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Huang Y, Chen T, Chen X, Chen X, Zhang J, Liu S, Lu M, Chen C, Ding X, Yang C, Huang R, Song Y. Decoding Biomechanical Cues Based on DNA Sensors. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2310330. [PMID: 38185740 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202310330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Biological systems perceive and respond to mechanical forces, generating mechanical cues to regulate life processes. Analyzing biomechanical forces has profound significance for understanding biological functions. Therefore, a series of molecular mechanical techniques have been developed, mainly including single-molecule force spectroscopy, traction force microscopy, and molecular tension sensor systems, which provide indispensable tools for advancing the field of mechanobiology. DNA molecules with a programmable structure and well-defined mechanical characteristics have attached much attention to molecular tension sensors as sensing elements, and are designed for the study of biomechanical forces to present biomechanical information with high sensitivity and resolution. In this work, a comprehensive overview of molecular mechanical technology is presented, with a particular focus on molecular tension sensor systems, specifically those based on DNA. Finally, the future development and challenges of DNA-based molecular tension sensor systems are looked upon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihao Huang
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, the Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, China
| | - Ting Chen
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, the Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, China
| | - Xiaodie Chen
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, the Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, China
| | - Ximing Chen
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, the Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, China
| | - Jialu Zhang
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, the Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, China
| | - Sinong Liu
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, the Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, China
| | - Menghao Lu
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, the Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, China
| | - Chong Chen
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, the Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, China
| | - Xiangyu Ding
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, the Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, China
| | - Chaoyong Yang
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, the Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, China
- Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Ruiyun Huang
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, the Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, China
| | - Yanling Song
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, the Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, China
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Blanchard AT. Can a bulky glycocalyx promote catch bonding in early integrin adhesion? Perhaps a bit. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 2024; 23:117-128. [PMID: 37704890 DOI: 10.1007/s10237-023-01762-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Many types of cancer cells overexpress bulky glycoproteins to form a thick glycocalyx layer. The glycocalyx physically separates the cell from its surroundings, but recent work has shown that the glycocalyx can paradoxically increase adhesion to soft tissues and therefore promote the metastasis of cancer cells. This surprising phenomenon occurs because the glycocalyx forces adhesion molecules (called integrins) on the cell's surface into clusters. These integrin clusters have cooperative effects that allow them to form stronger adhesions to surrounding tissues than would be possible with equivalent numbers of un-clustered integrins. These cooperative mechanisms have been intensely scrutinized in recent years. A more nuanced understanding of the biophysical underpinnings of glycocalyx-mediated adhesion could uncover therapeutic targets, deepen our general understanding of cancer metastasis, and elucidate general biophysical processes that extend far beyond the realm of cancer research. This work examines the hypothesis that the glycocalyx has the additional effect of increasing mechanical tension experienced by clustered integrins. Integrins function as mechanosensors that undergo catch bonding-meaning the application of moderate tension increases integrin bond lifetime relative to the lifetime of integrins experiencing low tension. In this work, a three-state chemomechanical catch bond model of integrin tension is used to investigate catch bonding in the presence of a bulky glycocalyx. A pseudo-steady-state approximation is applied, which relies on the assumption that integrin bond dynamics occur on a much faster timescale than the evolution of the full adhesion between the plasma membrane and the substrate. Force-dependent kinetic rate constants are used to calculate a steady-state distribution of integrin-ligand bonds for Gaussian-shaped adhesion geometries. The relationship between the energy of the system and adhesion geometry is then analyzed in the presence and absence of catch bonding in order to evaluate the extent to which catch bonding alters the energetics of adhesion formation. This modeling suggests that a bulky glycocalyx can lightly trigger catch bonding, increasing the bond lifetime of integrins at adhesion edges by up to 100%. The total number of integrin-ligand bonds within an adhesion is predicted to increase by up to ~ 60% for certain adhesion geometries. Catch bonding is predicted to decrease the activation energy of adhesion formation by ~ 1-4 kBT, which translates to a ~ 3-50 × increase in the kinetic rate of adhesion nucleation. This work reveals that integrin mechanics and clustering likely both contribute to glycocalyx-mediated metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron T Blanchard
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA.
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA.
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Grudtsyna V, Packirisamy S, Bidone TC, Swaminathan V. Extracellular matrix sensing via modulation of orientational order of integrins and F-actin in focal adhesions. Life Sci Alliance 2023; 6:e202301898. [PMID: 37463754 PMCID: PMC10355215 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202301898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Specificity of cellular responses to distinct cues from the ECM requires precise and sensitive decoding of physical information. However, how known mechanisms of mechanosensing like force-dependent catch bonds and conformational changes in FA proteins can confer that this sensitivity is not known. Using polarization microscopy and computational modeling, we identify dynamic changes in an orientational order of FA proteins as a molecular organizational mechanism that can fine-tune cell sensitivity to the ECM. We find that αV integrins and F-actin show precise changes in the orientational order in an ECM-mediated integrin activation-dependent manner. These changes are sensitive to ECM density and are regulated independent of myosin-II activity though contractility can enhance this sensitivity. A molecular-clutch model demonstrates that the orientational order of integrin-ECM binding coupled to directional catch bonds can capture cellular responses to changes in ECM density. This mechanism also captures decoupling of ECM density sensing from stiffness sensing thus elucidating specificity. Taken together, our results suggest relative geometric organization of FA molecules as an important molecular architectural feature and regulator of mechanotransduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeriia Grudtsyna
- Division of Oncology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Swathi Packirisamy
- Division of Oncology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Tamara C Bidone
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Vinay Swaminathan
- Division of Oncology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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Blanchard A. Can a bulky glycocalyx promote catch bonding in early integrin adhesion? Perhaps a bit. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.16.532909. [PMID: 36993661 PMCID: PMC10055170 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.16.532909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Many types of cancer overexpress bulky glycoproteins to form a thick glycocalyx layer. The glycocalyx physically separates the cell from its surroundings, but recent work has shown that the glycocalyx can paradoxically increase adhesion to soft tissues and therefore promote the metastasis of cancer cells. This surprising phenomenon occurs because the glycocalyx forces adhesion molecules (called integrins) on the cell's surface into clusters. These integrin clusters have cooperative effects that allow them to form stronger adhesions to surrounding tissues than would be possible with equivalent numbers of un-clustered integrins. These cooperative mechanisms have been intensely scrutinized in recent years; a more nuanced understanding of the biophysical underpinnings of glycocalyx-mediated adhesion could uncover therapeutic targets, deepen our general understanding of cancer metastasis, and elucidate general biophysical processes that extend far beyond the realm of cancer research. This work examines the hypothesis that the glycocalyx has the additional effect of increasing mechanical tension experienced by clustered integrins. Integrins function as mechanosensors that undergo catch bonding - meaning the application of moderate tension increases integrin bond lifetime relative to the lifetime of integrins experiencing low tension. In this work, a three-state chemomechanical catch bond model of integrin tension is used to investigate catch bonding in the presence of a bulky glycocalyx. This modeling suggests that a bulky glycocalyx can lightly trigger catch bonding, increasing the bond lifetime of integrins at adhesion edges by up to 100%. The total number of integrin-ligand bonds within an adhesion is predicted to increase by up to ~60% for certain adhesion geometries. Catch bonding is predicted to decrease the activation energy of adhesion formation by ~1-4 k B T, which translates to a ~3-50× increase in the kinetic rate of adhesion nucleation. This work reveals that integrin mechanic and clustering likely both contribute to glycocalyx-mediated metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Blanchard
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708 United States
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, United States
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5
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He Q, Liu Y, Li K, Wu Y, Wang T, Tan Y, Jiang T, Liu X, Liu Z. Deoxyribonucleic acid anchored on cell membranes for biomedical application. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:6691-6717. [PMID: 34494042 DOI: 10.1039/d1bm01057c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Engineering cellular membranes with functional molecules provides an attractive strategy to manipulate cellular behaviors and functionalities. Currently, synthetic deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) has emerged as a promising molecular tool to engineer cellular membranes for biomedical applications due to its molecular recognition and programmable properties. In this review, we summarized the recent advances in anchoring DNA on the cellular membranes and their applications. The strategies for anchoring DNA on cell membranes were summarized. Then their applications, such as immune response activation, receptor oligomerization regulation, membrane structure mimicking, cell-surface biosensing, and construction of cell clusters, were listed. The DNA-enabled intelligent systems which were able to sense stimuli such as DNA strands, light, and metal ions were highlighted. Finally, insights regarding the remaining challenges and possible future directions were provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qunye He
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan Province, P. R. China.
| | - Yanfei Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, Hunan Province, P. R. China
| | - Ke Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan Province, P. R. China.
| | - Yuwei Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan Province, P. R. China.
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan Province, P. R. China.
| | - Yifu Tan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, Hunan Province, P. R. China
| | - Ting Jiang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, Hunan Province, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoqin Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, Hunan Province, P. R. China
| | - Zhenbao Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan Province, P. R. China. .,Molecular Imaging Research Center of Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, P. R. China
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6
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Blanchard A, Combs JD, Brockman JM, Kellner AV, Glazier R, Su H, Bender RL, Bazrafshan AS, Chen W, Quach ME, Li R, Mattheyses AL, Salaita K. Turn-key mapping of cell receptor force orientation and magnitude using a commercial structured illumination microscope. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4693. [PMID: 34344862 PMCID: PMC8333341 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24602-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Many cellular processes, including cell division, development, and cell migration require spatially and temporally coordinated forces transduced by cell-surface receptors. Nucleic acid-based molecular tension probes allow one to visualize the piconewton (pN) forces applied by these receptors. Building on this technology, we recently developed molecular force microscopy (MFM) which uses fluorescence polarization to map receptor force orientation with diffraction-limited resolution (~250 nm). Here, we show that structured illumination microscopy (SIM), a super-resolution technique, can be used to perform super-resolution MFM. Using SIM-MFM, we generate the highest resolution maps of both the magnitude and orientation of the pN traction forces applied by cells. We apply SIM-MFM to map platelet and fibroblast integrin forces, as well as T cell receptor forces. Using SIM-MFM, we show that platelet traction force alignment occurs on a longer timescale than adhesion. Importantly, SIM-MFM can be implemented on any standard SIM microscope without hardware modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Blanchard
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - J Dale Combs
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Joshua M Brockman
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Anna V Kellner
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Roxanne Glazier
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Hanquan Su
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | | | - Wenchun Chen
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - M Edward Quach
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Renhao Li
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Alexa L Mattheyses
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Khalid Salaita
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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Blanchard AT. Burnt bridge ratchet motor force scales linearly with polyvalency: a computational study. SOFT MATTER 2021; 17:6056-6062. [PMID: 34151336 DOI: 10.1039/d1sm00676b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Nano- and micro-scale burnt bridge ratchet motors, which translocate via "guide" molecules that bind to and degrade a field of "fuel" molecules, have recently emerged in several biological and engineering contexts. The capacity of these motors to generate mechanical forces remains an open question. Here, chemomechanical modeling suggests that BBR force scales linearly with the steady-state number of guide-fuel bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron T Blanchard
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA and Michigan Society of Fellows, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.
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