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Abideen ZU, Arifeen WU, Bandara YMNDY. Emerging trends in metal oxide-based electronic noses for healthcare applications: a review. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:9259-9283. [PMID: 38680123 DOI: 10.1039/d4nr00073k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
An electronic nose (E-nose) is a technology fundamentally inspired by the human nose, designed to detect, recognize, and differentiate specific odors or volatile components in complex and chaotic environments. Comprising an array of sensors with meticulously designed nanostructured architectures, E-noses translate the chemical information captured by these sensors into useful metrics using complex pattern recognition algorithms. E-noses can significantly enhance the quality of life by offering preventive point-of-care devices for medical diagnostics through breath analysis, and by monitoring and tracking hazardous and toxic gases in the environment. They are increasingly being used in defense and surveillance, medical diagnostics, agriculture, environmental monitoring, and product validation and authentication. The major challenge in developing a reliable E-nose involves miniaturization and low power consumption. Various sensing materials are employed to address these issues. This review presents the key advancements over the last decade in E-nose technology, specifically focusing on chemiresistive metal oxide sensing materials. It discusses their sensing mechanisms, integration into portable E-noses, and various data analysis techniques. Additionally, we review the primary metal oxide-based E-noses for disease detection through breath analysis. Finally, we address the major challenges and issues in developing and implementing a portable metal oxide-based E-nose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zain Ul Abideen
- Nanotechnology Research Laboratory, Research School of Chemistry, College of Science, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia.
| | - Waqas Ul Arifeen
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Daehak-ro, Gyeongsan-si, Gyeongbuk-do, 38541, South Korea
| | - Y M Nuwan D Y Bandara
- Nanotechnology Research Laboratory, Research School of Chemistry, College of Science, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia.
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Abideen ZU, Arifeen WU, Tricoli A. Advances in flame synthesis of nano-scale architectures for chemical, biomolecular, plasmonic, and light sensing. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:7752-7785. [PMID: 38563193 DOI: 10.1039/d4nr00321g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Flame spray pyrolysis (FSP), a key technique under the broader category of flame aerosol synthesis, is being increasingly explored for the design of advanced miniaturized sensor architectures with applications including chemical, biomolecular, plasmonic, and light sensing. This review provides an overview of the advantages of FSP for the fabrication of nanostructured materials for sensing, delving into synthesis strategies and material structures that meet the increasing demands for miniaturized sensor devices. We focus on the fundamentals of FSP, discussing reactor configurations and how process parameters such as precursor compositions, flow rates, and temperature influence nanoparticle characteristics and their sensing performance. A detailed analysis of nanostructures, compositions, and morphologies made by FSP and their applications in chemical, chemiresistive, plasmonic, biosensing, and light sensing is presented. This review identifies the challenges and opportunities of FSP, exploring current limitations and potential improvements for industrial translation. We conclude by highlighting future research directions aiming to establish guidelines for the flame-based design of nano-scale sensing architectures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zain Ul Abideen
- Nanotechnology Research Laboratory, Research School of Chemistry, College of Science, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Waqas Ul Arifeen
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Daehak-ro, Gyeongsan-si, Gyeongbuk-do, 38541, South Korea
| | - Antonio Tricoli
- Nanotechnology Research Laboratory, Research School of Chemistry, College of Science, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
- Nanotechnology Research Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia.
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Sánchez-Vicente C, Santos JP, Lozano J, Sayago I, Sanjurjo JL, Azabal A, Ruiz-Valdepeñas S. Graphene-Doped Tin Oxide Nanofibers and Nanoribbons as Gas Sensors to Detect Biomarkers of Different Diseases through the Breath. SENSORS 2020; 20:s20247223. [PMID: 33348560 PMCID: PMC7767173 DOI: 10.3390/s20247223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This work presents the development of tin oxide nanofibers (NFs) and nanoribbons (NRs) sensors with graphene as a dopant for the detection of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) corresponding to different chronic diseases (asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cystic fibrosis or diabetes). This research aims to determine the ability of these sensors to differentiate between gas samples corresponding to healthy people and patients with a disease. The nanostructures were grown by electrospinning and deposited on silicon substrates with micro-heaters integrated. The morphology of NFs and NRs was characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). A gas line was assembled and programmed to measure a wide range of gases (ethanol, acetone, NO and CO) at different concentrations simulating human breath conditions. Measurements were made in the presence and absence of humidity to evaluate its effect. The sensors were able to differentiate between the concentrations corresponding to a healthy person and a patient with one of the selected diseases. These were sensitive to biomarkers such as acetone and ethanol at low operating temperatures (with responses above 35%). Furthermore, CO and NO response was at high temperatures (above 5%). The sensors had a rapid response, with times of 50 s and recovery periods of about 10 min.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Sánchez-Vicente
- Institute of Physics Technology and Information (CSIC), 28006 Madrid, Spain; (J.P.S.); (I.S.); (J.L.S.)
- Up Devices and Technologies, 28021 Madrid, Spain; (A.A.); (S.R.-V.)
- Correspondence:
| | - José Pedro Santos
- Institute of Physics Technology and Information (CSIC), 28006 Madrid, Spain; (J.P.S.); (I.S.); (J.L.S.)
| | - Jesús Lozano
- Industrial Engineering School, University of Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain;
| | - Isabel Sayago
- Institute of Physics Technology and Information (CSIC), 28006 Madrid, Spain; (J.P.S.); (I.S.); (J.L.S.)
| | - José Luis Sanjurjo
- Institute of Physics Technology and Information (CSIC), 28006 Madrid, Spain; (J.P.S.); (I.S.); (J.L.S.)
| | - Alfredo Azabal
- Up Devices and Technologies, 28021 Madrid, Spain; (A.A.); (S.R.-V.)
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Imran M, Motta N, Shafiei M. Electrospun one-dimensional nanostructures: a new horizon for gas sensing materials. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 9:2128-2170. [PMID: 30202686 PMCID: PMC6122236 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.9.202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Electrospun one-dimensional (1D) nanostructures are rapidly emerging as key enabling components in gas sensing due to their unique electrical, optical, magnetic, thermal, mechanical and chemical properties. 1D nanostructures have found applications in numerous areas, including healthcare, energy storage, biotechnology, environmental monitoring, and defence/security. Their enhanced specific surface area, superior mechanical properties, nanoporosity and improved surface characteristics (in particular, uniformity and stability) have made them important active materials for gas sensing applications. Such highly sensitive and selective elements can be embedded in sensor nodes for internet-of-things applications or in mobile systems for continuous monitoring of air pollutants and greenhouse gases as well as for monitoring the well-being and health in everyday life. Herein, we review recent developments of gas sensors based on electrospun 1D nanostructures in different sensing platforms, including optical, conductometric and acoustic resonators. After explaining the principle of electrospinning, we classify sensors based on the type of materials used as an active sensing layer, including polymers, metal oxide semiconductors, graphene, and their composites or their functionalized forms. The material properties of these electrospun fibers and their sensing performance toward different analytes are explained in detail and correlated to the benefits and limitations for every approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Imran
- Institute for Future Environments and School of Chemistry, Physics, and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
| | - Nunzio Motta
- Institute for Future Environments and School of Chemistry, Physics, and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
| | - Mahnaz Shafiei
- Institute for Future Environments and School of Chemistry, Physics, and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
- Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia
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Investigation of hydrogen sensing properties of graphene/Al–SnO2 composite nanotubes derived from electrospinning. J IND ENG CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2018.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Subramanian V, Jena S, Ghosh D, Jash M, Baksi A, Ray D, Pradeep T. Dual Probe Sensors Using Atomically Precise Noble Metal Clusters. ACS OMEGA 2017; 2:7576-7583. [PMID: 30023558 PMCID: PMC6044776 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.7b01219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This article adds a new direction to the functional capability of protein-protected atomically precise gold clusters as sensors. Counting on the extensively researched intense luminescence of these clusters and considering the electron donating nature of select amino acids, we introduce a dual probe sensor capable of sensing changes in luminescence and conductivity, utilizing bovine serum albumin-protected atomically precise gold clusters hosted on nanofibers. To this end, we have also developed a hybrid nanofiber with a conducting core with a porous dielectric shell. We show that clusters in combination with nanofibers offer a highly selective and sensitive platform for the detection of trace quantities of trinitrotoluene, both in solution and in the vapor phase. In the solution phase, trinitrotoluene (TNT) can be detected down to 1 ppt at room temperature, whereas in vapor phase, 4.8 × 109 molecules of TNT can be sensed using a 1 mm fiber. Although the development in electrospinning techniques for fabricating nanofibers as sensors is quite substantial, a hybrid fiber with the dual properties of conductivity and luminescence has not been reported yet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vidhya Subramanian
- DST
Unit of Nanoscience (DSTUNS) and Thematic Unit of Excellence
(TUE), Department of Chemistry, Department of Biotechnology,
and Department of Electrical
Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology
Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Sanjoy Jena
- DST
Unit of Nanoscience (DSTUNS) and Thematic Unit of Excellence
(TUE), Department of Chemistry, Department of Biotechnology,
and Department of Electrical
Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology
Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Debasmita Ghosh
- DST
Unit of Nanoscience (DSTUNS) and Thematic Unit of Excellence
(TUE), Department of Chemistry, Department of Biotechnology,
and Department of Electrical
Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology
Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Madhuri Jash
- DST
Unit of Nanoscience (DSTUNS) and Thematic Unit of Excellence
(TUE), Department of Chemistry, Department of Biotechnology,
and Department of Electrical
Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology
Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Ananya Baksi
- DST
Unit of Nanoscience (DSTUNS) and Thematic Unit of Excellence
(TUE), Department of Chemistry, Department of Biotechnology,
and Department of Electrical
Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology
Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Debdutta Ray
- DST
Unit of Nanoscience (DSTUNS) and Thematic Unit of Excellence
(TUE), Department of Chemistry, Department of Biotechnology,
and Department of Electrical
Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology
Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Thalappil Pradeep
- DST
Unit of Nanoscience (DSTUNS) and Thematic Unit of Excellence
(TUE), Department of Chemistry, Department of Biotechnology,
and Department of Electrical
Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology
Madras, Chennai 600036, India
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