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Pushparajah S, Hasegawa S, Pham TSH, Shafiei M, Yu A. Facile Synthesis of Platinum Nanoparticle-Embedded Reduced Graphene Oxide for the Detection of Carbendazim. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:7622. [PMID: 38138764 PMCID: PMC10744356 DOI: 10.3390/ma16247622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, there has been a significant interest in the advancement of electrochemical sensing platforms to detect pesticides with high sensitivity and selectivity. Current research presents a novel approach utilising platinum nanoparticles (NPs) and reduced graphene oxide deposited on a glassy carbon electrode (Pt-rGO/GCE) for direct electrochemical measurement of carbendazim (CBZ). A straightforward one-step electrodeposition process was applied to prepare the Pt-rGO sensing platform. The incorporation of conductive rGO nanosheets along with distinctive structured Pt NPs significantly enhanced the effective electrode surface area and electron transfer of CBZ. Additionally, when exposed to 50 µM CBZ, Pt-rGO/GCE exhibited a higher current response compared to the bare electrode. Further investigations were performed to analyse and optimise the experimental parameters that could influence pesticide detection. Under the optimised conditions of pH 7 and 5 min of accumulation time, the Pt-rGO/GCE sensor showed a linear concentration detection range from 0.1 µM to 50 µM, with a detection limit of 3.46 nM. The fabricated sensor was successfully employed for CBZ detection in milk and tap water with 98.88% and 98.57% recovery, respectively. The fabricated sensor showed higher sensitivity and reproducibility, thus indicating the potential of this technology in the development of reliable sensors for the detection of CBZ or similar pesticides in forthcoming applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Aimin Yu
- School of Science, Computing, and Engineering Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia; (S.P.); (T.S.H.P.); (M.S.)
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Yavari A, Mirza IB, Bagha H, Korala H, Dia H, Scifleet P, Sargent J, Tjung C, Shafiei M. ArtEMon: Artificial Intelligence and Internet of Things Powered Greenhouse Gas Sensing for Real-Time Emissions Monitoring. Sensors (Basel) 2023; 23:7971. [PMID: 37766027 PMCID: PMC10536912 DOI: 10.3390/s23187971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions reporting and sustainability are increasingly important for businesses around the world. Yet the lack of a single standardised method of measurement, when coupled with an inability to understand the true state of emissions in complex logistics activities, presents enormous barriers for businesses to understanding the extent of their emissions footprint. One of the traditional approaches to accurately capturing and monitoring gas emissions in logistics is through using gas sensors. However, connecting, maintaining, and operating gas sensors on moving vehicles in different road and weather conditions is a large and costly challenge. This paper presents the development and evaluation of a reliable and accurate sensing technique for GHG emissions collection (or monitoring) in real-time, employing the Internet of Things (IoT) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) to eliminate or reduce the usage of gas sensors, using reliable and cost-effective solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Yavari
- School of Science, Computing and Engineering Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC 3122, Australia
- 6G Research and Innovation Lab, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC 3122, Australia
| | - Irfan Baig Mirza
- School of Science, Computing and Engineering Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC 3122, Australia
| | - Hamid Bagha
- Department of Infrastructure Engineering, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Harindu Korala
- Institute of Railway Technology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Hussein Dia
- Department of Civil and Construction Engineering, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC 3122, Australia
| | - Paul Scifleet
- School of Business, Law and Entrepreneurship, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC 3122, Australia
| | - Jason Sargent
- School of Business, Law and Entrepreneurship, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC 3122, Australia
| | - Caroline Tjung
- School of Design and Architecture, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC 3122, Australia
| | - Mahnaz Shafiei
- School of Science, Computing and Engineering Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC 3122, Australia
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Konar E, Khatami SR, Pezeshki SP, Shafiei M, Hajjari MR. The effect of PRP and hyperosmolarity simultaneous use on expression profile alteration of miRNAs associated with cartilage differentiation in human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Gene 2023; 859:147188. [PMID: 36632912 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.147188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are a type of multipotent stem cell whose differentiation into cartilage cells has been considered in recent years. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) may impair cartilage differentiation due to its richness in growth factors and hyperosmolarity due to its proximity to the required cartilage environment. OBJECTIVES The main purpose of this study was to treat human adipose tissue-derived MSCs concurrently with PRP and hyperosmolarity to investigate the expression profile of micro-RNA (miRNA) involved in the cartilage process differentiation. We examined the effect of PRP and the increase in osmolarity on the expression of miR-27, miR-101, miR-140, miR-145, miR-146, and miR-199. METHODS Mesenchymal stem cells were extracted from human adipose tissue and differentiated into chondrocytes and the effect of baseline cultures (diff), PRP (prp), hyperosmolarity (os), base plus hyperosmolarity (diff + os), PRP plus hyperosmolarity (prp + os) next to the control group were studied in cartilage differentiation using specific stains such as Alcian blue, hematoxylin and eosin, and collagen type 2 and 10 immunohistochemistry. In addition, the expression of miR-27, miR-140, miR-199, miR-146, miR-101, and miR-145 was evaluated using real-time PCR. CONCLUSION Human adipose tissue-derived MSCs with the ability to differentiate into adipocytes and osteocytes showed the properties of chondrocytes in all differentiation groups. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) enzyme activity and calcium deposition were lower in the diff + os group than in other groups. Therefore, the diff + os group may be a more suitable environment for cartilage differentiation. Furthermore, 5% PRP concentration and hyperosmolarity showed a positive effect on miR-140, miR-199, miR-27, and, miR-146 and a negative effect on miR-101 and miR-145 on cartilage differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Konar
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - S R Khatami
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - S P Pezeshki
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran; Student Research Committee, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - M Shafiei
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - M R Hajjari
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
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Yavari A, Bagha H, Korala H, Mirza I, Dia H, Scifleet P, Sargent J, Shafiei M. ParcEMon: IoT Platform for Real-Time Parcel Level Last-Mile Delivery Greenhouse Gas Emissions Reporting and Management. Sensors (Basel) 2022; 22:s22197380. [PMID: 36236475 PMCID: PMC9570629 DOI: 10.3390/s22197380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Transport is Australia's third-largest source of greenhouse gases accounting for around 17% of emissions. In recent times, and particularly as a result of the global pandemic, the rapid growth within the e-commerce sector has contributed to last-mile delivery becoming one of the main emission sources. Delivery vehicles operating at the last-mile travel long routes to deliver to customers an array of consignment parcels in varying numbers and weights, and therefore these vehicles play a major role in increasing emissions and air pollutants. The work reported in this paper aims to address these challenges by developing an IoT platform to measure and report on real-world last-mile delivery emissions. Such evaluations help to understand the factors contributing to freight emissions so that appropriate mitigation measures are implemented. Unlike previous research that was completed in controlled laboratory settings, the data collected in this research were from a delivery vehicle under real-world traffic and driving conditions. The IoT platform was tested to provide contextualised reporting by taking into account three main contexts including vehicle, environment and driving behaviours. This approach to data collection enabled the analysis of parcel level emissions and correlation of the vehicle characteristics, road conditions, ambient temperature and other environmental factors and driving behaviour that have an impact on emissions. The raw data collected from the sensors were analysed in real-time in the IoT platform, and the results showed a trade-off between parcel weight and total distance travelled which must be considered when selecting the best delivery order for reducing emissions. Overall, the study demonstrated the feasibility of the IoT platform in collecting the desired levels of data and providing detailed analysis of emissions at the parcel level. This type of micro-level understanding provides an important knowledge base for the enhancement of delivery processes and reduction of last-mile delivery emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Yavari
- School of Science, Computing and Engineering Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC 3122, Australia
| | - Hamid Bagha
- School of Science, Computing and Engineering Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC 3122, Australia
| | - Harindu Korala
- Institute of Railway Technology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Irfan Mirza
- School of Science, Computing and Engineering Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC 3122, Australia
| | - Hussein Dia
- Department of Civil and Construction Engineering, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC 3122, Australia
| | - Paul Scifleet
- School of Business, Law and Entrepreneurship, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC 3122, Australia
| | - Jason Sargent
- School of Business, Law and Entrepreneurship, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC 3122, Australia
| | - Mahnaz Shafiei
- School of Science, Computing and Engineering Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC 3122, Australia
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Bradford J, Shafiei M, MacLeod J, Motta N. Synthesis and characterization of WS 2/graphene/SiC van der Waals heterostructures via WO 3-x thin film sulfurization. Sci Rep 2020; 10:17334. [PMID: 33060655 PMCID: PMC7567119 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-74024-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Van der Waals heterostructures of monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) and graphene have attracted keen scientific interest due to the complementary properties of the materials, which have wide reaching technological applications. Direct growth of uniform, large area TMDs on graphene substrates by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) is limited by slow lateral growth rates, which result in a tendency for non-uniform multilayer growth. In this work, monolayer and few-layer WS2 was grown on epitaxial graphene on SiC by sulfurization of WO3−x thin films deposited directly onto the substrate. Using this method, WS2 growth was achieved at temperatures as low as 700 °C – significantly less than the temperature required for conventional CVD. Achieving long-range uniformity remains a challenge, but this process could provide a route to synthesize a broad range of TMD/graphene van der Waals heterostructures with novel properties and functionality not accessible by conventional CVD growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Bradford
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Mahnaz Shafiei
- Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, Australia.,Institute for Future Environments, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Jennifer MacLeod
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Institute for Future Environments, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Nunzio Motta
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, Australia. .,Institute for Future Environments, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, Australia. .,Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
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Shafiei M, Ojaghlou N, Zamfir SG, Bratko D, Luzar A. Modulation of structure and dynamics of water under alternating electric field and the role of hydrogen bonding. Mol Phys 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2019.1651919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Shafiei
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - N. Ojaghlou
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - S. G. Zamfir
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - D. Bratko
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - A. Luzar
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
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7
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Shafiei M, Ghasemian A, Eslami M, Nojoomi F, Rajabi-Vardanjani H. Risk factors and control strategies for silicotuberculosis as an occupational disease. New Microbes New Infect 2019; 27:75-77. [PMID: 30622714 PMCID: PMC6319297 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmni.2018.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Silicotuberculosis is critical in community settings among workers and employees exposed to silica dust. Older age of entry (>30 years), male sex, infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), exposure duration, smoking, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, migration, the severity of the silicosis and the intensity of the exposure are potential risk factors. Lack of timely diagnosis and treatment for tuberculosis (TB) may also raise the rate of infection; previous treatment of TB is possibly associated with the development of silicotuberculosis in more than half of patients, increasing with age (>40 years). Identification of risk factors benefits not only the academic research community, but also the workers or employees and policy making. Some strategies can be implemented, such as controlling or reducing exposure to silica dust, ensuring continuity of treatment of TB or extended anti-TB treatment, management of the situation by occupational health professionals, prevention of oscillating migration, providing workers with compensation, training and education in occupational health, improving the quality of life of miners and workers, intensive medical surveillance and TB screening in routine health check ups, and policy making for higher immunity to inhibit inhalation of dust by workers or employees.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Shafiei
- )Department of Microbiology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - A. Ghasemian
- )Department of Microbiology, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - M. Eslami
- )Department of Microbiology and Virology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - F. Nojoomi
- )Microbiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Khoshsirat N, Ali F, Tiing Tiong V, Amjadipour M, Wang H, Shafiei M, Motta N. Optimization of Mo/Cr bilayer back contacts for thin-film solar cells. Beilstein J Nanotechnol 2018; 9:2700-2707. [PMID: 30416921 PMCID: PMC6204819 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.9.252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Molybdenum (Mo) is the most commonly used material as back contact in thin-film solar cells. Adhesion of Mo film to soda-lime glass (SLG) substrate is crucial to the performance of solar cells. In this study, an optimized bilayer structure made of a thin layer of Mo on an ultra-thin chromium (Cr) adhesion layer is used as the back contact for a copper zinc tin sulfide (CZTS) thin-film solar cell on a SLG substrate. DC magnetron sputtering is used for deposition of Mo and Cr films. The conductivity of Mo/Cr bilayer films, their microstructure and surface morphology are studied at different deposition powers and working pressures. Good adhesion to the SLG substrate has been achieved by means of an ultra-thin Cr layer under the Mo layer. By optimizing the deposition conditions we achieved low surface roughness, high optical reflectance and low sheet resistivity while we could decrease the back contact thickness to 600 nm. That is two thirds to half of the thickness that is currently being used for bilayer and single layer back contact for thin-film solar cells. We demonstrate the excellent properties of Mo/Cr bilayer as back contact of a CZTS solar cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nima Khoshsirat
- School of Chemistry, Physics, Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Australia
| | - Fawad Ali
- School of Chemistry, Physics, Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Australia
| | - Vincent Tiing Tiong
- School of Chemistry, Physics, Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Australia
| | - Mojtaba Amjadipour
- School of Chemistry, Physics, Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Australia
| | - Hongxia Wang
- School of Chemistry, Physics, Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Australia
| | - Mahnaz Shafiei
- School of Chemistry, Physics, Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Australia
- Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Nunzio Motta
- School of Chemistry, Physics, Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Australia
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9
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Imran M, Motta N, Shafiei M. Electrospun one-dimensional nanostructures: a new horizon for gas sensing materials. Beilstein J Nanotechnol 2018; 9:2128-2170. [PMID: 30202686 PMCID: PMC6122236 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.9.202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Electrospun one-dimensional (1D) nanostructures are rapidly emerging as key enabling components in gas sensing due to their unique electrical, optical, magnetic, thermal, mechanical and chemical properties. 1D nanostructures have found applications in numerous areas, including healthcare, energy storage, biotechnology, environmental monitoring, and defence/security. Their enhanced specific surface area, superior mechanical properties, nanoporosity and improved surface characteristics (in particular, uniformity and stability) have made them important active materials for gas sensing applications. Such highly sensitive and selective elements can be embedded in sensor nodes for internet-of-things applications or in mobile systems for continuous monitoring of air pollutants and greenhouse gases as well as for monitoring the well-being and health in everyday life. Herein, we review recent developments of gas sensors based on electrospun 1D nanostructures in different sensing platforms, including optical, conductometric and acoustic resonators. After explaining the principle of electrospinning, we classify sensors based on the type of materials used as an active sensing layer, including polymers, metal oxide semiconductors, graphene, and their composites or their functionalized forms. The material properties of these electrospun fibers and their sensing performance toward different analytes are explained in detail and correlated to the benefits and limitations for every approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Imran
- Institute for Future Environments and School of Chemistry, Physics, and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
| | - Nunzio Motta
- Institute for Future Environments and School of Chemistry, Physics, and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
| | - Mahnaz Shafiei
- Institute for Future Environments and School of Chemistry, Physics, and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
- Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia
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10
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Morawska L, Thai PK, Liu X, Asumadu-Sakyi A, Ayoko G, Bartonova A, Bedini A, Chai F, Christensen B, Dunbabin M, Gao J, Hagler GSW, Jayaratne R, Kumar P, Lau AKH, Louie PKK, Mazaheri M, Ning Z, Motta N, Mullins B, Rahman MM, Ristovski Z, Shafiei M, Tjondronegoro D, Westerdahl D, Williams R. Applications of low-cost sensing technologies for air quality monitoring and exposure assessment: How far have they gone? Environ Int 2018; 116:286-299. [PMID: 29704807 PMCID: PMC6145068 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2018.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decade, a range of sensor technologies became available on the market, enabling a revolutionary shift in air pollution monitoring and assessment. With their cost of up to three orders of magnitude lower than standard/reference instruments, many avenues for applications have opened up. In particular, broader participation in air quality discussion and utilisation of information on air pollution by communities has become possible. However, many questions have been also asked about the actual benefits of these technologies. To address this issue, we conducted a comprehensive literature search including both the scientific and grey literature. We focused upon two questions: (1) Are these technologies fit for the various purposes envisaged? and (2) How far have these technologies and their applications progressed to provide answers and solutions? Regarding the former, we concluded that there is no clear answer to the question, due to a lack of: sensor/monitor manufacturers' quantitative specifications of performance, consensus regarding recommended end-use and associated minimal performance targets of these technologies, and the ability of the prospective users to formulate the requirements for their applications, or conditions of the intended use. Numerous studies have assessed and reported sensor/monitor performance under a range of specific conditions, and in many cases the performance was concluded to be satisfactory. The specific use cases for sensors/monitors included outdoor in a stationary mode, outdoor in a mobile mode, indoor environments and personal monitoring. Under certain conditions of application, project goals, and monitoring environments, some sensors/monitors were fit for a specific purpose. Based on analysis of 17 large projects, which reached applied outcome stage, and typically conducted by consortia of organizations, we observed that a sizable fraction of them (~ 30%) were commercial and/or crowd-funded. This fact by itself signals a paradigm change in air quality monitoring, which previously had been primarily implemented by government organizations. An additional paradigm-shift indicator is the growing use of machine learning or other advanced data processing approaches to improve sensor/monitor agreement with reference monitors. There is still some way to go in enhancing application of the technologies for source apportionment, which is of particular necessity and urgency in developing countries. Also, there has been somewhat less progress in wide-scale monitoring of personal exposures. However, it can be argued that with a significant future expansion of monitoring networks, including indoor environments, there may be less need for wearable or portable sensors/monitors to assess personal exposure. Traditional personal monitoring would still be valuable where spatial variability of pollutants of interest is at a finer resolution than the monitoring network can resolve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Morawska
- Queensland University of Technology, International Laboratory for Air Quality & Health, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Queensland University of Technology, Science and Engineering Faculty, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
| | - Phong K Thai
- Queensland University of Technology, International Laboratory for Air Quality & Health, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Queensland University of Technology, Science and Engineering Faculty, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Xiaoting Liu
- Queensland University of Technology, International Laboratory for Air Quality & Health, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Queensland University of Technology, Science and Engineering Faculty, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Akwasi Asumadu-Sakyi
- Queensland University of Technology, International Laboratory for Air Quality & Health, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Queensland University of Technology, Science and Engineering Faculty, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Godwin Ayoko
- Queensland University of Technology, International Laboratory for Air Quality & Health, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Queensland University of Technology, Science and Engineering Faculty, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Alena Bartonova
- Norwegian Institute for Air Research, POB 100, N-2027 Kjeller, Norway
| | | | - Fahe Chai
- Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Bryce Christensen
- Queensland University of Technology, International Laboratory for Air Quality & Health, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Queensland University of Technology, Science and Engineering Faculty, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Matthew Dunbabin
- Queensland University of Technology, Institute for Future Environments, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Jian Gao
- Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Gayle S W Hagler
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Rohan Jayaratne
- Queensland University of Technology, International Laboratory for Air Quality & Health, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Queensland University of Technology, Science and Engineering Faculty, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Prashant Kumar
- Global Centre for Clean Air Research (GCARE), Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7XH, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Alexis K H Lau
- Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Peter K K Louie
- Environmental Protection Department, Government of the Hong Kong Special Administration Region, China
| | - Mandana Mazaheri
- Queensland University of Technology, International Laboratory for Air Quality & Health, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Queensland University of Technology, Science and Engineering Faculty, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Climate and Atmospheric Science Branch, NSW Office of Environment and Heritage, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Zhi Ning
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Nunzio Motta
- Queensland University of Technology, Science and Engineering Faculty, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Ben Mullins
- Curtin Institute for Computation, Occupation and Environment, School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Md Mahmudur Rahman
- Queensland University of Technology, International Laboratory for Air Quality & Health, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Queensland University of Technology, Science and Engineering Faculty, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Zoran Ristovski
- Queensland University of Technology, International Laboratory for Air Quality & Health, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Queensland University of Technology, Science and Engineering Faculty, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Mahnaz Shafiei
- Queensland University of Technology, Science and Engineering Faculty, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Queensland University of Technology, Institute for Future Environments, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia
| | - Dian Tjondronegoro
- School of Business and Tourism, Southern Cross University, QLD, Australia
| | - Dane Westerdahl
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ron Williams
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
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Gali OA, Shafiei M, Hunter JA, Riahi AR. The characterization of near-surface defects evolved on aluminum-manganese alloys during hot rolling. SURF INTERFACE ANAL 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/sia.5864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- O. A. Gali
- Department of Mechanical, Automotive and Materials Engineering; University of Windsor; Windsor ON N9B 3P4 Canada
| | - M. Shafiei
- Novelis Global Research and Technology Center; Kennesaw GA 30144 USA
| | - J. A. Hunter
- Novelis Global Research and Technology Center; Kennesaw GA 30144 USA
| | - A. R. Riahi
- Department of Mechanical, Automotive and Materials Engineering; University of Windsor; Windsor ON N9B 3P4 Canada
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Datta AJ, Gupta B, Shafiei M, Taylor R, Motta N. Growth of graphene on cylindrical copper conductors as an anticorrosion coating: a microscopic study. Nanotechnology 2016; 27:285704. [PMID: 27263663 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/27/28/285704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We have successfully grown graphene film on the surface of cylindrical copper conductors by chemical vapour deposition. The quality and number of graphene layers have been investigated using Raman spectroscopy, Raman mapping and scanning electron microscopy, as a function of methane gas flow rate and of growth temperature. Transmission electron microscopy analysis has been performed to verify the number of graphene layers, confirming the results obtained by Raman spectroscopy. The results open up the possibility of using graphene as an anticorrosion coating for copper cables and earth grids.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Datta
- Electrical Engineering and Computer Science School, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane 4001, QLD, Australia
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13
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Baart TA, Shafiei M, Fujita T, Reichl C, Wegscheider W, Vandersypen LMK. Single-spin CCD. Nat Nanotechnol 2016; 11:330-334. [PMID: 26727201 DOI: 10.1038/nnano.2015.291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Spin-based electronics or spintronics relies on the ability to store, transport and manipulate electron spin polarization with great precision. In its ultimate limit, information is stored in the spin state of a single electron, at which point quantum information processing also becomes a possibility. Here, we demonstrate the manipulation, transport and readout of individual electron spins in a linear array of three semiconductor quantum dots. First, we demonstrate single-shot readout of three spins with fidelities of 97% on average, using an approach analogous to the operation of a charge-coupled device (CCD). Next, we perform site-selective control of the three spins, thereby writing the content of each pixel of this 'single-spin charge-coupled device'. Finally, we show that shuttling an electron back and forth in the array hundreds of times, covering a cumulative distance of 80 μm, has negligible influence on its spin projection. Extrapolating these results to the case of much larger arrays points at a diverse range of potential applications, from quantum information to imaging and sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- T A Baart
- QuTech and Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, TU Delft, GA Delft 2600, The Netherlands
| | - M Shafiei
- QuTech and Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, TU Delft, GA Delft 2600, The Netherlands
| | - T Fujita
- QuTech and Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, TU Delft, GA Delft 2600, The Netherlands
| | - C Reichl
- Solid State Physics Laboratory, ETH Zürich, Zürich 8093, Switzerland
| | - W Wegscheider
- Solid State Physics Laboratory, ETH Zürich, Zürich 8093, Switzerland
| | - L M K Vandersypen
- QuTech and Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, TU Delft, GA Delft 2600, The Netherlands
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14
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Gali OA, Shafiei M, Hunter JA, Riahi AR. The development of near-surface microstructures during hot rolling of aluminum-magnesium alloys in relation to work roll topography. SURF INTERFACE ANAL 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/sia.5863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- O. A. Gali
- Department of Mechanical, Automotive and Materials Engineering; University of Windsor; Windsor ON N9B 3P4 Canada
| | - M. Shafiei
- Novelis Global Research and Technology Center; Kennesaw GA 30144 USA
| | - J. A. Hunter
- Novelis Global Research and Technology Center; Kennesaw GA 30144 USA
| | - A. R. Riahi
- Department of Mechanical, Automotive and Materials Engineering; University of Windsor; Windsor ON N9B 3P4 Canada
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15
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Scarlino P, Kawakami E, Stano P, Shafiei M, Reichl C, Wegscheider W, Vandersypen LMK. Spin-relaxation anisotropy in a GaAs quantum dot. Phys Rev Lett 2014; 113:256802. [PMID: 25554903 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.113.256802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We report that the electron spin-relaxation time T_{1} in a GaAs quantum dot with a spin-1/2 ground state has a 180° periodicity in the orientation of the in-plane magnetic field. This periodicity has been predicted for circular dots as being due to the interplay of Rashba and Dresselhaus spin orbit contributions. Different from this prediction, we find that the extrema in the T_{1} do not occur when the magnetic field is along the [110] and [11[over ¯]0] crystallographic directions. This deviation is attributed to an elliptical dot confining potential. The T_{1} varies by more than 1 order of magnitude when rotating a 3 T field, reaching about 80 ms for the optimal angle. We infer from the data that in our device the signs of the Rashba and Dresselhaus constants are opposite.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Scarlino
- Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, TU Delft, Lorentzweg 1, 2628 CJ Delft, Netherlands
| | - E Kawakami
- Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, TU Delft, Lorentzweg 1, 2628 CJ Delft, Netherlands
| | - P Stano
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan and Institute of Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 84511 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - M Shafiei
- Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, TU Delft, Lorentzweg 1, 2628 CJ Delft, Netherlands
| | - C Reichl
- Solid State Physics Laboratory, ETH Zurich, Schafmattstrasse 16, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - W Wegscheider
- Solid State Physics Laboratory, ETH Zurich, Schafmattstrasse 16, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - L M K Vandersypen
- Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, TU Delft, Lorentzweg 1, 2628 CJ Delft, Netherlands
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16
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Piloto C, Notarianni M, Shafiei M, Taran E, Galpaya D, Yan C, Motta N. Highly NO2 sensitive caesium doped graphene oxide conductometric sensors. Beilstein J Nanotechnol 2014; 5:1073-1081. [PMID: 25161842 PMCID: PMC4143126 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.5.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2014] [Accepted: 06/24/2014] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Here we report on the synthesis of caesium doped graphene oxide (GO-Cs) and its application to the development of a novel NO2 gas sensor. The GO, synthesized by oxidation of graphite through chemical treatment, was doped with Cs by thermal solid-state reaction. The samples, dispersed in DI water by sonication, have been drop-casted on standard interdigitated Pt electrodes. The response of both pristine and Cs doped GO to NO2 at room temperature is studied by varying the gas concentration. The developed GO-Cs sensor shows a higher response to NO2 than the pristine GO based sensor due to the oxygen functional groups. The detection limit measured with GO-Cs sensor is ≈90 ppb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Piloto
- Institute for Future Environments and School of Chemistry, Physics, and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
| | - Marco Notarianni
- Institute for Future Environments and School of Chemistry, Physics, and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
| | - Mahnaz Shafiei
- Institute for Future Environments and School of Chemistry, Physics, and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
| | - Elena Taran
- The University of Queensland, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, Australian National Fabrication Facility - QLD Node, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Dilini Galpaya
- Institute for Future Environments and School of Chemistry, Physics, and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
| | - Cheng Yan
- Institute for Future Environments and School of Chemistry, Physics, and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
| | - Nunzio Motta
- Institute for Future Environments and School of Chemistry, Physics, and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
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Yu J, Yuan L, Wen H, Shafiei M, Field MR, Liang J, Yang J, Liu ZF, Wlodarski W, Motta N, Li YX, Zhang G, Kalantar-Zadeh K, Lai PT. Hydrothermally formed functional niobium oxide doped tungsten nanorods. Nanotechnology 2013; 24:495501. [PMID: 24231755 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/24/49/495501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Nanorod forms of metal oxides are recognized as one of the most remarkable morphologies. Their structure and functionality have driven important advancements in a vast range of electronic devices and applications. In this work, we postulate a novel concept to explain how numerous localized surface states can be engineered into the bandgap of niobium oxide nanorods using tungsten. We discuss their contributions as local state surface charges for the modulation of a Schottky barrier height, the relative dielectric constant and their respective conduction mechanisms. Their effects on hydrogen gas molecule interaction mechanisms are also examined herein. We synthesized niobium tungsten oxide (Nb17W2O25) nanorods via a hydrothermal growth method and evaluated the Schottky barrier height, ideality factor, dielectric constant and trap energy level from the measured I-V versus temperature characteristics in the presence of air and hydrogen to show the validity of our postulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerry Yu
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
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18
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Srinivasa V, Nowack KC, Shafiei M, Vandersypen LMK, Taylor JM. Simultaneous spin-charge relaxation in double quantum dots. Phys Rev Lett 2013; 110:196803. [PMID: 23705734 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.110.196803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We investigate phonon-induced spin and charge relaxation mediated by spin-orbit and hyperfine interactions for a single electron confined within a double quantum dot. A simple toy model incorporating both direct decay to the ground state of the double dot and indirect decay via an intermediate excited state yields an electron spin relaxation rate that varies nonmonotonically with the detuning between the dots. We confirm this model with experiments performed on a GaAs double dot, demonstrating that the relaxation rate exhibits the expected detuning dependence and can be electrically tuned over several orders of magnitude. Our analysis suggests that spin-orbit mediated relaxation via phonons serves as the dominant mechanism through which the double-dot electron spin-flip rate varies with detuning.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Srinivasa
- Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA.
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19
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Shafiei M, Nowack KC, Reichl C, Wegscheider W, Vandersypen LMK. Resolving spin-orbit- and hyperfine-mediated electric dipole spin resonance in a quantum dot. Phys Rev Lett 2013; 110:107601. [PMID: 23521296 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.110.107601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the electric manipulation of a single-electron spin in a single gate-defined quantum dot. We observe that so-far neglected differences between the hyperfine- and spin-orbit-mediated electric dipole spin resonance conditions have important consequences at high magnetic fields. In experiments using adiabatic rapid passage to invert the electron spin, we observe an unusually wide and asymmetric response as a function of the magnetic field. Simulations support the interpretation of the line shape in terms of four different resonance conditions. These findings may lead to isotope-selective control of dynamic nuclear polarization in quantum dots.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Shafiei
- Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, PO Box 5046, 2600 GA Delft, The Netherlands.
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Dehghani M, Poorseidi B, Sattari H, Nikeghbalian S, Zahedi MJ, Seyyed-Mirzaei SM, Shafiei M, Vahedian M, Malek-Hosseini SA. Two-year experience of orthotopic liver transplantation in afzalipoor hospital, kerman, southeastern iran. Int J Organ Transplant Med 2012; 3:120-3. [PMID: 25013635 PMCID: PMC4089295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND End-stage liver diseases are common in Iran. The only therapeutic option for these patients is liver transplantation. OBJECTIVE To present our 2-year experience of liver transplantations in Afzalipoor Hospital, Kerman, southeastern Iran. METHODS From November 2009 to September 2011, 12 patients underwent orthotopic liver transplantation in our center. Their data including demographics, indications for transplantation, MELD scores, post-operative complications and their management were collected. RESULTS Patients (7 women and 5 men) aged between 14 and 55 years. Indications for the transplantation included HBV infection (n=5), cryptogenic cirrhosis (n=2), Wilson's disease, alcoholism (n=1), HCV infection (n=1), Budd-Chiari syndrome (n=1), and autoimmune hepatitis (n=1). MELD score of patients ranged from 16 to 30. All patients received tacrolimus, mycophenolate mofetile and corticosteroid, postoperatively. 2 patients died of pulmonary and intra-abdominal infections with resultant to multiple organ failure. Nonfunctioning of transplanted liver and ongoing bleeding resulted in death in another patients. 9 patients are well doing and have excellent liver functions. CONCLUSION We had relatively successful results in our experience of orthotopic liver transplantation. Vicinity of our center to Shiraz Transplant Center would be an important factor in this success.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Dehghani
- Organ Transplant Research Center, Afzalipoor Hospital, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - B. Poorseidi
- Organ Transplant Research Center, Afzalipoor Hospital, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - H. Sattari
- Organ Transplant Research Center, Afzalipoor Hospital, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - S. Nikeghbalian
- Organ Transplant Research Center, Nemazee Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - M. J. Zahedi
- Organ Transplant Research Center, Afzalipoor Hospital, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - S. M. Seyyed-Mirzaei
- Organ Transplant Research Center, Afzalipoor Hospital, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - M. Shafiei
- Organ Transplant Research Center, Afzalipoor Hospital, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - M. Vahedian
- Organ Transplant Research Center, Afzalipoor Hospital, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - S. A. Malek-Hosseini
- Organ Transplant Research Center, Nemazee Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Shafiei M, Nobakht M, Moazzam AA. Lipid-lowering effect of Rhus coriaria L. (sumac) fruit extract in hypercholesterolemic rats. Pharmazie 2011; 66:988-992. [PMID: 22312707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Hyperlipidemia is a major risk factor for development of atherosclerosis. In the present study, the hypolipidemic effects of sumac (Rhus coriaria L.) fruits in high cholesterold diet (HCD)-fed rats was investigated. There was a significant (p < 0.001) increase in the levels of total cholesterol (TC) and triglycerides (TG) along with augmented activities of serum aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and lactate dehydrogenase. Treatment with aqueous methanol extract of sumac fruits reduced the above alterations observed in hypercholesterolemic rats. Sumac extract also reversed the hypertrophic cardiac histology. Furthermore, in vivo toxicological studies showed no evidence of acute toxicity of the extract in male Wistar rats. In conclusion, sumac fruit extract intervention minimized the lipid abnormalities and abnormal biochemical changes induced in HCD fed rats. This shows that sumac fruit extract possesses cardioprotective and hepatoprotective activities which will be beneficial in hypercholesterolemic condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Shafiei
- Department of Pharmacology & Razi Institute for Drug Reasearch, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Nowack KC, Shafiei M, Laforest M, Prawiroatmodjo GEDK, Schreiber LR, Reichl C, Wegscheider W, Vandersypen LMK. Single-shot correlations and two-qubit gate of solid-state spins. Science 2011; 333:1269-72. [PMID: 21817015 DOI: 10.1126/science.1209524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Measurement of coupled quantum systems plays a central role in quantum information processing. We have realized independent single-shot read-out of two electron spins in a double quantum dot. The read-out method is all-electrical, cross-talk between the two measurements is negligible, and read-out fidelities are ~86% on average. This allows us to directly probe the anticorrelations between two spins prepared in a singlet state and to demonstrate the operation of the two-qubit exchange gate on a complete set of basis states. The results provide a possible route to the realization and efficient characterization of multiqubit quantum circuits based on single quantum dot spins.
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Affiliation(s)
- K C Nowack
- Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, Post Office Box 5046, 2600 GA Delft, Netherlands.
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24
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Arsat R, He X, Spizzirri P, Shafiei M, Arsat M, Wlodarski W. Hydrogen Gas Sensor Based on Highly Ordered Polyaniline/Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes Composite. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1166/sl.2011.1648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Yu J, Shafiei M, Oh CM, Jung TB, Kalantar-zadeh K, Kang JH, Wlodarski W. Pt/Nanograined ZnO/SiC Schottky Diode Based Hydrogen and Propene Sensor. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1166/sl.2011.1418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Shafiei M, Sadek A, Yu J, Latham K, Breedon M, McCulloch D, Kalantar-zadeh K, Wlodarski W. A Hydrogen Gas Sensor Based on Pt/Nanostructured WO3/SiC Schottky Diode. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1166/sl.2011.1409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Shahcheraghi F, Shafiei M, Valadkhani Z. Detection of Neisseria gonorrhoeae from vaginal swabs of Ewin, Rajaii shahr, Karaj and Varamin female prisoners by PCR and culture methods. Pak J Biol Sci 2010; 13:198-200. [PMID: 20437689 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2010.198.200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Isolation of N. gonorrhoeae by culture method is currently the gold standard for the definitive diagnosis of gonorrhoea. However, PCR techniques are being used more frequently as sensitivity and specificity of the newer tests are improved. In this study, 500 vaginal swabs from Ewin, Rajaii shahr, Karaj and Varamin female prisoners were used for detection of N. gonorrhoae by culture and PCR techniques. Five hundred vaginal swabs from Ewin, Rajaii shahr, Karaj and Varamin female prisoners were cultured in modified Thayer Martin in 37 degrees C with 5% CO2 for 72 h. Oxidase, catalase tests, biochemical tests such as maltose and glucose oxidation and gram staining, were used to confirm the isolated species. Amplification by PCR using 2 targets which are specific for N. gonorrhoeae, Ngu1 and Ngu2, were used to detect the presence of gonococcal specific DNA. Despite of finding some questionable samples as N. gonorrhoeae by using biochemical tests, PCR method confirmed that none of them were positive for N. gonorrhoeae. This study deals with detection of N. gonorrhoeae among woman prisoners in three main prisons in Tehran, Iran. The high specificity and sensitivity coupled with low cost and rapidity of the method (PCR) provided a substantial advantages over the time consuming culture methods currently used in hospitals and laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Shahcheraghi
- Department of Bacteriology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
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28
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Yu J, Shafiei M, Breedon M, Kalantar-zadeh K, Wlodarski W. A comparison of forward and reverse bias operation in a Pt/nanostructured ZnO Schottky diode based hydrogen sensor. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.proche.2009.07.244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Rahmani MB, Keshmiri SH, Shafiei M, Latham K, Wlodarski W, du Plessis J, Kalantar-Zadeh K. Transition from n- to p-Type of Spray Pyrolysis Deposited Cu Doped ZnO Thin Films for NO2 Sensing. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1166/sl.2009.1121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Sadeghzadeh N, Gandomkar M, Najafi R, Shafiei M, Sadat Ebrahimi SE, Shafiee A, Larijani B. Preparation and evaluation of a new 99mTc labeled bombesin derivative for tumor imaging. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-009-0138-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Arsat R, Breedon M, Shafiei M, Spizziri P, Gilje S, Kaner R, Kalantar-zadeh K, Wlodarski W. Graphene-like nano-sheets for surface acoustic wave gas sensor applications. Chem Phys Lett 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2008.11.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Arató E, Jancsó G, Sínay L, Kürthy M, Lantos J, Ferencz S, Horváth S, Shafiei M, Kasza G, Verzár Z, Kollár L, Rőth E, Wéber G, Menyhei G. Reperfusion injury and inflammatory responses following acute lower limb revascularization surgery. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 2008. [DOI: 10.3233/ch-2008-1070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E. Arató
- Department of General and Vascular Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Pécs, Hungary
| | - G. Jancsó
- Department of Surgical Research and Techniques, Faculty of Medicine, University of Pécs, Hungary
| | - L. Sínay
- Department of General and Vascular Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Pécs, Hungary
| | - M. Kürthy
- Department of Surgical Research and Techniques, Faculty of Medicine, University of Pécs, Hungary
| | - J. Lantos
- Department of Surgical Research and Techniques, Faculty of Medicine, University of Pécs, Hungary
| | - S. Ferencz
- Department of Surgical Research and Techniques, Faculty of Medicine, University of Pécs, Hungary
| | - S. Horváth
- Department of Surgical Research and Techniques, Faculty of Medicine, University of Pécs, Hungary
| | - M. Shafiei
- Department of General and Vascular Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Pécs, Hungary
| | - G. Kasza
- Department of General and Vascular Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Pécs, Hungary
| | - Z. Verzár
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Baranya County Hospital, Hungary
| | - L. Kollár
- Department of General and Vascular Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Pécs, Hungary
| | - E. Rőth
- Department of Surgical Research and Techniques, Faculty of Medicine, University of Pécs, Hungary
| | - G. Wéber
- Department of Surgical Research and Techniques, Faculty of Medicine, University of Pécs, Hungary
| | - G. Menyhei
- Department of General and Vascular Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Pécs, Hungary
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33
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Arató E, Jancsó G, Sínay L, Kürthy M, Lantos J, Ferencz S, Horváth S, Shafiei M, Kasza G, Verzár Z, Kollár L, Roth E, Wéber G, Menyhei G. Reperfusion injury and inflammatory responses following acute lower limb revascularization surgery. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 2008; 39:79-85. [PMID: 18503113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
After revascularization of an acute arterial occlusion the development of a serious ischaemic-reperfusion injury is a menacing challenge and a hard task in peripheral vascular surgery. A whale of evidences point to oxidative stress, as an important trigger, in the complex chain of events leading to reperfusion injury. In the present study authors aimed to examine oxidative stress parameters, antioxidant-prooxidant state and leukocyte adhesion molecules (CD11a and CD18) expression following acute revascularization surgery of lower limb.10 patients were examined in the prospective randomized study. Peripheral blood sample was collected in ischaemic period, and after reperfusion in the 2nd and 24th hours, and on 7th day. Superoxide-dismutase activity, reduced glutathion concentration and leukocytes free radical production were measured. The degree of lipidperoxidation was marked with the quantity of malondialdehyde. The expressions of adhesion molecules were measured with flowcytometry.The speed and rate of free radical production significantly increased in the early reperfusion (p<0.05). The level of antioxidant enzymes decreased after revascularization. The CD11a and CD18 expression of the granulocytes significantly (p<0.05) decreased right after the revascularization, but with a gradual elevation until the 7th day they exceed the ischaemic value. Our results showed a time specific turnover of the sensitive antioxidant-prooxidant balance after revascularization operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Arató
- Department of General and Vascular Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Pécs, Hungary.
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Kaciulis S, Pandolfi L, Comini E, Faglia G, Ferroni M, Sberveglieri G, Kandasamy S, Shafiei M, Wlodarski W. Nanowires of metal oxides for gas sensing applications. SURF INTERFACE ANAL 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/sia.2736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Sínay L, Kürthy M, Horváth S, Arató E, Shafiei M, Lantos J, Ferencz S, Bátor A, Balatonyi B, Verzár Z, Süto B, Kollár L, Wéber G, Roth E, Jancsó G. Ischaemic postconditioning reduces peroxide formation, cytokine expression and leukocyte activation in reperfusion injury after abdominal aortic surgery in rat model. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 2008; 40:133-142. [PMID: 19029638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We studied the protective effects of ischaemic postconditioning (PS) on ischemia-reperfusion injury of the lower extremities in a rat model of abdominal aortic intervention. We aimed to examine the evoked oxidative stress, cytokine expression and leukocyte activation after revascularisation surgery. METHODS Anesthetized animals (48 Whistar rats) underwent a 60 min infrarenal aorta cross-clamping. After the ischaemic period, an intermittent 4 times 15 s reperfusion--15 seconds ischaemic episodes--were applied (ischaemic postconditioning: group PS). Then we started a 120 min reperfusion in the aorta. In untreated group animals underwent a long ischaemia (60 min) and the following reperfusion (group IR). Peripherial blood samples were collected before operation, and in early (5, 10, 15, 30, 60 and 120 min) reperfusion periods. Serum peroxide level, TNF-alpha concentration, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and PMA-induced leukocyte ROS production were measured. RESULTS In PS group, plasma peroxide level elevation was significantly lower in very early reperfusion (5-30 min) comparing to non-conditioned IR group (10.04+/-1.9 microM/l vs. 16.91+/-3.67 microM/l, p<0.05). PS also reduced serum TNF-alpha concentration (167.41+/-31.26 microg/ml vs. 116.55+/-12.04 microg/ml, p<0.05), MPO activity (1.759+/-0.239 microM/ml vs. 1.22+/-0.126 microM/ml, p<0.05) and leukocyte activation detected by PMA-induced leukocyte ROS production (5.7+/-0.96 AU/10(3) cells vs. 4.63+/-0.69 AU/10(3) cells). CONCLUSIONS Ischaemic postconditioning could reduce ROI production after IR in early reperfusion period, thus limiting ROI mediated tissue lesion, cytokine-leukocyte activation and inflammatory responses. PS seems to be an effective tool in vascular surgery to reduce reperfusion injuries after revascularization interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Sínay
- Department of General and Vascular Surgery, University of Pecs Medical School, and Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Baranya County Hospital, Pecs, Hungary
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Sínay L, Kürthy M, Horváth S, Arató E, Shafiei M, Lantos J, Ferencz S, Bátor A, Balatonyi B, Verzár Z, Sütő B, Kollár L, Wéber G, Rőth E, Jancsó G. Ischaemic postconditioning reduces peroxide formation, cytokine expression and leukocyte activation in reperfusion injury after abdominal aortic surgery in rat model. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 2008. [DOI: 10.3233/ch-2008-1124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L. Sínay
- Department of General and Vascular Surgery, University of Pecs Medical School, Pecs, Hungary
| | - M. Kürthy
- Department of Surgical Research and Techniques, University of Pecs Medical School, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Sz. Horváth
- Department of Surgical Research and Techniques, University of Pecs Medical School, Pecs, Hungary
| | - E. Arató
- Department of General and Vascular Surgery, University of Pecs Medical School, Pecs, Hungary
| | - M. Shafiei
- Department of General and Vascular Surgery, University of Pecs Medical School, Pecs, Hungary
| | - J. Lantos
- Department of Surgical Research and Techniques, University of Pecs Medical School, Pecs, Hungary
| | - S. Ferencz
- Department of Surgical Research and Techniques, University of Pecs Medical School, Pecs, Hungary
| | - A. Bátor
- Department of Surgical Research and Techniques, University of Pecs Medical School, Pecs, Hungary
| | - B. Balatonyi
- Department of Surgical Research and Techniques, University of Pecs Medical School, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Zs. Verzár
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Baranya County Hospital, Pecs, Hungary
| | - B. Sütő
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, University of Pecs Medical School, Pecs, Hungary
| | - L. Kollár
- Department of General and Vascular Surgery, University of Pecs Medical School, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Gy. Wéber
- Department of Surgical Research and Techniques, University of Pecs Medical School, Pecs, Hungary
| | - E. Rőth
- Department of Surgical Research and Techniques, University of Pecs Medical School, Pecs, Hungary
| | - G. Jancsó
- Department of Surgical Research and Techniques, University of Pecs Medical School, Pecs, Hungary
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Akbarzadeh A, Norouzian D, Farhangi A, Mehrabi MR, Shafiei M, Zare D, Saffari Z, Mortazavi M, Mardaneh M, Nemati Z. Mutation of Streptomyces griseoflavus in order to obtain high yield desferrioxamine producing fused cells. Pak J Biol Sci 2007; 10:4527-4530. [PMID: 19093525 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2007.4527.4530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Streptomyces griseoflavus PTCC 1130 was mutated by UV irradiation. Two mutants were obtained (C7031 and S7011). These two mutants were able to produce desferioxamine. Desferrioxamine was extracted from the culture broth of the two mutated strains and the thin layer chromatogram of the products showed the R(F) values of 0.461, 0.463 and 0.456 for S7011, C7031 and the standard, respectively. The protoplasts of mutated Streptomyces griseoflavus were isolated and fused together. Total numbers of 58 fusions were obtained and only 17 fusions showed significant resistance to sodium azide and crystal violet. In terms of production of desferrioxamine only fusion PF9 and PF10 increased 68.3 and 81.8% desferrioxamine production as compared to parent strain (PTCC 1130), respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Akbarzadeh
- Department of Pilot Biotechnology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran 13169-43551, Iran
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Gandomkar M, Najafi R, Shafiei M, Ebrahimi SES. Confirmation of hydrazone formation in HYNIC-peptide conjugate preparation, and its hydrolysis during labeling with 99mTc. Appl Radiat Isot 2007; 65:805-8. [PMID: 17467277 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2007.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2006] [Revised: 02/14/2007] [Accepted: 03/07/2007] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Because of its monodenticity, 6-hydrazinopyridine-3-carboxylic acid (HYNIC) is of interest as a bifunctional chelator for labeling peptide with (99m)Tc. Here, we confirm the formation of hydrazone in HYNIC-conjugated peptide. The preparative HPLC was used to purify the HYNIC conjugated somatostatin-based peptide and the result showed two peaks, even after two consecutive purifications. Analysis of these peaks by mass spectrometry indicated the presence of hydrazone, produced during preparation conjugate. Further, we have shown that presence of hydrazone really does not matter because under (99m)Tc-labeling conditions, hydrazone is hydrolyzed back to HYNIC that then chelates (99m)Tc. A HYNIC-peptide conjugate freeze-dried kit was also prepared in a mildly acidic or neutral condition with a final pH of 6-7. The kit was then labeled by (99m)Tc and incubated in 100 degrees C for 10min, and a labeling yield of >95% was obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Gandomkar
- Radioisotope Division, Nuclear Research Center, Atomic Energy Organization of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
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Abstract
The effects of an intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of different doses of sildenafil, a cyclic guanosin monophosphate (cGMP) specific phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE 5) inhibitor, on memory retention of young (2-month-old) and middle aged (12-month-old) male Wistar rats were investigated. Passive avoidance behaviour was studied in a one trial learning, step--through type, passive avoidance task utilizing the natural preference of rats for a dark environment. In each category (young or middle-aged) different groups of rats received vehicle or sildenafil (1, 3, 10, 20 mg*kg(-1), i.p.) immediately after training and one group remained uninjected serwing as control. Retention latencies were measured 48 h later. To asses a possible non-specific proactive effect of sildenafil, the response latencies in a group of rats not receiving foot shock were also tested. The results showed that the post-training i.p. administration of sildenafil did not facilitate retention performance of a passive avoidance response in both young and middle aged rats compared to control or vehicle groups. Also, sildenafil did not affect response latencies in rats not having received the footshock on the training trial, indicating that sildenafil does not show a non-specific proactive affect on retention performance. The comparison of retention time between young and middle aged rats showed that the memory of the latter had been significantly reduced. In conclusion, this study suggests that sildenafil has no effects on memory retention in Wistar rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Shafiei
- Razi Institute of Drug Research, Iran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 14155-6183, Tehran, Iran
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors (ACEIs) like enalapril are extremely effective in the treatment of hypertension and heart failure. One of the most important side-effects of these drugs which can lead to cessation of therapy is a persistant dry cough, induced because of increased bradykinin levels in the lung. Although antitussive alkaloids like codeine are effective in suppressing this cough, they too present a wide range of side-effects, most notably addiction. OBJECTIVE In a previous work we were able to show that noscapine, a non-narcotic antitussive agent, was able to decrease enalapril induced cough in guinea pigs. In this work, papaverine, another non-narcotic alkaloid found in opium latex was tested in the guinea pig model for antitussive activity. METHOD Cough was induced in enalapril pretreated guinea pigs by forcing the animals to inspire capsaicin aerosol in an air-tight chamber. Coughs were recorded in control animals and in those which had received different doses of papaverine. Characteristic changes in chamber air pressure, were detected by a pressure transducer. RESULTS . At low doses (0.5 and 0.25 mg/kg) papaverine was able to decrease enalapril induced cough. CONCLUSION. This effect was not mediated by the action of the drug on mu receptors and was only observed in animals treated with enalapril.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Ebrahimi
- Razi Institute for Drug Research, Iran University for Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 14155-6183, Tehran, Iran
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Storm H, Shafiei M, Myre K, Raeder J. Palmar skin conductance compared to a developed stress score and to noxious and awakening stimuli on patients in anaesthesia. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2005; 49:798-803. [PMID: 15954962 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-6576.2005.00665.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The number of fluctuations in the skin conductance per s (NFSC) as a measure of the sympathetic nervous system may be a tool for monitoring physiological stress during surgery and general anaesthesia. The purpose of this study was to find the sensitivity and specificity of the NFSC when compared to a peroperative clinical stress score. Moreover, different patterns of skin conductance responses were compared with the BIS score to find out if the mean level of skin conductance (SC) and NFSC monitoring could differentiate between awakening and noxious stimuli. METHODS Fourteen patients were studied during stressful or non-stressful registration periods. During each registration period, the NFSC was compared to a five-point clinical stress score (CSS) (systolic blood pressure >130 mmHg, cough, tears, EMG in the forehead >50 or movements) and BIS score. RESULTS The NFSC and the CSS both indicated physiological stress at 12 registrations and no stress at 186 registrations. The NFSC indicated physiological stress without signs of clinical stress (CSS = 0) in 28 registrations, whereas signs of clinical stress (CSS > 0) were indicated on two occasions without signs of stress in the NFSC. The sensitivity of the NFSC when compared to the CSS was 86% and the specificity was 86%. Moreover, in all situations (n = 16) where NFSC indicated stress and the BIS score >50, the SC increased. This was different from situations (n = 13) where NFSC indicated stress and the BIS score <50, then the SC did not increase (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION The NFSC is sensitive to clinical stress during surgical stimulation. Moreover, the combined use of SC and NFSC may have a potential to differentiate between situations of stress due to inadequate hypnotic effect vs. inadequate analgesic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Storm
- The Skills Training Centre, The National Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
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Shafiei M, Nobakht M, Fattahi M, Kohneh-Shahri L, Mahmoudian M. Histochemical assessment of nitric oxide synthase activity in aortic endothelial cells of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Pathophysiology 2003; 10:63-67. [PMID: 14643905 DOI: 10.1016/j.pathophys.2003.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Impaired endothelium-dependent relaxation of blood vessels is a common feature in diabetes, but the exact underlying mechanisms have not yet been clarified. In present study, endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation of aortic rings were evaluated in vitro in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic and age-matched control rats. Moreover, nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity of aortic endothelial cells was assessed in both diabetic and healthy rats using histochemical staining for nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH)-diaphorase activity. The results showed a significant decrease of endothelium-dependent relaxation in response to acetylcholine (ACh) in diabetic rings, compared with controls, that was accompanied by a remarkable attenuation of NOS activity in diabetic sections of rat aorta stained for NADPH-diaphorase. Furthermore, a membrane disruption of some endothelial cells was also observed in all diabetic sections. It can be concluded that a decrease in NOS activity together with a disruption of endothelial cell membrane play a major role in endothelial dysfunction observed in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Shafiei
- Razi Institute for Drug Research, Iran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 14155-6183, Tehran, Iran
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Abstract
The internal mammary artery (IMA) is currently the preferred conduit for myocardial revascularization. However, perioperative vasospasm and a hypoperfusion state during maximal exercise may limit its use as a bypass graft. The mechanism of spasm has not been clearly defined. Since beta-adrenoceptor activation plays a major role in vasorelaxation, the present study was carried out to investigate the beta-adrenoceptor responsiveness of human IMA smooth muscle. Isoproterenol produced a concentration-dependent relaxation in endothelium-denuded IMA segments, precontracted with phenylephrine (maximal relaxation 46.33+/-5.45%). Atenolol (10(-6)M) and propranolol (2x10(-7)M) inhibited isoproterenol-induced relaxation. While atenolol produced partial inhibition, propranolol caused a complete inhibition in a majority of the segments and a partial inhibition in a minority. BRL 37344, a selective beta 3-adrenoceptor agonist, produced a concentration-dependent relaxation in phenylephrine-precontracted rings of endothelium-denuded IMA (maximal relaxation 40.35+/-4.07%). Cyanopindolol, a beta-adrenoceptor partial agonist, produced a marked relaxation (58.65+/-6.2%) in endothelium-denuded IMA rings, precontracted with phenylephrine. Cyanopindolol-induced relaxation was resistant to blockade by propranolol (2x10(-7)M). Spontaneous contractions of IMA rings were also observed in some cases that were inhibited by isoproterenol and BRL 37344. This observation implies the important role of beta-adrenoceptor activation in prevention of human IMA spasm. The results obtained in present study indicate that human IMA smooth muscle possesses an atypical beta-adrenoceptor together with beta1- and beta2-adrenoceptors. Regarding the relaxation induced in IMA rings by adding BRL 37344, the possible identical entities of IMA atypical beta-adrenoceptors and beta 3-adrenoceptors are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Shafiei
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mahmoudian
- Department of Pharmacology, Iran Univ. Med. Sci., Tehran, Iran
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Abstract
The possible existence of atypical beta-adrenoceptors in vascular smooth muscle of rat isolated thoracic aorta was investigated. Isoprenaline (10(-8)-10(-4) M) produced concentration-dependent relaxation of phenylephrine (10(-5) M) precontracted rings of endothelium-denuded rat aorta in vitro. Isoprenaline-induced relaxation was resistant to blockade by atenolol (10(-6) M). But, propranolol (2 x 10(-7) M) caused a non-competitive inhibition and SR 59230A (6.6 x 10(-6) M), a beta3-adrenoceptor selective antagonist, failed to produce additional antagonism in presence of propranolol. BRL 37344 (10(-8)-10(-4) M), a beta3-selective agonist, did not relax ring segments precontracted with phenylephrine (10(-5) M) in the absence of endothelium. The non-conventional partial agonist (-)-cyanopindolol (5 x 10(-6)-10(-4) M) induced a marked relaxation in phenylephrine (10(-5)M) precontracted aortic rings without endothelium. This vasodilation was resistant to blockade by propranolol (2 x 10(-7) M) and SR 59230A (10(-5) M). Salbutamol (10(-8)-10(-4) M) produced concentration-dependent relaxation in isolated endothelium-denuded aortic rings precontracted with phenylephrine (10(-5) M). Propranolol (2 x 10(-7) M), but not atenolol (10(-6) M), inhibited this relaxant response. It is concluded that in endothelium-denuded thoracic aorta, salbutamol acts through beta2-adrenoceptors whereas isoprenaline seems to activate both beta2-adrenoceptors and an atypical beta-adrenergic receptor. This atypical beta-adrenoceptor is distinct from putative beta3-adrenoceptor and maybe resembles the reported fourth cardiac beta-adrenoceptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Shafiei
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran
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