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Xie M, Ma S, Li W, Song J, Jiang Y, Jing Y, Li C, Lefkidis G, Hübner W, Jin W. Theoretical study of electronic structures, magnetic properties, and ultrafast spin manipulation in transition metal adsorbed polycyclic-aromatic-hydrocarbon molecules. J Chem Phys 2024; 161:044301. [PMID: 39037134 DOI: 10.1063/5.0206485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
We present a first-principles study of the structural, electronic, and magnetic properties of TM(PAH)0/+ (TM = Fe, Co, Ni; PAH = C10H8, C16H10, C24H12, C32H14) complexes and explore the laser-induced spin dynamics as well as their stability with respect to various laser parameters. For each complex, the most stable configuration shows that the TM atom prefers to adsorb at the hollow site of the carbon ring with a slight deviation from the center. The electronic structure and spin localization of the complexes are found to be largely affected by the TM type. Driven by various laser pulses, spin-crossover scenarios are achieved in all structures, while spin-transfer between TM and PAH is achieved in Ni(C10H8), Ni(C16H10), and Ni(C24H12). The influence of the laser energy and chirp on the dynamics is also investigated, providing important information regarding the stability and sensitivity of the dynamical process. All results are believed to reveal the physics nature of the TM-PAH systems, to guide the experimental realization of their ultrafast spin dynamics and thus to promote their applications in future spintronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menglin Xie
- School of Physics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
- School of Physics and Information Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Shangjie Ma
- School of Physics and Information Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Weiqi Li
- School of Physics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Jie Song
- School of Physics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Yongyuan Jiang
- School of Physics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Yuhang Jing
- Department of Astronautical Science and Mechanics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Chun Li
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
- Research and Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Georgios Lefkidis
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
- Department of Physics, Rheinland-Pfälzische Technische Universität Kaiserslautern-Landau, P.O. Box 3049, 67653 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Hübner
- Department of Physics, Rheinland-Pfälzische Technische Universität Kaiserslautern-Landau, P.O. Box 3049, 67653 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Wei Jin
- School of Physics and Information Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
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Remy Q, Hohlfeld J, Vergès M, Le Guen Y, Gorchon J, Malinowski G, Mangin S, Hehn M. Accelerating ultrafast magnetization reversal by non-local spin transfer. Nat Commun 2023; 14:445. [PMID: 36707525 PMCID: PMC9883451 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36164-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
When exciting a magnetic material with a femtosecond laser pulse, the amplitude of magnetization is no longer constant and can decrease within a time scale comparable to the duration of the optical excitation. This ultrafast demagnetization can even trigger an ultrafast, out of equilibrium, phase transition to a paramagnetic state. The reciprocal effect, namely an ultrafast remagnetization from the zero magnetization state, is a necessary ingredient to achieve a complete ultrafast reversal. However, the speed of remagnetization is limited by the universal critical slowing down which appears close to a phase transition. Here we demonstrate that magnetization can be reversed in a few hundreds of femtoseconds by overcoming the critical slowing down thanks to ultrafast spin cooling and spin heating mechanisms. We foresee that these results outline the potential of ultrafast spintronics for future ultrafast and energy efficient magnetic memory and storage devices. Furthermore, this should motivate further theoretical works in the field of femtosecond magnetization reversal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quentin Remy
- grid.461892.00000 0000 9407 7201Université de Lorraine, Institut Jean Lamour, UMR, 7198 CNRS Nancy, France
| | - Julius Hohlfeld
- grid.461892.00000 0000 9407 7201Université de Lorraine, Institut Jean Lamour, UMR, 7198 CNRS Nancy, France
| | - Maxime Vergès
- grid.461892.00000 0000 9407 7201Université de Lorraine, Institut Jean Lamour, UMR, 7198 CNRS Nancy, France
| | - Yann Le Guen
- grid.461892.00000 0000 9407 7201Université de Lorraine, Institut Jean Lamour, UMR, 7198 CNRS Nancy, France
| | - Jon Gorchon
- grid.461892.00000 0000 9407 7201Université de Lorraine, Institut Jean Lamour, UMR, 7198 CNRS Nancy, France
| | - Grégory Malinowski
- grid.461892.00000 0000 9407 7201Université de Lorraine, Institut Jean Lamour, UMR, 7198 CNRS Nancy, France
| | - Stéphane Mangin
- grid.461892.00000 0000 9407 7201Université de Lorraine, Institut Jean Lamour, UMR, 7198 CNRS Nancy, France
| | - Michel Hehn
- grid.461892.00000 0000 9407 7201Université de Lorraine, Institut Jean Lamour, UMR, 7198 CNRS Nancy, France
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Chardonnet V, Hennes M, Jarrier R, Delaunay R, Jaouen N, Kuhlmann M, Ekanayake N, Léveillé C, von Korff Schmising C, Schick D, Yao K, Liu X, Chiuzbăian GS, Lüning J, Vodungbo B, Jal E. Toward ultrafast magnetic depth profiling using time-resolved x-ray resonant magnetic reflectivity. STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS (MELVILLE, N.Y.) 2021; 8:034305. [PMID: 34235231 PMCID: PMC8225393 DOI: 10.1063/4.0000109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
During the last two decades, a variety of models have been developed to explain the ultrafast quenching of magnetization following femtosecond optical excitation. These models can be classified into two broad categories, relying either on a local or a non-local transfer of angular momentum. The acquisition of the magnetic depth profiles with femtosecond resolution, using time-resolved x-ray resonant magnetic reflectivity, can distinguish local and non-local effects. Here, we demonstrate the feasibility of this technique in a pump-probe geometry using a custom-built reflectometer at the FLASH2 free-electron laser (FEL). Although FLASH2 is limited to the production of photons with a fundamental wavelength of 4 nm ( ≃ 310 eV ), we were able to probe close to the Fe L 3 edge ( 706.8 eV ) of a magnetic thin film employing the third harmonic of the FEL. Our approach allows us to extract structural and magnetic asymmetry signals revealing two dynamics on different time scales which underpin a non-homogeneous loss of magnetization and a significant dilation of 2 Å of the layer thickness followed by oscillations. Future analysis of the data will pave the way to a full quantitative description of the transient magnetic depth profile combining femtosecond with nanometer resolution, which will provide further insight into the microscopic mechanisms underlying ultrafast demagnetization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentin Chardonnet
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique-Matière et Rayonnement, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Marcel Hennes
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique-Matière et Rayonnement, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Romain Jarrier
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique-Matière et Rayonnement, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Renaud Delaunay
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique-Matière et Rayonnement, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Jaouen
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin, B.P. 48, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | | | | | - Cyril Léveillé
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin, B.P. 48, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | | | - Daniel Schick
- Max Born Institut für Nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Kelvin Yao
- Max Born Institut für Nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Xuan Liu
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin, B.P. 48, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Gheorghe S. Chiuzbăian
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique-Matière et Rayonnement, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Jan Lüning
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, 14109 Berlin, Germany
| | - Boris Vodungbo
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique-Matière et Rayonnement, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Emmanuelle Jal
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique-Matière et Rayonnement, 75005 Paris, France
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Time-Resolved XUV Absorption Spectroscopy and Magnetic Circular Dichroism at the Ni M2,3-Edges. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app11010325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Ultrashort optical pulses can trigger a variety of non-equilibrium processes in magnetic thin films affecting electrons and spins on femtosecond timescales. In order to probe the charge and magnetic degrees of freedom simultaneously, we developed an X-ray streaking technique that has the advantage of providing a jitter-free picture of absorption cross-section changes. In this paper, we present an experiment based on this approach, which we performed using five photon probing energies at the Ni M2,3-edges. This allowed us to retrieve the absorption and magnetic circular dichroism time traces, yielding detailed information on transient modifications of electron and spin populations close to the Fermi level. Our findings suggest that the observed absorption and magnetic circular dichroism dynamics both depend on the extreme ultraviolet (XUV) probing wavelength, and can be described, at least qualitatively, by assuming ultrafast energy shifts of the electronic and magnetic elemental absorption resonances, as reported in recent work. However, our analysis also hints at more complex changes, highlighting the need for further experimental and theoretical studies in order to gain a thorough understanding of the interplay of electronic and spin degrees of freedom in optically excited magnetic thin films.
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Remy Q, Igarashi J, Iihama S, Malinowski G, Hehn M, Gorchon J, Hohlfeld J, Fukami S, Ohno H, Mangin S. Energy Efficient Control of Ultrafast Spin Current to Induce Single Femtosecond Pulse Switching of a Ferromagnet. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2020; 7:2001996. [PMID: 33304754 PMCID: PMC7709970 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202001996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
New methods to induce magnetization switching in a thin ferromagnetic material using femtosecond laser pulses without the assistance of an applied external magnetic field have recently attracted a lot of interest. It has been shown that by optically triggering the reversal of the magnetization in a GdFeCo layer, the magnetization of a nearby ferromagnetic thin film can also be reversed via spin currents originating in the GdFeCo layer. Here, using a similar structure, it is shown that the magnetization reversal of the GdFeCo is not required in order to reverse the magnetization of the ferromagnetic thin film. This switching is attributed to the ultrafast spin current and can be generated by the GdFeCo demagnetization. A larger energy efficiency of the ferromagnetic layer single pulse switching is obtained for a GdFeCo with a larger Gd concentration. Those ultrafast and energy efficient switchings observed in such spintronic devices open a new path toward ultrafast and energy efficient magnetic memories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quentin Remy
- Université de LorraineInstitut Jean LamourUMR CNRSNancy7198France
| | - Junta Igarashi
- Laboratory for Nanoelectronics and SpintronicsResearch Institute of Electrical CommunicationTohoku University2‐1‐1 Katahira, AobaSendai980‐8577Japan
| | - Satoshi Iihama
- Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary SciencesTohoku University6‐3 Aramaki Aza AobaSendai980‐8578Japan
- Center for Spintronics Research NetworkTohoku University2‐1‐1 Katahira, AobaSendai980‐8577Japan
| | | | - Michel Hehn
- Université de LorraineInstitut Jean LamourUMR CNRSNancy7198France
| | - Jon Gorchon
- Université de LorraineInstitut Jean LamourUMR CNRSNancy7198France
| | - Julius Hohlfeld
- Université de LorraineInstitut Jean LamourUMR CNRSNancy7198France
| | - Shunsuke Fukami
- Laboratory for Nanoelectronics and SpintronicsResearch Institute of Electrical CommunicationTohoku University2‐1‐1 Katahira, AobaSendai980‐8577Japan
- WPI Advanced Institute for Materials ResearchTohoku University2‐1‐1 Katahira, AobaSendai980‐8577Japan
- Center for Science and Innovation in SpintronicsTohoku University2‐1‐1 Katahira, AobaSendai980‐8577Japan
- Center for Spintronics Research NetworkTohoku University2‐1‐1 Katahira, AobaSendai980‐8577Japan
- Center for Innovative Integrated Electronic SystemsTohoku University468‐1 Aramaki Aza AobaSendai980‐0845Japan
| | - Hideo Ohno
- Laboratory for Nanoelectronics and SpintronicsResearch Institute of Electrical CommunicationTohoku University2‐1‐1 Katahira, AobaSendai980‐8577Japan
- WPI Advanced Institute for Materials ResearchTohoku University2‐1‐1 Katahira, AobaSendai980‐8577Japan
- Center for Science and Innovation in SpintronicsTohoku University2‐1‐1 Katahira, AobaSendai980‐8577Japan
- Center for Spintronics Research NetworkTohoku University2‐1‐1 Katahira, AobaSendai980‐8577Japan
- Center for Innovative Integrated Electronic SystemsTohoku University468‐1 Aramaki Aza AobaSendai980‐0845Japan
| | - Stéphane Mangin
- Université de LorraineInstitut Jean LamourUMR CNRSNancy7198France
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Hoveyda F, Hohenstein E, Judge R, Smadici S. Ultrafast demagnetization at high temperatures. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2018; 30:195802. [PMID: 29583125 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/aab9f1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Time-resolved pump-probe measurements were made at variable heat accumulation in Co/Pd superlattices. Heat accumulation increases the baseline temperature and decreases the equilibrium magnetization. Transient ultrafast demagnetization first develops with higher fluence in parallel with strong equilibrium thermal spin fluctuations. The ultrafast demagnetization is then gradually removed as the equilibrium temperature approaches the Curie temperature. The transient magnetization time-dependence is well fit with the spin-flip scattering model.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Hoveyda
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Louisville, KY 40292, United States of America
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Hoveyda F, Hohenstein E, Judge R, Smadici S. Demagnetizing fields in all-optical switching. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2018; 30:035801. [PMID: 29185999 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/aa9e39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A model of demagnetizing fields and micromagnetic simulations are applied to examine the evolution of a demagnetized cylinder. In addition to three expected final magnetic structures, a fourth switched state is obtained over a range of magnetic energy densities. The switched state is absent when demagnetizing fields are neglected. The connection to all-optical switching of materials with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Hoveyda
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Louisville, KY 40292, United States of America
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Eschenlohr A, Bovensiepen U. Special issue on ultrafast magnetism. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2018; 30:030301. [PMID: 29188793 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/aa9e69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
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