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Trivedi SJ, Bourque JM. Innovations in Imaging: 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose PET/CT for Assessment of Cardiovascular Infection and Inflammation. Curr Cardiol Rep 2024:10.1007/s11886-024-02137-z. [PMID: 39316219 DOI: 10.1007/s11886-024-02137-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/10/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (PET) combined with computed tomography (CT), referred to as 18F-FDG PET/CT, plays a significant role in the diagnosis and management of patients with systemic infectious and inflammatory conditions. This review provides an overview of 18F-FDG PET/CT in systemic infectious and inflammatory conditions, including infective endocarditis (IE), cardiac implantable electrical device (CIED)/left ventricular assist device (LVAD) infection, sarcoidosis, and large-vessel vasculitis (LVV). RECENT FINDINGS This review highlights the past and present literature in the increasing role of 18F-FDG PET/CT in cardiovascular inflammation and infection, including diagnostic and prognostic findings. They key aspects of this paper are to highlight the importance of 18F-FDG PET/CT in cardiovascular infection and inflammation, and to provide illustrations of how it can contribute to patient diagnosis and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddharth J Trivedi
- Cardiovascular Division (Department of Medicine), Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jamieson M Bourque
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cardiac Imaging Center, Departments of Medicine and Radiology, University of Virginia, 1215 Lee Street, PO Box 800158, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA.
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Ebrahimi S, Lundström E, Batasin SJ, Hedlund E, Stålberg K, Ehman EC, Sheth VR, Iranpour N, Loubrie S, Schlein A, Rakow-Penner R. Application of PET/MRI in Gynecologic Malignancies. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1478. [PMID: 38672560 PMCID: PMC11048306 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16081478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The diagnosis, treatment, and management of gynecologic malignancies benefit from both positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) and MRI. PET/CT provides important information on the local extent of disease as well as diffuse metastatic involvement. MRI offers soft tissue delineation and loco-regional disease involvement. The combination of these two technologies is key in diagnosis, treatment planning, and evaluating treatment response in gynecological malignancies. This review aims to assess the performance of PET/MRI in gynecologic cancer patients and outlines the technical challenges and clinical advantages of PET/MR systems when specifically applied to gynecologic malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheida Ebrahimi
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Elin Lundström
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Radiology, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
- Center for Medical Imaging, Uppsala University Hospital, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Summer J. Batasin
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Elisabeth Hedlund
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Radiology, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Karin Stålberg
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Eric C. Ehman
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Vipul R. Sheth
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA; (V.R.S.)
| | - Negaur Iranpour
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA; (V.R.S.)
| | - Stephane Loubrie
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Alexandra Schlein
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Rebecca Rakow-Penner
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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Aizaz M, van der Pol JAJ, Schneider A, Munoz C, Holtackers RJ, van Cauteren Y, van Langen H, Meeder JG, Rahel BM, Wierts R, Botnar RM, Prieto C, Moonen RPM, Kooi ME. Extended MRI-based PET motion correction for cardiac PET/MRI. EJNMMI Phys 2024; 11:36. [PMID: 38581561 PMCID: PMC10998820 DOI: 10.1186/s40658-024-00637-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE A 2D image navigator (iNAV) based 3D whole-heart sequence has been used to perform MRI and PET non-rigid respiratory motion correction for hybrid PET/MRI. However, only the PET data acquired during the acquisition of the 3D whole-heart MRI is corrected for respiratory motion. This study introduces and evaluates an MRI-based respiratory motion correction method of the complete PET data. METHODS Twelve oncology patients scheduled for an additional cardiac 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) PET/MRI and 15 patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) scheduled for cardiac 18F-Choline (18F-FCH) PET/MRI were included. A 2D iNAV recorded the respiratory motion of the myocardium during the 3D whole-heart coronary MR angiography (CMRA) acquisition (~ 10 min). A respiratory belt was used to record the respiratory motion throughout the entire PET/MRI examination (~ 30-90 min). The simultaneously acquired iNAV and respiratory belt signal were used to divide the acquired PET data into 4 bins. The binning was then extended for the complete respiratory belt signal. Data acquired at each bin was reconstructed and combined using iNAV-based motion fields to create a respiratory motion-corrected PET image. Motion-corrected (MC) and non-motion-corrected (NMC) datasets were compared. Gating was also performed to correct cardiac motion. The SUVmax and TBRmax values were calculated for the myocardial wall or a vulnerable coronary plaque for the 18F-FDG and 18F-FCH datasets, respectively. RESULTS A pair-wise comparison showed that the SUVmax and TBRmax values of the motion corrected (MC) datasets were significantly higher than those for the non-motion-corrected (NMC) datasets (8.2 ± 1.0 vs 7.5 ± 1.0, p < 0.01 and 1.9 ± 0.2 vs 1.2 ± 0.2, p < 0.01, respectively). In addition, the SUVmax and TBRmax of the motion corrected and gated (MC_G) reconstructions were also higher than that of the non-motion-corrected but gated (NMC_G) datasets, although for the TBRmax this difference was not statistically significant (9.6 ± 1.3 vs 9.1 ± 1.2, p = 0.02 and 2.6 ± 0.3 vs 2.4 ± 0.3, p = 0.16, respectively). The respiratory motion-correction did not lead to a change in the signal to noise ratio. CONCLUSION The proposed respiratory motion correction method for hybrid PET/MRI improved the image quality of cardiovascular PET scans by increased SUVmax and TBRmax values while maintaining the signal-to-noise ratio. Trial registration METC162043 registered 01/03/2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mueez Aizaz
- CARIM, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jochem A J van der Pol
- CARIM, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Alina Schneider
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Camila Munoz
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Robert J Holtackers
- CARIM, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Yvonne van Cauteren
- CARIM, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Cardiology, VieCuri Medical Centre, Venlo, The Netherlands
| | - Herman van Langen
- Department of Medical Physics and Devices, VieCuri Medical Centre, Venlo, The Netherlands
| | - Joan G Meeder
- Department of Cardiology, VieCuri Medical Centre, Venlo, The Netherlands
| | - Braim M Rahel
- Department of Cardiology, VieCuri Medical Centre, Venlo, The Netherlands
| | - Roel Wierts
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - René M Botnar
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
- Escuela de Ingeniería, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Millenium Institute for Intelligent Healthcare Engineering iHEALTH, Santiago, Chile
- Instituto de Ingeniería Biológica y Médica, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudia Prieto
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
- Escuela de Ingeniería, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Millenium Institute for Intelligent Healthcare Engineering iHEALTH, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rik P M Moonen
- CARIM, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - M Eline Kooi
- CARIM, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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Artesani A, Providência L, van Sluis J, Tsoumpas C. Beyond stillness: the importance of tackling patient's motion for reliable parametric imaging. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2024; 51:1210-1212. [PMID: 38216780 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-024-06592-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Artesani
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, 20072, Pieve Emanuele, Italy
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Laura Providência
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Joyce van Sluis
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Charalampos Tsoumpas
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, Netherlands.
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Whittington B, Dweck MR, van Beek EJR, Newby D, Williams MC. PET-MRI of Coronary Artery Disease. J Magn Reson Imaging 2023; 57:1301-1311. [PMID: 36524452 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.28554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Simultaneous positron emission tomography and magnetic resonance imaging (PET-MRI) combines the anatomical detail and tissue characterization of MRI with the functional information from PET. Within the coronary arteries, this hybrid technique can be used to identify biological activity combined with anatomically high-risk plaque features to better understand the processes underlying coronary atherosclerosis. Furthermore, the downstream effects of coronary artery disease on the myocardium can be characterized by providing information on myocardial perfusion, viability, and function. This review will describe the current capabilities of PET-MRI in coronary artery disease and discuss the limitations and future directions of this emerging technique. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 5 TECHNICAL EFFICACY: Stage 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beth Whittington
- BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Edinburgh Imaging Facility QMRI, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Marc R Dweck
- BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Edinburgh Imaging Facility QMRI, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - David Newby
- BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Edinburgh Imaging Facility QMRI, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Michelle C Williams
- BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Edinburgh Imaging Facility QMRI, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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Régis C, Benali K, Rouzet F. FDG PET/CT Imaging of Sarcoidosis. Semin Nucl Med 2023; 53:258-272. [PMID: 36870707 DOI: 10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2022.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Sarcoidosis is a multisystemic granulomatous disease of unknown etiology. The diagnostic can be made by histological identification of non-caseous granuloma or by a combination of clinical criteria. Active inflammatory granuloma can lead to fibrotic damage. Although 50% of cases resolve spontaneously, systemic treatments are often necessary to decrease symptoms and avoid permanent organ dysfunction, notably in cardiac sarcoidosis. The course of the disease can be punctuated by exacerbations and relapses and the prognostic depends mainly on affected sites and patient management. FDG-PET/CT along with newer FDG-PET/MR have emerged as key imaging modalities in sarcoidosis, namely for certain diagnostic purposes, staging and biopsy guiding. By identifying with a high sensitivity inflammatory active granuloma, FDG hybrid imaging is a main prognostic tool and therapeutic ally in sarcoidosis. This review aims to highlight the actual critical roles of hybrid PET imaging in sarcoidosis and display a brief perspective for the future which appears to include other radiotracers and artificial intelligence applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudine Régis
- Nuclear medicine department, Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard, AP-HP, Paris, France.; Department of Medical Imaging, Institut de Cardiologie de Montréal, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Khadija Benali
- Nuclear medicine department, Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard, AP-HP, Paris, France.; Université Paris Cité and Inserm U1148, Paris, France
| | - François Rouzet
- Nuclear medicine department, Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard, AP-HP, Paris, France.; Université Paris Cité and Inserm U1148, Paris, France..
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Senders ML, Calcagno C, Tawakol A, Nahrendorf M, Mulder WJM, Fayad ZA. PET/MR imaging of inflammation in atherosclerosis. Nat Biomed Eng 2023; 7:202-220. [PMID: 36522465 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-022-00970-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Myocardial infarction, stroke, mental disorders, neurodegenerative processes, autoimmune diseases, cancer and the human immunodeficiency virus impact the haematopoietic system, which through immunity and inflammation may aggravate pre-existing atherosclerosis. The interplay between the haematopoietic system and its modulation of atherosclerosis has been studied by imaging the cardiovascular system and the activation of haematopoietic organs via scanners integrating positron emission tomography and resonance imaging (PET/MRI). In this Perspective, we review the applicability of integrated whole-body PET/MRI for the study of immune-mediated phenomena associated with haematopoietic activity and cardiovascular disease, and discuss the translational opportunities and challenges of the technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max L Senders
- BioMedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Claudia Calcagno
- BioMedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ahmed Tawakol
- Cardiology Division and Cardiovascular Imaging Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Matthias Nahrendorf
- Center for Systems Biology and Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Willem J M Mulder
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud Institute of Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS) and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biochemical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands.
| | - Zahi A Fayad
- BioMedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
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Munoz C, Schneider A, Botnar RM, Prieto C. Recent advances in PET-MRI for cardiac sarcoidosis. FRONTIERS IN NUCLEAR MEDICINE (LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 2:1032444. [PMID: 39354972 PMCID: PMC11440945 DOI: 10.3389/fnume.2022.1032444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 10/03/2024]
Abstract
The diagnosis of cardiac sarcoidosis (CS) remains challenging. While only a small fraction of patients with systemic sarcoidosis present with clinically symptomatic CS, cardiac involvement has been associated with adverse outcomes, such as ventricular arrhythmia, heart block, heart failure and sudden cardiac death. Despite the clinical relevance of having an early and accurate diagnosis of CS, there is no gold-standard technique available for the assessment of CS. Non-invasive PET and MR imaging have shown promise in the detection of different histopathological features of CS. More recently, the introduction of hybrid PET-MR scanners has enabled the acquisition of these hallmarks in a single scan, demonstrating higher sensitivity and specificity for CS detection and risk stratification than with either imaging modality alone. This article describes recent developments in hybrid PET-MR imaging for improving the diagnosis of CS and discusses areas of future development that could make cardiac PET-MRI the preferred diagnostic tool for the comprehensive assessment of CS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Munoz
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alina Schneider
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - René M Botnar
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- Escuela de Ingeniería, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Millenium Institute for Intelligent Healthcare Engineering iHEALTH, Santiago, Chile
- Instituto de Ingeniería Biológica y Médica, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudia Prieto
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- Escuela de Ingeniería, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Millenium Institute for Intelligent Healthcare Engineering iHEALTH, Santiago, Chile
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Sun T, Wu Y, Wei W, Fu F, Meng N, Chen H, Li X, Bai Y, Wang Z, Ding J, Hu D, Chen C, Hu Z, Liang D, Liu X, Zheng H, Yang Y, Zhou Y, Wang M. Motion correction and its impact on quantification in dynamic total-body 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose PET. EJNMMI Phys 2022; 9:62. [PMID: 36104468 PMCID: PMC9474756 DOI: 10.1186/s40658-022-00493-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The total-body positron emission tomography (PET) scanner provides an unprecedented opportunity to scan the whole body simultaneously, thanks to its long axial field of view and ultrahigh temporal resolution. To fully utilize this potential in clinical settings, a dynamic scan would be necessary to obtain the desired kinetic information from scan data. However, in a long dynamic acquisition, patient movement can degrade image quality and quantification accuracy. Methods In this work, we demonstrated a motion correction framework and its importance in dynamic total-body FDG PET imaging. Dynamic FDG scans from 12 subjects acquired on a uEXPLORER PET/CT were included. In these subjects, 7 are healthy subjects and 5 are those with tumors in the thorax and abdomen. All scans were contaminated by motion to some degree, and for each the list-mode data were reconstructed into 1-min frames. The dynamic frames were aligned to a reference position by sequentially registering each frame to its previous neighboring frame. We parametrized the motion fields in-between frames as diffeomorphism, which can map the shape change of the object smoothly and continuously in time and space. Diffeomorphic representations of motion fields were derived by registering neighboring frames using large deformation diffeomorphic metric matching. When all pairwise registrations were completed, the motion field at each frame was obtained by concatenating the successive motion fields and transforming that frame into the reference position. The proposed correction method was labeled SyN-seq. The method that was performed similarly, but aligned each frame to a designated middle frame, was labeled as SyN-mid. Instead of SyN, the method that performed the sequential affine registration was labeled as Aff-seq. The original uncorrected images were labeled as NMC. Qualitative and quantitative analyses were performed to compare the performance of the proposed method with that of other correction methods and uncorrected images. Results The results indicated that visual improvement was achieved after correction of the SUV images for the motion present period, especially in the brain and abdomen. For subjects with tumors, the average improvement in tumor SUVmean was 5.35 ± 4.92% (P = 0.047), with a maximum improvement of 12.89%. An overall quality improvement in quantitative Ki images was also observed after correction; however, such improvement was less obvious in K1 images. Sampled time–activity curves in the cerebral and kidney cortex were less affected by the motion after applying the proposed correction. Mutual information and dice coefficient relative to the reference also demonstrated that SyN-seq improved the alignment between frames over non-corrected images (P = 0.003 and P = 0.011). Moreover, the proposed correction successfully reduced the inter-subject variability in Ki quantifications (11.8% lower in sampled organs). Subjective assessment by experienced radiologists demonstrated consistent results for both SUV images and Ki images. Conclusion To conclude, motion correction is important for image quality in dynamic total-body PET imaging. We demonstrated a correction framework that can effectively reduce the effect of random body movements on dynamic images and their associated quantification. The proposed correction framework can potentially benefit applications that require total-body assessment, such as imaging the brain-gut axis and systemic diseases.
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Yaros K, Eksi B, Chandra A, Agusala K, Lehmann LH, Zaha Vlad G. Cardio-oncology imaging tools at the translational interface. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2022; 168:24-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2022.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Zhang M, Xie Z, Long H, Ren K, Hou L, Wang Y, Xu X, Lei W, Yang Z, Ahmed S, Zhang H, Zhao G. Current advances in the imaging of atherosclerotic vulnerable plaque using nanoparticles. Mater Today Bio 2022; 14:100236. [PMID: 35341094 PMCID: PMC8943324 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2022.100236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques of the artery wall that pose a significant risk of cardio-cerebral vascular accidents remain the global leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Thus, early delineation of vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques is of clinical importance for prevention and treatment. The currently available imaging technologies mainly focus on the structural assessment of the vascular wall. Unfortunately, several disadvantages in these strategies limit the improvement in imaging effect. Nanoparticle technology is a novel diagnostic strategy for targeting and imaging pathological biomarkers. New functionalized nanoparticles that detect hallmarks of vulnerable plaques are promising for advance further control of this critical illness. The review aims to address the current opportunities and challenges for the use of nanoparticle technology in imagining vulnerable plaques.
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Bogdanovic B, Solari EL, Villagran Asiares A, McIntosh L, van Marwick S, Schachoff S, Nekolla SG. PET/MR Technology: Advancement and Challenges. Semin Nucl Med 2021; 52:340-355. [PMID: 34969520 DOI: 10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2021.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
When this article was written, it coincided with the 11th anniversary of the installation of our PET/MR device in Munich. In fact, this was the first fully integrated device to be in clinical use. During this time, we have observed many interesting behaviors, to put it kindly. However, it is more critical that in this process, our understanding of the system also improved - including the advantages and limitations from a technical, logistical, and medical perspective. The last decade of PET/MRI research has certainly been characterized by most sites looking for a "key application." There were many ideas in this context and before and after the devices became available, some of which were based on the earlier work with integrating data from single devices. These involved validating classical PET methods with MRI (eg, perfusion or oncology diagnostics). More important, however, were the scenarios where intermodal synergies could be expected. In this review, we look back on this decade-long journey, at the challenges overcome and those still to come.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borjana Bogdanovic
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Esteban Lucas Solari
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Alberto Villagran Asiares
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Lachlan McIntosh
- Department of Physical Sciences, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sandra van Marwick
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Sylvia Schachoff
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Stephan G Nekolla
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany.
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Lamare F, Bousse A, Thielemans K, Liu C, Merlin T, Fayad H, Visvikis D. PET respiratory motion correction: quo vadis? Phys Med Biol 2021; 67. [PMID: 34915465 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/ac43fc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Positron emission tomography (PET) respiratory motion correction has been a subject of great interest for the last twenty years, prompted mainly by the development of multimodality imaging devices such as PET/computed tomography (CT) and PET/magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). PET respiratory motion correction involves a number of steps including acquisition synchronization, motion estimation and finally motion correction. The synchronization steps include the use of different external device systems or data driven approaches which have been gaining ground over the last few years. Patient specific or generic motion models using the respiratory synchronized datasets can be subsequently derived and used for correction either in the image space or within the image reconstruction process. Similar overall approaches can be considered and have been proposed for both PET/CT and PET/MRI devices. Certain variations in the case of PET/MRI include the use of MRI specific sequences for the registration of respiratory motion information. The proposed review includes a comprehensive coverage of all these areas of development in field of PET respiratory motion for different multimodality imaging devices and approaches in terms of synchronization, estimation and subsequent motion correction. Finally, a section on perspectives including the potential clinical usage of these approaches is included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederic Lamare
- Nuclear Medicine Department, University Hospital Centre Bordeaux Hospital Group South, ., Bordeaux, Nouvelle-Aquitaine, 33604, FRANCE
| | - Alexandre Bousse
- LaTIM, INSERM UMR1101, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, ., Brest, Bretagne, 29285, FRANCE
| | - Kris Thielemans
- University College London Institute of Nuclear Medicine, UCL Hospital, Tower 5, 235 Euston Road, London, NW1 2BU, UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN IRELAND
| | - Chi Liu
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, PO Box 208048, 801 Howard Avenue, New Haven, Connecticut, 06520-8042, UNITED STATES
| | - Thibaut Merlin
- LaTIM, INSERM UMR1101, Universite de Bretagne Occidentale, ., Brest, Bretagne, 29285, FRANCE
| | - Hadi Fayad
- Weill Cornell Medicine - Qatar, ., Doha, ., QATAR
| | - Dimitris Visvikis
- LaTIM, UMR1101, Universite de Bretagne Occidentale, INSERM, Brest, Bretagne, 29285, FRANCE
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14
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Shi L, Lu Y, Dvornek N, Weyman CA, Miller EJ, Sinusas AJ, Liu C. Automatic Inter-Frame Patient Motion Correction for Dynamic Cardiac PET Using Deep Learning. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MEDICAL IMAGING 2021; 40:3293-3304. [PMID: 34018932 PMCID: PMC8670362 DOI: 10.1109/tmi.2021.3082578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Patient motion during dynamic PET imaging can induce errors in myocardial blood flow (MBF) estimation. Motion correction for dynamic cardiac PET is challenging because the rapid tracer kinetics of 82Rb leads to substantial tracer distribution change across different dynamic frames over time, which can cause difficulties for image registration-based motion correction, particularly for early dynamic frames. In this paper, we developed an automatic deep learning-based motion correction (DeepMC) method for dynamic cardiac PET. In this study we focused on the detection and correction of inter-frame rigid translational motion caused by voluntary body movement and pattern change of respiratory motion. A bidirectional-3D LSTM network was developed to fully utilize both local and nonlocal temporal information in the 4D dynamic image data for motion detection. The network was trained and evaluated over motion-free patient scans with simulated motion so that the motion ground-truths are available, where one million samples based on 65 patient scans were used in training, and 600 samples based on 20 patient scans were used in evaluation. The proposed method was also evaluated using additional 10 patient datasets with real motion. We demonstrated that the proposed DeepMC obtained superior performance compared to conventional registration-based methods and other convolutional neural networks (CNN), in terms of motion estimation and MBF quantification accuracy. Once trained, DeepMC is much faster than the registration-based methods and can be easily integrated into the clinical workflow. In the future work, additional investigation is needed to evaluate this approach in a clinical context with realistic patient motion.
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15
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Andrews JPM, MacNaught G, Moss AJ, Doris MK, Pawade T, Adamson PD, van Beek EJR, Lucatelli C, Lassen ML, Robson PM, Fayad ZA, Kwiecinski J, Slomka PJ, Berman DS, Newby DE, Dweck MR. Cardiovascular 18F-fluoride positron emission tomography-magnetic resonance imaging: A comparison study. J Nucl Cardiol 2021; 28:1-12. [PMID: 31792913 PMCID: PMC8616877 DOI: 10.1007/s12350-019-01962-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND 18F-Fluoride uptake denotes calcification activity in aortic stenosis and atherosclerosis. While PET/MR has several advantages over PET/CT, attenuation correction of PET/MR data is challenging, limiting cardiovascular application. We compared PET/MR and PET/CT assessments of 18F-fluoride uptake in the aortic valve and coronary arteries. METHODS AND RESULTS 18 patients with aortic stenosis or recent myocardial infarction underwent 18F-fluoride PET/CT followed immediately by PET/MR. Valve and coronary 18F-fluoride uptake were evaluated independently. Both standard (Dixon) and novel radial GRE) MR attenuation correction (AC) maps were validated against PET/CT with results expressed as tissue-to-background ratios (TBRs). Visually, aortic valve 18F-fluoride uptake was similar on PET/CT and PET/MR. TBRMAX values were comparable with radial GRE AC (PET/CT 1.55±0.33 vs. PET/MR 1.58 ± 0.34, P = 0.66; 95% limits of agreement - 27% to + 25%) but performed less well with Dixon AC (1.38 ± 0.44, P = 0.06; bias (-)14%; 95% limits of agreement - 25% to + 53%). In native coronaries, 18F-fluoride uptake was similar on PET/MR to PET/CT regardless of AC approach. PET/MR identified 28/29 plaques identified on PET/CT; however, stents caused artifact on PET/MR making assessment of 18F-fluoride uptake challenging. CONCLUSION Cardiovascular PET/MR demonstrates good visual and quantitative agreement with PET/CT. However, PET/MR is hampered by stent-related artifacts currently limiting clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack P M Andrews
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Room SU.305, Chancellor's building, 51 Little France Crescent, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK.
| | - Gillian MacNaught
- Edinburgh Imaging, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Alastair J Moss
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Room SU.305, Chancellor's building, 51 Little France Crescent, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Mhairi K Doris
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Room SU.305, Chancellor's building, 51 Little France Crescent, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Tania Pawade
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Room SU.305, Chancellor's building, 51 Little France Crescent, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Philip D Adamson
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Room SU.305, Chancellor's building, 51 Little France Crescent, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK
- Christchurch Heart Institute, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Edwin J R van Beek
- Edinburgh Imaging, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Christophe Lucatelli
- Edinburgh Imaging, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | | | - Zahi A Fayad
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, PA, USA
| | - Jacek Kwiecinski
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Room SU.305, Chancellor's building, 51 Little France Crescent, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK
| | | | | | - David E Newby
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Room SU.305, Chancellor's building, 51 Little France Crescent, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Marc R Dweck
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Room SU.305, Chancellor's building, 51 Little France Crescent, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK
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16
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Polycarpou I, Soultanidis G, Tsoumpas C. Synergistic motion compensation strategies for positron emission tomography when acquired simultaneously with magnetic resonance imaging. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2021; 379:20200207. [PMID: 34218675 PMCID: PMC8255946 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2020.0207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Subject motion in positron emission tomography (PET) is a key factor that degrades image resolution and quality, limiting its potential capabilities. Correcting for it is complicated due to the lack of sufficient measured PET data from each position. This poses a significant barrier in calculating the amount of motion occurring during a scan. Motion correction can be implemented at different stages of data processing either during or after image reconstruction, and once applied accurately can substantially improve image quality and information accuracy. With the development of integrated PET-MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) scanners, internal organ motion can be measured concurrently with both PET and MRI. In this review paper, we explore the synergistic use of PET and MRI data to correct for any motion that affects the PET images. Different types of motion that can occur during PET-MRI acquisitions are presented and the associated motion detection, estimation and correction methods are reviewed. Finally, some highlights from recent literature in selected human and animal imaging applications are presented and the importance of motion correction for accurate kinetic modelling in dynamic PET-MRI is emphasized. This article is part of the theme issue 'Synergistic tomographic image reconstruction: part 2'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Polycarpou
- Department of Health Sciences, European University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Georgios Soultanidis
- Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Charalampos Tsoumpas
- Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Biomedical Imaging Science Department, University of Leeds, West Yorkshire, UK
- Invicro, London, UK
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17
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Mayer J, Jin Y, Wurster TH, Makowski MR, Kolbitsch C. Evaluation of synergistic image registration for motion-corrected coronary NaF-PET-MR. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2021; 379:20200202. [PMID: 33966463 PMCID: PMC8107649 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2020.0202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is caused by the formation of plaques in the coronary arteries and is one of the most common cardiovascular diseases. NaF-PET can be used to assess plaque composition, which could be important for therapy planning. One of the main challenges of NaF-PET is cardiac and respiratory motion which can strongly impair diagnostic accuracy. In this study, we investigated the use of a synergistic image registration approach which combined motion-resolved MR and PET data to estimate cardiac and respiratory motion. This motion estimation could then be used to improve the NaF-PET image quality. The approach was evaluated with numerical simulations and in vivo scans of patients suffering from CAD. In numerical simulations, it was shown, that combining MR and PET information can improve the accuracy of motion estimation by more than 15%. For the in vivo scans, the synergistic image registration led to an improvement in uptake visualization. This is the first study to assess the benefit of combining MR and NaF-PET for cardiac and respiratory motion estimation. Further patient evaluation is required to fully evaluate the potential of this approach. This article is part of the theme issue 'Synergistic tomographic image reconstruction: part 1'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Mayer
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Braunschweig and Berlin, Germany
| | - Yining Jin
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Braunschweig and Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas-Heinrich Wurster
- Klinik für Kardiologie, Charité Campus Benjamin Franklin, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marcus R. Makowski
- Department of Radiology, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christoph Kolbitsch
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Braunschweig and Berlin, Germany
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18
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Kyme AZ, Fulton RR. Motion estimation and correction in SPECT, PET and CT. Phys Med Biol 2021; 66. [PMID: 34102630 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/ac093b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Patient motion impacts single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), positron emission tomography (PET) and X-ray computed tomography (CT) by giving rise to projection data inconsistencies that can manifest as reconstruction artifacts, thereby degrading image quality and compromising accurate image interpretation and quantification. Methods to estimate and correct for patient motion in SPECT, PET and CT have attracted considerable research effort over several decades. The aims of this effort have been two-fold: to estimate relevant motion fields characterizing the various forms of voluntary and involuntary motion; and to apply these motion fields within a modified reconstruction framework to obtain motion-corrected images. The aims of this review are to outline the motion problem in medical imaging and to critically review published methods for estimating and correcting for the relevant motion fields in clinical and preclinical SPECT, PET and CT. Despite many similarities in how motion is handled between these modalities, utility and applications vary based on differences in temporal and spatial resolution. Technical feasibility has been demonstrated in each modality for both rigid and non-rigid motion, but clinical feasibility remains an important target. There is considerable scope for further developments in motion estimation and correction, and particularly in data-driven methods that will aid clinical utility. State-of-the-art machine learning methods may have a unique role to play in this context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andre Z Kyme
- School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, AUSTRALIA
| | - Roger R Fulton
- Sydney School of Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, AUSTRALIA
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19
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Mayer J, Wurster TH, Schaeffter T, Landmesser U, Morguet A, Bigalke B, Hamm B, Brenner W, Makowski MR, Kolbitsch C. Imaging coronary plaques using 3D motion-compensated [ 18F]NaF PET/MR. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2021; 48:2455-2465. [PMID: 33474584 PMCID: PMC8241750 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-020-05180-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Background Cardiac PET has recently found novel applications in coronary atherosclerosis imaging using [18F]NaF as a radiotracer, highlighting vulnerable plaques. However, the resulting uptakes are relatively small, and cardiac motion and respiration-induced movement of the heart can impair the reconstructed images due to motion blurring and attenuation correction mismatches. This study aimed to apply an MR-based motion compensation framework to [18F]NaF data yielding high-resolution motion-compensated PET and MR images. Methods Free-breathing 3-dimensional Dixon MR data were acquired, retrospectively binned into multiple respiratory and cardiac motion states, and split into fat and water fraction using a model-based reconstruction framework. From the dynamic MR reconstructions, both a non-rigid cardiorespiratory motion model and a motion-resolved attenuation map were generated and applied to the PET data to improve image quality. The approach was tested in 10 patients and focal tracer hotspots were evaluated concerning their target-to-background ratio, contrast-to-background ratio, and their diameter. Results MR-based motion models were successfully applied to compensate for physiological motion in both PET and MR. Target-to-background ratios of identified plaques improved by 7 ± 7%, contrast-to-background ratios by 26 ± 38%, and the plaque diameter decreased by −22 ± 18%. MR-based dynamic attenuation correction strongly reduced attenuation correction artefacts and was not affected by stent-related signal voids in the underlying MR reconstructions. Conclusions The MR-based motion correction framework presented here can improve the target-to-background, contrast-to-background, and width of focal tracer hotspots in the coronary system. The dynamic attenuation correction could effectively mitigate the risk of attenuation correction artefacts in the coronaries at the lung-soft tissue boundary. In combination, this could enable a more reproducible and reliable plaque localisation. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00259-020-05180-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Mayer
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Braunschweig, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Thomas-Heinrich Wurster
- Klinik für Kardiologie, Charité Campus Benjamin Franklin, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tobias Schaeffter
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Braunschweig, Berlin, Germany.,School of Biomedical Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.,Department of Medical Engineering, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulf Landmesser
- Klinik für Kardiologie, Charité Campus Benjamin Franklin, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Morguet
- Klinik für Kardiologie, Charité Campus Benjamin Franklin, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Boris Bigalke
- Klinik für Kardiologie, Charité Campus Benjamin Franklin, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bernd Hamm
- Department of Radiology, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Winfried Brenner
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marcus R Makowski
- Department of Medical Engineering, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Radiology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Christoph Kolbitsch
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Braunschweig, Berlin, Germany.,School of Biomedical Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
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20
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Perkins T, Lee D, Simpson J, Greer P, Goodwin J. Experimental evaluation of four-dimensional Magnetic Resonance Imaging for radiotherapy planning of lung cancer. PHYSICS & IMAGING IN RADIATION ONCOLOGY 2021; 17:32-35. [PMID: 33898775 PMCID: PMC8058028 DOI: 10.1016/j.phro.2020.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Radiotherapy planning for lung cancer typically requires both 3D and 4D Computed Tomography (CT) to account for respiratory related movement. 4D Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) with self-navigation offers a potential alternative with greater reliability in patients with irregular breathing patterns and improved soft tissue contrast. In this study 4D-CT and a 4D-MRI Radial Volumetric Interpolated Breath-hold Examination (VIBE) sequence was evaluated with a 4D phantom and 13 patient respiratory patterns, simulating tumour motion. Quantification of motion related tumour displacement in 4D-MRI and 4D-CT found no statistically significant difference in mean motion range. The results demonstrated the potential viability of 4D-MRI for lung cancer treatment planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terry Perkins
- Blacktown Cancer & Haematology Centre, Blacktown Hospital, NSW, Australia.,School of Physics, University of Sydney, Australia
| | - Danny Lee
- School of Mathematical and Physical Science, University of Newcastle, Australia
| | - John Simpson
- Radiation Oncology, Calvary Mater Newcastle, Australia.,School of Mathematical and Physical Science, University of Newcastle, Australia
| | - Peter Greer
- Radiation Oncology, Calvary Mater Newcastle, Australia.,School of Mathematical and Physical Science, University of Newcastle, Australia
| | - Jonathan Goodwin
- Radiation Oncology, Calvary Mater Newcastle, Australia.,School of Mathematical and Physical Science, University of Newcastle, Australia
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21
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Marin T, Djebra Y, Han PK, Chemli Y, Bloch I, El Fakhri G, Ouyang J, Petibon Y, Ma C. Motion correction for PET data using subspace-based real-time MR imaging in simultaneous PET/MR. Phys Med Biol 2020; 65:235022. [PMID: 33263317 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/abb31d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Image quality of positron emission tomography (PET) reconstructions is degraded by subject motion occurring during the acquisition. Magnetic resonance (MR)-based motion correction approaches have been studied for PET/MR scanners and have been successful at capturing regular motion patterns, when used in conjunction with surrogate signals (e.g. navigators) to detect motion. However, handling irregular respiratory motion and bulk motion remains challenging. In this work, we propose an MR-based motion correction method relying on subspace-based real-time MR imaging to estimate motion fields used to correct PET reconstructions. We take advantage of the low-rank characteristics of dynamic MR images to reconstruct high-resolution MR images at high frame rates from highly undersampled k-space data. Reconstructed dynamic MR images are used to determine motion phases for PET reconstruction and estimate phase-to-phase nonrigid motion fields able to capture complex motion patterns such as irregular respiratory and bulk motion. MR-derived binning and motion fields are used for PET reconstruction to generate motion-corrected PET images. The proposed method was evaluated on in vivo data with irregular motion patterns. MR reconstructions accurately captured motion, outperforming state-of-the-art dynamic MR reconstruction techniques. Evaluation of PET reconstructions demonstrated the benefits of the proposed method in terms of motion artifacts reduction, improving the contrast-to-noise ratio by up to a factor 3 and achieveing a target-to-background ratio up to 90% superior compared to standard/uncorrected methods. The proposed method can improve the image quality of motion-corrected PET reconstructions in clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thibault Marin
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston MA, 02114, United States of America. Harvard Medical School, Boston MA, 02115, United States of America. Equal contribution
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22
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Wilk B, Wisenberg G, Dharmakumar R, Thiessen JD, Goldhawk DE, Prato FS. Hybrid PET/MR imaging in myocardial inflammation post-myocardial infarction. J Nucl Cardiol 2020; 27:2083-2099. [PMID: 31797321 PMCID: PMC7391987 DOI: 10.1007/s12350-019-01973-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Hybrid PET/MR imaging is an emerging imaging modality combining positron emission tomography (PET) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the same system. Since the introduction of clinical PET/MRI in 2011, it has had some impact (e.g., imaging the components of inflammation in myocardial infarction), but its role could be much greater. Many opportunities remain unexplored and will be highlighted in this review. The inflammatory process post-myocardial infarction has many facets at a cellular level which may affect the outcome of the patient, specifically the effects on adverse left ventricular remodeling, and ultimately prognosis. The goal of inflammation imaging is to track the process non-invasively and quantitatively to determine the best therapeutic options for intervention and to monitor those therapies. While PET and MRI, acquired separately, can image aspects of inflammation, hybrid PET/MRI has the potential to advance imaging of myocardial inflammation. This review contains a description of hybrid PET/MRI, its application to inflammation imaging in myocardial infarction and the challenges, constraints, and opportunities in designing data collection protocols. Finally, this review explores opportunities in PET/MRI: improved registration, partial volume correction, machine learning, new approaches in the development of PET and MRI pulse sequences, and the use of novel injection strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Wilk
- Department of Medical Imaging, Western University, London, Canada.
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Canada.
- Collaborative Graduate Program in Molecular Imaging, Western University, London, Canada.
| | - G Wisenberg
- Department of Medical Imaging, Western University, London, Canada
- MyHealth Centre, Arva, Canada
| | - R Dharmakumar
- Biomedical Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - J D Thiessen
- Department of Medical Imaging, Western University, London, Canada
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Canada
- Collaborative Graduate Program in Molecular Imaging, Western University, London, Canada
| | - D E Goldhawk
- Department of Medical Imaging, Western University, London, Canada
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Canada
- Collaborative Graduate Program in Molecular Imaging, Western University, London, Canada
| | - F S Prato
- Department of Medical Imaging, Western University, London, Canada
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Canada
- Collaborative Graduate Program in Molecular Imaging, Western University, London, Canada
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23
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Abstract
Cardiac PET/MR imaging is an integrated imaging approach that requires less radiation than PET/computed tomography and combines the high spatial resolution and morphologic data from MR imaging with the physiologic information from PET. This hybrid approach has the potential to improve the diagnostic and prognostic evaluation of several cardiovascular conditions, such as ischemic heart disease, infiltrative diseases such as sarcoidosis, acute and chronic myocarditis, and cardiac masses. Herein, the authors discuss the strengths of PET and MR imaging in several cardiovascular conditions; the challenges and potential; and the current data on the application of this powerful hybrid imaging modality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhanderson Cardoso
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins Hospital, 600 North Wolfe Street, Blalock 547, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Thorsten M Leucker
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins Hospital, 600 North Wolfe Street, Blalock 547, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
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24
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Aizaz M, Moonen RPM, van der Pol JAJ, Prieto C, Botnar RM, Kooi ME. PET/MRI of atherosclerosis. Cardiovasc Diagn Ther 2020; 10:1120-1139. [PMID: 32968664 DOI: 10.21037/cdt.2020.02.09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Myocardial infarction and stroke are the most prevalent global causes of death. Each year 15 million people worldwide die due to myocardial infarction or stroke. Rupture of a vulnerable atherosclerotic plaque is the main underlying cause of stroke and myocardial infarction. Key features of a vulnerable plaque are inflammation, a large lipid-rich necrotic core (LRNC) with a thin or ruptured overlying fibrous cap, and intraplaque hemorrhage (IPH). Noninvasive imaging of these features could have a role in risk stratification of myocardial infarction and stroke and can potentially be utilized for treatment guidance and monitoring. The recent development of hybrid PET/MRI combining the superior soft tissue contrast of MRI with the opportunity to visualize specific plaque features using various radioactive tracers, paves the way for comprehensive plaque imaging. In this review, the use of hybrid PET/MRI for atherosclerotic plaque imaging in carotid and coronary arteries is discussed. The pros and cons of different hybrid PET/MRI systems are reviewed. The challenges in the development of PET/MRI and potential solutions are described. An overview of PET and MRI acquisition techniques for imaging of atherosclerosis including motion correction is provided, followed by a summary of vessel wall imaging PET/MRI studies in patients with carotid and coronary artery disease. Finally, the future of imaging of atherosclerosis with PET/MRI is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mueez Aizaz
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Rik P M Moonen
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jochem A J van der Pol
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Claudia Prieto
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.,Escuela de Ingenieria, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - René M Botnar
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.,Escuela de Ingenieria, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - M Eline Kooi
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Mayer J, Brown R, Thielemans K, Ovtchinnikov E, Pasca E, Atkinson D, Gillman A, Marsden P, Ippoliti M, Makowski M, Schaeffter T, Kolbitsch C. Flexible numerical simulation framework for dynamic PET-MR data. Phys Med Biol 2020; 65:145003. [PMID: 32692725 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/ab7eee] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents a simulation framework for dynamic PET-MR. The main focus of this framework is to provide motion-resolved MR and PET data and ground truth motion information. This can be used in the optimisation and quantitative evaluation of image registration and in assessing the error propagation due to inaccuracies in motion estimation in complex motion-compensated reconstruction algorithms. Contrast and tracer kinetics can also be simulated and are available as ground truth information. To closely emulate medical examination, input and output of the simulation are files in standardised open-source raw data formats. This enables the use of existing raw data as a template input and ensures seamless integration of the output into existing reconstruction pipelines. The proposed framework was validated in PET-MR and image registration applications. It was used to simulate a FDG-PET-MR scan with cardiac and respiratory motion. Ground truth motion information could be utilised to optimise parameters for PET and synergistic PET-MR image registration. In addition, a free-breathing dynamic contrast enhancement (DCE) abdominal scan of a patient with hepatic lesions was simulated. In order to correct for breathing motion, a motion-corrected image reconstruction scheme was used and a Toft's model was fit to the DCE data to obtain quantitative DCE-MRI parameters. Utilising the ground truth motion information, the dependency of quantitative DCE-MR images on the accuracy of the motion estimation was evaluated. We demonstrated that respiratory motion had to be available with an average accuracy of at least the spatial resolution of the DCE-MR images in order to ensure an improvement in lesions visualisation and quantification compared to no motion correction. The proposed framework provides a valuable tool with a wide range of scientific PET and MR applications and will be available as part of the open-source project Synergistic Image Reconstruction Framework (SIRF).
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Mayer
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Braunschweig and Berlin, Germany. Author to whom any correspondence should be addressed
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Myocardial creep-induced misalignment artifacts in PET/MR myocardial perfusion imaging. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2020; 48:406-413. [PMID: 32681446 PMCID: PMC7835156 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-020-04956-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Misalignment between positron emission tomography (PET) datasets and attenuation correction (AC) maps is a potential source of artifacts in myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI). We assessed the impact of adenosine on the alignment of AC maps derived from magnetic resonance (MR) and PET datasets during MPI on a hybrid PET/MR scanner. Methods Twenty-eight volunteers underwent adenosine stress and rest 13N-ammonia MPI on a PET/MR. We acquired Dixon sequences for the creation of MRAC maps. After reconstruction of the original non-shifted PET images, we examined MRAC and PET datasets for cardiac spatial misalignment and, if necessary, reconstructed a second set of shifted PET images after manually adjusting co-registration. Summed rest, stress, and difference scores (SRS, SSS, and SDS) were compared between shifted and non-shifted PET images. Additionally, we measured the amount of cranial movement of the heart (i.e., myocardial creep) after termination of adenosine infusion. Results Realignment was necessary for 25 (89.3%) stress and 12 (42.9%) rest PET datasets. Median SRS, SSS, and SDS of the non-shifted images were 6 (IQR = 4–7), 12 (IQR = 7–18), and 8 (IQR = 2–11), respectively, and of the shifted images 2 (IQR = 1–6), 4 (IQR = 7–18), and 1 (IQR = 0–2), respectively. All three scores were significantly higher in non-shifted versus shifted images (all p < 0.05). The difference in SDS correlated moderately but significantly with the amount of myocardial creep (r = 0.541, p = 0.005). Conclusion Misalignment of MRAC and PET datasets commonly occurs during adenosine stress MPI on a hybrid PET/MR device, potentially leading to an increase in false-positive findings. Our results suggest that myocardial creep may substantially account for this and prompt for a careful review and correction of PET/MRAC data.
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Gratz M, Ruhlmann V, Umutlu L, Fenchel M, Hong I, Quick HH. Impact of respiratory motion correction on lesion visibility and quantification in thoracic PET/MR imaging. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0233209. [PMID: 32497135 PMCID: PMC7272064 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0233209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The impact of a method for MR-based respiratory motion correction of PET data on lesion visibility and quantification in patients with oncologic findings in the lung was evaluated. Twenty patients with one or more lesions in the lung were included. Hybrid imaging was performed on an integrated PET/MR system using 18F-FDG as radiotracer. The standard thoracic imaging protocol was extended by a free-breathing self-gated acquisition of MR data for motion modelling. PET data was acquired simultaneously in list-mode for 5-10 mins. One experienced radiologist and one experienced nuclear medicine specialist evaluated and compared the post-processed data in consensus regarding lesion visibility (scores 1-4, 4 being best), image noise levels (scores 1-3, 3 being lowest noise), SUVmean and SUVmax. Motion-corrected (MoCo) images were additionally compared with gated images. Non-motion-corrected free-breathing data served as standard of reference in this study. Motion correction generally improved lesion visibility (3.19 ± 0.63) and noise ratings (2.95 ± 0.22) compared to uncorrected (2.81 ± 0.66 and 2.95 ± 0.22, respectively) or gated PET data (2.47 ± 0.93 and 1.30 ± 0.47, respectively). Furthermore, SUVs (mean and max) were compared for all methods to estimate their respective impact on the quantification. Deviations of SUVmax were smallest between the uncorrected and the MoCo lesion data (average increase of 9.1% of MoCo SUVs), while SUVmean agreed best for gated and MoCo reconstructions (MoCo SUVs increased by 1.2%). The studied method for MR-based respiratory motion correction of PET data combines increased lesion sharpness and improved lesion activity quantification with high signal-to-noise ratio in a clinical setting. In particular, the detection of small lesions in moving organs such as the lung and liver may thus be facilitated. These advantages justify the extension of the PET/MR imaging protocol by 5-10 minutes for motion correction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Gratz
- Erwin L. Hahn Institute for Magnetic Resonance Imaging, University of Duisburg Essen, Essen, Germany
- High Field and Hybrid MR Imaging, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Verena Ruhlmann
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Lale Umutlu
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | | | - Inki Hong
- Siemens Medical Solutions Inc, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Harald H. Quick
- Erwin L. Hahn Institute for Magnetic Resonance Imaging, University of Duisburg Essen, Essen, Germany
- High Field and Hybrid MR Imaging, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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Calcagno C, Pérez-Medina C, Mulder WJM, Fayad ZA. Whole-Body Atherosclerosis Imaging by Positron Emission Tomography/Magnetic Resonance Imaging: From Mice to Nonhuman Primates. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2020; 40:1123-1134. [PMID: 32237905 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.119.313629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease due to atherosclerosis is still the main cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. This disease is a complex systemic disorder arising from a network of pathological processes within the arterial vessel wall, and, outside of the vasculature, in the hematopoietic system and organs involved in metabolism. Recent years have seen tremendous efforts in the development and validation of quantitative imaging technologies for the noninvasive evaluation of patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Specifically, the advent of combined positron emission tomography and magnetic resonance imaging scanners has opened new exciting opportunities in cardiovascular imaging. In this review, we will describe how combined positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance imaging scanners can be leveraged to evaluate atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease at the whole-body level, with specific focus on preclinical animal models of disease, from mouse to nonhuman primates. We will broadly describe 3 major areas of application: (1) vascular imaging, for advanced atherosclerotic plaque phenotyping and evaluation of novel imaging tracers or therapeutic interventions; (2) assessment of the ischemic heart and brain; and (3) whole-body imaging of the hematopoietic system. Finally, we will provide insights on potential novel technical developments which may further increase the relevance of integrated positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance imaging in preclinical atherosclerosis studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Calcagno
- From the BioMedical Engineering and Imaging Institute (C.C., C.P.-M., W.J.M.M., Z.A.F.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY.,Department of Radiology (C.C., C.P.-M., W.J.M.M., Z.A.F.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY
| | - Carlos Pérez-Medina
- From the BioMedical Engineering and Imaging Institute (C.C., C.P.-M., W.J.M.M., Z.A.F.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY.,Department of Radiology (C.C., C.P.-M., W.J.M.M., Z.A.F.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY.,Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain (C.P.-M.)
| | - Willem J M Mulder
- From the BioMedical Engineering and Imaging Institute (C.C., C.P.-M., W.J.M.M., Z.A.F.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY.,Department of Radiology (C.C., C.P.-M., W.J.M.M., Z.A.F.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY.,Department of Oncological Sciences (W.J.M.M.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY.,Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, the Netherlands (W.J.M.M.)
| | - Zahi A Fayad
- From the BioMedical Engineering and Imaging Institute (C.C., C.P.-M., W.J.M.M., Z.A.F.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY.,Department of Radiology (C.C., C.P.-M., W.J.M.M., Z.A.F.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY
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Sun T, Petibon Y, Han PK, Ma C, Kim SJW, Alpert NM, El Fakhri G, Ouyang J. Body motion detection and correction in cardiac PET: Phantom and human studies. Med Phys 2019; 46:4898-4906. [PMID: 31508827 DOI: 10.1002/mp.13815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Patient body motion during a cardiac positron emission tomography (PET) scan can severely degrade image quality. We propose and evaluate a novel method to detect, estimate, and correct body motion in cardiac PET. METHODS Our method consists of three key components: motion detection, motion estimation, and motion-compensated image reconstruction. For motion detection, we first divide PET list-mode data into 1-s bins and compute the center of mass (COM) of the coincidences' distribution in each bin. We then compute the covariance matrix within a 25-s sliding window over the COM signals inside the window. The sum of the eigenvalues of the covariance matrix is used to separate the list-mode data into "static" (i.e., body motion free) and "moving" (i.e. contaminated by body motion) frames. Each moving frame is further divided into a number of evenly spaced sub-frames (referred to as "sub-moving" frames), in which motion is assumed to be negligible. For motion estimation, we first reconstruct the data in each static and sub-moving frame using a rapid back-projection technique. We then select the longest static frame as the reference frame and estimate elastic motion transformations to the reference frame from all other static and sub-moving frames using nonrigid registration. For motion-compensated image reconstruction, we reconstruct all the list-mode data into a single image volume in the reference frame by incorporating the estimated motion transformations in the PET system matrix. We evaluated the performance of our approach in both phantom and human studies. RESULTS Visually, the motion-corrected (MC) PET images obtained using the proposed method have better quality and fewer motion artifacts than the images reconstructed without motion correction (NMC). Quantitative analysis indicates that MC yields higher myocardium to blood pool concentration ratios. MC also yields sharper myocardium than NMC. CONCLUSIONS The proposed body motion correction method improves image quality of cardiac PET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Sun
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.,Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Yoann Petibon
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.,Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Paul K Han
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.,Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Chao Ma
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.,Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Sally J W Kim
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.,Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Nathaniel M Alpert
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.,Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Georges El Fakhri
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.,Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Jinsong Ouyang
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.,Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
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Petibon Y, Sun T, Han PK, Ma C, Fakhri GE, Ouyang J. MR-based cardiac and respiratory motion correction of PET: application to static and dynamic cardiac 18F-FDG imaging. Phys Med Biol 2019; 64:195009. [PMID: 31394518 PMCID: PMC7007962 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/ab39c2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Motion of the myocardium deteriorates the quality and quantitative accuracy of cardiac PET images. We present a method for MR-based cardiac and respiratory motion correction of cardiac PET data and evaluate its impact on estimation of activity and kinetic parameters in human subjects. Three healthy subjects underwent simultaneous dynamic 18F-FDG PET and MRI on a hybrid PET/MR scanner. A cardiorespiratory motion field was determined for each subject using navigator, tagging and golden-angle radial MR acquisitions. Acquired coincidence events were binned into cardiac and respiratory phases using electrocardiogram and list mode-driven signals, respectively. Dynamic PET images were reconstructed with MR-based motion correction (MC) and without motion correction (NMC). Parametric images of 18F-FDG consumption rates (Ki) were estimated using Patlak's method for both MC and NMC images. MC alleviated motion artifacts in PET images, resulting in improved spatial resolution, improved recovery of activity in the myocardium wall and reduced spillover from the myocardium to the left ventricle cavity. Significantly higher myocardium contrast-to-noise ratio and lower apparent wall thickness were obtained in MC versus NMC images. Likewise, parametric images of Ki calculated with MC data had improved spatial resolution as compared to those obtained with NMC. Consistent with an increase in reconstructed activity concentration in the frames used during kinetic analyses, MC led to the estimation of higher Ki values almost everywhere in the myocardium, with up to 18% increase (mean across subjects) in the septum as compared to NMC. This study shows that MR-based motion correction of cardiac PET results in improved image quality that can benefit both static and dynamic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - P K Han
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston MA
| | - C Ma
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston MA
| | - G El Fakhri
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston MA
| | - J Ouyang
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston MA
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Hope TA, Fayad ZA, Fowler KJ, Holley D, Iagaru A, McMillan AB, Veit-Haiback P, Witte RJ, Zaharchuk G, Catana C. Summary of the First ISMRM-SNMMI Workshop on PET/MRI: Applications and Limitations. J Nucl Med 2019; 60:1340-1346. [PMID: 31123099 PMCID: PMC6785790 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.119.227231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the introduction of simultaneous PET/MRI in 2011, there have been significant advancements. In this review, we highlight several technical advancements that have been made primarily in attenuation and motion correction and discuss the status of multiple clinical applications using PET/MRI. This review is based on the experience at the first PET/MRI conference cosponsored by the International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine and the Society of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A Hope
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
- Department of Radiology, San Francisco VA Medical Center, San Francisco, California
- UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Zahi A Fayad
- Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Kathryn J Fowler
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California
| | - Dawn Holley
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, California
| | - Andrei Iagaru
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, California
| | - Alan B McMillan
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Patrick Veit-Haiback
- Joint Department of Medical Imaging, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Robert J Witte
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; and
| | - Greg Zaharchuk
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, California
| | - Ciprian Catana
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts
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