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Osses Vecchi A, Varnet L, Carney LH, Dau T, Bruce IC, Verhulst S, Majdak P. A comparative study of eight human auditory models of monaural processing. ACTA ACUSTICA. EUROPEAN ACOUSTICS ASSOCIATION 2022; 6:17. [PMID: 36325461 PMCID: PMC9625898 DOI: 10.1051/aacus/2022008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
A number of auditory models have been developed using diverging approaches, either physiological or perceptual, but they share comparable stages of signal processing, as they are inspired by the same constitutive parts of the auditory system. We compare eight monaural models that are openly accessible in the Auditory Modelling Toolbox. We discuss the considerations required to make the model outputs comparable to each other, as well as the results for the following model processing stages or their equivalents: Outer and middle ear, cochlear filter bank, inner hair cell, auditory nerve synapse, cochlear nucleus, and inferior colliculus. The discussion includes a list of recommendations for future applications of auditory models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Osses Vecchi
- Laboratoire des systèmes perceptifs, Département d’études cognitives, École Normale Supérieure, PSL University, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France
- Corresponding author:
| | - Léo Varnet
- Laboratoire des systèmes perceptifs, Département d’études cognitives, École Normale Supérieure, PSL University, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Laurel H. Carney
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Neuroscience, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Torsten Dau
- Hearing Systems Section, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Ian C. Bruce
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Sarah Verhulst
- Hearing Technology group, WAVES, Department of Information Technology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Piotr Majdak
- Acoustics Research Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1040 Vienna, Austria
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Kurenkov A, DuttaGupta S, Zhang C, Fukami S, Horio Y, Ohno H. Artificial Neuron and Synapse Realized in an Antiferromagnet/Ferromagnet Heterostructure Using Dynamics of Spin-Orbit Torque Switching. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1900636. [PMID: 30989740 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201900636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Efficient information processing in the human brain is achieved by dynamics of neurons and synapses, motivating effective implementation of artificial spiking neural networks. Here, the dynamics of spin-orbit torque switching in antiferromagnet/ferromagnet heterostructures is studied to show the capability of the material system to form artificial neurons and synapses for asynchronous spiking neural networks. The magnetization switching, driven by a single current pulse or trains of pulses, is examined as a function of the pulse width (1 s to 1 ns), amplitude, number, and pulse-to-pulse interval. Based on this dynamics and the unique ability of the system to exhibit binary or analog behavior depending on the device size, key functionalities of a synapse (spike-timing-dependent plasticity) and a neuron (leaky integrate-and-fire) are reproduced in the same material and on the basis of the same working principle. These results open a way toward spintronics-based neuromorphic hardware that executes cognitive tasks with the efficiency of the human brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandr Kurenkov
- Laboratory for Nanoelectronics and Spintronics, Research Institute of Electrical Communication, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan
- Center for Science and Innovation in Spintronics (Core Research Cluster), Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan
- Center for Spintronics Research Network, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan
| | - Samik DuttaGupta
- Laboratory for Nanoelectronics and Spintronics, Research Institute of Electrical Communication, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan
- Center for Science and Innovation in Spintronics (Core Research Cluster), Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan
- Center for Spintronics Research Network, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan
- Center for Spintronics Integrated Systems, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan
| | - Chaoliang Zhang
- Laboratory for Nanoelectronics and Spintronics, Research Institute of Electrical Communication, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan
- Center for Spintronics Integrated Systems, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan
- Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
- Center for Innovative Integrated Electronic Systems, Tohoku University, 468-1 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-0845, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Fukami
- Laboratory for Nanoelectronics and Spintronics, Research Institute of Electrical Communication, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan
- Center for Science and Innovation in Spintronics (Core Research Cluster), Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan
- Center for Spintronics Research Network, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan
- Center for Spintronics Integrated Systems, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan
- Center for Innovative Integrated Electronic Systems, Tohoku University, 468-1 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-0845, Japan
- WPI Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Horio
- Laboratory for Nanoelectronics and Spintronics, Research Institute of Electrical Communication, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan
| | - Hideo Ohno
- Laboratory for Nanoelectronics and Spintronics, Research Institute of Electrical Communication, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan
- Center for Science and Innovation in Spintronics (Core Research Cluster), Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan
- Center for Spintronics Research Network, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan
- Center for Spintronics Integrated Systems, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan
- Center for Innovative Integrated Electronic Systems, Tohoku University, 468-1 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-0845, Japan
- WPI Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan
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Bouse J, Vencovský V, Rund F, Marsalek P. Functional rate-code models of the auditory brainstem for predicting lateralization and discrimination data of human binaural perception. THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2019; 145:1. [PMID: 30710916 DOI: 10.1121/1.5084264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents a rate-code model of binaural interaction inspired by recent neurophysiological findings. The model consists of a peripheral part and a binaural part. The binaural part is composed of models of the medial superior olive (MSO) and the lateral superior olive (LSO), which are parts of the auditory brainstem. The MSO and LSO model outputs are preprocessed in the interaural time difference (ITD) and interaural level difference (ILD) central stages, respectively, which give absolute values of the predicted lateralization at their outputs, allowing a direct comparison with psychophysical data. The predictions obtained with the MSO and LSO models are compared with subjective data on the lateralization of pure tones and narrowband noises, discrimination of the ITD and ILD, and discrimination of the phase warp. The lateralization and discrimination experiments show good agreement with the subjective data. In the case of the phase-warp experiment, the models agree qualitatively with the subjective data. The results demonstrate that rate-code models of MSO and LSO can be used to explain psychophysical data considering lateralization and discrimination based on binaural cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaroslav Bouse
- Department of Radioelectronics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, 166 27, Czech Republic
| | - Václav Vencovský
- Department of Radioelectronics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, 166 27, Czech Republic
| | - František Rund
- Department of Radioelectronics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, 166 27, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Marsalek
- Department of Radioelectronics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, 166 27, Czech Republic
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Moncada-Torres A, Joshi SN, Prokopiou A, Wouters J, Epp B, Francart T. A framework for computational modelling of interaural time difference discrimination of normal and hearing-impaired listeners. THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2018; 144:940. [PMID: 30180705 DOI: 10.1121/1.5051322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Different computational models have been developed to study the interaural time difference (ITD) perception. However, only few have used a physiologically inspired architecture to study ITD discrimination. Furthermore, they do not include aspects of hearing impairment. In this work, a framework was developed to predict ITD thresholds in listeners with normal and impaired hearing. It combines the physiologically inspired model of the auditory periphery proposed by Zilany, Bruce, Nelson, and Carney [(2009). J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 126(5), 2390-2412] as a front end with a coincidence detection stage and a neurometric decision device as a back end. It was validated by comparing its predictions against behavioral data for narrowband stimuli from literature. The framework is able to model ITD discrimination of normal-hearing and hearing-impaired listeners at a group level. Additionally, it was used to explore the effect of different proportions of outer- and inner-hair cell impairment on ITD discrimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arturo Moncada-Torres
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, ExpORL, Herestraat 49, Bus 721, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Suyash N Joshi
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Hearing Systems, Technical University of Denmark, Ørsteds Plads, Building 352, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Andreas Prokopiou
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, ExpORL, Herestraat 49, Bus 721, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jan Wouters
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, ExpORL, Herestraat 49, Bus 721, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bastian Epp
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Hearing Systems, Technical University of Denmark, Ørsteds Plads, Building 352, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Tom Francart
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, ExpORL, Herestraat 49, Bus 721, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
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