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Friedrich LM, Woodcock JW. Filament Disturbance and Fusion during Embedded 3D Printing of Silicones. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2024. [PMID: 39235368 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.4c01014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/06/2024]
Abstract
Embedded 3D printing (EMB3D) is an additive manufacturing technique that enables complex fabrication of soft materials including tissues and silicones. In EMB3D, a nozzle writes continuous filaments into a support bath consisting of a yield stress fluid. Lack of fusion defects between filaments can occur because the nozzle pushes support fluid into existing filaments, preventing coalescence. Interfacial tension was previously proposed as a tool to drive interfilament fusion. However, interfacial tension can also drive rupture and shrinkage of printed filaments. Here, we evaluate the efficacy of interfacial tension as a tool to control defects in EMB3D. Using polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)-based inks with varying amounts of fumed silica and surfactant, printed into Laponite in water supports, we evaluate the effect of rheology, interfacial tension, print speeds, and interfilament spacings on defects. We print pairs of parallel filaments at varying orientations in the bath and use digital image analysis to quantify shrinkage, rupture, fusion, and positioning defects. By comparing disturbed filaments to printed pairs of filaments, we disentangle the effects of nozzle movement and filament extrusion. Critically, we find that capillary instabilities and interfilament fusion scale with the balance between support rheology and interfacial tension. Less viscous supports and higher interfacial tensions lead to more shrinkage and rupture at all points in the printing process, from relaxation after writing, to disturbance of the line, to writing of a second line. It is necessary to overextrude material to achieve interfilament fusion, particularly at high support viscosities and low interfacial tensions. Finally, fusion quality varies with printing orientation, and writing neighboring filaments causes displacement of existing structures. As such, specialized slicers are needed for EMB3D that consider the tighter spacings and orientation-dependent spacings necessary to achieve precise control over printed shapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leanne M Friedrich
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Jeremiah W Woodcock
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
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2
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Amin R, Hossaeini Marashi SM, Reza Noori SM, Alavi Z, Dehghani E, Maleki R, Safdarian M, Rocky A, Berizi E, Amin Alemohammad SM, Zamanpour S, Ali Noori SM. Medical, pharmaceutical, and nutritional applications of 3D-printing technology in diabetes. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2024; 18:103002. [PMID: 38615569 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2024.103002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
AIMS Despite numerous studies covering the various features of three-dimensional printing (3D printing) technology, and its applications in food science and disease treatment, no study has yet been conducted to investigate applying 3D printing in diabetes. Therefore, the present study centers on the utilization and impact of 3D printing technology in relation to the nutritional, pharmaceutical, and medicinal facets of diabetes management. It highlights the latest advancements, and challenges in this field. METHODS In this review, the articles focusing on the application and effect of 3D printing technology on medical, pharmaceutical, and nutritional aspects of diabetes management were collected from different databases. RESULT High precision of 3D printing in the placement of cells led to accurate anatomic control, and the possibility of bio-printing pancreas and β-cells. Transdermal drug delivery via 3D-printed microneedle (MN) patches was beneficial for the management of diabetes disease. 3D printing supported personalized medicine for Diabetes Mellitus (DM). For instance, it made it possible for pharmaceutical companies to manufacture unique doses of medications for every diabetic patient. Moreover, 3D printing allowed the food industry to produce high-fiber and sugar-free products for the individuals with DM. CONCLUSIONS In summary, applying 3D printing technology for diabetes management is in its early stages, and needs to be matured and developed to be safely used for humans. However, its rapid progress in recent years showed a bright future for the treatment of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Amin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Sayed Mahdi Hossaeini Marashi
- College of Engineering, Design and Physical Sciences Michael Sterling Building (MCST 055), Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UB8 3PH, United Kingdom; School of Physics, Engineering and Computer Science, Centre for Engineering Research, University of Hertfordshire, Mosquito Way, Hatfield AL10 9EU, United Kingdom
| | - Seyyed Mohammad Reza Noori
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiation Sciences, School of Paramedicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Zeinab Alavi
- Department of Nutrition, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Elaheh Dehghani
- Department of Nutrition, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Reyhaneh Maleki
- Department of Nutrition, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Safdarian
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Arash Rocky
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Windsor, Canada
| | - Enayat Berizi
- Nutrition Research Center, Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Setayesh Zamanpour
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Deputy of Food and Drug, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Seyyed Mohammad Ali Noori
- Toxicology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
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3
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A L, Elsen R, Nayak S. Artificial Intelligence-Based 3D Printing Strategies for Bone Scaffold Fabrication and Its Application in Preclinical and Clinical Investigations. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2024; 10:677-696. [PMID: 38252807 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c01368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
3D printing has become increasingly popular in the field of bone tissue engineering. However, the mechanical properties, biocompatibility, and porosity of the 3D printed bone scaffolds are major requirements for tissue regeneration and implantation as well. Designing the scaffold architecture in accordance with the need to create better mechanical and biological stimuli is necessary to achieve unique scaffold properties. To accomplish this, different 3D designing strategies can be utilized with the help of the scaffold design library and artificial intelligence (AI). The implementation of AI to assist the 3D printing process can enable it to predict, adapt, and control the parameters on its own, which lowers the risk of errors. This Review emphasizes 3D design and fabrication of bone scaffold using different materials and the use of AI-aided 3D printing strategies. Also, the adaption of AI to 3D printing helps to develop patient-specific scaffolds based on different requirements, thus providing feedback and adequate data for reproducibility, which can be improvised in the future. These printed scaffolds can also serve as an alternative to preclinical animal test models to cut costs and prevent immunological interference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Logeshwaran A
- School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Katpadi, Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632014, India
| | - Renold Elsen
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Katpadi, Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632014, India
| | - Sunita Nayak
- School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Katpadi, Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632014, India
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Kyser AJ, Fotouh B, Mahmoud MY, Frieboes HB. Rising role of 3D-printing in delivery of therapeutics for infectious disease. J Control Release 2024; 366:349-365. [PMID: 38182058 PMCID: PMC10923108 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.12.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
Modern drug delivery to tackle infectious disease has drawn close to personalizing medicine for specific patient populations. Challenges include antibiotic-resistant infections, healthcare associated infections, and customizing treatments for local patient populations. Recently, 3D-printing has become a facilitator for the development of personalized pharmaceutic drug delivery systems. With a variety of manufacturing techniques, 3D-printing offers advantages in drug delivery development for controlled, fine-tuned release and platforms for different routes of administration. This review summarizes 3D-printing techniques in pharmaceutics and drug delivery focusing on treating infectious diseases, and discusses the influence of 3D-printing design considerations on drug delivery platforms targeting these diseases. Additionally, applications of 3D-printing in infectious diseases are summarized, with the goal to provide insight into how future delivery innovations may benefit from 3D-printing to address the global challenges in infectious disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony J Kyser
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Louisville Speed School of Engineering, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.
| | - Bassam Fotouh
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Louisville Speed School of Engineering, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.
| | - Mohamed Y Mahmoud
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Louisville Speed School of Engineering, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; Department of Toxicology and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt.
| | - Hermann B Frieboes
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Louisville Speed School of Engineering, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; Center for Predictive Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; UofL Health - Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, KY 40202, USA.
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5
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Bose S, Sarkar N, Jo Y. Natural medicine delivery from 3D printed bone substitutes. J Control Release 2024; 365:848-875. [PMID: 37734674 PMCID: PMC11147672 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Unmet medical needs in treating critical-size bone defects have led to the development of numerous innovative bone tissue engineering implants. Although additive manufacturing allows flexible patient-specific treatments by modifying topological properties with various materials, the development of ideal bone implants that aid new tissue regeneration and reduce post-implantation bone disorders has been limited. Natural biomolecules are gaining the attention of the health industry due to their excellent safety profiles, providing equivalent or superior performances when compared to more expensive growth factors and synthetic drugs. Supplementing additive manufacturing with natural biomolecules enables the design of novel multifunctional bone implants that provide controlled biochemical delivery for bone tissue engineering applications. Controlled release of naturally derived biomolecules from a three-dimensional (3D) printed implant may improve implant-host tissue integration, new bone formation, bone healing, and blood vessel growth. The present review introduces us to the current progress and limitations of 3D printed bone implants with drug delivery capabilities, followed by an in-depth discussion on cutting-edge technologies for incorporating natural medicinal compounds embedded within the 3D printed scaffolds or on implant surfaces, highlighting their applications in several pre- and post-implantation bone-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susmita Bose
- W. M. Keck Biomedical Materials Research Laboratory, School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, United States.
| | - Naboneeta Sarkar
- W. M. Keck Biomedical Materials Research Laboratory, School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, United States
| | - Yongdeok Jo
- W. M. Keck Biomedical Materials Research Laboratory, School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, United States
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6
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Aggarwal K, Nagpal K. Three-Dimensional Printing as a Progressive Innovative Tool for Customized and Precise Drug Delivery. Crit Rev Ther Drug Carrier Syst 2024; 41:95-130. [PMID: 38037821 DOI: 10.1615/critrevtherdrugcarriersyst.2023046832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
While using three-dimensional printing, materials are deposited layer by layer in accordance with the digital model created by computer-aided design software. Numerous research teams have shown interest in this technology throughout the last few decades to produce various dosage forms in the pharmaceutical industry. The number of publications has increased since the first printed medicine was approved in 2015 by Food and Drug Administration. Considering this, the idea of creating complex, custom-made structures that are loaded with pharmaceuticals for tissue engineering and dose optimization is particularly intriguing. New approaches and techniques for creating unique medication delivery systems are made possible by the development of additive manufacturing keeping in mind the comparative advantages it has over conventional methods of manufacturing medicaments. This review focuses on three-dimensional printed formulations grouped in orally disintegrated tablets, buccal films, implants, suppositories, and microneedles. The various types of techniques that are involved in it are summarized. Additionally, challenges and applications related to three-dimensional printing of pharmaceuticals are also being discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirti Aggarwal
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Uttar Pradesh, Noida, AUUP
| | - Kalpana Nagpal
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, UP-201303, India
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7
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Elumalai A, Nayak Y, Ganapathy AK, Chen D, Tappa K, Jammalamadaka U, Bishop G, Ballard DH. Reverse Engineering and 3D Printing of Medical Devices for Drug Delivery and Drug-Embedded Anatomic Implants. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4306. [PMID: 37959986 PMCID: PMC10647997 DOI: 10.3390/polym15214306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, 3D printing (3DP) has advanced traditional medical treatments. This review explores the fusion of reverse engineering and 3D printing of medical implants, with a specific focus on drug delivery applications. The potential for 3D printing technology to create patient-specific implants and intricate anatomical models is discussed, along with its ability to address challenges in medical treatment. The article summarizes the current landscape, challenges, benefits, and emerging trends of using 3D-printed formulations for medical implantation and drug delivery purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anusha Elumalai
- 3D Printing Lab, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; (A.E.); (Y.N.); (A.K.G.); (D.C.)
| | - Yash Nayak
- 3D Printing Lab, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; (A.E.); (Y.N.); (A.K.G.); (D.C.)
| | - Aravinda K. Ganapathy
- 3D Printing Lab, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; (A.E.); (Y.N.); (A.K.G.); (D.C.)
| | - David Chen
- 3D Printing Lab, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; (A.E.); (Y.N.); (A.K.G.); (D.C.)
| | - Karthik Tappa
- Department of Breast Imaging, Division of Diagnostic Imaging, The University of Texas, 7000 Fannin Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | | | - Grace Bishop
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA;
| | - David H. Ballard
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA;
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8
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Alogla A. Enhancing antioxidant delivery through 3D printing: a pathway to advanced therapeutic strategies. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1256361. [PMID: 37860625 PMCID: PMC10583562 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1256361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The rapid advancement of 3D printing has transformed industries, including medicine and pharmaceuticals. Integrating antioxidants into 3D-printed structures offers promising therapeutic strategies for enhanced antioxidant delivery. This review explores the synergistic relationship between 3D printing and antioxidants, focusing on the design and fabrication of antioxidant-loaded constructs. Incorporating antioxidants into 3D-printed matrices enables controlled release and localized delivery, improving efficacy while minimizing side effects. Customization of physical and chemical properties allows tailoring of antioxidant release kinetics, distribution, and degradation profiles. Encapsulation techniques such as direct mixing, coating, and encapsulation are discussed. Material selection, printing parameters, and post-processing methods significantly influence antioxidant release kinetics and stability. Applications include wound healing, tissue regeneration, drug delivery, and personalized medicine. This comprehensive review aims to provide insights into 3D printing-assisted antioxidant delivery systems, facilitating advancements in medicine and improved patient outcomes for oxidative stress-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ageel Alogla
- Industrial Engineering Department, College of Engineering (AlQunfudhah), Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca, Saudi Arabia
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9
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Doganay MT, Chelliah CJ, Tozluyurt A, Hujer AM, Obaro SK, Gurkan U, Patel R, Bonomo RA, Draz M. 3D Printed Materials for Combating Antimicrobial Resistance. MATERIALS TODAY (KIDLINGTON, ENGLAND) 2023; 67:371-398. [PMID: 37790286 PMCID: PMC10545363 DOI: 10.1016/j.mattod.2023.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) printing is a rapidly growing technology with a significant capacity for translational applications in both biology and medicine. 3D-printed living and non-living materials are being widely tested as a potential replacement for conventional solutions for testing and combating antimicrobial resistance (AMR). The precise control of cells and their microenvironment, while simulating the complexity and dynamics of an in vivo environment, provides an excellent opportunity to advance the modeling and treatment of challenging infections and other health conditions. 3D-printing models the complicated niches of microbes and host-pathogen interactions, and most importantly, how microbes develop resistance to antibiotics. In addition, 3D-printed materials can be applied to testing and delivering antibiotics. Here, we provide an overview of 3D printed materials and biosystems and their biomedical applications, focusing on ever increasing AMR. Recent applications of 3D printing to alleviate the impact of AMR, including developed bioprinted systems, targeted bacterial infections, and tested antibiotics are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mert Tunca Doganay
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Cyril John Chelliah
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Abdullah Tozluyurt
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Andrea M Hujer
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Research Service, Louis Stokes Cleveland Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | | | - Umut Gurkan
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Robin Patel
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology and Division of Public Health, Infectious Diseases, and Occupational medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Robert A Bonomo
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Research Service, Louis Stokes Cleveland Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
- CWRU-Cleveland VAMC Center for Antimicrobial Resistance and Epidemiology (Case VA CARES) Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Mohamed Draz
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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10
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Mazarura KR, Kumar P, Choonara YE. Customised 3D printed multi-drug systems: An effective and efficient approach to polypharmacy. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2022; 19:1149-1163. [PMID: 36059243 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2022.2121816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Combination therapies continue to improve therapeutic outcomes as currently achieved by polypharmacy. Since the introduction of the polypill, there has been a significant improvement in adherence and patient outcomes. However, the mass production of polypills presents a number of technical, formulation, and clinical challenges. The current one-size-fits-all approach ignores the unique clinical demands of patients, necessitating the adoption of a more versatile tool. That will be the novel, but not so novel, 3D printing. AREAS COVERED : The present review investigates this promising paradigm shift from one medication for all, to customised medicines, providing an overview of the current state of 3D-printed multi-active pharmaceutical forms, techniques applied and printing materials. Details on cost implications, as well as potential limitations and challenges are also elaborated. EXPERT OPINION : 3D printing of multi-active systems, is not only beneficial but also essential. With growing interest in this field, a shift in manufacturing, prescribing, and administration patterns is at this point, unavoidable. Addressing limitations and challenges, as well as data presentation on clinical trial results, will aid in the acceleration of this technology's implementation. However, it is clear that 3D printing is not the end of it, as evidenced by the emerging 4D printing technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kundai R Mazarura
- Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 7 York Road, Parktown, 2193, South Africa
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 7 York Road, Parktown, 2193, South Africa
| | - Yahya E Choonara
- Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 7 York Road, Parktown, 2193, South Africa
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11
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Wang Y, Müllertz A, Rantanen J. Additive Manufacturing of Solid Products for Oral Drug Delivery Using Binder Jetting Three-Dimensional Printing. AAPS PharmSciTech 2022; 23:196. [PMID: 35835970 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-022-02321-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Binder jetting (BJ) three-dimensional (3D) printing is becoming an established additive manufacturing technology for manufacturing of solid products for oral drug delivery. Similar to traditional solutions based on compaction of powder mixture, successful processing of BJ products requires control of bulk powder properties. In contrast to traditional compaction-based process, BJ 3D printing allows for flexible modifications on microstructure, material composition and dose in the printed pharmaceutical products. Currently, systematic strategies for selecting excipients and optimizing the printing process have not been fully established. To address this challenge, a summary of the published work and selected patent literature around BJ 3D printing to fabricate pharmaceutical solid products for oral administration purposes is presented. First, an overview of characteristics of printed products as a part of the product design and a description of the commonly used excipients and active pharmaceutical ingredients is given. The critical powder and ink properties, as well as physical geometries and inner structures of a final product, are discussed in term of the mechanisms that determine the formation of a printed solid product and finally the quality of this product. This review is also summarizing the technical features of printers, printheads, and the critical considerations for post-processing procedures. BJ 3D printing is one of the most promising additive manufacturing technologies for mass customization of pharmaceutical products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingya Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Mille International ApS, Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Anette Müllertz
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jukka Rantanen
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Bácskay I, Ujhelyi Z, Fehér P, Arany P. The Evolution of the 3D-Printed Drug Delivery Systems: A Review. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14071312. [PMID: 35890208 PMCID: PMC9318419 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14071312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the appearance of the 3D printing in the 1980s it has revolutionized many research fields including the pharmaceutical industry. The main goal is to manufacture complex, personalized products in a low-cost manufacturing process on-demand. In the last few decades, 3D printing has attracted the attention of numerous research groups for the manufacturing of different drug delivery systems. Since the 2015 approval of the first 3D-printed drug product, the number of publications has multiplied. In our review, we focused on summarizing the evolution of the produced drug delivery systems in the last 20 years and especially in the last 5 years. The drug delivery systems are sub-grouped into tablets, capsules, orodispersible films, implants, transdermal delivery systems, microneedles, vaginal drug delivery systems, and micro- and nanoscale dosage forms. Our classification may provide guidance for researchers to more easily examine the publications and to find further research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ildikó Bácskay
- Healthcare Industry Institute, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei körút 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei körút 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Ujhelyi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei körút 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Pálma Fehér
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei körút 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Petra Arany
- Healthcare Industry Institute, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei körút 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
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13
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Fabrication and evaluation of customized implantable drug delivery system for orthopedic therapy based on 3D printing technologies. Int J Pharm 2022; 618:121679. [PMID: 35314275 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.121679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
A customized implantable drug delivery system with the dual functions of playing a supporting role and providing continuous bacteriostasis is of great importance during the treatment of bone defect diseases. The main objective of this study was to explore the potential of using three-dimensional (3D) printing technologies to fabricate customized implants. Ciprofloxacin hydrochloride (Cipro) was chosen as the model drug, and two printing technologies, semisolid extrusion (SSE) and fused deposition modeling (FDM) were introduced. Six kinds of implants with customized irregular shapes were printed via FDM technology. Two kinds of implants with customized dosages were constructed via SSE technology. In addition, three kinds of implants with customized internal structures were produced via FDM and SSE technologies. The data for morphology, dimensions and mechanical properties demonstrated satisfactory printability and good printing accuracy when applying SSE and FDM technologies to produce the customized implants. The dissolution curves indicated that the desired customized drug release could be achieved by designing the specific internal structures. The biocompatibility examination showed that the printed implants possessed outstanding biocompatibility. In conclusion, all results suggested that 3D printing technologies provide a feasible method and novel strategy to fabricate customized implantable drug delivery systems.
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The Development of Innovative Dosage Forms of the Fixed-Dose Combination of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14040834. [PMID: 35456668 PMCID: PMC9025674 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14040834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of innovative forms of combination drugs is closely related to the invention of the multilayer tablet press, polymers for pharmaceutical applications, the hot-melt extrusion process, and 3D printing in the pharmaceutical industry. However, combining multiple drugs within the same dosage form can bring many physicochemical and pharmacodynamic interactions. More and more new forms of fixed-dose combinations (FDCs) have been developed due to work to overcome the incompatibility of active substances or to obtain different drug release profiles in the same dosage form. This review provides discussions of the application of various innovation formulation technologies of FDC drugs such as bilayer system, multilayer tablet, active film coating, hot-melt extrusion, and 3D printing, taking into account the characteristics of the key ingredients in the FDC formulation and presenting technological problems and challenges related to the development of combination drugs. Moreover, the article summarizes the range of dosage forms that have been made using these technologies over the past 30 years.
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15
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Cui M, Pan H, Fang D, Sun H, Pan W. 3D printed personalized amikacin sulfate local drug delivery system for bone defect therapy. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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16
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Kumari G, Abhishek K, Singh S, Hussain A, Altamimi MA, Madhyastha H, Webster TJ, Dev A. A voyage from 3D to 4D printing in nanomedicine and healthcare: part II. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2022; 17:255-270. [PMID: 35109687 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2021-0454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent advancements in biomedical tissue engineering are gaining wide interest. Implementing biology of living cells and organisms using technological solutions such as incorporating 4D printing and bioprinting for tissue regeneration/tissue repair, organ regeneration, early diagnosis of deadly diseases (particularly cancer, cardiac disorders and tuberculosis) has successfully opened a new generation of biomedical research. The present review primarily addresses the clinical application of 4D printing and bioprinting techniques for applications such as early detection of diseases and drug delivery. Notably, this review continues the discussion from part I regarding published informative data, in vitro and in vivo findings, commercial biosensors for early disease diagnosis, drug delivery and current challenges in 4D printing/bioprinting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gourvi Kumari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 835215, India
| | - Kumar Abhishek
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 835215, India
| | - Sneha Singh
- Department of Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 835215, India
| | - Afzal Hussain
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad A Altamimi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Harishkumar Madhyastha
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, 889 1692, Japan
| | - Thomas J Webster
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Abhimanyu Dev
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 835215, India
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17
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Mohapatra S, Kar RK, Biswal PK, Bindhani S. Approaches of 3D printing in current drug delivery. SENSORS INTERNATIONAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sintl.2021.100146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
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18
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Hua L, Qian H, Lei T, Liu W, He X, Zhang Y, Lei P, Hu Y. Anti-tuberculosis drug delivery for tuberculous bone defects. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2021; 18:1815-1827. [PMID: 34758697 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2021.2005576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Traditional therapy methods for treating tuberculous bone defects have several limitations. Furthermore, systemic toxicity and disease recurrence in tuberculosis (TB) have not been effectively addressed. AREAS COVERED This review is based on references from September 1998 to September 2021 and summarizes the classification and drug-loading methods of anti-TB drugs. The application of different types of biological scaffolds loaded with anti-TB drugs as a novel drug delivery strategy for tuberculous bone defects has been deeply analyzed. Furthermore, the limitations of the existing studies are summarized. EXPERT OPINION Loading anti-TB drugs into the scaffold through various drug-loading techniques can effectively improve the efficiency of anti-TB treatment and provide an effective means of treating tuberculous bone defects. This methodology also has good application prospects and provides directions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Hua
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Hunan Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Metal and Ceramic Implants, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China.,Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital,Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P. R. China.,Department of orthopedics,The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, P. R. China
| | - Hu Qian
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Hunan Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Metal and Ceramic Implants, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Ting Lei
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Hunan Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Metal and Ceramic Implants, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Wenbin Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Hunan Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Metal and Ceramic Implants, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Xi He
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Hunan Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Metal and Ceramic Implants, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Hunan Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Metal and Ceramic Implants, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Pengfei Lei
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Hunan Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Metal and Ceramic Implants, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China.,Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital,Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yihe Hu
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Hunan Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Metal and Ceramic Implants, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China.,Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital,Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P. R. China
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19
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Pinho LAG, Gratieri T, Gelfuso GM, Marreto RN, Cunha-Filho M. Three-dimensional printed personalized drug devices with anatomical fit: a review. J Pharm Pharmacol 2021; 74:1391-1405. [PMID: 34665263 DOI: 10.1093/jpp/rgab146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Three-dimensional printing (3DP) has opened the era of drug personalization, promising to revolutionize the pharmaceutical field with improvements in efficacy, safety and compliance of the treatments. As a result of these investigations, a vast therapeutic field has opened for 3DP-loaded drug devices with an anatomical fit. Along these lines, innovative dosage forms, unimaginable until recently, can be obtained. This review explores 3DP-engineered drug devices described in recent research articles, as well as in patented inventions, and even devices already produced by 3DP with drug-loading potential. KEY FINDINGS 3D drug-loaded stents, implants and prostheses are reviewed, along with devices produced to fit hard-to-attach body parts such as nasal masks, vaginal rings or mouthguards. The most promising 3DP techniques for such devices and the complementary technologies surrounding these inventions are also discussed, particularly the scanners useful for mapping body parts. Health regulatory concerns regarding the new use of such technology are also analysed. SUMMARY The scenario discussed in this review shows that for wearable 3DP drug devices to become a tangible reality to users, it will be necessary to overcome the existing regulatory barriers, create new interfaces with electronic systems and improve the mapping mechanisms of body surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludmila A G Pinho
- Laboratory of Food, Drug, and Cosmetics (LTMAC), School of Health Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Tais Gratieri
- Laboratory of Food, Drug, and Cosmetics (LTMAC), School of Health Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Guilherme M Gelfuso
- Laboratory of Food, Drug, and Cosmetics (LTMAC), School of Health Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Neves Marreto
- Laboratory of Nanosystems and Drug Delivery Devices (NanoSYS), School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Marcilio Cunha-Filho
- Laboratory of Food, Drug, and Cosmetics (LTMAC), School of Health Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasília, DF, Brazil
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20
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Gao G, Ahn M, Cho WW, Kim BS, Cho DW. 3D Printing of Pharmaceutical Application: Drug Screening and Drug Delivery. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1373. [PMID: 34575448 PMCID: PMC8465948 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13091373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Advances in three-dimensional (3D) printing techniques and the development of tailored biomaterials have facilitated the precise fabrication of biological components and complex 3D geometrics over the past few decades. Moreover, the notable growth of 3D printing has facilitated pharmaceutical applications, enabling the development of customized drug screening and drug delivery systems for individual patients, breaking away from conventional approaches that primarily rely on transgenic animal experiments and mass production. This review provides an extensive overview of 3D printing research applied to drug screening and drug delivery systems that represent pharmaceutical applications. We classify several elements required by each application for advanced pharmaceutical techniques and briefly describe state-of-the-art 3D printing technology consisting of cells, bioinks, and printing strategies that satisfy requirements. Furthermore, we discuss the limitations of traditional approaches by providing concrete examples of drug screening (organoid, organ-on-a-chip, and tissue/organ equivalent) and drug delivery systems (oral/vaginal/rectal and transdermal/surgical drug delivery), followed by the introduction of recent pharmaceutical investigations using 3D printing-based strategies to overcome these challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Gao
- Institute of Engineering Medicine, Beijing Institute of Technology, No. 5, South Street, Zhongguancun, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China;
| | - Minjun Ahn
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, POSTECH, 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang 37673, Kyungbuk, Korea; (M.A.); (W.-W.C.)
| | - Won-Woo Cho
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, POSTECH, 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang 37673, Kyungbuk, Korea; (M.A.); (W.-W.C.)
| | - Byoung-Soo Kim
- School of Biomedical Convergence Engineering, Pusan National University, 49 Busandaehak-ro, Mulgeum-eup, Yangsan 50612, Kyungbuk, Korea
| | - Dong-Woo Cho
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, POSTECH, 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang 37673, Kyungbuk, Korea; (M.A.); (W.-W.C.)
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21
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Ruiz-Cantu L, F Trindade G, Taresco V, Zhou Z, He Y, Burroughs L, Clark EA, Rose FRAJ, Tuck C, Hague R, Roberts CJ, Alexander M, Irvine DJ, Wildman RD. Bespoke 3D-Printed Polydrug Implants Created via Microstructural Control of Oligomers. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:38969-38978. [PMID: 34399054 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c07850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Controlling the microstructure of materials by means of phase separation is a versatile tool for optimizing material properties. Phase separation has been exploited to fabricate intricate microstructures in many fields including cell biology, tissue engineering, optics, and electronics. The aim of this study was to use phase separation to tailor the spatial location of drugs and thereby generate release profiles of drug payload over periods ranging from 1 week to months by exploiting different mechanisms: polymer degradation, polymer diluent dissolution, and control of microstructure. To achieve this, we used drop-on-demand inkjet three-dimensional (3D) printing. We predicted the microstructure resulting from phase separation using high-throughput screening combined with a model based on the Flory-Huggins interaction parameter and were able to show that drug release from 3D-printed objects can be predicted from observations based on single drops of mixtures. We demonstrated for the first time that inkjet 3D printing yields controllable phase separation using picoliter droplets of blended photoreactive oligomers/monomers. This new understanding gives us hierarchical compositional control, from droplet to device, allowing release to be "dialled up" without manipulation of device geometry. We exemplify this approach by fabricating a biodegradable, long-term, multiactive drug delivery subdermal implant ("polyimplant") for combination therapy and personalized treatment of coronary heart disease. This is an important advance for implants that need to be delivered by cannula, where the shape is highly constrained and thus the usual geometrical freedoms associated with 3D printing cannot be easily exploited, which brings a hitherto unseen level of understanding to emergent material properties of 3D printing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Ruiz-Cantu
- Centre for Additive Manufacturing, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | | | - Vincenzo Taresco
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Zuoxin Zhou
- Centre for Additive Manufacturing, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Yinfeng He
- Centre for Additive Manufacturing, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | | | - Elizabeth A Clark
- Centre for Additive Manufacturing, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | | | - Christopher Tuck
- Centre for Additive Manufacturing, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Richard Hague
- Centre for Additive Manufacturing, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Clive J Roberts
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Morgan Alexander
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Derek J Irvine
- Centre for Additive Manufacturing, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Ricky D Wildman
- Centre for Additive Manufacturing, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
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22
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Cui M, Pan H, Li L, Fang D, Sun H, Qiao S, Li X, Pan W. Exploration and Preparation of Patient-specific Ciprofloxacin Implants Drug Delivery System Via 3D Printing Technologies. J Pharm Sci 2021; 110:3678-3689. [PMID: 34371072 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2021.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A suitable drug-loaded implant delivery system that can effectively release antibacterial drug in the postoperative lesion area and help repair bone infection is very significant in the clinical treatment of bone defect. The work was aimed to investigate the feasibility of applying three-dimensional (3D) printing technology to prepare drug-loaded implants for bone repair. Semi-solid extrusion (SSE) and Fuse deposition modeling® (FDM) technologies were implemented and ciprofloxacin (CIP) was chosen as the model drug. All of the implants exhibited a smooth surface, good mechanical properties and satisfactory structural integrity as well as accurate dimensional size. In vitro drug release showed that the implants made by 3D printing technologies slowed down the initial drug burst effect and expressed a long-term sustained release behavior, compared with the implants prepared with traditional method. In addition, the patient-specific macrostructure implants, consisting of interconnected and different shapes pores, were created using unique lay down patterns. As a result, the weakest burst release effect and the sustained drug release were achieved in the patient-specific implants with linear pattern. These results clearly stated that 3D printing technology offers a viable approach to prepare control-releasing implants with patient-specific macro-porosity and presents novel strategies for treating bone infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengsuo Cui
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Hao Pan
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University, 66 Chongshan Middle Road, Shenyang 110036, China
| | - Lu Li
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Dongyang Fang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Haowei Sun
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Sen Qiao
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Xin Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Weisan Pan
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China.
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23
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A review of three-dimensional printing for pharmaceutical applications: Quality control, risk assessment and future perspectives. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2021.102571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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24
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Domsta V, Seidlitz A. 3D-Printing of Drug-Eluting Implants: An Overview of the Current Developments Described in the Literature. Molecules 2021; 26:4066. [PMID: 34279405 PMCID: PMC8272161 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26134066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The usage of 3D-printing for drug-eluting implants combines the advantages of a targeted local drug therapy over longer periods of time at the precise location of the disease with a manufacturing technique that easily allows modifications of the implant shape to comply with the individual needs of each patient. Research until now has been focused on several aspects of this topic such as 3D-printing with different materials or printing techniques to achieve implants with different shapes, mechanical properties or release profiles. This review is intended to provide an overview of the developments currently described in the literature. The topic is very multifaceted and several of the investigated aspects are not related to just one type of application. Consequently, this overview deals with the topic of 3D-printed drug-eluting implants in the application fields of stents and catheters, gynecological devices, devices for bone treatment and surgical screws, antitumoral devices and surgical meshes, as well as other devices with either simple or complex geometry. Overall, the current findings highlight the great potential of the manufacturing of drug-eluting implants via 3D-printing technology for advanced individualized medicine despite remaining challenges such as the regulatory approval of individualized implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Domsta
- Department of Biopharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Greifswald, Center of Drug Absorption and Transport, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 3, 17487 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Anne Seidlitz
- Department of Biopharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Greifswald, Center of Drug Absorption and Transport, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 3, 17487 Greifswald, Germany
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25
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Patel SK, Khoder M, Peak M, Alhnan MA. Controlling drug release with additive manufacturing-based solutions. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 174:369-386. [PMID: 33895213 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
3D printing is an innovative manufacturing technology with great potential to revolutionise solid dosage forms. Novel features of 3D printing technology confer advantage over conventional solid dosage form manufacturing technologies, including rapid prototyping and an unparalleled capability to fabricate complex geometries with spatially separated conformations. Such a novel technology could transform the pharmaceutical industry, enabling the production of highly personalised dosage forms with well-defined release profiles. In this work, we review the current state of the art of using additive manufacturing for predicting and understanding drug release from 3D printed novel structures. Furthermore, we describe a wide spectrum of 3D printing technologies, materials, procedure, and processing parameters used to fabricate fundamentally different matrices with different drug releases. The different methods to manipulate drug release patterns including the surface area-to-mass ratio, infill pattern, geometry, and composition, are critically evaluated. Moreover, the drug release mechanisms and models that could aid exploiting the release profile are also covered. Finally, this review also covers the design opportunities alongside the technical and regulatory challenges that these rapidly evolving technologies present.
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26
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Amekyeh H, Tarlochan F, Billa N. Practicality of 3D Printed Personalized Medicines in Therapeutics. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:646836. [PMID: 33912058 PMCID: PMC8072378 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.646836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Technological advances in science over the past century have paved the way for remedial treatment outcomes in various diseases. Pharmacogenomic predispositions, the emergence of multidrug resistance, medication and formulation errors contribute significantly to patient mortality. The concept of "personalized" or "precision" medicines provides a window to addressing these issues and hence reducing mortality. The emergence of three-dimensional printing of medicines over the past decades has generated interests in therapeutics and dispensing, whereby the provisions of personalized medicines can be built within the framework of producing medicines at dispensaries or pharmacies. This plan is a good replacement of the fit-for-all modality in conventional therapeutics, where clinicians are constrained to prescribe pre-formulated dose units available on the market. However, three-dimension printing of personalized medicines faces several hurdles, but these are not insurmountable. In this review, we explore the relevance of personalized medicines in therapeutics and how three-dimensional printing makes a good fit in current gaps within conventional therapeutics in order to secure an effective implementation of personalized medicines. We also explore the deployment of three-dimensional printing of personalized medicines based on practical, legal and regulatory provisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilda Amekyeh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana
| | | | - Nashiru Billa
- College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
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27
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Muthukrishnan L. Imminent antimicrobial bioink deploying cellulose, alginate, EPS and synthetic polymers for 3D bioprinting of tissue constructs. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 260:117774. [PMID: 33712131 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.117774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
3D printing, one of its kinds has been a recent technological trend to fabricate complex and patterned biomaterial with controlled precision. With the conventional kick-start of printing metals and plastics, advancements in printing viable cells, polysaccharides or microbes themselves have been achieved. The additive antimicrobial properties in bioinks sourced from organic and inorganic materials have profound implications in tissue engineering. Cellulose, alginate, exopolysaccharides, ceramics and synthetic polymers are integrated as a viable component in inks and used for bio-printing. To date, bacterial infection and immunogenicity pose a potential health risk during a tissue implant or bone substitution. In order to mitigate microbial infection, antimicrobial bioinks with significant antimicrobial potential have been the much sought after strategies. This approach could be an effective frontline defense against microbial interference in tissue engineering and biomedical applications. An overview on the antimicrobial potential of polysaccharides as bioinks for 3D bioprinting has been critically reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lakshmipathy Muthukrishnan
- Department of Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Poonamallee High Road, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600 077, India.
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28
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Jain K, Shukla R, Yadav A, Ujjwal RR, Flora SJS. 3D Printing in Development of Nanomedicines. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:420. [PMID: 33562310 PMCID: PMC7914812 DOI: 10.3390/nano11020420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) printing is gaining numerous advances in manufacturing approaches both at macro- and nanoscales. Three-dimensional printing is being explored for various biomedical applications and fabrication of nanomedicines using additive manufacturing techniques, and shows promising potential in fulfilling the need for patient-centric personalized treatment. Initial reports attributed this to availability of novel natural biomaterials and precisely engineered polymeric materials, which could be fabricated into exclusive 3D printed nanomaterials for various biomedical applications as nanomedicines. Nanomedicine is defined as the application of nanotechnology in designing nanomaterials for different medicinal applications, including diagnosis, treatment, monitoring, prevention, and control of diseases. Nanomedicine is also showing great impact in the design and development of precision medicine. In contrast to the "one-size-fits-all" criterion of the conventional medicine system, personalized or precision medicines consider the differences in various traits, including pharmacokinetics and genetics of different patients, which have shown improved results over conventional treatment. In the last few years, much literature has been published on the application of 3D printing for the fabrication of nanomedicine. This article deals with progress made in the development and design of tailor-made nanomedicine using 3D printing technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keerti Jain
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)—Raebareli, Lucknow 226002, India; (K.J.); (R.S.); (A.Y.)
| | - Rahul Shukla
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)—Raebareli, Lucknow 226002, India; (K.J.); (R.S.); (A.Y.)
| | - Awesh Yadav
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)—Raebareli, Lucknow 226002, India; (K.J.); (R.S.); (A.Y.)
| | - Rewati Raman Ujjwal
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)—Raebareli, Lucknow 226002, India;
| | - Swaran Jeet Singh Flora
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)—Raebareli, Lucknow 226002, India;
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Wolfe AJ, Guasto JS, Omenetto FG, Kaplan DL. Silk Reservoir Implants for Sustained Drug Delivery. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021; 4:869-880. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c01382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J. Wolfe
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 200 College Avenue, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tufts University, 200 College Avenue, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | - Jeffrey S. Guasto
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tufts University, 200 College Avenue, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | - Fiorenzo G. Omenetto
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 200 College Avenue, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | - David L. Kaplan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 200 College Avenue, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
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Durga Prasad Reddy R, Sharma V. Additive manufacturing in drug delivery applications: A review. Int J Pharm 2020; 589:119820. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) printing is an additive manufacturing technique where objects are created under computer control. Apart from opening many avenues of manufacturing, 3D printing of medicine has become a lucrative area in research. The technology can deliver customised and effectively on-demand treatments for individuals with unique needs; drug delivery system capable of dispensing spatially accurate and low volumes of medicine; preparation of medicine comprised of complex composition and geometric shape. Advent of 3D printed drugs like Spritam® has been FDA approved which have heightened the hopes. Pharmaceutical industry at present is shifting from mass production to personalised medicine as it promises future production of on-demand printed drugs with customised doses, increased productivity and cost-effectiveness. The goal of this article is to outline and explore the various approaches, along with the key aspects of drug printing, and also allow space for exploration of the main areas of 3D printing to be tackled in the future in order to make it an effective manufacturing route for the pharmaceutical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vivek Srivastava
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, DIT University, Dehradun, India
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Application of Extrusion-Based 3D Printed Dosage Forms in the Treatment of Chronic Diseases. J Pharm Sci 2020; 109:3551-3568. [PMID: 33035541 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2020.09.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Chronic disease management has been a significant burden in many countries. As most treatment options involve long-term pharmacotherapy, patient compliance has been a challenge, as patients have to remember taking medications on time at the prescribed dose for each disease state. Patients are often required to split the dosage unit, which may lead to under- or over-dose and dose-related adverse effects. However, 3D printing technologies have been used for fabricating personalized medications and multiple drugs in a single dose unit (polypills), which might greatly reduce treatment monitoring, dosing errors, and follow-ups with the health care providers. Extrusion-based 3D printing is the most used technology to fabricate polypills and to customize the dose, dosage form, and release kinetics, which might potentially reduce the risk of patient non-compliance. Although extrusion-based 3D printing has existed for some time, interest in its potential to fabricate dosage forms for treating chronic diseases is still in its infancy. This review focuses on the various extrusion-based 3D printing technologies such as fused deposition modeling, pressure-assisted microsyringe, and direct powder extrusion 3D printing in the preparation of customizable, multi-drug dosage forms for treating chronic diseases.
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Koçak E, Yıldız A, Acartürk F. Three dimensional bioprinting technology: Applications in pharmaceutical and biomedical area. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2020; 197:111396. [PMID: 33075661 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2020.111396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
3D bioprinting is a technology based on the principle of three-dimensional printing of designed biological materials, which has been widely used recently. The production of biological materials, such as tissues, organs, cells and blood vessels with this technology is alternative and promising approach for organ and tissue transplantation. Apart from tissue and organ printing, it has a wide range of usage, such as in vitro/in vivo modeling, production of drug delivery systems and, drug screening. However, there are various restrictions on the use of this technology. In this review, the process steps, classification, advantages, limitations, usage and application areas of 3D bioprinting technology, materials and auxiliary materials used in this technology are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esen Koçak
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ayşegül Yıldız
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Füsun Acartürk
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey.
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3D printing in pharmaceuticals: An emerging technology full of challenges. ANNALES PHARMACEUTIQUES FRANÇAISES 2020; 79:107-118. [PMID: 32853575 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharma.2020.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Although in its infancy, when compared with the other sectors, year 2005 marked the rapid evolution of 3 Dimensional printing (3DP) technologies in pharma sector with a huge potential in the dosage form designing and personalisation of the medication. 3DP is an innovative and highly promising way for the instant manufacturing in contrast with the tailored made conventional manufacturing. Various 3DP technologies are categorized into the various areas on the basis of the type of material used, deposition techniques and the solidification/fusion techniques. 3DP technologies have multiple pharmaceutical applications including formulation of the precise and unique dosage forms, medical research, personalization of medicine, tissues engineering and surgical application. In the present article, we have accentuated the comparative merits and demerits of various 3DP technologies used in the pharmaceutical sector. An insight in to the challenges, apropos availability and the choice of the excipients, as well as the printer, regulatory and safety concern of the product is provided.
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Jacob S, Nair AB, Patel V, Shah J. 3D Printing Technologies: Recent Development and Emerging Applications in Various Drug Delivery Systems. AAPS PharmSciTech 2020; 21:220. [PMID: 32748243 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-020-01771-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The 3D printing is considered as an emerging digitized technology that could act as a key driving factor for the future advancement and precise manufacturing of personalized dosage forms, regenerative medicine, prosthesis and implantable medical devices. Tailoring the size, shape and drug release profile from various drug delivery systems can be beneficial for special populations such as paediatrics, pregnant women and geriatrics with unique or changing medical needs. This review summarizes various types of 3D printing technologies with advantages and limitations particularly in the area of pharmaceutical research. The applications of 3D printing in tablets, films, liquids, gastroretentive, colon, transdermal and intrauterine drug delivery systems as well as medical devices have been briefed. Due to the novelty and distinct features, 3D printing has the inherent capacity to solve many formulation and drug delivery challenges, which are frequently associated with poorly aqueous soluble drugs. Recent approval of Spritam® and publication of USFDA technical guidance on additive manufacturing related to medical devices has led to an extensive research in various field of drug delivery systems and bioengineering. The 3D printing technology could be successfully implemented from pre-clinical phase to first-in-human trials as well as on-site production of customized formulation at the point of care having excellent dose flexibility. Advent of innovative 3D printing machineries with built-in flexibility and quality with the introduction of new regulatory guidelines would rapidly integrate and revolutionize conventional pharmaceutical manufacturing sector.
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Mohammed A, Elshaer A, Sareh P, Elsayed M, Hassanin H. Additive Manufacturing Technologies for Drug Delivery Applications. Int J Pharm 2020; 580:119245. [PMID: 32201252 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Patient to patient variability is one of the issues when administering medications to individuals with different health conditions, pharmacokinetic, age, fitness, gender, and race. This requires introducing smart and personalised drug delivery systems with controlled release profile manufactured using novel approaches. Additive manufacturing (AM) provides opportunities such as full customisation, design freedom, and on-site manufacturing, and materials recycling. As a result, the academic and industrial demand for additive manufacturing for drug delivery has been continuously increasing and showing impressive results for a wide range of products. This paper provides an extensive overview of AM technologies and their applications for drug delivery. The review discusses AM technologies including their working principles, processed materials, as well as current progress in drug delivery to produce personalized dosages for every patient with controlled release profile. AM potentials, industrial scale, and challenges are investigated with regards to practice and industrial applications. The paper covers novel possibilities of AM technologies and their pharmaceuticals applications, which indicate a promising healthcare future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Mohammed
- School of Engineering, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZX, UK
| | - Amr Elshaer
- Drug Discovery, Delivery and Patient Care (DDDPC), School of Life Sciences, Pharmacy and Chemistry, Kingston University London, Kingston Upon Thames, Surrey, KT1 2EE, UK
| | - Pooya Sareh
- School of Engineering, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZX, UK
| | - Mahmoud Elsayed
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Arab Academy for Science Technology and Maritime, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Hany Hassanin
- School of Engineering, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZX, UK.
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Shafiee A. Design and Fabrication of Three-Dimensional Printed Scaffolds for Cancer Precision Medicine. Tissue Eng Part A 2020; 26:305-317. [PMID: 31992154 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2019.0278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D)-engineered scaffolds have been widely investigated as drug delivery systems (DDS) or cancer models with the aim to develop effective cancer therapies. The in vitro and in vivo models developed via 3D printing (3DP) and tissue engineering concepts have significantly contributed to our understanding of cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix interactions in the cancer microenvironment. Moreover, 3D tumor models were used to study the therapeutic efficiency of anticancer drugs. The present study aims to provide an overview of applying the 3DP and tissue engineering concepts for cancer studies with suggestions for future research directions. The 3DP technologies being used for the fabrication of personalized DDS have been highlighted and the potential technical approaches and challenges associated with the fused deposition modeling, the inkjet-powder bed, and stereolithography as the most promising 3DP techniques for drug delivery purposes are briefly described. Then, the advances, challenges, and future perspectives in tissue-engineered cancer models for precision medicine are discussed. Overall, future advances in this arena depend on the continuous integration of knowledge from cancer biology, biofabrication techniques, multiomics and patient data, and medical needs to develop effective treatments ultimately leading to improved clinical outcomes. Impact statement Three-dimensional printing (3DP) enables the fabrication of personalized medicines and drug delivery systems. The convergence of 3DP, tissue engineering concepts, and cancer biology could significantly improve our understanding of cancer biology and contribute to the development of new cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbas Shafiee
- UQ Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.,Centre in Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Australia.,Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Metro North Hospital and Health Service, Brisbane, Australia
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Azad MA, Olawuni D, Kimbell G, Badruddoza AZM, Hossain MS, Sultana T. Polymers for Extrusion-Based 3D Printing of Pharmaceuticals: A Holistic Materials-Process Perspective. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E124. [PMID: 32028732 PMCID: PMC7076526 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12020124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Three dimensional (3D) printing as an advanced manufacturing technology is progressing to be established in the pharmaceutical industry to overcome the traditional manufacturing regime of 'one size fits for all'. Using 3D printing, it is possible to design and develop complex dosage forms that can be suitable for tuning drug release. Polymers are the key materials that are necessary for 3D printing. Among all 3D printing processes, extrusion-based (both fused deposition modeling (FDM) and pressure-assisted microsyringe (PAM)) 3D printing is well researched for pharmaceutical manufacturing. It is important to understand which polymers are suitable for extrusion-based 3D printing of pharmaceuticals and how their properties, as well as the behavior of polymer-active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) combinations, impact the printing process. Especially, understanding the rheology of the polymer and API-polymer mixtures is necessary for successful 3D printing of dosage forms or printed structures. This review has summarized a holistic materials-process perspective for polymers on extrusion-based 3D printing. The main focus herein will be both FDM and PAM 3D printing processes. It elaborates the discussion on the comparison of 3D printing with the traditional direct compression process, the necessity of rheology, and the characterization techniques required for the printed structure, drug, and excipients. The current technological challenges, regulatory aspects, and the direction toward which the technology is moving, especially for personalized pharmaceuticals and multi-drug printing, are also briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad A. Azad
- Department of Chemical, Biological and Bioengineering, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA; (D.O.); (G.K.)
| | - Deborah Olawuni
- Department of Chemical, Biological and Bioengineering, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA; (D.O.); (G.K.)
| | - Georgia Kimbell
- Department of Chemical, Biological and Bioengineering, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA; (D.O.); (G.K.)
| | - Abu Zayed Md Badruddoza
- Department of Chemical and Life Sciences Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA;
| | - Md. Shahadat Hossain
- Department of Engineering Technology, Queensborough Community College, City University of New York (CUNY), Bayside, NY 11364, USA;
| | - Tasnim Sultana
- Department of Public Health, School of Arts and Sciences, Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences (MCPHS), Boston, MA 02115, USA;
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Dhavalikar P, Lan Z, Kar R, Salhadar K, Gaharwar AK, Cosgriff-Hernandez E. Biomedical Applications of Additive Manufacturing. Biomater Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-816137-1.00040-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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40
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Zeeshan F, Madheswaran T, Pandey M, Gorain B. Three-Dimensional (3-D) Printing Technology Exploited for the Fabrication of Drug Delivery Systems. Curr Pharm Des 2019; 24:5019-5028. [PMID: 30621558 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190101111525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The conventional dosage forms cannot be administered to all patients because of interindividual variability found among people of different race coupled with different metabolism and cultural necessities. Therefore, to address this global issue there is a growing focus on the fabrication of new drug delivery systems customised to individual needs. Medicinal products printed using 3-D technology are transforming the current medicine business to a plausible alternative of conventional medicines. METHODS The PubMed database and Google scholar were browsed by keywords of 3-D printing, drug delivery, and personalised medicine. The data about techniques employed in the manufacturing of 3-D printed medicines and the application of 3-D printing technology in the fabrication of individualised medicine were collected, analysed and discussed. RESULTS Numerous techniques can fabricate 3-D printed medicines however, printing-based inkjet, nozzle-based deposition and laser-based writing systems are the most popular 3-D printing methods which have been employed successfully in the development of tablets, polypills, implants, solutions, nanoparticles, targeted and topical dug delivery. In addition, the approval of Spritam® containing levetiracetam by FDA as the primary 3-D printed drug product has boosted its importance. However, some drawbacks such as suitability of manufacturing techniques and the available excipients for 3-D printing need to be addressed to ensure simple, feasible, reliable and reproducible 3-D printed fabrication. CONCLUSION 3-D printing is a revolutionary in pharmaceutical technology to cater the present and future needs of individualised medicines. Nonetheless, more investigations are required on its manufacturing aspects in terms cost effectiveness, reproducibility and bio-equivalence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farrukh Zeeshan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University (IMU), Kuala Lumpur-57000, Malaysia
| | - Thiagarajan Madheswaran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University (IMU), Kuala Lumpur-57000, Malaysia
| | - Manisha Pandey
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University (IMU), Kuala Lumpur-57000, Malaysia
| | - Bapi Gorain
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Science, Taylor's University, Selangor-47500, Malaysia
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41
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Kjar A, Huang Y. Application of Micro-Scale 3D Printing in Pharmaceutics. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:E390. [PMID: 31382565 PMCID: PMC6723578 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11080390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Revised: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
3D printing, as one of the most rapidly-evolving fabrication technologies, has released a cascade of innovation in the last two decades. In the pharmaceutical field, the integration of 3D printing technology has offered unique advantages, especially at the micro-scale. When printed at a micro-scale, materials and devices can provide nuanced solutions to controlled release, minimally invasive delivery, high-precision targeting, biomimetic models for drug discovery and development, and future opportunities for personalized medicine. This review aims to cover the recent advances in this area. First, the 3D printing techniques are introduced with respect to the technical parameters and features that are uniquely related to each stage of pharmaceutical development. Then specific micro-sized pharmaceutical applications of 3D printing are summarized and grouped according to the provided benefits. Both advantages and challenges are discussed for each application. We believe that these technologies provide compelling future solutions for modern medicine, while challenges remain for scale-up and regulatory approval.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Kjar
- Department of Biological Engineering, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, USA
| | - Yu Huang
- Department of Biological Engineering, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, USA.
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Zawaski CE, Wilts EM, Chatham CA, Stevenson AT, Pekkanen AM, Li C, Tian Z, Whittington AR, Long TE, Williams CB. Tuning the material properties of a water-soluble ionic polymer using different counterions for material extrusion additive manufacturing. POLYMER 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2019.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Chandekar A, Mishra DK, Sharma S, Saraogi GK, Gupta U, Gupta G. 3D Printing Technology: A New Milestone in the Development of Pharmaceuticals. Curr Pharm Des 2019; 25:937-945. [DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190507115504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The global market of pharmaceuticals has witnessed a new revolution recently in the form of threedimensional
printing (3D) technology. 3D printing has its existence since the 1980s that uses a 3D printer to
manufacture the different dosage forms through computer-aided drug design technology. The need for 3D printing
is due to numerous advantages like personalized medicine, tailored doses, rapid disintegration in case of SLS
technique, incorporation of high doses and taste masking capacity. The different techniques used in 3D printing
are Powder based (PB), Semi-solid extrusion (EXT), Fused deposition modeling (FDM), Stereolithographic
(SLA) and Selective laser sintering (SLS) 3D printing. However, from the latest reports of association of pharmaceutical
3D printing technology, it is evidenced that this technology is still in its infancy and its potential is yet to
be fully explored. The present review includes sections for introduction and scope of 3D printing, personalized
medicines and their approaches, historical aspects, research milestones, and various 3D printing techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anish Chandekar
- NMIMS, School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, Shirpur (Maharashtra), India
| | - Dinesh K. Mishra
- NMIMS, School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, Shirpur (Maharashtra), India
| | - Sanjay Sharma
- NMIMS, School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, Shirpur (Maharashtra), India
| | - Gaurav K. Saraogi
- NMIMS, School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, Shirpur (Maharashtra), India
| | - Umesh Gupta
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemical Sciences and Pharmacy, Central University of Rajasthan, Bandarsindri, Ajmer, India
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jagatpura, Mahal Road, Jaipur, India
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44
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Growth factor delivery: Defining the next generation platforms for tissue engineering. J Control Release 2019; 306:40-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2019.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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45
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Souto EB, Campos JC, Filho SC, Teixeira MC, Martins-Gomes C, Zielinska A, Carbone C, Silva AM. 3D printing in the design of pharmaceutical dosage forms. Pharm Dev Technol 2019; 24:1044-1053. [DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2019.1630426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E. B. Souto
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra (FFUC), Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Coimbra, Portugal
- CEB – Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, Portugal
| | - J. C. Campos
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra (FFUC), Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - S. C. Filho
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra (FFUC), Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - M. C. Teixeira
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra (FFUC), Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - C. Martins-Gomes
- School of Biology and Environment, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, Vila Real, Portugal
- Centre for Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal
| | - A. Zielinska
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra (FFUC), Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - C. Carbone
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra (FFUC), Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Coimbra, Portugal
- Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology, Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - A. M. Silva
- School of Biology and Environment, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, Vila Real, Portugal
- Centre for Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal
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Ballard DH, Tappa K, Boyer CJ, Jammalamadaka U, Hemmanur K, Weisman JA, Alexander JS, Mills DK, Woodard PK. Antibiotics in 3D-printed implants, instruments and materials: benefits, challenges and future directions. JOURNAL OF 3D PRINTING IN MEDICINE 2019; 3:83-93. [PMID: 31258936 PMCID: PMC6587109 DOI: 10.2217/3dp-2019-0007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 04/17/2023]
Abstract
3D printing is an additive manufacturing technology, which permits innovative approaches for incorporating antibiotics into 3D printed constructs. Antibiotic-incorporating applications in medicine have included medical implants, prostheses, along with procedural and surgical instruments. 3D-printed antibiotic-impregnated devices offer the advantages of increased surface area for drug distribution, sequential layers of antibiotics produced through layer-by-layer fabrication, and the ability to rapidly fabricate constructs based on patient-specific anatomies. To date, fused deposition modeling has been the main 3D printing method used to incorporate antibiotics, although inkjet and stereolithography techniques have also been described. This review offers a state-of-the-art summary of studies that incorporate antibiotics into 3D-printed constructs and summarizes the rationale, challenges, and future directions for the potential use of this technology in patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- David H Ballard
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Author for correspondence: Tel.: +1 314 226 5464; Fax: +1 314 747 4671;
| | - Karthik Tappa
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Christen J Boyer
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Shreveport, LA 71103, USA
| | - Udayabhanu Jammalamadaka
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Kavya Hemmanur
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Jeffery A Weisman
- University of Illinois at Chicago Occupational Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Jonathan S Alexander
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Shreveport, LA 71103, USA
| | - David K Mills
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, LA 71272, USA
| | - Pamela K Woodard
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
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Ameeduzzafar, Alruwaili NK, Rizwanullah M, Abbas Bukhari SN, Amir M, Ahmed MM, Fazil M. 3D Printing Technology in Design of Pharmaceutical Products. Curr Pharm Des 2019; 24:5009-5018. [DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190116104620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 01/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Background:
Three-dimensional printing (3DP) is a novel technology for fabrication of personalized
medicine. As of late, FDA affirmed 3D printed tranquilize item in August 2015, which is characteristic of another
section of Pharmaceutical assembling. 3DP incorporates a wide range of assembling procedures, which are altogether
founded on computer-aided design (CAD), and controlled deposition of materials (layer-by-layer) to make
freestyle geometries. Conventionally, many pharmaceutical processes like compressed tablet have been used from
many years for the development of tablet with established regulatory pathways. But this simple process is outdated
in terms of process competence and manufacturing flexibility (design space). 3DP is a new technology for the creation
of plan, proving to be superior for complex products, customized items and items made on-request. It creates
new opportunities for improving efficacy, safety, and convenience of medicines.
Method:
There are many of the 3D printing technology used for the development of personalized medicine on demand
for better treatment like 3D powder direct printing technology, fused-filament 3D printing, 3D extrusion
printer, piezoelectric inkjet printer, fused deposition 3D printing, 3D printer, ink-jet printer, micro-drop inkjet 3DP,
thermal inkjet printer, multi-nozzle 3D printer, stereolithographic 3D printer.
Result:
This review highlights features how item and process comprehension can encourage the improvement of a
control technique for various 3D printing strategies.
Conclusion:
It is concluded that the 3D printing technology is a novel potential for manufacturing of personalized
dose medicines, due to better patient compliance which can be prepared when needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ameeduzzafar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Al-Jouf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nabil K. Alruwaili
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Al-Jouf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Md. Rizwanullah
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, JamiaHamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Syed Nasir Abbas Bukhari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Al-Jouf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd Amir
- College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdul Rahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Masood Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Al-Jouf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Fazil
- Formulation Research and Development Unit, Kusum Healthcare Private Limited, Bhiwadi, Rajasthan, India
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An Overview of 3D Printing Technologies for Soft Materials and Potential Opportunities for Lipid-based Drug Delivery Systems. Pharm Res 2018; 36:4. [PMID: 30406349 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-018-2531-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Three-dimensional printing (3DP) is a rapidly growing additive manufacturing process and it is predicted that the technology will transform the production of goods across numerous fields. In the pharmaceutical sector, 3DP has been used to develop complex dosage forms of different sizes and structures, dose variations, dose combinations and release characteristics, not possible to produce using traditional manufacturing methods. However, the technology has mainly been focused on polymer-based systems and currently, limited information is available about the potential opportunities for the 3DP of soft materials such as lipids. METHODS This review paper emphasises the most commonly used 3DP technologies for soft materials such as inkjet printing, binder jetting, selective laser sintering (SLS), stereolithography (SLA), fused deposition modeling (FDM) and semi-solid extrusion, with the current status of these technologies for soft materials in biological, food and pharmaceutical applications. RESULT The advantages of 3DP, particularly in the pharmaceutical field, are highlighted and an insight is provided about the current studies for lipid-based drug delivery systems evaluating the potential of 3DP to fabricate innovative products. Additionally, the challenges of the 3DP technologies associated with technical processing, regulatory and material issues of lipids are discussed in detail. CONCLUSION The future utility of 3DP for printing soft materials, particularly for lipid-based drug delivery systems, offers great advantages and the technology will potentially support patient compliance and drug effectiveness via a personalised medicine approach.
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Integration of 3D printing with dosage forms: A new perspective for modern healthcare. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 107:146-154. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.07.167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
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Pharmaceutical applications of 3D printing technology: current understanding and future perspectives. JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL INVESTIGATION 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s40005-018-00414-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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