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Chew BS, Trinh NN, Koch DT, Borras E, Levasseur MK, Simms LA, McCartney MM, Gibson P, Kenyon NJ, Davis CE. Data-Driven Approach to Modeling Microfabricated Chemical Sensor Manufacturing. Anal Chem 2024; 96:364-372. [PMID: 38156894 PMCID: PMC11015434 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c04394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
We have developed a statistical model-based approach to the quality analysis (QA) and quality control (QC) of a gas micro pre-concentrator chip (μPC) performance when manufactured at scale for chemical and biochemical analysis of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). To test the proposed model, a medium-sized university-led production batch of 30 wafers of chips were subjected to rigorous chemical performance testing. We quantitatively report the outcomes of each manufacturing process step leading to the final functional chemical sensor chip. We implemented a principal component analysis (PCA) model to score individual chip chemical performance, and we observed that the first two principal components represent 74.28% of chemical testing variance with 111 of 118 viable chips falling into the 95% confidence interval. Chemical performance scores and chip manufacturing data were analyzed using a multivariate regression model to determine the most influential manufacturing parameters and steps. In our analysis, we find the amount of sorbent mass present in the chip (variable importance score = 2.6) and heater and the RTD resistance values (variable importance score = 1.1) to be the manufacturing parameters with the greatest impact on chemical performance. Other non-obvious latent manufacturing parameters also had quantified influence. Statistical distributions for each manufacturing step will allow future large-scale production runs to be statistically sampled during production to perform QA/QC in a real-time environment. We report this study as the first data-driven, model-based production of a microfabricated chemical sensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley S. Chew
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, One Shields Avenue, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616
- UC Davis Lung Center, One Shields Avenue, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Nhi N. Trinh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, One Shields Avenue, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616
- UC Davis Lung Center, One Shields Avenue, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Dylan T. Koch
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, One Shields Avenue, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616
- UC Davis Lung Center, One Shields Avenue, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Eva Borras
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, One Shields Avenue, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616
- UC Davis Lung Center, One Shields Avenue, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Michael K. Levasseur
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, One Shields Avenue, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616
- UC Davis Lung Center, One Shields Avenue, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Leslie A. Simms
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, One Shields Avenue, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616
- UC Davis Lung Center, One Shields Avenue, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Mitchell M. McCartney
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, One Shields Avenue, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616
- UC Davis Lung Center, One Shields Avenue, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616
- VA Northern California Health Care System, 10535 Hospital Way, Mather, CA 95655
| | - Patrick Gibson
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, One Shields Avenue, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616
- UC Davis Lung Center, One Shields Avenue, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Nicholas J. Kenyon
- UC Davis Lung Center, One Shields Avenue, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616
- VA Northern California Health Care System, 10535 Hospital Way, Mather, CA 95655
- Department of Internal Medicine, 4150 V Street, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817
| | - Cristina E. Davis
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, One Shields Avenue, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616
- UC Davis Lung Center, One Shields Avenue, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616
- VA Northern California Health Care System, 10535 Hospital Way, Mather, CA 95655
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Borras E, McCartney MM, Rojas DE, Hicks TL, Tran NK, Tham T, Juarez MM, Franzi L, Harper RW, Davis CE, Kenyon NJ. Oxylipin concentration shift in exhaled breath condensate (EBC) of SARS-CoV-2 infected patients. J Breath Res 2023; 17:10.1088/1752-7163/acea3d. [PMID: 37489864 PMCID: PMC10446499 DOI: 10.1088/1752-7163/acea3d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Infection of airway epithelial cells with severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) can lead to severe respiratory tract damage and lung injury with hypoxia. It is challenging to sample the lower airways non-invasively and the capability to identify a highly representative specimen that can be collected in a non-invasive way would provide opportunities to investigate metabolomic consequences of COVID-19 disease. In the present study, we performed a targeted metabolomic approach using liquid chromatography coupled with high resolution chromatography (LC-MS) on exhaled breath condensate (EBC) collected from hospitalized COVID-19 patients (COVID+) and negative controls, both non-hospitalized and hospitalized for other reasons (COVID-). We were able to noninvasively identify and quantify inflammatory oxylipin shifts and dysregulation that may ultimately be used to monitor COVID-19 disease progression or severity and response to therapy. We also expected EBC-based biochemical oxylipin changes associated with COVID-19 host response to infection. The results indicated ten targeted oxylipins showing significative differences between SAR-CoV-2 infected EBC samples and negative control subjects. These compounds were prostaglandins A2 and D2, LXA4, 5-HETE, 12-HETE, 15-HETE, 5-HEPE, 9-HODE, 13-oxoODE and 19(20)-EpDPA, which are associated with specific pathways (i.e. P450, COX, 15-LOX) related to inflammatory and oxidative stress processes. Moreover, all these compounds were up-regulated by COVID+, meaning their concentrations were higher in subjects with SAR-CoV-2 infection. Given that many COVID-19 symptoms are inflammatory in nature, this is interesting insight into the pathophysiology of the disease. Breath monitoring of these and other EBC metabolites presents an interesting opportunity to monitor key indicators of disease progression and severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Borras
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, One Shields Avenue, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
- UC Davis Lung Center, University of California Davis, CA
- These authors contributed equally: Eva Borras, Mitchell M. McCartney
| | - Mitchell M. McCartney
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, One Shields Avenue, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
- UC Davis Lung Center, University of California Davis, CA
- VA Northern California Health Care System, 10535 Hospital Way, Mather, CA 95655, USA
- These authors contributed equally: Eva Borras, Mitchell M. McCartney
| | - Dante E. Rojas
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, One Shields Avenue, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
- UC Davis Lung Center, University of California Davis, CA
| | - Tristan L Hicks
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, One Shields Avenue, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
- UC Davis Lung Center, University of California Davis, CA
| | - Nam K Tran
- UC Davis Lung Center, University of California Davis, CA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UC Davis, Sacramento CA, USA
| | - Tina Tham
- UC Davis Lung Center, University of California Davis, CA
- Department of Internal Medicine, 4150 V Street, Suite 3400, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Maya M Juarez
- UC Davis Lung Center, University of California Davis, CA
- Department of Internal Medicine, 4150 V Street, Suite 3400, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Lisa Franzi
- UC Davis Lung Center, University of California Davis, CA
- Department of Internal Medicine, 4150 V Street, Suite 3400, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Richart W. Harper
- UC Davis Lung Center, University of California Davis, CA
- VA Northern California Health Care System, 10535 Hospital Way, Mather, CA 95655, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, 4150 V Street, Suite 3400, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Cristina E. Davis
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, One Shields Avenue, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
- UC Davis Lung Center, University of California Davis, CA
- VA Northern California Health Care System, 10535 Hospital Way, Mather, CA 95655, USA
| | - Nicholas J. Kenyon
- UC Davis Lung Center, University of California Davis, CA
- VA Northern California Health Care System, 10535 Hospital Way, Mather, CA 95655, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UC Davis, Sacramento CA, USA
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Fothergill DM, Borras E, McCartney MM, Schelegle E, Davis CE. Exhaled breath condensate profiles of U.S. Navy divers following prolonged hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) and nitrogen-oxygen (Nitrox) chamber exposures. J Breath Res 2023; 17:10.1088/1752-7163/acd715. [PMID: 37207635 PMCID: PMC11057948 DOI: 10.1088/1752-7163/acd715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Prolonged exposure to hyperbaric hyperoxia can lead to pulmonary oxygen toxicity (PO2tox). PO2tox is a mission limiting factor for special operations forces divers using closed-circuit rebreathing apparatus and a potential side effect for patients undergoing hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) treatment. In this study, we aim to determine if there is a specific breath profile of compounds in exhaled breath condensate (EBC) that is indicative of the early stages of pulmonary hyperoxic stress/PO2tox. Using a double-blind, randomized 'sham' controlled, cross-over design 14 U.S. Navy trained diver volunteers breathed two different gas mixtures at an ambient pressure of 2 ATA (33 fsw, 10 msw) for 6.5 h. One test gas consisted of 100% O2(HBO) and the other was a gas mixture containing 30.6% O2with the balance N2(Nitrox). The high O2stress dive (HBO) and low O2stress dive (Nitrox) were separated by at least seven days and were conducted dry and at rest inside a hyperbaric chamber. EBC samples were taken immediately before and after each dive and subsequently underwent a targeted and untargeted metabolomics analysis using liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Following the HBO dive, 10 out of 14 subjects reported symptoms of the early stages of PO2tox and one subject terminated the dive early due to severe symptoms of PO2tox. No symptoms of PO2tox were reported following the nitrox dive. A partial least-squares discriminant analysis of the normalized (relative to pre-dive) untargeted data gave good classification abilities between the HBO and nitrox EBC with an AUC of 0.99 (±2%) and sensitivity and specificity of 0.93 (±10%) and 0.94 (±10%), respectively. The resulting classifications identified specific biomarkers that included human metabolites and lipids and their derivatives from different metabolic pathways that may explain metabolomic changes resulting from prolonged HBO exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eva Borras
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, One Shields Avenue, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
- UC Davis Lung Center, One Shields Avenue, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Mitchell M. McCartney
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, One Shields Avenue, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
- UC Davis Lung Center, One Shields Avenue, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
- VA Northern California Health Care System, Mather, California, USA
| | - Edward Schelegle
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Cristina E. Davis
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, One Shields Avenue, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
- UC Davis Lung Center, One Shields Avenue, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
- VA Northern California Health Care System, Mather, California, USA
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Dasgupta S, Ghosh N, Bhattacharyya P, Roy Chowdhury S, Chaudhury K. Metabolomics of asthma, COPD, and asthma-COPD overlap: an overview. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2023; 60:153-170. [PMID: 36420874 DOI: 10.1080/10408363.2022.2140329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The two common progressive lung diseases, asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), are the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Asthma-COPD overlap, referred to as ACO, is another complex pulmonary disease that manifests itself with features of both asthma and COPD. The disease has no clear diagnostic or therapeutic guidelines, thereby making both diagnosis and treatment challenging. Though a number of studies on ACO have been documented, gaps in knowledge regarding the pathophysiologic mechanism of this disorder exist. Addressing this issue is an urgent need for improved diagnostic and therapeutic management of the disease. Metabolomics, an increasingly popular technique, reveals the pathogenesis of complex diseases and holds promise in biomarker discovery. This comprehensive narrative review, comprising 99 original research articles in the last five years (2017-2022), summarizes the scientific advances in terms of metabolic alterations in patients with asthma, COPD, and ACO. The analytical tools, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), commonly used to study the expression of the metabolome, are discussed. Challenges frequently encountered during metabolite identification and quality assessment are highlighted. Bridging the gap between phenotype and metabotype is envisioned in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjukta Dasgupta
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India
| | - Nilanjana Ghosh
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India
| | | | | | - Koel Chaudhury
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India
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5
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McCartney MM, Borras E, Rojas DE, Hicks TL, Hamera KL, Tran NK, Tham T, Juarez MM, Lopez E, Kenyon NJ, Davis CE. Predominant SARS-CoV-2 variant impacts accuracy when screening for infection using exhaled breath vapor. COMMUNICATIONS MEDICINE 2022; 2:158. [PMID: 36482179 PMCID: PMC9731983 DOI: 10.1038/s43856-022-00221-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND New technologies with novel and ambitious approaches are being developed to diagnose or screen for SARS-CoV-2, including breath tests. The US FDA approved the first breath test for COVID-19 under emergency use authorization in April 2022. Most breath-based assays measure volatile metabolites exhaled by persons to identify a host response to infection. We hypothesized that the breathprint of COVID-19 fluctuated after Omicron became the primary variant of transmission over the Delta variant. METHODS We collected breath samples from 142 persons with and without a confirmed COVID-19 infection during the Delta and Omicron waves. Breath samples were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. RESULTS Here we show that based on 63 exhaled compounds, a general COVID-19 model had an accuracy of 0.73 ± 0.06, which improved to 0.82 ± 0.12 when modeling only the Delta wave, and 0.84 ± 0.06 for the Omicron wave. The specificity improved for the Delta and Omicron models (0.79 ± 0.21 and 0.74 ± 0.12, respectively) relative to the general model (0.61 ± 0.13). CONCLUSIONS We report that the volatile signature of COVID-19 in breath differs between the Delta-predominant and Omicron-predominant variant waves, and accuracies improve when samples from these waves are modeled separately rather than as one universal approach. Our findings have important implications for groups developing breath-based assays for COVID-19 and other respiratory pathogens, as the host response to infection may significantly differ depending on variants or subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell M McCartney
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, UC Davis, Davis, CA, USA
- UC Davis Lung Center, Davis, CA, USA
- VA Northern California Health Care System, Mather, CA, USA
| | - Eva Borras
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, UC Davis, Davis, CA, USA
- UC Davis Lung Center, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Dante E Rojas
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, UC Davis, Davis, CA, USA
- UC Davis Lung Center, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Tristan L Hicks
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, UC Davis, Davis, CA, USA
- UC Davis Lung Center, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Katherine L Hamera
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, UC Davis, Davis, CA, USA
- UC Davis Lung Center, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Nam K Tran
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UC Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Tina Tham
- Department of Internal Medicine, UC Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Maya M Juarez
- Department of Internal Medicine, UC Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | | | - Nicholas J Kenyon
- UC Davis Lung Center, Davis, CA, USA
- VA Northern California Health Care System, Mather, CA, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, UC Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Cristina E Davis
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, UC Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
- UC Davis Lung Center, Davis, CA, USA.
- VA Northern California Health Care System, Mather, CA, USA.
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6
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Mass spectrometry for breath analysis. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Hu S, McCartney MM, Arredondo J, Sankaran-Walters S, Borras E, Harper RW, Schivo M, Davis CE, Kenyon NJ, Dandekar S. Inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 in clinical exhaled breath condensate samples for metabolomic analysis. J Breath Res 2021; 16:10.1088/1752-7163/ac3f24. [PMID: 34852327 PMCID: PMC9809239 DOI: 10.1088/1752-7163/ac3f24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Exhaled breath condensate (EBC) is routinely collected and analyzed in breath research. Because it contains aerosol droplets, EBC samples from SARS-CoV-2 infected individuals harbor the virus and pose the threat of infectious exposure. We report for the first time a safe and consistent method to fully inactivate SARS-CoV-2 in EBC samples and make EBC samples safe for processing and analysis. EBC samples containing infectious SARS-CoV-2 were treated with several concentrations of acetonitrile. The most commonly used 10% acetonitrile treatment for EBC processing failed to completely inactivate the virus in samples and viable virus was detected by the assay of SARS-CoV-2 infection of Vero E6 cells in a biosafety level 3 laboratory. Treatment with either 50% or 90% acetonitrile was effective to completely inactivate the virus, resulting in safe, non-infectious EBC samples that can be used for metabolomic analysis. Our study provides SARS-CoV-2 inactivation protocol for the collection and processing of EBC samples in the clinical setting and for advancing to metabolic assessments in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Hu
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, United States of America
| | - Mitchell M McCartney
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, United States of America,UC Davis Lung Center, Davis, CA 95616, United States of America,VA Northern California Health Care System, Mather, CA 95655, United States of America
| | - Juan Arredondo
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, United States of America
| | - Sumathi Sankaran-Walters
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, United States of America
| | - Eva Borras
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, United States of America,UC Davis Lung Center, Davis, CA 95616, United States of America
| | - Richart W Harper
- UC Davis Lung Center, Davis, CA 95616, United States of America,VA Northern California Health Care System, Mather, CA 95655, United States of America,Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, United States of America
| | - Michael Schivo
- UC Davis Lung Center, Davis, CA 95616, United States of America,VA Northern California Health Care System, Mather, CA 95655, United States of America,Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, United States of America
| | - Cristina E Davis
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, United States of America,UC Davis Lung Center, Davis, CA 95616, United States of America,VA Northern California Health Care System, Mather, CA 95655, United States of America
| | - Nicholas J Kenyon
- UC Davis Lung Center, Davis, CA 95616, United States of America,VA Northern California Health Care System, Mather, CA 95655, United States of America,Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, United States of America
| | - Satya Dandekar
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, United States of America,Author to whom any correspondence should be addressed.
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Metabolomics profiling of human exhaled breath condensate by SPME/GC × GC-ToFMS: Exploratory study on the use of face masks at the level of lipid peroxidation volatile markers. Microchem J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2021.106830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Borras E, McCartney MM, Thompson CH, Meagher RJ, Kenyon NJ, Schivo M, Davis CE. Exhaled breath biomarkers of influenza infection and influenza vaccination. J Breath Res 2021; 15. [PMID: 34343985 DOI: 10.1088/1752-7163/ac1a61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Respiratory viral infections are considered a major public health threat, and breath metabolomics can provide new ways to detect and understand how specific viruses affect the human pulmonary system. In this pilot study, we characterized the metabolic composition of human breath for an early diagnosis and differentiation of influenza viral infection, as well as other types of upper respiratory viral infections. We first studied the non-specific effects of planned seasonal influenza vaccines on breath metabolites in healthy subjects after receiving the immunization. We then investigated changes in breath content from hospitalized patients with flu-like symptoms and confirmed upper respiratory viral infection. The exhaled breath was sampled using a custom-made breath condenser, and exhaled breath condensate (EBC) samples were analysed using liquid chromatography coupled to quadruplole-time-of-flight mass spectrometer (LC-qTOF). All metabolomic data was analysed using both targeted and untargeted approaches to detect specific known biomarkers from inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers, as well as new molecules associated with specific infections. We were able to find clear differences between breath samples collected before and after flu vaccine administration, together with potential biomarkers that are related to inflammatory processes and oxidative stress. Moreover, we were also able to discriminate samples from patients with flu-related symptoms that were diagnosed with confirmatory respiratory viral panels (RVP). RVP positive and negative differences were identified, as well as differences between specific viruses defined. These results provide very promising information for the further study of the effect of influenza A and other viruses in human systems by using a simple and non-invasive specimen like breath.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Borras
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Davis, Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Davis, California, 95616, UNITED STATES
| | - Mitchell M McCartney
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California - Davis, Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Davis, California, 95616, UNITED STATES
| | - Cai Hugo Thompson
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, UC Davis, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, California, 95616, UNITED STATES
| | - Robert J Meagher
- Sandia National Laboratories California, 7011 East Avenue, Livermore, California, 94551-0969, UNITED STATES
| | - Nicholas J Kenyon
- Sacramento Medical Center, UC Davis Health System, Sacramento, CA 795187, USA, Sacramento, California, 95616, UNITED STATES
| | - Michael Schivo
- Department of Internal Medicine, UC Davis Health System, 4150 V Street, Suite 3100, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA, Sacramento, 95616, UNITED STATES
| | - Cristina E Davis
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California - Davis, Davis, USA, Davis, California, 95616, UNITED STATES
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Li S, Liu J, Zhou J, Wang Y, Jin F, Chen X, Yang J, Chen Z. Urinary Metabolomic Profiling Reveals Biological Pathways and Predictive Signatures Associated with Childhood Asthma. J Asthma Allergy 2020; 13:713-724. [PMID: 33376359 PMCID: PMC7755329 DOI: 10.2147/jaa.s281198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Despite considerable efforts, the pathogenic mechanisms of asthma are still incompletely understood, due to its heterogeneous nature. However, metabolomics can offer a global view of a biological system, making it a valuable tool for further elucidation of mechanisms and biomarker discovery in asthma. Methods GC-MS-based metabolomic analysis was conducted for comparison of urine metabolic profiles between asthmatic children (n=30) and healthy controls (n=30). Results An orthogonal projections to latent structures discriminant-analysis model revealed a clear separation of the asthma and control groups (R 2 x =0.137, R 2 y =0.947, Q 2=0.82). A total of 20 differential metabolites were identified as discriminant factors, of which eleven were significantly increased and nine decreased in the asthma group compared to the control group. Pathway-enrichment analysis based on these differential metabolites indicated that sphingolipid metabolism, protein biosynthesis, and citric acid cycle were strongly associated with asthma. Among the identified metabolites, 2-hydroxybutanoic acid showed excellent discriminatory performance for distinguishing asthma from healthy controls, with an AUC of 0.969. Conclusion Our study revealed significant changes in the urine metabolome of asthma patients. Several perturbed pathways (eg, sphingolipid metabolism and citric acid cycle) may be related to asthma pathogenesis, and 2-hydroxybutanoic acid could serve as a potential biomarker for asthma diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuxian Li
- Department of Pulmonology, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310052, China
| | - Jinling Liu
- Department of Pulmonology, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310052, China
| | - Junfen Zhou
- Department of Pulmonology, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310052, China.,Department of Pediatrics, Wenling Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Wenling, Zhejiang 317500, China
| | - Yingshuo Wang
- Department of Pulmonology, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310052, China
| | - Fang Jin
- Department of Pulmonology, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310052, China
| | - Xiaoyang Chen
- Developmental and Behavioral Department, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310052, China
| | - Jun Yang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310013, China.,Department of Toxicology, Hangzhou Normal University School of Public Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, China
| | - Zhimin Chen
- Department of Pulmonology, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310052, China
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