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Albrecht FB, Ahlfeld T, Klatt A, Heine S, Gelinsky M, Kluger PJ. Biofabrication's Contribution to the Evolution of Cultured Meat. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2304058. [PMID: 38339837 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202304058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Cultured Meat (CM) is a growing field in cellular agriculture, driven by the environmental impact of conventional meat production, which contributes to climate change and occupies ≈70% of arable land. As demand for meat alternatives rises, research in this area expands. CM production relies on tissue engineering techniques, where a limited number of animal cells are cultured in vitro and processed to create meat-like tissue comprising muscle and adipose components. Currently, CM is primarily produced on a small scale in pilot facilities. Producing a large cell mass based on suitable cell sources and bioreactors remains challenging. Advanced manufacturing methods and innovative materials are required to subsequently process this cell mass into CM products on a large scale. Consequently, CM is closely linked with biofabrication, a suite of technologies for precisely arranging cellular aggregates and cell-material composites to construct specific structures, often using robotics. This review provides insights into contemporary biomedical biofabrication technologies, focusing on significant advancements in muscle and adipose tissue biofabrication for CM production. Novel materials for biofabricating CM are also discussed, emphasizing their edibility and incorporation of healthful components. Finally, initial studies on biofabricated CM are examined, addressing current limitations and future challenges for large-scale production.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tilman Ahlfeld
- Technische Universität Dresden, Centre for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Annemarie Klatt
- Reutlingen University, Reutlingen Research Institute, 72762, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Simon Heine
- Reutlingen University, Reutlingen Research Institute, 72762, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Michael Gelinsky
- Technische Universität Dresden, Centre for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, 01307, Dresden, Germany
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2
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Hamel KM, Frazier TP, Williams C, Duplessis T, Rowan BG, Gimble JM, Sanchez CG. Adipose Tissue in Breast Cancer Microphysiological Models to Capture Human Diversity in Preclinical Models. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2728. [PMID: 38473978 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Female breast cancer accounts for 15.2% of all new cancer cases in the United States, with a continuing increase in incidence despite efforts to discover new targeted therapies. With an approximate failure rate of 85% for therapies in the early phases of clinical trials, there is a need for more translatable, new preclinical in vitro models that include cellular heterogeneity, extracellular matrix, and human-derived biomaterials. Specifically, adipose tissue and its resident cell populations have been identified as necessary attributes for current preclinical models. Adipose-derived stromal/stem cells (ASCs) and mature adipocytes are a normal part of the breast tissue composition and not only contribute to normal breast physiology but also play a significant role in breast cancer pathophysiology. Given the recognized pro-tumorigenic role of adipocytes in tumor progression, there remains a need to enhance the complexity of current models and account for the contribution of the components that exist within the adipose stromal environment to breast tumorigenesis. This review article captures the current landscape of preclinical breast cancer models with a focus on breast cancer microphysiological system (MPS) models and their counterpart patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models to capture patient diversity as they relate to adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Christopher Williams
- Division of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA 70125, USA
| | | | - Brian G Rowan
- Department of Structural and Cellular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
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3
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Sui BD, Zheng CX, Zhao WM, Xuan K, Li B, Jin Y. Mesenchymal condensation in tooth development and regeneration: a focus on translational aspects of organogenesis. Physiol Rev 2023; 103:1899-1964. [PMID: 36656056 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00019.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The teeth are vertebrate-specific, highly specialized organs performing fundamental functions of mastication and speech, the maintenance of which is crucial for orofacial homeostasis and is further linked to systemic health and human psychosocial well-being. However, with limited ability for self-repair, the teeth can often be impaired by traumatic, inflammatory, and progressive insults, leading to high prevalence of tooth loss and defects worldwide. Regenerative medicine holds the promise to achieve physiological restoration of lost or damaged organs, and in particular an evolving framework of developmental engineering has pioneered functional tooth regeneration by harnessing the odontogenic program. As a key event of tooth morphogenesis, mesenchymal condensation dictates dental tissue formation and patterning through cellular self-organization and signaling interaction with the epithelium, which provides a representative to decipher organogenetic mechanisms and can be leveraged for regenerative purposes. In this review, we summarize how mesenchymal condensation spatiotemporally assembles from dental stem cells (DSCs) and sequentially mediates tooth development. We highlight condensation-mimetic engineering efforts and mechanisms based on ex vivo aggregation of DSCs, which have achieved functionally robust and physiologically relevant tooth regeneration after implantation in animals and in humans. The discussion of this aspect will add to the knowledge of development-inspired tissue engineering strategies and will offer benefits to propel clinical organ regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing-Dong Sui
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chen-Xi Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wan-Min Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Kun Xuan
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Bei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yan Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Xi'an Institute of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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4
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Yen BL, Hsieh CC, Hsu PJ, Chang CC, Wang LT, Yen ML. Three-Dimensional Spheroid Culture of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Offering Therapeutic Advantages and In Vitro Glimpses of the In Vivo State. Stem Cells Transl Med 2023; 12:235-244. [PMID: 37184894 PMCID: PMC10184701 DOI: 10.1093/stcltm/szad011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
As invaluable as the standard 2-dimensional (2D) monolayer in vitro cell culture system has been, there is increasing evidence that 3-dimensional (3D) non-adherent conditions are more relevant to the in vivo condition. While one of the criteria for human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has been in vitro plastic adherence, such 2D culture conditions are not representative of in vivo cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) interactions, which may be especially important for this progenitor/stem cell of skeletal and connective tissues. The 3D spheroid, a multicellular aggregate formed under non-adherent 3D in vitro conditions, may be particularly suited as an in vitro method to better understand MSC physiological processes, since expression of ECM and other adhesion proteins are upregulated in such a cell culture system. First used in embryonic stem cell in vitro culture to recapitulate in vivo developmental processes, 3D spheroid culture has grown in popularity as an in vitro method to mimic the 3-dimensionality of the native niche for MSCs within tissues/organs. In this review, we discuss the relevance of the 3D spheroid culture for understanding MSC biology, summarize the biological outcomes reported in the literature based on such this culture condition, as well as contemplate limitations and future considerations in this rapidly evolving and exciting area.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Linju Yen
- Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes (NHRI), Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Chan Hsieh
- Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes (NHRI), Zhunan, Taiwan
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Ju Hsu
- Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes (NHRI), Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chi Chang
- Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes (NHRI), Zhunan, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center (NDMC), Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Tzu Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Taiwan University (NTU) Hospital & College of Medicine, NTU, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Men-Luh Yen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Taiwan University (NTU) Hospital & College of Medicine, NTU, Taipei, Taiwan
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5
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Di Stefano AB, Urrata V, Trapani M, Moschella F, Cordova A, Toia F. Systematic review on spheroids from adipose‐derived stem cells: Spontaneous or artefact state? J Cell Physiol 2022; 237:4397-4411. [PMID: 36209478 PMCID: PMC10091738 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) cell cultures represent the spontaneous state of stem cells with specific gene and protein molecular expression that are more alike the in vivo condition. In vitro two-dimensional (2D) cell adhesion cultures are still commonly employed for various cellular studies such as movement, proliferation and differentiation phenomena; this procedure is standardized and amply used in laboratories, however their representing the original tissue has recently been subject to questioning. Cell cultures in 2D require a support/substrate (flasks, multiwells, etc.) and use of fetal bovine serum as an adjuvant that stimulates adhesion that most likely leads to cellular aging. A 3D environment stimulates cells to grow in suspended aggregates that are defined as "spheroids." In particular, adipose stem cells (ASCs) are traditionally observed in adhesion conditions, but a recent and vast literature offers many strategies that obtain 3D cell spheroids. These cells seem to possess a greater ability in maintaining their stemness and differentiate towards all mesenchymal lineages, as demonstrated in in vitro and in vivo studies compared to adhesion cultures. To date, standardized procedures that form ASC spheroids have not yet been established. This systematic review carries out an in-depth analysis of the 76 articles produced over the past 10 years and discusses the similarities and differences in materials, techniques, and purposes to standardize the methods aimed at obtaining ASC spheroids as already described for 2D cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Barbara Di Stefano
- BIOPLAST‐Laboratory of BIOlogy and Regenerative Medicine‐PLASTic Surgery, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Unit, Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences University of Palermo Palermo Italy
| | - Valentina Urrata
- BIOPLAST‐Laboratory of BIOlogy and Regenerative Medicine‐PLASTic Surgery, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Unit, Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences University of Palermo Palermo Italy
| | - Marco Trapani
- BIOPLAST‐Laboratory of BIOlogy and Regenerative Medicine‐PLASTic Surgery, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Unit, Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences University of Palermo Palermo Italy
| | - Francesco Moschella
- BIOPLAST‐Laboratory of BIOlogy and Regenerative Medicine‐PLASTic Surgery, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Unit, Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences University of Palermo Palermo Italy
| | - Adriana Cordova
- BIOPLAST‐Laboratory of BIOlogy and Regenerative Medicine‐PLASTic Surgery, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Unit, Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences University of Palermo Palermo Italy
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, Unit of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery University of Palermo Palermo Italy
- Department of D.A.I. Chirurgico, Plastic and Reconstructive Unit Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Policlinico “Paolo Giaccone” Palermo Italy
| | - Francesca Toia
- BIOPLAST‐Laboratory of BIOlogy and Regenerative Medicine‐PLASTic Surgery, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Unit, Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences University of Palermo Palermo Italy
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, Unit of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery University of Palermo Palermo Italy
- Department of D.A.I. Chirurgico, Plastic and Reconstructive Unit Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Policlinico “Paolo Giaccone” Palermo Italy
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6
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Tay JQ, Tay JS. Re: Correlation between tissue-harvesting method and donor-site with the yield of spheroids from adipose-derived stem cells. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2022; 75:3877-3903. [PMID: 36057504 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjps.2022.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Qin Tay
- Plastic, Burns and Reconstructive Surgery Department, Salisbury District Hospital, Thames Valley/Wessex Deanery, United Kingdom.
| | - Jing Shin Tay
- Internal Medicine Department, Sultan Ismail Hospital, Johor Bahru, Malaysia
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7
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Islam S, Parker J, Dash BC, Hsia HC. Human iPSC-Vascular smooth muscle cell spheroids demonstrate size-dependent alterations in cellular viability and secretory function. J Biomed Mater Res A 2022; 110:1813-1823. [PMID: 35815599 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC) and their differentiated vascular cells have been revolutionizing the field of regenerative wound healing. These cells are shown to be rejuvenated with immense potentials in secreting paracrine factors. Recently, hiPSC-derived vascular smooth muscle cells (hiPSC-VSMC) have shown regenerative wound healing ability via their paracrine secretion. The quest to modulate the secretory function of these hiPSC-VSMC is an ongoing effort and involves the use of both biochemical and biophysical stimuli. This study explores the development and optimization of a reproducible, inexpensive protocol to form hiPSC-VSMC derived spheroids to investigate the implications of spheroid size on viability and paracrine secretion. Our data show the successful formation of different sizes of spheroids using various amount of hiPSC-VSMC. The hiPSC-VSMC spheroids formed with 10,000 cells strike an ideal balance between overall cell health and maximal paracrine secretion. The conditioned medium from these spheroids was found to be bioactive in enhancing human dermal fibroblast cell proliferation and migration. This research will inform future studies on the optimal spheroid size for regenerative wound healing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Islam
- Section of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Jackson Parker
- Section of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Biraja C Dash
- Section of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Henry C Hsia
- Section of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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8
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Human Dental Pulp Cells form Spheroids in the Presence of Serum When Seeded on a Low-Attachment Cultural Surface. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10051021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Spheroid formation is a characteristic feature of stem/progenitor cells. Under a serum-free cultural condition, human dental pulp cells can form spheroids. In the present study, we report that these cells can also form spheroids in the presence of serum when seeded on a low-attachment cultural surface. Dental pulp cells derived from three teeth were seeded with surface densities 103–105/cm2 in wells of low attachment and standard cultural plates. Fibroblasts were also seeded onto a low-attachment surface as a comparison. The growth of single spheroids of pulp cells was observed for 7 days. Pulp cells in spheroids and cells attached to the low-attachment surface were separated and further expanded on standard cultural surface in the monolayer and studied for their viability and osteogenic differentiation comparatively. In all three cultures of primary human dental pulp cells on low attachment surface, spheroids formed one day after seeding and grew in size over the 7 days of observation. The optimal seeding density for spheroids was around 104 cells/cm2 (105 cells/mL). Expanded pulp cells from the spheroids exhibited lower viability but higher osteogenic differentiation potential compared to pulp cells expanded from those attached to the surface of the low attachment plate. Human dental pulp cells have the specific capacity to forms spheroids when seeded on a low-attachment surface and may enable selection of a subpopulation with stronger differentiation potential and may also provide a strategy for culturing these cells in a three-dimensional organization without scaffolds.
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9
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Kassotis CD, Vom Saal FS, Babin PJ, Lagadic-Gossmann D, Le Mentec H, Blumberg B, Mohajer N, Legrand A, Munic Kos V, Martin-Chouly C, Podechard N, Langouët S, Touma C, Barouki R, Ji Kim M, Audouze K, Choudhury M, Shree N, Bansal A, Howard S, Heindel JJ. Obesity III: Obesogen assays: Limitations, strengths, and new directions. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 199:115014. [PMID: 35393121 PMCID: PMC9050906 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
There is increasing evidence of a role for environmental contaminants in disrupting metabolic health in both humans and animals. Despite a growing need for well-understood models for evaluating adipogenic and potential obesogenic contaminants, there has been a reliance on decades-old in vitro models that have not been appropriately managed by cell line providers. There has been a quick rise in available in vitro models in the last ten years, including commercial availability of human mesenchymal stem cell and preadipocyte models; these models require more comprehensive validation but demonstrate real promise in improved translation to human metabolic health. There is also progress in developing three-dimensional and co-culture techniques that allow for the interrogation of a more physiologically relevant state. While diverse rodent models exist for evaluating putative obesogenic and/or adipogenic chemicals in a physiologically relevant context, increasing capabilities have been identified for alternative model organisms such as Drosophila, C. elegans, zebrafish, and medaka in metabolic health testing. These models have several appreciable advantages, including most notably their size, rapid development, large brood sizes, and ease of high-resolution lipid accumulation imaging throughout the organisms. They are anticipated to expand the capabilities of metabolic health research, particularly when coupled with emerging obesogen evaluation techniques as described herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher D Kassotis
- Institute of Environmental Health Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, United States.
| | - Frederick S Vom Saal
- Division of Biological Sciences, The University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, United States
| | - Patrick J Babin
- Department of Life and Health Sciences, University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Pessac, France
| | - Dominique Lagadic-Gossmann
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Research Institute for Environmental and Occupational Health) - UMR_S 1085, 35 000 Rennes, France
| | - Helene Le Mentec
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Research Institute for Environmental and Occupational Health) - UMR_S 1085, 35 000 Rennes, France
| | - Bruce Blumberg
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, The University of California, Irvine, Irvine CA 92697, United States
| | - Nicole Mohajer
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, The University of California, Irvine, Irvine CA 92697, United States
| | - Antoine Legrand
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Research Institute for Environmental and Occupational Health) - UMR_S 1085, 35 000 Rennes, France
| | - Vesna Munic Kos
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institute, Solna, Sweden
| | - Corinne Martin-Chouly
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Research Institute for Environmental and Occupational Health) - UMR_S 1085, 35 000 Rennes, France
| | - Normand Podechard
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Research Institute for Environmental and Occupational Health) - UMR_S 1085, 35 000 Rennes, France
| | - Sophie Langouët
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Research Institute for Environmental and Occupational Health) - UMR_S 1085, 35 000 Rennes, France
| | - Charbel Touma
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Research Institute for Environmental and Occupational Health) - UMR_S 1085, 35 000 Rennes, France
| | - Robert Barouki
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Paris, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Min Ji Kim
- University of Sorbonne Paris Nord, Bobigny, INSERM U1124 (T3S), Paris, France
| | | | - Mahua Choudhury
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Texas A & M University, College Station, TX 77843, United States
| | - Nitya Shree
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Texas A & M University, College Station, TX 77843, United States
| | - Amita Bansal
- College of Health & Medicine, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2611, Australia
| | - Sarah Howard
- Healthy Environment and Endocrine Disruptor Strategies, Commonweal, Bolinas, CA 92924, United States
| | - Jerrold J Heindel
- Healthy Environment and Endocrine Disruptor Strategies, Commonweal, Bolinas, CA 92924, United States
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10
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El Harane S, Durual S, Braschler T, André-Lévigne D, Brembilla N, Krause KH, Modarressi A, Preynat-Seauve O. Adipose-derived stem cell spheroids are superior to single-cell suspensions to improve fat autograft long-term survival. J Cell Mol Med 2022; 26:1421-1433. [PMID: 35150064 PMCID: PMC8899177 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Autologous fat transplantation is a widely used procedure for surgical reconstruction of tissues. The resorption rate of this transplantation remains high and unpredictable, reinforcing the need of adjuvant treatments that increase the long‐term stability of grafts. Adipose‐derived stem cells (ASC) introduced as single cells in fat has been shown clinically to reduce the resorption of fat grafts. On the other hand, the formulation of ASC into cell spheroids results in the enhancement of their regenerative potential. In this study, we developed a novel method to produce highly homogeneous ASC spheroids and characterized their features and efficacy on fat transplantation. Spheroids conserved ASC markers and multipotency. A regenerative gene expression profile was maintained, and genes linked to autophagy were upregulated whereas proliferation was decreased. Their secreted proteome was enriched in comparison with single‐cell ASC suspension. Addition of spheroids to fat graft in an animal model of transplantation resulted in a better graft long‐term stability when compared to single ASC suspension. In conclusion, we provide a novel method to manufacture homogenous ASC spheroids. These ASC spheroids are superior to ASC in single‐cell suspension to improve the stability of fat transplants, reinforcing their potential in reconstructive surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanae El Harane
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Stéphane Durual
- Laboratory of Biomaterials, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Braschler
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Dominik André-Lévigne
- Division of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nicolo Brembilla
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Karl-Heinz Krause
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Laboratory of Therapy and Stem Cells, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ali Modarressi
- Division of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Preynat-Seauve
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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11
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Rojo Salvador C, Galicia Guerrero MDL, Sánchez Maldonado B, González-Gil A, Picazo González RA. Morphological and ultrastructural characterization of neurospheres spontaneously generated in the culture from sheep ovarian cortical cells. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2021; 305:2265-2280. [PMID: 34873872 DOI: 10.1002/ar.24850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Neurospheres (NS) derived from adult stem cells of non-neural tissues represent a promising source of neural stem cells (NSCs) and neural progenitor cells (NPCs) for autologous cell therapy. Knowing the fine structure of NS cells is essential for characterizing them during differentiation or oncogenic transformation. NS are generated by culturing ovarian cortical cells (OCCs) under specific conditions. To establish whether these OCCs exhibited a similar morphophenotype as those from the central nervous system (CNS) reported in the literature, sheep OCCs were cultured for 21 days to generate NS. Expression levels of pluripotency (Nanog, octamer-binding transcription factor 4 [Oct4], and SRY-box transcription factor 2 [Sox2]) and NSCs/NPCs (nestin, paired box 6 [Pax6], and p75 neurotrophin receptor [P75NTR]) transcripts were analyzed by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), the NSC/NPC antigens were immunolocalized, and structural and ultrastructural analyses were performed in OCC-NS on Days 10, 15, and 21 in culture. Spheroids expressed transcripts and antigens of pluripotency as well as NSCs/NPCs. Cells were arranged into an inner core, with frequent apoptotic and degenerative events, and a peripheral epithelial-like cover with abundant cytoplasmic organelles, apical microvilli, and filament bundles of cytoskeleton elements. Adherens junctions and apical tight and lateral loose interdigitations were found in peripheral cells that eventually lost apical-basal polarization, which might indicate their disengaging/aggregating from/to the NS. We can conclude that OCC-NS shares the most structural and ultrastructural characteristics with CNS-NS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Concepción Rojo Salvador
- Sección Departamental de Anatomía y Embriología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Belén Sánchez Maldonado
- Departamento de Medicina y Cirugía, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alfredo González-Gil
- Sección Departamental de Fisiología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosa Ana Picazo González
- Sección Departamental de Fisiología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Yanagi T, Kajiya H, Fujisaki S, Maeshiba M, Yanagi-S A, Yamamoto-M N, Kakura K, Kido H, Ohno J. Three-dimensional spheroids of dedifferentiated fat cells enhance bone regeneration. Regen Ther 2021; 18:472-479. [PMID: 34853808 PMCID: PMC8604680 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2021.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent, self-renewing cells that are extensively used in tissue engineering. Dedifferentiated fat (DFAT) cells are derived from adipose tissues and are similar to MSCs. Three-dimensional (3D) spheroid cultures comprising MSCs mimic the biological microenvironment more accurately than two-dimensional cultures; however, it remains unclear whether DFAT cells in 3D spheroids possess high osteogenerative ability. Furthermore, it is unclear whether DFAT cells from 3D spheroids transplanted into calvarial bone defects are as effective as those from two-dimensional (2D) monolayers in promoting bone regeneration. Methods We compared the in vitro osteogenic potential of rat DFAT cells cultured under osteogenic conditions in 3D spheroids with that in 2D monolayers. Furthermore, to elucidate the ability of 3D spheroid DFAT cells to promote bone healing, we examined the in vivo osteogenic potential of transplanting DFAT cells from 3D spheroids or 2D monolayers into a rat calvarial defect model. Results Osteoblast differentiation stimulated by bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) or osteogenesis-inducing medium upregulated osteogenesis-related molecules in 3D spheroid DFAT cells compared with 2D monolayer DFAT cells. BMP-2 activated phosphorylation in the canonical Smad 1/5 pathways in 3D spheroid DFAT cells but phosphorylated ERK1/2 and Smad2 in 2D monolayer DFAT cells. Regardless of osteogenic stimulation, the transplantation of 3D DFAT spheroid cells into rat calvarial defects promoted new bone formation at a greater extent than that of 2D DFAT cells. Conclusions Compared with 2D DFAT cells, 3D DFAT spheroid cells promote osteoblast differentiation and new bone formation via canonical Smad 1/5 signaling pathways. These results indicate that transplantation of DFAT cells from 3D spheroids, but not 2D monolayers, accelerates bone healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsukasa Yanagi
- Oral Medicine Research Center, Fukuoka Dental College, 2-15-1Tamura, Fukuoka, Japan.,Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Fukuoka Dental College, 2-15-1Tamura, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kajiya
- Oral Medicine Research Center, Fukuoka Dental College, 2-15-1Tamura, Fukuoka, Japan.,Department of Physiological Science and Molecular Biology, Fukuoka Dental College, 2-15-1Tamura, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Seiichi Fujisaki
- Oral Medicine Research Center, Fukuoka Dental College, 2-15-1Tamura, Fukuoka, Japan.,Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Fukuoka Dental College, 2-15-1Tamura, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Munehisa Maeshiba
- Oral Medicine Research Center, Fukuoka Dental College, 2-15-1Tamura, Fukuoka, Japan.,Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Fukuoka Dental College, 2-15-1Tamura, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Ayako Yanagi-S
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Fukuoka Dental College, 2-15-1Tamura, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Nana Yamamoto-M
- Department of Odontology, Fukuoka Dental College, 2-15-1Tamura, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kae Kakura
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Fukuoka Dental College, 2-15-1Tamura, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Kido
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Fukuoka Dental College, 2-15-1Tamura, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Jun Ohno
- Oral Medicine Research Center, Fukuoka Dental College, 2-15-1Tamura, Fukuoka, Japan
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13
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Understanding and improving cellular immunotherapies against cancer: From cell-manufacturing to tumor-immune models. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 179:114003. [PMID: 34653533 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.114003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) is shaped by dynamic metabolic and immune interactions between precancerous and cancerous tumor cells and stromal cells like epithelial cells, fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and hematopoietically-derived immune cells. The metabolic states of the TME, including the hypoxic and acidic niches, influence the immunosuppressive phenotypes of the stromal and immune cells, which confers resistance to both host-mediated tumor killing and therapeutics. Numerous in vitro TME platforms for studying immunotherapies, including cell therapies, are being developed. However, we do not yet understand which immune and stromal components are most critical and how much model complexity is needed to answer specific questions. In addition, scalable sourcing and quality-control of appropriate TME cells for reproducibly manufacturing these platforms remain challenging. In this regard, lessons from the manufacturing of immunomodulatory cell therapies could provide helpful guidance. Although immune cell therapies have shown unprecedented results in hematological cancers and hold promise in solid tumors, their manufacture poses significant scale, cost, and quality control challenges. This review first provides an overview of the in vivo TME, discussing the most influential cell populations in the tumor-immune landscape. Next, we summarize current approaches for cell therapies against cancers and the relevant manufacturing platforms. We then evaluate current immune-tumor models of the TME and immunotherapies, highlighting the complexity, architecture, function, and cell sources. Finally, we present the technical and fundamental knowledge gaps in both cell manufacturing systems and immune-TME models that must be addressed to elucidate the interactions between endogenous tumor immunity and exogenous engineered immunity.
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14
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Park IS, Kim DK, Kim JH, Bae JS, Kim EH, Yoo SH, Chung YJ, Lyu L, Mo JH. Increased Anti-Allergic Effects of Secretome of Low-Level Light Treated Tonsil-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Allergic Rhinitis Mouse Model. Am J Rhinol Allergy 2021; 36:261-268. [PMID: 34738483 DOI: 10.1177/19458924211053762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low-level light therapy (LLLT) is widely used for the photobiomodulation of cell behavior. Recent studies have shown that LLLT affects the proliferation and migration of various types of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). However, there is a lack of studies investigating the effect of LLT on enhancing the immunomodulatory properties of tonsil-derived MSCs (T-MSCs). OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the immunomodulatory effects of conditioned media from T-MSCs (T-MSCs-CM) treated with LLLT in allergic inflammation. METHODS We isolated T-MSCs from human palatine tonsils and evaluated the ingredients of T-MSCs-CM. The effect of T-MSCs-CM treated with LLLT was evaluated in a mouse model of allergic rhinitis (AR). We randomly divided the mice into four groups (negative control, positive control, T-MSCs-CM alone, and T-MSCs-CM treated with LLLT). To elucidate the therapeutic effect, we assessed rhinitis symptoms, serum immunoglobulin (Ig), the number of inflammatory cells, and cytokine expression. RESULTS We identified increased expression of immunomodulatory factors, such as HGF, TGF-β, and PGE, in T-MSCs-CM treated with LLLT, compared to T-MSCs-CM without LLLT. Our animal study demonstrated reduced allergic symptoms and lower expression of total IgE and OVA-specific IgE in the LLLT-treated T-MSCs-CM group compared to the AR group and T-MSCs-CM alone. Moreover, we found that T-MSCs-CM treated with LLLT showed significantly decreased infiltration of eosinophils, neutrophils, and IL-17 cells in the nasal mucosa and reduced IL-4, IL-17, and IFN-γ expression in OVA-incubated splenocytes compared to the AR group. CONCLUSIONS The present study suggests that T-MSCs-CM treated with LLLT may provide an improved therapeutic effect against nasal allergic inflammation than T-MSCs-CM alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- In-Su Park
- 34919Ajou University Medical Center, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Kyu Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, 96664Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea.,Institute of New Frontier Research, 96664Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hye Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, 464237Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Republic of Korea.,Beckman Laser Institute Korea, 464237Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Sang Bae
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, 464237Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Republic of Korea.,Beckman Laser Institute Korea, 464237Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Hee Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, 464237Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Republic of Korea.,Beckman Laser Institute Korea, 464237Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Shin Hyuk Yoo
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, 464237Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Republic of Korea.,Beckman Laser Institute Korea, 464237Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Jun Chung
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, 464237Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Republic of Korea.,Beckman Laser Institute Korea, 464237Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Lele Lyu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, 464237Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Republic of Korea.,Beckman Laser Institute Korea, 464237Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hun Mo
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, 464237Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Republic of Korea.,Beckman Laser Institute Korea, 464237Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
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15
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Xie C, Ye J, Liang R, Yao X, Wu X, Koh Y, Wei W, Zhang X, Ouyang H. Advanced Strategies of Biomimetic Tissue-Engineered Grafts for Bone Regeneration. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2100408. [PMID: 33949147 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202100408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The failure to repair critical-sized bone defects often leads to incomplete regeneration or fracture non-union. Tissue-engineered grafts have been recognized as an alternative strategy for bone regeneration due to their potential to repair defects. To design a successful tissue-engineered graft requires the understanding of physicochemical optimization to mimic the composition and structure of native bone, as well as the biological strategies of mimicking the key biological elements during bone regeneration process. This review provides an overview of engineered graft-based strategies focusing on physicochemical properties of materials and graft structure optimization from macroscale to nanoscale to further boost bone regeneration, and it summarizes biological strategies which mainly focus on growth factors following bone regeneration pattern and stem cell-based strategies for more efficient repair. Finally, it discusses the current limitations of existing strategies upon bone repair and highlights a promising strategy for rapid bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Xie
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine and Department of Orthopedic Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou 310058 China
- Zhejiang University‐University of Edinburgh Institute Zhejiang University School of Medicine and Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou 314499 China
- Department of Sports Medicine Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou 310058 China
| | - Jinchun Ye
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine and Department of Orthopedic Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou 310058 China
- Zhejiang University‐University of Edinburgh Institute Zhejiang University School of Medicine and Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou 314499 China
| | - Renjie Liang
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine and Department of Orthopedic Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou 310058 China
- Zhejiang University‐University of Edinburgh Institute Zhejiang University School of Medicine and Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou 314499 China
| | - Xudong Yao
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine Yiwu 322000 China
| | - Xinyu Wu
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine and Department of Orthopedic Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou 310058 China
- Zhejiang University‐University of Edinburgh Institute Zhejiang University School of Medicine and Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou 314499 China
| | - Yiwen Koh
- Zhejiang University‐University of Edinburgh Institute Zhejiang University School of Medicine and Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou 314499 China
| | - Wei Wei
- Zhejiang University‐University of Edinburgh Institute Zhejiang University School of Medicine and Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou 314499 China
- China Orthopedic Regenerative Medicine Group (CORMed) Hangzhou 310058 China
| | - Xianzhu Zhang
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine and Department of Orthopedic Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou 310058 China
- Zhejiang University‐University of Edinburgh Institute Zhejiang University School of Medicine and Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou 314499 China
| | - Hongwei Ouyang
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine and Department of Orthopedic Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou 310058 China
- Zhejiang University‐University of Edinburgh Institute Zhejiang University School of Medicine and Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou 314499 China
- Department of Sports Medicine Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou 310058 China
- China Orthopedic Regenerative Medicine Group (CORMed) Hangzhou 310058 China
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16
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Fracture Healing Research-Shift towards In Vitro Modeling? Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9070748. [PMID: 34203470 PMCID: PMC8301383 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9070748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Fractures are one of the most frequently occurring traumatic events worldwide. Approximately 10% of fractures lead to bone healing disorders, resulting in strain for affected patients and enormous costs for society. In order to shed light into underlying mechanisms of bone regeneration (habitual or disturbed), and to develop new therapeutic strategies, various in vivo, ex vivo and in vitro models can be applied. Undeniably, in vivo models include the systemic and biological situation. However, transferability towards the human patient along with ethical concerns regarding in vivo models have to be considered. Fostered by enormous technical improvements, such as bioreactors, on-a-chip-technologies and bone tissue engineering, sophisticated in vitro models are of rising interest. These models offer the possibility to use human cells from individual donors, complex cell systems and 3D models, therefore bridging the transferability gap, providing a platform for the introduction of personalized precision medicine and finally sparing animals. Facing diverse processes during fracture healing and thus various scientific opportunities, the reliability of results oftentimes depends on the choice of an appropriate model. Hence, we here focus on categorizing available models with respect to the requirements of the scientific approach.
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17
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Nulty J, Burdis R, Kelly DJ. Biofabrication of Prevascularised Hypertrophic Cartilage Microtissues for Bone Tissue Engineering. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:661989. [PMID: 34169064 PMCID: PMC8218548 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.661989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone tissue engineering (TE) has the potential to transform the treatment of challenging musculoskeletal pathologies. To date, clinical translation of many traditional TE strategies has been impaired by poor vascularisation of the implant. Addressing such challenges has motivated research into developmentally inspired TE strategies, whereby implants mimicking earlier stages of a tissue's development are engineered in vitro and then implanted in vivo to fully mature into the adult tissue. The goal of this study was to engineer in vitro tissues mimicking the immediate developmental precursor to long bones, specifically a vascularised hypertrophic cartilage template, and to then assess the capacity of such a construct to support endochondral bone formation in vivo. To this end, we first developed a method for the generation of large numbers of hypertrophic cartilage microtissues using a microwell system, and encapsulated these microtissues into a fibrin-based hydrogel capable of supporting vasculogenesis by human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). The microwells supported the formation of bone marrow derived stem/stromal cell (BMSC) aggregates and their differentiation toward a hypertrophic cartilage phenotype over 5 weeks of cultivation, as evident by the development of a matrix rich in sulphated glycosaminoglycan (sGAG), collagen types I, II, and X, and calcium. Prevascularisation of these microtissues, undertaken in vitro 1 week prior to implantation, enhanced their capacity to mineralise, with significantly higher levels of mineralised tissue observed within such implants after 4 weeks in vivo within an ectopic murine model for bone formation. It is also possible to integrate such microtissues into 3D bioprinting systems, thereby enabling the bioprinting of scaled-up, patient-specific prevascularised implants. Taken together, these results demonstrate the development of an effective strategy for prevascularising a tissue engineered construct comprised of multiple individual microtissue "building blocks," which could potentially be used in the treatment of challenging bone defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Nulty
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Mechanical, Manufacturing and Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ross Burdis
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Mechanical, Manufacturing and Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Daniel J. Kelly
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Mechanical, Manufacturing and Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBER), Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland and Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
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18
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Gibler P, Gimble J, Hamel K, Rogers E, Henderson M, Wu X, Olesky S, Frazier T. Human Adipose-Derived Stromal/Stem Cell Culture and Analysis Methods for Adipose Tissue Modeling In Vitro: A Systematic Review. Cells 2021; 10:1378. [PMID: 34204869 PMCID: PMC8227575 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Human adipose-derived stromal/stem cells (hASC) are widely used for in vitro modeling of physiologically relevant human adipose tissue. These models are useful for the development of tissue constructs for soft tissue regeneration and 3-dimensional (3D) microphysiological systems (MPS) for drug discovery. In this systematic review, we report on the current state of hASC culture and assessment methods for adipose tissue engineering using 3D MPS. Our search efforts resulted in the identification of 184 independent records, of which 27 were determined to be most relevant to the goals of the present review. Our results demonstrate a lack of consensus on methods for hASC culture and assessment for the production of physiologically relevant in vitro models of human adipose tissue. Few studies have assessed the impact of different 3D culture conditions on hASC adipogenesis. Additionally, there has been a limited use of assays for characterizing the functionality of adipose tissue in vitro. Results from this study suggest the need for more standardized culture methods and further analysis on in vitro tissue functionality. These will be necessary to validate the utility of 3D MPS as an in vitro model to reduce, refine, and replace in vivo experiments in the drug discovery regulatory process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peyton Gibler
- Obatala Sciences Inc., New Orleans, LA 70148, USA; (P.G.); (K.H.); (E.R.); (M.H.); (X.W.); (S.O.); (T.F.)
| | - Jeffrey Gimble
- Obatala Sciences Inc., New Orleans, LA 70148, USA; (P.G.); (K.H.); (E.R.); (M.H.); (X.W.); (S.O.); (T.F.)
- Department of Structural and Cell Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
- Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
- Department of Surgery, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Katie Hamel
- Obatala Sciences Inc., New Orleans, LA 70148, USA; (P.G.); (K.H.); (E.R.); (M.H.); (X.W.); (S.O.); (T.F.)
| | - Emma Rogers
- Obatala Sciences Inc., New Orleans, LA 70148, USA; (P.G.); (K.H.); (E.R.); (M.H.); (X.W.); (S.O.); (T.F.)
| | - Michael Henderson
- Obatala Sciences Inc., New Orleans, LA 70148, USA; (P.G.); (K.H.); (E.R.); (M.H.); (X.W.); (S.O.); (T.F.)
| | - Xiying Wu
- Obatala Sciences Inc., New Orleans, LA 70148, USA; (P.G.); (K.H.); (E.R.); (M.H.); (X.W.); (S.O.); (T.F.)
| | - Spencer Olesky
- Obatala Sciences Inc., New Orleans, LA 70148, USA; (P.G.); (K.H.); (E.R.); (M.H.); (X.W.); (S.O.); (T.F.)
| | - Trivia Frazier
- Obatala Sciences Inc., New Orleans, LA 70148, USA; (P.G.); (K.H.); (E.R.); (M.H.); (X.W.); (S.O.); (T.F.)
- Department of Structural and Cell Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
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Park IS. Enhancement of Wound Healing by Conditioned Medium of Adipose-Derived Stromal Cell with Photobiomodulation in Skin Wound. Int J Stem Cells 2021; 14:212-220. [PMID: 33632992 PMCID: PMC8138655 DOI: 10.15283/ijsc20175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives The objective of this study was to investigate whether conditioned medium from photobiomodulation (PBM) irradiated adipose-derived stromal cell (ASC) spheroids prior to implanting could stimulate angiogenesis and tissue regeneration to improve functional recovery of skin tissue in an animal skin wound model. Methods and Results ASC were split and seeded on chitosan-coated 24 well plate at a density of 7.5×104 cells/cm2, and allowed to adhere at 37℃. Within 3 days of culture, ASC formed spheroids by PBM irradiation. Conditioned medium (CM) fractions were collected from the PBM-ASC to yield nor adipose-derived stromal cell spheroid (spheroid) and PBM-spheroid, respectively, centrifuged at 13,000 g at 4℃ for 10 min, and stored prior to use for ELISA, protein assay, or in vivo wound-healing assays. Phosphate-buffered saline, cultured CM from ASCs, PBM irradiation prior to implanting conditioned medium from ASC, cultured CM from ASC spheroid, and PBM–spheroid-CM (PSC) were transplanted into a wound bed in athymic mice to evaluate therapeutic effects of PSC in vivo. PSC enhanced wound closure in a skin injury model compared to PBS, CM, PBM–CM, and spheroid-CM. The density of vascular formations increased as a result of angiogenic factors released by the wound bed and enhanced tissue regeneration at the lesion site. Conclusions These results indicate that implant of PSC can significantly improve functional recovery compared to PBS, CM, PBM–CM, or spheroid-CM treatment. Implant of PSC may be an effective form of paracrine mediated therapy for treating a wound bed.
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Affiliation(s)
- In-Su Park
- Cell Therapy Center, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
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20
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Generation of immune cell containing adipose organoids for in vitro analysis of immune metabolism. Sci Rep 2020; 10:21104. [PMID: 33273595 PMCID: PMC7713299 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78015-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue is an organized endocrine organ with important metabolic and immunological functions and immune cell-adipocyte crosstalk is known to drive various disease pathologies. Suitable 3D adipose tissue organoid models often lack resident immune cell populations and therefore require the addition of immune cells isolated from other organs. We have created the first 3D adipose tissue organoid model which could contain and maintain resident immune cell populations of the stromal vascular fraction (SVF) and proved to be effective in studying adipose tissue biology in a convenient manner. Macrophage and mast cell populations were successfully confirmed within our organoid model and were maintained in culture without the addition of growth factors. We demonstrated the suitability of our model for monitoring the lipidome during adipocyte differentiation in vitro and confirmed that this model reflects the physiological lipidome better than standard 2D cultures. In addition, we applied mass spectrometry-based lipidomics to track lipidomic changes in the lipidome upon dietary and immunomodulatory interventions. We conclude that this model represents a valuable tool for immune-metabolic research.
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3D Spheroids Derived from Human Lipedema ASCs Demonstrated Similar Adipogenic Differentiation Potential and ECM Remodeling to Non-Lipedema ASCs In Vitro. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21218350. [PMID: 33171717 PMCID: PMC7664323 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The growth and differentiation of adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ASCs) is stimulated and regulated by the adipose tissue (AT) microenvironment. In lipedema, both inflammation and hypoxia influence the expansion and differentiation of ASCs, resulting in hypertrophic adipocytes and deposition of collagen, a primary component of the extracellular matrix (ECM). The goal of this study was to characterize the adipogenic differentiation potential and assess the levels of expression of ECM-remodeling markers in 3D spheroids derived from ASCs isolated from both lipedema and healthy individuals. The data showed an increase in the expression of the adipogenic genes (ADIPOQ, LPL, PPAR-γ and Glut4), a decrease in matrix metalloproteinases (MMP2, 9 and 11), with no significant changes in the expression of ECM markers (collagen and fibronectin), or integrin A5 in 3D differentiated lipedema spheroids as compared to healthy spheroids. In addition, no statistically significant changes in the levels of expression of inflammatory genes were detected in any of the samples. However, immunofluorescence staining showed a decrease in fibronectin and increase in laminin and Collagen VI expression in the 3D differentiated spheroids in both groups. The use of 3D ASC spheroids provide a functional model to study the cellular and molecular characteristics of lipedema AT.
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Ntege EH, Sunami H, Denda J, Futenma N, Shimizu Y. Effects of hydroxyapatite-coated nonwoven polyethylene/polypropylene fabric on non-mesodermal lineage-specific differentiation of human adipose-derived stem cells. BMC Res Notes 2020; 13:471. [PMID: 33028399 PMCID: PMC7542906 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-020-05315-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Compared to other stem cells, the multipotency of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs) is limited. Effective approaches that trigger or enhance lineage-specific transdifferentiation are highly envisaged in the improvement of ASCs-based cell therapies. Using Immunofluorescence assays and the secretion of cardiac troponin T (cTnT) protein, we studied the impact of two substrates: Hydroxyapatite (HAp)-coated nonwoven polyethylene (PET)/polypropylene (PP) fabric and glass surfaces, representing 3 dimensional (D) and 2 D environments respectively, on the induction of cardiomyocytes – a non-mesodermal cell type from ASCs for 1–5 weeks. Results ASCs were successfully isolated from human adipose tissue under cGMP conditions. Within 1–3 weeks, expression of cTnT in the induced 3D cultures was overall significantly higher (P < 0.021) than that in the induced 2D cultures or controls (P < 0.0009). Remarkably, after 3 weeks of culture, cTnT secretion in the induced 3D cultures gradually declined, nearly reaching levels observed in the 2D cultures. The results show that HAp-coated nonwoven PE/PP fabric could enhance lineage-specific differentiation of ASCs toward cardiac-like cells. However, the fabric might suppress growth of the transformed cells. These preliminary findings encourage further interest in validating the fabric’s potential in improving ASCs transdifferentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward Hosea Ntege
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, 207 Uehara, Nishihara, Nakagami, Okinawa, 903-0215, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Sunami
- Center for Advanced Medical Research, School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, 207 Uehara, Nishihara, Nakagami, Okinawa, 903-0215, Japan
| | - Junko Denda
- Center for Advanced Medical Research, School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, 207 Uehara, Nishihara, Nakagami, Okinawa, 903-0215, Japan
| | - Naoko Futenma
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, 207 Uehara, Nishihara, Nakagami, Okinawa, 903-0215, Japan
| | - Yusuke Shimizu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, 207 Uehara, Nishihara, Nakagami, Okinawa, 903-0215, Japan.
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23
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Fitzgerald SJ, Cobb JS, Janorkar AV. Comparison of the formation, adipogenic maturation, and retention of human adipose-derived stem cell spheroids in scaffold-free culture techniques. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2020; 108:3022-3032. [PMID: 32396702 PMCID: PMC8506838 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
While three-dimensional spheroids outperform traditional two-dimensional monolayer culture for human adipose-derived stem cells (hASCs), there is not a consensus on the most successful method for enhancing their adipogenic differentiation and minimizing the loss of physiologically relevant, fatty spheroids during culture. To this end, we compared three culture methods, namely, elastin-like polypeptide-polyethyleneimine (ELP-PEI) coated surfaces, ultra-low attachment static culture, and suspension culture for their ability to form and retain productive hASC spheroids. The ELP-PEI coatings used the ELP conjugated to two molecular weights of PEI (800 or 25,000 g/mol). FTIR spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, and contact angle goniometry revealed that the ELP-PEI coatings had similar chemical structures, surface topography, and hydrophobicity. Time-lapse microscopy showed that increasing the PEI molecular weight resulted in smaller spheroids. Measurement of triglyceride content showed that the three methods induced comparable differentiation of hASCs toward the adipogenic lineage. DNA content and morphometric analysis revealed merging of spheroids to form larger spheroids in the ultra-low attachment static culture and suspension culture methods. In contrast, the retention of hASC spheroid sizes and numbers with a regular spheroid size (~100 μm) were best atop the ELP-PEI800 coatings. Overall, this research shows that the spheroid culture atop the ELP-PEI coatings is a suitable cell culture model for future studies involving long-term, three-dimensional culture of mature adipocytes derived from hASCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J. Fitzgerald
- Biomedical Materials Science, School of Dentistry, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N State St, Jackson, MS 39216
| | - Jared S. Cobb
- Biomedical Materials Science, School of Dentistry, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N State St, Jackson, MS 39216
| | - Amol V. Janorkar
- Biomedical Materials Science, School of Dentistry, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N State St, Jackson, MS 39216
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24
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Doulgkeroglou MN, Di Nubila A, Niessing B, König N, Schmitt RH, Damen J, Szilvassy SJ, Chang W, Csontos L, Louis S, Kugelmeier P, Ronfard V, Bayon Y, Zeugolis DI. Automation, Monitoring, and Standardization of Cell Product Manufacturing. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:811. [PMID: 32766229 PMCID: PMC7381146 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Although regenerative medicine products are at the forefront of scientific research, technological innovation, and clinical translation, their reproducibility and large-scale production are compromised by automation, monitoring, and standardization issues. To overcome these limitations, new technologies at software (e.g., algorithms and artificial intelligence models, combined with imaging software and machine learning techniques) and hardware (e.g., automated liquid handling, automated cell expansion bioreactor systems, automated colony-forming unit counting and characterization units, and scalable cell culture plates) level are under intense investigation. Automation, monitoring and standardization should be considered at the early stages of the developmental cycle of cell products to deliver more robust and effective therapies and treatment plans to the bedside, reducing healthcare expenditure and improving services and patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meletios-Nikolaos Doulgkeroglou
- Regenerative, Modular & Developmental Engineering Laboratory, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland.,Science Foundation Ireland, Centre for Research in Medical Devices, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Alessia Di Nubila
- Regenerative, Modular & Developmental Engineering Laboratory, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland.,Science Foundation Ireland, Centre for Research in Medical Devices, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | | | - Niels König
- Fraunhofer Institute for Production Technology, Aachen, Germany
| | - Robert H Schmitt
- Production Engineering Cluster, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jackie Damen
- STEMCELL Technologies Inc., Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | - Wing Chang
- STEMCELL Technologies Ltd., Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Lynn Csontos
- STEMCELL Technologies Ltd., Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Sharon Louis
- STEMCELL Technologies Inc., Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | - Vincent Ronfard
- College System of Pharmacy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, United States.,Cutiss AG, Zurich, Switzerland.,HairClone, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Yves Bayon
- Medtronic - Sofradim Production, Trévoux, France
| | - Dimitrios I Zeugolis
- Regenerative, Modular & Developmental Engineering Laboratory, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland.,Science Foundation Ireland, Centre for Research in Medical Devices, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
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25
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Li H, Fan W, Zhu X. Three‐dimensional printing: The potential technology widely used in medical fields. J Biomed Mater Res A 2020; 108:2217-2229. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongjian Li
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory ZhanjiangMarine Medical Research Institute of Guangdong Zhanjiang (GDZJMMRI), Guangdong Medical University Zhanjiang China
| | - Wenguo Fan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Guanghua School of StomatologyHospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou China
| | - Xiao Zhu
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory ZhanjiangMarine Medical Research Institute of Guangdong Zhanjiang (GDZJMMRI), Guangdong Medical University Zhanjiang China
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26
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Benmeridja L, De Moor L, De Maere E, Vanlauwe F, Ryx M, Tytgat L, Vercruysse C, Dubruel P, Van Vlierberghe S, Blondeel P, Declercq H. High‐throughput fabrication of vascularized adipose microtissues for 3D bioprinting. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2020; 14:840-854. [DOI: 10.1002/term.3051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lara Benmeridja
- Tissue Engineering and Biomaterials Group, Department of Human Structure and Repair, Faculty of Medicine and Health SciencesGhent University Ghent Belgium
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Human Structure and Repair, Faculty of Medicine and Health SciencesGhent University Hospital Ghent Belgium
| | - Lise De Moor
- Tissue Engineering and Biomaterials Group, Department of Human Structure and Repair, Faculty of Medicine and Health SciencesGhent University Ghent Belgium
| | - Elisabeth De Maere
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Human Structure and Repair, Faculty of Medicine and Health SciencesGhent University Hospital Ghent Belgium
| | - Florian Vanlauwe
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Human Structure and Repair, Faculty of Medicine and Health SciencesGhent University Hospital Ghent Belgium
| | - Michelle Ryx
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Human Structure and Repair, Faculty of Medicine and Health SciencesGhent University Hospital Ghent Belgium
| | - Liesbeth Tytgat
- Polymer Chemistry & Biomaterials Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of SciencesGhent University Ghent Belgium
- Brussels Photonics (B‐PHOT), Department of Applied Physics and PhotonicsVrije Universiteit Brussel and Flanders Make Brussels Belgium
| | - Chris Vercruysse
- Tissue Engineering and Biomaterials Group, Department of Human Structure and Repair, Faculty of Medicine and Health SciencesGhent University Ghent Belgium
| | - Peter Dubruel
- Polymer Chemistry & Biomaterials Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of SciencesGhent University Ghent Belgium
| | - Sandra Van Vlierberghe
- Polymer Chemistry & Biomaterials Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of SciencesGhent University Ghent Belgium
- Brussels Photonics (B‐PHOT), Department of Applied Physics and PhotonicsVrije Universiteit Brussel and Flanders Make Brussels Belgium
| | - Phillip Blondeel
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Human Structure and Repair, Faculty of Medicine and Health SciencesGhent University Hospital Ghent Belgium
| | - Heidi Declercq
- Tissue Engineering and Biomaterials Group, Department of Human Structure and Repair, Faculty of Medicine and Health SciencesGhent University Ghent Belgium
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27
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Ceccarelli S, Pontecorvi P, Anastasiadou E, Napoli C, Marchese C. Immunomodulatory Effect of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells: The Cutting Edge of Clinical Application. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:236. [PMID: 32363193 PMCID: PMC7180192 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) represent a promising tool for soft tissue engineering as well as for clinical treatment of inflammatory and autoimmune pathologies. The well-characterized multi-differentiation potential and self-renewal properties of ASCs are coupled with their immunomodulatory ability in providing therapeutic efficacy. Yet, their impact in immune or inflammatory disorders might rely both on cell contact-dependent mechanisms and paracrine effects, resulting in the release of various soluble factors that regulate immune cells functions. Despite the widespread use of ASCs in clinical trials addressing several pathologies, the pathophysiological mechanisms at the basis of their clinical use have been not yet fully investigated. In particular, a thorough analysis of ASC immunomodulatory potential is mandatory. Here we explore such molecular mechanisms involved in ASC immunomodulatory properties, emphasizing the relevance of the milieu composition. We review the potential clinical use of ASC secretome as a mediator for immunomodulation, with a focus on in vitro and in vivo environmental conditions affecting clinical outcome. We describe some potential strategies for optimization of ASCs immunomodulatory capacity in clinical settings, which act either on adult stem cells gene expression and local microenvironment. Finally, we discuss the limitations of both allogeneic and autologous ASC use, highlighting the issues to be fixed in order to significantly improve the efficacy of ASC-based cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Ceccarelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Pontecorvi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Eleni Anastasiadou
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudio Napoli
- Clinical Department of Internal Medicine and Specialistics, Department of Advanced Clinical and Surgical Sciences, Università della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy.,IRCCS SDN, Naples, Italy
| | - Cinzia Marchese
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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28
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Hoefner C, Muhr C, Horder H, Wiesner M, Wittmann K, Lukaszyk D, Radeloff K, Winnefeld M, Becker M, Blunk T, Bauer-Kreisel P. Human Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal/Stem Cell Spheroids Possess High Adipogenic Capacity and Acquire an Adipose Tissue-like Extracellular Matrix Pattern. Tissue Eng Part A 2020; 26:915-926. [PMID: 32070231 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2019.0206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (ASCs) represent a commonly used cell source for adipose tissue engineering. In this context, ASCs have routinely been cultured in conventional 2D culture and applied as single cell suspension for seeding onto scaffold materials or direct injection. However, this approach is associated with the loss of their intrinsic 3D microenvironment and leads to impaired regenerative capacity of the cells. Thus, the application of ASCs as self-assembled 3D spheroids with cells residing in their own matrix is an attractive alternative. However, characterization of the structural features and differentiation capacity of the spheroids is necessary to effectively apply them as building blocks in adipose tissue engineering. In this study, we focus on extracellular matrix (ECM) development in ASC spheroids, as well as adipogenic differentiation in comparison to conventional 2D culture using different induction protocols. Reproducible assembly of ASCs into spheroids was achieved within 24 h using the liquid overlay technique. Undifferentiated spheroids displayed a stromal ECM pattern, with fibronectin, collagen V, and VI as the main components. In the course of adipogenesis, a dynamic shift in the ECM composition toward an adipogenic phenotype was observed, associated with enhanced expression of laminin, collagen I, IV, V, and VI, similar to native fat. Furthermore, adipogenic differentiation was enhanced in spheroids as compared with 2D cultured cells, with the spheroids needing a distinctly shorter adipogenic stimulus to sustain adipogenesis, which was demonstrated based on analysis of triglyceride content and adipogenic marker gene expression. In summary, culturing ASCs as spheroids can enhance their adipogenic capacity and generate adipose-like microtissues, which may be a promising cell delivery strategy for adipose tissue engineering approaches. Impact statement Adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (ASCs) as a widely used cell source for adipose tissue engineering have been shown to be limited in their regenerative capacity when applied as single cells. As an alternative approach, the delivery as spheroids, consisting of cells in a 3D context, may be favorable. However, insights into extracellular matrix (ECM) development and efficient adipogenic differentiation are required for their effective application. In this study, we show that differentiated ASC spheroids develop an ECM, resembling native adipose tissue. Furthermore, the ASC spheroids exhibited a superior differentiation capacity as compared with conventional 2D culture, and required only a short adipogenic induction stimulus. Our results identify ASC-derived spheroids as an attractive cell delivery method for adipose tissue engineering approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiane Hoefner
- Department of Trauma, Hand, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christian Muhr
- Department of Trauma, Hand, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Hannes Horder
- Department of Trauma, Hand, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Miriam Wiesner
- Department of Trauma, Hand, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Wittmann
- Department of Trauma, Hand, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Lukaszyk
- Department of Trauma, Hand, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Katrin Radeloff
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | | | - Matthias Becker
- Institute for Medical Radiation and Cell Research, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Torsten Blunk
- Department of Trauma, Hand, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Petra Bauer-Kreisel
- Department of Trauma, Hand, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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29
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Colle J, Blondeel P, De Bruyne A, Bochar S, Tytgat L, Vercruysse C, Van Vlierberghe S, Dubruel P, Declercq H. Bioprinting predifferentiated adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell spheroids with methacrylated gelatin ink for adipose tissue engineering. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2020; 31:36. [PMID: 32206922 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-020-06374-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The increasing number of mastectomies results in a greater demand for breast reconstruction characterized by simplicity and a low complication profile. Reconstructive surgeons are investigating tissue engineering (TE) strategies to overcome the current surgical drawbacks. 3D bioprinting is the rising technique for the fabrication of large tissue constructs which provides a potential solution for unmet clinical needs in breast reconstruction building on decades of experience in autologous fat grafting, adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell (ASC) biology and TE. A scaffold was bioprinted using encapsulated ASC spheroids in methacrylated gelatin ink (GelMA). Uniform ASC spheroids with an ideal geometry and diameter for bioprinting were formed, using a high-throughput non-adhesive agarose microwell system. ASC spheroids in adipogenic differentiation medium (ADM) were evaluated through live/dead staining, histology (HE, Oil Red O), TEM and RT-qPCR. Viable spheroids were obtained for up to 14 days post-printing and showed multilocular microvacuoles and successful differentiation toward mature adipocytes shown by gene expression analysis. Moreover, spheroids were able to assemble at random in GelMA, creating a macrotissue. Combining the advantage of microtissues to self-assemble and the controlled organization by bioprinting technologies, these ASC spheroids can be useful as building blocks for the engineering of soft tissue implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Colle
- Tissue Engineering Group, Bioprint Facility-Department of Human Structure and Repair-Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Gent University, Corneel Heymanslaan 10 (6B3), 9000, Gent, Belgium.
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University Hospital Gent, Gent, Belgium.
| | - Phillip Blondeel
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University Hospital Gent, Gent, Belgium
| | - Axelle De Bruyne
- Tissue Engineering Group, Bioprint Facility-Department of Human Structure and Repair-Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Gent University, Corneel Heymanslaan 10 (6B3), 9000, Gent, Belgium
| | - Silke Bochar
- Tissue Engineering Group, Bioprint Facility-Department of Human Structure and Repair-Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Gent University, Corneel Heymanslaan 10 (6B3), 9000, Gent, Belgium
| | - Liesbeth Tytgat
- Polymer Chemistry and Biomaterials Group, Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Gent University, Krijgslaan 281, 9000, Gent, Belgium
| | - Chris Vercruysse
- Tissue Engineering Group, Bioprint Facility-Department of Human Structure and Repair-Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Gent University, Corneel Heymanslaan 10 (6B3), 9000, Gent, Belgium
| | - Sandra Van Vlierberghe
- Polymer Chemistry and Biomaterials Group, Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Gent University, Krijgslaan 281, 9000, Gent, Belgium
| | - Peter Dubruel
- Polymer Chemistry and Biomaterials Group, Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Gent University, Krijgslaan 281, 9000, Gent, Belgium
| | - Heidi Declercq
- Tissue Engineering Group, Bioprint Facility-Department of Human Structure and Repair-Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Gent University, Corneel Heymanslaan 10 (6B3), 9000, Gent, Belgium
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30
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Kronemberger GS, Dalmônico GML, Rossi AL, Leite PEC, Saraiva AM, Beatrici A, Silva KR, Granjeiro JM, Baptista LS. Scaffold- and serum-free hypertrophic cartilage tissue engineering as an alternative approach for bone repair. Artif Organs 2020; 44:E288-E299. [PMID: 31950507 DOI: 10.1111/aor.13637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Human adipose stem/stromal cell (ASC) spheroids were used as a serum-free in vitro model to recapitulate the molecular events and extracellular matrix organization that orchestrate a hypertrophic cartilage phenotype. Induced-ASC spheroids (ø = 450 µm) showed high cell viability throughout the period of culture. The expression of collagen type X alpha 1 chain (COLXA1) and matrix metallopeptidase 13 (MMP-13) was upregulated at week 2 in induced-ASC spheroids compared with week 5 (P < .001) evaluated by quantitative real-time PCR. In accordance, secreted levels of IL-6 (P < .0001), IL-8 (P < .0001), IL-10 (P < .0001), bFGF (P < .001), VEGF (P < .0001), and RANTES (P < .0001) were the highest at week 2. Strong in situ staining for collagen type X and low staining for TSP-1 was associated with the increase of hypertrophic genes expression at week 2 in induced-ASC spheroids. Collagen type I, osteocalcin, biglycan, and tenascin C were detected at week 5 by in situ staining, in accordance with the highest expression of alkaline phosphatase (ALPL) gene and the presence of calcium deposits as evaluated by Alizarin Red O staining. Induced-ASC spheroids showed a higher force required to compression at week 2 (P < .0001). The human ASC spheroids under serum-free inducer medium and normoxic culture conditions were induced to a hypertrophic cartilage phenotype, opening a new perspective to recapitulate endochondral ossification in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela S Kronemberger
- Nucleus of Multidisciplinary Research in Biology (Numpex-Bio), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Duque de Caxias, Brazil.,Laboratory of Tissue Bioengineering, National Institute of Metrology, Quality and Technology (Inmetro), Duque de Caxias, Brazil.,Post-graduation Program of Translational Biomedicine (Biotrans), Unigranrio, Duque de Caxias, Brazil
| | | | | | - Paulo Emílio Correa Leite
- Laboratory of Tissue Bioengineering, National Institute of Metrology, Quality and Technology (Inmetro), Duque de Caxias, Brazil.,Post-graduation Program in Biotechnology, National Institute of Metrology, Quality and Technology (Inmetro), Duque de Caxias, Brazil
| | - Antonio M Saraiva
- Laboratory of Macromolecules, National Institute of Metrology, Quality and Technology (Inmetro), Duque de Caxias, Brazil
| | - Anderson Beatrici
- Post-graduation Program in Biotechnology, National Institute of Metrology, Quality and Technology (Inmetro), Duque de Caxias, Brazil.,Scientific and Technological Metrology Division (Dimci), National Institute of Metrology, Quality and Technology (Inmetro), Duque de Caxias, Brazil
| | - Karina Ribeiro Silva
- Laboratory of Tissue Bioengineering, National Institute of Metrology, Quality and Technology (Inmetro), Duque de Caxias, Brazil.,Post-graduation Program in Biotechnology, National Institute of Metrology, Quality and Technology (Inmetro), Duque de Caxias, Brazil
| | - José Mauro Granjeiro
- Laboratory of Tissue Bioengineering, National Institute of Metrology, Quality and Technology (Inmetro), Duque de Caxias, Brazil.,Post-graduation Program of Translational Biomedicine (Biotrans), Unigranrio, Duque de Caxias, Brazil.,Post-graduation Program in Biotechnology, National Institute of Metrology, Quality and Technology (Inmetro), Duque de Caxias, Brazil.,Laboratory of Clinical Research in Odontology, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói, Brazil
| | - Leandra Santos Baptista
- Nucleus of Multidisciplinary Research in Biology (Numpex-Bio), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Duque de Caxias, Brazil.,Laboratory of Tissue Bioengineering, National Institute of Metrology, Quality and Technology (Inmetro), Duque de Caxias, Brazil.,Post-graduation Program of Translational Biomedicine (Biotrans), Unigranrio, Duque de Caxias, Brazil.,Post-graduation Program in Biotechnology, National Institute of Metrology, Quality and Technology (Inmetro), Duque de Caxias, Brazil
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31
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Three-dimensional spheroids of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells promote osteogenesis by activating stemness and Wnt/β-catenin. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 523:458-464. [PMID: 31882121 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.12.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) are multipotent and self-renewal cells that are widely used in regenerative medicine. The culture of three-dimensional (3D) spheroid MSCs more accurately mimics the biological microenvironment. However, it is unclear which key molecules are responsible for the cell fate control of MSCs during 3D spheroid formation and their impact on the functional characteristics of these stem cells. Furthermore, it remains unclear what effects 3D spheroid MSC transplantation has on new bone formation compared with that of 2D monolayer MSCs. We assessed whether the osteogenerative potential of 3D spheroid MSCs is greater than that of 2D monolayer MSCs in vitro. In addition, to elucidate the ability of 3D spheroid MSCs to regenerate bone, we examined the effects of transplanting wild-type (WT) or knockout (KO) spheroid MSCs on new bone formation in mice calvarial defect model in vitro. The 3D spheroid MSC culture dramatically upregulated into stemness markers compared with the 2D monolayer MSC culture. In contrast, BMP-2 significantly increased the osteogenesis-related molecules in the 3D spheroid MSCs but, in turn, downregulated the stemness markers. BMP-2 activated Smad1/5 together with Wnt/β-catenin in 3D spheroid MSCs. Transplantation of these MSCs into aged mice with calvarial defects promoted new bone formation compared with that of 2D monolayer MSCs. In contrast, transplantation of 3D or 2D β-catenin knockout MSCs induced little new bone formation. The 3D spheroid MSC culture had higher stemness compared with the 2D monolayer MSC culture. The culture of 3D spheroid MSCs rapidly promoted osteoblastogenesis and bone formation through synergistic activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in vitro. The transformation of 3D spheroid, but not 2D monolayer, MSCs promoted new bone regeneration in vivo. These results indicate that transplantation of 3D spheroid MSCs in regeneration therapy contributes to a shorter regenerative healing process, including new bone formation.
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Regmi S, Pathak S, Thanh TP, Nguyen TT, Sung JH, Yook S, Kim JO, Yong CS, Choi I, Doh KO, Park PH, Park JB, Seo Y, Kim BK, Lee DM, Moon IJ, Kim HS, Jeong JH. Intraportally delivered stem cell spheroids localize in the liver and protect hepatocytes against GalN/LPS-induced fulminant hepatic toxicity. Stem Cell Res Ther 2019; 10:230. [PMID: 31615539 PMCID: PMC6794806 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-019-1337-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) is common in severe fulminant hepatic failure (FHF) and has a high mortality rate (20–50%) due to irreversible cerebral edema or sepsis. Stem cell-based treatment has emerged as a promising alternative therapeutic strategy to prolong the survival of patients suffering from FHF via the inhibition of SIRS due to their immunomodulatory effects. Methods 3D spheroids of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (3D-ADSC) were prepared by the hanging drop method. The efficacy of the 3D-ADSC to rescue FHF was evaluated in a d-galactosamine/lipopolysaccharide (GalN/LPS)-induced mouse model of FHF via intraportal transplantation of the spheroids. Results Intraportally delivered 3D-ADSC better engrafted and localized into the damaged livers compared to 2D-cultured adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (2D-ADSC). Transplantation of 3D-ADSC rescued 50% of mice from FHF-induced lethality, whereas only 20% of mice survived when 2D-ADSC were transplanted. The improved transplantation outcomes correlated with the enhanced immunomodulatory effect of 3D-ADSC in the liver microenvironment. Conclusion The study shows that the transplantation of optimized 3D-ADSC can efficiently ameliorate GalN/LPS-induced FHF due to improved viability, resistance to exogenous ROS, and enhanced immunomodulatory effects of 3D-ADSC. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13287-019-1337-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shobha Regmi
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-ro, Gyeongsan-si, Gyeongbuk-do, 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Shiva Pathak
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-ro, Gyeongsan-si, Gyeongbuk-do, 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Tung Pham Thanh
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-ro, Gyeongsan-si, Gyeongbuk-do, 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Tiep Tien Nguyen
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-ro, Gyeongsan-si, Gyeongbuk-do, 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Hyuk Sung
- College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon, 21983, Republic of Korea
| | - Simmyung Yook
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu, 42415, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Oh Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-ro, Gyeongsan-si, Gyeongbuk-do, 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul Soon Yong
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-ro, Gyeongsan-si, Gyeongbuk-do, 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Inho Choi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung-Oh Doh
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, 42415, Republic of Korea
| | - Pil-Hoon Park
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-ro, Gyeongsan-si, Gyeongbuk-do, 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Beom Park
- Department of Periodontics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoojin Seo
- Department of Life Science in Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, 50612, Republic of Korea.,Institute for Translational Dental Sciences, Pusan National University, Yangsan, 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Bieong-Kil Kim
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, 42415, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Mok Lee
- Biomedical Manufacturing Technology Center, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Gyeongbuk, 38822, Republic of Korea
| | - Ik-Jae Moon
- WELGENE Inc., Gyeongsan, 38695, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Sik Kim
- Department of Life Science in Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, 50612, Republic of Korea. .,Institute for Translational Dental Sciences, Pusan National University, Yangsan, 50612, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jee-Heon Jeong
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-ro, Gyeongsan-si, Gyeongbuk-do, 38541, Republic of Korea.
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Kim HJ, Sung IY, Cho YC, Kang MS, Rho GJ, Byun JH, Park WU, Son MG, Park BW, Lee HJ, Kang YH. Three-Dimensional Spheroid Formation of Cryopreserved Human Dental Follicle-Derived Stem Cells Enhances Pluripotency and Osteogenic Induction Properties. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2019; 16:513-523. [PMID: 31624706 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-019-00203-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Enhancement and maintenance of the stemness of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is one of the most important factors contributing to the successful in vivo therapeutic application of these cells. In this regard, three-dimensional (3D) spheroid formation has been developed as reliable method for increasing the pluripotency of MSCs. Moreover, using a new protocol, we have previously shown that dental tissues of extracted wisdom teeth can be effectively cryopreserved for subsequent use as a source of autologous stem cells. The main purpose of this study is to analyze the stemness and in vitro osteogenic differentiation potential of 3D spheroid dental MSCs compared with conventional mono-layer cultured MSCs. Methods In this study, MSC-characterized stem cells were isolated and cultured from long-term cryopreserved dental follicles (hDFSCs), and then 2D hDFSCs were cultured under 3D spheroid-forming conditions using a newly designed microchip dish. The spheroids (3D hDFSCs) thus produced were investigated and characterized with respect to stemness, MSC marker expression, apoptosis, cell cycle analysis, extracellular matrix (ECM) production, and osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation properties. Results In terms of MSC and senescence markers, spheroid cells showed no difference when compared with 2D hDFSCs; however, 3D hDFSCs were observed to have a higher proportion of cell cycle arrest and a larger number of apoptotic cells. Moreover, spheroids showed substantially increased levels of pluripotency marker (early transcription factors) and ECM protein expression. Compared with 2D hDFSCs, there was also a notable enhancement in the osteogenic induction potential of spheroids, although no differences were observed with respect to in vitro adipogenesis. Conclusion To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate the application of a spheroid culture system for dental follicle-derived stem cells using a microchip dish. Although further studies are needed, including in vivo transplantation, the results obtained in this study indicate that spheroid hDFSCs derived from cryopreserved dental follicle tissues could be used as a valuable source of autologous stem cells for bone tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo-Jung Kim
- 1Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, 877 Bangeojinsunhwando-ro, Dong-gu, Ulsan, 44033 Republic of Korea
| | - Iel-Yong Sung
- 1Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, 877 Bangeojinsunhwando-ro, Dong-gu, Ulsan, 44033 Republic of Korea
| | - Yeong-Cheol Cho
- 1Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, 877 Bangeojinsunhwando-ro, Dong-gu, Ulsan, 44033 Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Su Kang
- 2Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Changwon Gyeongsang National University Hospital, 11 Samjeongja-ro, Seongsan-gu, Changwon, 51472 Republic of Korea
| | - Gyu-Jin Rho
- 3Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, 15 Jinju-daero 816 beon-gil, Jinju-si, Gyeongsangnam-do 52727 Republic of Korea
| | - June-Ho Byun
- 4Department of Dentistry, Institute of Health Science, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, 816-15 Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Uk Park
- Department of Dental Technology, Jinju Health College, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Myeong-Gyun Son
- Department of Dentistry, Hanil Hospital, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong-Wook Park
- Department of Dentistry, Hanil Hospital, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon-Jeong Lee
- 3Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, 15 Jinju-daero 816 beon-gil, Jinju-si, Gyeongsangnam-do 52727 Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Hoon Kang
- 2Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Changwon Gyeongsang National University Hospital, 11 Samjeongja-ro, Seongsan-gu, Changwon, 51472 Republic of Korea.,4Department of Dentistry, Institute of Health Science, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, 816-15 Republic of Korea
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Jafari J, Han XL, Palmer J, Tran PA, O'Connor AJ. Remote Control in Formation of 3D Multicellular Assemblies Using Magnetic Forces. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2019; 5:2532-2542. [PMID: 33405759 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.9b00297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cell constructs have been utilized as building blocks in tissue engineering to closely mimic the natural tissue and also overcome some of the limitations caused by two-dimensional cultures or using scaffolds. External forces can be used to enhance the cells' adhesion and interaction and thus provide better control over production of these structures compared to methods like cell seeding and migration. In this paper, we demonstrate an efficient method to generate uniform, three-dimensional cell constructs using magnetic forces. This method produced spheroids with higher densities and more symmetrical structures than the commonly used centrifugation method for production of cell spheroids. It was also shown that shape of the cell constructs could be changed readily by using different patterns of magnetic field. The application of magnetic fields to impart forces on the cells enhanced the fusion of these spheroids, which could be used to produce larger and more complicated structures for future tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javad Jafari
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Particulate Fluids Processing Centre, The University of Melbourne, Grattan St., Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Xiao-Lian Han
- O'Brien Institute Department, St. Vincent's Institute, 42 Fitzroy Street, Fitzroy, Victoria 3065, Australia
| | - Jason Palmer
- O'Brien Institute Department, St. Vincent's Institute, 42 Fitzroy Street, Fitzroy, Victoria 3065, Australia
| | - Phong A Tran
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Particulate Fluids Processing Centre, The University of Melbourne, Grattan St., Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.,Interface Science and Materials Engineering Group, School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George St., Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia
| | - Andrea J O'Connor
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Particulate Fluids Processing Centre, The University of Melbourne, Grattan St., Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
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Rozhina E, Batasheva S, Gomzikova M, Naumenko E, Fakhrullin R. Multicellular spheroids formation: The synergistic effects of halloysite nanoclay and cationic magnetic nanoparticles. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2018.12.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Kassotis CD, Stapleton HM. Endocrine-Mediated Mechanisms of Metabolic Disruption and New Approaches to Examine the Public Health Threat. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:39. [PMID: 30792693 PMCID: PMC6374316 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity and metabolic disorders are of great societal concern and generate substantial human health care costs globally. Interventions have resulted in only minimal impacts on disrupting this worsening health trend, increasing attention on putative environmental contributors. Exposure to numerous environmental contaminants have, over decades, been demonstrated to result in increased metabolic dysfunction and/or weight gain in cell and animal models, and in some cases, even in humans. There are numerous mechanisms through which environmental contaminants may contribute to metabolic dysfunction, though certain mechanisms, such as activation of the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma or the retinoid x receptor, have received considerably more attention than less-studied mechanisms such as antagonism of the thyroid receptor, androgen receptor, or mitochondrial toxicity. As such, research on putative metabolic disruptors is growing rapidly, as is our understanding of molecular mechanisms underlying these effects. Concurrent with these advances, new research has evaluated current models of adipogenesis, and new models have been proposed. Only in the last several years have studies really begun to address complex mixtures of contaminants and how these mixtures may disrupt metabolic health in environmentally relevant exposure scenarios. Several studies have begun to assess environmental mixtures from various environments and study the mechanisms underlying their putative metabolic dysfunction; these studies hold real promise in highlighting crucial mechanisms driving observed organismal effects. In addition, high-throughput toxicity databases (ToxCast, etc.) may provide future benefits in prioritizing chemicals for in vivo testing, particularly once the causative molecular mechanisms promoting dysfunction are better understood and expert critiques are used to hone the databases. In this review, we will review the available literature linking metabolic disruption to endocrine-mediated molecular mechanisms, discuss the novel application of environmental mixtures and implications for in vivo metabolic health, and discuss the putative utility of applying high-throughput toxicity databases to answering complex organismal health outcome questions.
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Toshimitsu T, Kajiya H, Yasunaga M, Maeshiba M, Fujisaki S, Miyaguchi N, Yamaguchi M, Maeda H, Kojima H, Ohno J. Susceptibility of the Wnt/β-catenin Pathway Accelerates Osteogenic Differentiation of Human Periodontal Ligament Stem Cell Spheroids. J HARD TISSUE BIOL 2019. [DOI: 10.2485/jhtb.28.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Toshimitsu
- Dentistry for the Disabled, Department of Oral Growth and Development, Fukuoka Dental College
- Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Fukuoka Dental College
| | - Hiroshi Kajiya
- Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Fukuoka Dental College
- Section of Cellular Physiology, Department of Physiological Science and Molecular Biology, Fukuoka Dental College
| | - Madoka Yasunaga
- Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Fukuoka Dental College
- Section of Orthodontics, Department of Oral Growth and Development, Fukuoka Dental College
| | - Munehisa Maeshiba
- Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Fukuoka Dental College
- Division of Removable Prosthodontics, Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Fukuoka Dental College
| | - Seiichi Fujisaki
- Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Fukuoka Dental College
- Division of Oral Implantology, Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Fukuoka Dental College
| | - Naoyuki Miyaguchi
- Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Fukuoka Dental College
- Division of Oral Implantology, Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Fukuoka Dental College
| | - Masahiro Yamaguchi
- Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Fukuoka Dental College
- Section of Geriatric Dentistry, Department of General Dentistry, Fukuoka Dental College
| | - Hidefumi Maeda
- Division of Oral Rehabilitation, Department of Endodontology and Operative Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University
| | - Hiroshi Kojima
- Dentistry for the Disabled, Department of Oral Growth and Development, Fukuoka Dental College
| | - Jun Ohno
- Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Fukuoka Dental College
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Tsai CC, Hong YJ, Lee RJ, Cheng NC, Yu J. Enhancement of human adipose-derived stem cell spheroid differentiation in an in situ enzyme-crosslinked gelatin hydrogel. J Mater Chem B 2019; 7:1064-1075. [DOI: 10.1039/c8tb02835d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Standardized human adipose-derived stem cell spheroids can be harvested abundantly and the differentiation capability of cell spheroids performed well in the enzyme-crosslinked gelatin hydrogel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Cheng Tsai
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- National Taiwan University
- Taipei City 10617
- Taiwan
| | - Yu-Jun Hong
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- National Taiwan University
- Taipei City 10617
- Taiwan
| | - Randall J. Lee
- Department Medicine
- University of California San Francisco
- San Francisco
- USA
| | - Nai-Chen Cheng
- Department of Surgery
- National Taiwan University Hospital
- Taipei City 10048
- Republic of China
| | - Jiashing Yu
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- National Taiwan University
- Taipei City 10617
- Taiwan
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Sánchez-Maldonado B, Galicia MDL, Rojo C, González-Gil A, Flor-García M, Picazo RA. Spheroids Spontaneously Generated In Vitro from Sheep Ovarian Cortical Cells Contain Integrating Cells That Exhibit Hallmarks of Neural Stem/Progenitor Cells. Stem Cells Dev 2018; 27:1557-1576. [PMID: 30251912 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2017.0141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell spheroids are inducible or spontaneously generated cell aggregates produced in vitro that can provide a valuable model for developmental biology, stem cell biology, and cancer therapy research. This investigation aimed to define the cellular identity of spheroids spontaneously generated in vitro from sheep ovarian cortical cells cultured under specific serum-free conditions. Spheroids were characterized during 21 days of culture by morphometric evaluation, detection of alkaline phosphatase (AP) activity, gene expression analyses of stemness transcription factors and several lineage markers, immunolocalization analyses, as well as assessment of self-renewal and differentiation potential. Cell aggregation, evidenced from day 3 of culture onward, resulted in efficient generation of 65-75 spheroids for every 500,000 cells seeded. The spheroids reached maximum diameter (187 ± 15.9 μm) during the second week of culture and exhibited AP activity. Sox2, Oct4, and Nanog were expressed throughout the culture period, with upregulation of Sox2. Neural lineage specification genes (eg, nestin, vimentin, Pax6, and p75NTR) were expressed from day 10 onward at levels above that of Oct4, Nanog and those for endoderm [alpha-fetoprotein (AFP)], and mesoderm (brachyury) specification. Neural stem cell (NSC)/neural progenitor cell (NPC) markers, nestin, Pax6, p75NTR, and vimentin, were extensively localized in cells on day 10, 15 (44.75% ± 5.84%; 93.54% ± 1.35%; 78.90% ± 4.80%; 73.82% ± 3.40%, respectively), and 21 (49.98% ± 5.30%; 91.84% ± 1.9%; 76.74% ± 11.0%; 95.80% ± 3.60%, respectively). Spheroid cell self-renewal was evidenced by cell proliferation and the generation of new spheroids during two consecutive expansion periods. Culture of spheroid cells under differentiation conditions gave rise to cells showing immunolocalization of the neuron-specific antigen NeuN and the astroglial antigen GFAP (glial fibrillary acidic protein). Our results indicate that spheroids spontaneously generated in this culture system were comprised of cells with molecular characteristics of NSC/NPC that can self-renew and differentiate into neurons and glia, supporting the identity of spheroids as neurospheres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belén Sánchez-Maldonado
- 1 Departamento de Medicina y Cirugía, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid , Madrid, España
| | - María de Lourdes Galicia
- 2 Sección Departamental de Fisiología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid , Madrid, España
| | - Concepción Rojo
- 3 Sección Departamental de Anatomía y Embriología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid , Madrid, España
| | - Alfredo González-Gil
- 2 Sección Departamental de Fisiología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid , Madrid, España
| | - Miguel Flor-García
- 4 Departamento de Neuropatología Molecular, Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CBMSO), CSIC-UAM , Madrid, España.,5 Departamento de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid , Madrid, España
| | - Rosa A Picazo
- 2 Sección Departamental de Fisiología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid , Madrid, España
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Fu C, Luo D, Yu M, Jiang N, Liu D, He D, Fu Y, Zhang T, Qiao Y, Zhou Y, Liu Y. Embryonic-Like Mineralized Extracellular Matrix/Stem Cell Microspheroids as a Bone Graft Substitute. Adv Healthc Mater 2018; 7:e1800705. [PMID: 30088348 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201800705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Native bone extracellular matrix (ECM) secreted by mesenchymal precursors provides an optimal biological framework, comprising structural collagen proteins and a microenvironment niche, which supports cell attachment and differentiation, and bone growth. Inspired by nature, the embryonic-like mineralized ECM/stem cell microspheroids (MECS) are developed, in which self-assembly of the stem cell microspheroids (CS) and mineralization of the self-produced ECM occur simultaneously. The uniform-sized MECS exhibit a solid spherical appearance with stem cells embedded inside, recapitulating the early stage of intramembranous ossification. Compared with pure CS, MECS show enhanced Young's modulus, cell viability, intercellular communication, and osteogenic differentiation. Additionally, the capability of MECS is explored without the use of exogenous scaffolds to substitute and repair lost bone in rat critical-sized defects. It is found that the MECS can achieve excellent bone regeneration outcomes with 97.99 ± 2.28% of the defect area filled with new bony structures and blood vessels, while nearly half or one-third of the defect area is repaired by CS (52.79 ± 4.63%) or β-tricalcium phosphate (38.09 ± 7.79%), respectively. The study demonstrates that embryonic-like MECS is a novel effective bone graft substitute for bone tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuicui Fu
- Department of OrthodonticsThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450000 China
- Laboratory of Biomimetic NanomaterialsDepartment of OrthodonticsPeking University School and Hospital of StomatologyNational Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of StomatologyBeijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology Beijing 100081 China
| | - Dan Luo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Biogas Upgrading UtilizationChina University of Petroleum (Beijing) Beijing 102249 China
| | - Min Yu
- Laboratory of Biomimetic NanomaterialsDepartment of OrthodonticsPeking University School and Hospital of StomatologyNational Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of StomatologyBeijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology Beijing 100081 China
| | - Nan Jiang
- Central LaboratoryPeking University School and Hospital of Stomatology Beijing 100081 China
| | - Dawei Liu
- Laboratory of Biomimetic NanomaterialsDepartment of OrthodonticsPeking University School and Hospital of StomatologyNational Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of StomatologyBeijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology Beijing 100081 China
| | - Danqing He
- Laboratory of Biomimetic NanomaterialsDepartment of OrthodonticsPeking University School and Hospital of StomatologyNational Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of StomatologyBeijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology Beijing 100081 China
| | - Yu Fu
- Fourth DivisionPeking University Hospital of Stomatology Beijing 100025 China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Laboratory of Biomimetic NanomaterialsDepartment of OrthodonticsPeking University School and Hospital of StomatologyNational Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of StomatologyBeijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology Beijing 100081 China
| | - Yiqiang Qiao
- Department of OrthodonticsThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450000 China
- Laboratory of Biomimetic NanomaterialsDepartment of OrthodonticsPeking University School and Hospital of StomatologyNational Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of StomatologyBeijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology Beijing 100081 China
| | - Yanheng Zhou
- Laboratory of Biomimetic NanomaterialsDepartment of OrthodonticsPeking University School and Hospital of StomatologyNational Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of StomatologyBeijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology Beijing 100081 China
| | - Yan Liu
- Laboratory of Biomimetic NanomaterialsDepartment of OrthodonticsPeking University School and Hospital of StomatologyNational Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of StomatologyBeijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology Beijing 100081 China
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The micromass formation potential of human adipose-derived stromal cells isolated from different various origins. Head Face Med 2018; 14:19. [PMID: 30257689 PMCID: PMC6158821 DOI: 10.1186/s13005-018-0178-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adult stem cells appear to be a promising subject for tissue engineering, representing an individual material for regeneration of aged and damaged cells. Especially adipose derived stromal cells (ADSC), which are easily to achieve, allow an encouraging perspective due to their capability of differentiating into miscellaneous cell types. Here we describe the in vitro formation of human subcutaneous, visceral and omental ADSC micromasses and compare their histological attributes while being cultivated on collagen membranes. METHODS Subcutaneous, visceral and omental fat tissue derived cells were isolated and processed according to standard protocols. Positively stained cells for CD13, CD44 and CD90 were cultivated on agarose in order to study micromass formation using a special method of cell tracking. Stained paraffin-embedded micromasses were analysed morphologically before and after being plated on collagen membranes. RESULTS The micromass formation process was similar in all three tissue types. Subcutaneous fat tissue derived micromasses turned out to develop a more homogeneous and compact shape than visceral and omental tissue. Nevertheless all micromasses adhered to collagen membranes with visible spreading of cells. The immune histochemical (IHC) staining of subcutaneous, visceral and omental ADSC micromasses shows a constant expression of CD13 and a decrease of CD44 and CD 90 expression within 28 days. After that period, omental fat cells don't show any expression of CD44. CONCLUSION In conclusion micromass formation and cultivation of all analysed fat tissues can be achieved, subcutaneous cells appearing to be the best material for regenerative concepts.
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Cellular self-assembly into 3D microtissues enhances the angiogenic activity and functional neovascularization capacity of human cardiopoietic stem cells. Angiogenesis 2018; 22:37-52. [PMID: 30014173 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-018-9635-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
While cell therapy has been proposed as next-generation therapy to treat the diseased heart, current strategies display only limited clinical efficacy. Besides the ongoing quest for the ideal cell type, in particular the very low retention rate of single-cell (SC) suspensions after delivery remains a major problem. To improve cellular retention, cellular self-assembly into 3D microtissues (MTs) prior to transplantation has emerged as an encouraging alternative. Importantly, 3D-MTs have also been reported to enhance the angiogenic activity and neovascularization potential of stem cells. Therefore, here using the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay we comprehensively evaluate the impact of cell format (SCs versus 3D-MTs) on the angiogenic potential of human cardiopoietic stem cells, a promising second-generation cell type for cardiac repair. Biodegradable collagen scaffolds were seeded with human cardiopoietic stem cells, either as SCs or as 3D-MTs generated by using a modified hanging drop method. Thereafter, seeded scaffolds were placed on the CAM of living chicken embryos and analyzed for their perfusion capacity in vivo using magnetic resonance imaging assessment which was then linked to a longitudinal histomorphometric ex vivo analysis comprising blood vessel density and characteristics such as shape and size. Cellular self-assembly into 3D-MTs led to a significant increase of vessel density mainly driven by a higher number of neo-capillary formation. In contrast, SC-seeded scaffolds displayed a higher frequency of larger neo-vessels resulting in an overall 1.76-fold higher total vessel area (TVA). Importantly, despite that larger TVA in SC-seeded group, the mean perfusion capacity (MPC) was comparable between groups, therefore suggesting functional superiority together with an enhanced perfusion efficacy of the neo-vessels in 3D-MT-seeded scaffolds. This was further underlined by a 1.64-fold higher perfusion ratio when relating MPC to TVA. Our study shows that cellular self-assembly of human cardiopoietic stem cells into 3D-MTs substantially enhances their overall angiogenic potential and their functional neovascularization capacity. Hence, the concept of 3D-MTs may be considered to increase the therapeutic efficacy of future cell therapy concepts.
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Scheinpflug J, Pfeiffenberger M, Damerau A, Schwarz F, Textor M, Lang A, Schulze F. Journey into Bone Models: A Review. Genes (Basel) 2018; 9:E247. [PMID: 29748516 PMCID: PMC5977187 DOI: 10.3390/genes9050247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone is a complex tissue with a variety of functions, such as providing mechanical stability for locomotion, protection of the inner organs, mineral homeostasis and haematopoiesis. To fulfil these diverse roles in the human body, bone consists of a multitude of different cells and an extracellular matrix that is mechanically stable, yet flexible at the same time. Unlike most tissues, bone is under constant renewal facilitated by a coordinated interaction of bone-forming and bone-resorbing cells. It is thus challenging to recreate bone in its complexity in vitro and most current models rather focus on certain aspects of bone biology that are of relevance for the research question addressed. In addition, animal models are still regarded as the gold-standard in the context of bone biology and pathology, especially for the development of novel treatment strategies. However, species-specific differences impede the translation of findings from animal models to humans. The current review summarizes and discusses the latest developments in bone tissue engineering and organoid culture including suitable cell sources, extracellular matrices and microfluidic bioreactor systems. With available technology in mind, a best possible bone model will be hypothesized. Furthermore, the future need and application of such a complex model will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Scheinpflug
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), German Centre for the Protection of Laboratory Animals (Bf3R),10589 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Moritz Pfeiffenberger
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
- German Rheumatism Research Centre (DRFZ) Berlin, a Leibniz Institute, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Alexandra Damerau
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
- German Rheumatism Research Centre (DRFZ) Berlin, a Leibniz Institute, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Franziska Schwarz
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), German Centre for the Protection of Laboratory Animals (Bf3R),10589 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Martin Textor
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), German Centre for the Protection of Laboratory Animals (Bf3R),10589 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Annemarie Lang
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
- German Rheumatism Research Centre (DRFZ) Berlin, a Leibniz Institute, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Frank Schulze
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), German Centre for the Protection of Laboratory Animals (Bf3R),10589 Berlin, Germany.
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Abstract
Bioreactors have become indispensable tools in the cell-based therapy industry. Various forms of bioreactors are used to maintain well-controlled microenvironments to regulate cell growth, differentiation, and tissue development. They are essential for providing standardized, reproducible cell-based products for regenerative medicine applications or to establish physiologically relevant
in vitro models for testing of pharmacologic agents. In this review, we discuss three main classes of bioreactors: cell expansion bioreactors, tissue engineering bioreactors, and lab-on-a-chip systems. We briefly examine the factors driving concerted research endeavors in each of these areas and describe the major advancements that have been reported in the last three years. Emerging issues that impact the commercialization and clinical use of bioreactors include (i) the need to scale up to greater cell quantities and larger graft sizes, (ii) simplification of
in vivo systems to function without exogenous stem cells or growth factors or both, and (iii) increased control in the manufacture and monitoring of miniaturized systems to better capture complex tissue and organ physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makeda Stephenson
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Warren Grayson
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Miyaguchi N, Kajiya H, Yamaguchi M, Sato A, Yasunaga M, Toshimitu T, Yanagi T, Matsumoto A, Kido H, Ohno J. Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 Accelerates Osteogenic Differentiation in Spheroid-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells. J HARD TISSUE BIOL 2018. [DOI: 10.2485/jhtb.27.343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Naoyuki Miyaguchi
- Section of Oral Implantology, Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Fukuoka Dental College
- Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Fukuoka Dental College
| | - Hiroshi Kajiya
- Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Fukuoka Dental College
- Section of Cellular Physiology, Department of Physiological Science and Molecular Biology, Fukuoka Dental College
| | - Masahiro Yamaguchi
- Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Fukuoka Dental College
- Section of Geriatric Dentistry, Department of General Dentistry, Fukuoka Dental College
| | - Ayako Sato
- Section of Oral Implantology, Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Fukuoka Dental College
- Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Fukuoka Dental College
| | - Madoka Yasunaga
- Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Fukuoka Dental College
- Section of Orthodontics, Department of Oral Growth and Development, Fukuoka Dental College
| | - Takuya Toshimitu
- Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Fukuoka Dental College
- Dentistry for the Disabled, Department of Oral Growth and Development, Fukuoka Dental College
| | - Tsukasa Yanagi
- Section of Oral Implantology, Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Fukuoka Dental College
- Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Fukuoka Dental College
| | - Ayako Matsumoto
- Section of Oral Implantology, Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Fukuoka Dental College
- Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Fukuoka Dental College
| | - Hirofumi Kido
- Section of Oral Implantology, Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Fukuoka Dental College
| | - Jun Ohno
- Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Fukuoka Dental College
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Successful Low-Cost Scaffold-Free Cartilage Tissue Engineering Using Human Cartilage Progenitor Cell Spheroids Formed by Micromolded Nonadhesive Hydrogel. Stem Cells Int 2017. [PMID: 29527227 PMCID: PMC5750468 DOI: 10.1155/2017/7053465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The scaffold-free tissue engineering using spheroids is pointed out as an approach for optimizing the delivery system of cartilage construct. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the micromolded nonadhesive hydrogel (MicroTissues®) for spheroid compaction (2-day culture) and spontaneous chondrogenesis (21-day culture) using cartilage progenitors cells (CPCs) from human nasal septum without chondrogenic stimulus. CPC spheroids showed diameter stability (486 μm ± 65), high percentage of viable cells (88.1 ± 2.1), and low percentage of apoptotic cells (2.3%). After spheroid compaction, the synthesis of TGF-β1, TGF-β2, and TGF-β3 was significantly higher compared to monolayer (p < 0.005). Biomechanical assay revealed that the maximum forces applied to spheroids after chondrogenesis were 2.6 times higher than for those cultured for 2 days. After spontaneous chondrogenesis, CPC spheroids were entirely positive for N-cadherin, collagen type II and type VI, and aggrecan and chondroitin sulfate. Comparing to monolayer, the expression of SOX5 and SOX6 genes analyzed by qPCR was significantly upregulated (p < 0.01). Finally, we observed the capacity of CPC spheroids starting to fuse. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time in the scientific literature that human CPC spheroids were formed by micromolded nonadhesive hydrogel, achieving a successful scaffold-free cartilage engineering without chondrogenic stimulus (low cost).
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Oliveira NM, Martins-Cruz C, Oliveira MB, Reis RL, Mano JF. Coculture of Spheroids/2D Cell Layers Using a Miniaturized Patterned Platform as a Versatile Method to Produce Scaffold-Free Tissue Engineering Building Blocks. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/adbi.201700069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nuno M. Oliveira
- 3B's Research Group - Biomaterials, Biodegradables, and Biomimetics; University of Minho; Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine; AvePark, Zona Industrial da Gandra 4805-017 Barco GMR Portugal
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory; Braga/Guimarães 4710-057 Portugal
| | - Cláudia Martins-Cruz
- Department of Chemistry; CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials; 3810-193 Aveiro Portugal
| | - Mariana B. Oliveira
- 3B's Research Group - Biomaterials, Biodegradables, and Biomimetics; University of Minho; Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine; AvePark, Zona Industrial da Gandra 4805-017 Barco GMR Portugal
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory; Braga/Guimarães 4710-057 Portugal
- Department of Chemistry; CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials; 3810-193 Aveiro Portugal
| | - Rui L. Reis
- 3B's Research Group - Biomaterials, Biodegradables, and Biomimetics; University of Minho; Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine; AvePark, Zona Industrial da Gandra 4805-017 Barco GMR Portugal
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory; Braga/Guimarães 4710-057 Portugal
| | - João F. Mano
- 3B's Research Group - Biomaterials, Biodegradables, and Biomimetics; University of Minho; Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine; AvePark, Zona Industrial da Gandra 4805-017 Barco GMR Portugal
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory; Braga/Guimarães 4710-057 Portugal
- Department of Chemistry; CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials; 3810-193 Aveiro Portugal
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Liu Y, Gill E, Shery Huang YY. Microfluidic on-chip biomimicry for 3D cell culture: a fit-for-purpose investigation from the end user standpoint. Future Sci OA 2017; 3:FSO173. [PMID: 28670465 PMCID: PMC5481809 DOI: 10.4155/fsoa-2016-0084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A plethora of 3D and microfluidics-based culture models have been demonstrated in the recent years with the ultimate aim to facilitate predictive in vitro models for pharmaceutical development. This article summarizes to date the progress in the microfluidics-based tissue culture models, including organ-on-a-chip and vasculature-on-a-chip. Specific focus is placed on addressing the question of what kinds of 3D culture and system complexities are deemed desirable by the biological and biomedical community. This question is addressed through analysis of a research survey to evaluate the potential use of microfluidic cell culture models among the end users. Our results showed a willingness to adopt 3D culture technology among biomedical researchers, although a significant gap still exists between the desired systems and existing 3D culture options. With these results, key challenges and future directions are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Liu
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Trumpington Street, Cambridge, UK, CB2 1PZ
| | - Elisabeth Gill
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Trumpington Street, Cambridge, UK, CB2 1PZ
| | - Yan Yan Shery Huang
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Trumpington Street, Cambridge, UK, CB2 1PZ
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Laschke MW, Menger MD. Life is 3D: Boosting Spheroid Function for Tissue Engineering. Trends Biotechnol 2016; 35:133-144. [PMID: 27634310 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2016.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 256] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Revised: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Spheroids provide a 3D environment with intensive cell-cell contacts. As a result of their excellent regenerative properties and rapid progress in their high-throughput production, spheroids are increasingly suggested as building blocks for tissue engineering. In this review, we focus on innovative biotechnological approaches that increase the quality of spheroids for this specific type of application. These include in particular the fabrication of coculture spheroids, mimicking the complex morphology and physiological tasks of natural tissues. In vitro preconditioning under different culture conditions and incorporation of biomaterials improve the function of spheroids and their directed fusion into macrotissues of desired shapes. The continuous development of these sophisticated approaches may markedly contribute to a broad implementation of spheroid-based tissue engineering in future regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias W Laschke
- Institute for Clinical & Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg/Saar, Germany.
| | - Michael D Menger
- Institute for Clinical & Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg/Saar, Germany
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Park IS, Chung PS, Ahn JC. Angiogenic Synergistic Effect of Adipose-Derived Stromal Cell Spheroids with Low-Level Light Therapy in a Model of Acute Skin Flap Ischemia. Cells Tissues Organs 2016; 202:307-318. [DOI: 10.1159/000445710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hASCs) are an attractive cell source for tissue engineering. However, one obstacle to this approach is that the transplanted hASC population can decline rapidly in the recipient tissue. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of low-level light therapy (LLLT) on transplanted spheroid hASCs in skin flaps of mice. hASCs were cultured in monolayers or spheroids. LLLT, hASCs, spheroids and spheroids transplanted with LLLT were applied to the skin flaps. Healing of the skin flaps was assessed by gross evaluation and by hematoxylin and eosin staining and elastin van Gieson staining. Compared with the spheroid group, skin flap healing was enhanced in the spheroid + LLLT group, including the neovascularization and regeneration of skin appendages. The survival of hASCs was enhanced by decreased apoptosis of hASCs in the skin flaps of the spheroid + LLLT group. The secretion of growth factors was stimulated in the spheroid + LLLT group compared with the ASC and spheroid groups. These data suggest that LLLT was an effective biostimulator of spheroid hASCs in the skin flaps, enhancing the survival of hASCs and stimulating the secretion of growth factors.
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