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Tungkijanansin N, Sirinara P, Tunvirachaisakul C, Srikam S, Kittiban K, Thongthip S, Kerdcharoen T, Maes M, Kulsing C. Sweat-based stress screening with gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry and electronic nose. Anal Chim Acta 2024; 1320:343029. [PMID: 39142792 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2024.343029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2024] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diagnosis of stress generally involves uses of questionnaires which can provide biased results. The more reliable approach relies on observation of individual symptoms by psychiatrists which is time consuming and could not be applicable for massive scale screening tests. This research established alternative approaches with gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry (GC-IMS) and electronic nose (e-nose) to perform fast stress screening based on fingerprinting of highly volatile compounds in headspaces of sweat. The investigated samples were obtained from 154 female nurse volunteers who also provided the data of questionnaire-based mental health scores with the high stress cases confirmed by psychiatrists. RESULTS The interviews by psychiatrists revealed 14 volunteers with high stress. Their axillary sweat samples and that from 32 nurses with low/moderate stress (controls) were collected onto cotton rods and analysed with GC-IMS. The possible marker peaks were selected based on the accuracy data. They were tentatively identified as ammonia, diethyl ether, methanol, octane, pentane, acetone and dimethylamine which could involve different endogenous mechanisms or the relationships with the local microbiomes. The data were further analysed using partial least squares discriminant analysis with the receiver operating characteristic curves showing the optimum accuracy, sensitivity and selectivity of 87%, 86% and 88%, respectively. Providing that the samples were obtained from the nurses without deodorant uses, the high stress cases could be screened using e-nose sensors with the accuracy of 89%. The sensor responses could be correlated with the marker peak area data in GC-IMS with the coefficients ranging from -0.70 to 0.80. SIGNIFICANCE This represents the first investigation of highly volatile compound markers in sweat for high stress screening. The established methods were simple, reliable, rapid and non-invasive, which could be further adapted into the portable platform of e-nose sensors with the practical application to perform the screening tests for nurses in Phra Nakorn Si Ayutthaya hospital, Thailand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuttanee Tungkijanansin
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Patthrarawalai Sirinara
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Chavit Tunvirachaisakul
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Cognitive Impairment and Dementia, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Saran Srikam
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya Hospital, Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya, 13000, Thailand
| | - Kasinee Kittiban
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya Hospital, Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya, 13000, Thailand
| | - Siriwan Thongthip
- Maha Chakri Sirindhorn Clinical Research Center Under the Royal Patronage, Research Affairs, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Teerakiat Kerdcharoen
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, and Research Network of NANOTEC at Mahidol University National Nanotechnology Center, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Michael Maes
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Cognitive Impairment and Dementia, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Chadin Kulsing
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand; Electrochemistry and Optical Spectroscopy Center of Excellence (EOSCE), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
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Parr-Cortes Z, Müller CT, Talas L, Mendl M, Guest C, Rooney NJ. The odour of an unfamiliar stressed or relaxed person affects dogs' responses to a cognitive bias test. Sci Rep 2024; 14:15843. [PMID: 39039125 PMCID: PMC11263577 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-66147-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Dogs can discriminate stressed from non-stressed human odour samples, but the effect on their cognition is unstudied. Using a cognitive bias task, we tested how human odours affect dogs' likelihood of approaching a food bowl placed at three ambiguous locations ("near-positive", "middle" and "near-negative") between trained "positive" (rewarded) and "negative" (unrewarded) locations. Using odour samples collected from three unfamiliar volunteers during stressful and relaxing activities, we tested eighteen dogs under three conditions: no odour, stress odour and relaxed odour, with the order of test odours counterbalanced across dogs. When exposed to stress odour during session three, dogs were significantly less likely to approach a bowl placed at one of the three ambiguous locations (near-negative) compared to no odour, indicating possible risk-reduction behaviours in response to the smell of human stress. Dogs' learning of trained positive and negative locations improved with repeated testing and was significant between sessions two and three only when exposed to stress odour during session three, suggesting odour influenced learning. This is the first study to show that without visual or auditory cues, olfactory cues of human stress may affect dogs' cognition and learning, which, if true, could have important consequences for dog welfare and working performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Parr-Cortes
- Bristol Veterinary School, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS40 5DU, UK.
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AX, UK.
| | - C T Müller
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AX, UK
| | - L Talas
- Bristol Veterinary School, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS40 5DU, UK
| | - M Mendl
- Bristol Veterinary School, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS40 5DU, UK
| | - C Guest
- Medical Detection Dogs, Milton Keynes, MK17 0NP, UK
| | - N J Rooney
- Bristol Veterinary School, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS40 5DU, UK
- Medical Detection Dogs, Milton Keynes, MK17 0NP, UK
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Maidodou L, Clarot I, Leemans M, Fromantin I, Marchioni E, Steyer D. Unraveling the potential of breath and sweat VOC capture devices for human disease detection: a systematic-like review of canine olfaction and GC-MS analysis. Front Chem 2023; 11:1282450. [PMID: 38025078 PMCID: PMC10646374 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2023.1282450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of disease screening methods using biomedical detection dogs relies on the collection and analysis of body odors, particularly volatile organic compounds (VOCs) present in body fluids. To capture and analyze odors produced by the human body, numerous protocols and materials are used in forensics or medical studies. This paper provides an overview of sampling devices used to collect VOCs from sweat and exhaled air, for medical diagnostic purposes using canine olfaction and/or Gas Chromatography-Mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Canine olfaction and GC-MS are regarded as complementary tools, holding immense promise for detecting cancers and infectious diseases. However, existing literature lacks guidelines for selecting materials suitable for both canine olfaction and GC-MS. Hence, this review aims to address this gap and pave the way for efficient body odor sampling materials. The first section of the paper describes the materials utilized in training sniffing dogs, while the second section delves into the details of sampling devices and extraction techniques employed for exhaled air and sweat analysis using GC-MS. Finally, the paper proposes the development of an ideal sampling device tailored for detection purposes in the field of odorology. By bridging the knowledge gap, this study seeks to advance disease detection methodologies, harnessing the unique abilities of both dogs and GC-MS analysis in biomedical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laetitia Maidodou
- Twistaroma, Illkirch Graffenstaden, France
- CITHEFOR, EA 3452, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
- DSA, IPHC UMR7178, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Igor Clarot
- CITHEFOR, EA 3452, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | - Michelle Leemans
- Clinical Epidemiology and Ageing, IMRB—Paris Est Créteil University /Inserm U955, Créteil, France
| | - Isabelle Fromantin
- Clinical Epidemiology and Ageing, IMRB—Paris Est Créteil University /Inserm U955, Créteil, France
- Wound Care and Research Unit, Curie Institute, Paris, France
| | - Eric Marchioni
- DSA, IPHC UMR7178, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
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Mansour E, Saliba W, Broza YY, Frankfurt O, Zuri L, Ginat K, Palzur E, Shamir A, Haick H. Continuous Monitoring of Psychosocial Stress by Non-Invasive Volatilomics. ACS Sens 2023; 8:3215-3224. [PMID: 37494456 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.3c00945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Stress is becoming increasingly commonplace in modern times, making it important to have accurate and effective detection methods. Currently, detection methods such as self-evaluation and clinical questionnaires are subjective and unsuitable for long-term monitoring. There have been significant studies into biomarkers such as HRV, cortisol, electrocardiography, and blood biomarkers, but the use of multiple electrodes for electrocardiography or blood tests is impractical for real-time stress monitoring. To this end, there is a need for non-invasive sensors to monitor stress in real time. This study looks at the possibility of using breath and skin VOC fingerprinting as stress biomarkers. The Trier social stress test (TSST) was used to induce acute stress and HRV, cortisol, and anxiety levels were measured before, during, and after the test. GC-MS and sensor array were used to collect and measure VOCs. A prediction model found eight different stress-related VOCs with an accuracy of up to 78%, and a molecularly capped gold nanoparticle-based sensor revealed a significant difference in breath VOC fingerprints between the two groups. These stress-related VOCs either changed or returned to baseline after the stress induction, suggesting different metabolic pathways at different times. A correlation analysis revealed an association between VOCs and cortisol levels and a weak correlation with either HRV or anxiety levels, suggesting that VOCs may include complementary information in stress detection. This study shows the potential of VOCs as stress biomarkers, paving the way into developing a real-time, objective, non-invasive stress detection tool for well-being and early detection of stress-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elias Mansour
- The Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Walaa Saliba
- The Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Yoav Y Broza
- The Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Ora Frankfurt
- Maale Hacarmel Mental Health Center, Tirat Carmel 3911917, Israel
| | - Liat Zuri
- The Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Karen Ginat
- Mazor Mental Health Center, Akko 2423314, Israel
| | - Eilam Palzur
- Eliachar Research Laboratory, Galilee Medical Center, P.O. Box 21, Nahariya 2210001, Israel
| | - Alon Shamir
- Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
- Mazor Mental Health Center, Akko 2423314, Israel
| | - Hossam Haick
- The Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
- The Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
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Alhejaili R, Alomainy A. The Use of Wearable Technology in Providing Assistive Solutions for Mental Well-Being. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:7378. [PMID: 37687834 PMCID: PMC10490605 DOI: 10.3390/s23177378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
The main goal of this manuscript is to provide an extensive literature review and analysis of certain biomarkers, which are frequently used to identify stress, anxiety, and other emotions, leading to potential solutions for the monitoring of mental wellness using wearable technologies. It is possible to see the impacts of several biomarkers in detecting stress levels and their effectiveness with an investigation into the literature on this subject. Biofeedback training has demonstrated some psychological effects, such as a reduction in anxiety and self-control enhancement. This survey demonstrates backed up by evidence that wearable devices are assistive in providing health and mental wellness solutions. Because physical activity tracing would reduce the stress stressors, which affect the subject's body, therefore, it would also affect the mental activity and would lead to a reduction in cognitive mental load.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reham Alhejaili
- School of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK
- Department of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, College of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 23218, Saudi Arabia
| | - Akram Alomainy
- Antennas and Electromagnetics Research Group, School of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK;
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Géhin C, Tokarska J, Fowler SJ, Barran PE, Trivedi DK. No skin off your back: the sampling and extraction of sebum for metabolomics. Metabolomics 2023; 19:21. [PMID: 36964290 PMCID: PMC10038389 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-023-01982-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sebum-based metabolomics (a subset of "sebomics") is a developing field that involves the sampling, identification, and quantification of metabolites found in human sebum. Sebum is a lipid-rich oily substance secreted by the sebaceous glands onto the skin surface for skin homeostasis, lubrication, thermoregulation, and environmental protection. Interest in sebomics has grown over the last decade due to its potential for rapid analysis following non-invasive sampling for a range of clinical and environmental applications. OBJECTIVES To provide an overview of various sebum sampling techniques with their associated challenges. To evaluate applications of sebum for clinical research, drug monitoring, and human biomonitoring. To provide a commentary of the opportunities of using sebum as a diagnostic biofluid in the future. METHODS Bibliometric analyses of selected keywords regarding skin surface analysis using the Scopus search engine from 1960 to 2022 was performed on 12th January 2023. The published literature was compartmentalised based on what the work contributed to in the following areas: the understanding about sebum, its composition, the analytical technologies used, or the purpose of use of sebum. The findings were summarised in this review. RESULTS Historically, about 15 methods of sampling have been used for sebum collection. The sample preparation approaches vary depending on the analytes of interest and are summarised. The use of sebum is not limited to just skin diseases or drug monitoring but also demonstrated for other systemic disease. Most of the work carried out for untargeted analysis of metabolites associated with sebum has been in the recent two decades. CONCLUSION Sebum has a huge potential beyond skin research and understanding how one's physiological state affects or reflects on the skin metabolome via the sebaceous glands itself or by interactions with sebaceous secretion, will open doors for simpler biomonitoring. Sebum acts as a sink to environmental metabolites and has applications awaiting to be explored, such as biosecurity, cross-border migration, localised exposure to harmful substances, and high-throughput population screening. These applications will be possible with rapid advances in volatile headspace and lipidomics method development as well as the ability of the metabolomics community to annotate unknown species better. A key issue with skin surface analysis that remains unsolved is attributing the source of the metabolites found on the skin surface before meaningful biological interpretation.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Géhin
- School of Chemistry, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK
| | - J Tokarska
- School of Chemistry, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK
| | - S J Fowler
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - P E Barran
- School of Chemistry, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK
| | - D K Trivedi
- School of Chemistry, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK.
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Hu B. Non-invasive Sampling of Human Body Fluids Using In Vivo SPME. EVOLUTION OF SOLID PHASE MICROEXTRACTION TECHNOLOGY 2023:451-465. [DOI: 10.1039/bk9781839167300-00451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Noninvasive body fluids offer attractive sources to gain insights into human health. The in vivo solid-phase microextraction (SPME) technique is a fast and versatile sample preparation technique for the noninvasive sampling of human body fluids in various fields. This chapter summarizes the applications of SPME coupled with mass spectrometry (MS)-based approaches for noninvasive investigations of human body fluids, including urine, sweat, and saliva. New features of noninvasive SPME sampling and MS-based analysis are highlighted, and the prospects on their further development are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Hu
- Institute of Mass Spectrometry and Atmospheric Environment Jinan University Guangzhou 510632 China
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Ataabadi MS, Bahmanpour S, Yousefinejad S, Alaee S. Blood volatile organic compounds as potential biomarkers for poly cystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS): An animal study in the PCOS rat model. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2023; 226:106215. [PMID: 36332782 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2022.106215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) as a common metabolic and endocrinological disorder can affect the metabolic profile in biological fluids. We studied the profile of blood volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in rats with PCOS and controls to identify potential specific biomarkers of blood VOCs in PCOS rats. For this purpose, 30 female adult Wistar rats were assigned to two groups: control and PCOS groups. PCOS model was induced using letrozole gavage (1 mg/kg) for 21 days. The rats in the control group received water of the same volume for 21 days. During treatment, a collection of vaginal smears was done every day for estrus cycle determination and weight was measured weekly. On the day after the last administration of letrozole, the rats were killed and their blood and ovaries were collected. Testosterone levels and histologic changes in ovaries were examined. Also, headspace-solid phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS) analyzed the VOCs in the blood of PCOS and control rats. Multivariate and univariate statistical analyses were used to find the potential biomarkers for a rat model of PCOS. Weight gain, ovarian and vaginal pathological alteration, as well as hyperandrogenemia, confirmed the successful induction of the PCOS in rats. The results of blood VOCs analysis showed that nine VOCs were significantly elevated and one VOC decreased in the PCOS group than the control group (P < 0/05). The partial least-squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and principal component analysis (PCA) showed good separation of VOCs between the PCOS rats and the control group. The 4-ethylphenol and capric (decanoic) acid were selected as the potential biomarkers for PCOS diagnosis in the blood of the PCOS rats. The blood of PCOS rats had a specific profile of VOCs, which could be detected by GC-MS analysis. These findings can pave the way for further studies towards developing a new screening method for PCOS detection and studying their pathology, based on VOCs analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Sadeghi Ataabadi
- Department of Reproductive Biology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz Univcersity of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Soghra Bahmanpour
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Saeed Yousefinejad
- Research Center for Health Sciences, Institute of Health, Department of Occupational Health Engineering, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Sanaz Alaee
- Department of Reproductive Biology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz Univcersity of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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The Human Skin Volatolome: A Systematic Review of Untargeted Mass Spectrometry Analysis. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12090824. [PMID: 36144228 PMCID: PMC9504915 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12090824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The analysis of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) can provide important clinical information (entirely non-invasively); however, the exact extent to which VOCs from human skin can be signatures of health and disease is unknown. This systematic review summarises the published literature concerning the methodology, application, and volatile profiles of skin VOC studies. An online literature search was conducted in accordance with the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis, to identify human skin VOC studies using untargeted mass spectrometry (MS) methods. The principal outcome was chemically verified VOCs detected from the skin. Each VOC was cross-referenced using the CAS number against the Human Metabolome and KEGG databases to evaluate biological origins. A total of 29 studies identified 822 skin VOCs from 935 participants. Skin VOCs were commonly sampled from the hand (n = 9) or forearm (n = 7) using an absorbent patch (n = 15) with analysis by gas chromatography MS (n = 23). Twenty-two studies profiled the skin VOCs of healthy subjects, demonstrating a volatolome consisting of aldehydes (18%), carboxylic acids (12%), alkanes (12%), fatty alcohols (9%), ketones (7%), benzenes and derivatives (6%), alkenes (2%), and menthane monoterpenoids (2%). Of the VOCs identified, 13% had putative endogenous origins, 46% had tentative exogenous origins, and 40% were metabolites from mixed metabolic pathways. This review has comprehensively profiled the human skin volatolome, demonstrating the presence of a distinct VOC signature of healthy skin, which can be used as a reference for future researchers seeking to unlock the clinical potential of skin volatolomics. As significant proportions of identified VOCs have putative exogenous origins, strategies to minimise their presence through methodological refinements and identifying confounding compounds are discussed.
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Costa Queiroz ME, Donizeti de Souza I, Gustavo de Oliveira I, Grecco CF. In vivo solid phase microextraction for bioanalysis. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Rankin-Turner S, McMeniman CJ. A headspace collection chamber for whole body volatilomics. Analyst 2022; 147:5210-5222. [DOI: 10.1039/d2an01227h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The human body secretes a complex blend of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) via the skin, breath and bodily fluids. In this study, we have developed a headspace collection chamber for whole body volatilome profiling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Rankin-Turner
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Malaria Research Institute, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Conor J. McMeniman
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Malaria Research Institute, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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12
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Hu W, Wu W, Jian Y, Haick H, Zhang G, Qian Y, Yuan M, Yao M. Volatolomics in healthcare and its advanced detection technology. NANO RESEARCH 2022; 15:8185-8213. [PMID: 35789633 PMCID: PMC9243817 DOI: 10.1007/s12274-022-4459-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Various diseases increasingly challenge the health status and life quality of human beings. Volatolome emitted from patients has been considered as a potential family of markers, volatolomics, for diagnosis/screening. There are two fundamental issues of volatolomics in healthcare. On one hand, the solid relationship between the volatolome and specific diseases needs to be clarified and verified. On the other hand, effective methods should be explored for the precise detection of volatolome. Several comprehensive review articles had been published in this field. However, a timely and systematical summary and elaboration is still desired. In this review article, the research methodology of volatolomics in healthcare is critically considered and given out, at first. Then, the sets of volatolome according to specific diseases through different body sources and the analytical instruments for their identifications are systematically summarized. Thirdly, the advanced electronic nose and photonic nose technologies for volatile organic compounds (VOCs) detection are well introduced. The existed obstacles and future perspectives are deeply thought and discussed. This article could give a good guidance to researchers in this interdisciplinary field, not only understanding the cutting-edge detection technologies for doctors (medicinal background), but also making reference to clarify the choice of aimed VOCs during the sensor research for chemists, materials scientists, electronics engineers, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Hu
- School of Aerospace Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi’an, 730107 China
| | - Weiwei Wu
- Interdisciplinary Research Center of Smart Sensors, School of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Xidian University, Xi’an, 730107 China
| | - Yingying Jian
- Interdisciplinary Research Center of Smart Sensors, School of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Xidian University, Xi’an, 730107 China
| | - Hossam Haick
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200002 Israel
| | - Guangjian Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710061 China
| | - Yun Qian
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases of Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006 China
| | - Miaomiao Yuan
- The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518033 China
| | - Mingshui Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Multi-phase Complex Systems, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 310006 China
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences, Kyoto University Institute for Advanced Study, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501 Japan
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13
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Salman D, Ibrahim W, Kanabar A, Joyce A, Zhao B, Singapuri A, Wilde M, Cordell RL, McNally T, Ruszkiewicz D, Hadjithekli A, Free R, Greening N, Gaillard EA, Beardsmore C, Monks P, Brightling C, Siddiqui S, Thomas CLP. The variability of volatile organic compounds in the indoor air of clinical environments. J Breath Res 2021; 16. [PMID: 34724656 DOI: 10.1088/1752-7163/ac3565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The development of clinical breath-analysis is confounded by the variability of background volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Reliable interpretation of clinical breath-analysis at individual, and cohort levels requires characterisation of clinical-VOC levels and exposures. Active-sampling with thermal-desorption/gas chromatography-mass spectrometry recorded and evaluated VOC concentrations in 245 samples of indoor air from three sites in a large National Health Service (NHS) provider trust in the UK over 27 months. Data deconvolution, alignment and clustering isolated 7344 features attributable to VOC and described the variability (composition and concentration) of respirable clinical VOC. 328 VOC were observed in more than 5% of the samples and 68 VOC appeared in more than 30% of samples. Common VOC were associated with exogenous and endogenous sources and 17 VOC were identified as seasonal differentiators. The presence of metabolites from the anaesthetic sevoflurane, and putative-disease biomarkers in room air, indicated that exhaled VOC were a source of background-pollution in clinical breath-testing activity. With the exception of solvents, and waxes associated with personal protective equipment (PPE), exhaled VOC concentrations above 3µg m-3are unlikely to arise from room air contamination, and in the absence of extensive survey-data, this level could be applied as a threshold for inclusion in studies, removing a potential environmental confounding-factor in developing breath-based diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dahlia Salman
- Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, United Kingdom
| | - Wadah Ibrahim
- College of Life Sciences, Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester, LE1 7RH, United Kingdom.,Leicester NIHR Biomedical Research Centre (Respiratory theme), Glenfield Hospital, Groby Road, Leicester, LE3 9QP, United Kingdom
| | - Amisha Kanabar
- Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, United Kingdom
| | - Abigail Joyce
- Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, United Kingdom
| | - Bo Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester, LE1 7RH, United Kingdom.,Leicester NIHR Biomedical Research Centre (Respiratory theme), Glenfield Hospital, Groby Road, Leicester, LE3 9QP, United Kingdom
| | - Amisha Singapuri
- College of Life Sciences, Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester, LE1 7RH, United Kingdom.,Leicester NIHR Biomedical Research Centre (Respiratory theme), Glenfield Hospital, Groby Road, Leicester, LE3 9QP, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Wilde
- Department of Chemistry, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester, LE1 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca L Cordell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester, LE1 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - Teresa McNally
- College of Life Sciences, Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester, LE1 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - Dorota Ruszkiewicz
- Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, United Kingdom
| | - Andria Hadjithekli
- Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Free
- College of Life Sciences, Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester, LE1 7RH, United Kingdom.,Leicester NIHR Biomedical Research Centre (Respiratory theme), Glenfield Hospital, Groby Road, Leicester, LE3 9QP, United Kingdom
| | - Neil Greening
- College of Life Sciences, Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester, LE1 7RH, United Kingdom.,Leicester NIHR Biomedical Research Centre (Respiratory theme), Glenfield Hospital, Groby Road, Leicester, LE3 9QP, United Kingdom
| | - Erol A Gaillard
- College of Life Sciences, Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester, LE1 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - Caroline Beardsmore
- College of Life Sciences, Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester, LE1 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Monks
- Department of Chemistry, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester, LE1 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - Chris Brightling
- College of Life Sciences, Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester, LE1 7RH, United Kingdom.,Leicester NIHR Biomedical Research Centre (Respiratory theme), Glenfield Hospital, Groby Road, Leicester, LE3 9QP, United Kingdom
| | - Salman Siddiqui
- College of Life Sciences, Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester, LE1 7RH, United Kingdom.,Leicester NIHR Biomedical Research Centre (Respiratory theme), Glenfield Hospital, Groby Road, Leicester, LE3 9QP, United Kingdom
| | - C L Paul Thomas
- Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, United Kingdom
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14
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Lippi G, Heaney LM. The "olfactory fingerprint": can diagnostics be improved by combining canine and digital noses? Clin Chem Lab Med 2021; 58:958-967. [PMID: 31990659 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2019-1269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A sniffer (detecting) dog is conventionally defined as an animal trained to use its olfactory perceptions for detecting a vast array of substances, mostly volatile organic compounds (VOCs), including those exceptionally or exclusively generated in humans bearing specific pathologies. Such an extraordinary sniffing performance translates into the capability of detecting compounds close to the femtomolar level, with performance comparable to that of current mass spectrometry-based laboratory applications. Not only can dogs accurately detect "abnormal volatilomes" reflecting something wrong happening to their owners, but they can also perceive visual, vocal and behavioral signals, which altogether would contribute to raise their alertness. Although it seems reasonable to conclude that sniffer dogs could never be considered absolutely "diagnostic" for a given disorder, several lines of evidence attest that they may serve as efficient screening aids for many pathological conditions affecting their human companions. Favorable results have been obtained in trials on cancers, diabetes, seizures, narcolepsy and migraine, whilst interesting evidence is also emerging on the capability of early and accurately identifying patients with infectious diseases. This would lead the way to proposing an "olfactory fingerprint" loop, where evidence that dogs can identify the presence of human pathologies provides implicit proof of the existence of disease-specific volatilomes, which can be studied for developing laboratory techniques. Contextually, the evidence that specific pathologies are associated with abnormal VOC generation may serve as reliable basis for training dogs to detect these compounds, even (or especially) in patients at an asymptomatic phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Lippi
- Section of Clinical Biochemistry, Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement, University Hospital of Verona, Piazzale L.A. Scuro, 10, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Liam M Heaney
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
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15
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Durán Acevedo CM, Carrillo Gómez JK, Albarracín Rojas CA. Academic stress detection on university students during COVID-19 outbreak by using an electronic nose and the galvanic skin response. Biomed Signal Process Control 2021; 68:102756. [PMID: 36570516 PMCID: PMC9760229 DOI: 10.1016/j.bspc.2021.102756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Academic stress is an emotion that students experience during their time at the university, sometimes causing physical and mental health effects. Because of the COVID-19 pandemic, universities worldwide have left the classroom to provide the method of teaching virtually, generating challenges, adaptations, and more stress in students. In this pilot study, a methodology for academic stress detection in engineering students at the University of Pamplona (Colombia) is proposed by developing and implementing an artificial electronic nose system and the galvanic skin response. For the study, the student's stress state and characteristics were taken into account to make the data analysis where a set of measurements were acquired when the students were presenting a virtual exam. Likewise, for the non-stress state, a set of measurements were obtained in a relaxation state after the exam date. To carry out the pre-processing and data processing from the measurements obtained previously by both systems, a set of algorithms developed in Python software were used to perform the data analysis. Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA), K-Nearest Neighbors (K-NN), and Support Vector Machine (SVM) classification methods were applied for the data classification, where a 96 % success rate of classification was obtained with the E-nose, and 100 % classification was achieved by using the Galvanic Skin Response.
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16
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Electronic Devices for Stress Detection in Academic Contexts during Confinement Because of the COVID-19 Pandemic. ELECTRONICS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/electronics10030301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This article studies the development and implementation of different electronic devices for measuring signals during stress situations, specifically in academic contexts in a student group of the Engineering Department at the University of Pamplona (Colombia). For the research’s development, devices for measuring physiological signals were used through a Galvanic Skin Response (GSR), the electrical response of the heart by using an electrocardiogram (ECG), the electrical activity produced by the upper trapezius muscle (EMG), and the development of an electronic nose system (E-nose) as a pilot study for the detection and identification of the Volatile Organic Compounds profiles emitted by the skin. The data gathering was taken during an online test (during the COVID-19 Pandemic), in which the aim was to measure the student’s stress state and then during the relaxation state after the exam period. Two algorithms were used for the data process, such as Linear Discriminant Analysis and Support Vector Machine through the Python software for the classification and differentiation of the assessment, achieving 100% of classification through GSR, 90% with the E-nose system proposed, 90% with the EMG system, and 88% success by using ECG, respectively.
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17
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Wooding M, Rohwer ER, Naudé Y. Non-invasive sorptive extraction for the separation of human skin surface chemicals using comprehensive gas chromatography coupled to time-of-flight mass spectrometry: A mosquito-host biting site investigation. J Sep Sci 2020; 43:4202-4215. [PMID: 32902131 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202000522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Variation in inter-human attractiveness to mosquitoes, and the preference of mosquitoes to bite certain regions on the human host, are possible avenues for identifying lead compounds as potential mosquito attractants or repellents. We report a practical, non-invasive method for the separation and detection of skin surface chemical compounds and comparison of skin chemical profiles between the ankle and wrist skin surface area sampled over a 5-day period of a human volunteer using comprehensive gas chromatography coupled to time-of-flight mass spectrometry. An in-house made polydimethylsiloxane passive mini-sampler, worn as an anklet or a bracelet, was used to concentrate skin volatiles and semi-volatiles prior to thermal desorption directly in the gas chromatography. A novel method for the addition of an internal standard to sorptive samplers was introduced through solvent modification. This approach enabled a more reliable comparison of human skin surface chemical profiles. Compounds that were closely associated with the wrist included 6-methyl-1-heptanol, 3-(4-isopropylphenyl)-2-methylpropionaldehyde, 2-phenoxyethyl isobutyrate, and 2,4,6-trimethyl-pyridine. Conversely, compounds only detected on the ankle region included 2-butoxyethanol phosphate, 2-heptanone, and p-menthan-8-ol. In addition to known human skin compounds we report two compounds, carvone and (E)-2-decenal, not previously reported. Limits of detection ranged from 1 pg (carvone) to 362 pg (indole).
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Affiliation(s)
- Madelien Wooding
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, Gauteng, South Africa
| | - Egmont R Rohwer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, Gauteng, South Africa
| | - Yvette Naudé
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, Gauteng, South Africa
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18
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Wooding M, Rohwer ER, Naudé Y. Chemical profiling of the human skin surface for malaria vector control via a non-invasive sorptive sampler with GC×GC-TOFMS. Anal Bioanal Chem 2020; 412:5759-5777. [PMID: 32681223 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-020-02799-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and semi-VOCs detected on the human skin surface are of great interest to researchers in the fields of metabolomics, diagnostics, and skin microbiota and in the study of anthropophilic vector mosquitoes. Mosquitoes use chemical cues to find their host, and humans can be ranked for attractiveness to mosquitoes based on their skin chemical profile. Additionally, mosquitoes show a preference to bite certain regions on the human host. In this study, the chemical differences in the skin surface profiles of 20 human volunteers were compared based on inter-human attractiveness to mosquitoes, as well as inter- and intra-human mosquito biting site preference. A passive, non-invasive approach was followed to sample the wrist and ankle skin surface region. An in-house developed polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) passive sampler was used to concentrate skin VOCs and semi-VOCs prior to thermal desorption directly in the GC inlet with comprehensive gas chromatography coupled to time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC×GC-TOFMS). Compounds from a broad range of chemical classes were detected and identified as contributing to the differences in the surface skin chemical profiles. 5-Ethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene, 1,1'-oxybisoctane, 2-(dodecyloxy)ethanol, α,α-dimethylbenzene methanol, methyl salicylate, 2,6,10,14-tetramethylhexadecane, 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid, bis(2-methylpropyl) ester, 4-methylbenzaldehyde, 2,6-diisopropylnaphthalene, n-hexadecanoic acid, and γ-oxobenzenebutanoic acid ethyl ester were closely associated with individuals who perceived themselves as attractive for mosquitoes. Additionally, biological lead compounds as potential attractants or repellants in vector control strategies were tentatively identified. Results augment current knowledge on human skin chemical profiles and show the potential of using a non-invasive sampling approach to investigate anthropophilic mosquito-host interactions. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madelien Wooding
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa
| | - Egmont R Rohwer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa
| | - Yvette Naudé
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa.
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19
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Hussan JR, Hunter PJ. Our natural "makeup" reveals more than it hides: Modeling the skin and its microbiome. WIREs Mech Dis 2020; 13:e1497. [PMID: 32539232 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Skin is our primary interface with the environment. A structurally and functionally complex organ that hosts a dynamic ecosystem of microbes, and synthesizes many compounds that affect our well-being and psychosocial interactions. It is a natural platform of signal exchange between internal organs, skin resident microbes, and the environment. These interactions have gained a great deal of attention due to the increased prevalence of atopic diseases, and the co-occurrence of multiple allergic diseases related to allergic sensitization in early life. Despite significant advances in experimentally characterizing the skin, its microbial ecology, and disease phenotypes, high-levels of variability in these characteristics even for the same clinical phenotype are observed. Addressing this variability and resolving the relevant biological processes requires a systems approach. This review presents some of our current understanding of the skin, skin-immune, skin-neuroendocrine, skin-microbiome interactions, and computer-based modeling approaches to simulate this ecosystem in the context of health and disease. The review highlights the need for a systems-based understanding of this sophisticated ecosystem. This article is categorized under: Infectious Diseases > Computational Models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagir R Hussan
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Peter J Hunter
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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20
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Zamkah A, Hui T, Andrews S, Dey N, Shi F, Sherratt RS. Identification of Suitable Biomarkers for Stress and Emotion Detection for Future Personal Affective Wearable Sensors. BIOSENSORS-BASEL 2020; 10:bios10040040. [PMID: 32316280 PMCID: PMC7235866 DOI: 10.3390/bios10040040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Skin conductivity (i.e., sweat) forms the basis of many physiology-based emotion and stress detection systems. However, such systems typically do not detect the biomarkers present in sweat, and thus do not take advantage of the biological information in the sweat. Likewise, such systems do not detect the volatile organic components (VOC’s) created under stressful conditions. This work presents a review into the current status of human emotional stress biomarkers and proposes the major potential biomarkers for future wearable sensors in affective systems. Emotional stress has been classified as a major contributor in several social problems, related to crime, health, the economy, and indeed quality of life. While blood cortisol tests, electroencephalography and physiological parameter methods are the gold standards for measuring stress; however, they are typically invasive or inconvenient and not suitable for wearable real-time stress monitoring. Alternatively, cortisol in biofluids and VOCs emitted from the skin appear to be practical and useful markers for sensors to detect emotional stress events. This work has identified antistress hormones and cortisol metabolites as the primary stress biomarkers that can be used in future sensors for wearable affective systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulaziz Zamkah
- Biomedical Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, The University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AY, UK; (A.Z.); (T.H.); (S.A.)
| | - Terence Hui
- Biomedical Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, The University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AY, UK; (A.Z.); (T.H.); (S.A.)
| | - Simon Andrews
- Biomedical Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, The University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AY, UK; (A.Z.); (T.H.); (S.A.)
| | - Nilanjan Dey
- Department of Information Technology, Techno India College of Technology, West Bengal 700156, India;
| | - Fuqian Shi
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA;
| | - R. Simon Sherratt
- Biomedical Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, The University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AY, UK; (A.Z.); (T.H.); (S.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-118-378-8588
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21
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Abstract
Biological surfaces such as skin and ocular surface provide a plethora of information about the underlying biological activity of living organisms. However, they pose unique problems arising from their innate complexity, constant exposure of the surface to the surrounding elements, and the general requirement of any sampling method to be as minimally invasive as possible. Therefore, it is challenging but also rewarding to develop novel analytical tools that are suitable for in vivo and in situ sampling from biological surfaces. In this context, wearable extraction devices including passive samplers, extractive patches, and different microextraction technologies come forward as versatile, low-invasive, fast, and reliable sampling and sample preparation tools that are applicable for in vivo and in situ sampling. This review aims to address recent developments in non-invasive in vivo and in situ sampling methods from biological surfaces that introduce new ways and improve upon existing ones. Directions for the development of future technology and potential areas of applications such as clinical, bioanalytical, and doping analyses will also be discussed. These advancements include various types of passive samplers, hydrogels, and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) patches/microarrays, and other wearable extraction devices used mainly in skin sampling, among other novel techniques developed for ocular surface and oral tissue/fluid sampling.
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22
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Beauclercq S, Lefèvre A, Montigny F, Collin A, Tesseraud S, Leterrier C, Emond P, Guilloteau LA. A multiplatform metabolomic approach to characterize fecal signatures of negative postnatal events in chicks: a pilot study. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2019; 10:21. [PMID: 31007908 PMCID: PMC6454711 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-019-0335-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Negative experiences in early life can induce long-lasting effects on the welfare, health, and performance of farm animals. A delayed placement of chicks in rearing houses has negative effects on their performance, and results in fecal-specific odors detectable by rats. Based on this observation, the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and metabolites from the feces of 12-day-old chickens were screened for early markers of response to negative events using gas-chromatography and liquid-chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS, LC-HRMS). Results The low reproducibility of solid-phase micro-extraction of the VOCs followed by GC-MS was not suitable for marker discovery, in contrast to liquid extraction of metabolites from freeze-dried feces followed by GC-MS or LC-HRMS analysis. Therefore, the fecal metabolome from 12-day-old chicks having experienced a normal or delayed placement were recorded by GC-MS and LC-HRMS in two genotypes from two experiments. From both experiments, 25 and 35 metabolites, respectively explaining 81% and 45% of the difference between delayed and control chickens, were identified by orthogonal partial least-squares discriminant analysis from LC-HRMS and GC-MS profiling. Conclusion The sets of molecules identified will be useful to better understand the chicks’ response to negative events over time and will contribute to define stress or welfare biomarkers. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s40104-019-0335-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Antoine Lefèvre
- 2Université de Tours, PST Analyse des systèmes biologiques, Tours, France
| | - Frédéric Montigny
- 2Université de Tours, PST Analyse des systèmes biologiques, Tours, France
| | - Anne Collin
- 1BOA, INRA, Université de Tours, 37380 Nouzilly, France
| | | | | | - Patrick Emond
- 2Université de Tours, PST Analyse des systèmes biologiques, Tours, France.,4UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, Tours, France.,5CHRU de Tours, Service de Médecine Nucléaire In Vitro, Tours, France
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23
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Duffy E, Morrin A. Endogenous and microbial volatile organic compounds in cutaneous health and disease. Trends Analyt Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2018.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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24
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Roodt AP, Naudé Y, Stoltz A, Rohwer E. Human skin volatiles: Passive sampling and GC × GC-ToFMS analysis as a tool to investigate the skin microbiome and interactions with anthropophilic mosquito disease vectors. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2018; 1097-1098:83-93. [PMID: 30212730 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2018.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emanating from the surfaces of human skin are of great interest to researchers in medical and forensic fields, as well as to biologists studying the ecology of blood-feeding insect vectors of human disease. Research involving the comparison of relative abundances of VOCs emanating from human skin is currently limited by the methodology used for sample collection and pre-concentration. The use of in-house developed silicone rubber (polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)) passive sampling devices constructed in the form of bracelets and anklets was explored to address this need. The easy-to-use samplers were employed as non-invasive passive sampling devices for the non-targeted collection and concentration of volatile human skin emissions prior to thermal desorption thereof coupled with comprehensive gas chromatographic time-of-flight mass spectrometric (GC × GC-TOFMS) analysis. Compounds collected were from a wide range of compound classes. Several compounds, notably cyclic ketones, identified have not been previously reported in skin volatile literature. Comparison of normalized unique mass peak area signals has revealed relative quantitative differences and similarities between the samples collected from two individuals' wrists and as well as between an individual's wrist and ankle. The sampling method was evaluated based on its ability to provide many candidate compounds for potential biomarker discovery. The results show the ability of the new sampling method for augmenting the current knowledge on human skin volatile emissions. The samplers are both easy to use and economical. Applications explored include the study of the complex relationships between the human skin microbiome and the attractiveness of individuals to anthropophilic blood host seeking mosquitoes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis P Roodt
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Yvette Naudé
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.
| | - Anton Stoltz
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Egmont Rohwer
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
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25
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Winters BR, Pleil JD, Boyer JC, Nylander-French LA, Wallace MAG, Madden MC. Review: Endogenously Produced Volatiles for In Vitro Toxicity Testing Using Cell Lines. APPLIED IN VITRO TOXICOLOGY 2018; 4:129-138. [PMID: 31037250 PMCID: PMC5994904 DOI: 10.1089/aivt.2017.0038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Due to the ∼86,000 chemicals registered under the Toxic Substances Control Act and increasing ethical concerns regarding animal testing, it is not economically or technically feasible to screen every registered chemical for toxicity using animal-based toxicity assays. To address this challenge, regulatory agencies are investigating high-throughput screening in vitro methods to increase speed of toxicity testing, while reducing the overall cost. One approach for rapid toxicity testing currently being investigated is monitoring of volatile emissions produced by cell lines in culture. Such a metabolomics approach would measure gaseous emissions from a cell line and determine if such gaseous metabolites are altered upon exposure to a xenobiotic. Herein, we describe the history and rationale of monitoring endogenously produced volatiles for identification of pathologic conditions, as well as emerging applications in toxicity testing for such an approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett R. Winters
- Curriculum in Toxicology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Joachim D. Pleil
- Exposure Methods and Measurements Division, NERL/ORD, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Jayne C. Boyer
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Leena A. Nylander-French
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - M. Ariel Geer Wallace
- Exposure Methods and Measurements Division, NERL/ORD, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Michael C. Madden
- Environmental Public Health Division, NHEERL/ORD, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
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