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Liao S, Chen Y. The Role of Bioactive Small Molecules in COPD Pathogenesis. COPD 2024; 21:2307618. [PMID: 38329475 DOI: 10.1080/15412555.2024.2307618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is recognized as a predominant contributor to mortality worldwide, which causes significant burdens to both society and individuals. Given the limited treatment options for COPD, there lies a critical realization: the imperative for expeditious development of novel therapeutic modalities that can effectively alleviate disease progression and enhance the quality of life experienced by COPD patients. Within the intricate field of COPD pathogenesis, an assortment of biologically active small molecules, encompassing small protein molecules and their derivatives, assumes crucial roles through diverse mechanisms. These mechanisms relate to the regulation of redox balance, the inhibition of the release of inflammatory mediators, and the modulation of cellular functions. Therefore, the present article aims to explore and elucidate the distinct roles played by different categories of biologically active small molecules in contributing to the pathogenesis of COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha Liao
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yahong Chen
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
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2
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Kita K, Gawinowska M, Chełmińska M, Niedoszytko M. The Role of Exhaled Breath Condensate in Chronic Inflammatory and Neoplastic Diseases of the Respiratory Tract. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7395. [PMID: 39000502 PMCID: PMC11242091 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25137395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are among the most common chronic respiratory diseases. Chronic inflammation of the airways leads to an increased production of inflammatory markers by the effector cells of the respiratory tract and lung tissue. These biomarkers allow the assessment of physiological and pathological processes and responses to therapeutic interventions. Lung cancer, which is characterized by high mortality, is one of the most frequently diagnosed cancers worldwide. Current screening methods and tissue biopsies have limitations that highlight the need for rapid diagnosis, patient differentiation, and effective management and monitoring. One promising non-invasive diagnostic method for respiratory diseases is the assessment of exhaled breath condensate (EBC). EBC contains a mixture of volatile and non-volatile biomarkers such as cytokines, leukotrienes, oxidative stress markers, and molecular biomarkers, providing significant information about inflammatory and neoplastic states in the lungs. This article summarizes the research on the application and development of EBC assessment in diagnosing and monitoring respiratory diseases, focusing on asthma, COPD, and lung cancer. The process of collecting condensate, potential issues, and selected groups of markers for detailed disease assessment in the future are discussed. Further research may contribute to the development of more precise and personalized diagnostic and treatment methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Kita
- Department of Allergology, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Marika Gawinowska
- Department of Allergology, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Marta Chełmińska
- Department of Allergology, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Marek Niedoszytko
- Department of Allergology, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland
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3
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Tie C, Cui X, Zhang Z, Geng Y, Liu T, Rong X, Zheng X. Novel Structure-Driven Predict-to-Hit Strategy for PC Double Bond Positional Isomer Identification Based on Negative LC-MRM Analysis. Anal Chem 2024. [PMID: 38330201 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c04032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
As the predominant phospholipids in mammalian cells, phosphatidylcholines (PCs) have been demonstrated to play a crucial role in a multitude of vital biological processes. Research has highlighted the significance of the diversity in PC isomers as instigators of both physiological and pathological responses, particularly those with variations in the position of double bonds within their fatty chains. Profiling these PC isomers is paramount to advancing our understanding of their biological functions. Despite the availability of analytical methods utilizing high-resolution secondary mass spectrometry (MS2) fragmentation, a novel approach was imperative to facilitate large-scale profiling of PC isomers while ensuring accessibility, facility, and reliability. In this study, an innovative strategy centered around structure-driven predict-to-hit profiling of the double bond positional isomers for PCs was meticulously developed, employing negative reversed-phase liquid chromatography-multiple reaction monitoring (RPLC-MRM). This novel methodology heightened the sensitivity. The analysis of rat lung tissue samples resulted in the identification of 130 distinct PC isomers. This approach transcended the confines of available PC isomer standards, thereby broadening the horizons of PC-related biofunction investigations. By optimizing the quantitation reliability, the scale of sample analysis was judiciously managed. This work pioneers a novel paradigm for the exploration of PC isomers, distinct from the conventional methods reliant on high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). It equips researchers with potent tools to further explore the biofunctional aspects of lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cai Tie
- State Key Laboratory for Fine Exploration and Intelligent Development of Coal Resources, Ding 11 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100083, China
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology-Beijing, Ding 11 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xinge Cui
- Clinical Pharmacology Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, NMPA Key Laboratory for Clinical Research and Evaluation of Drug, Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical PK & PD Investigation for Innovative Drugs, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No.1 Shuaifuyuan Wangfujing, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Zhijun Zhang
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology-Beijing, Ding 11 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yicong Geng
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology-Beijing, Ding 11 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Ting Liu
- SCIEX, Analytical Instrument Trading Co., Ltd., 518 North Fuquan Road, Shanghai 200335, China
| | - Xiaojuan Rong
- Xinjiang Institute of Material Medica, 140 North Xinhua Road, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830004, China
| | - Xin Zheng
- Clinical Pharmacology Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, NMPA Key Laboratory for Clinical Research and Evaluation of Drug, Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical PK & PD Investigation for Innovative Drugs, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No.1 Shuaifuyuan Wangfujing, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100730, China
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4
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Andruska AM, Zamanian RT. Sorting the wheat from the chaff: the innovative case of precision transpulmonary metabolomics. Eur Respir J 2023; 62:2301547. [PMID: 37857433 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.01547-2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Adam M Andruska
- Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Roham T Zamanian
- Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
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5
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Seyfinejad B, Nemutlu E, Taghizadieh A, Khoubnasabjafari M, Ozkan SA, Jouyban A. Biomarkers in exhaled breath condensate as fingerprints of asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma-chronic obstructive pulmonary disease overlap: a critical review. Biomark Med 2023; 17:811-837. [PMID: 38179966 DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2023-0420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma-COPD overlap are the third leading cause of mortality around the world. They share some common features, which can lead to misdiagnosis. To properly manage these conditions, reliable markers for early and accurate diagnosis are needed. Over the past 20 years, many molecules have been investigated in the exhaled breath condensate to better understand inflammation pathways and mechanisms related to these disorders. Recently, more advanced techniques, such as sensitive metabolomic and proteomic profiling, have been used to obtain a more comprehensive understanding. This article reviews the use of targeted and untargeted metabolomic methodology to study asthma, COPD and asthma-COPD overlap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behrouz Seyfinejad
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center & Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Emirhan Nemutlu
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara, 06100, Turkiye
| | - Ali Taghizadieh
- Tuberculosis & Lung Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Maryam Khoubnasabjafari
- Tuberculosis & Lung Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Anesthesiology & Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sibel A Ozkan
- Ankara University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Ankara, 06560, Turkiye
| | - Abolghasem Jouyban
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center & Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Near East University, PO Box 99138 Nicosia, North Cyprus, Mersin 10, Turkiye
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6
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Marzec JM, Nadadur SS. Inflammation resolution in environmental pulmonary health and morbidity. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2022; 449:116070. [PMID: 35618031 PMCID: PMC9872158 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2022.116070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation and resolution are dynamic processes comprised of inflammatory activation and neutrophil influx, followed by mediator catabolism and efferocytosis. These critical pathways ensure a return to homeostasis and promote repair. Over the past decade research has shown that diverse mediators play a role in the active process of resolution. Specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs), biosynthesized from fatty acids, are released during inflammation to facilitate resolution and are deficient in a variety of lung disorders. Failed resolution results in remodeling and cellular deposition through pro-fibrotic myofibroblast expansion that irreversibly narrows the airways and worsens lung function. Recent studies indicate environmental exposures may perturb and deregulate critical resolution pathways. Environmental xenobiotics induce lung inflammation and generate reactive metabolites that promote oxidative stress, injuring the respiratory mucosa and impairing gas-exchange. This warrants recognition of xenobiotic associated molecular patterns (XAMPs) as new signals in the field of inflammation biology, as many environmental chemicals generate free radicals capable of initiating the inflammatory response. Recent studies suggest that unresolved, persistent inflammation impacts both resolution pathways and endogenous regulatory mediators, compromising lung function, which over time can progress to chronic lung disease. Chronic ozone (O3) exposure overwhelms successful resolution, and in susceptible individuals promotes asthma onset. The industrial contaminant cadmium (Cd) bioaccumulates in the lung to impair resolution, and recurrent inflammation can result in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Persistent particulate matter (PM) exposure increases systemic cardiopulmonary inflammation, which reduces lung function and can exacerbate asthma, COPD, and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). While recurrent inflammation underlies environmentally induced pulmonary morbidity and may drive the disease process, our understanding of inflammation resolution in this context is limited. This review aims to explore inflammation resolution biology and its role in chronic environmental lung disease(s).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqui M Marzec
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Srikanth S Nadadur
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA.
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7
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Resolution of inflammation: Intervention strategies and future applications. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2022; 449:116089. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2022.116089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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8
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Hemmendinger M, Sauvain JJ, Hopf NB, Suárez G, Guseva Canu I. Challenges in Quantifying 8-OHdG and 8-Isoprostane in Exhaled Breath Condensate. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11050830. [PMID: 35624694 PMCID: PMC9138069 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11050830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Exhaled breath condensate (EBC) has attracted substantial interest in the last few years, enabling the assessment of airway inflammation with a non-invasive method. Concentrations of 8-Hydroxydesoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and 8-isoprostane in EBC have been suggested as candidate biomarkers for lung diseases associated with inflammation and oxidative stress. EBC is a diluted biological matrix and consequently, requires highly sensitive chemical analytic methods (picomolar range) for biomarker quantification. We developed a new liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry method to quantify 8-OHdG and 8-isoprostane in EBC simultaneously. We applied this novel biomarker method in EBC obtained from 10 healthy subjects, 7 asthmatic subjects, and 9 subjects with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Both biomarkers were below the limit of detection (LOD) despite the good sensitivity of the chemical analytical method (LOD = 0.5 pg/mL for 8-OHdG; 1 pg/mL for 8-isoprostane). This lack of detection might result from factors affecting EBC collections. These findings are in line with methodological concerns already raised regarding the reliability of EBC collection for quantification of 8-OHdG and 8-isoprostane. Precaution is therefore needed when comparing literature results without considering methodological issues relative to EBC collection and analysis. Loss of analyte during EBC collection procedures still needs to be resolved before using these oxidative stress biomarkers in EBC.
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9
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Novel Immunomodulatory Therapies for Respiratory Pathologies. COMPREHENSIVE PHARMACOLOGY 2022. [PMCID: PMC8238403 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-820472-6.00073-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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10
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Luo Y, Jin M, Lou L, Yang S, Li C, Li X, Zhou M, Cai C. Role of arachidonic acid lipoxygenase pathway in Asthma. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2021; 158:106609. [PMID: 34954219 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2021.106609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism pathways play a key role in immunological response and inflammation diseases, such as asthma, etc. AA in cell membranes can be metabolized by lipoxygenases (LOXs) to a screen of bioactive substances that include leukotrienes (LTs), lipoxins (LXs), and eicosatetraenoic acids (ETEs), which are considered closely related to the pathophysiology of respiratory allergic disease. Studies also verified that drugs regulating AA LOXs pathway have better rehabilitative intervention for asthma. This review aims to summarize the physiological and pathophysiological importance of AA LOXs metabolism pathways in asthma and to discuss its prospects of therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yacan Luo
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Minli Jin
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Lejing Lou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Song Yang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Chengye Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Xi Li
- The Affiliated Kangning Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, PR China
| | - Meixi Zhou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang Province, PR China.
| | - Chang Cai
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang Province, PR China.
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11
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Kotlyarov S, Kotlyarova A. Anti-Inflammatory Function of Fatty Acids and Involvement of Their Metabolites in the Resolution of Inflammation in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222312803. [PMID: 34884621 PMCID: PMC8657960 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid metabolism plays an important role in many lung functions. Disorders of lipid metabolism are part of the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Lipids are involved in numerous cross-linkages with inflammation. Recent studies strongly support the involvement of fatty acids as participants in inflammation. They are involved in the initiation and resolution of inflammation, including acting as a substrate for the formation of lipid mediators of inflammation resolution. Specialized pro-inflammatory mediators (SPMs) belonging to the classes of lipoxins, resolvins, maresins, and protectins, which are formed enzymatically from unsaturated fatty acids, are now described. Disorders of their production and function are part of the pathogenesis of COPD. SPMs are currently the subject of active research in order to find new drugs. Short-chain fatty acids are another important participant in metabolic and immune processes, and their role in the pathogenesis of COPD is of great clinical interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislav Kotlyarov
- Department of Nursing, Ryazan State Medical University, 390026 Ryazan, Russia
- Correspondence:
| | - Anna Kotlyarova
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Ryazan State Medical University, 390026 Ryazan, Russia;
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12
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Kotlyarov S, Kotlyarova A. Molecular Mechanisms of Lipid Metabolism Disorders in Infectious Exacerbations of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:7634. [PMID: 34299266 PMCID: PMC8308003 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Exacerbations largely determine the character of the progression and prognosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Exacerbations are connected with changes in the microbiological landscape in the bronchi due to a violation of their immune homeostasis. Many metabolic and immune processes involved in COPD progression are associated with bacterial colonization of the bronchi. The objective of this review is the analysis of the molecular mechanisms of lipid metabolism and immune response disorders in the lungs in COPD exacerbations. The complex role of lipid metabolism disorders in the pathogenesis of some infections is only beginning to be understood, however, there are already fewer and fewer doubts even now about its significance both in the pathogenesis of infectious exacerbations of COPD and in general in the progression of the disease. It is shown that the lipid rafts of the plasma membranes of cells are involved in many processes related to the detection of pathogens, signal transduction, the penetration of pathogens into the cell. Smoking disrupts the normally proceeded processes of lipid metabolism in the lungs, which is a part of the COPD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislav Kotlyarov
- Department of Nursing, Ryazan State Medical University, 390026 Ryazan, Russia
| | - Anna Kotlyarova
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Ryazan State Medical University, 390026 Ryazan, Russia;
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13
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Miyata J, Fukunaga K, Kawashima Y, Ohara O, Kawana A, Asano K, Arita M. Dysregulated metabolism of polyunsaturated fatty acids in eosinophilic allergic diseases. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2020; 150:106477. [PMID: 32711128 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2020.106477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), represented by the omega-6 fatty acid arachidonic acid (AA) and omega-3 fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), are essential components of the human body. PUFAs are converted enzymatically into bioactive lipid mediators, including AA-derived cysteinyl leukotrienes (cys-LTs) and lipoxins and DHA-derived protectins, which orchestrate a wide range of immunological responses. For instance, eosinophils possess the biosynthetic capacity of various lipid mediators through multiple enzymes, including 5-lipoxygenase and 15-lipoxygenase, and play central roles in the regulation of allergic diseases. Dysregulated metabolism of PUFAs is reported, especially in severe asthma, aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease, and eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis (ECRS), which is characterized by the overproduction of cys-LTs and impaired synthesis of pro-resolving mediators. Recently, by performing a multi-omics analysis (lipidomics, proteomics, and transcriptomics), we demonstrated the metabolic derangement of eosinophils in inflamed tissues of patients with ECRS. This abnormality occurred subsequent to altered enzyme expression of gamma-glutamyl transferase-5. In this review, we summarize the previous findings of dysregulated PUFA metabolism in allergic diseases, and discuss future prospective therapeutic strategies for correcting this imbalance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Miyata
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Saitama, Japan; Laboratory for Metabolomics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Kanagawa, Japan; Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Koichi Fukunaga
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Yusuke Kawashima
- Department of Applied Genomics, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Chiba, Japan; Laboratory for Integrative Genomics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Kanagawa, Japan.
| | - Osamu Ohara
- Department of Applied Genomics, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Chiba, Japan; Laboratory for Integrative Genomics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Kanagawa, Japan.
| | - Akihiko Kawana
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Saitama, Japan.
| | - Koichiro Asano
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Tokai University, School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan.
| | - Makoto Arita
- Laboratory for Metabolomics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Kanagawa, Japan; Cellular and Molecular Epigenetics Laboratory, Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, Kanagawa, Japan; Division of Physiological Chemistry and Metabolism, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan.
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14
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Olivares-Rubio HF, Espinosa-Aguirre JJ. Role of epoxyeicosatrienoic acids in the lung. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2020; 149:106451. [PMID: 32294527 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2020.106451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) are synthetized from arachidonic acid by the action of members of the CYP2C and CYP2J subfamilies of cytochrome P450 (CYPs). The effects of EETs on cardiovascular function, the nervous system, the kidney and metabolic disease have been reviewed. In the lungs, the presence of these CYPs and EETs has been documented. In general, EETs play a beneficial role in this essential tissue. Among the most important effects of EETs in the lungs are the induction of vasorelaxation in the bronchi, the stimulation of Ca2+-activated K+ channels, the induction of vasoconstriction of pulmonary arteries, anti-inflammatory effects induced by asthma, and protection against infection or exposure to chemical substances such as cigarette smoke. EETs also participate in tissue regeneration, but on the downside, they are possibly involved in the progression of lung cancer. More research is necessary to design therapies with EETs for the treatment of lung disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo F Olivares-Rubio
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ap. Postal 70-228, Ciudad de México, México.
| | - J J Espinosa-Aguirre
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ap. Postal 70-228, Ciudad de México, México.
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15
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Schmidt AJ, Borras E, Nguyen AP, Yeap D, Kenyon NJ, Davis CE. Portable exhaled breath condensate metabolomics for daily monitoring of adolescent asthma. J Breath Res 2020; 14:026001. [PMID: 31344695 DOI: 10.1088/1752-7163/ab35b5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J Schmidt
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, One Shields Avenue, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, United States of America
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16
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Huang Y, Shen L, Jiang J, Xu Q, Luo Z, Luo Q, Yu S, Yao X, Ren Z, Hu Y, Yang Y, Cao S. Metabolomic Profiles of Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells Stimulated by Lipopolysaccharide. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19131. [PMID: 31836784 PMCID: PMC6911109 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-55556-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine mammary epithelial cells (bMECs) are the main cells of the dairy cow mammary gland. In addition to their role in milk production, they are effector cells of mammary immunity. However, there is little information about changes in metabolites of bMECs when stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). This study describes a metabolomics analysis of the LPS-stimulated bMECs to provide a basis for the identification of potential diagnostic screening biomarkers and possible treatments for bovine mammary gland inflammation. In the present study, bMECs were challenged with 500 ng/mL LPS and samples were taken at 0 h, 12 h and 24 h post stimulation. Metabolic changes were investigated using high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HPLC-Q-TOF MS) with univariate and multivariate statistical analyses. Clustering and metabolic pathway changes were established by MetaboAnalyst. Sixty-three differential metabolites were identified, including glycerophosphocholine, glycerol-3-phosphate, L-carnitine, L-aspartate, glutathione, prostaglandin G2, α-linolenic acid and linoleic acid. They were mainly involved in eight pathways, including D-glutamine and D-glutamic acid metabolism; linoleic acid metabolism; α-linolenic metabolism; and phospholipid metabolism. The results suggest that bMECs are able to regulate pro-inflammatory, anti-inflammatory, antioxidation and energy-producing related metabolites through lipid, antioxidation and energy metabolism in response to inflammatory stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixin Huang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.,Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Human Health, Chengdu, 611130, China.,Institute of Biodiversity Animal Health & Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
| | - Liuhong Shen
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.,Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Human Health, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Jing Jiang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.,Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Human Health, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Qipin Xu
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.,Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Human Health, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Zhengzhong Luo
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.,Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Human Health, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Qiao Luo
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.,Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Human Health, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Shumin Yu
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.,Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Human Health, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Xueping Yao
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.,Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Human Health, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Zhihua Ren
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.,Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Human Health, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Yanchun Hu
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.,Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Human Health, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Yongxin Yang
- Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Suizhong Cao
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China. .,Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Human Health, Chengdu, 611130, China.
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17
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Kytikova O, Novgorodtseva T, Denisenko Y, Antonyuk M, Gvozdenko T. Pro-Resolving Lipid Mediators in the Pathophysiology of Asthma. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 55:medicina55060284. [PMID: 31216723 PMCID: PMC6631965 DOI: 10.3390/medicina55060284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 06/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Asthma is one of the most important medical and social problems of our time due to the prevalence and the complexity of its treatment. Chronic inflammation that is characteristic of asthma is accompanied by bronchial obstruction, which involves various lipid mediators produced from n-6 and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). The review is devoted to modern ideas about the PUFA metabolites—eicosanoids (leukotrienes, prostaglandins, thromboxanes) and specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators (SPMs) maresins, lipoxins, resolvins, protectins. The latest advances in clinical lipidomics for identifying and disclosing the mechanism of synthesis and the biological action of SPMs have been given. The current views on the peculiarities of the inflammatory reaction in asthma and the role of highly specialized metabolites of arachidonic, eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids in this process have been described. The possibility of using SPMs as therapeutic agents aimed at controlling the resolution of inflammation in asthma is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oxana Kytikova
- Vladivostok Branch of Federal State Budgetary Science Institution "Far Eastern Scientific Center of Physiology and Pathology of Respiration"-Institute of Medical Climatology and Rehabilitative Treatment, Russian Street 73-g, Vladivostok 690105, Russia.
| | - Tatyana Novgorodtseva
- Vladivostok Branch of Federal State Budgetary Science Institution "Far Eastern Scientific Center of Physiology and Pathology of Respiration"-Institute of Medical Climatology and Rehabilitative Treatment, Russian Street 73-g, Vladivostok 690105, Russia.
| | - Yulia Denisenko
- Vladivostok Branch of Federal State Budgetary Science Institution "Far Eastern Scientific Center of Physiology and Pathology of Respiration"-Institute of Medical Climatology and Rehabilitative Treatment, Russian Street 73-g, Vladivostok 690105, Russia.
| | - Marina Antonyuk
- Vladivostok Branch of Federal State Budgetary Science Institution "Far Eastern Scientific Center of Physiology and Pathology of Respiration"-Institute of Medical Climatology and Rehabilitative Treatment, Russian Street 73-g, Vladivostok 690105, Russia.
| | - Tatyana Gvozdenko
- Vladivostok Branch of Federal State Budgetary Science Institution "Far Eastern Scientific Center of Physiology and Pathology of Respiration"-Institute of Medical Climatology and Rehabilitative Treatment, Russian Street 73-g, Vladivostok 690105, Russia.
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18
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Abstract
Therapeutics for arachidonic acid pathways began with the development of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs that inhibit cyclooxygenase (COX). The enzymatic pathways and arachidonic acid metabolites and respective receptors have been successfully targeted and therapeutics developed for pain, inflammation, pulmonary and cardiovascular diseases. These drugs target the COX and lipoxygenase pathways but not the third branch for arachidonic acid metabolism, the cytochrome P450 (CYP) pathway. Small molecule compounds targeting enzymes and CYP epoxy-fatty acid metabolites have evolved rapidly over the last two decades. These therapeutics have primarily focused on inhibiting soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) or agonist mimetics for epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EET). Based on preclinical animal model studies and human studies, major therapeutic indications for these sEH inhibitors and EET mimics/analogs are renal and cardiovascular diseases. Novel small molecules that inhibit sEH have advanced to human clinical trials and demonstrate promise for cardiovascular diseases. Challenges remain for sEH inhibitor and EET analog drug development; however, there is a high likelihood that a drug that acts on this third branch of arachidonic acid metabolism will be utilized to treat a cardiovascular or kidney disease in the next decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- John D Imig
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA.
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19
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Sarr O, Payne GW, Hucik B, Abdelmagid S, Nakamura MT, Ma DWL, Mutch DM. Dietary EPA and DHA prevent changes in white adipose tissue omega-3 PUFA and oxylipin content associated with a Fads2 deficiency. J Nutr Biochem 2018; 63:140-149. [PMID: 30368227 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2018.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Fatty acid desaturase 2 (Fads2) encodes the delta-6 desaturase (D6D) enzyme, which is rate-limiting for the endogenous production of omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA). Numerous studies have reported the cardiometabolic health benefits of omega-3 LC-PUFA. Humans carrying genetic variants in the FADS2 gene have reduced levels of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), as well as oxylipins, in blood, erythrocytes and white adipose tissue (WAT). Similar findings have been reported in whole-body Fads2-/- mice fed a diet deficient in omega-3 LC-PUFA. The objective of this study was to determine if a diet containing EPA and DHA would prevent the deficiencies in WAT lipid profiles seen in Fads2-/- mice fed a diet containing only ALA. Male C57BL/6 J Fads2-/- and wild type (WT) mice were fed a low fat (7% w/w) diet for 9 weeks containing either flaxseed oil + ARASCO (FD, containing~53% ALA) or menhaden oil (MD, containing~14% EPA and 10% DHA). Fads2-/- mice fed an ALA-enriched diet had reduced body weight, little-to-no omega-3 LC-PUFA and a near complete loss of all omega-3 derived oxylipins in both epididymal and inguinal WAT (P<.05) compared to their WT counterparts, as well as altered expression of key regulators of the fatty acid desaturase pathway. However, Fads2-/- mice fed a diet containing EPA and DHA prevented most of these changes. This study provides evidence that a diet containing EPA and DHA provides a nutritional strategy to prevent alterations in WAT lipid content caused by reduced D6D activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ousseynou Sarr
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G2W1, Canada
| | - George W Payne
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G2W1, Canada
| | - Barbora Hucik
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G2W1, Canada
| | - Salma Abdelmagid
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G2W1, Canada
| | - Manabu T Nakamura
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - David W L Ma
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G2W1, Canada
| | - David M Mutch
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G2W1, Canada.
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20
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Rahimpour E, Khoubnasabjafari M, Jouyban-Gharamaleki V, Jouyban A. Non-volatile compounds in exhaled breath condensate: review of methodological aspects. Anal Bioanal Chem 2018; 410:6411-6440. [PMID: 30046867 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-018-1259-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
In contrast to bronchial and nasal lavages, the analysis of exhaled breath condensate (EBC) is a promising, simple, non-invasive, repeatable, and diagnostic method for studying the composition of airway lining fluid with the potential to assess lung inflammation, exacerbations, and disease severity, and to monitor the effectiveness of treatment regimens. Recent investigations have revealed the potential applications of EBC analysis in systemic diseases. In this review, we highlight the analytical studies conducted on non-volatile compounds/biomarkers in EBC. In contrast to other related articles, this review is classified on the basis of analytical techniques and includes almost all the applied methods and their methodological limitations for quantification of non-volatile compounds in EBC samples, providing a guideline for further researches. The studies were identified by searching the SCOPUS database with the keywords "biomarkers," "non-volatile compounds," "determination method," and "EBC."
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaheh Rahimpour
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center and Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Maryam Khoubnasabjafari
- Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Vahid Jouyban-Gharamaleki
- Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Abolghasem Jouyban
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center and Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. .,Kimia Idea Pardaz Azarbayjan (KIPA) Science Based Company, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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21
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Marie-Desvergne C, Dubosson M, Mossuz VC. Evaluation of a new method for the collection and measurement of 8-isoprostane in exhaled breath for future application in nanoparticle exposure biomonitoring. J Breath Res 2018; 12:031001. [PMID: 29651988 DOI: 10.1088/1752-7163/aabdf2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the field of nanoparticle exposure biomonitoring, oxidative stress biomarkers measured in exhaled breath condensate appear promising to detect early respiratory effects in workers handling nanomaterials. However, condensation is known for its poor efficiency in collecting non-volatiles in exhaled breath, leading to the low sensitivity of such measurements. Moreover, to be easily used in field studies on large groups of workers, the collection device must be disposable and convenient. OBJECTIVES In this study, we have tested a totally disposable commercial device that allows for the easy dry collection of exhaled air after filtration on a patented filter. The suitability and efficiency of the SensAbues (SB) device for collecting 8-isoprostane were evaluated and compared to the RTube (RT). METHODS Seven healthy volunteers performed two 15 min collections of exhaled breath, one with the SB and one with the RT. Blank devices were used to determine the background levels induced by each device. 8-isoprostane was measured in all samples using an EIA technique. RESULTS The levels of 8-isoprostane in the exhaled breath of volunteers after collection with the SB were significantly higher than those after collection with the RT. Moreover, the levels obtained in volunteers with the SB were significantly higher than background levels obtained in blank devices, which was not the case for the RT. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to report the ability of the SB device to collect and measure 8-isoprostane in exhaled breath. The proposed method offers better sensitivity than a classical collection with the RT device and should be further explored before future application in biomonitoring studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Marie-Desvergne
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, F-38000 France. CEA, NanoSafety Platform (SPNS), Medical Biology Laboratory (LBM), 17 rue des martyrs, F-38054 Grenoble, France
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22
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Barnig C, Frossard N, Levy BD. Towards targeting resolution pathways of airway inflammation in asthma. Pharmacol Ther 2018; 186:98-113. [PMID: 29352860 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2018.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic disorder characterized by persistent inflammation of the airways with mucosal infiltration of eosinophils, T lymphocytes, and mast cells, and release of proinflammatory cytokines and lipid mediators. The natural resolution of airway inflammation is now recognized as an active host response, with highly coordinated cellular events under the control of endogenous pro-resolving mediators that enable the restoration of tissue homeostasis. Lead members of proresolving mediators are enzymatically derived from essential polyunsaturated fatty acids, including arachidonic acid-derived lipoxins, eicosapentaenoic acid-derived E-series resolvins, and docosahexaenoic acid-derived D-series resolvins, protectins, and maresins. Functionally, these specialized pro-resolving mediators can limit further leukocyte recruitment, induce granulocyte apoptosis, and enhance efferocytosis by macrophages. They can also switch macrophages from classical to alternatively activated cells, promote the return of non-apoptotic cells to lymphatics and blood vessels, and help initiate tissue repair and healing. In this review, we highlight cellular and molecular mechanisms for successful resolution of inflammation, and describe the main specialized pro-resolving mediators that drive these processes. Furthermore, we report recent data suggesting that the pathobiology of severe asthma may result in part from impaired resolution of airway inflammation, including defects in the biosynthesis of these specialized pro-resolving mediators. Finally, we discuss resolution-based therapeutic perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy Barnig
- Department of Chest Disease, Strasbourg University Hospital, 1, place de l'Hôpital, 67091 Strasbourg, France; EA 3072, University of Strasbourg, France.
| | - Nelly Frossard
- UMR 7200 CNRS/Université de Strasbourg, Laboratoire d'Innovation Thérapeutique and LabEx MEDALIS, Faculté de Pharmacie, Strasbourg, France
| | - Bruce D Levy
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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23
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Bronchoprotective mechanisms for specialized pro-resolving mediators in the resolution of lung inflammation. Mol Aspects Med 2017; 58:44-56. [PMID: 28455109 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2017.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Bronchi are exposed daily to irritants, microbes and allergens as well as extremes of temperature and acid. The airway mucosal epithelium plays a pivotal role as a sentinel, releasing alarmins when danger is encountered. To maintain homeostasis, an elaborate counter-regulatory network of signals and cellular effector mechanisms are needed. Specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) are chemical mediators that enact resolution programs in response to injury, infection or allergy. SPMs are enzymatically derived from essential polyunsaturated fatty acids with potent cell-type specific immunoresolvent properties. SPMs signal by engaging cell-based receptors to turn off acute inflammatory responses and restore tissue homeostasis. Several common lung diseases involving the airways, including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and cystic fibrosis (CF), are characterized by unresolved bronchial inflammation. In preclinical murine models of lung disease, SPMs carry potent bronchoprotective actions. Here, we review cellular and molecular effects for SPM-initiated catabasis in the lung and their human translation.
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24
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Cruickshank-Quinn C, Armstrong M, Powell R, Gomez J, Elie M, Reisdorph N. Determining the presence of asthma-related molecules and salivary contamination in exhaled breath condensate. Respir Res 2017; 18:57. [PMID: 28403875 PMCID: PMC5389118 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-017-0538-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Researchers investigating lung diseases, such as asthma, have questioned whether certain compounds previously reported in exhaled breath condensate (EBC) originate from saliva contamination. Moreover, despite its increasing use in ‘omics profiling studies, the constituents of EBC remain largely uncharacterized. The present study aims to define the usefulness of EBC in investigating lung disease by comparing EBC, saliva, and saliva-contaminated EBC using targeted and untargeted mass spectrometry and the potential of metabolite loss from adsorption to EBC sample collection tubes. Methods Liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS) was used to analyze samples from 133 individuals from three different cohorts. Levels of amino acids and eicosanoids, two classes of molecules previously reported in EBC and saliva, were measured using targeted LC-MS. Cohort 1 was used to examine contamination of EBC by saliva. Samples from Cohort 1 consisted of clean EBC, saliva-contaminated EBC, and clean saliva from 13 healthy volunteers; samples were analyzed using untargeted LC-MS. Cohort 2 was used to compare eicosanoid levels from matched EBC and saliva collected from 107 asthmatic subjects. Samples were analyzed using both targeted and untargeted LC-MS. Cohort 3 samples consisted of clean-EBC collected from 13 subjects, including smokers and non-smokers, and were used to independently confirm findings; samples were analyzed using targeted LC-MS, untargeted LC-MS, and proteomics. In addition to human samples, an in-house developed nebulizing system was used to determine the potential for EBC samples to be contaminated by saliva. Results Out of the 400 metabolites detected in both EBC and saliva, 77 were specific to EBC; however, EBC samples were concentrated 20-fold to achieve this level of sensitivity. Amino acid concentrations ranged from 196 pg/mL – 4 μg/mL (clean EBC), 1.98 ng/mL – 6 μg/mL (saliva-contaminated EBC), and 13.84 ng/mL – 1256 mg/mL (saliva). Eicosanoid concentration ranges were an order of magnitude lower; 10 pg/mL – 76.5 ng/mL (clean EBC), 10 pg/mL – 898 ng/mL (saliva-contaminated EBC), and 2.54 ng/mL – 272.9 mg/mL (saliva). Although the sample size of the replication cohort (Cohort 3) did not allow for statistical comparisons, two proteins and 19 eicosanoids were detected in smoker vs. non-smoker clean-EBC. Conclusions We conclude that metabolites are present and detectable in EBC using LC-MS; however, a large starting volume of sample is required. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12931-017-0538-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charmion Cruickshank-Quinn
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12850 East Montview Boulevard, Aurora, CO, 80045-2605, USA
| | - Michael Armstrong
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12850 East Montview Boulevard, Aurora, CO, 80045-2605, USA
| | - Roger Powell
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12850 East Montview Boulevard, Aurora, CO, 80045-2605, USA
| | - Joe Gomez
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12850 East Montview Boulevard, Aurora, CO, 80045-2605, USA
| | - Marc Elie
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12850 East Montview Boulevard, Aurora, CO, 80045-2605, USA
| | - Nichole Reisdorph
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12850 East Montview Boulevard, Aurora, CO, 80045-2605, USA.
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25
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van 't Erve TJ, Kadiiska MB, London SJ, Mason RP. Classifying oxidative stress by F 2-isoprostane levels across human diseases: A meta-analysis. Redox Biol 2017; 12:582-599. [PMID: 28391180 PMCID: PMC5384299 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2017.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Revised: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The notion that oxidative stress plays a role in virtually every human disease and environmental exposure has become ingrained in everyday knowledge. However, mounting evidence regarding the lack of specificity of biomarkers traditionally used as indicators of oxidative stress in human disease and exposures now necessitates re-evaluation. To prioritize these re-evaluations, published literature was comprehensively analyzed in a meta-analysis to quantitatively classify the levels of systemic oxidative damage across human disease and in response to environmental exposures. In this meta-analysis, the F2-isoprostane, 8-iso-PGF2α, was specifically chosen as the representative marker of oxidative damage. To combine published values across measurement methods and specimens, the standardized mean differences (Hedges’ g) in 8-iso-PGF2α levels between affected and control populations were calculated. The meta-analysis resulted in a classification of oxidative damage levels as measured by 8-iso-PGF2α across 50 human health outcomes and exposures from 242 distinct publications. Relatively small increases in 8-iso-PGF2α levels (g<0.8) were found in the following conditions: hypertension (g=0.4), metabolic syndrome (g=0.5), asthma (g=0.4), and tobacco smoking (g=0.7). In contrast, large increases in 8-iso-PGF2α levels were observed in pathologies of the kidney, e.g., chronic renal insufficiency (g=1.9), obstructive sleep apnoea (g=1.1), and pre-eclampsia (g=1.1), as well as respiratory tract disorders, e.g., cystic fibrosis (g=2.3). In conclusion, we have established a quantitative classification for the level of 8-iso-PGF2α generation in different human pathologies and exposures based on a comprehensive meta-analysis of published data. This analysis provides knowledge on the true involvement of oxidative damage across human health outcomes as well as utilizes past research to prioritize those conditions requiring further scrutiny on the mechanisms of biomarker generation. Oxidative damage is highly variable in human conditions as measured by F2-isoprostanes. Respiratory tract and urogenital diseases have the highest F2-isoprostanes. Cancer and cardiovascular diseases have surprisingly low F2-isoprostanes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J van 't Erve
- Immunity, Inflammation and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, 27709 NC, USA.
| | - Maria B Kadiiska
- Immunity, Inflammation and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, 27709 NC, USA
| | - Stephanie J London
- Immunity, Inflammation and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, 27709 NC, USA; Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, 27709 NC, USA
| | - Ronald P Mason
- Immunity, Inflammation and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, 27709 NC, USA
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26
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Ho T, Dasgupta A, Hargreave FE, Nair P. The use of cellular and molecular biomarkers to manage COPD exacerbations. Expert Rev Respir Med 2017; 11:403-411. [PMID: 28347199 DOI: 10.1080/17476348.2017.1307738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbations are a common cause of respiratory morbidity and mortality, and have various etiologies. Multiple cellular and molecular biomarkers have been associated with exacerbations. Quantitative sputum cell counts are able to identify the presence and type of bronchitis, which is an important contributor to exacerbations. Their utility to monitor bronchitis and to help treat exacerbations has been evaluated, yet they are not used in routine clinical practice. Areas covered: This review will provide a brief summary of biomarkers utilized in COPD, with a focus on the application of cellular markers for the management of exacerbations. A case study will demonstrate the application of these methods. With quantitative sputum cell counts, the presence of eosinophilic bronchitis predicts corticosteroid-responsiveness, while neutrophilic bronchitis identifies infection and suggests the need for antibiotics. Gastroesophageal reflux-related aspiration and heart failure can also be identified by examining sputum. Expert commentary: Quantitative sputum cytometry is an essential tool in the management of exacerbations of COPD, particularly those prone to frequent exacerbations. Treatment based on sputum cell counts is superior to current guideline-based recommendations to prevent future exacerbations and hospitalizations in observational and single-centre controlled trials. Large multicentre clinical trials are necessary to confirm this.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terence Ho
- a Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health, St Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, and Department of Medicine , McMaster University , Hamilton , ON , Canada
| | - Angira Dasgupta
- a Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health, St Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, and Department of Medicine , McMaster University , Hamilton , ON , Canada
| | - Frederick E Hargreave
- a Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health, St Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, and Department of Medicine , McMaster University , Hamilton , ON , Canada
| | - Parameswaran Nair
- a Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health, St Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, and Department of Medicine , McMaster University , Hamilton , ON , Canada
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27
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Peel AM, Crossman-Barnes CJ, Tang J, Fowler SJ, Davies GA, Wilson AM, Loke YK. Biomarkers in adult asthma: a systematic review of 8-isoprostane in exhaled breath condensate. J Breath Res 2017; 11:016011. [PMID: 28102831 DOI: 10.1088/1752-7163/aa5a8a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We aimed to assess the evidence for the use of 8-isoprostane in exhaled breath condensate (EBC) as a biomarker in adult asthma. DESIGN A systematic review and meta-analysis of EBC 8-isoprostane. METHODS We searched a number of online databases (including PubMed, Embase and Scopus) in January 2016. We included studies of adult non-smokers with EBC collection and asthma diagnosis conducted according to recognised guidelines. We aimed to pool data using random effects meta-analysis and assess heterogeneity using I 2. RESULTS We included twenty studies, the findings from which were inconsistent. Seven studies (n = 329) reported 8-isoprostane levels in asthma to be significantly higher than that of control groups, whilst six studies (n = 403) did not. Only four studies were appropriate for inclusion in a random effects meta-analysis of mean difference. This found a statistically significant between-groups difference of 22 pg ml-1. Confidence in the result is limited by the small number of studies and by substantial statistical heterogeneity (I 2 = 94). CONCLUSION The clinical value of EBC 8-isoprostane as a quantitative assessment of oxidative stress in asthma remains unclear due to variability in results and methodological heterogeneity. It is essential to develop a robust and standardised methodology if the use of EBC 8-isoprostane in asthma is to be properly evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam M Peel
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom
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Lütkecosmann S, Warsinke A, Tschöpe W, Eichler R, Hanack K. A novel monoclonal antibody suitable for the detection of leukotriene B4. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 482:1054-1059. [PMID: 27913298 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.11.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Leukotriene B4 as an inflammatory mediator is an important biomarker for different respiratory diseases like asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or cystic lung fibrosis. Therefore the detection of LTB4 is helpful in the diagnosis of these pulmonary diseases. However, until now its determination in exhaled breath condensates suffers from problems of accuracy. Reasons for that could be improper sample collection and preparation methods of condensates and the lack of consistently assay specificity and reproducibility of the used immunoassay detection system. In this study we describe the development and the characterization of a specific monoclonal antibody (S27BC6) against LTB4, its use as molecular recognition element for the development of an enzyme-linked immunoassay to detect LTB4 and discuss possible future diagnostic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffi Lütkecosmann
- Chair of Immunotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, D-14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Axel Warsinke
- FILT GmbH, Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | - Katja Hanack
- Chair of Immunotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, D-14476, Potsdam, Germany.
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Santini G, Mores N, Shohreh R, Valente S, Dabrowska M, Trové A, Zini G, Cattani P, Fuso L, Mautone A, Mondino C, Pagliari G, Sala A, Folco G, Aiello M, Pisi R, Chetta A, Losi M, Clini E, Ciabattoni G, Montuschi P. Exhaled and non-exhaled non-invasive markers for assessment of respiratory inflammation in patients with stable COPD and healthy smokers. J Breath Res 2016; 10:017102. [PMID: 26814886 DOI: 10.1088/1752-7155/10/1/017102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
We aimed at comparing exhaled and non-exhaled non-invasive markers of respiratory inflammation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and healthy subjects and define their relationships with smoking habit. Forty-eight patients with stable COPD who were ex-smokers, 17 patients with stable COPD who were current smokers, 12 healthy current smokers and 12 healthy ex-smokers were included in a cross-sectional, observational study. Inflammatory outcomes, including prostaglandin (PG) E2 and 15-F2t-isoprostane (15-F2t-IsoP) concentrations in exhaled breath condensate (EBC) and sputum supernatants, fraction of exhaled nitric oxide (FENO) and sputum cell counts, and functional (spirometry) outcomes were measured. Sputum PGE2 was elevated in both groups of smokers compared with ex-smoker counterpart (COPD: P < 0.02; healthy subjects: P < 0.03), whereas EBC PGE2 was elevated in current (P = 0.0065) and ex-smokers with COPD (P = 0.0029) versus healthy ex-smokers. EBC 15-F2t-IsoP, a marker of oxidative stress, was increased in current and ex-smokers with COPD (P < 0.0001 for both) compared with healthy ex-smokers, whereas urinary 15-F2t-IsoP was elevated in both smoker groups (COPD: P < 0.01; healthy subjects: P < 0.02) versus healthy ex-smokers. FENO was elevated in ex-smokers with COPD versus smoker groups (P = 0.0001 for both). These data suggest that the biological meaning of these inflammatory markers depends on type of marker and biological matrix in which is measured. An approach combining different types of outcomes can be used for assessing respiratory inflammation in patients with COPD. Large studies are required to establish the clinical utility of this strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Santini
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
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Zulyniak MA, Roke K, Gerling C, Logan SL, Spriet LL, Mutch DM. Fish oil regulates blood fatty acid composition and oxylipin levels in healthy humans: A comparison of young and older men. Mol Nutr Food Res 2016; 60:631-41. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201500830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Revised: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael A. Zulyniak
- Department of Human Health & Nutritional Sciences; University of Guelph; Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1 Canada
| | - Kaitlin Roke
- Department of Human Health & Nutritional Sciences; University of Guelph; Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1 Canada
| | - Christopher Gerling
- Department of Human Health & Nutritional Sciences; University of Guelph; Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1 Canada
| | - Samantha L. Logan
- Department of Human Health & Nutritional Sciences; University of Guelph; Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1 Canada
| | - Lawrence L. Spriet
- Department of Human Health & Nutritional Sciences; University of Guelph; Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1 Canada
| | - David M. Mutch
- Department of Human Health & Nutritional Sciences; University of Guelph; Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1 Canada
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31
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Barnig C, Levy BD. Innate immunity is a key factor for the resolution of inflammation in asthma. Eur Respir Rev 2015; 24:141-53. [PMID: 25726564 PMCID: PMC4490858 DOI: 10.1183/09059180.00012514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The resolution of inflammation is an integral and natural part of the physiological response to tissue injury, infection and allergens or other noxious stimuli. Resolution is now recognised as an active process with highly regulated cellular and biochemical events. Recent discoveries have highlighted that innate inflammatory cells have bimodal effector functions during the inflammatory response, including active roles during the resolution process. Several mediators displaying potent pro-resolving actions have recently been uncovered. Lipoxin A4, the lead member of this new class of pro-resolving mediators, has anti-inflammatory actions on type 2 innate lymphoid cells and pro-resolving actions through natural killer cells in asthma immunobiology. Eosinophils are also able to control crucial aspects of resolution through the generation of pro-resolving mediators. Uncontrolled asthma has been associated with a defect in the generation of specialised pro-resolving mediators, including lipoxin A4 and protectin D1. Thus, bioactive stable analogue mimetics of these mediators that can harness endogenous resolution mechanisms for inflammation may offer new therapeutic strategies for asthma and airway inflammation associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy Barnig
- Dept of Chest Disease, University Hospital of Strasbourg and FMTS (Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg), Strasbourg, France
| | - Bruce D Levy
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Dept of Internal Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Duvall MG, Levy BD. DHA- and EPA-derived resolvins, protectins, and maresins in airway inflammation. Eur J Pharmacol 2015; 785:144-155. [PMID: 26546247 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Revised: 10/11/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Essential fatty acids can serve as important regulators of inflammation. A new window into mechanisms for the resolution of inflammation was opened with the identification and structural elucidation of mediators derived from these fatty acids with pro-resolving capacity. Inflammation is necessary to ensure the continued health of the organism after an insult or injury; however, unrestrained inflammation can lead to injury "from within" and chronic changes that may prove both morbid and fatal. The resolution phase of inflammation, once thought to be a passive event, is now known to be a highly regulated, active, and complex program that terminates the inflammatory response once the threat has been contained. Specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) are biosynthesized from omega-3 essential fatty acids to resolvins, protectins, and maresins and from omega-6 fatty acids to lipoxins. Through cell-specific actions mediated through select receptors, these SPMs are potent regulators of neutrophil infiltration, cytokine and chemokine production, and clearance of apoptotic neutrophils by macrophages, promoting a return to tissue homeostasis. This process appears to be defective in several common human lung diseases, such as asthma and COPD, which are characterized by chronic unrestrained inflammation and significant associated morbidity. Here, we highlight translational research in animal models of disease and with human subjects that sheds light on this rapidly evolving area of science and review the molecular and cellular components of the resolution of lung inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melody G Duvall
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Bruce D Levy
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Lütfioğlu M, Aydoğdu A, Sakallioğlu EE, Alaçam H, Pamuk F. Gingival crevicular fluid interleukin-8 and lipoxin A4 levels of smokers and nonsmokers with different periodontal status: a cross-sectional study. J Periodontal Res 2015; 51:471-80. [PMID: 26446985 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Smoking is an important risk factor for periodontal disease and effects the pathogenesis of the disease. This study evaluated the impact of smoking on gingival crevicular fluid interleukin-8 (IL-8) and lipoxin A4 (LxA4 ) levels in patients with and without periodontal disease. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 122 participants were grouped as follows: smokers with generalized aggressive periodontitis (S-GAgP, n = 15); smokers with chronic periodontitis (S-CP, n = 17); smokers with gingivitis (SG, n = 15); smokers classified as periodontally healthy (SH, n = 15); nonsmokers with generalized aggressive periodontitis (N-GAgP, n = 15); nonsmokers with chronic periodontitis (N-CP, n = 15); nonsmokers with gingivitis (NG, n = 15); and nonsmokers classified as periodontally healthy (NH, n = 15). Gingival index, plaque index, probing pocket depth and clinical attachment level were recorded. Gingival crevicular fluid IL-8 and LxA4 levels were analyzed by ELISA. RESULTS Gingival crevicular fluid IL-8 levels varied among groups, as follows: S-GAgP>S-CP>SG>SH and N-GAgP>N-CP>NG>NH. The gingival crevicular fluid IL-8 levels were significantly higher in the S-GAgP group compared with the N-GAgP group and in the S-CP group compared with the N-CP group (p < 0.05); differences between the SG and NG and the SH and NH groups were not statistically significant (p > 0.05). Gingival crevicular fluid LxA4 levels also varied among groups, but in an inverse direction when compared with the IL-8 levels, as follows: S-GAgP<S-CP<SG and N-GAgP<N-CP<NG. (The gingival crevicular fluid LxA4 levels in SH and NH groups were below the limits of detection.) The gingival crevicular fluid LxA4 levels were significantly lower in the S-GAgP group than in the N-GAgP group and in the S-CP group than in the N-CP group (p < 0.05); differences between the SG and NG groups were not statistically significant (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION The study findings suggest that the observed increases in gingival crevicular fluid IL-8 levels and decreases in gingival crevicular fluid LxA4 levels reflect changes in immune and inflammatory responses that occur as a result of smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Lütfioğlu
- Department of Periodontology, OndokuzMayis University Faculty of Dentistry, Samsun, Turkey
| | - A Aydoğdu
- Department of Periodontology, Biruni University Faculty of Dentistry, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - E E Sakallioğlu
- Department of Periodontology, OndokuzMayis University Faculty of Dentistry, Samsun, Turkey
| | - H Alaçam
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Hacettepe University Medical Faculty, Ankara, Turkey
| | - F Pamuk
- Department of Periodontology, Istanbul Aydin University Faculty of Dentistry, İstanbul, Turkey
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Zhao YY, Miao H, Cheng XL, Wei F. Lipidomics: Novel insight into the biochemical mechanism of lipid metabolism and dysregulation-associated disease. Chem Biol Interact 2015; 240:220-38. [PMID: 26358168 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2015.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2015] [Revised: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The application of lipidomics, after genomics, proteomics and metabolomics, offered largely opportunities to illuminate the entire spectrum of lipidome based on a quantitative or semi-quantitative level in a biological system. When combined with advances in proteomics and metabolomics high-throughput platforms, lipidomics provided the opportunity for analyzing the unique roles of specific lipids in complex cellular processes. Abnormal lipid metabolism was demonstrated to be greatly implicated in many human lifestyle-related diseases. In this review, we focused on lipidomic applications in brain injury disease, cancer, metabolic disease, cardiovascular disease, respiratory disease and infectious disease to discover disease biomarkers and illustrate biochemical metabolic pathways. We also discussed the analytical techniques, future perspectives and potential problems of lipidomic applications. The application of lipidomics in disease biomarker discovery provides the opportunity for gaining novel insights into biochemical mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Yong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, The College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710069, PR China.
| | - Hua Miao
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, The College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710069, PR China
| | - Xian-Long Cheng
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, State Food and Drug Administration, No. 2 Tiantan Xili, Beijing, 100050, PR China
| | - Feng Wei
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, State Food and Drug Administration, No. 2 Tiantan Xili, Beijing, 100050, PR China
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Croasdell A, Thatcher TH, Kottmann RM, Colas RA, Dalli J, Serhan CN, Sime PJ, Phipps RP. Resolvins attenuate inflammation and promote resolution in cigarette smoke-exposed human macrophages. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2015; 309:L888-901. [PMID: 26301452 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00125.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a protective response to injury, but it can become chronic, leading to tissue damage and disease. Cigarette smoke causes multiple inflammatory diseases, which account for thousands of deaths and cost billions of dollars annually. Cigarette smoke disrupts the function of immune cells, such as macrophages, by prolonging inflammatory signaling, promoting oxidative stress, and impairing phagocytosis, contributing to increased incidence of infections. Recently, new families of lipid-derived mediators, "specialized proresolving mediators" (SPMs), were identified. SPMs play a critical role in the active resolution of inflammation by counterregulating proinflammatory signaling and promoting resolution pathways. We have identified dysregulated concentrations of lipid mediators in exhaled breath condensate, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and serum from patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In human alveolar macrophages from COPD and non-COPD patients, D-series resolvins decreased inflammatory cytokines and enhanced phagocytosis. To further investigate the actions of resolvins on human cells, macrophages were differentiated from human blood monocytes and treated with D-series resolvins and then exposed to cigarette smoke extract. Resolvins significantly suppressed macrophage production of proinflammatory cytokines, enzymes, and lipid mediators. Resolvins also increased anti-inflammatory cytokines, promoted an M2 macrophage phenotype, and restored cigarette smoke-induced defects in phagocytosis, highlighting the proresolving functions of these molecules. These actions were receptor-dependent and involved modulation of canonical and noncanonical NF-κB expression, with the first evidence for SPM action on alternative NF-κB signaling. These data show that resolvins act on human macrophages to attenuate cigarette smoke-induced inflammatory effects through proresolving mechanisms and provide new evidence of the therapeutic potential of SPMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Croasdell
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York; Lung Biology and Disease Program, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York
| | - Thomas H Thatcher
- Lung Biology and Disease Program, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York; Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York; and
| | - R Matthew Kottmann
- Lung Biology and Disease Program, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York; Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York; and
| | - Romain A Colas
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jesmond Dalli
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Charles N Serhan
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Patricia J Sime
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York; Lung Biology and Disease Program, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York; Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York; and
| | - Richard P Phipps
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York; Lung Biology and Disease Program, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York; Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York; and
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Yang L, Mäki-Petäjä K, Cheriyan J, McEniery C, Wilkinson IB. The role of epoxyeicosatrienoic acids in the cardiovascular system. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2015; 80:28-44. [PMID: 25655310 PMCID: PMC4500322 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.12603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2014] [Revised: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
There is increasing evidence suggesting that epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) play an important role in cardioprotective mechanisms. These include regulating vascular tone, modulating inflammatory responses, improving cardiomyocyte function and reducing ischaemic damage, resulting in attenuation of animal models of cardiovascular risk factors. This review discusses the current knowledge on the role of EETs in endothelium-dependent control of vascular tone in the healthy and in subjects with cardiovascular risk factors, and considers the pharmacological potential of targeting this pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Yang
- Experimental Medicine and Immunotherapeutics, Department of Medicine, Box 110, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - K Mäki-Petäjä
- Experimental Medicine and Immunotherapeutics, Department of Medicine, Box 110, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - J Cheriyan
- Experimental Medicine and Immunotherapeutics, Department of Medicine, Box 110, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - C McEniery
- Experimental Medicine and Immunotherapeutics, Department of Medicine, Box 110, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - I B Wilkinson
- Experimental Medicine and Immunotherapeutics, Department of Medicine, Box 110, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
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Sheridan JA, Zago M, Nair P, Li PZ, Bourbeau J, Tan WC, Hamid Q, Eidelman DH, Benedetti AL, Baglole CJ. Decreased expression of the NF-κB family member RelB in lung fibroblasts from Smokers with and without COPD potentiates cigarette smoke-induced COX-2 expression. Respir Res 2015; 16:54. [PMID: 25943190 PMCID: PMC4427974 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-015-0214-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heightened inflammation, including expression of COX-2, is associated with COPD pathogenesis. RelB is an NF-κB family member that attenuates COX-2 in response to cigarette smoke by a mechanism that may involve the miRNA miR-146a. There is no information on the expression of RelB in COPD or if RelB prevents COX-2 expression through miR-146a. METHODS RelB, Cox-2 and miR-146a levels were evaluated in lung fibroblasts and blood samples derived from non-smokers (Normal) and smokers (At Risk) with and without COPD by qRT-PCR. RelB and COX-2 protein levels were evaluated by western blot. Human lung fibroblasts from Normal subjects and smokers with and without COPD, along with RelB knock-down (siRNA) in Normal cells, were exposed to cigarette smoke extract (CSE) in vitro and COX-2 mRNA/protein and miR-146a levels assessed. RESULTS Basal expression of RelB mRNA and protein were significantly lower in lung cells derived from smokers with and without COPD, the latter of which expressed more Cox-2 mRNA and protein in response to CSE. Knock-down of RelB in Normal fibroblasts increased Cox-2 mRNA and protein induction by CSE. Basal miR-146a levels were not different between the three groups, and only Normal fibroblasts increased miR-146a expression in response to smoke. There was a positive correlation between systemic RelB and Cox-2 mRNA levels and circulating miR-146a levels were higher only in GOLD stage I subjects. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that RelB attenuates COX-2 expression in lung structural cells, such that loss of pulmonary RelB may be an important determinant in the aberrant, heightened inflammation associated with COPD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared A Sheridan
- Department of Medicine, 1001 Decarie Blvd, Montreal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada.
| | - Michela Zago
- Department of Medicine, 1001 Decarie Blvd, Montreal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada.
| | | | - Pei Z Li
- Respiratory Epidemiology and Clinical Research Unit, Montreal Chest Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| | - Jean Bourbeau
- Respiratory Epidemiology and Clinical Research Unit, Montreal Chest Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| | - Wan C Tan
- The UBC James Hogg Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
| | - Qutayba Hamid
- Department of Medicine, 1001 Decarie Blvd, Montreal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada.
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, 1001 Decarie Blvd, Montreal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada.
| | - David H Eidelman
- Department of Medicine, 1001 Decarie Blvd, Montreal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada.
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, 1001 Decarie Blvd, Montreal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada.
| | - Andrea L Benedetti
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, 1001 Decarie Blvd, Montreal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada.
| | - Carolyn J Baglole
- Department of Medicine, 1001 Decarie Blvd, Montreal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada.
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, 1001 Decarie Blvd, Montreal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada.
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Miyata J, Arita M. Role of omega-3 fatty acids and their metabolites in asthma and allergic diseases. Allergol Int 2015; 64:27-34. [PMID: 25572556 DOI: 10.1016/j.alit.2014.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Revised: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 08/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Omega-3 fatty acids, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), are found naturally in fish oil and are commonly thought to be anti-inflammatory nutrients, with protective effects in inflammatory diseases including asthma and allergies. The mechanisms of these effects remain mostly unknown but are of great interest for their potential therapeutic applications. Large numbers of epidemiological and observational studies investigating the effect of fish intake or omega-3 fatty acid supplementation during pregnancy, lactation, infancy, childhood, and adulthood on asthmatic and allergic outcomes have been conducted. They mostly indicate protective effects and suggest a causal relationship between decreased intake of fish oil in modernized diets and an increasing number of individuals with asthma or other allergic diseases. Specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPM: protectins, resolvins, and maresins) are generated from omega-3 fatty acids such as EPA and DHA via several enzymatic reactions. These mediators counter-regulate airway eosinophilic inflammation and promote the resolution of inflammation in vivo. Several reports have indicated that the biosynthesis of SPM is impaired, especially in severe asthma, which suggests that chronic inflammation in the lung might result from a resolution defect. This article focuses on the beneficial aspects of omega-3 fatty acids and offers recent insights into their bioactive metabolites including resolvins and protectins.
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Amann A, Costello BDL, Miekisch W, Schubert J, Buszewski B, Pleil J, Ratcliffe N, Risby T. The human volatilome: volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in exhaled breath, skin emanations, urine, feces and saliva. J Breath Res 2014; 8:034001. [PMID: 24946087 DOI: 10.1088/1752-7155/8/3/034001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 377] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Breath analysis is a young field of research with its roots in antiquity. Antoine Lavoisier discovered carbon dioxide in exhaled breath during the period 1777-1783, Wilhelm (Vilém) Petters discovered acetone in breath in 1857 and Johannes Müller reported the first quantitative measurements of acetone in 1898. A recent review reported 1765 volatile compounds appearing in exhaled breath, skin emanations, urine, saliva, human breast milk, blood and feces. For a large number of compounds, real-time analysis of exhaled breath or skin emanations has been performed, e.g., during exertion of effort on a stationary bicycle or during sleep. Volatile compounds in exhaled breath, which record historical exposure, are called the 'exposome'. Changes in biogenic volatile organic compound concentrations can be used to mirror metabolic or (patho)physiological processes in the whole body or blood concentrations of drugs (e.g. propofol) in clinical settings-even during artificial ventilation or during surgery. Also compounds released by bacterial strains like Pseudomonas aeruginosa or Streptococcus pneumonia could be very interesting. Methyl methacrylate (CAS 80-62-6), for example, was observed in the headspace of Streptococcus pneumonia in concentrations up to 1420 ppb. Fecal volatiles have been implicated in differentiating certain infectious bowel diseases such as Clostridium difficile, Campylobacter, Salmonella and Cholera. They have also been used to differentiate other non-infectious conditions such as irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease. In addition, alterations in urine volatiles have been used to detect urinary tract infections, bladder, prostate and other cancers. Peroxidation of lipids and other biomolecules by reactive oxygen species produce volatile compounds like ethane and 1-pentane. Noninvasive detection and therapeutic monitoring of oxidative stress would be highly desirable in autoimmunological, neurological, inflammatory diseases and cancer, but also during surgery and in intensive care units. The investigation of cell cultures opens up new possibilities for elucidation of the biochemical background of volatile compounds. In future studies, combined investigations of a particular compound with regard to human matrices such as breath, urine, saliva and cell culture investigations will lead to novel scientific progress in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Amann
- Univ-Clinic for Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Innsbruck Medical University, Anichstr, 35, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. Breath Research Institute of the University of Innsbruck, Rathausplatz 4, A-6850 Dornbirn, Austria
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Kortz L, Dorow J, Ceglarek U. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for the analysis of eicosanoids and related lipids in human biological matrices: a review. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2014; 964:1-11. [PMID: 24583205 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2014.01.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Revised: 12/30/2013] [Accepted: 01/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Today, there is an increasing number of liquid chromatography tandem-mass spectrometric (LC-MS/MS) methods for the analysis of eicosanoids and related lipids in biological matrices. An overview of currently applied LC-MS/MS methods is given with attention to sample preparation strategies, chromatographic separation including ultra high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) and chiral separation, as well as to mass spectrometric detection using multiple reacting monitoring (MRM). Further, the application in recent clinical research is reviewed with focus on preanalytical aspects prior to LC-MS/MS analysis as well as applications in major diseases of Western civilization including respiratory diseases, diabetes, cancer, liver diseases, atherosclerosis, and neurovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Kortz
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, University Hospital Leipzig, Liebigstr. 27, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; LIFE - Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, Universität Leipzig, Germany
| | - Juliane Dorow
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, University Hospital Leipzig, Liebigstr. 27, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; LIFE - Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, Universität Leipzig, Germany
| | - Uta Ceglarek
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, University Hospital Leipzig, Liebigstr. 27, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; LIFE - Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, Universität Leipzig, Germany.
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Zhao YY, Cheng XL, Lin RC. Lipidomics applications for discovering biomarkers of diseases in clinical chemistry. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2014; 313:1-26. [PMID: 25376488 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-800177-6.00001-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Lipids are the fundamental components of biological membranes as well as the metabolites of organisms. Lipids play diverse and important roles in biologicals. The lipid imbalance is closely associated with numerous human lifestyle-related diseases, such as atherosclerosis, obesity, diabetes, and Alzheimer's disease. Lipidomics or lipid profiling is a system-based study of all lipids aiming at comprehensive analysis of lipids in the biological system. Lipidomics has been accepted as a lipid-related research tool in lipid biochemistry, clinical biomarker discovery, disease diagnosis, and in understanding disease pathology. Lipidomics will not only provide insights into the specific functions of lipid species in health and disease, but will also identify potential biomarkers for establishing preventive or therapeutic programs for human diseases. This review presents an overview of lipidomics followed by in-depth discussion of its application to the study of human diseases, including extraction methods of lipids, analytical technologies, data analysis, and clinical research in cancer, neuropsychiatric disease, cardiovascular disease, kidney disease, and respiratory disease. We describe the current status of the identification of metabolic biomarkers in different diseases. We also discuss the lipidomics for the future perspectives and their potential problems. The application of lipidomics in clinical studies may provide new insights into lipid profiling and pathophysiological mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Yong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, The College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Shaanxi, China; Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Xian-long Cheng
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, State Food and Drug Administration, Beijing, China
| | - Rui-Chao Lin
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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Zulyniak MA, Perreault M, Gerling C, Spriet LL, Mutch DM. Fish oil supplementation alters circulating eicosanoid concentrations in young healthy men. Metabolism 2013; 62:1107-13. [PMID: 23522836 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2013.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2012] [Revised: 02/13/2013] [Accepted: 02/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Increasing omega-3 fatty acid (FA) intake, particularly eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), is associated with numerous health benefits; however, the benefits on inflammation appear to vary depending on the study population examined. While improvements in inflammatory status have been reported in the elderly, there is less evidence regarding the effects of fish oil supplementation on inflammation in young adults. The goal of the present study was to examine the influence of fish oil supplementation on lipid metabolites and the inflammatory status of young healthy men. MATERIALS/METHODS Fasted serum samples were collected from 10 young healthy males (23.4 ± 1.7 years) before and after a 3-month supplementation of fish-oil containing 2.0g EPA and 1.0g DHA. Samples were analyzed to investigate changes in FA profiles, bioclinical parameters (e.g. triglyceride and hs-CRP), and a panel of 26 eicosanoids. Paired t-tests were used to evaluate changes between the time points. RESULTS Serum triglycerides decreased (P=0.0006) while the proportion of HDL-c (relative to total cholesterol) increased significantly (P=0.0495) after fish oil supplementation. Specific monounsaturated and polyunsaturated FA levels were changed following supplementation, including reductions in palmitoleic and oleic acid, and, as expected, increases in EPA and DHA. We also observed increases in eicosanoids, namely prostaglandin-F2α (P<0.0001) and thromboxane-B2 (P=0.0296), after fish oil supplementation. CONCLUSIONS A 3-month fish oil supplementation in young healthy men improved circulating triglyceride levels and the HDL-c ratio while, concomitantly, increasing the concentrations of two eicosanoids (prostaglandin-F2α and thromboxane-B2). This suggests that fish oil supplementation does have significant benefits in young healthy adults and that specific omega-6-derived eicosanoids can help to further our understanding regarding the beneficial link between omega-3 FA and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Zulyniak
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences. University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada, N1G 2W1
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Murphy SA, Nicolaou A. Lipidomics applications in health, disease and nutrition research. Mol Nutr Food Res 2013; 57:1336-46. [PMID: 23729171 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201200863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2012] [Revised: 02/21/2013] [Accepted: 03/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The structural and functional diversity of lipids accounts for their involvement into a wide range of homeostatic processes and disease states, including lifestyle-related diseases as well as genetic conditions. Challenges presented by this diversity have been addressed to a great extent by the development of lipidomics, a platform that makes possible the detailed profiling and characterisation of lipid species present in any cell, organelle, tissue or body fluid, and allows for a wider appreciation of the biological role of lipid networks. Progress in the field of lipidomics has been greatly facilitated by recent advances in MS and includes a range of analytical platforms supporting applications spanning from qualitative and quantitative assessment of multiple species to lipid imaging. Here we review these MS techniques currently in routine use in lipidomics, alongside with new ones that have started making an impact in the field. Recent applications in health, disease and nutrition-related questions will also be discussed with a view to convey the importance of lipidomics contributions to biosciences and food technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon A Murphy
- School of Pharmacy and Centre for Skin Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, UK
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Thatcher TH, Hsiao HM, Pinner E, Laudon M, Pollock SJ, Sime PJ, Phipps RP. Neu-164 and Neu-107, two novel antioxidant and anti-myeloperoxidase compounds, inhibit acute cigarette smoke-induced lung inflammation. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2013; 305:L165-74. [PMID: 23686858 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00036.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smoke is a profound proinflammatory stimulus that causes acute lung inflammation and chronic lung disease, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD, emphysema, and chronic bronchitis), via a variety of mechanisms, including oxidative stress. Cigarette smoke contains high levels of free radicals, whereas inflammatory cells, including macrophages and neutrophils, express enzymes, including NADPH oxidase, nitric oxide synthase, and myeloperoxidase, that generate reactive oxygen species in situ and contribute to inflammation and tissue damage. Neu-164 and Neu-107 are small-molecule inhibitors of myeloperoxidase, as well as potent antioxidants. We hypothesized that Neu-164 and Neu-107 would inhibit acute cigarette smoke-induced inflammation. Adult C57BL/6J mice were exposed to mainstream cigarette smoke for 3 days to induce acute inflammation and were treated daily by inhalation with Neu-164, Neu-107, or dexamethasone as a control. Inflammatory cells and cytokines were assessed by bronchoalveolar lavage and histology. mRNA levels of endogenous antioxidant genes heme oxygenase-1 and glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit were determined by qPCR. Cigarette smoke exposure induced acute lung inflammation with accumulation of neutrophils and upregulation of proinflammatory cytokines, including IL-6, macrophage inflammatory protein-2, and keratinocyte-derived cytokine. Both Neu-164 and Neu-107 significantly reduced the accumulation of inflammatory cells and the expression of inflammatory cytokines as effectively as dexamethasone. Upregulation of endogenous antioxidant genes was dampened. Neu-164 and Neu-107 inhibit acute cigarette smoke-induced inflammation by scavenging reactive oxygen species in cigarette smoke and by inhibiting further oxidative stress caused by inflammatory cells. These compounds may have promise in preventing or treating lung disease associated with chronic smoke exposure, including COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas H Thatcher
- Department of Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
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Kazani S, Planaguma A, Ono E, Bonini M, Zahid M, Marigowda G, Wechsler ME, Levy BD, Israel E. Exhaled breath condensate eicosanoid levels associate with asthma and its severity. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2013; 132:547-553. [PMID: 23608729 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2013.01.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2012] [Revised: 01/28/2013] [Accepted: 01/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationship between anti-inflammatory lipoxins and proinflammatory leukotrienes might be important in the pathobiology and severity of asthma. OBJECTIVE We sought to investigate whether exhaled breath condensate (EBC) lipoxin and leukotriene measurements can noninvasively characterize the asthmatic diathesis and its severity. METHODS We measured lipoxin A4 (LXA4) and leukotriene B4 (LTB4) levels in EBC collected from patients with asthma of different severities and from healthy control subjects. RESULTS EBC LXA4 and LTB4 levels are increased in asthmatic patients compared with those seen in healthy control subjects (LXA4: 31.40 vs 2.41 pg/mL EBC, respectively [P < .001]; LTB4: 45.62 vs 3.82 pg/mL EBC, respectively [P < .001]). Although levels of both eicosanoids are increased in asthmatic patients, the LXA4/LTB4 ratio decreases with increasing asthma severity. It is 41% lower in patients with severe versus moderate asthma (0.52 vs 0.88, P = .034). EBC LXA4 levels correlate with the degree of airflow obstruction measured by using FEV1 (r = 0.28, P = .018). An LXA4 cutoff value of 7 pg/mL EBC provides 90% sensitivity and 92% specificity for the diagnosis of asthma (area under the curve, 0.96; P < .001). An LTB4 cutoff value of 11 pg/mL EBC provides 100% sensitivity and 100% specificity for the diagnosis of asthma (area under the curve, 1; P < .001). CONCLUSIONS Proresolving and proinflammatory eicosanoids are generated in the airways of all asthmatic patients. The proportion of proresolving compounds decreases with asthma severity. These findings support the role for EBC eicosanoid measurements in the noninvasive diagnosis of asthma and suggest that proresolving eicosanoid pathways are dysregulated in patients with severe asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamsah Kazani
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass.
| | - Anna Planaguma
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Emiko Ono
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Matteo Bonini
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Muhammad Zahid
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Gautham Marigowda
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Michael E Wechsler
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Bruce D Levy
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Elliot Israel
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
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Levy BD. Resolvin D1 and Resolvin E1 Promote the Resolution of Allergic Airway Inflammation via Shared and Distinct Molecular Counter-Regulatory Pathways. Front Immunol 2012; 3:390. [PMID: 23293638 PMCID: PMC3531584 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2012.00390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2012] [Accepted: 12/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Resolvins are generated from omega-3 fatty acids during inflammatory responses in the lung. These natural mediators interact with specific receptors to decrease lung inflammation and promote its resolution in healthy tissues. There are several lung diseases of chronic inflammation that fail to resolve, most notable asthma. This common disorder has a lifetime prevalence of nearly 10% and is characterized, in part, by chronic, non-resolving inflammation of the airway. Pro-resolving mediators are generated during asthma; however, their biosynthesis is decreased in severe and uncontrolled asthma, suggesting that the chronic, adaptive inflammation in asthmatic airways may result from a resolution defect. This article focuses on recent insights into the cellular and molecular mechanisms for resolvins that limit adaptive immune responses in healthy airways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce D. Levy
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBoston, MA, USA,*Correspondence: Bruce D. Levy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Room 855, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA. e-mail:
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Noguera A, Gomez C, Faner R, Cosio B, González-Périz A, Clària J, Carvajal A, Agustí A. An investigation of the resolution of inflammation (catabasis) in COPD. Respir Res 2012; 13:101. [PMID: 23148928 PMCID: PMC3546860 DOI: 10.1186/1465-9921-13-101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2012] [Accepted: 11/06/2012] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is characterized by an enhanced inflammatory response to smoking that persists despite quitting. The resolution of inflammation (catabasis) is a complex and highly regulated process where tissue resident macrophages play a key role since they phagocytose apoptotic cells (efferocytosis), preventing their secondary necrosis and the spill-over of their pro-inflammatory cytoplasmic content, and release pro-resolution and tissue repair molecules, such as TGFβ, VEGF and HGF. Because inflammation does not resolve in COPD, we hypothesized that catabasis may be abnormal in these patients. METHODS To explore this hypothesis, we studied lung tissue samples obtained at surgery from 21 COPD patients, 22 smokers with normal spirometry and 13 non-smokers controls. In these samples we used: (1) immunohistochemistry to assess the expression of CD44, CD36, VEGF and TGFβ in lung macrophages; (2) real time PCR to determine HGF, PPARγ, TGFβ, VEGF and MMP-9 gene expression; and, (3) ELISA to quantify lipoxin A4, a lipid mediator of catabasis. RESULTS We found that current and former smokers with COPD showed: (1) more inflammation (higher MMP-9 expression); (2) reduced macrophage surface expression of CD44, a key efferocytosis receptor; and, (3) similar levels of TGFβ, VEGF, HGF, PPARγ, and lipoxin A4 than smokers with normal spirometry, despite the presence of inflammation and disease. CONCLUSIONS These results identify several potential abnormalities of catabasis in patients with COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aina Noguera
- Hospital Universitario Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
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