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Yuan H, Zeng Z, Li D, Huang R, Li W. Multifunctional thiolated chitosan/puerarin composite hydrogels with pH/glutathione dual responsiveness for potential drug carriers. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 265:130841. [PMID: 38553389 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024]
Abstract
Puerarin (PUE), a natural and biologically active isoflavone extracted from Chinese medicine Pueraria lobata, can self-assemble to form a hydrogel without other chemical modifications. However, although PUE hydrogel has pH responsivity, but it is difficult to adapt to the changeable pathological environment. Therefore, thiolated chitosan (TCS) is synthesized and hybridized with PUE hydrogel to prepare TCS10/PUE composite hydrogel. The results of rheological measurement showed that the resultant composite hydrogels inherited the low loss performance of TCS hydrogel, which means that they have stronger elasticity. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images displayed that TCS10/PUE composite hydrogel has a fibrous-network structure. X-Ray Diffractometer (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) proved the existence of hydrogen bonds and disulfide bonds in the formation of composite hydrogel. Degradation experiment showed that TCS10/PUE composite hydrogels have pH and glutathione (pH/GSH) dual sensitivity. Furthermore, TCS10/PUE composite hydrogels exhibited multi-functionality including thixotropy, cytocompatibility, antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties. Berberine chloride hydrate (BCH) was further used as a model drug for in vitro release study. BCH and PUE could be released cooperatively under pH/GSH dual responsivity. These results indicated that the resultant composite hydrogel has eminent pH/GSH dual responsivity and could act as a potential new intelligent drug carrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Yuan
- School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China; Department of Pharmacy, Ezhou Central Hospital, Ezhou, China
| | - Zhaoxiang Zeng
- School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Dongru Li
- School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Rongzeng Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China; Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Chinese Medicine Resources and Chinese Medicine Chemistry, Wuhan, China.
| | - Wan Li
- School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China; Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Chinese Medicine Resources and Chinese Medicine Chemistry, Wuhan, China; Hubei Shizhen Laboratory, Wuhan, China.
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Li W, Fang K, Yuan H, Li D, Li H, Chen Y, Luo X, Zhang L, Ye X. Acid-induced Poria cocos alkali-soluble polysaccharide hydrogel: Gelation behaviour, characteristics, and potential application in drug delivery. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 242:124383. [PMID: 37030457 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
Abstract
Poria cocos alkali-soluble polysaccharide (PCAP), a water-insoluble β-glucan, is the main component of the total dried sclerotia of Poria cocos. However, its gelation behaviour and properties have yet to be comprehensively studied. In this study, an acid-induced physical hydrogel based on natural PCAP is fabricated. The acid-induced gelation in PCAP is explored with respect to the pH and polysaccharide concentration. PCAP hydrogels are formed in the pH range of 0.3-10.5, and the lowest gelation concentration is 0.4 wt%. Furthermore, dynamic rheological, fluorescence, and cyclic voltammetry measurements are performed to elucidate the gelation mechanism. The results reveal that hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions play a dominant role in gel formation. Subsequently, the properties of the PCAP hydrogels are investigated using rheological measurements, scanning electron microscopy, gravimetric analysis, free radical scavenging, MTT assays, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. The PCAP hydrogels exhibit a porous network structure and cytocompatibility, in addition to good viscoelastic, thixotropic, water-holding, swelling, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities. Furthermore, using rhein as a model drug for encapsulation, it is demonstrated that its cumulative release behaviour from the PCAP hydrogel is pH dependent. These results indicate the potential of PCAP hydrogels for application in biological medicine and drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Li
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China; Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resource and Chemistry of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Hubei Province, College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China.
| | - Kexin Fang
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Hao Yuan
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Dongru Li
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Haochen Li
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Yin Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Xinyao Luo
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Lian Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaochuan Ye
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China; Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resource and Chemistry of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Hubei Province, College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China.
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Furtado M, Chen L, Chen Z, Chen A, Cui W. Development of fish collagen in tissue regeneration and drug delivery. ENGINEERED REGENERATION 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.engreg.2022.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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Yuan H, Li W, Song C, Huang R. An injectable supramolecular nanofiber-reinforced chitosan hydrogel with antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties as potential carriers for drug delivery. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 205:563-573. [PMID: 35149101 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The inherent weak mechanical strength of chitosan physical cross-linking hydrogels (CS hydrogels) limits their applications in biomaterials. Hence, puerarin (PUE) as a self-assembly active small molecule in herbal was introduced in CS hydrogels to fabricate CS/PUE18 composite hydrogels with interpenetrating network structure. The result of rheological measurement showed that storage modulus and loss modulus of CS/PUE18 composite hydrogels were improved by three orders of magnitude, indicating that the introduction of PUE significantly reinforced CS hydrogels. The results of SEM and BET measurement demonstrated that macromolecular chains of CS intertwined with nanofibers of PUE, which caused the network structure of CS/PUE18 composite hydrogels to become denser. XRD patterns and FT-IR spectra verified that the amino groups in CS formed hydrogen bonding with the hydroxyl groups in PUE. Degradation and swelling experiments showed that CS/PUE18 composite hydrogels have pH sensitivity. Moreover, CS/PUE18 composite hydrogels exhibited multi-functionality including injectability, thixotropy, cytocompatibility, antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties. The release behavior of berberine chloride hydrate (BCH) and PUE from the resultant CS/PUE18 composite hydrogels have pH dependence. These results revealed that injectable CS/PUE18 composite hydrogels with dual antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties could be potential delivery vehicles for sustained and controlled release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Yuan
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Wan Li
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China; Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resource and Chemistry of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Hubei Province, College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China.
| | - Chengwu Song
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Rongzeng Huang
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
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Manconi R, Cubeddu T, Pronzato R, Sanna MA, Nieddu G, Gaino E, Stocchino GA. Collagenic architecture and morphotraits in a marine basal metazoan as a model for bioinspired applied research. J Morphol 2022; 283:585-604. [PMID: 35119713 PMCID: PMC9306819 DOI: 10.1002/jmor.21460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In some Porifera (Demospongiae: Keratosa), prototypes of the connective system are almost exclusively based on collagenic networks. We studied the topographic distribution, spatial layout, microtraits, and/or morphogenesis of these collagenic structures in Ircinia retidermata (Dictyoceratida: Irciniidae). Analyses were carried out on a clonal strain from sustainable experimental mariculture by using light and scanning electron microscopy. Histology revealed new insights on the widely diversified and complex hierarchical assemblage of collagenic structures. Key evolutionary novelties in the organization of sponge connective system were found out. The aquiferous canals are shaped as corrugate‐like pipelines conferring plasticity to the water circulation system. Compact clusters of elongated cells are putatively involved in a nutrient transferring system. Knob‐ended filaments are characterized by a banding pattern and micro‐components. Ectosome and outer endosome districts are the active fibrogenetic areas, where exogenous material constitutes an axial condensation nucleus for the ensuing morphogenesis. The new data can be useful to understand not only the evolutionary novelties occurring in the target taxon but also the morpho‐functional significance of its adaptive collagenic anatomical traits. In addition, data may give insights on both marine collagen sustainable applied researches along with evolutionary and phylogenetic analyses, thus highlighting sponges as a key renewable source for inspired biomaterials. Therefore, we also promote bioresources sustainable exploitation with the aim to provide new donors of marine collagen, thereby supporting conservation of wild populations/species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Manconi
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università di Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Tiziana Cubeddu
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università di Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Roberto Pronzato
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, dell'Ambiente e della Vita, Università di Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Marina A Sanna
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università di Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Gabriele Nieddu
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Università di Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Elda Gaino
- Viale Canepa 15/10, 16153 Sestri Ponente, Italy
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Xu N, Peng XL, Li HR, Liu JX, Cheng JSY, Qi XY, Ye SJ, Gong HL, Zhao XH, Yu J, Xu G, Wei DX. Marine-Derived Collagen as Biomaterials for Human Health. Front Nutr 2021; 8:702108. [PMID: 34504861 PMCID: PMC8421607 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.702108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Collagen is a kind of biocompatible protein material, which is widely used in medical tissue engineering, drug delivery, cosmetics, food and other fields. Because of its wide source, low extraction cost and good physical and chemical properties, it has attracted the attention of many researchers in recent years. However, the application of collagen derived from terrestrial organisms is limited due to the existence of diseases, religious beliefs and other problems. Therefore, exploring a wider range of sources of collagen has become one of the main topics for researchers. Marine-derived collagen (MDC) stands out because it comes from a variety of sources and avoids issues such as religion. On the one hand, this paper summarized the sources, extraction methods and characteristics of MDC, and on the other hand, it summarized the application of MDC in the above fields. And on the basis of the review, we found that MDC can not only be extracted from marine organisms, but also from the wastes of some marine organisms, such as fish scales. This makes further use of seafood resources and increases the application prospect of MDC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Affiliated Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xue-Liang Peng
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hao-Ru Li
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jia-Xuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ji-Si-Yu Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xin-Ya Qi
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shao-Jie Ye
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hai-Lun Gong
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiao-Hong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jiangming Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guohua Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Affiliated Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dai-Xu Wei
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
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Lim YS, Ok YJ, Hwang SY, Kwak JY, Yoon S. Marine Collagen as A Promising Biomaterial for Biomedical Applications. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:E467. [PMID: 31405173 PMCID: PMC6723527 DOI: 10.3390/md17080467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This review focuses on the expanding role of marine collagen (MC)-based scaffolds for biomedical applications. A scaffold-a three-dimensional (3D) structure fabricated from biomaterials-is a key supporting element for cell attachment, growth, and maintenance in 3D cell culture and tissue engineering. The mechanical and biological properties of the scaffolds influence cell morphology, behavior, and function. MC, collagen derived from marine organisms, offers advantages over mammalian collagen due to its biocompatibility, biodegradability, easy extractability, water solubility, safety, low immunogenicity, and low production costs. In recent years, the use of MC as an increasingly valuable scaffold biomaterial has drawn considerable attention from biomedical researchers. The characteristics, isolation, physical, and biochemical properties of MC are discussed as an understanding of MC in optimizing the subsequent modification and the chemistries behind important tissue engineering applications. The latest technologies behind scaffold processing are assessed and the biomedical applications of MC and MC-based scaffolds, including tissue engineering and regeneration, wound dressing, drug delivery, and therapeutic approach for diseases, especially those associated with metabolic disturbances such as obesity and diabetes, are discussed. Despite all the challenges, MC holds great promise as a biomaterial for developing medical products and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye-Seon Lim
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea
| | - Ye-Jin Ok
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea
| | - Seon-Yeong Hwang
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea
| | - Jong-Young Kwak
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea
| | - Sik Yoon
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea.
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Felician FF, Xia C, Qi W, Xu H. Collagen from Marine Biological Sources and Medical Applications. Chem Biodivers 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201700557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fatuma Felix Felician
- The Engineering Research Center of Peptide Drug Discovery and Development; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing 211198 Jiangsu Province P. R. China
| | - Chunlei Xia
- The Engineering Research Center of Peptide Drug Discovery and Development; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing 211198 Jiangsu Province P. R. China
| | - Weiyan Qi
- The Engineering Research Center of Peptide Drug Discovery and Development; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing 211198 Jiangsu Province P. R. China
- Department of Marine Pharmacy; College of Life Science and Technology; P. R. China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing 211198 Jiangsu Province P. R. China
| | - Hanmei Xu
- The Engineering Research Center of Peptide Drug Discovery and Development; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing 211198 Jiangsu Province P. R. China
- Department of Marine Pharmacy; College of Life Science and Technology; P. R. China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing 211198 Jiangsu Province P. R. China
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Chang J, Liu W, Han B, Peng S, He B, Gu Z. Investigation of the skin repair and healing mechanism of N-carboxymethyl chitosan in second-degree burn wounds. Wound Repair Regen 2012; 21:113-21. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1524-475x.2012.00859.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2011] [Accepted: 08/13/2012] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials; Sichuan University; Chengdu China
- College of Marine Life Science; Ocean University of China; Qingdao China
| | - Wanshun Liu
- College of Marine Life Science; Ocean University of China; Qingdao China
| | - Baoqin Han
- College of Marine Life Science; Ocean University of China; Qingdao China
| | - Sikai Peng
- College of Marine Life Science; Ocean University of China; Qingdao China
| | - Bin He
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials; Sichuan University; Chengdu China
| | - Zhongwei Gu
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials; Sichuan University; Chengdu China
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Kolk A, Handschel J, Drescher W, Rothamel D, Kloss F, Blessmann M, Heiland M, Wolff KD, Smeets R. Current trends and future perspectives of bone substitute materials - from space holders to innovative biomaterials. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2012; 40:706-18. [PMID: 22297272 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcms.2012.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 266] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2011] [Revised: 01/03/2012] [Accepted: 01/03/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
An autologous bone graft is still the ideal material for the repair of craniofacial defects, but its availability is limited and harvesting can be associated with complications. Bone replacement materials as an alternative have a long history of success. With increasing technological advances the spectrum of grafting materials has broadened to allografts, xenografts, and synthetic materials, providing material specific advantages. A large number of bone-graft substitutes are available including allograft bone preparations such as demineralized bone matrix and calcium-based materials. More and more replacement materials consist of one or more components: an osteoconductive matrix, which supports the ingrowth of new bone; and osteoinductive proteins, which sustain mitogenesis of undifferentiated cells; and osteogenic cells (osteoblasts or osteoblast precursors), which are capable of forming bone in the proper environment. All substitutes can either replace autologous bone or expand an existing amount of autologous bone graft. Because an understanding of the properties of each material enables individual treatment concepts this review presents an overview of the principles of bone replacement, the types of graft materials available, and considers future perspectives. Bone substitutes are undergoing a change from a simple replacement material to an individually created composite biomaterial with osteoinductive properties to enable enhanced defect bridging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Kolk
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Technische Universität München, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675 Munich, Germany.
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Isolation, characterization and biological evaluation of jellyfish collagen for use in biomedical applications. Mar Drugs 2011; 9:967-983. [PMID: 21747742 PMCID: PMC3131555 DOI: 10.3390/md9060967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2011] [Revised: 05/20/2011] [Accepted: 05/26/2011] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibrillar collagens are the more abundant extracellular proteins. They form a metazoan-specific family, and are highly conserved from sponge to human. Their structural and physiological properties have been successfully used in the food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries. On the other hand, the increase of jellyfish has led us to consider this marine animal as a natural product for food and medicine. Here, we have tested different Mediterranean jellyfish species in order to investigate the economic potential of their collagens. We have studied different methods of collagen purification (tissues and experimental procedures). The best collagen yield was obtained using Rhizostoma pulmo oral arms and the pepsin extraction method (2–10 mg collagen/g of wet tissue). Although a significant yield was obtained with Cotylorhiza tuberculata (0.45 mg/g), R. pulmo was used for further experiments, this jellyfish being considered as harmless to humans and being an abundant source of material. Then, we compared the biological properties of R. pulmo collagen with mammalian fibrillar collagens in cell cytotoxicity assays and cell adhesion. There was no statistical difference in cytotoxicity (p > 0.05) between R. pulmo collagen and rat type I collagen. However, since heparin inhibits cell adhesion to jellyfish-native collagen by 55%, the main difference is that heparan sulfate proteoglycans could be preferentially involved in fibroblast and osteoblast adhesion to jellyfish collagens. Our data confirm the broad harmlessness of jellyfish collagens, and their biological effect on human cells that are similar to that of mammalian type I collagen. Given the bioavailability of jellyfish collagen and its biological properties, this marine material is thus a good candidate for replacing bovine or human collagens in selected biomedical applications.
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