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Peterson C, Parker J, Valenton E, Yifat Y, Chen S, Rice SA, Scherer NF. Electrodynamic Interference and Induced Polarization in Nanoparticle-Based Optical Matter Arrays. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2024; 128:7560-7571. [PMID: 38745776 PMCID: PMC11089571 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.3c08459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Optical matter (OM) arrays are self-organizing, ordered arrangements of nanometer- to micrometer-size particles, where interparticle forces are mediated by incident and scattered coherent light. The structures that form and their dynamics depend on the properties (e.g., material, size) of the constituent particles, as well as the incident and scattered light. While significant progress has been made toward understanding how the OM arrays are affected by the phase, polarization, and intensity profile of the incident light, the polarization induced in the particles and the light scattered by OM arrays have received less attention. In this paper, we establish the roles of electrodynamic interference, many-body coupling, and induced-polarization concomitant with the coherent light scattered by OM arrays. Experiments and simulations together demonstrate that the spatial profile and directionality of coherent light scattered by OM arrays in the far field are primarily influenced by interference, while electrodynamic coupling (interactions) and the associated polarization induced in the nanoparticle constituents have a quantitative wavelength-dependent effect on the total amount of light scattered by the arrays. Furthermore, the electrodynamic coupling in silver nanoparticle OM arrays is significantly enhanced by constructive interference and increases superextensively with the number of particles in the array. Particle size, and hence polarizability, also has a significant effect on the strength of the coupling. Finally, we simulate larger hexagonal OM arrays of Ag nanoparticles to demonstrate that the electrodynamic coupling and scattering enhancement observed in small OM arrays develop into surface lattice resonances observed in the infinite array limit. Our work provides insights for designing OM arrays to tune many-body forces and the coherent light that they scatter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Curtis Peterson
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
- James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - John Parker
- James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
- Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Emmanuel Valenton
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
- James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Yuval Yifat
- James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Shiqi Chen
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
- James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Stuart A Rice
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
- James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Norbert F Scherer
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
- James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
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2
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Lu J, Ginis V, Lim SWD, Capasso F. Helicity and Polarization Gradient Optical Trapping in Evanescent Fields. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:143803. [PMID: 37862648 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.143803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
Optical traps using nonconservative forces instead of conservative intensity-gradient forces expand the trap parameter space. Existing traps with nonconservative helicity-dependent forces are limited to chiral particles and fields with helicity gradients. We relax these constraints by proposing helicity and polarization gradient optical trapping of achiral particles in evanescent fields. We further propose an optical switching system in which a microsphere is trapped and optically manipulated around a microfiber using polarization gradients. Our Letter deepens the understanding of light-matter interactions in polarization gradient fields and expands the range of compatible particles and stable trapping fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinsheng Lu
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 9 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Vincent Ginis
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 9 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- Data Lab and Applied Physics, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussel, Belgium
| | - Soon Wei Daniel Lim
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 9 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Federico Capasso
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 9 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
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3
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Brzobohatý O, Duchaň M, Jákl P, Ježek J, Šiler M, Zemánek P, Simpson SH. Synchronization of spin-driven limit cycle oscillators optically levitated in vacuum. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5441. [PMID: 37673926 PMCID: PMC10482900 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41129-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
We explore, experimentally and theoretically, the emergence of coherent coupled oscillations and synchronization between a pair of non-Hermitian, stochastic, opto-mechanical oscillators, levitated in vacuum. Each oscillator consists of a polystyrene microsphere trapped in a circularly polarized, counter-propagating Gaussian laser beam. Non-conservative, azimuthal forces, deriving from inhomogeneous optical spin, push the micro-particles out of thermodynamic equilibrium. For modest optical powers each particle shows a tendency towards orbital circulation. Initially, their stochastic motion is weakly correlated. As the power is increased, the tendency towards orbital circulation strengthens and the motion of the particles becomes highly correlated. Eventually, centripetal forces overcome optical gradient forces and the oscillators undergo a collective Hopf bifurcation. For laser powers exceeding this threshold, a pair of limit cycles appear, which synchronize due to weak optical and hydrodynamic interactions. In principle, arrays of such Non-Hermitian elements can be arranged, paving the way for opto-mechanical topological materials or, possibly, classical time crystals. In addition, the preparation of synchronized states in levitated optomechanics could lead to new and robust sensors or alternative routes to the entanglement of macroscopic objects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oto Brzobohatý
- The Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Scientific Instruments, Královopolská 147, 612 64, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Martin Duchaň
- The Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Scientific Instruments, Královopolská 147, 612 64, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Jákl
- The Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Scientific Instruments, Královopolská 147, 612 64, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Ježek
- The Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Scientific Instruments, Královopolská 147, 612 64, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Šiler
- The Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Scientific Instruments, Královopolská 147, 612 64, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Zemánek
- The Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Scientific Instruments, Královopolská 147, 612 64, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Stephen H Simpson
- The Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Scientific Instruments, Královopolská 147, 612 64, Brno, Czech Republic.
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4
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Paul NK, Gomez-Diaz JS. Tunable optical traps over nonreciprocal surfaces. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:46344-46356. [PMID: 36558591 DOI: 10.1364/oe.476269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
We propose engineering optical traps over plasmonic surfaces and precisely controlling the trap position with an external bias by inducing in-plane nonreciprocity on the surface. The platform employs an incident Gaussian beam to polarize targeted nanoparticles, and exploits the interplay between nonreciprocal and spin-orbit lateral recoil forces to construct stable optical traps and manipulate their position within the surface. To model this process, we develop a theoretical framework based on the Lorentz force combined with nonreciprocal Green's functions and apply it to calculate the trapping potential. Rooted on this formalism, we explore the exciting possibilities offered by graphene to engineer stable optical traps using low-power laser beams in the mid-IR and to manipulate the trap position in a continuous manner by applying a longitudinal drift bias. Nonreciprocal metasurfaces may open new possibilities to trap, assemble and manipulate nanoparticles and overcome many challenges faced by conventional optical tweezers while dealing with nanoscale objects.
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5
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Krishnamurthy S, Ganapathy R, Sood AK. Synergistic action in colloidal heat engines coupled by non-conservative flows. SOFT MATTER 2022; 18:7621-7630. [PMID: 36165997 DOI: 10.1039/d2sm00917j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Colloidal heat engines are model systems to analyze mechanisms of transduction of heat to work at the mesoscale. While engines developed hitherto were realized using conservative potentials and operated in isolation, biological micromotors - their real counterparts - seldom perform under such simplifications. Here, we examine thermodynamics beyond such idealizations by constructing a pair of engines from two colloidal microspheres in optical traps at close separation. We demonstrate that at such proximity, non-conservative scattering forces that were hitherto neglected affect the particle motion. Hydrodynamics generated while dissipating these are hindered by the microsphere in the adjacent trap and energy that was otherwise rejected into the medium gets reused. Thus, despite being in contact with the same reservoir, the particles are driven out of equilibrium and can exchange energy, allowing cooperative behavior. Leveraging this in a manner analogous to microswimmers and active Brownian particles that utilize such flows to enhance propulsion, we construct two colloidal engines in close proximity. To estimate thermodynamic quantities, we develop a minimal model that is appropriate in the asymptotic limit and is similar to active Brownian particles. While complete theoretical frameworks to understand such scenarios remain to be developed, results based on our model demonstrate the intuitive idea that a pair of Stirling engines at close proximity outperform those that are well separated. Although these results explore the simplest case of two Stirling engines, the concepts unraveled could aid in designing larger collections akin to biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rajesh Ganapathy
- International Centre for Materials Science, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bangalore 560064, India
- Sheikh Saqr Laboratory, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bangalore 560064, India
| | - A K Sood
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India.
- International Centre for Materials Science, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bangalore 560064, India
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6
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Zhou LM, Shi Y, Zhu X, Hu G, Cao G, Hu J, Qiu CW. Recent Progress on Optical Micro/Nanomanipulations: Structured Forces, Structured Particles, and Synergetic Applications. ACS NANO 2022; 16:13264-13278. [PMID: 36053722 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c05634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Optical manipulation has achieved great success in the fields of biology, micro/nano robotics and physical sciences in the past few decades. To date, the optical manipulation is still witnessing substantial progress powered by the growing accessibility of the complex light field, advanced nanofabrication and developed understandings of light-matter interactions. In this perspective, we highlight recent advancements of optical micro/nanomanipulations in cutting-edge applications, which can be fostered by structured optical forces enabled with diverse auxiliary multiphysical field/forces and structured particles. We conclude with our vision of ongoing and futuristic directions, including heat-avoided and heat-utilized manipulation, nonlinearity-mediated trapping and manipulation, metasurface/two-dimensional material based optical manipulation, as well as interface-based optical manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei-Ming Zhou
- Department of Optical Engineering, School of Physics, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Yuzhi Shi
- Institute of Precision Optical Engineering, School of Physics Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro-Structured Materials, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhu
- Department of Optical Engineering, School of Physics, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Guangwei Hu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
| | - Guangtao Cao
- School of Physics and Electronic Sciences, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Jigang Hu
- Department of Optical Engineering, School of Physics, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Cheng-Wei Qiu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
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7
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Zhu SQ, Zhang Y. Electromagnetic forces in nanoparticles made of multilayer hyperbolic metamaterials. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 33:305202. [PMID: 35417892 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac66ed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We theoretically study the electromagnetic forces (optical gradient force, optical torque and vacuum friction) acting on a spherical anisotropic nanoparticle, which can be characterized by multilayer hyperbolic metamaterials (mHMMs). We find three important results about these forces: (i) Firstly, we theoretically demonstrate that the optical gradient force produced on a mHMMs nanoparticle can be flexibly tuned, from pushing the particle to pulling it, just via changing incident angle of illuminating plane light wave. (ii) Secondly, we find the optical torque acting on the mHMMs nanoparticle (its filling factor is around 0.3) can be tuned between positive and negative via changing the incident angle of circularly polarized plane light. Therefore, the rotating mHMMs nanoparticle with designed filling factor can be accelerated or decelerated by the optical torque. (iii) Finally, due to the large fluctuations of dipole polarizability of mHMMs nanoparticle with appropriate filling factor, we propose a new method to obtain the large enhancement of vacuum friction torque by designing the filling factor of the rotating mHMMs nanoparticle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Qing Zhu
- School of Materials Engineering, Jiangsu University of Technology, Changzhou 213001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Zhang
- School of Information and Electronic Engineering (Sussex Artificial Intelligence Institute), Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, People's Republic of China
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8
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Tobar ME, McAllister BT, Goryachev M. Poynting vector controversy in axion modified electrodynamics. Int J Clin Exp Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.105.045009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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9
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Zhang Y, Xiu Z, Fan X, Li R, Chen H, Zheng H, Lu W, Lin Z. Enhanced transverse optical gradient force on Rayleigh particles in two plane waves. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:2143-2155. [PMID: 35209361 DOI: 10.1364/oe.448458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Based on the full wave simulation and the Maxwell stress tensor theory, we demonstrate an enhanced transverse optical gradient force acting on Rayleigh particles immersed in a simple optical field formed by two linearly polarized plane waves. The optical gradient force acting on a conventional dielectric particle can be enhanced by two orders of magnitude via coating an extremely thin silver shell, whose thickness is only about one-tenth of the dielectric core. The analytical results based on the multipole expansion theory reveal that the enhanced optical gradient force comes mostly from the interaction between the incident field and the electric quadrupole excited in the core-shell particle. It is worth noting that the force expression within the dipole approximation commonly used for Rayleigh particles is invalid in our situation, even the particle is within the Rayleigh regime. In addition, both the optical potential energy and the optical trapping stiffness for the core-shell particle exhibit a great enhancement by two orders of magnitude stronger than a conventional dielectric particle and thus is favorable to a stable optical trapping. These results may extend the application range of optical tweezers and enrich optical manipulation techniques.
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10
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Fang L, Wang J. Optical Trapping Separation of Chiral Nanoparticles by Subwavelength Slot Waveguides. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:233902. [PMID: 34936799 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.233902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Enantiomer separation opens great opportunities to develop the technologies of pharmaceutics, chemicals, and biomedicine, but faces daunting challenges. Here, we discover a considerable chiral-dependent trapping force to separate nanometer-scale enantiomers in a new silicon-based waveguide platform. The electromagnetic chirality gradient of strongly confined evanescent fields can be largely enhanced by the counterpropagating slot waveguides so that the resulting chiral gradient forces can shift the trapping equilibrium positions of dielectric gradient forces. Especially, there exists a transitional width for the slot waveguides to exchange the trapping equilibrium positions between two opposite enantiomers. Our thoroughly numerical investigations demonstrate that the chiral-separable slot waveguides here can offer high efficiency and feasibility of separating chiral nanoparticles, and may pave a route toward new on-chip chiral optical tweezers or optofluidic transport systems for large-scale chiral separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Fang
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China
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11
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Non-Hermitian physics for optical manipulation uncovers inherent instability of large clusters. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6597. [PMID: 34782596 PMCID: PMC8593170 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26732-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Intense light traps and binds small particles, offering unique control to the microscopic world. With incoming illumination and radiative losses, optical forces are inherently nonconservative, thus non-Hermitian. Contrary to conventional systems, the operator governing time evolution is real and asymmetric (i.e., non-Hermitian), which inevitably yield complex eigenvalues when driven beyond the exceptional points, where light pumps in energy that eventually "melts" the light-bound structures. Surprisingly, unstable complex eigenvalues are prevalent for clusters with ~10 or more particles, and in the many-particle limit, their presence is inevitable. As such, optical forces alone fail to bind a large cluster. Our conclusion does not contradict with the observation of large optically-bound cluster in a fluid, where the ambient damping can take away the excess energy and restore the stability. The non-Hermitian theory overturns the understanding of optical trapping and binding, and unveils the critical role played by non-Hermiticity and exceptional points, paving the way for large-scale manipulation.
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12
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Abstract
Machines enabled the Industrial Revolution and are central to modern technological progress: A machine's parts transmit forces, motion, and energy to one another in a predetermined manner. Today's engineering frontier, building artificial micromachines that emulate the biological machinery of living organisms, requires faithful assembly and energy consumption at the microscale. Here, we demonstrate the programmable assembly of active particles into autonomous metamachines using optical templates. Metamachines, or machines made of machines, are stable, mobile and autonomous architectures, whose dynamics stems from the geometry. We use the interplay between anisotropic force generation of the active colloids with the control of their orientation by local geometry. This allows autonomous reprogramming of active particles of the metamachines to achieve multiple functions. It permits the modular assembly of metamachines by fusion, reconfiguration of metamachines and, we anticipate, a shift in focus of self-assembly towards active matter and reprogrammable materials.
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13
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Li X, Zheng H, Yuen CH, Du J, Chen J, Lin Z, Ng J. Quantitative study of conservative gradient force and non-conservative scattering force exerted on a spherical particle in optical tweezers. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:25377-25387. [PMID: 34614870 DOI: 10.1364/oe.434208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We rigorously calculate the conservative gradient force (GF) and the non-conservative scattering force (SF) associated with the optical tweezers (the single beam optical trap). A wide range of parameters are considered, with particle size ranging from the Rayleigh to Mie regime (radius ∼3 µm), dielectric constant ranging from metallic (large and negative) to high dielectrics (large and positive), numerical aperture (NA) ranging from 0.5 to 1.33, and different polarizations. The trap depth associated with GF can reach 123 and 168 kBT per mW for a 0.5 µm-radius polystyrene particle illuminated by a 1064 nm Gaussian beam with NA = 0.9 and 1.3, respectively. This indicates that unless at a low beam power or with a small NA, the Brownian fluctuations do not play a role in the stability. The transverse GF orthogonal to beam propagation always dominates over the transverse SF. While the longitudinal SF can be larger than the longitudinal GF when the scattering is strong, the NA is small, or when absorption is present, optical trapping under these conditions is difficult. Generally speaking, absorption reduces GF and enhances SF, while increasing a dielectric constant enhances GF slightly but boosts SF significantly owing to stronger scattering. These results verify previous experimental observations and explain why optical tweezers are so robust across such a wide range of conditions. Our quantitative calculations will also provide a guide to future studies.
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14
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Abstract
Optical manipulation of colloidal systems is of high interest for both fundamental studies and practical applications. It has been shown that optically induced thermophoresis and nonlinear interactions can significantly affect the properties of dense colloidal media. However, macroscopic scale phenomena can also be generated at thermal equilibrium. Here, we demonstrate that steady-state variations of particle density can be created over large, three-dimensional regions by appropriately structured external optical fields. We prove analytically and experimentally that an optical vortex beam can dynamically control the spatial density of microscopic particles along the direction of its propagation. We show that these artificial steady-states can be generated at will and can be maintained indefinitely, which can be beneficial for applications such as path clearing and mass transportation.
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15
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Chen S, Peterson CW, Parker JA, Rice SA, Ferguson AL, Scherer NF. Data-driven reaction coordinate discovery in overdamped and non-conservative systems: application to optical matter structural isomerization. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2548. [PMID: 33953159 PMCID: PMC8099877 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22794-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Optical matter (OM) systems consist of (nano-)particle constituents in solution that can self-organize into ordered arrays that are bound by electrodynamic interactions. They also manifest non-conservative forces, and the motions of the nano-particles are overdamped; i.e., they exhibit diffusive trajectories. We propose a data-driven approach based on principal components analysis (PCA) to determine the collective modes of non-conservative overdamped systems, such as OM structures, and harmonic linear discriminant analysis (HLDA) of time trajectories to estimate the reaction coordinate for structural transitions. We demonstrate the approach via electrodynamics-Langevin dynamics simulations of six electrodynamically-bound nanoparticles in an incident laser beam. The reaction coordinate we discover is in excellent accord with a rigorous committor analysis, and the identified mechanism for structural isomerization is in very good agreement with the experimental observations. The PCA-HLDA approach to data-driven discovery of reaction coordinates can aid in understanding and eventually controlling non-conservative and overdamped systems including optical and active matter systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqi Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- James Franck Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Curtis W Peterson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- James Franck Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - John A Parker
- James Franck Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Stuart A Rice
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- James Franck Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Andrew L Ferguson
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Norbert F Scherer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
- James Franck Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
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16
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Zheng H, Li X, Ng J, Chen H, Lin Z. Tailoring the gradient and scattering forces for longitudinal sorting of generic-size chiral particles. OPTICS LETTERS 2020; 45:4515-4518. [PMID: 32796997 DOI: 10.1364/ol.398216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Based on the concepts of conservative and non-conservative optical forces (COF and NCOF), we analyze the physical mechanism of longitudinal chirality sorting along the direction of light propagation in some simple optical fields. It is demonstrated, both numerically and analytically for particle of arbitrary size, that the sorting relies solely on the NCOF, which switches its direction when particle chirality is reversed. For particles larger than half of the optical wavelength λ, the NCOF far surpasses its counterpart COF, enabling the longitudinal chirality sorting. When the particle is much smaller than λ, however, the COF outweighs the NCOF, destroying the sorting mechanism. A scenario is thus proposed that totally eliminates the COF while leaving the sorting NCOF unchanged, extending the applicability of longitudinal chirality sorting to small particles.
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17
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Chen H, Zheng H, Lu W, Liu S, Ng J, Lin Z. Lateral Optical Force due to the Breaking of Electric-Magnetic Symmetry. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:073901. [PMID: 32857552 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.073901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Lateral optical forces in a direction perpendicular to light propagation have attracted increasing interest in recent years. Up to now, all lateral forces can be attributed to the symmetry breaking in the lateral directions caused by either the morphology of the scatterer geometry or the optical fields impinging on the scatterer. Here we demonstrate, both numerically and analytically, that when an isotropic scatterer breaks the electric-magnetic symmetry, a new type of anomalous lateral force can be induced along the direction of translational invariance where the illumination striking the scatterer has no propagation, field gradient, or spin density vortex (Belinfante's spin momentum). Our analytical results are rigorous for an arbitrary size scatterer, ensuring the universality of our conclusion. Furthermore, the electric-magnetic symmetry-breaking-induced lateral force is comparable in magnitude to other components of the optical force and reversible in direction for different polarizations of the illuminating light, rendering it capable of practical optical manipulation as well as enriching the understanding of light-matter interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huajin Chen
- School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou, Guangxi 545006, China
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Hongxia Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Wanli Lu
- School of Physics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221116, China
| | - Shiyang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Institute of Information Optics and Key Laboratory of Optical Information Detecting and Display Technology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321004, China
| | - Jack Ng
- Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Zhifang Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
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18
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Nan F, Yan Z. Optical Sorting at the Single-Particle Level with Single-Nanometer Precision Using Coordinated Intensity and Phase Gradient Forces. ACS NANO 2020; 14:7602-7609. [PMID: 32428394 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c03478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Position-controlled sorting of colloidal nanoparticles (NPs) at the single-particle level is a challenge in nanoscience. Optofluidic potential wells can partially address this challenge, but they have limited flexibility, reconfigurability, and precision. Here we introduce a strategy by feedback-controlled manipulation of NPs using reconfigurable optical traps with designed intensity and phase gradient. Spatiotemporal patterns of these optical traps coordinatively manipulate the NPs based on machine vision of their positions and differentiated scattering intensities. The NPs are always kept inside the optical field during the manipulation and stably trapped once the sorting is accomplished. To substantiate the key advantages of our approach, we present position-controlled optical sorting of single Ag and Au NPs of the same size (150 nm diameter) and ordering of monodisperse Au NPs (80 ± 9 nm diameter) according to their sub-10 nm radius variation, which can hardly be done via other approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Nan
- Department of Applied Physical Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Zijie Yan
- Department of Applied Physical Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
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19
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Arita Y, Simpson SH, Zemánek P, Dholakia K. Coherent oscillations of a levitated birefringent microsphere in vacuum driven by nonconservative rotation-translation coupling. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaaz9858. [PMID: 32537499 PMCID: PMC7269642 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aaz9858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate an effect whereby stochastic, thermal fluctuations combine with nonconservative optical forces to break detailed balance and produce increasingly coherent, apparently deterministic motion for a vacuum-trapped particle. The particle is birefringent and held in a linearly polarized Gaussian optical trap. It undergoes oscillations that grow rapidly in amplitude as the air pressure is reduced, seemingly in contradiction to the equipartition of energy. This behavior is reproduced in direct simulations and captured in a simplified analytical model, showing that the underlying mechanism involves nonsymmetric coupling between rotational and translational degrees of freedom. When parametrically driven, these self-sustained oscillators exhibit an ultranarrow linewidth of 2.2 μHz and an ultrahigh mechanical quality factor in excess of 2 × 108 at room temperature. Last, nonequilibrium motion is seen to be a generic feature of optical vacuum traps, arising for any system with symmetry lower than that of a perfect isotropic microsphere in a Gaussian trap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiko Arita
- SUPA, School of Physics & Astronomy, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews KY16 9SS, UK
- Molecular Chirality Research Centre, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba-shi 263-0022, Japan
- Corresponding author. (Y.A.); (S.H.S.); (K.D.)
| | - Stephen H. Simpson
- Institute of Scientific Instruments of the Czech Academy of Science, v.v.i., Královopolská 147, 612 64 Brno, Czech Republic
- Corresponding author. (Y.A.); (S.H.S.); (K.D.)
| | - Pavel Zemánek
- Institute of Scientific Instruments of the Czech Academy of Science, v.v.i., Královopolská 147, 612 64 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Kishan Dholakia
- SUPA, School of Physics & Astronomy, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews KY16 9SS, UK
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba-shi 263-0022, Japan
- College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721-0094, USA
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, South Korea
- Corresponding author. (Y.A.); (S.H.S.); (K.D.)
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20
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Li H, Cao Y, Shi B, Zhu T, Geng Y, Feng R, Wang L, Sun F, Shi Y, Miri MA, Nieto-Vesperinas M, Qiu CW, Ding W. Momentum-Topology-Induced Optical Pulling Force. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 124:143901. [PMID: 32338962 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.143901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We report an ingenious mechanism to obtain robust optical pulling force by a single plane wave via engineering the topology of light momentum in the background. The underlying physics is found to be the topological transition of the light momentum from a usual convex shape to a starlike concave shape in the carefully designed background, such as a photonic crystal structure. The principle and results reported here shed insightful concepts concerning optical pulling, and pave the way for a new class of advanced optical manipulation technique, with potential applications of drug delivery and cell sorting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Li
- Institute of Advanced Photonics, School of Physics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Yongyin Cao
- Institute of Advanced Photonics, School of Physics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Bojian Shi
- Institute of Advanced Photonics, School of Physics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Tongtong Zhu
- School of Optoelectronic Engineering and Instrumentation Science, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Yong Geng
- Center of Ultra-Precision Optoelectronic, Instrument Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Rui Feng
- Institute of Advanced Photonics, School of Physics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Institute of Advanced Photonics, School of Physics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Fangkui Sun
- Institute of Advanced Photonics, School of Physics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Yuzhi Shi
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Mohammad Ali Miri
- Department of physics, Queens College of the City University of New York, Queens, New York 11367, USA
| | - Manuel Nieto-Vesperinas
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Campus de Cantoblanco, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Cheng-Wei Qiu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
| | - Weiqiang Ding
- Institute of Advanced Photonics, School of Physics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, China
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21
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Toftul ID, Bliokh KY, Petrov MI, Nori F. Acoustic Radiation Force and Torque on Small Particles as Measures of the Canonical Momentum and Spin Densities. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 123:183901. [PMID: 31763875 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.183901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We examine acoustic radiation force and torque on a small (subwavelength) absorbing isotropic particle immersed in a monochromatic (but generally inhomogeneous) sound-wave field. We show that by introducing the monopole and dipole polarizabilities of the particle, the problem can be treated in a way similar to the well-studied optical forces and torques on dipole Rayleigh particles. We derive simple analytical expressions for the acoustic force (including both the gradient and scattering forces) and torque. Importantly, these expressions reveal intimate relations to the fundamental field properties introduced recently for acoustic fields: the canonical momentum and spin angular momentum densities. We compare our analytical results with previous calculations and exact numerical simulations. We also consider an important example of a particle in an evanescent acoustic wave, which exhibits the mutually orthogonal scattering (radiation-pressure) force, gradient force, and torque from the transverse spin of the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- I D Toftul
- Theoretical Quantum Physics Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- ITMO University, Birzhevaya liniya 14, St.-Petersburg 199034, Russia
| | - K Y Bliokh
- Theoretical Quantum Physics Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Nonlinear Physics Centre, RSPE, The Australian National University, Canberra ACT 0200, Australia
| | - M I Petrov
- ITMO University, Birzhevaya liniya 14, St.-Petersburg 199034, Russia
| | - F Nori
- Theoretical Quantum Physics Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Physics Department, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1040, USA
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22
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Leveraging collective effects in externally driven colloidal suspensions: experiments and simulations. Curr Opin Colloid Interface Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cocis.2018.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Peterson CW, Parker J, Rice SA, Scherer NF. Controlling the Dynamics and Optical Binding of Nanoparticle Homodimers with Transverse Phase Gradients. NANO LETTERS 2019; 19:897-903. [PMID: 30624071 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b04134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
While transverse phase gradients enable studies of driven nonequilibrium phenomena in optical trapping, the behavior of electrodynamically interacting particles in a transverse phase gradient has not been explored in detail. In this Letter we study electrodynamically interacting pairs of identical nanoparticles (homodimers) in transverse phase gradients. We establish that the net driving force on homodimers is modulated by a separation-dependent interference effect for small phase gradients. By contrast, large phase gradients break the symmetry of the interaction between particles and profoundly change the electrodynamic interparticle energy landscape. Our findings are particularly important for understanding multiparticle dynamics during the self-assembly and rearrangement of optical matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Curtis W Peterson
- Department of Chemistry , The University of Chicago , Chicago , Illinois 60637 , United States
- James Franck Institute , The University of Chicago , Chicago , Illinois 60637 , United States
| | - John Parker
- James Franck Institute , The University of Chicago , Chicago , Illinois 60637 , United States
- Department of Physics , The University of Chicago , Chicago , Illinois 60637 , United States
| | - Stuart A Rice
- Department of Chemistry , The University of Chicago , Chicago , Illinois 60637 , United States
- James Franck Institute , The University of Chicago , Chicago , Illinois 60637 , United States
| | - Norbert F Scherer
- Department of Chemistry , The University of Chicago , Chicago , Illinois 60637 , United States
- James Franck Institute , The University of Chicago , Chicago , Illinois 60637 , United States
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24
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Länk NO, Johansson P, Käll M. Directional scattering and multipolar contributions to optical forces on silicon nanoparticles in focused laser beams. OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 26:29074-29085. [PMID: 30470074 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.029074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles made of high index dielectric materials have seen a surge of interest and have been proposed for various applications, such as metalenses, light harvesting and directional scattering. With the advent of fabrication techniques enabling colloidal suspensions, the prospects of optical manipulation of such nanoparticles becomes paramount. High index nanoparticles support electric and magnetic multipolar responses in the visible regime and interference between such modes can give rise to highly directional scattering, in particular a cancellation of back-scattered radiation at the first Kerker condition. Here we present a study of the optical forces on silicon nanoparticles in the visible and near infrared calculated using the transfer matrix method. The zero-backscattering Kerker condition is investigated as an avenue to reduce radiation pressure in an optical trap. We find that while asymmetric scattering does reduce the radiation pressure, the main determining factor of trap stability is the increased particle response near the geometric resonances. The trap stability for non-spherical silicon nanoparticles is also investigated and we find that ellipsoidal deformation of spheres enables trapping of slightly larger particles.
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25
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Liaw JW, Chien CW, Liu KC, Ku YC, Kuo MK. 3D Optical Vortex Trapping of Plasmonic Nanostructure. Sci Rep 2018; 8:12673. [PMID: 30140032 PMCID: PMC6107535 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-30948-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
3D optical vortex trapping upon a polystyrene nanoparticle (NP) by a 1D gold dimer array is studied theoretically. The optical force field shows that the trapping mode can be contact or non-contact. For the former, the NP is attracted toward a corresponding dimer. For the latter, it is trapped toward a stagnation point of zero force with a 3D spiral trajectory, revealing optical vortex. Additionally the optical torque causes the NP to transversely spin, even though the system is irradiated by a linearly polarized light. The transverse spin-orbit interaction is manifested from the opposite helicities of the spin and spiral orbit. Along with the growth and decline of optical vortices the trapped NP performs a step-like motion, as the array continuously moves. Our results, in agreement with the previous experiment, identify the role of optical vortex in the near-field trapping of plasmonic nanostructure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiunn-Woei Liaw
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan. .,Institute for Radiological Research, Chang Gung University and Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan. .,Center for Advanced Molecular Imaging and Translation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan. .,Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City, Taiwan.
| | - Chiao-Wei Chien
- Institute of Applied Mechanics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kun-Chi Liu
- Institute of Applied Mechanics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Cheng Ku
- Institute of Applied Mechanics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mao-Kuen Kuo
- Institute of Applied Mechanics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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