1
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Li G, Zhao Z, Jiang X, Chen Z, Liu B, Malomed BA, Li Y. Strongly Anisotropic Vortices in Dipolar Quantum Droplets. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 133:053804. [PMID: 39159105 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.133.053804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024]
Abstract
We construct strongly anisotropic quantum droplets with embedded vorticity in the 3D space, with mutually perpendicular vortex axis and polarization of atomic magnetic moments. Stability of these anisotropic vortex quantum droplets (AVQDs) is verified by means of systematic simulations. Their stability area is identified in the parametric plane of the total atom number and scattering length of the contact interactions. We also construct vortex-antivortex-vortex bound states and find their stability region in the parameter space. The application of a torque perpendicular to the vorticity axis gives rise to robust intrinsic oscillations or rotation of the AVQDs. The effect of three-body losses on the AVQD stability is considered too. The results show that the AVQDs can retain the topological structure (vorticity) for a sufficiently long time if the scattering length exceeds a critical value.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Yongyao Li
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Intelligent Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Technology, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China
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2
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Chomaz L. Ultracold molecules that interact from afar form elusive quantum state. Nature 2024; 631:283-284. [PMID: 38982236 DOI: 10.1038/d41586-024-02134-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
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3
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Bigagli N, Yuan W, Zhang S, Bulatovic B, Karman T, Stevenson I, Will S. Observation of Bose-Einstein condensation of dipolar molecules. Nature 2024; 631:289-293. [PMID: 38831053 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07492-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Ensembles of particles governed by quantum mechanical laws exhibit intriguing emergent behaviour. Atomic quantum gases1,2, liquid helium3,4 and electrons in quantum materials5-7 all exhibit distinct properties because of their composition and interactions. Quantum degenerate samples of ultracold dipolar molecules promise the realization of new phases of matter and new avenues for quantum simulation8 and quantum computation9. However, rapid losses10, even when reduced through collisional shielding techniques11-13, have so far prevented evaporative cooling to a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC). Here we report on the realization of a BEC of dipolar molecules. By strongly suppressing two- and three-body losses via enhanced collisional shielding, we evaporatively cool sodium-caesium molecules to quantum degeneracy and cross the phase transition to a BEC. The BEC reveals itself by a bimodal distribution when the phase-space density exceeds 1. BECs with a condensate fraction of 60(10)% and a temperature of 6(2) nK are created and found to be stable with a lifetime close to 2 s. This work opens the door to the exploration of dipolar quantum matter in regimes that have been inaccessible so far, promising the creation of exotic dipolar droplets14, self-organized crystal phases15 and dipolar spin liquids in optical lattices16.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niccolò Bigagli
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Weijun Yuan
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Siwei Zhang
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Boris Bulatovic
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tijs Karman
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ian Stevenson
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sebastian Will
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
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4
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Adhikari SK. Quasi-one- and quasi-two-dimensional symbiotic solitons bound by dipolar interaction. Phys Rev E 2024; 109:064206. [PMID: 39020961 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.109.064206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
We study the formation of quasi-one- (quasi-1D) and quasi-two-dimensional (quasi-2D) symbiotic solitons bound by an interspecies dipolar interaction in a binary dipolar Bose-Einstein condensate. These binary solitons have a repulsive intraspecies contact interaction stronger than the intraspecies dipolar interaction, so that they can not be bound in isolation in the absence of an interspecies dipolar interaction. These symbiotic solitons are bound in the presence of an interspecies dipolar interaction and zero interspecies contact interaction. The quasi-1D solitons are free to move along the polarization z direction of the dipolar atoms, whereas the quasi-2D solitons move in the x-z plane. To illustrate these, we consider a ^{164}Er-^{166}Er mixture with scattering lengths a(^{164}Er)=81a_{0} and a(^{166}Er)=68a_{0} and with dipolar lengths a_{dd}(^{164}Er)≈a_{dd}(^{166}Er)≈65a_{0}, where a_{0} is the Bohr radius. In each of the two components a>a_{dd}, which stops the binding of solitons in each component in isolation, whereas a binary quasi-1D or a quasi-2D ^{164}Er-^{166}Er soliton is bound in the presence of an interspecies dipolar interaction. The stationary states were obtained by imaginary-time propagation of the underlying mean-field model; dynamical stability of the solitons was established by real-time propagation over a long period of time.
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5
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Siemens A, Silveira FAO, Schmelcher P. Compression-induced crossovers for the ground state of classical dipole lattices on a Möbius strip. Phys Rev E 2024; 109:064125. [PMID: 39021025 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.109.064125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
We explore the ground-state properties of a lattice of classical dipoles spanned on the surface of a Möbius strip. The dipole equilibrium configurations depend significantly on the geometrical parameters of the Möbius strip, as well as on the lattice dimensions. As a result of the variable dipole spacing on the curved surface of the Möbius strip, the ground state can consist of multiple domains with different dipole orientations which are separated by domain-wall-like boundaries. We analyze in particular the dependence of the ground-state dipole configuration on the width of the Möbius strip and highlight two crossovers in the ground state that can be correspondingly tuned. A first crossover changes the dipole lattice from a phase which resists compression to a phase that favors it. The second crossover leads to an exchange of the topological properties of the two involved domains. We conclude with a brief summary and an outlook on more complex topologically intricate surfaces.
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6
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Du L, Barral P, Cantara M, de Hond J, Lu YK, Ketterle W. Atomic physics on a 50-nm scale: Realization of a bilayer system of dipolar atoms. Science 2024; 384:546-551. [PMID: 38696550 DOI: 10.1126/science.adh3023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
Controlling ultracold atoms with laser light has greatly advanced quantum science. The wavelength of light sets a typical length scale for most experiments to the order of 500 nanometers (nm) or greater. In this work, we implemented a super-resolution technique that localizes and arranges atoms on a sub-50-nm scale, without any fundamental limit in resolution. We demonstrate this technique by creating a bilayer of dysprosium atoms and observing dipolar interactions between two physically separated layers through interlayer sympathetic cooling and coupled collective excitations. At 50-nm distance, dipolar interactions are 1000 times stronger than at 500 nm. For two atoms in optical tweezers, this should enable purely magnetic dipolar gates with kilohertz speed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Du
- MIT-Harvard Center for Ultracold Atoms, Research Laboratory of Electronics, Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Pierre Barral
- MIT-Harvard Center for Ultracold Atoms, Research Laboratory of Electronics, Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Michael Cantara
- MIT-Harvard Center for Ultracold Atoms, Research Laboratory of Electronics, Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Julius de Hond
- MIT-Harvard Center for Ultracold Atoms, Research Laboratory of Electronics, Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Yu-Kun Lu
- MIT-Harvard Center for Ultracold Atoms, Research Laboratory of Electronics, Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Wolfgang Ketterle
- MIT-Harvard Center for Ultracold Atoms, Research Laboratory of Electronics, Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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7
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Biagioni G, Antolini N, Donelli B, Pezzè L, Smerzi A, Fattori M, Fioretti A, Gabbanini C, Inguscio M, Tanzi L, Modugno G. Measurement of the superfluid fraction of a supersolid by Josephson effect. Nature 2024; 629:773-777. [PMID: 38720083 PMCID: PMC11111407 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07361-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024]
Abstract
A new class of superfluids and superconductors with spatially periodic modulation of the superfluid density is arising1-12. It might be related to the supersolid phase of matter, in which the spontaneous breaking of gauge and translational symmetries leads to a spatially modulated macroscopic wavefunction13-16. This relation was recognized only in some cases1,2,5-9 and there is the need for a universal property quantifying the differences between supersolids and ordinary matter, such as the superfluid fraction, which measures the reduction in superfluid stiffness resulting from the spatial modulation16-18. The superfluid fraction was introduced long ago16, but it has not yet been assessed experimentally. Here we demonstrate an innovative method to measure the superfluid fraction based on the Josephson effect, a ubiquitous phenomenon associated with the presence of a physical barrier between two superfluids or superconductors19, which might also be expected for supersolids20, owing to the spatial modulation. We demonstrate that individual cells of a supersolid can sustain Josephson oscillations and we show that, from the current-phase dynamics, we can derive directly the superfluid fraction. Our study of a cold-atom dipolar supersolid7 reveals a relatively large sub-unity superfluid fraction that makes realistic the study of previously unknown phenomena such as partially quantized vortices and supercurrents16-18. Our results open a new direction of research that may unify the description of all supersolid-like systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Biagioni
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università degli studi di Firenze, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- CNR-INO, Sede di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - N Antolini
- CNR-INO, Sede di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy, Università degli studi di Firenze, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - B Donelli
- European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy, Università degli studi di Firenze, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- CNR-INO, Sede di Firenze, Firenze, Italy
- Quantum Science and Technology in Arcetri (QSTAR), Firenze, Italy
- Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - L Pezzè
- European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy, Università degli studi di Firenze, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- CNR-INO, Sede di Firenze, Firenze, Italy
- Quantum Science and Technology in Arcetri (QSTAR), Firenze, Italy
| | - A Smerzi
- European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy, Università degli studi di Firenze, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
- CNR-INO, Sede di Firenze, Firenze, Italy.
- Quantum Science and Technology in Arcetri (QSTAR), Firenze, Italy.
| | - M Fattori
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università degli studi di Firenze, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy, Università degli studi di Firenze, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- CNR-INO, Sede di Sesto Fiorentino, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | | | | | - M Inguscio
- European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy, Università degli studi di Firenze, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Roma, Italy
| | - L Tanzi
- CNR-INO, Sede di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy, Università degli studi di Firenze, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - G Modugno
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università degli studi di Firenze, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
- CNR-INO, Sede di Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
- European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy, Università degli studi di Firenze, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
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8
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Adelhardt P, Koziol JA, Langheld A, Schmidt KP. Monte Carlo Based Techniques for Quantum Magnets with Long-Range Interactions. ENTROPY (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 26:401. [PMID: 38785650 PMCID: PMC11120707 DOI: 10.3390/e26050401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Long-range interactions are relevant for a large variety of quantum systems in quantum optics and condensed matter physics. In particular, the control of quantum-optical platforms promises to gain deep insights into quantum-critical properties induced by the long-range nature of interactions. From a theoretical perspective, long-range interactions are notoriously complicated to treat. Here, we give an overview of recent advancements to investigate quantum magnets with long-range interactions focusing on two techniques based on Monte Carlo integration. First, the method of perturbative continuous unitary transformations where classical Monte Carlo integration is applied within the embedding scheme of white graphs. This linked-cluster expansion allows extracting high-order series expansions of energies and observables in the thermodynamic limit. Second, stochastic series expansion quantum Monte Carlo integration enables calculations on large finite systems. Finite-size scaling can then be used to determine the physical properties of the infinite system. In recent years, both techniques have been applied successfully to one- and two-dimensional quantum magnets involving long-range Ising, XY, and Heisenberg interactions on various bipartite and non-bipartite lattices. Here, we summarise the obtained quantum-critical properties including critical exponents for all these systems in a coherent way. Further, we review how long-range interactions are used to study quantum phase transitions above the upper critical dimension and the scaling techniques to extract these quantum critical properties from the numerical calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Kai P. Schmidt
- Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91058 Erlangen, Germany; (P.A.); (J.A.K.); (A.L.)
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9
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Barral P, Cantara M, Du L, Lunden W, de Hond J, Jamison AO, Ketterle W. Suppressing dipolar relaxation in thin layers of dysprosium atoms. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3566. [PMID: 38670953 PMCID: PMC11052996 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47260-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The dipolar interaction can be attractive or repulsive, depending on the position and orientation of the dipoles. Constraining atoms to a plane with their magnetic moment aligned perpendicularly leads to a largely side-by-side repulsion and generates a dipolar barrier which prevents atoms from approaching each other. We show experimentally and theoretically how this can suppress dipolar relaxation, the dominant loss process in spin mixtures of highly magnetic atoms. Using dysprosium, we observe an order of magnitude reduction in the relaxation rate constant, and another factor of ten is within reach based on the models which we have validated with our experimental study. The loss suppression opens up many new possibilities for quantum simulations with spin mixtures of highly magnetic atoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Barral
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, MIT-Harvard Center for Ultracold Atoms, and Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
| | - Michael Cantara
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, MIT-Harvard Center for Ultracold Atoms, and Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Li Du
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, MIT-Harvard Center for Ultracold Atoms, and Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - William Lunden
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, MIT-Harvard Center for Ultracold Atoms, and Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Julius de Hond
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, MIT-Harvard Center for Ultracold Atoms, and Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Alan O Jamison
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, MIT-Harvard Center for Ultracold Atoms, and Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Wolfgang Ketterle
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, MIT-Harvard Center for Ultracold Atoms, and Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
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10
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Ji Y, Chen J, Schumacher GL, Assumpção GGT, Huang S, Vivanco FJ, Navon N. Observation of the Fermionic Joule-Thomson Effect. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:153402. [PMID: 38682986 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.153402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
We report the first observation of the quantum Joule-Thomson (JT) effect in ideal and unitary Fermi gases. We study the temperature dynamics of these systems while they undergo an energy-per-particle conserving rarefaction. For scale-invariant systems, whose equations of state satisfy the relation U∝PV, this rarefaction conserves the specific enthalpy, which makes it thermodynamically equivalent to a JT throttling process. We observe JT heating in an ideal Fermi gas, a direct consequence of Pauli blocking. In a unitary Fermi gas, we observe that the JT heating is marginal in the temperature range 0.2≲T/T_{F}≲0.8 as the repulsive quantum-statistical effect is lessened by the attractive interparticle interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunpeng Ji
- Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - Jianyi Chen
- Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - Grant L Schumacher
- Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | | | - Songtao Huang
- Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - Franklin J Vivanco
- Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - Nir Navon
- Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
- Yale Quantum Institute, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
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11
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Houwman JJA, Baillie D, Blakie PB, Natale G, Ferlaino F, Mark MJ. Measurement of the Excitation Spectrum of a Dipolar Gas in the Macrodroplet Regime. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:103401. [PMID: 38518353 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.103401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
The excitation spectrum of a cigar-shaped strongly dipolar quantum gas at the crossover from a Bose-Einstein condensate to a trapped macrodroplet is predicted to exhibit peculiar features-a strong upward shift of low momentum excitation energies together with a strong multiband response for high momenta. By performing Bragg spectroscopy over a wide range of momenta, we observe both key elements and also confirm the predicted stiffening of excitation modes when approaching the macrodroplet regime. Our measurements are in good agreement with numerical calculations taking into account finite size effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J A Houwman
- Universität Innsbruck, Institut für Experimentalphysik, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - D Baillie
- Department of Physics, Centre for Quantum Science, and The Dodd-Walls Centre for Photonic and Quantum Technologies, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
| | - P B Blakie
- Department of Physics, Centre for Quantum Science, and The Dodd-Walls Centre for Photonic and Quantum Technologies, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
| | - G Natale
- Universität Innsbruck, Institut für Experimentalphysik, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Institut für Quantenoptik und Quanteninformation, Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - F Ferlaino
- Universität Innsbruck, Institut für Experimentalphysik, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Institut für Quantenoptik und Quanteninformation, Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - M J Mark
- Universität Innsbruck, Institut für Experimentalphysik, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Institut für Quantenoptik und Quanteninformation, Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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12
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Wang Q, Qin J, Zhao J, Qin L, Zhang Y, Feng X, Zhou L, Yang C, Zhou Y, Zhu Z, Liu W, Zhao X. Bright solitons in a spin-orbit-coupled dipolar Bose-Einstein condensate trapped within a double-lattice. OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 32:6658-6671. [PMID: 38439364 DOI: 10.1364/oe.515902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
By effectively controlling the dipole-dipole interaction, we investigate the characteristics of the ground state of bright solitons in a spin-orbit coupled dipolar Bose-Einstein condensate. The dipolar atoms are trapped within a double-lattice which consists of a linear and a nonlinear lattice. We derive the motion equations of the different spin components, taking the controlling mechanisms of the dipole-dipole interaction into account. An analytical expression of dipole-dipole interaction is derived. By adjusting the dipole polarization angle, the dipole interaction can be adjusted from attraction to repulsion. On this basis, we study the generation and manipulation of the bright solitons using both the analytical variational method and numerical imaginary time evolution. The stability of the bright solitons is also analyzed and we map out the stability phase diagram. By adjusting the long-range dipole-dipole interaction, one can achieve manipulation of bright solitons in all aspects, including the existence, width, nodes, and stability. Considering the complexity of our system, our results will have enormous potential applications in quantum simulation of complex systems.
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13
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Ciardi M, Cinti F, Pellicane G, Prestipino S. Supersolid Phases of Bosonic Particles in a Bubble Trap. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:026001. [PMID: 38277582 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.026001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Confinement can have a considerable effect on the behavior of particle systems and is therefore an effective way to discover new phenomena. A notable example is a system of identical bosons at low temperature under an external field mimicking an isotropic bubble trap, which constrains the particles to a portion of space close to a spherical surface. Using path integral Monte Carlo simulations, we examine the spatial structure and superfluid fraction in two emblematic cases. First, we look at soft-core bosons, finding the existence of supersolid cluster arrangements with polyhedral symmetry; we show how different numbers of clusters are stabilized depending on the trap radius and the particle mass, and we characterize the temperature behavior of the cluster phases. A detailed comparison with the behavior of classical soft-core particles is provided too. Then, we examine the case, of more immediate experimental interest, of a dipolar condensate on the sphere, demonstrating how a quasi-one-dimensional supersolid of clusters is formed on a great circle for realistic values of density and interaction parameters. Crucially, this supersolid phase is only slightly disturbed by gravity. We argue that the predicted phases can be revealed in magnetic traps with spherical-shell geometry, possibly even in a lab on Earth. Our results pave the way for future simulation studies of correlated quantum systems in curved geometries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Ciardi
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Firenze, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, TU Wien, Wiedner Hauptstraße 8-10/136, 1040 Vienna, Austria
- INFN, Sezione di Firenze, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - Fabio Cinti
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Firenze, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Firenze, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
- Department of Physics, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 524, Auckland Park 2006, South Africa
| | - Giuseppe Pellicane
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Odontoiatriche e delle Immagini Morfologiche e Funzionali, Università degli Studi di Messina, I-98125 Messina, Italy
- CNR-IPCF, Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres, 37-98158, Messina, Italy
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of Kwazulu-Natal, 3209 Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
- National Institute of Theoretical and Computational Sciences (NIThECS), 3209 Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
| | - Santi Prestipino
- Dipartimento di Scienze Matematiche e Informatiche, Scienze Fisiche e Scienze della Terra, Università degli Studi di Messina, viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, I-98166 Messina, Italy
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14
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Poli E, Bland T, White SJM, Mark MJ, Ferlaino F, Trabucco S, Mannarelli M. Glitches in Rotating Supersolids. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:223401. [PMID: 38101354 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.223401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Glitches, spin-up events in neutron stars, are of prime interest, as they reveal properties of nuclear matter at subnuclear densities. We numerically investigate the glitch mechanism due to vortex unpinning using analogies between neutron stars and dipolar supersolids. We explore the vortex and crystal dynamics during a glitch and its dependence on the supersolid quality, providing a tool to study glitches from different radial depths of a neutron star. Benchmarking our theory against neutron-star observations, our work will open a new avenue for the quantum simulation of stellar objects from Earth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Poli
- Universität Innsbruck, Fakultät für Mathematik, Informatik und Physik, Institut für Experimentalphysik, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Thomas Bland
- Universität Innsbruck, Fakultät für Mathematik, Informatik und Physik, Institut für Experimentalphysik, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Samuel J M White
- Universität Innsbruck, Fakultät für Mathematik, Informatik und Physik, Institut für Experimentalphysik, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Institut für Quantenoptik und Quanteninformation, Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Manfred J Mark
- Universität Innsbruck, Fakultät für Mathematik, Informatik und Physik, Institut für Experimentalphysik, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Institut für Quantenoptik und Quanteninformation, Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Francesca Ferlaino
- Universität Innsbruck, Fakultät für Mathematik, Informatik und Physik, Institut für Experimentalphysik, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Institut für Quantenoptik und Quanteninformation, Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Silvia Trabucco
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, 67100 Assergi (AQ), Italy
- Gran Sasso Science Institute, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
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15
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Bloch D, Hofer B, Cohen SR, Browaeys A, Ferrier-Barbut I. Trapping and Imaging Single Dysprosium Atoms in Optical Tweezer Arrays. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:203401. [PMID: 38039457 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.203401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
We report the preparation and observation of single atoms of dysprosium in arrays of optical tweezers with a wavelength of 532 nm, imaged on the intercombination line at 626 nm. We use the anisotropic light shift specific to lanthanides and in particular a large difference in tensor and vector polarizabilities between the ground and excited states to tune the differential light shift and produce tweezers in near-magic or magic polarization. This allows us to find a regime where single atoms can be trapped and imaged. Using the tweezer array toolbox to manipulate lanthanides will open new research directions for quantum physics studies by taking advantage of their rich spectrum, large spin, and magnetic dipole moment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien Bloch
- Université Paris-Saclay, Institut d'Optique Graduate School, CNRS, Laboratoire Charles Fabry, 91127, Palaiseau, France
| | - Britton Hofer
- Université Paris-Saclay, Institut d'Optique Graduate School, CNRS, Laboratoire Charles Fabry, 91127, Palaiseau, France
| | - Sam R Cohen
- Université Paris-Saclay, Institut d'Optique Graduate School, CNRS, Laboratoire Charles Fabry, 91127, Palaiseau, France
| | - Antoine Browaeys
- Université Paris-Saclay, Institut d'Optique Graduate School, CNRS, Laboratoire Charles Fabry, 91127, Palaiseau, France
| | - Igor Ferrier-Barbut
- Université Paris-Saclay, Institut d'Optique Graduate School, CNRS, Laboratoire Charles Fabry, 91127, Palaiseau, France
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16
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Ciardi M, Angelone A, Mezzacapo F, Cinti F. Quasicrystalline Bose Glass in the Absence of Disorder and Quasidisorder. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:173402. [PMID: 37955480 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.173402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
We study the low-temperature phases of interacting bosons on a two-dimensional quasicrystalline lattice. By means of numerically exact path integral Monte Carlo simulations, we show that for sufficiently weak interactions the system is a homogeneous Bose-Einstein condensate that develops density modulations for increasing filling factor. The simultaneous occurrence of sizeable condensate fraction and density modulation can be interpreted as the analogous, in a quasicrystalline lattice, of supersolid phases occurring in conventional periodic lattices. For sufficiently large interaction strength and particle density, global condensation is lost and quantum exchanges are restricted to specific spatial regions. The emerging quantum phase is therefore a Bose glass, which here is stabilized in the absence of any source of disorder or quasidisorder, purely as a result of the interplay between quantum effects, particle interactions and quasicrystalline substrate. This finding clearly indicates that (quasi)disorder is not essential to observe Bose glass physics. Our results are of interest for ongoing experiments on (quasi)disorder-free quasicrystalline lattices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Ciardi
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Firenze, I-50019, Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Firenze, I-50019, Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - Adriano Angelone
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique Théorique de la Matière Condensée, LPTMC, F-75005 Paris, France
- eXact lab s.r.l., Via Francesco Crispi 56-34126 Trieste, Italy
| | - Fabio Mezzacapo
- Univ Lyon, Ens de Lyon, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique, F-69342 Lyon, France
| | - Fabio Cinti
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Firenze, I-50019, Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Firenze, I-50019, Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
- Department of Physics, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 524, Auckland Park 2006, South Africa
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17
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Roscilde T, Comparin T, Mezzacapo F. Entangling Dynamics from Effective Rotor-Spin-Wave Separation in U(1)-Symmetric Quantum Spin Models. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:160403. [PMID: 37925736 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.160403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
The nonequilibrium dynamics of quantum spin models is a most challenging topic, due to the exponentiality of Hilbert space, and it is central to the understanding of the many-body entangled states that can be generated by state-of-the-art quantum simulators. A particularly important class of evolutions is the one governed by U(1)-symmetric Hamiltonians, initialized in a state that breaks the U(1) symmetry-the paradigmatic example being the evolution of the so-called one-axis-twisting (OAT) model, featuring infinite-range interactions between spins. In this Letter, we show that the dynamics of the OAT model can be closely reproduced by systems with power-law-decaying interactions, thanks to an effective separation between the zero-momentum degrees of freedom, associated with the so-called Anderson tower of states, and reconstructing an OAT model, as well as finite-momentum ones, associated with spin-wave excitations. This mechanism explains quantitatively the recent numerical observation of spin squeezing and Schrödinger cat-state generation in the dynamics of dipolar Hamiltonians, and it paves the way for the extension of this observation to a much larger class of models of immediate relevance for quantum simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommaso Roscilde
- Univ Lyon, Ens de Lyon, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique, F-69342 Lyon, France
| | - Tommaso Comparin
- Univ Lyon, Ens de Lyon, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique, F-69342 Lyon, France
| | - Fabio Mezzacapo
- Univ Lyon, Ens de Lyon, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique, F-69342 Lyon, France
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18
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Muleady SR, Yang M, White SR, Rey AM. Validating Phase-Space Methods with Tensor Networks in Two-Dimensional Spin Models with Power-Law Interactions. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:150401. [PMID: 37897760 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.150401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
Using a recently developed extension of the time-dependent variational principle for matrix product states, we evaluate the dynamics of 2D power-law interacting XXZ models, implementable in a variety of state-of-the-art experimental platforms. We compute the spin squeezing as a measure of correlations in the system, and compare to semiclassical phase-space calculations utilizing the discrete truncated Wigner approximation (DTWA). We find the latter efficiently and accurately captures the scaling of entanglement with system size in these systems, despite the comparatively resource-intensive tensor network representation of the dynamics. We also compare the steady-state behavior of DTWA to thermal ensemble calculations with tensor networks. Our results open a way to benchmark dynamical calculations for two-dimensional quantum systems, and allow us to rigorously validate recent predictions for the generation of scalable entangled resources for metrology in these systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean R Muleady
- JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
- Center for Theory of Quantum Matter, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Mingru Yang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Physics, Boltzmanngasse 5, 1090 Wien, Austria
| | - Steven R White
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - Ana Maria Rey
- JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
- Center for Theory of Quantum Matter, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
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19
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Su L, Douglas A, Szurek M, Groth R, Ozturk SF, Krahn A, Hébert AH, Phelps GA, Ebadi S, Dickerson S, Ferlaino F, Marković O, Greiner M. Dipolar quantum solids emerging in a Hubbard quantum simulator. Nature 2023; 622:724-729. [PMID: 37880438 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06614-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
In quantum mechanical many-body systems, long-range and anisotropic interactions promote rich spatial structure and can lead to quantum frustration, giving rise to a wealth of complex, strongly correlated quantum phases1. Long-range interactions play an important role in nature; however, quantum simulations of lattice systems have largely not been able to realize such interactions. A wide range of efforts are underway to explore long-range interacting lattice systems using polar molecules2-5, Rydberg atoms2,6-8, optical cavities9-11 or magnetic atoms12-15. Here we realize novel quantum phases in a strongly correlated lattice system with long-range dipolar interactions using ultracold magnetic erbium atoms. As we tune the dipolar interaction to be the dominant energy scale in our system, we observe quantum phase transitions from a superfluid into dipolar quantum solids, which we directly detect using quantum gas microscopy with accordion lattices. Controlling the interaction anisotropy by orienting the dipoles enables us to realize a variety of stripe-ordered states. Furthermore, by transitioning non-adiabatically through the strongly correlated regime, we observe the emergence of a range of metastable stripe-ordered states. This work demonstrates that novel strongly correlated quantum phases can be realized using long-range dipolar interactions in optical lattices, opening the door to quantum simulations of a wide range of lattice models with long-range and anisotropic interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Su
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | | | - Michal Szurek
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Robin Groth
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - S Furkan Ozturk
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Aaron Krahn
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Anne H Hébert
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Sepehr Ebadi
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Francesca Ferlaino
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- Institut für Quantenoptik und Quanteninformation, Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ognjen Marković
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Markus Greiner
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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20
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Naldesi P, Elben A, Minguzzi A, Clément D, Zoller P, Vermersch B. Fermionic Correlation Functions from Randomized Measurements in Programmable Atomic Quantum Devices. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:060601. [PMID: 37625073 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.060601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
We provide an efficient randomized measurement protocol to estimate two- and four-point fermionic correlations in ultracold atom experiments. Our approach is based on combining random atomic beam splitter operations, which can be realized with programmable optical landscapes, with high-resolution imaging systems such as quantum gas microscopes. We illustrate our results in the context of the variational quantum eigensolver algorithm for solving quantum chemistry problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piero Naldesi
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria
- Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria
| | - Andreas Elben
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria
- Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria
- Institute for Quantum Information and Matter, Caltech, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
- Walter Burke Institute for Theoretical Physics, Caltech, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Anna Minguzzi
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, LPMMC, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - David Clément
- Université Paris-Saclay, Institut d'Optique Graduate School, CNRS, Laboratoire Charles Fabry, 91127, Palaiseau, France
| | - Peter Zoller
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria
- Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria
| | - Benoît Vermersch
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria
- Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, LPMMC, 38000 Grenoble, France
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21
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Asnaashari K, Krems RV, Tscherbul TV. General Classification of Qubit Encodings in Ultracold Diatomic Molecules. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:6593-6602. [PMID: 37494464 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c02835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Owing to their rich internal structure and significant long-range interactions, ultracold molecules have been widely explored as carriers of quantum information. Several different schemes for encoding qubits into molecular states, both bare and field-dressed, have been proposed. At the same time, the rich internal structure of molecules leaves many unexplored possibilities for qubit encodings. We show that all molecular qubit encodings can be classified into four classes by the type of the effective interaction between the qubits. In the case of polar molecules, the four classes are determined by the relative magnitudes of matrix elements of the dipole moment operator in the single-molecule basis. We exemplify our classification scheme by considering the encoding of the effective spin-1/2 system into nonadjacent rotational states (e.g., N = 0 and 2) of polar and nonpolar molecules with the same nuclear spin projection. Our classification scheme is designed to inform the optimal choice of molecular qubit encoding for quantum information storage and processing applications, as well as for dynamical generation of many-body entangled states and for quantum annealing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasra Asnaashari
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Roman V Krems
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Timur V Tscherbul
- Department of Physics, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557, United States
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22
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Bilitewski T, Rey AM. Manipulating Growth and Propagation of Correlations in Dipolar Multilayers: From Pair Production to Bosonic Kitaev Models. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:053001. [PMID: 37595247 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.053001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
We study the nonequilibrium dynamics of dipoles confined in multiple stacked two-dimensional layers realizing a long-range interacting quantum spin 1/2 XXX model. We demonstrate that strong in-plane interactions can protect a manifold of collective layer dynamics. This then allows us to map the many-body spin dynamics to bosonic models. In a bilayer configuration we show how to engineer the paradigmatic two-mode squeezing Hamiltonian known from quantum optics, resulting in exponential production of entangled pairs and generation of metrologically useful entanglement from initially prepared product states. In multilayer configurations we engineer a bosonic variant of the Kitaev model displaying chiral propagation along the layer direction. Our study illustrates how the control over interactions, lattice geometry, and state preparation in interacting dipolar systems uniquely afforded by AMO platforms such as Rydberg and magnetic atoms, polar molecules, or trapped ions allows for the control over the temporal and spatial propagation of correlations for applications in quantum sensing and quantum simulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Bilitewski
- Department of Physics, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, USA
| | - Ana Maria Rey
- JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
- Center for Theory of Quantum Matter, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
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23
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Helson V, Zwettler T, Mivehvar F, Colella E, Roux K, Konishi H, Ritsch H, Brantut JP. Density-wave ordering in a unitary Fermi gas with photon-mediated interactions. Nature 2023:10.1038/s41586-023-06018-3. [PMID: 37225993 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06018-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
A density wave (DW) is a fundamental type of long-range order in quantum matter tied to self-organization into a crystalline structure. The interplay of DW order with superfluidity can lead to complex scenarios that pose a great challenge to theoretical analysis. In the past decades, tunable quantum Fermi gases have served as model systems for exploring the physics of strongly interacting fermions, including most notably magnetic ordering1, pairing and superfluidity2, and the crossover from a Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer superfluid to a Bose-Einstein condensate3. Here, we realize a Fermi gas featuring both strong, tunable contact interactions and photon-mediated, spatially structured long-range interactions in a transversely driven high-finesse optical cavity. Above a critical long-range interaction strength, DW order is stabilized in the system, which we identify via its superradiant light-scattering properties. We quantitatively measure the variation of the onset of DW order as the contact interaction is varied across the Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer superfluid and Bose-Einstein condensate crossover, in qualitative agreement with a mean-field theory. The atomic DW susceptibility varies over an order of magnitude upon tuning the strength and the sign of the long-range interactions below the self-ordering threshold, demonstrating independent and simultaneous control over the contact and long-range interactions. Therefore, our experimental setup provides a fully tunable and microscopically controllable platform for the experimental study of the interplay of superfluidity and DW order.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Helson
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Timo Zwettler
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Farokh Mivehvar
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Elvia Colella
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Kevin Roux
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Hideki Konishi
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Helmut Ritsch
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Jean-Philippe Brantut
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
- Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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24
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Geier KT, Martone GI, Hauke P, Ketterle W, Stringari S. Dynamics of Stripe Patterns in Supersolid Spin-Orbit-Coupled Bose Gases. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 130:156001. [PMID: 37115886 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.156001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Despite ground-breaking observations of supersolidity in spin-orbit-coupled Bose-Einstein condensates, until now the dynamics of the emerging spatially periodic density modulations has been vastly unexplored. Here, we demonstrate the nonrigidity of the density stripes in such a supersolid condensate and explore their dynamic behavior subject to spin perturbations. We show both analytically in infinite systems and numerically in the presence of a harmonic trap how spin waves affect the supersolid's density profile in the form of crystal waves, inducing oscillations of the periodicity as well as the orientation of the fringes. Both these features are well within reach of present-day experiments. Our results show that this system is a paradigmatic supersolid, featuring superfluidity in conjunction with a fully dynamic crystalline structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin T Geier
- Pitaevskii BEC Center, CNR-INO and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy
- Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Applications, INFN, 38123 Trento, Italy
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Philosophenweg 16, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Giovanni I Martone
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, Collège de France, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
- CNR NANOTEC, Institute of Nanotechnology, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Lecce, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Philipp Hauke
- Pitaevskii BEC Center, CNR-INO and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy
- Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Applications, INFN, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Wolfgang Ketterle
- MIT-Harvard Center for Ultracold Atoms, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Sandro Stringari
- Pitaevskii BEC Center, CNR-INO and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy
- Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Applications, INFN, 38123 Trento, Italy
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25
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Chen C, Bornet G, Bintz M, Emperauger G, Leclerc L, Liu VS, Scholl P, Barredo D, Hauschild J, Chatterjee S, Schuler M, Läuchli AM, Zaletel MP, Lahaye T, Yao NY, Browaeys A. Continuous symmetry breaking in a two-dimensional Rydberg array. Nature 2023; 616:691-695. [PMID: 36848931 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-05859-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
Spontaneous symmetry breaking underlies much of our classification of phases of matter and their associated transitions1-3. The nature of the underlying symmetry being broken determines many of the qualitative properties of the phase; this is illustrated by the case of discrete versus continuous symmetry breaking. Indeed, in contrast to the discrete case, the breaking of a continuous symmetry leads to the emergence of gapless Goldstone modes controlling, for instance, the thermodynamic stability of the ordered phase4,5. Here, we realize a two-dimensional dipolar XY model that shows a continuous spin-rotational symmetry using a programmable Rydberg quantum simulator. We demonstrate the adiabatic preparation of correlated low-temperature states of both the XY ferromagnet and the XY antiferromagnet. In the ferromagnetic case, we characterize the presence of a long-range XY order, a feature prohibited in the absence of long-range dipolar interaction. Our exploration of the many-body physics of XY interactions complements recent works using the Rydberg-blockade mechanism to realize Ising-type interactions showing discrete spin rotation symmetry6-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Chen
- Institute of Optics Graduate School, CNRS, Charles Fabry Laboratory, University of Paris-Saclay, Palaiseau Cedex, France
| | - Guillaume Bornet
- Institute of Optics Graduate School, CNRS, Charles Fabry Laboratory, University of Paris-Saclay, Palaiseau Cedex, France
| | - Marcus Bintz
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Gabriel Emperauger
- Institute of Optics Graduate School, CNRS, Charles Fabry Laboratory, University of Paris-Saclay, Palaiseau Cedex, France
| | - Lucas Leclerc
- Institute of Optics Graduate School, CNRS, Charles Fabry Laboratory, University of Paris-Saclay, Palaiseau Cedex, France
- PASQAL SAS, Massy, France
| | - Vincent S Liu
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Pascal Scholl
- Institute of Optics Graduate School, CNRS, Charles Fabry Laboratory, University of Paris-Saclay, Palaiseau Cedex, France
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Daniel Barredo
- Institute of Optics Graduate School, CNRS, Charles Fabry Laboratory, University of Paris-Saclay, Palaiseau Cedex, France
- Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology Research Center (CINN-CSIC), University of Oviedo (UO), El Entrego, Spain
| | - Johannes Hauschild
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
- Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology (MCQST), München, Germany
| | | | - Michael Schuler
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Andreas M Läuchli
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- Laboratory for Theoretical and Computational Physics, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland
- Institute of Physics, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Michael P Zaletel
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Thierry Lahaye
- Institute of Optics Graduate School, CNRS, Charles Fabry Laboratory, University of Paris-Saclay, Palaiseau Cedex, France
| | - Norman Y Yao
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Antoine Browaeys
- Institute of Optics Graduate School, CNRS, Charles Fabry Laboratory, University of Paris-Saclay, Palaiseau Cedex, France.
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26
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Yang Z, Chen H, Buren B, Chen M. Globally Accurate Gaussian Process Potential Energy Surface and Quantum Dynamics Studies on the Li(2S) + Na2 → LiNa + Na Reaction at Low Collision Energies. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28072938. [PMID: 37049701 PMCID: PMC10096016 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28072938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The LiNa2 reactive system has recently received great attention in the experimental study of ultracold chemical reactions, but the corresponding theoretical calculations have not been carried out. Here, we report the first globally accurate ground-state LiNa2 potential energy surface (PES) using a Gaussian process model based on only 1776 actively selected high-level ab initio training points. The constructed PES had high precision and strong generalization capability. On the new PES, the quantum dynamics calculations on the Li(2S) + Na2(v = 0, j = 0) → LiNa + Na reaction were carried out in the 0.001–0.01 eV collision energy range using an improved time-dependent wave packet method. The calculated results indicate that this reaction is dominated by a complex-forming mechanism at low collision energies. The presented dynamics data provide guidance for experimental research, and the newly constructed PES could be further used for ultracold reaction dynamics calculations on this reactive system.
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Klaus L, Bland T, Poli E, Politi C, Lamporesi G, Casotti E, Bisset RN, Mark MJ, Ferlaino F. Observation of vortices and vortex stripes in a dipolar condensate. NATURE PHYSICS 2022; 18:1453-1458. [PMID: 36506337 PMCID: PMC9726643 DOI: 10.1038/s41567-022-01793-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Quantized vortices are a prototypical feature of superfluidity that have been observed in multiple quantum gas experiments. But the occurrence of vortices in dipolar quantum gases-a class of ultracold gases characterized by long-range anisotropic interactions-has not been reported yet. Here we exploit the anisotropic nature of the dipole-dipole interaction of a dysprosium Bose-Einstein condensate to induce angular symmetry breaking in an otherwise cylindrically symmetric pancake-shaped trap. Tilting the magnetic field towards the radial plane deforms the cloud into an ellipsoid, which is then set into rotation. At stirring frequencies approaching the radial trap frequency, we observe the generation of dynamically unstable surface excitations, which cause angular momentum to be pumped into the system through vortices. Under continuous rotation, the vortices arrange into a stripe configuration along the field, in close agreement with numerical simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauritz Klaus
- Institut für Quantenoptik und Quanteninformation, Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Innsbruck, Austria
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Thomas Bland
- Institut für Quantenoptik und Quanteninformation, Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Innsbruck, Austria
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Elena Poli
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Claudia Politi
- Institut für Quantenoptik und Quanteninformation, Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Innsbruck, Austria
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Giacomo Lamporesi
- INO-CNR BEC Center and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento, Povo, Italy
| | - Eva Casotti
- Institut für Quantenoptik und Quanteninformation, Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Innsbruck, Austria
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Russell N. Bisset
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Manfred J. Mark
- Institut für Quantenoptik und Quanteninformation, Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Innsbruck, Austria
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Francesca Ferlaino
- Institut für Quantenoptik und Quanteninformation, Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Innsbruck, Austria
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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