the platform surface, silicon nanowires penetrate into the cells and the high concentration of reduced glutathione (GSH) in cytoplasm breaks the disulfide bonds (S-S) in PEICBA. The plasmid DNA preloaded on the cationic polymers is successfully delivered to the nuclei through the nonlysosomal pathway. Cells harvested from the SN-PEICBA show high retention of viability and the platform surface can be reused though S-S replacement for at least three times. In general, our platform is a creative combination of intracellular responsive strategy and surface morphology, which has great potential for auxiliary use in ex vivo cell-based therapies and various biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuping Liu
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science , Soochow University , 199 Ren'ai Road , Suzhou 215123 , P. R. China
| | - Jinghong Wang
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science , Soochow University , 199 Ren'ai Road , Suzhou 215123 , P. R. China
| | - Xuejin Huang
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science , Soochow University , 199 Ren'ai Road , Suzhou 215123 , P. R. China
| | - Yingxian Zhao
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science , Soochow University , 199 Ren'ai Road , Suzhou 215123 , P. R. China
| | - Ya Sun
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science , Soochow University , 199 Ren'ai Road , Suzhou 215123 , P. R. China
| | - Sixuan Zhang
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science , Soochow University , 199 Ren'ai Road , Suzhou 215123 , P. R. China
| | - Hongwei Wang
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science , Soochow University , 199 Ren'ai Road , Suzhou 215123 , P. R. China
| | - Lin Yuan
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science , Soochow University , 199 Ren'ai Road , Suzhou 215123 , P. R. China
| | - Hong Chen
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science , Soochow University , 199 Ren'ai Road , Suzhou 215123 , P. R. China
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19
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Beckwith KS, Ullmann S, Vinje J, Sikorski P. Influence of Nanopillar Arrays on Fibroblast Motility, Adhesion, and Migration Mechanisms. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2019; 15:e1902514. [PMID: 31464377 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201902514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Surfaces decorated with high aspect ratio nanostructures are a promising tool to study cellular processes and design novel devices to control cellular behavior. However, little is known about the dynamics of cellular phenomenon such as adhesion, spreading, and migration on such surfaces. In particular, how these are influenced by the surface properties. In this work, fibroblast behavior is investigated on regular arrays of 1 µm high polymer nanopillars with varying pillar to pillar distance. Embryonic mouse fibroblasts (NIH-3T3) spread on all arrays, and on contact with the substrate engulf nanopillars independently of the array pitch. As the cells start to spread, different behavior is observed. On dense arrays which have a pitch equal or below 1 µm, cells are suspended on top of the nanopillars, making only sporadic contact with the glass support. Cells stay attached to the glass support and fully engulf nanopillars during spreading and migration on the sparse arrays which have a pitch of 2 µm and above. These alternate states have a profound effect on cell migration rates. Dynamic F-actin puncta colocalize with nanopillars during cell spreading and migration. Strong membrane association with engulfed nanopillars might explain the reduced migration rates on sparse arrays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai S Beckwith
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Sindre Ullmann
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Jakob Vinje
- Department of Physics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Pawel Sikorski
- Department of Physics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491, Trondheim, Norway
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20
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Tullii G, Giona F, Lodola F, Bonfadini S, Bossio C, Varo S, Desii A, Criante L, Sala C, Pasini M, Verpelli C, Galeotti F, Antognazza MR. High-Aspect-Ratio Semiconducting Polymer Pillars for 3D Cell Cultures. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:28125-28137. [PMID: 31356041 PMCID: PMC6943816 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b08822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Hybrid interfaces between living cells and nano/microstructured scaffolds have huge application potential in biotechnology, spanning from regenerative medicine and stem cell therapies to localized drug delivery and from biosensing and tissue engineering to neural computing. However, 3D architectures based on semiconducting polymers, endowed with responsivity to visible light, have never been considered. Here, we apply for the first time a push-coating technique to realize high aspect ratio polymeric pillars, based on polythiophene, showing optimal biocompatibility and allowing for the realization of soft, 3D cell cultures of both primary neurons and cell line models. HEK-293 cells cultured on top of polymer pillars display a remarkable change in the cell morphology and a sizable enhancement of the membrane capacitance due to the cell membrane thinning in correspondence to the pillars' top surface, without negatively affecting cell proliferation. Electrophysiology properties and synapse number of primary neurons are also very well preserved. In perspective, high aspect ratio semiconducting polymer pillars may find interesting applications as soft, photoactive elements for cell activity sensing and modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Tullii
- Center
for Nano Science and Technology@PoliMi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Pascoli 70/3, 20133 Milano, Italy
- Department
of Physics, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza L. Da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | | | - Francesco Lodola
- Center
for Nano Science and Technology@PoliMi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Pascoli 70/3, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Silvio Bonfadini
- Center
for Nano Science and Technology@PoliMi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Pascoli 70/3, 20133 Milano, Italy
- Department
of Physics, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza L. Da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Caterina Bossio
- Center
for Nano Science and Technology@PoliMi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Pascoli 70/3, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Simone Varo
- Center
for Nano Science and Technology@PoliMi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Pascoli 70/3, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Andrea Desii
- Center
for Nano Science and Technology@PoliMi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Pascoli 70/3, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Luigino Criante
- Center
for Nano Science and Technology@PoliMi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Pascoli 70/3, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Carlo Sala
- CNR Neuroscience
Institute, Milan 20129, Italy
| | - Mariacecilia Pasini
- Istituto
per lo Studio delle Macromolecole, Consiglio
Nazionale delle Ricerche (ISMAC-CNR), Via Bassini 15, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | | | - Francesco Galeotti
- Istituto
per lo Studio delle Macromolecole, Consiglio
Nazionale delle Ricerche (ISMAC-CNR), Via Bassini 15, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Maria Rosa Antognazza
- Center
for Nano Science and Technology@PoliMi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Pascoli 70/3, 20133 Milano, Italy
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21
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Chattaway C, Magnin D, Ferain E, Demoustier-Champagne S, Glinel K. Spatioselective functionalization of gold nanopillar arrays. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2019; 1:2208-2215. [PMID: 36131957 PMCID: PMC9418540 DOI: 10.1039/c9na00149b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
A process combining electrochemical nanofabrication by hard templating with the use of a masking strategy and surface functionalization methods, is developed to produce arrays of gold nanopillars of spatially-controlled surface chemistry. Therefore, a gold nanopillar array is first fabricated by performing metal electrochemical deposition into a track-etched membrane supported on a gold substrate. After dissolution of the membrane, a protective polymer layer is deposited on the array and partially etched to specifically reveal the top of the nanopillars. Then, a polythiolactone-based copolymer is grafted on the upper part of the nanopillars. Afterwards, the sacrificial polymer layer is dissolved to reveal the non-functionalized surface corresponding to the lower part of the gold nanopillars and the background surface. This surface is subsequently modified by a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) of alkylthiol molecules which leads to nanostructured surfaces with spatio-selective surface chemistry. The grafting of gold nanoparticles and of a bioadhesive peptide on the top and on the background of the nanopillar array, respectively, is performed to prove the versatility of the approach to produce bifunctionalized nanopillar arrays for biological, biosensing or (bio)catalysis applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Chattaway
- Institute of Condensed Matter & Nanosciences (Bio & Soft Matter), Université catholique de Louvain Croix du Sud 1, box L7.04.02 B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve Belgium
| | - Delphine Magnin
- Institute of Condensed Matter & Nanosciences (Bio & Soft Matter), Université catholique de Louvain Croix du Sud 1, box L7.04.02 B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve Belgium
| | - Etienne Ferain
- Institute of Condensed Matter & Nanosciences (Bio & Soft Matter), Université catholique de Louvain Croix du Sud 1, box L7.04.02 B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve Belgium
- it4ip S.A. Avenue Jean-Etienne Lenoir 1 B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve Belgium
| | - Sophie Demoustier-Champagne
- Institute of Condensed Matter & Nanosciences (Bio & Soft Matter), Université catholique de Louvain Croix du Sud 1, box L7.04.02 B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve Belgium
| | - Karine Glinel
- Institute of Condensed Matter & Nanosciences (Bio & Soft Matter), Université catholique de Louvain Croix du Sud 1, box L7.04.02 B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve Belgium
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Lard M, Linke H, Prinz CN. Biosensing using arrays of vertical semiconductor nanowires: mechanosensing and biomarker detection. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 30:214003. [PMID: 30699399 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab0326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Due to their high aspect ratio and increased surface-to-foot-print area, arrays of vertical semiconductor nanowires are used in numerous biological applications, such as cell transfection and biosensing. Here we focus on two specific valuable biosensing approaches that, so far, have received relatively limited attention in terms of their potential capabilities: cellular mechanosensing and lightguiding-induced enhanced fluorescence detection. Although proposed a decade ago, these two applications for using vertical nanowire arrays have only very recently achieved significant breakthroughs, both in terms of understanding their fundamental phenomena, and in the ease of their implementation. We review the status of the field in these areas and describe significant findings and potential future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mercy Lard
- Division of Solid State Physics and NanoLund, Lund University, Box 118, SE-221 00 Lund Sweden
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23
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Lou HY, Zhao W, Zeng Y, Cui B. The Role of Membrane Curvature in Nanoscale Topography-Induced Intracellular Signaling. Acc Chem Res 2018; 51:1046-1053. [PMID: 29648779 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.7b00594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Over the past decade, there has been growing interest in developing biosensors and devices with nanoscale and vertical topography. Vertical nanostructures induce spontaneous cell engulfment, which enhances the cell-probe coupling efficiency and the sensitivity of biosensors. Although local membranes in contact with the nanostructures are found to be fully fluidic for lipid and membrane protein diffusions, cells appear to actively sense and respond to the surface topography presented by vertical nanostructures. For future development of biodevices, it is important to understand how cells interact with these nanostructures and how their presence modulates cellular function and activities. How cells recognize nanoscale surface topography has been an area of active research for two decades before the recent biosensor works. Extensive studies show that surface topographies in the range of tens to hundreds of nanometers can significantly affect cell functions, behaviors, and ultimately the cell fate. For example, titanium implants having rough surfaces are better for osteoblast attachment and host-implant integration than those with smooth surfaces. At the cellular level, nanoscale surface topography has been shown by a large number of studies to modulate cell attachment, activity, and differentiation. However, a mechanistic understanding of how cells interact and respond to nanoscale topographic features is still lacking. In this Account, we focus on some recent studies that support a new mechanism that local membrane curvature induced by nanoscale topography directly acts as a biochemical signal to induce intracellular signaling, which we refer to as the curvature hypothesis. The curvature hypothesis proposes that some intracellular proteins can recognize membrane curvatures of a certain range at the cell-to-material interface. These proteins then recruit and activate downstream components to modulate cell signaling and behavior. We discuss current technologies allowing the visualization of membrane deformation at the cell membrane-to-substrate interface with nanometer precision and demonstrate that vertical nanostructures induce local curvatures on the plasma membrane. These local curvatures enhance the process of clathrin-mediated endocytosis and affect actin dynamics. We also present evidence that vertical nanostructures can induce significant deformation of the nuclear membrane, which can affect chromatin distribution and gene expression. Finally, we provide a brief perspective on the curvature hypothesis and the challenges and opportunities for the design of nanotopography for manipulating cell behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Ya Lou
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Wenting Zhao
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637457, Singapore
| | - Yongpeng Zeng
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637457, Singapore
| | - Bianxiao Cui
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
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24
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Errico V, Arrabito G, Fornetti E, Fuoco C, Testa S, Saggio G, Rufini S, Cannata S, Desideri A, Falconi C, Gargioli C. High-Density ZnO Nanowires as a Reversible Myogenic-Differentiation Switch. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:14097-14107. [PMID: 29619824 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b19758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Mesoangioblasts are outstanding candidates for stem-cell therapy and are already being explored in clinical trials. However, a crucial challenge in regenerative medicine is the limited availability of undifferentiated myogenic progenitor cells because growth is typically accompanied by differentiation. Here reversible myogenic-differentiation switching during proliferation is achieved by functionalizing the glass substrate with high-density ZnO nanowires (NWs). Specifically, mesoangioblasts grown on ZnO NWs present a spherical viable undifferentiated cell state without lamellopodia formation during the entire observation time (8 days). Consistently, the myosin heavy chain, typically expressed in skeletal muscle tissue and differentiated myogenic progenitors, is completely absent. Remarkably, NWs do not induce any damage while they reversibly block differentiation, so that the differentiation capabilities are completely recovered upon cell removal from the NW-functionalized substrate and replating on standard culture glass. This is the first evidence of a reversible myogenic-differentiation switch that does not affect the viability. These results can be the first step toward for the in vitro growth of a large number of undifferentiated stem/progenitor cells and therefore can represent a breakthrough for cell-based therapy and tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vito Errico
- Department of Electronic Engineering , University of Rome Tor Vergata , Via del Politecnico 1 , 00133 Rome , Italy
| | - Giuseppe Arrabito
- Department of Electronic Engineering , University of Rome Tor Vergata , Via del Politecnico 1 , 00133 Rome , Italy
| | - Ersilia Fornetti
- Department of Biology , University of Rome Tor Vergata , Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1 , 00133 Rome , Italy
| | - Claudia Fuoco
- Department of Biology , University of Rome Tor Vergata , Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1 , 00133 Rome , Italy
| | - Stefano Testa
- Department of Biology , University of Rome Tor Vergata , Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1 , 00133 Rome , Italy
| | - Giovanni Saggio
- Department of Electronic Engineering , University of Rome Tor Vergata , Via del Politecnico 1 , 00133 Rome , Italy
| | - Stefano Rufini
- Department of Biology , University of Rome Tor Vergata , Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1 , 00133 Rome , Italy
| | - Stefano Cannata
- Department of Biology , University of Rome Tor Vergata , Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1 , 00133 Rome , Italy
| | - Alessandro Desideri
- Department of Biology , University of Rome Tor Vergata , Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1 , 00133 Rome , Italy
| | - Christian Falconi
- Department of Electronic Engineering , University of Rome Tor Vergata , Via del Politecnico 1 , 00133 Rome , Italy
| | - Cesare Gargioli
- Department of Biology , University of Rome Tor Vergata , Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1 , 00133 Rome , Italy
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25
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Morphology of living cells cultured on nanowire arrays with varying nanowire densities and diameters. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2018; 61:427-435. [PMID: 29656338 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-017-9264-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/25/2017] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Vertical nanowire arrays are increasingly investigated for their applications in steering cell behavior. The geometry of the array is an important parameter, which influences the morphology and adhesion of cells. Here, we investigate the effects of array geometry on the morphology of MCF7 cancer cells and MCF10A normal-like epithelial cells. Different gallium phosphide nanowire array-geometries were produced by varying the nanowire density and diameter. Our results show that the cell size is smaller on nanowires compared to flat gallium phosphide. The cell area decreases with increasing the nanowire density on the substrate. We observed an effect of the nanowire diameter on MCF10A cells, with a decreased cell area on 40 nm diameter nanowires, compared to 60 and 80 nm diameter nanowires in high-density arrays. The focal adhesion morphology depends on the extent to which cells are contacting the substrate. For low nanowire densities and diameters, cells are lying on the substrate and we observed large focal adhesions at the cell edges. In contrast, for high nanowire densities and diameters, cells are lying on top of the nanowires and we observed point-like focal adhesions distributed over the whole cell. Our results constitute a step towards the ability to fine-tune cell behavior on nanowire arrays.
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26
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Anselme K, Wakhloo NT, Rougerie P, Pieuchot L. Role of the Nucleus as a Sensor of Cell Environment Topography. Adv Healthc Mater 2018; 7:e1701154. [PMID: 29283219 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201701154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The proper integration of biophysical cues from the cell vicinity is crucial for cells to maintain homeostasis, cooperate with other cells within the tissues, and properly fulfill their biological function. It is therefore crucial to fully understand how cells integrate these extracellular signals for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Topography has emerged as a prominent component of the cellular microenvironment that has pleiotropic effects on cell behavior. This progress report focuses on the recent advances in the understanding of the topography sensing mechanism with a special emphasis on the role of the nucleus. Here, recent techniques developed for monitoring the nuclear mechanics are reviewed and the impact of various topographies and their consequences on nuclear organization, gene regulation, and stem cell fate is summarized. The role of the cell nucleus as a sensor of cell-scale topography is further discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karine Anselme
- University of Haute‐AlsaceUniversity of Strasbourg CNRS UMR7361, IS2M 68057 Mulhouse France
| | - Nayana Tusamda Wakhloo
- University of Haute‐AlsaceUniversity of Strasbourg CNRS UMR7361, IS2M 68057 Mulhouse France
| | - Pablo Rougerie
- Institute of Biomedical SciencesFederal University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro RJ 21941‐902 Brazil
| | - Laurent Pieuchot
- University of Haute‐AlsaceUniversity of Strasbourg CNRS UMR7361, IS2M 68057 Mulhouse France
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27
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Wu L, Zhang Z, Gao H, Li Y, Hou L, Yao H, Wu S, Liu J, Wang L, Zhai Y, Ou H, Lin M, Wu X, Liu J, Lang G, Xin Q, Wu G, Luo L, Liu P, Shentu J, Wu N, Sheng J, Qiu Y, Chen W, Li L. Open-label phase I clinical trial of Ad5-EBOV in Africans in China. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2017; 13. [PMID: 28708962 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201701815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 04/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To determine the safety and immunogenicity of a novel recombinant adenovirus type 5 vector based Ebola virus disease vaccine (Ad5-EBOV) in Africans in China. METHODS A phase 1, dose-escalation, open-label trial was conducted. 61 healthy Africans were sequentially enrolled, with 31 participants receiving one shot intramuscular injection and 30 participants receiving a double-shot regimen. Primary and secondary end points related to safety and immunogenicity were assessed within 28 d after vaccination. This study was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02401373). RESULTS Ad5-EBOV is well tolerated and no adverse reaction of grade 3 or above was observed. 53 (86.89%) participants reported at least one adverse reaction within 28 d of vaccination. The most common reaction was fever and the mild pain at injection site, and there were no significant difference between these 2 groups. Ebola glycoprotein-specific antibodies appeared in all 61 participants and antibodies titers peaked after 28 d of vaccination. The geometric mean titres (GMTs) were similar between these 2 groups (1919.01 vs 1684.70 P = 0.5562). The glycoprotein-specific T-cell responses rapidly peaked after 14 d of vaccination and then decreased, however, the percentage of subjects with responses were much higher in the high-dose group (60.00% vs 9.68%, P = 0.0014). Pre-existing Ad5 neutralizing antibodies could significantly dampen the specific humoral immune response and cellular response to the vaccine. CONCLUSION The application of Ad5-EBOV demonstrated safe in Africans in China and a specific GP antibody and T-cell response could occur 14 d after the first immunization. This acceptable safety profile provides a reliable basis to proceed with trials in Africa.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Africa/epidemiology
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/blood
- Antibodies, Viral/blood
- China
- Ebola Vaccines/administration & dosage
- Ebola Vaccines/adverse effects
- Ebola Vaccines/immunology
- Ebolavirus/immunology
- Female
- Fever/ethnology
- Healthy Volunteers
- Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola/epidemiology
- Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola/ethnology
- Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola/immunology
- Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola/prevention & control
- Humans
- Immunity, Cellular
- Immunity, Humoral
- Immunogenicity, Vaccine
- Injections, Intramuscular
- Male
- Membrane Glycoproteins/immunology
- Middle Aged
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Vaccination
- Young Adult
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Wu
- a The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University , Xiacheng District, Hangzhou , Zhejiang , China
- b The Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases , Xiacheng District, Hangzhou , Zhejiang , China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- c Beijing Institute of Biotechnology , Haidian District, Beijing , China
| | - Hainv Gao
- b The Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases , Xiacheng District, Hangzhou , Zhejiang , China
- d Zhejiang University International Hospital , Xiacheng District, Hangzhou , Zhejiang , China
| | - Yuhua Li
- e National Institutes for Food and Drug Control , Chongwen District, Beijing , China
| | - Lihua Hou
- c Beijing Institute of Biotechnology , Haidian District, Beijing , China
| | - Hangping Yao
- a The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University , Xiacheng District, Hangzhou , Zhejiang , China
- b The Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases , Xiacheng District, Hangzhou , Zhejiang , China
| | - Shipo Wu
- c Beijing Institute of Biotechnology , Haidian District, Beijing , China
| | - Jian Liu
- a The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University , Xiacheng District, Hangzhou , Zhejiang , China
- b The Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases , Xiacheng District, Hangzhou , Zhejiang , China
| | - Ling Wang
- e National Institutes for Food and Drug Control , Chongwen District, Beijing , China
| | - You Zhai
- a The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University , Xiacheng District, Hangzhou , Zhejiang , China
- b The Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases , Xiacheng District, Hangzhou , Zhejiang , China
| | - Huilin Ou
- a The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University , Xiacheng District, Hangzhou , Zhejiang , China
- b The Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases , Xiacheng District, Hangzhou , Zhejiang , China
| | - Meihua Lin
- a The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University , Xiacheng District, Hangzhou , Zhejiang , China
- b The Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases , Xiacheng District, Hangzhou , Zhejiang , China
| | - Xiaoxin Wu
- b The Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases , Xiacheng District, Hangzhou , Zhejiang , China
- d Zhejiang University International Hospital , Xiacheng District, Hangzhou , Zhejiang , China
| | - Jingjing Liu
- e National Institutes for Food and Drug Control , Chongwen District, Beijing , China
| | - Guanjing Lang
- a The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University , Xiacheng District, Hangzhou , Zhejiang , China
- b The Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases , Xiacheng District, Hangzhou , Zhejiang , China
| | - Qian Xin
- f The General Hospital of People's Liberation Army , Beijing , China
| | - Guolan Wu
- a The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University , Xiacheng District, Hangzhou , Zhejiang , China
- b The Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases , Xiacheng District, Hangzhou , Zhejiang , China
| | - Li Luo
- g Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics , School of Public Health, Southeast University , Nanjing , Jiangsu , China
| | - Pei Liu
- g Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics , School of Public Health, Southeast University , Nanjing , Jiangsu , China
| | - Jianzhong Shentu
- a The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University , Xiacheng District, Hangzhou , Zhejiang , China
- b The Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases , Xiacheng District, Hangzhou , Zhejiang , China
| | - Nanping Wu
- a The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University , Xiacheng District, Hangzhou , Zhejiang , China
- b The Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases , Xiacheng District, Hangzhou , Zhejiang , China
| | - Jifang Sheng
- a The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University , Xiacheng District, Hangzhou , Zhejiang , China
- b The Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases , Xiacheng District, Hangzhou , Zhejiang , China
| | - Yunqing Qiu
- a The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University , Xiacheng District, Hangzhou , Zhejiang , China
- b The Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases , Xiacheng District, Hangzhou , Zhejiang , China
| | - Wei Chen
- c Beijing Institute of Biotechnology , Haidian District, Beijing , China
| | - Lanjuan Li
- a The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University , Xiacheng District, Hangzhou , Zhejiang , China
- b The Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases , Xiacheng District, Hangzhou , Zhejiang , China
- d Zhejiang University International Hospital , Xiacheng District, Hangzhou , Zhejiang , China
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28
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Buch-Månson N, Spangenberg A, Gomez LPC, Malval JP, Soppera O, Martinez KL. Rapid Prototyping of Polymeric Nanopillars by 3D Direct Laser Writing for Controlling Cell Behavior. Sci Rep 2017; 7:9247. [PMID: 28835653 PMCID: PMC5569057 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-09208-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian cells have been widely shown to respond to nano- and microtopography that mimics the extracellular matrix. Synthetic nano- and micron-sized structures are therefore of great interest in the field of tissue engineering, where polymers are particularly attractive due to excellent biocompatibility and versatile fabrication methods. Ordered arrays of polymeric pillars provide a controlled topographical environment to study and manipulate cells, but processing methods are typically either optimized for the nano- or microscale. Here, we demonstrate polymeric nanopillar (NP) fabrication using 3D direct laser writing (3D DLW), which offers a rapid prototyping across both size regimes. The NPs are interfaced with NIH3T3 cells and the effect of tuning geometrical parameters of the NP array is investigated. Cells are found to adhere on a wide range of geometries, but the interface depends on NP density and length. The Cell Interface with Nanostructure Arrays (CINA) model is successfully extended to predict the type of interface formed on different NP geometries, which is found to correlate with the efficiency of cell alignment along the NPs. The combination of the CINA model with the highly versatile 3D DLW fabrication thus holds the promise of improved design of polymeric NP arrays for controlling cell growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Buch-Månson
- Bionanotechnology and Nanomedicine Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and Nano-science Center, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Arnaud Spangenberg
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse (IS2M), CNRS - UMR 7361, Université de Haute Alsace, 15 rue Jean Starcky, Mulhouse, France.
| | - Laura Piedad Chia Gomez
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse (IS2M), CNRS - UMR 7361, Université de Haute Alsace, 15 rue Jean Starcky, Mulhouse, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Malval
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse (IS2M), CNRS - UMR 7361, Université de Haute Alsace, 15 rue Jean Starcky, Mulhouse, France
| | - Olivier Soppera
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse (IS2M), CNRS - UMR 7361, Université de Haute Alsace, 15 rue Jean Starcky, Mulhouse, France
| | - Karen L Martinez
- Bionanotechnology and Nanomedicine Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and Nano-science Center, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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29
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Buch-Månson N, Kang DH, Kim D, Lee KE, Yoon MH, Martinez KL. Mapping cell behavior across a wide range of vertical silicon nanocolumn densities. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:5517-5527. [PMID: 28401963 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr09700f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decade, vertical nanostructures have provided novel approaches for biomedical applications such as intracellular delivery/detection, specific cell capture, membrane potential measurement, and cellular activity regulation. Although the feasibility of the vertical nanostructures as a new biological tool has been thoroughly demonstrated, a better understanding of cell behavior on vertical nanostructures, in particular the effects of geometry, is essential for advanced applications. To investigate the cell behavior according to the variation of the spacing between vertical nanostructures, we have interfaced fibroblasts (NIH3T3) with density-controlled vertical silicon nanocolumn arrays (vSNAs). Over a wide range of vSNA densities, we observe three distinct cell settling regimes and investigate both overall cell behavior (adhesions, morphology, and mobility) and detailed biomacromolecule variance (F-actin and focal adhesion) across these regimes. We expect that these systematic observations could serve as a guide for improved nanostructure array design for the desired cell manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Buch-Månson
- Department of Chemistry and Nano-science Center, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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30
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Andolfi L, Murello A, Cassese D, Ban J, Dal Zilio S, Lazzarino M. High aspect ratio silicon nanowires control fibroblast adhesion and cytoskeleton organization. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 28:155102. [PMID: 28177298 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aa5f3a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions are essential to the survival and proliferation of most cells, and are responsible for triggering a wide range of biochemical pathways. More recently, the biomechanical role of those interactions was highlighted, showing, for instance, that adhesion forces are essential for cytoskeleton organization. Silicon nanowires (Si NWs) with their small size, high aspect ratio and anisotropic mechanical response represent a useful model to investigate the forces involved in the adhesion processes and their role in cellular development. In this work we explored and quantified, by single cell force spectroscopy (SCFS), the interaction of mouse embryonic fibroblasts with a flexible forest of Si NWs. We observed that the cell adhesion forces are comparable to those found on collagen and bare glass coverslip, analogously the membrane tether extraction forces are similar to that on collagen but stronger than that on bare flat glass. Cell survival did not depend significantly on the substrate, although a reduced proliferation after 36 h was observed. On the contrary both cell morphology and cytoskeleton organization revealed striking differences. The cell morphology on Si-NW was characterized by a large number of filopodia and a significant decrease of the cell mobility. The cytoskeleton organization was characterized by the absence of actin fibers, which were instead dominant on collagen and flat glass support. Such findings suggest that the mechanical properties of disordered Si NWs, and in particular their strong asymmetry, play a major role in the adhesion, morphology and cytoskeleton organization processes. Indeed, while adhesion measurements by SCFS provide out-of-plane forces values consistent with those measured on conventional substrates, weaker in-plane forces hinder proper cytoskeleton organization and migration processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Andolfi
- Istituto Officina dei Materiali, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IOM-CNR) Basovizza, Area Science Park, I-34149 Trieste, Italy
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31
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Xu AM, Wang DS, Shieh P, Cao Y, Melosh NA. Direct Intracellular Delivery of Cell-Impermeable Probes of Protein Glycosylation by Using Nanostraws. Chembiochem 2017; 18:623-628. [PMID: 28130882 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201600689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Bioorthogonal chemistry is an effective tool for elucidating metabolic pathways and measuring cellular activity, yet its use is currently limited by the difficulty of getting probes past the cell membrane and into the cytoplasm, especially if more complex probes are desired. Here we present a simple and minimally perturbative technique to deliver functional probes of glycosylation into cells by using a nanostructured "nanostraw" delivery system. Nanostraws provide direct intracellular access to cells through fluid conduits that remain small enough to minimize cell perturbation. First, we demonstrate that our platform can deliver an unmodified azidosugar, N-azidoacetylmannosamine, into cells with similar effectiveness to a chemical modification strategy (peracetylation). We then show that the nanostraw platform enables direct delivery of an azidosugar modified with a charged uridine diphosphate group (UDP) that prevents intracellular penetration, thereby bypassing multiple enzymatic processing steps. By effectively removing the requirement for cell permeability from the probe, the nanostraws expand the toolbox of bioorthogonal probes that can be used to study biological processes on a single, easy-to-use platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander M Xu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, 476 Lomita Mall, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.,Present address: Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Division, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA, 91106, USA
| | - Derek S Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, 476 Lomita Mall, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Peyton Shieh
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, 333 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Yuhong Cao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, 476 Lomita Mall, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Nicholas A Melosh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, 476 Lomita Mall, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
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32
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Seyock S, Maybeck V, Scorsone E, Rousseau L, Hébert C, Lissorgues G, Bergonzo P, Offenhäusser A. Interfacing neurons on carbon nanotubes covered with diamond. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra20207a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Investigation of the interface and needed adhesion surface for neuronal cells on carbon nanotubes covered with diamond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silke Seyock
- Institute of Complex Systems (ICS-8/PGI-8)
- Forschungszentrum Jülich
- 52428 Jülich
- Germany
| | - Vanessa Maybeck
- Institute of Complex Systems (ICS-8/PGI-8)
- Forschungszentrum Jülich
- 52428 Jülich
- Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Andreas Offenhäusser
- Institute of Complex Systems (ICS-8/PGI-8)
- Forschungszentrum Jülich
- 52428 Jülich
- Germany
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33
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Durney AR, Frenette LC, Hodvedt EC, Krauss TD, Mukaibo H. Fabrication of Tapered Microtube Arrays and Their Application as a Microalgal Injection Platform. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:34198-34208. [PMID: 27998153 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b11062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
A template-synthesis method that enables fabrication of tapered microtube arrays is reported. Track-etched poly(ethylene terephthalate) membranes are used as the template, with closed-tipped conical pores having length and base diameter of 6.27 ± 0.28 and 1.21 ± 0.05 μm, respectively. A conductive layer of Pt is deposited by atomic layer deposition (ALD) to enable the successive electrodeposition of Ni. By decreasing the Pt precursor pulse duration from 10 to 1 s during the ALD step, the heights of the microtubes are controlled from the maximal full length (∼6 μm) to only a fraction (1-2 μm) of the template pore. Using a pulsed-current electrodeposition (PCD) method, a smooth and uniform Ni deposit is achieved with a thickness that can be controlled as a function of the PCD cycle. The microtubes' lumen is confirmed to stay open even after 2000 cycles of Ni PCD. A potential application of the prepared array as a microinjection platform is demonstrated via successful injection of 10 nm sized CdZnS/ZnS core/shell quantum dots into Chlamydomonas reinhardtii microalgae cells with intact cell walls. The direct delivery method demonstrated in this paper offers novel opportunities for extending the growing interest in array-based microinjection platform to microalgal systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew R Durney
- Department of Chemical Engineering, and ‡Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester , Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - Leah C Frenette
- Department of Chemical Engineering, and ‡Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester , Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - Elizabeth C Hodvedt
- Department of Chemical Engineering, and ‡Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester , Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - Todd D Krauss
- Department of Chemical Engineering, and ‡Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester , Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - Hitomi Mukaibo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, and ‡Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester , Rochester, New York 14627, United States
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Harding FJ, Surdo S, Delalat B, Cozzi C, Elnathan R, Gronthos S, Voelcker NH, Barillaro G. Ordered Silicon Pillar Arrays Prepared by Electrochemical Micromachining: Substrates for High-Efficiency Cell Transfection. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:29197-29202. [PMID: 27744675 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b07850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Ordered arrays of silicon nano- to microscale pillars are used to enable biomolecular trafficking into primary human cells, consistently demonstrating high transfection efficiency can be achieved with broader and taller pillars than reported to date. Cell morphology on the pillar arrays is often strikingly elongated. Investigation of the cellular interaction with the pillar reveals that cells are suspended on pillar tips and do not interact with the substrate between the pillars. Although cells remain suspended on pillar tips, acute local deformation of the cell membrane was noted, allowing pillar tips to penetrate the cell interior, while retaining cell viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frances J Harding
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Future Industries Institute, Mawson Lakes, University of South Australia , Adelaid, South Australia 5095, Australia
| | - Salvatore Surdo
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'Informazione, Università di Pisa , via G. Caruso 16, 56122 Pisa, Italy
| | - Bahman Delalat
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Future Industries Institute, Mawson Lakes, University of South Australia , Adelaid, South Australia 5095, Australia
| | - Chiara Cozzi
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'Informazione, Università di Pisa , via G. Caruso 16, 56122 Pisa, Italy
| | - Roey Elnathan
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Future Industries Institute, Mawson Lakes, University of South Australia , Adelaid, South Australia 5095, Australia
| | - Stan Gronthos
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute , Adelaide 5005, South Australia, Australia
- Mesenchymal Stem Cell Group Laboratory, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide , Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Nicolas H Voelcker
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Future Industries Institute, Mawson Lakes, University of South Australia , Adelaid, South Australia 5095, Australia
| | - Giuseppe Barillaro
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'Informazione, Università di Pisa , via G. Caruso 16, 56122 Pisa, Italy
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35
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Xu AM, Kim SA, Wang DS, Aalipour A, Melosh NA. Temporally resolved direct delivery of second messengers into cells using nanostraws. LAB ON A CHIP 2016; 16:2434-2439. [PMID: 27292263 DOI: 10.1039/c6lc00463f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Second messengers are biomolecules with the critical role of conveying information to intracellular targets. They are typically membrane-impermeable and only enter cells through tightly regulated transporters. Current methods for manipulating second messengers in cells require preparation of modified cell lines or significant disruptions in cell function, especially at the cell membrane. Here we demonstrate that 100 nm diameter 'nanostraws' penetrate the cell membrane to directly modulate second messenger concentrations within cells. Nanostraws are hollow vertical nanowires that provide a fluidic conduit into cells to allow time-resolved delivery of the signaling ion Ca(2+) without chemical permeabilization or genetic modification, minimizing cell perturbation. By integrating the nanostraw platform into a microfluidic device, we demonstrate coordinated delivery of Ca(2+) ions into hundreds of cells at the time scale of several seconds with the ability to deliver complex signal patterns, such as oscillations over time. The diffusive nature of nanostraw delivery gives the platform unique versatility, opening the possibility for time-resolved delivery of any freely diffusing molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander M Xu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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36
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Micro- and Nanoscale Technologies for Delivery into Adherent Cells. Trends Biotechnol 2016; 34:665-678. [PMID: 27287927 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2016.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Revised: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Several recent micro- and nanotechnologies have provided novel methods for biological studies of adherent cells because the small features of these new biotools provide unique capabilities for accessing cells without the need for suspension or lysis. These novel approaches have enabled gentle but effective delivery of molecules into specific adhered target cells, with unprecedented spatial resolution. We review here recent progress in the development of these technologies with an emphasis on in vitro delivery into adherent cells utilizing mechanical penetration or electroporation. We discuss the major advantages and limitations of these approaches and propose possible strategies for improvements. Finally, we discuss the impact of these technologies on biological research concerning cell-specific temporal studies, for example non-destructive sampling and analysis of intracellular molecules.
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37
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Hjort M, Bauer M, Gunnarsson S, Mårsell E, Zakharov AA, Karlsson G, Sanfins E, Prinz CN, Wallenberg R, Cedervall T, Mikkelsen A. Electron microscopy imaging of proteins on gallium phosphide semiconductor nanowires. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:3936-43. [PMID: 26838122 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr08888g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
We have imaged GaP nanowires (NWs) incubated with human laminin, serum albumin (HSA), and blood plasma using both cryo-transmission electron microscopy and synchrotron based X-ray photoemission electron microscopy. This extensive imaging methodology simultaneously reveals structural, chemical and morphological details of individual nanowires and the adsorbed proteins. We found that the proteins bind to NWs, forming coronas with thicknesses close to the proteins' hydrodynamic diameters. We could directly image how laminin is extending from the NWs, maximizing the number of proteins bound to the NWs. NWs incubated with both laminin and HSA show protein coronas with a similar appearance to NWs incubated with laminin alone, indicating that the presence of HSA does not affect the laminin conformation on the NWs. In blood plasma, an intermediate sized corona around the NWs indicates a corona with a mixture of plasma proteins. The ability to directly visualize proteins on nanostructures in situ holds great promise for assessing the conformation and thickness of the protein corona, which is key to understanding and predicting the properties of engineered nanomaterials in a biological environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Hjort
- Division of Synchrotron Radiation Research, Department of Physics, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, 221 00 Lund, Sweden.
| | - Mikael Bauer
- Center for Molecular Protein Science, Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Stefan Gunnarsson
- Center for Molecular Protein Science, Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Erik Mårsell
- Division of Synchrotron Radiation Research, Department of Physics, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, 221 00 Lund, Sweden.
| | - Alexei A Zakharov
- The MAX-IV Laboratory, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Gunnel Karlsson
- nCHREM/Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Elodie Sanfins
- Center for Molecular Protein Science, Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Christelle N Prinz
- Division of Solid State Physics, Department of Physics, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Reine Wallenberg
- nCHREM/Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Tommy Cedervall
- Center for Molecular Protein Science, Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Anders Mikkelsen
- Division of Synchrotron Radiation Research, Department of Physics, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, 221 00 Lund, Sweden.
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38
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Brodoceanu D, Alhmoud HZ, Elnathan R, Delalat B, Voelcker NH, Kraus T. Fabrication of silicon nanowire arrays by near-field laser ablation and metal-assisted chemical etching. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2016; 27:075301. [PMID: 26778665 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/27/7/075301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We present an elegant route for the fabrication of ordered arrays of vertically-aligned silicon nanowires with tunable geometry at controlled locations on a silicon wafer. A monolayer of transparent microspheres convectively assembled onto a gold-coated silicon wafer acts as a microlens array. Irradiation with a single nanosecond laser pulse removes the gold beneath each focusing microsphere, leaving behind a hexagonal pattern of holes in the gold layer. Owing to the near-field effects, the diameter of the holes can be at least five times smaller than the laser wavelength. The patterned gold layer is used as catalyst in a metal-assisted chemical etching to produce an array of vertically-aligned silicon nanowires. This approach combines the advantages of direct laser writing with the benefits of parallel laser processing, yielding nanowire arrays with controlled geometry at predefined locations on the silicon surface. The fabricated VA-SiNW arrays can effectively transfect human cells with a plasmid encoding for green fluorescent protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Brodoceanu
- INM-Leibniz Institute for New Materials, Campus D2 2, 66123 Saarbrɒcken, Germany
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39
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Belu A, Schnitker J, Bertazzo S, Neumann E, Mayer D, Offenhäusser A, Santoro F. Ultra-thin resin embedding method for scanning electron microscopy of individual cells on high and low aspect ratio 3D nanostructures. J Microsc 2016; 263:78-86. [PMID: 26820619 DOI: 10.1111/jmi.12378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The preparation of biological cells for either scanning or transmission electron microscopy requires a complex process of fixation, dehydration and drying. Critical point drying is commonly used for samples investigated with a scanning electron beam, whereas resin-infiltration is typically used for transmission electron microscopy. Critical point drying may cause cracks at the cellular surface and a sponge-like morphology of nondistinguishable intracellular compartments. Resin-infiltrated biological samples result in a solid block of resin, which can be further processed by mechanical sectioning, however that does not allow a top view examination of small cell-cell and cell-surface contacts. Here, we propose a method for removing resin excess on biological samples before effective polymerization. In this way the cells result to be embedded in an ultra-thin layer of epoxy resin. This novel method highlights in contrast to standard methods the imaging of individual cells not only on nanostructured planar surfaces but also on topologically challenging substrates with high aspect ratio three-dimensional features by scanning electron microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Belu
- Institute of Complex Systems and Peter Grünberg Institute (ICS-8/PGI-8) - Bioelectronics, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, and JARA-Fundamentals of Future Information Technology, Germany
| | - J Schnitker
- Institute of Complex Systems and Peter Grünberg Institute (ICS-8/PGI-8) - Bioelectronics, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, and JARA-Fundamentals of Future Information Technology, Germany
| | - S Bertazzo
- Department of Medical Physics & Biomedical Engineering, University College London, Malet Place Engineering Building, London WC1E 6BT, U.K
| | - E Neumann
- Institute of Complex Systems and Peter Grünberg Institute (ICS-8/PGI-8) - Bioelectronics, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, and JARA-Fundamentals of Future Information Technology, Germany
| | - D Mayer
- Institute of Complex Systems and Peter Grünberg Institute (ICS-8/PGI-8) - Bioelectronics, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, and JARA-Fundamentals of Future Information Technology, Germany
| | - A Offenhäusser
- Institute of Complex Systems and Peter Grünberg Institute (ICS-8/PGI-8) - Bioelectronics, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, and JARA-Fundamentals of Future Information Technology, Germany
| | - F Santoro
- Institute of Complex Systems and Peter Grünberg Institute (ICS-8/PGI-8) - Bioelectronics, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, and JARA-Fundamentals of Future Information Technology, Germany
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40
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From immobilized cells to motile cells on a bed-of-nails: effects of vertical nanowire array density on cell behaviour. Sci Rep 2015; 5:18535. [PMID: 26691936 PMCID: PMC4686997 DOI: 10.1038/srep18535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The field of vertical nanowire array-based applications in cell biology is growing rapidly and an increasing number of applications are being explored. These applications almost invariably rely on the physical properties of the nanowire arrays, creating a need for a better understanding of how their physical properties affect cell behaviour. Here, we investigate the effects of nanowire density on cell migration, division and morphology for murine fibroblasts. Our results show that few nanowires are sufficient to immobilize cells, while a high nanowire spatial density enables a ”bed-of-nails” regime, where cells reside on top of the nanowires and are fully motile. The presence of nanowires decreases the cell proliferation rate, even in the “bed-of-nails” regime. We show that the cell morphology strongly depends on the nanowire density. Cells cultured on low (0.1 μm−2) and medium (1 μm−2) density substrates exhibit an increased number of multi-nucleated cells and micronuclei. These were not observed in cells cultured on high nanowire density substrates (4 μm−2). The results offer important guidelines to minimize cell-function perturbations on nanowire arrays. Moreover, these findings offer the possibility to tune cell proliferation and migration independently by adjusting the nanowire density, which may have applications in drug testing.
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41
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Kwak M, Han L, Chen JJ, Fan R. Interfacing Inorganic Nanowire Arrays and Living Cells for Cellular Function Analysis. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2015; 11:5600-10. [PMID: 26349637 PMCID: PMC4676807 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201501236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2015] [Revised: 06/26/2015] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Inorganic nanowires are among the most attractive functional materials, which have emerged in the past two decades. They have demonstrated applications in information technology and energy conversion, but their utility in biological or biomedical research remains relatively under-explored. Although nanowire-based sensors have been frequently reported for biomolecular detection, interfacing nanowire arrays and living mammalian cells for the direct analysis of cellular functions is a very recent endeavor. Cell-penetrating nanowires enabled effective delivery of biomolecules, electrical and optical stimulation and recording of intracellular signals over a long period of time. Non-penetrating, high-density nanowire arrays display rich interactions between the nanostructured substrate and the micro/nanoscale features of cell surfaces. Such interactions enable efficient capture of rare cells including circulating tumor cells and trafficking leukocytes from complex biospecimens. It also serves as a platform for probing cell traction force and neuronal guidance. The most recent advances in the field that exploits nanowire arrays (both penetrating and non-penetrating) to perform rapid analysis of cellular functions potentially for disease diagnosis and monitoring are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minsuk Kwak
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Lin Han
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Jonathan J. Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Rong Fan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA. Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
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42
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Elnathan R, Isa L, Brodoceanu D, Nelson A, Harding FJ, Delalat B, Kraus T, Voelcker NH. Versatile Particle-Based Route to Engineer Vertically Aligned Silicon Nanowire Arrays and Nanoscale Pores. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:23717-23724. [PMID: 26428032 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b07777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Control over particle self-assembly is a prerequisite for the colloidal templating of lithographical etching masks to define nanostructures. This work integrates and combines for the first time bottom-up and top-down approaches, namely, particle self-assembly at liquid-liquid interfaces and metal-assisted chemical etching, to generate vertically aligned silicon nanowire (VA-SiNW) arrays and, alternatively, arrays of nanoscale pores in a silicon wafer. Of particular importance, and in contrast to current techniques, including conventional colloidal lithography, this approach provides excellent control over the nanowire or pore etching site locations and decouples nanowire or pore diameter and spacing. The spacing between pores or nanowires is tuned by adjusting the specific area of the particles at the liquid-liquid interface before deposition. Hence, the process enables fast and low-cost fabrication of ordered nanostructures in silicon and can be easily scaled up. We demonstrate that the fabricated VA-SiNW arrays can be used as in vitro transfection platforms for transfecting human primary cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roey Elnathan
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia , Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
| | - Lucio Isa
- Laboratory for Interfaces, Soft Matter and Assembly, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich , Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Brodoceanu
- INM-Leibniz Institute for New Materials , Campus D2 2, Saarbrücken 66123, Germany
| | - Adrienne Nelson
- Laboratory for Interfaces, Soft Matter and Assembly, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich , Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Frances J Harding
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia , Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
| | - Bahman Delalat
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia , Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
| | - Tobias Kraus
- INM-Leibniz Institute for New Materials , Campus D2 2, Saarbrücken 66123, Germany
| | - Nicolas H Voelcker
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia , Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
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43
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Kafshgari MH, Voelcker NH, Harding FJ. Applications of zero-valent silicon nanostructures in biomedicine. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2015; 10:2553-71. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm.15.91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Zero-valent, or elemental, silicon nanostructures exhibit a number of properties that render them attractive for applications in nanomedicine. These materials hold significant promise for improving existing diagnostic and therapeutic techniques. This review summarizes some of the essential aspects of the fabrication techniques used to generate these fascinating nanostructures, comparing their material properties and suitability for biomedical applications. We examine the literature in regards to toxicity, biocompatibility and biodistribution of silicon nanoparticles, nanowires and nanotubes, with an emphasis on surface modification and its influence on cell adhesion and endocytosis. In the final part of this review, our attention is focused on current applications of the fabricated silicon nanostructures in nanomedicine, specifically examining drug and gene delivery, bioimaging and biosensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morteza Hasanzadeh Kafshgari
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science & Technology, Mawson Institute, University of South Australia, GPO Box 2471, Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia
| | - Nicolas H Voelcker
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science & Technology, Mawson Institute, University of South Australia, GPO Box 2471, Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia
| | - Frances J Harding
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science & Technology, Mawson Institute, University of South Australia, GPO Box 2471, Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia
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44
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Chromium inhibition and size-selected Au nanocluster catalysis for the solution growth of low-density ZnO nanowires. Sci Rep 2015. [PMID: 26202588 PMCID: PMC4511950 DOI: 10.1038/srep12336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The wet chemical synthesis of nanostructures has many crucial advantages over high-temperature methods, including simplicity, low-cost, and deposition on almost arbitrary substrates. Nevertheless, the density-controlled solution growth of nanowires still remains a challenge, especially at the low densities (e.g. 1 to 10 nanowires/100 μm(2)) required, as an example, for intracellular analyses. Here, we demonstrate the solution-growth of ZnO nanowires using a thin chromium film as a nucleation inhibitor and Au size-selected nanoclusters (SSNCs) as catalytic particles for which the density and, in contrast with previous reports, size can be accurately controlled. Our results also provide evidence that the enhanced ZnO hetero-nucleation is dominated by Au SSNCs catalysis rather than by layer adaptation. The proposed approach only uses low temperatures (≤70 °C) and is therefore suitable for any substrate, including printed circuit boards (PCBs) and the plastic substrates which are routinely used for cell cultures. As a proof-of-concept we report the density-controlled synthesis of ZnO nanowires on flexible PCBs, thus opening the way to assembling compact intracellular-analysis systems, including nanowires, electronics, and microfluidics, on a single substrate.
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45
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Angle MR, Wang A, Thomas A, Schaefer AT, Melosh NA. Penetration of cell membranes and synthetic lipid bilayers by nanoprobes. Biophys J 2015; 107:2091-100. [PMID: 25418094 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2014.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Revised: 08/08/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanoscale devices have been proposed as tools for measuring and controlling intracellular activity by providing electrical and/or chemical access to the cytosol. Unfortunately, nanostructures with diameters of 50-500 nm do not readily penetrate the cell membrane, and rationally optimizing nanoprobes for cell penetration requires real-time characterization methods that are capable of following the process of membrane penetration with nanometer resolution. Although extensive work has examined the rupture of supported synthetic lipid bilayers, little is known about the applicability of these model systems to living cell membranes with complex lipid compositions, cytoskeletal attachment, and membrane proteins. Here, we describe atomic force microscopy (AFM) membrane penetration experiments in two parallel systems: live HEK293 cells and stacks of synthetic lipid bilayers. By using the same probes in both systems, we were able to clearly identify membrane penetration in synthetic bilayers and compare these events with putative membrane penetration events in cells. We examined membrane penetration forces for three tip geometries and 18 chemical modifications of the probe surface, and in all cases the median forces required to penetrate cellular and synthetic lipid bilayers with nanoprobes were greater than 1 nN. The penetration force was sensitive to the probe's sharpness, but not its surface chemistry, and the force did not depend on cell surface or cytoskeletal properties, with cells and lipid stacks yielding similar forces. This systematic assessment of penetration under various mechanical and chemical conditions provides insights into nanoprobe-cell interactions and informs the design of future intracellular nanoprobes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R Angle
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Andrew Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Aman Thomas
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Andreas T Schaefer
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Nicholas A Melosh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California.
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46
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Prinz CN. Interactions between semiconductor nanowires and living cells. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2015; 27:233103. [PMID: 26010455 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/27/23/233103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Semiconductor nanowires are increasingly used for biological applications and their small dimensions make them a promising tool for sensing and manipulating cells with minimal perturbation. In order to interface cells with nanowires in a controlled fashion, it is essential to understand the interactions between nanowires and living cells. The present paper reviews current progress in the understanding of these interactions, with knowledge gathered from studies where living cells were interfaced with vertical nanowire arrays. The effect of nanowires on cells is reported in terms of viability, cell-nanowire interface morphology, cell behavior, changes in gene expression as well as cellular stress markers. Unexplored issues and unanswered questions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christelle N Prinz
- Division of Solid State Physics, Nanometer Structure Consortium, Neuronano Research Center, Lund University, Box 118, 22 100 Lund, Sweden
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47
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Beckwith KS, Cooil SP, Wells JW, Sikorski P. Tunable high aspect ratio polymer nanostructures for cell interfaces. NANOSCALE 2015; 7:8438-50. [PMID: 25891641 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr00674k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Nanoscale topographies and chemical patterns can be used as synthetic cell interfaces with a range of applications including the study and control of cellular processes. Herein, we describe the fabrication of high aspect ratio nanostructures using electron beam lithography in the epoxy-based polymer SU-8. We show how nanostructure geometry, position and fluorescence properties can be tuned, allowing flexible device design. Further, thiol-epoxide reactions were developed to give effective and specific modification of SU-8 surface chemistry. SU-8 nanostructures were made directly on glass cover slips, enabling the use of high resolution optical techniques such as live-cell confocal, total internal reflection and 3D structured illumination microscopy to investigate cell interactions with the nanostructures. Details of cell adherence and spreading, plasma membrane conformation and actin organization in response to high aspect ratio nanopillars and nanolines were investigated. The versatile structural and chemical properties combined with the high resolution cell imaging capabilities of this system are an important step towards the better understanding and control of cell interactions with nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Sandvold Beckwith
- Department of Physics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
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48
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Angle MR, Cui B, Melosh NA. Nanotechnology and neurophysiology. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2015; 32:132-40. [PMID: 25889532 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2015.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Revised: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Neuroscience would be revolutionized by a technique to measure intracellular electrical potentials that would not disrupt cellular physiology and could be massively parallelized. Though such a technology does not yet exist, the technical hurdles for fabricating minimally disruptive, solid-state electrical probes have arguably been overcome in the field of nanotechnology. Nanoscale devices can be patterned with features on the same length scale as biological components, and several groups have demonstrated that nanoscale electrical probes can measure the transmembrane potential of electrogenic cells. Developing these nascent technologies into robust intracellular recording tools will now require a better understanding of device-cell interactions, especially the membrane-inorganic interface. Here we review the state-of-the art in nanobioelectronics, emphasizing the characterization and design of stable interfaces between nanoscale devices and cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R Angle
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, CA, USA
| | - Bianxiao Cui
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, CA, USA
| | - Nicholas A Melosh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, CA, USA; Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA.
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49
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Frederiksen RS, Alarcon-Llado E, Madsen MH, Rostgaard KR, Krogstrup P, Vosch T, Nygård J, Fontcuberta I Morral A, Martinez KL. Modulation of fluorescence signals from biomolecules along nanowires due to interaction of light with oriented nanostructures. NANO LETTERS 2015; 15:176-81. [PMID: 25426704 DOI: 10.1021/nl503344y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
High aspect ratio nanostructures have gained increasing interest as highly sensitive platforms for biosensing. Here, well-defined biofunctionalized vertical indium arsenide nanowires are used to map the interaction of light with nanowires depending on their orientation and the excitation wavelength. We show how nanowires act as antennas modifying the light distribution and the emitted fluorescence. This work highlights an important optical phenomenon in quantitative fluorescence studies and constitutes an important step for future studies using such nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rune S Frederiksen
- Bio-Nanotechnology and Nanomedicine Laboratory, Department of Chemistry & Nano-Science Center, University of Copenhagen , Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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