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Basile G, De Luca L, Calabrese M, Lambiase G, Pizzolongo F, Romano R. The Lipidic and Volatile Components of Coffee Pods and Capsules Packaged in an Alternative Multilayer Film. Foods 2024; 13:759. [PMID: 38472871 DOI: 10.3390/foods13050759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Coffee pods and capsules require packaging that guarantees the optimal coffee preservation. The chemical composition of coffee can undergo quality decay phenomena during storage, especially in terms of lipidic and volatile components. Amongst coffee packaging, aluminum multilayer materials are particularly widely diffused. However, aluminum is a negative component because it is not recoverable in a mixed plastic structure and its specific weight gives significant weight to packaging. In this study, a multilayer film with a reduced content of aluminum was used to package coffe pods and capsules and compared to a standard film with an aluminum layer. Their influence on the peroxides and volatile organic compounds of two coffee blends, 100% Coffea arabica L., 50% Coffea arabica L., and 50% Coffea canephora var. robusta L., were studied during their 180-day shelf life. The predominant volatile organic compounds detected belonged to the class of furans and pyrazines. Both packaging materials used for both coffee blends in the pods and capsules showed no significant differences during storage. Thus, the alternative packaging with less aluminum had the same performance as the standard with the advantage of being more sustainable, reducing the packaging weight, with benefits for transportation, and preserving the coffee aroma during the shelf life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Basile
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Università 100, Portici, 80055 Napoli, Italy
| | - Lucia De Luca
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Università 100, Portici, 80055 Napoli, Italy
| | - Martina Calabrese
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Università 100, Portici, 80055 Napoli, Italy
| | | | - Fabiana Pizzolongo
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Università 100, Portici, 80055 Napoli, Italy
| | - Raffaele Romano
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Università 100, Portici, 80055 Napoli, Italy
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Xiang Y, Lei C, Hu G, Zhou W, Li Y, Huang D. Investigation of 60Co Irradiation on the Volatile Organic Compounds from Finger Citron ( Citri Sarcodactylis Fructus) Using GC-IMS. Foods 2023; 12:3543. [PMID: 37835196 PMCID: PMC10572713 DOI: 10.3390/foods12193543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, as the desire for a healthy lifestyle has become more widespread, consumers are gaining an increasing appreciation for safe, high-quality food. Researchers are constantly seeking new ways to protect foods from insect pests and fungi. This study used GC-IMS to analyze the volatile organic compounds and flavor characteristics of Finger Citron in response to different doses of 60Co irradiation. The principal component analysis method was used to explore the overall differences in flavor spectra, and a total of 60 compounds were identified. The fingerprints of volatile organic compounds in the samples showed that the volatile organic compounds with doses of 60Co irradiation in about 0 kGy and 5 kGy are similar, while the 10 kGy samples are quite different. The PCA results showed that the similarity between 0 kGy and 5 kGy was slightly higher, and the difference between 10 kGy and other samples was greater. Therefore, it was determined that 60Co irradiation with a 10 kGy intensity has a significant influence on the content of volatile oils components, while 60Co irradiation with a 5 kGy intensity has little effect. Irradiation technology is demonstrated as a promising method of food sterilization, but the irradiation dose and chemical composition must be taken into consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Powder and Medicine Innovation in Hunan (Incubation), Science and Technology Innovation Center, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China; (Y.X.); (C.L.); (G.H.); (W.Z.)
| | - Chang Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Powder and Medicine Innovation in Hunan (Incubation), Science and Technology Innovation Center, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China; (Y.X.); (C.L.); (G.H.); (W.Z.)
| | - Ge Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Powder and Medicine Innovation in Hunan (Incubation), Science and Technology Innovation Center, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China; (Y.X.); (C.L.); (G.H.); (W.Z.)
| | - Wei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Powder and Medicine Innovation in Hunan (Incubation), Science and Technology Innovation Center, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China; (Y.X.); (C.L.); (G.H.); (W.Z.)
| | - Ya Li
- School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
| | - Dan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Powder and Medicine Innovation in Hunan (Incubation), Science and Technology Innovation Center, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China; (Y.X.); (C.L.); (G.H.); (W.Z.)
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Fang X, Chen Y, Gao J, Run Z, Chen H, Shi R, Li Y, Zhang H, Liu Y. Application of GC-TOF/MS and GC×GC-TOF/MS to Discriminate Coffee Products in Three States (Bean, Powder, and Brew). Foods 2023; 12:3123. [PMID: 37628122 PMCID: PMC10453331 DOI: 10.3390/foods12163123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The volatiles in coffee play an important part in the overall flavor profile. In this study, GC-TOF/MS and GC×GC-TOF/MS were used to detect the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in coffee samples of three different brands at three states (bean, powder, and brew). The differences between the two methods in characterizing VOCs were analyzed using the Venn diagram and PCA (principal component analysis). The important aroma-contributing compounds were further compared and analyzed. The results of the venn diagrams of different coffee samples showed that most VOCs existed in 2-3 kinds of coffee. The PCA of VOCs in different coffee samples showed that the VOCs detected by GC-TOF/MS could distinguish the coffee samples in the different states. GC×GC-TOF/MS was suitable for the further identification and differentiation of the different brands of coffee samples. In addition, pyridine, pyrrole, alcohols, and phenols greatly contributed to distinguishing coffee in three states, and alcohols greatly contributed to distinguishing the three brands of coffee.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolei Fang
- College of Food and Health, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China;
| | - Yanping Chen
- Department of Food Science & Technology, School of Agriculture & Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (Y.C.); (J.G.); (Z.R.); (H.C.); (R.S.); (Y.L.)
| | - Jie Gao
- Department of Food Science & Technology, School of Agriculture & Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (Y.C.); (J.G.); (Z.R.); (H.C.); (R.S.); (Y.L.)
| | - Zimu Run
- Department of Food Science & Technology, School of Agriculture & Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (Y.C.); (J.G.); (Z.R.); (H.C.); (R.S.); (Y.L.)
| | - He Chen
- Department of Food Science & Technology, School of Agriculture & Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (Y.C.); (J.G.); (Z.R.); (H.C.); (R.S.); (Y.L.)
| | - Ruoqi Shi
- Department of Food Science & Technology, School of Agriculture & Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (Y.C.); (J.G.); (Z.R.); (H.C.); (R.S.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yingqiu Li
- Secondary College of Cereals and Tourism, Guangxi Vocational College of Technology and Business, Nanning 530005, China;
| | - Haihua Zhang
- College of Food and Health, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China;
| | - Yuan Liu
- Department of Food Science & Technology, School of Agriculture & Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (Y.C.); (J.G.); (Z.R.); (H.C.); (R.S.); (Y.L.)
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Li Q, Cai Q, Li X, Han E, Sun Y, Lu Y, Cai Z, Yu H. Effects of Palladium Precursors on the Activity of Palladium Nanocatalysts for the Oxidation of Volatile Organic Components. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2023; 13:1189. [PMID: 37049282 PMCID: PMC10097109 DOI: 10.3390/nano13071189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
To screen a suitable precursor, the effects of palladium salts on performance of Pd nanocatalysts for the oxidation of volatile organic components (VOCs) were investigated. A series of catalysts was prepared by impregnating Pd(NO3)2, PdCl2 and Pd(NH3)4Cl2 on alumina-coated cordierites. These catalysts were characterized by XRF, ICP-OES, XRD, N2 adsorption-desorption, TEM, EDS, Raman spectroscopy, pulse-CO chemisorption, H2-TPR, NH3-TPD, and XPS. Pulse-CO chemisorption and TEM showed that Pd species formed by Pd(NO3)2 have the highest metal dispersion (17.7%), while the other two were aggregating. For the same Pd loading, the higher the metal dispersion, the more the number of PdO species, so the number of PdO particles in the catalyst prepared from Pd (NO3) 2 is the largest. The catalytic oxidation activities of these catalysts were evaluated by ethane and propane. Based on a 99% conversion in the oxidation of ethane and propane at 598 K and 583 K, respectively, the catalyst prepared from Pd(NO3)2 was considered to be the best performing catalyst. The chloride species in precursors can promote the aggregation of Pd species and poison the catalysts. The results show that Pd(NO3)2 is more suitable as the precursor of VOC oxidation catalyst than PdCl2 and Pd(NH3)4Cl2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingtao Li
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China;
| | - Qi Cai
- CNOOC Tianjin Chemical Research and Design Institute Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300131, China; (Q.C.); (X.L.); (Y.S.); (Y.L.); (Z.C.)
| | - Xiaoyun Li
- CNOOC Tianjin Chemical Research and Design Institute Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300131, China; (Q.C.); (X.L.); (Y.S.); (Y.L.); (Z.C.)
| | - Enshan Han
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China;
| | - Yanmin Sun
- CNOOC Tianjin Chemical Research and Design Institute Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300131, China; (Q.C.); (X.L.); (Y.S.); (Y.L.); (Z.C.)
| | - Yanfei Lu
- CNOOC Tianjin Chemical Research and Design Institute Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300131, China; (Q.C.); (X.L.); (Y.S.); (Y.L.); (Z.C.)
| | - Zhe Cai
- CNOOC Tianjin Chemical Research and Design Institute Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300131, China; (Q.C.); (X.L.); (Y.S.); (Y.L.); (Z.C.)
| | - Haibin Yu
- CNOOC Tianjin Chemical Research and Design Institute Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300131, China; (Q.C.); (X.L.); (Y.S.); (Y.L.); (Z.C.)
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Min D, Li Z, Ai W, Li J, Zhou J, Zhang X, Mu D, Li F, Li X, Guo Y. The Co-regulation of Ethylene Biosynthesis and Ascorbate-Glutathione Cycle by Methy Jasmonate Contributes to Aroma Formation of Tomato Fruit during Postharvest Ripening. J Agric Food Chem 2020; 68:10822-10832. [PMID: 32866003 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c04519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Currently, many fruits are always harvested at the early ripening stage to reduce postharvest losses followed by 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) or ethephon treatment. However, harvesting at the early ripening stage adversely affects fruit quality, especially for the aroma. Methyl jasmonate (MeJA) treatment could induce the biosynthesis of bioactive compounds and maintain postharvest fruit quality. In the present work, the contributions of MeJA to tomato fruit quality during postharvest ripening were studied. The results showed that MeJA treatment significantly promoted the accumulation of volatile organic components (VOCs) by inducing the activities of enzymes related to lipoxygenase pathway and ethylene biosynthesis, whereas 1-MCP treatment largely inhibited the accumulation of VOCs by inhibiting activities of those enzymes. Although the application of ethephon also induced activities of the above enzymes in comparison with control, no significant differences were observed between the VOCs contents of the control and ethephon-treated fruit. Further study revealed that the ethephon treatment resulted in the enhancement of electrical conductivity and malondialdehyde content. Conversely, MeJA treatment inhibited the superoxide anion radical and hydrogen peroxide by regulating the ascorbate-glutathione cycle and further inhibited the enhancement of electrical conductivity and malondialdehyde content, which might be one of the most important reasons why the VOCs contents in fruit treated with ethephon were lower than those in MeJA-treated fruit. Thus, it is considered that MeJA treatment may be an effective and promising strategy to regulate postharvest tomato fruit quality, especially for the aroma, by regulating the ascorbate-glutathione cycle and ethylene biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dedong Min
- School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Zilong Li
- School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Wen Ai
- School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Jiaozhuo Li
- School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Jingxiang Zhou
- School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Xinhua Zhang
- School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Dan Mu
- Zibo Institute for Food and Drug Control, Zibo, 255049, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Fujun Li
- School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoan Li
- School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Yanyin Guo
- School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, Shandong, P.R. China
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Zamkah A, Hui T, Andrews S, Dey N, Shi F, Sherratt RS. Identification of Suitable Biomarkers for Stress and Emotion Detection for Future Personal Affective Wearable Sensors. Biosensors (Basel) 2020; 10:bios10040040. [PMID: 32316280 PMCID: PMC7235866 DOI: 10.3390/bios10040040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Skin conductivity (i.e., sweat) forms the basis of many physiology-based emotion and stress detection systems. However, such systems typically do not detect the biomarkers present in sweat, and thus do not take advantage of the biological information in the sweat. Likewise, such systems do not detect the volatile organic components (VOC’s) created under stressful conditions. This work presents a review into the current status of human emotional stress biomarkers and proposes the major potential biomarkers for future wearable sensors in affective systems. Emotional stress has been classified as a major contributor in several social problems, related to crime, health, the economy, and indeed quality of life. While blood cortisol tests, electroencephalography and physiological parameter methods are the gold standards for measuring stress; however, they are typically invasive or inconvenient and not suitable for wearable real-time stress monitoring. Alternatively, cortisol in biofluids and VOCs emitted from the skin appear to be practical and useful markers for sensors to detect emotional stress events. This work has identified antistress hormones and cortisol metabolites as the primary stress biomarkers that can be used in future sensors for wearable affective systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulaziz Zamkah
- Biomedical Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, The University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AY, UK; (A.Z.); (T.H.); (S.A.)
| | - Terence Hui
- Biomedical Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, The University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AY, UK; (A.Z.); (T.H.); (S.A.)
| | - Simon Andrews
- Biomedical Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, The University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AY, UK; (A.Z.); (T.H.); (S.A.)
| | - Nilanjan Dey
- Department of Information Technology, Techno India College of Technology, West Bengal 700156, India;
| | - Fuqian Shi
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA;
| | - R. Simon Sherratt
- Biomedical Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, The University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AY, UK; (A.Z.); (T.H.); (S.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-118-378-8588
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Wingelaar TT, van Ooij PJAM, Brinkman P, van Hulst RA. Pulmonary Oxygen Toxicity in Navy Divers: A Crossover Study Using Exhaled Breath Analysis After a One-Hour Air or Oxygen Dive at Nine Meters of Sea Water. Front Physiol 2019; 10:10. [PMID: 30740057 PMCID: PMC6355711 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Exposure to hyperbaric hyperoxic conditions can lead to pulmonary oxygen toxicity. Although a decrease in vital capacity has long been the gold standard, newer diagnostic modalities may be more accurate. In pulmonary medicine, much research has focussed on volatile organic compounds (VOCs) associated with inflammation in exhaled breath. In previous small studies after hyperbaric hyperoxic exposure several methyl alkanes were identified. This study aims to identify which VOCs mark the development of pulmonary oxygen toxicity. Methods: In this randomized crossover study, 12 divers of the Royal Netherlands Navy made two dives of one hour to 192.5 kPa (comparable to a depth of 9 msw) either with 100% oxygen or compressed air. At 30 min before the dive, and at 30 min and 1, 2, 3, and 4 h post-dive, exhaled breath was collected and followed by pulmonary function tests (PFT). Exhaled breath samples were analyzed using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). After univariate tests and correlation of retention times, ion fragments could be identified using a standard reference database [National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)]. Using these fragments VOCs could be reconstructed, which were then tested longitudinally with analysis of variance. Results: After GC–MS analysis, seven relevant VOCs (generally methyl alkanes) were identified. Decane and decanal showed a significant increase after an oxygen dive (p = 0.020 and p = 0.013, respectively). The combined intensity of all VOCs showed a significant increase after oxygen diving (p = 0.040), which was at its peak (+35%) 3 h post-dive. Diffusion capacity of nitric oxide and alveolar membrane capacity showed a significant reduction after both dives, whereas no other differences in PFT were significant. Discussion: This study is the largest analysis of exhaled breath after in water oxygen dives to date and the first to longitudinally measure VOCs. The longitudinal setup showed an increase and subsequent decrease of exhaled components. The VOCs identified suggest that exposure to a one-hour dive with a partial pressure of oxygen of 192.5 kPa damages the phosphatidylcholine membrane in the alveoli, while the spirometry and diffusion capacity show little change. This suggests that exhaled breath analysis is a more accurate method to measure pulmonary oxygen toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thijs T Wingelaar
- Diving Medical Center, Royal Netherlands Navy, Den Helder, Netherlands.,Department of Anaesthesiology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Paul Brinkman
- Department of Pulmonology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Rob A van Hulst
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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