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Li H, Zhao T, Yuan Z, Gao T, Yang Y, Li R, Tian Q, Tang P, Guo Q, Zhang L. Cartilage lacuna-biomimetic hydrogel microspheres endowed with integrated biological signal boost endogenous articular cartilage regeneration. Bioact Mater 2024; 41:61-82. [PMID: 39104774 PMCID: PMC11299526 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2024.06.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite numerous studies on chondrogenesis, the repair of cartilage-particularly the reconstruction of cartilage lacunae through an all-in-one advanced drug delivery system remains limited. In this study, we developed a cartilage lacuna-like hydrogel microsphere system endowed with integrated biological signals, enabling sequential immunomodulation and endogenous articular cartilage regeneration. We first integrated the chondrogenic growth factor transforming growth factor-β3 (TGF-β3) into mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs). Then, TGF-β3@MSNs and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) were encapsulated within microspheres made of polydopamine (pDA). In the final step, growth factor-loaded MSN@pDA and a chitosan (CS) hydrogel containing platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB) were blended to produce growth factors loaded composite microspheres (GFs@μS) using microfluidic technology. The presence of pDA reduced the initial acute inflammatory response, and the early, robust release of PDGF-BB aided in attracting endogenous stem cells. Over the subsequent weeks, the continuous release of IGF-1 and TGF-β3 amplified chondrogenesis and matrix formation. μS were incorporated into an acellular cartilage extracellular matrix (ACECM) and combined with a polydopamine-modified polycaprolactone (PCL) structure to produce a tissue-engineered scaffold that mimicked the structure of the cartilage lacunae evenly distributed in the cartilage matrix, resulting in enhanced cartilage repair and patellar cartilage protection. This research provides a strategic pathway for optimizing growth factor delivery and ensuring prolonged microenvironmental remodeling, leading to efficient articular cartilage regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Li
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
- Institute of Orthopedics, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries PLA, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, China
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Orthopedics, Sports Medicine & Rehabilitation, Beijing, China
| | - Tianyuan Zhao
- Institute of Orthopedics, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries PLA, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, China
- Department of Orthopaedics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Spinal Disease Research, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiguo Yuan
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianze Gao
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
- Institute of Orthopedics, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries PLA, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Yongkang Yang
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
- Institute of Orthopedics, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries PLA, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Runmeng Li
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
- Institute of Orthopedics, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries PLA, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Qinyu Tian
- Institute of Orthopedics, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries PLA, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Peifu Tang
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Orthopedics, Sports Medicine & Rehabilitation, Beijing, China
| | - Quanyi Guo
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
- Institute of Orthopedics, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries PLA, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Licheng Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Orthopedics, Sports Medicine & Rehabilitation, Beijing, China
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Bakhtiari H, Nouri A, Tolouei-Rad M. Fatigue Performance of 3D-Printed Poly-Lactic-Acid Bone Scaffolds with Triply Periodic Minimal Surface and Voronoi Pore Structures. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:2145. [PMID: 39125172 PMCID: PMC11314528 DOI: 10.3390/polym16152145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2024] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Bone scaffolds serve a crucial role in tissue engineering, particularly in facilitating bone regeneration where natural repair is insufficient. Despite advancements in the fabrication of polymeric bone scaffolds, the challenge remains to optimize their mechanical resilience. Specifically, research on the fatigue behaviour of polymeric bone scaffolds is scarce. This study investigates the influence of pore architecture on the mechanical performance of poly-lactic-acid (PLA) scaffolds under quasi-static and cyclic compression. PLA scaffolds with a 60% porosity were fabricated using extrusion-based 3D printing in various designs: Gyroid, Lidinoid, Fischer-Koch, IWP, and Voronoi. Results demonstrated that Gyroid scaffolds had the highest compressive strength (6.6 MPa), followed by Lidinoid, Fischer-Koch, IWP, and Voronoi designs. Increased strut thickness was linked to higher compressive strength. However, normalized fatigue resistance showed a different pattern. While scaffolds resisted fatigue cycles at low strain amplitudes, fatigue damage was observed at higher strains. Voronoi structures exhibited the highest normalized fatigue performance, enduring around 58,000 cycles at 85% strain amplitude, followed by Gyroid, Fischer-Koch, Lidinoid, and IWP structures. Enhanced fatigue performance in different topologies correlated with the minimum cross-sectional area of scaffolds. Given the importance of both static and fatigue strength, the Gyroid topology emerges as the superior choice overall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Bakhtiari
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Manufacturing (CAMM), School of Engineering, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia;
| | - Alireza Nouri
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3001, Australia;
| | - Majid Tolouei-Rad
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Manufacturing (CAMM), School of Engineering, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia;
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Drakoulas G, Gortsas T, Polyzos E, Tsinopoulos S, Pyl L, Polyzos D. An explainable machine learning-based probabilistic framework for the design of scaffolds in bone tissue engineering. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 2024; 23:987-1012. [PMID: 38416219 DOI: 10.1007/s10237-024-01817-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Recently, 3D-printed biodegradable scaffolds have shown great potential for bone repair in critical-size fractures. The differentiation of the cells on a scaffold is impacted among other factors by the surface deformation of the scaffold due to mechanical loading and the wall shear stresses imposed by the interstitial fluid flow. These factors are in turn significantly affected by the material properties, the geometry of the scaffold, as well as the loading and flow conditions. In this work, a numerical framework is proposed to study the influence of these factors on the expected osteochondral cell differentiation. The considered scaffold is rectangular with a 0/90 lay-down pattern and a four-layered strut made of polylactic acid with a 5% steel particle content. The distribution of the different types of cells on the scaffold surface is estimated through a scalar stimulus, calculated by using a mechanobioregulatory model. To reduce the simulation time for the computation of the stimulus, a probabilistic machine learning (ML)-based reduced-order model (ROM) is proposed. Then, a sensitivity analysis is performed using the Shapley additive explanations to examine the contribution of the various parameters to the framework stimulus predictions. In a final step, a multiobjective optimization procedure is implemented using genetic algorithms and the ROM, aiming to identify the material parameters and loading conditions that maximize the percentage of surface area populated by bone cells while minimizing the area corresponding to the other types of cells and the resorption condition. The results of the performed analysis highlight the potential of using ROMs for the scaffold design, by dramatically reducing the simulation time while enabling the efficient implementation of sensitivity analysis and optimization procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Drakoulas
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Aeronautics, University of Patras, 26504, Rio, Greece.
| | - Theodore Gortsas
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Aeronautics, University of Patras, 26504, Rio, Greece.
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Peloponnese, 26334, Patras, Greece.
| | - Efstratios Polyzos
- Department of Mechanics of Materials and Constructions, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), 1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Stephanos Tsinopoulos
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Peloponnese, 26334, Patras, Greece
| | - Lincy Pyl
- Department of Mechanics of Materials and Constructions, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), 1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Demosthenes Polyzos
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Aeronautics, University of Patras, 26504, Rio, Greece
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Alonso-Fernández I, Haugen HJ, Nogueira LP, López-Álvarez M, González P, López-Peña M, González-Cantalapiedra A, Muñoz-Guzón F. Enhanced Bone Healing in Critical-Sized Rabbit Femoral Defects: Impact of Helical and Alternate Scaffold Architectures. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1243. [PMID: 38732711 PMCID: PMC11085737 DOI: 10.3390/polym16091243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
This study investigates the effect of scaffold architecture on bone regeneration, focusing on 3D-printed polylactic acid-bioceramic calcium phosphate (PLA-bioCaP) composite scaffolds in rabbit femoral condyle critical defects. We explored two distinct scaffold designs to assess their influence on bone healing and scaffold performance. Structures with alternate (0°/90°) and helical (0°/45°/90°/135°/180°) laydown patterns were manufactured with a 3D printer using a fused deposition modeling technique. The scaffolds were meticulously characterized for pore size, strut thickness, porosity, pore accessibility, and mechanical properties. The in vivo efficacy of these scaffolds was evaluated using a femoral condyle critical defect model in eight skeletally mature New Zealand White rabbits. Then, the results were analyzed micro-tomographically, histologically, and histomorphometrically. Our findings indicate that both scaffold architectures are biocompatible and support bone formation. The helical scaffolds, characterized by larger pore sizes and higher porosity, demonstrated significantly greater bone regeneration than the alternate structures. However, their lower mechanical strength presented limitations for use in load-bearing sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iván Alonso-Fernández
- Anatomy, Animal Production and Veterinary Clinical Sciences Department, Veterinary Faculty, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Universitario s/n, 27002 Lugo, Spain; (M.L.-P.); (A.G.-C.); (F.M.-G.)
| | - Håvard Jostein Haugen
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway; (H.J.H.); (L.P.N.)
| | - Liebert Parreiras Nogueira
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway; (H.J.H.); (L.P.N.)
| | - Miriam López-Álvarez
- Centro de Investigación en Tecnologías, Energía y Procesos Industriales (CINTECX), Universidade de Vigo, Grupo de Novos Materiais, 36310 Vigo, Spain; (M.L.-Á.); (P.G.)
- Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur), SERGAS-UVIGO, 36213 Vigo, Spain
| | - Pío González
- Centro de Investigación en Tecnologías, Energía y Procesos Industriales (CINTECX), Universidade de Vigo, Grupo de Novos Materiais, 36310 Vigo, Spain; (M.L.-Á.); (P.G.)
- Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur), SERGAS-UVIGO, 36213 Vigo, Spain
| | - Mónica López-Peña
- Anatomy, Animal Production and Veterinary Clinical Sciences Department, Veterinary Faculty, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Universitario s/n, 27002 Lugo, Spain; (M.L.-P.); (A.G.-C.); (F.M.-G.)
| | - Antonio González-Cantalapiedra
- Anatomy, Animal Production and Veterinary Clinical Sciences Department, Veterinary Faculty, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Universitario s/n, 27002 Lugo, Spain; (M.L.-P.); (A.G.-C.); (F.M.-G.)
| | - Fernando Muñoz-Guzón
- Anatomy, Animal Production and Veterinary Clinical Sciences Department, Veterinary Faculty, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Universitario s/n, 27002 Lugo, Spain; (M.L.-P.); (A.G.-C.); (F.M.-G.)
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Yu X, Wang P, Gao J, Fu Y, Wang Q, Chen J, Chen S, Ding J. Wet 3D printing of biodegradable porous scaffolds to enable room-temperature deposition modeling of polymeric solutions for regeneration of articular cartilage. Biofabrication 2024; 16:035007. [PMID: 38569492 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ad3a12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Tissue engineering has emerged as an advanced strategy to regenerate various tissues using different raw materials, and thus it is desired to develop more approaches to fabricate tissue engineering scaffolds to fit specific yet very useful raw materials such as biodegradable aliphatic polyester like poly (lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA). Herein, a technique of 'wet 3D printing' was developed based on a pneumatic extrusion three-dimensional (3D) printer after we introduced a solidification bath into a 3D printing system to fabricate porous scaffolds. The room-temperature deposition modeling of polymeric solutions enabled by our wet 3D printing method is particularly meaningful for aliphatic polyester, which otherwise degrades at high temperature in classic fuse deposition modeling. As demonstration, we fabricated a bilayered porous scaffold consisted of PLGA and its mixture with hydroxyapatite for regeneration of articular cartilage and subchondral bone. Long-termin vitroandin vivodegradation tests of the scaffolds were carried out up to 36 weeks, which support the three-stage degradation process of the polyester porous scaffold and suggest faster degradationin vivothanin vitro. Animal experiments in a rabbit model of articular cartilage injury were conducted. The efficacy of the scaffolds in cartilage regeneration was verified through histological analysis, micro-computed tomography (CT) and biomechanical tests, and the influence of scaffold structures (bilayerversussingle layer) onin vivotissue regeneration was examined. This study has illustrated that the wet 3D printing is an alternative approach to biofabricate tissue engineering porous scaffolds based on biodegradable polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoye Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Sports Medicine, Huashan Hospital & State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingming Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, People's Republic of China
| | - Ye Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, People's Republic of China
| | - Qunsong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Sports Medicine, Huashan Hospital & State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiyi Chen
- Department of Sports Medicine, Huashan Hospital & State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiandong Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, People's Republic of China
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Bakhtiari H, Nouri A, Khakbiz M, Tolouei-Rad M. Fatigue behaviour of load-bearing polymeric bone scaffolds: A review. Acta Biomater 2023; 172:16-37. [PMID: 37797705 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.09.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Bone scaffolds play a crucial role in bone tissue engineering by providing mechanical support for the growth of new tissue while enduring static and fatigue loads. Although polymers possess favourable characteristics such as adjustable degradation rate, tissue-compatible stiffness, ease of fabrication, and low toxicity, their relatively low mechanical strength has limited their use in load-bearing applications. While numerous studies have focused on assessing the static strength of polymeric scaffolds, little research has been conducted on their fatigue properties. The current review presents a comprehensive study on the fatigue behaviour of polymeric bone scaffolds. The fatigue failure in polymeric scaffolds is discussed and the impact of material properties, topological features, loading conditions, and environmental factors are also examined. The present review also provides insight into the fatigue damage evolution within polymeric scaffolds, drawing comparisons to the behaviour observed in natural bone. Additionally, the effect of polymer microstructure, incorporating reinforcing materials, the introduction of topological features, and hydrodynamic/corrosive impact of body fluids in the fatigue life of scaffolds are discussed. Understanding these parameters is crucial for enhancing the fatigue resistance of polymeric scaffolds and holds promise for expanding their application in clinical settings as structural biomaterials. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Polymers have promising advantages for bone tissue engineering, including adjustable degradation rates, compatibility with native bone stiffness, ease of fabrication, and low toxicity. However, their limited mechanical strength has hindered their use in load-bearing scaffolds for clinical applications. While prior studies have addressed static behaviour of polymeric scaffolds, a comprehensive review of their fatigue performance is lacking. This review explores this gap, addressing fatigue characteristics, failure mechanisms, and the influence of parameters like material properties, topological features, loading conditions, and environmental factors. It also examines microstructure, reinforcement materials, pore architectures, body fluids, and tissue ingrowth effects on fatigue behaviour. A significant emphasis is placed on understanding fatigue damage progression in polymeric scaffolds, comparing it to natural bone behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Bakhtiari
- Center for Advanced Materials and Manufacturing (CAMM), School of Engineering, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia.
| | - Alireza Nouri
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3001, Australia
| | - Mehrdad Khakbiz
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA; Division of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran, North Kargar Ave., PO Box 14395-1561, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Tolouei-Rad
- Center for Advanced Materials and Manufacturing (CAMM), School of Engineering, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia.
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Chen J, Xie Y, Li Y, Chen X, Fu M, Liu Y, Zhang Z. Assessment of degradability and endothelialization of modified poly L-lactic acid (PLLA) atrial septal defect (ASD) occluders over time in vivo. J Cardiothorac Surg 2023; 18:283. [PMID: 37817186 PMCID: PMC10566106 DOI: 10.1186/s13019-023-02401-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the fiber-degradation and endothelialization of a modified poly L-lactic acid (PLLA) atrial septal defect (ASD) occluder for a long time in vivo. METHODS A total of 57 New Zealand rabbits were selected to establish the vasculature implantation model, which would be used to characterize the mechanical properties and pathological reaction of PLLA filaments (a raw polymer of ASD occluder). In total, 27 Experimental piglets were used to create the ASD model for the catheter implantation of PLLA ASD occluders. Then, X-ray imaging, transthoracic echocardiography, histopathology, and scanning electron microscope (SEM) were performed in the experimental animals at 3, 6, 12, and 24 months after implantation. RESULTS In the rabbit models, the fibrocystic grade was 0 and the inflammatory response was grade 2 at 6 months after vasculature implantation of the PLLA filaments. The mass loss of PLLA filaments increased appreciably with the increasing duration of implantation, but their mechanical strength was decreased without broken. In the porcine models, the cardiac gross anatomy showed that all PLLA ASD occluders were stable in the interatrial septum without any vegetation or thrombus formation. At 24 months, the occluders had been embedded into endogenous host tissue nearly. Pathological observations suggested that the occluders degraded gradually without complications at different periods. SEM showed that the occluders were endothelialized completely and essentially became an integral part of the body over time. CONCLUSION In the animal model, the modified PLLA ASD occluders exhibited good degradability and endothelialization in this long-term follow-up study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Chen
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of South China Structural Heart Disease, No. 106 Zhongshan Second Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510100, Guangdong, China
- Danzhou People's Hospital, Danzhou, 571700, Hainan, China
| | - Yumei Xie
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of South China Structural Heart Disease, No. 106 Zhongshan Second Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510100, Guangdong, China
| | - Yifan Li
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of South China Structural Heart Disease, No. 106 Zhongshan Second Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510100, Guangdong, China
| | - Xianmiao Chen
- Lifetech Scientific (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, 518057, Guangdong, China
| | - Mingjuan Fu
- Lifetech Scientific (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, 518057, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanfen Liu
- Lifetech Scientific (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, 518057, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhiwei Zhang
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China.
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of South China Structural Heart Disease, No. 106 Zhongshan Second Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510100, Guangdong, China.
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Bakhtiari H, Nikzad M, Tolouei-Rad M. Influence of Three-Dimensional Printing Parameters on Compressive Properties and Surface Smoothness of Polylactic Acid Specimens. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3827. [PMID: 37765681 PMCID: PMC10535293 DOI: 10.3390/polym15183827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
While the mechanical performance of fused filament fabrication (FFF) parts has been extensively studied in terms of the tensile and bending strength, limited research accounts for their compressive performance. This study investigates the effect of four process parameters (layer height, extrusion width, nozzle temperature, and printing speed) on the compressive properties and surface smoothness of FFF parts made of Polylactic Acid (PLA). The orthogonal Taguchi method was employed for designing the experiments. The surface roughness and compressive properties of the specimens were then measured and optimized using the analysis of variance (ANOVA). A microscopic analysis was also performed to identify the failure mechanism under static compression. The results indicated that the layer height had the most significant influence on all studied properties, followed by the print speed in the case of compressive modulus, hysteresis loss, and residual strain; extrusion width in the case of compressive strength and specific strength; and nozzle temperature in the case of toughness and failure strain. The optimal design for both high compressive properties and surface smoothness were determined as a 0.05 mm layer height, 0.65 mm extrusion width, 205 °C nozzle temperature, and 70 mm/s print speed. The main failure mechanism observed by SEM analysis was delamination between layers, occurring at highly stressed points near the stitch line of the PLA prints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Bakhtiari
- School of Engineering, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia
| | - Mostafa Nikzad
- Department of Mechanical and Product Design Engineering, School of Engineering, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia;
| | - Majid Tolouei-Rad
- School of Engineering, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia
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Alonso-Fernández I, Haugen HJ, López-Peña M, González-Cantalapiedra A, Muñoz F. Use of 3D-printed polylactic acid/bioceramic composite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering in preclinical in vivo studies: A systematic review. Acta Biomater 2023; 168:1-21. [PMID: 37454707 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
3D-printed composite scaffolds have emerged as an alternative to deal with existing limitations when facing bone reconstruction. The aim of the study was to systematically review the feasibility of using PLA/bioceramic composite scaffolds manufactured by 3D-printing technologies as bone grafting materials in preclinical in vivo studies. Electronic databases were searched using specific search terms, and thirteen manuscripts were selected after screening. The synthesis of the scaffolds was carried out using mainly extrusion-based techniques. Likewise, hydroxyapatite was the most used bioceramic for synthesizing composites with a PLA matrix. Among the selected studies, seven were conducted in rats and six in rabbits, but the high variability that exists regarding the experimental process made it difficult to compare them. Regarding the results, PLA/Bioceramic composite scaffolds have shown to be biocompatible and mechanically resistant. Preclinical studies elucidated the ability of the scaffolds to be used as bone grafts, allowing bone growing without adverse reactions. In conclusion, PLA/Bioceramics scaffolds have been demonstrated to be a promising alternative for treating bone defects. Nevertheless, more care should be taken when designing and performing in vivo trials, since the lack of standardization of the processes, which prevents the comparison of the results and reduces the quality of the information. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: 3D-printed polylactic acid/bioceramic composite scaffolds have emerged as an alternative to deal with existing limitations when facing bone reconstruction. Since preclinical in vivo studies with animal models represent a mandatory step for clinical translation, the present manuscript analyzed and discussed not only those aspects related to the selection of the bioceramic material, the synthesis of the implants and their characterization. But provides a new approach to understand how the design and perform of clinical trials, as well as the selection of the analysis methods, may affect the obtained results, by covering authors' knowledgebase from veterinary medicine to biomaterial science. Thus, this study aims to systematically review the feasibility of using polylactic acid/bioceramic scaffolds as grafting materials in preclinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iván Alonso-Fernández
- Anatomy, Animal Production and Veterinary Clinical Sciences Department, Veterinary Faculty, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Universitario s/n, 27002 Lugo, Spain.
| | - Håvard Jostein Haugen
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mónica López-Peña
- Anatomy, Animal Production and Veterinary Clinical Sciences Department, Veterinary Faculty, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Universitario s/n, 27002 Lugo, Spain
| | - Antonio González-Cantalapiedra
- Anatomy, Animal Production and Veterinary Clinical Sciences Department, Veterinary Faculty, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Universitario s/n, 27002 Lugo, Spain
| | - Fernando Muñoz
- Anatomy, Animal Production and Veterinary Clinical Sciences Department, Veterinary Faculty, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Universitario s/n, 27002 Lugo, Spain
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10
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Altunbek M, Afghah SF, Fallah A, Acar AA, Koc B. Design and 3D Printing of Personalized Hybrid and Gradient Structures for Critical Size Bone Defects. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2023; 6:1873-1885. [PMID: 37071829 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c00107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2023]
Abstract
Treating critical-size bone defects with autografts, allografts, or standardized implants is challenging since the healing of the defect area necessitates patient-specific grafts with mechanically and physiologically relevant structures. Three-dimensional (3D) printing using computer-aided design (CAD) is a promising approach for bone tissue engineering applications by producing constructs with customized designs and biomechanical compositions. In this study, we propose 3D printing of personalized and implantable hybrid active scaffolds with a unique architecture and biomaterial composition for critical-size bone defects. The proposed 3D hybrid construct was designed to have a gradient cell-laden poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) hydrogel, which was surrounded by a porous polycaprolactone (PCL) cage structure to recapitulate the anatomical structure of the defective area. The optimized PCL cage design not only provides improved mechanical properties but also allows the diffusion of nutrients and medium through the scaffold. Three different designs including zigzag, zigzag/spiral, and zigzag/spiral with shifting the zigzag layers were evaluated to find an optimal architecture from a mechanical point of view and permeability that can provide the necessary mechanical strength and oxygen/nutrient diffusion, respectively. Mechanical properties were investigated experimentally and analytically using finite element analysis (FEA), and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation was used to determine the permeability of the structures. A hybrid scaffold was fabricated via 3D printing of the PCL cage structure and a PEG-based bioink comprising a varying number of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs). The gradient bioink was deposited inside the PCL cage through a microcapillary extrusion to generate a mineralized gradient structure. The zigzag/spiral design for the PCL cage was found to be mechanically strong with sufficient and optimum nutrient/gas axial and radial diffusion while the PEG-based hydrogel provided a biocompatible environment for hBMSC viability, differentiation, and mineralization. This study promises the production of personalized constructs for critical-size bone defects by printing different biomaterials and gradient cells with a hybrid design depending on the need for a donor site for implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mine Altunbek
- Nanotechnology Research and Application Center, Sabanci University, Istanbul 34956, Turkey
- University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, Massachusetts 01854, United States
| | - Seyedeh Ferdows Afghah
- Nanotechnology Research and Application Center, Sabanci University, Istanbul 34956, Turkey
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Istanbul 34956, Turkey
| | - Ali Fallah
- Nanotechnology Research and Application Center, Sabanci University, Istanbul 34956, Turkey
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Istanbul 34956, Turkey
- Integrated Manufacturing Technologies Research and Application Center, Sabanci University, Istanbul 34906, Turkey
| | - Anil Ahmet Acar
- Nanotechnology Research and Application Center, Sabanci University, Istanbul 34956, Turkey
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Istanbul 34956, Turkey
| | - Bahattin Koc
- Nanotechnology Research and Application Center, Sabanci University, Istanbul 34956, Turkey
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Istanbul 34956, Turkey
- Integrated Manufacturing Technologies Research and Application Center, Sabanci University, Istanbul 34906, Turkey
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11
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Conde-González A, Glinka M, Dutta D, Wallace R, Callanan A, Oreffo ROC, Bradley M. Rapid fabrication and screening of tailored functional 3D biomaterials: Validation in bone tissue repair - Part II. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2023; 145:213250. [PMID: 36563509 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2022.213250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Regenerative medicine strategies place increasingly sophisticated demands on 3D biomaterials to promote tissue formation at sites where tissue would otherwise not form. Ideally, the discovery/fabrication of the 3D scaffolds needs to be high-throughput and uniform to ensure quick and in-depth analysis in order to pinpoint appropriate chemical and mechanical properties of a biomaterial. Herein we present a versatile technique to screen new potential biocompatible acrylate-based 3D scaffolds with the ultimate aim of application in tissue repair. As part of this process, we identified an acrylate-based 3D porous scaffold that promoted cell proliferation followed by accelerated tissue formation, pre-requisites for tissue repair. Scaffolds were fabricated by a facile freeze-casting and an in-situ photo-polymerization route, embracing a high-throughput synthesis, screening and characterization protocol. The current studies demonstrate the dependence of cellular growth and vascularization on the porosity and intrinsic chemical nature of the scaffolds, with tuneable 3D scaffolds generated with large, interconnected pores suitable for cellular growth applied to skeletal reparation. Our studies showed increased cell proliferation, collagen and ALP expression, while chorioallantoic membrane assays indicated biocompatibility and demonstrated the angiogenic nature of the scaffolds. VEGRF2 expression in vivo observed throughout the 3D scaffolds in the absence of growth factor supplementation demonstrates a potential for angiogenesis. This novel platform provides an innovative approach to 3D scanning of synthetic biomaterials for tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael Glinka
- Bone and Joint Research Group, Centre for Human Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Deepanjalee Dutta
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, UK
| | - Robert Wallace
- Orthopaedics and Trauma, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Anthony Callanan
- School of Engineering, Institute for Bioengineering, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3DW, UK
| | - Richard O C Oreffo
- Bone and Joint Research Group, Centre for Human Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK.
| | - Mark Bradley
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, UK.
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12
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Shams A, Masaeli E, Ghomi H. Biomimetic surface modification of Three-dimensional printed Polylactic acid scaffolds with custom mechanical properties for bone reconstruction. J Biomater Appl 2023; 37:1042-1053. [PMID: 36565047 DOI: 10.1177/08853282221148043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
3D printing has recently emerged as an innovative fabrication method to construct critical-sized and patient-specific bone scaffolds. The ability to control the bulk geometry of scaffolds in both macro and micro-scales distinguishes this technology from other fabrication methods. In this study, bone tissue-specific scaffolds with different pore geometries were printed from polylactic acid (PLA) filaments at three given infill densities ranging from 20 to 30%. A hybrid hydrogel made of synthetic biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) and collagen was applied to coat 3D printed well-structured triangular samples with 30% infill density. The coating process changed the surface texture, increased the average strand diameter and average pore size, and decreased the open porosity of samples, all of which increased the mechanical strength of biomimetic-coated scaffolds. According to matrix mineralization staining and osteo-related gene expression, the coating of scaffolds significantly facilitates metabolic activity and osteogenic differentiation of dental pulp-derived mesenchymal stem cells (DPSCs). Taken together, these results indicated that the biomimetic coating is a highly promising approach that could be taken into consideration in the design of a porous scaffold for bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Shams
- Department of Tissue Engineering, Najafabad Branch, 201564Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran
| | - Elahe Masaeli
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, 438298ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hamed Ghomi
- Advanced Materials Research Center, Department of Materials Engineering, Najafabad Branch, 201564Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran
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13
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Cao D, Ding J. Recent advances in regenerative biomaterials. Regen Biomater 2022; 9:rbac098. [PMID: 36518879 PMCID: PMC9745784 DOI: 10.1093/rb/rbac098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, biomaterials have evolved from the inert supports or functional substitutes to the bioactive materials able to trigger or promote the regenerative potential of tissues. The interdisciplinary progress has broadened the definition of 'biomaterials', and a typical new insight is the concept of tissue induction biomaterials. The term 'regenerative biomaterials' and thus the contents of this article are relevant to yet beyond tissue induction biomaterials. This review summarizes the recent progress of medical materials including metals, ceramics, hydrogels, other polymers and bio-derived materials. As the application aspects are concerned, this article introduces regenerative biomaterials for bone and cartilage regeneration, cardiovascular repair, 3D bioprinting, wound healing and medical cosmetology. Cell-biomaterial interactions are highlighted. Since the global pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019, the review particularly mentions biomaterials for public health emergency. In the last section, perspectives are suggested: (i) creation of new materials is the source of innovation; (ii) modification of existing materials is an effective strategy for performance improvement; (iii) biomaterial degradation and tissue regeneration are required to be harmonious with each other; (iv) host responses can significantly influence the clinical outcomes; (v) the long-term outcomes should be paid more attention to; (vi) the noninvasive approaches for monitoring in vivo dynamic evolution are required to be developed; (vii) public health emergencies call for more research and development of biomaterials; and (viii) clinical translation needs to be pushed forward in a full-chain way. In the future, more new insights are expected to be shed into the brilliant field-regenerative biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinglingge Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Jiandong Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
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14
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Fallah A, Altunbek M, Bartolo P, Cooper G, Weightman A, Blunn G, Koc B. 3D printed scaffold design for bone defects with improved mechanical and biological properties. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2022; 134:105418. [PMID: 36007489 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2022.105418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Bone defect treatment is still a challenge in clinics, and synthetic bone scaffolds with adequate mechanical and biological properties are highly needed. Adequate waste and nutrient exchange of the implanted scaffold with the surrounded tissue is a major concern. Moreover, the risk of mechanical instability in the defect area during regular activity increases as the defect size increases. Thus, scaffolds with better mass transportation and mechanical properties are desired. This study introduces 3D printed polymeric scaffolds with a continuous pattern, ZigZag-Spiral pattern, for bone defects treatments. This pattern has a uniform distribution of pore size, which leads to uniform distribution of wall shear stress which is crucial for uniform differentiation of cells attached to the scaffolds. The mechanical, mass transportation, and biological properties of the 3D printed scaffolds are evaluated. The results show that the presented scaffolds have permeability similar to natural bone and, with the same porosity level, have higher mechanical properties than scaffolds with conventional lay-down patterns 0-90° and 0-45°. Finally, human mesenchymal stem cells are seeded on the scaffolds to determine the effects of geometrical microstructure on cell attachment and morphology. The results show that cells in scaffold with ZigZag-Spiral pattern infilled pores gradually, while the other patterns need more time to fill the pores. Considering mechanical, transportation, and biological properties of the considered patterns, scaffolds with ZigZag-Spiral patterns can mimic the properties of cancellous bones and be a better choice for treatments of bone defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Fallah
- Integrated Manufacturing Technologies Research and Application Center, Sabanci University, Istanbul, 34906, Turkey; Nanotechnology Research and Application Center, Sabanci University, Istanbul, 34956, Turkey; Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Istanbul, 34956, Turkey
| | - Mine Altunbek
- Nanotechnology Research and Application Center, Sabanci University, Istanbul, 34956, Turkey; Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Istanbul, 34956, Turkey
| | - Paulo Bartolo
- School of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK; Singapore Centre for 3D Printing, School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Glen Cooper
- School of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Andrew Weightman
- School of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Gordon Blunn
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University Portsmouth, Portsmouth, PO1 2UP, UK
| | - Bahattin Koc
- Integrated Manufacturing Technologies Research and Application Center, Sabanci University, Istanbul, 34906, Turkey; Nanotechnology Research and Application Center, Sabanci University, Istanbul, 34956, Turkey; Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Istanbul, 34956, Turkey.
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15
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Experimental study on polycaprolactone scaffold cell-based nasal implant using 3D printing. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2022; 75:3869-3876. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjps.2022.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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16
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Wang P, Wang X, Wang B, Li X, Xie Z, Chen J, Honjo T, Tu X. 3D printing of osteocytic Dll4 integrated with PCL for cell fate determination towards osteoblasts in vitro. Biodes Manuf 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s42242-022-00196-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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17
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Ding X, Gao J, Yu X, Shi J, Chen J, Yu L, Chen S, Ding J. 3D-Printed Porous Scaffolds of Hydrogels Modified with TGF-β1 Binding Peptides to Promote In Vivo Cartilage Regeneration and Animal Gait Restoration. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:15982-15995. [PMID: 35363484 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c00761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The treatment of cartilage injury and osteoarthritis has been a classic problem for many years. The idea of in situ tissue regeneration paves a way for osteochondral repair in vivo. Herein, a hydrogel scaffold linked with bioactive peptides that can selectively adsorb transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) was hypothesized to not only afford cell ingrowth space but also induce the endogenous TGF-β1 recruitment for chondrogenesis promotion. In this study, bilayered porous scaffolds with gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) hydrogels as a matrix were constructed via three-dimensional (3D) printing, of which the upper layer was covalently bound with bioactive peptides that can adsorb TGF-β1 for cartilage repair and the lower layer was blended with hydroxyapatite for subchondral regeneration. The scaffolds showed promising therapeutic efficacy proved by cartilage and osteogenic induction in vitro and osteochondral repair of rats in vivo. In particular, the animal gait behavior was recovered after the in situ tissue regeneration, and the corresponding gait analysis demonstrated the promotion of tissue regeneration induced by the porous hydrogels with the binding peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoquan Ding
- Department of Sports Medicine, Huashan Hospital & State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Jingming Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Xiaoye Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Jiayue Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Sports Medicine, Huashan Hospital & State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Lin Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Shiyi Chen
- Department of Sports Medicine, Huashan Hospital & State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Jiandong Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
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18
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Sharifi F, Otte A, Park K. Initial Formation of the Skin Layer of PLGA Microparticles. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2101427. [PMID: 34601826 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202101427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) has been extensively used in making long-acting injectable formulations. The critical factors affecting the PLGA formulation properties have been adjusted to control the drug release kinetics and obtain desirable properties of PLGA-based drug delivery systems. The PLGA microparticle formation begins as soon as the drug/PLGA-dissolved in the organic solvent phase (oil phase) is exposed to the water phase. The initial skin (or shell) formation on the oil droplets occurs very quickly, sometimes in the matter of milliseconds, and studying the process has been difficult. The skin formation on the PLGA emulsion droplet surface that can affect the subsequent hardening steps is examined. PLGA droplets with different compositions are prepared. Using collimated light and a high-speed camera made it possible to detect the diffusion of acetonitrile from the oil phase into the water phase during the oil droplet formation. Although the skin formation is not visible on the surface of the oil phase droplet with the current setup, the droplet shapes, solid strand formation, and the difference in the spreading time suggest that the initial contact time between the oil and water phases in the range of a few seconds is critical to the properties of the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farrokh Sharifi
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering 206 South Martin Jischke Drive West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
| | - Andrew Otte
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering 206 South Martin Jischke Drive West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
| | - Kinam Park
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering 206 South Martin Jischke Drive West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Pharmaceutics 206 South Martin Jischke Drive West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
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19
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Wang J, Tang Y, Cao Q, Wu Y, Wang Y, Yuan B, Li X, Zhou Y, Chen X, Zhu X, Tu C, Zhang X. Fabrication and biological evaluation of 3D printed calcium phosphate ceramic scaffolds with distinct macroporous geometries through digital light processing technology. Regen Biomater 2022; 9:rbac005. [PMID: 35668922 PMCID: PMC9160879 DOI: 10.1093/rb/rbac005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Digital light processing (DLP)-based 3D printing technique holds promise in fabricating scaffolds with high precision. Here raw calcium phosphate (CaP) powders were modified by 5.5% monoalcohol ethoxylate phosphate (MAEP) to ensure high solid loading and low viscosity. The rheological tests found that photocurable slurries composed of 50 wt % modified CaP powders and 2 wt % toners were suitable for DLP printing. Based on geometric models designed by CAD system, three printed CaP ceramics with distinct macroporous structures were prepared, including simple cube, octet-truss, and inverse face-centered cube (fcc), which presented the similar phase composition and microstructure, but the different macropore geometries. Inverse-fcc group showed the highest porosity and compressive strength. The in vitro and in vivo biological evaluations were performed to compare the bioactivity of three printed CaP ceramics, and the traditional foamed ceramic was used as control. It suggested that all CaP ceramics exhibited good biocompatibility, as evidence by an even bone-like apatite layer formation on the surface, and the good cell proliferation and spreading. A mouse intramuscular implantation model found that all of CaP ceramics could induce ectopic bone formation, and Foam group had the strongest osteoinduction, followed by Inverse-fcc, while Cube and Octet-truss had the weakest one. It indicated that macropore geometry was of great importance to affect the osteoinductivity of scaffolds, and spherical, concave macropores facilitated osteogenesis. These findings provide a strategy to design and fabricate high-performance orthopedic grafts with proper pore geometry and desired biological performance via DLP-based 3D printing technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Yitao Tang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Quanle Cao
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Yonghao Wu
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Yitian Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Bo Yuan
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Xiangfeng Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Yong Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xuening Chen
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Xiangdong Zhu
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Chongqi Tu
- Department of Orthopaedics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xingdong Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
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20
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Yu X, Li G, Zheng Y, Gao J, Fu Y, Wang Q, Huang L, Pan X, Ding J. “Invisible” orthodontics by polymeric “clear” aligners molded on 3D-printed personalized dental models. Regen Biomater 2022; 9:rbac007. [PMID: 35414958 PMCID: PMC8992363 DOI: 10.1093/rb/rbac007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The malalignment of teeth is treated classically by metal braces with alloy wires, which has an unfavorable influence on the patients appearance during the treatment. With the development of digitization, computer simulation and three-dimensional (3D) printing technology, herein, a modern treatment was tried using clear polymeric aligners, which were fabricated by molding polyurethane films via thermoforming on the 3D-printed personalized dental models. The key parameters of photocurable 3D printing of dental models and the mechanical properties of the clear aligner film material were examined. The precision of a 3D-printed dental model mainly relied on characteristics of photocurable resin, the resolution of light source and the exposure condition, which determined the eventual shape of the molded clear aligner and thus the orthodontic treatment efficacy. The biocompatibility of the polyurethane film material was confirmed through cytotoxicity and hemolysis tests in vitro. Following a series of 3D-printed personalized dental models and finite element analysis to predict and plan the fabrication and orthodontic processes, corresponding clear aligners were fabricated and applied in animal experiments, which proved the efficacy and biocompatibility in vivo. Clinical treatments of 120 orthodontic cases were finally carried out with success, which highlights the advantage of the clear aligners as an esthetic, compatible and efficient appliance. ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoye Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Guanghui Li
- Department of Orthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Yikan Zheng
- Angelalign Research Institute, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Jingming Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Ye Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Qunsong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Lei Huang
- Angelalign Research Institute, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Xiaogang Pan
- Department of Orthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Jiandong Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
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21
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Marshall SL, Jacobsen TD, Emsbo E, Murali A, Anton K, Liu JZ, Lu HH, Chahine NO. Three-Dimensional-Printed Flexible Scaffolds Have Tunable Biomimetic Mechanical Properties for Intervertebral Disc Tissue Engineering. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2021; 7:5836-5849. [PMID: 34843224 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c01326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The intervertebral disc (IVD) exhibits complex structure and biomechanical function, which supports the weight of the body and permits motion. Surgical treatments for IVD degeneration (e.g., lumbar fusion, disc replacement) often disrupt the mechanical environment of the spine which lead to adjacent segment disease. Alternatively, disc tissue engineering strategies, where cell-seeded hydrogels or fibrous biomaterials are cultured in vitro to promote matrix deposition, do not recapitulate the complex IVD mechanical properties. In this study, we use 3D printing of flexible polylactic acid (FPLA) to fabricate a viscoelastic scaffold with tunable biomimetic mechanics for whole spine motion segment applications. We optimized the mechanical properties of the scaffolds for equilibrium and dynamic moduli in compression and tension by varying fiber spacing or porosity, generating scaffolds with de novo mechanical properties within the physiological range of spine motion segments. The biodegradation analysis of the 3D printed scaffolds showed that FPLA exhibits lower degradation rate and thus has longer mechanical stability than standard PLA. FPLA scaffolds were biocompatible, supporting viability of nucleus pulposus (NP) cells in 2D and in FPLA+hydrogel composites. Composite scaffolds cultured with NP cells maintained baseline physiological mechanical properties and promoted matrix deposition up to 8 weeks in culture. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) cultured on FPLA adhered to the scaffold and exhibited fibrocartilaginous differentiation. These results demonstrate for the first time that 3D printed FPLA scaffolds have de novo viscoelastic mechanical properties that match the native IVD motion segment in both tension and compression and have the potential to be used as a mechanically stable and biocompatible biomaterial for engineered disc replacement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha L Marshall
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Columbia University, 650 West 168th Street, 1410, New York, New York 10031, United States
| | - Timothy D Jacobsen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Columbia University, 650 West 168th Street, 1410, New York, New York 10031, United States.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, 650 West 168th Street, 1410, New York, New York 10031, United States
| | - Erik Emsbo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, 650 West 168th Street, 1410, New York, New York 10031, United States
| | - Archana Murali
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, 650 West 168th Street, 1410, New York, New York 10031, United States
| | - Kevin Anton
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, 650 West 168th Street, 1410, New York, New York 10031, United States
| | - Jessica Z Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, 650 West 168th Street, 1410, New York, New York 10031, United States
| | - Helen H Lu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, 650 West 168th Street, 1410, New York, New York 10031, United States
| | - Nadeen O Chahine
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Columbia University, 650 West 168th Street, 1410, New York, New York 10031, United States.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, 650 West 168th Street, 1410, New York, New York 10031, United States
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22
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Wang W, Zhang B, Zhao L, Li M, Han Y, Wang L, Zhang Z, Li J, Zhou C, Liu L. Fabrication and properties of PLA/nano-HA composite scaffolds with balanced mechanical properties and biological functions for bone tissue engineering application. NANOTECHNOLOGY REVIEWS 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/ntrev-2021-0083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Repair of critical bone defects is a challenge in the orthopedic clinic. 3D printing is an advanced personalized manufacturing technology that can accurately shape internal structures and external contours. In this study, the composite scaffolds of polylactic acid (PLA) and nano-hydroxyapatite (n-HA) were manufactured by the fused deposition modeling (FDM) technique. Equal mass PLA and n-HA were uniformly mixed to simulate the organic and inorganic phases of natural bone. The suitability of the composite scaffolds was evaluated by material characterization, mechanical property, and in vitro biocompatibility, and the osteogenesis induction in vitro was further tested. Finally, the printed scaffold was implanted into the rabbit femoral defect model to evaluate the osteogenic ability in vivo. The results showed that the composite scaffold had sufficient mechanical strength, appropriate pore size, and biocompatibility. Most importantly, the osteogenic induction performance of the composite scaffold was significantly better than that of the pure PLA scaffold. In conclusion, the PLA/n-HA scaffold is a promising composite biomaterial for bone defect repair and has excellent clinical transformation potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzhao Wang
- Orthopedic Research Institute, Department of Orthopedics, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University , Chengdu 610041 , China
| | - Boqing Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University , Chengdu 610064 , China
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University , Chengdu 610064 , China
| | - Lihong Zhao
- Orthopedic Research Institute, Department of Orthopedics, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University , Chengdu 610041 , China
| | - Mingxin Li
- Orthopedic Research Institute, Department of Orthopedics, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University , Chengdu 610041 , China
| | - Yanlong Han
- Department of Orthopedics, The People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region , Urumqi 830001 , China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region , Urumqi 830001 , China
| | - Zhengdong Zhang
- Orthopedic Research Institute, Department of Orthopedics, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University , Chengdu 610041 , China
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College , Chengdu , Sichuan , China
| | - Jun Li
- Orthopedic Research Institute, Department of Orthopedics, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University , Chengdu 610041 , China
| | - Changchun Zhou
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University , Chengdu 610064 , China
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University , Chengdu 610064 , China
| | - Lei Liu
- Orthopedic Research Institute, Department of Orthopedics, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University , Chengdu 610041 , China
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23
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Biagini G, Senegaglia AC, Pereira T, Berti LF, Marcon BH, Stimamiglio MA. 3D Poly(Lactic Acid) Scaffolds Promote Different Behaviors on Endothelial Progenitors and Adipose-Derived Stromal Cells in Comparison With Standard 2D Cultures. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:700862. [PMID: 34568295 PMCID: PMC8455839 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.700862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue engineering is a branch of regenerative medicine, which comprises the combination of biomaterials, cells and other bioactive molecules to regenerate tissues. Biomaterial scaffolds act as substrate and as physical support for cells and they can also reproduce the extracellular matrix cues. Although tissue engineering applications in cellular therapy tend to focus on the use of specialized cells from particular tissues or stem cells, little attention has been paid to endothelial progenitors, an important cell type in tissue regeneration. We combined 3D printed poly(lactic acid) scaffolds comprising two different pore sizes with human adipose-derived stromal cells (hASCs) and expanded CD133+ cells to evaluate how these two cell types respond to the different architectures. hASCs represent an ideal source of cells for tissue engineering applications due to their low immunogenicity, paracrine activity and ability to differentiate. Expanded CD133+ cells were isolated from umbilical cord blood and represent a source of endothelial-like cells with angiogenic potential. Fluorescence microscopy and scanning electron microscopy showed that both cell types were able to adhere to the scaffolds and maintain their characteristic morphologies. The porous PLA scaffolds stimulated cell cycle progression of hASCs but led to an arrest in the G1 phase and reduced proliferation of expanded CD133+ cells. Also, while hASCs maintained their undifferentiated profile after 7 days of culture on the scaffolds, expanded CD133+ cells presented a reduction of the von Willebrand factor (vWF), which affected the cells’ angiogenic potential. We did not observe changes in cell behavior for any of the parameters analyzed between the scaffolds with different pore sizes, but the 3D environment created by the scaffolds had different effects on the cell types tested. Unlike the extensively used mesenchymal stem cell types, the 3D PLA scaffolds led to opposite behaviors of the expanded CD133+ cells in terms of cytotoxicity, proliferation and immunophenotype. The results obtained reinforce the importance of studying how different cell types respond to 3D culture systems when considering the scaffold approach for tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuliana Biagini
- Laboratório de Biologia Básica de Células-Tronco, Instituto Carlos Chagas, Fiocruz Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | | | - Tarciso Pereira
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Post Graduate Program in Biomedical Engineering, Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Lucas Freitas Berti
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Post Graduate Program in Biomedical Engineering, Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Bruna Hilzendeger Marcon
- Laboratório de Biologia Básica de Células-Tronco, Instituto Carlos Chagas, Fiocruz Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Marco Augusto Stimamiglio
- Laboratório de Biologia Básica de Células-Tronco, Instituto Carlos Chagas, Fiocruz Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
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24
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Zheng J, Zhao H, Dong E, Kang J, Liu C, Sun C, Li D, Wang L. Additively-manufactured PEEK/HA porous scaffolds with highly-controllable mechanical properties and excellent biocompatibility. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 128:112333. [PMID: 34474884 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.112333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) was widely applied into fabricating of orthopaedic implants, benefitting its excellent biocompatibility and similar mechanical properties to native bones. However, the inertness of PEEK hinders its integration with the surrounding bone tissue. Here PEEK scaffolds with a series of hydroxyapatite (HA) contents in gradient were manufactured via fused filament fabrication (FFF) 3D printing techniques. The influence of the pore size, HA content and printing direction on the mechanical properties of the PEEK/HA scaffolds was systematically evaluated. By adjusting the pore size and HA contents, the elastic modulus of the PEEK/HA scaffolds can be widely tuned in the range of 624.7-50.6 MPa, similar to the variation range of natural cancellous bone. Meanwhile, the scaffolds exhibited higher Young's modulus and lower compressive strength along Z printing direction. The mapping relationship among geometric parameters, HA content, printing direction and mechanical properties was established, which gave more accurate predictions and controllability of the modulus and strength of scaffolds. The PEEK/HA scaffolds with the micro-structured surface could promote cell attachment and mineralization in vitro. Therefore, the FFF-printed PEEK/HA composites scaffolds can be a good candidate for bone grafting and tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jibao Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing System Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi, China
| | - Huiyu Zhao
- Academy of Orthopedics, Guangdong Province, Orthopaedic Hospital of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510665, People's Republic of China
| | - Enchun Dong
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing System Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi, China
| | | | - Chaozong Liu
- Institute of Orthopaedic & Musculoskeletal, University College London, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore HA7 4LP, UK
| | - Changning Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing System Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi, China
| | - Dichen Li
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing System Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Ling Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing System Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi, China.
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25
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Xu X, Gao J, Liu S, Chen L, Chen M, Yu X, Ma N, Zhang J, Chen X, Zhong L, Yu L, Xu L, Guo Q, Ding J. Magnetic resonance imaging for non-invasive clinical evaluation of normal and regenerated cartilage. Regen Biomater 2021; 8:rbab038. [PMID: 34408910 PMCID: PMC8369076 DOI: 10.1093/rb/rbab038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
With the development of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, it is much desired to establish bioimaging techniques to monitor the real-time regeneration efficacy in vivo in a non-invasive way. Herein, we tried magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to evaluate knee cartilage regeneration after implanting a biomaterial scaffold seeded with chondrocytes, namely, matrix-induced autologous chondrocyte implantation (MACI). After summary of the T2 mapping and the T1-related delayed gadolinium-enhanced MRI imaging of cartilage (dGEMRIC) in vitro and in vivo in the literature, these two MRI techniques were tried clinically. In this study, 18 patients were followed up for 1 year. It was found that there was a significant difference between the regeneration site and the neighboring normal site (control), and the difference gradually diminished with regeneration time up to 1 year according to both the quantitative T1 and T2 MRI methods. We further established the correlation between the quantitative evaluation of MRI and the clinical Lysholm scores for the first time. Hence, the MRI technique was confirmed to be a feasible semi-quantitative yet non-invasive way to evaluate the in vivo regeneration of knee articular cartilage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Xu
- Department of Radiology, The Second Medical Center & National Clinical Research Center of Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Jingming Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, No. 2005 Songhu Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Shuyun Liu
- Institute of Orthopedics, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma and War Injuries of PLA, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Institute for Medical Device Control, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, No. 31 Huatuo Road, Daxing District, Beijing 102629, China
| | - Min Chen
- Department of Radiology, The Second Medical Center & National Clinical Research Center of Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Xiaoye Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, No. 2005 Songhu Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Ning Ma
- Institute of Orthopedics, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma and War Injuries of PLA, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Radiology, The Second Medical Center & National Clinical Research Center of Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Xiaobin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, No. 2005 Songhu Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Lisen Zhong
- Department of Radiology, The Second Medical Center & National Clinical Research Center of Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Lin Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, No. 2005 Songhu Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Liming Xu
- Institute for Medical Device Control, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, No. 31 Huatuo Road, Daxing District, Beijing 102629, China
| | - Quanyi Guo
- Institute of Orthopedics, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma and War Injuries of PLA, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Jiandong Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, No. 2005 Songhu Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai 200438, China
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26
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Wang X, Lei X, Yu Y, Miao S, Tang J, Fu Y, Ye K, Shen Y, Shi J, Wu H, Zhu Y, Yu L, Pei G, Bi L, Ding J. Biological sealing and integration of a fibrinogen-modified titanium alloy with soft and hard tissues in a rat model. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:5192-5208. [PMID: 34159966 DOI: 10.1039/d1bm00762a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Percutaneous or transcutaneous devices are important and unique, and the corresponding biological sealing at the skin-implant interface is the key to their long-term success. Herein, we investigated the surface modification to enhance biological sealing, using a metal sheet and screw bonded by biomacromolecule fibrinogen mediated via pre-deposited synthetic macromolecule polydopamine (PDA) as a demonstration. We examined the effects of a Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy modified with fibrinogen (Ti-Fg), PDA (Ti-PDA) or their combination (Ti-PDA-Fg) on the biological sealing and integration with skin and bone tissues. Human epidermal keratinocytes (HaCaT), human foreskin fibroblasts (HFF) and preosteoblasts (MC3T3-E1), which are closely related to percutaneous implants, exhibited better adhesion and spreading on all the three modified sheets compared with the unmodified alloy. After three-week subcutaneous implantation in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats, the Ti-PDA-Fg sheets could significantly attenuate the soft tissue response and promote angiogenesis compared with other groups. Furthermore, in the model of percutaneous tibial implantation in SD rats, the Ti-PDA-Fg screws dramatically inhibited epithelial downgrowth and promoted new bone formation. Hence, the covalent immobilization of fibrinogen through the precoating of PDA is promising for enhanced biological sealing and osseointegration of metal implants with soft and hard tissues, which is critical for an orthopedic percutaneous medical device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuli Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China.
| | - Xing Lei
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China. and Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi 276000, China
| | - Yue Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China.
| | - Sheng Miao
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
| | - Jingyu Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China.
| | - Ye Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China.
| | - Kai Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China.
| | - Yang Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China.
| | - Jiayue Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China.
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
| | - Yi Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China.
| | - Lin Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China.
| | - Guoxian Pei
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China. and Southern University of Science and Technology Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Long Bi
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
| | - Jiandong Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China.
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27
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Duan R, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Wang Z, Du F, Du B, Su D, Liu L, Li X, Zhang Q. Blending with Poly(l-lactic acid) Improves the Printability of Poly(l-lactide- co-caprolactone) and Enhances the Potential Application in Cartilage Tissue Engineering. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:18300-18313. [PMID: 34308061 PMCID: PMC8296602 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c02190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Poly(l-lactide-co-caprolactone) (PLCL, 50:50) has been used in cartilage tissue engineering because of its high elasticity. However, its mechanical properties, including its rigidity and viscoelasticity, must be improved for compatibility with native cartilage. In this study, a set of PLCL/poly(l-lactic acid) (PLLA) blends was prepared by blending with different mass ratios of PLLA that range from 10 to 50%, using thermoplastic techniques. After testing the properties of these PLCL/PLLA blends, they were used to fabricate scaffolds by the 3D printing technology. The structures and viscoelastic behavior of the PLCL/PLLA scaffolds were determined, and then, the potential application of the scaffolds in cartilage tissue engineering was evaluated by chondrocytes culture. All blends demonstrate good thermal stability for the 3D printing technology. All blends show good toughness, while the rigidity of PLCL is increased through PLLA blending, and Young's modulus of blends with 10-20% PLLA is similar to that of native cartilage. Furthermore, blending with PLLA improves the processability of PLCL for 3D printing, and the compression modulus and viscoelasticity of 3D-printed PLCL/PLLA scaffolds are different from that of PLCL. Additionally, the stress relaxation time (t 1/2) of the PLCL/PLLA scaffolds, which is important for chondrogenesis, is dramatically shortened compared with the pure PLCL scaffold at the same 3D-printing filling rate. Consistently, the PLCL90PLLA10 scaffold at a 70% filling rate with much shorter t 1/2 is more conducive to the proliferation and chondrogenesis of in vitro seeded chondrocytes accompanied by upregulated expression of SOX9 than the PLCL scaffold. Taken together, these results demonstrate that blending with PLLA improves the printability of PLCL and enhances its potential application, particularly PLCL/PLLA scaffolds with a low ratio of PLLA, in cartilage tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiping Duan
- The
Key Laboratory of Biomedical Material of Tianjin, Biomedical Barriers
Research Center, Chinese Academy of Medical
Sciences & Peking Union Medical College Institute of Biomedical
Engineering, 236 Baidi Road, NanKai District, Tianjin 300192, P.R. China
| | - Yimeng Wang
- The
Key Laboratory of Biomedical Material of Tianjin, Biomedical Barriers
Research Center, Chinese Academy of Medical
Sciences & Peking Union Medical College Institute of Biomedical
Engineering, 236 Baidi Road, NanKai District, Tianjin 300192, P.R. China
| | - Yiyun Zhang
- The
Key Laboratory of Biomedical Material of Tianjin, Biomedical Barriers
Research Center, Chinese Academy of Medical
Sciences & Peking Union Medical College Institute of Biomedical
Engineering, 236 Baidi Road, NanKai District, Tianjin 300192, P.R. China
| | - Ziqiang Wang
- The
Key Laboratory of Biomedical Material of Tianjin, Biomedical Barriers
Research Center, Chinese Academy of Medical
Sciences & Peking Union Medical College Institute of Biomedical
Engineering, 236 Baidi Road, NanKai District, Tianjin 300192, P.R. China
| | - Fuchong Du
- The
Key Laboratory of Biomedical Material of Tianjin, Biomedical Barriers
Research Center, Chinese Academy of Medical
Sciences & Peking Union Medical College Institute of Biomedical
Engineering, 236 Baidi Road, NanKai District, Tianjin 300192, P.R. China
| | - Bo Du
- The
Key Laboratory of Biomedical Material of Tianjin, Biomedical Barriers
Research Center, Chinese Academy of Medical
Sciences & Peking Union Medical College Institute of Biomedical
Engineering, 236 Baidi Road, NanKai District, Tianjin 300192, P.R. China
| | - Danning Su
- The
Key Laboratory of Biomedical Material of Tianjin, Biomedical Barriers
Research Center, Chinese Academy of Medical
Sciences & Peking Union Medical College Institute of Biomedical
Engineering, 236 Baidi Road, NanKai District, Tianjin 300192, P.R. China
| | - Lingrong Liu
- The
Key Laboratory of Biomedical Material of Tianjin, Biomedical Barriers
Research Center, Chinese Academy of Medical
Sciences & Peking Union Medical College Institute of Biomedical
Engineering, 236 Baidi Road, NanKai District, Tianjin 300192, P.R. China
| | - Xuemin Li
- The
Key Laboratory of Biomedical Material of Tianjin, Biomedical Barriers
Research Center, Chinese Academy of Medical
Sciences & Peking Union Medical College Institute of Biomedical
Engineering, 236 Baidi Road, NanKai District, Tianjin 300192, P.R. China
| | - Qiqing Zhang
- The
Key Laboratory of Biomedical Material of Tianjin, Biomedical Barriers
Research Center, Chinese Academy of Medical
Sciences & Peking Union Medical College Institute of Biomedical
Engineering, 236 Baidi Road, NanKai District, Tianjin 300192, P.R. China
- Institute
of Biomedical Engineering, the Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University (Shenzhen People’s Hospital), Shenzhen 518020, Guangdong, P.R. China
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28
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Fabrication of 3D-Printed Interpenetrating Hydrogel Scaffolds for Promoting Chondrogenic Differentiation. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13132146. [PMID: 34209853 DOI: 10.3390/polym13132146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The limited self-healing ability of cartilage necessitates the application of alternative tissue engineering strategies for repairing the damaged tissue and restoring its normal function. Compared to conventional tissue engineering strategies, three-dimensional (3D) printing offers a greater potential for developing tissue-engineered scaffolds. Herein, we prepared a novel photocrosslinked printable cartilage ink comprising of polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEGDA), gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA), and chondroitin sulfate methacrylate (CSMA). The PEGDA-GelMA-CSMA scaffolds possessed favorable compressive elastic modulus and degradation rate. In vitro experiments showed good adhesion, proliferation, and F-actin and chondrogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) on the scaffolds. When the CSMA concentration was increased, the compressive elastic modulus, GAG production, and expression of F-actin and cartilage-specific genes (COL2, ACAN, SOX9, PRG4) were significantly improved while the osteogenic marker genes of COL1 and ALP were decreased. The findings of the study indicate that the 3D-printed PEGDA-GelMA-CSMA scaffolds possessed not only adequate mechanical strength but also maintained a suitable 3D microenvironment for differentiation, proliferation, and extracellular matrix production of BMSCs, which suggested this customizable 3D-printed PEGDA-GelMA-CSMA scaffold may have great potential for cartilage repair and regeneration in vivo.
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29
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Bouyer M, Garot C, Machillot P, Vollaire J, Fitzpatrick V, Morand S, Boutonnat J, Josserand V, Bettega G, Picart C. 3D-printed scaffold combined to 2D osteoinductive coatings to repair a critical-size mandibular bone defect. Mater Today Bio 2021; 11:100113. [PMID: 34124641 PMCID: PMC8173095 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2021.100113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The reconstruction of large bone defects (12 cm3) remains a challenge for clinicians. We developed a new critical-size mandibular bone defect model on a minipig, close to human clinical issues. We analyzed the bone reconstruction obtained by a 3D-printed scaffold made of clinical-grade polylactic acid (PLA), coated with a polyelectrolyte film delivering an osteogenic bioactive molecule (BMP-2). We compared the results (computed tomography scans, microcomputed tomography scans, histology) to the gold standard solution, bone autograft. We demonstrated that the dose of BMP-2 delivered from the scaffold significantly influenced the amount of regenerated bone and the repair kinetics, with a clear BMP-2 dose-dependence. Bone was homogeneously formed inside the scaffold without ectopic bone formation. The bone repair was as good as for the bone autograft. The BMP-2 doses applied in our study were reduced 20- to 75-fold compared to the commercial collagen sponges used in the current clinical applications, without any adverse effects. Three-dimensional printed PLA scaffolds loaded with reduced doses of BMP-2 may be a safe and simple solution for large bone defects faced in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Bouyer
- CEA, CNRS, Université de Grenoble Alpes, ERL5000 BRM, IRIG Institute, 17 Rue des Martyrs, F-38054, Grenoble, France
- CNRS and Grenoble Institute of Engineering, UMR5628, LMGP, 3 Parvis Louis Néel, F-38016, Grenoble, France
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Institut Albert Bonniot, F-38000, Grenoble, France
- Clinique Générale d’Annecy, 4 Chemin de la Tour la Reine, 74000, Annecy, France
| | - C. Garot
- CEA, CNRS, Université de Grenoble Alpes, ERL5000 BRM, IRIG Institute, 17 Rue des Martyrs, F-38054, Grenoble, France
- CNRS and Grenoble Institute of Engineering, UMR5628, LMGP, 3 Parvis Louis Néel, F-38016, Grenoble, France
| | - P. Machillot
- CEA, CNRS, Université de Grenoble Alpes, ERL5000 BRM, IRIG Institute, 17 Rue des Martyrs, F-38054, Grenoble, France
- CNRS and Grenoble Institute of Engineering, UMR5628, LMGP, 3 Parvis Louis Néel, F-38016, Grenoble, France
| | - J. Vollaire
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Institut Albert Bonniot, F-38000, Grenoble, France
- INSERM U1209, Institut Albert Bonniot, F-38000, Grenoble, France
| | - V. Fitzpatrick
- CNRS and Grenoble Institute of Engineering, UMR5628, LMGP, 3 Parvis Louis Néel, F-38016, Grenoble, France
| | - S. Morand
- CEA, CNRS, Université de Grenoble Alpes, ERL5000 BRM, IRIG Institute, 17 Rue des Martyrs, F-38054, Grenoble, France
- CNRS and Grenoble Institute of Engineering, UMR5628, LMGP, 3 Parvis Louis Néel, F-38016, Grenoble, France
- Service de Chirurgie Maxillo-faciale, Centre Hospitalier Annecy Genevois, 1 Avenue de l'hôpital, 74370, Epagny Metz-Tessy, France
| | - J. Boutonnat
- Unité Médico-technique d’Histologie Cytologie Expérimentale, Faculté de Médecine, Université Joseph Fourier, 38700, La Tronche, France
- Département d’Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologique, Institut de Biologie et de Pathologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Grenoble, France
| | - V. Josserand
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Institut Albert Bonniot, F-38000, Grenoble, France
- INSERM U1209, Institut Albert Bonniot, F-38000, Grenoble, France
| | - G. Bettega
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Institut Albert Bonniot, F-38000, Grenoble, France
- INSERM U1209, Institut Albert Bonniot, F-38000, Grenoble, France
- Service de Chirurgie Maxillo-faciale, Centre Hospitalier Annecy Genevois, 1 Avenue de l'hôpital, 74370, Epagny Metz-Tessy, France
- Corresponding author.
| | - C. Picart
- CEA, CNRS, Université de Grenoble Alpes, ERL5000 BRM, IRIG Institute, 17 Rue des Martyrs, F-38054, Grenoble, France
- CNRS and Grenoble Institute of Engineering, UMR5628, LMGP, 3 Parvis Louis Néel, F-38016, Grenoble, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, 1 Rue Descartes, 75231, Paris Cedex 05, France
- Corresponding author.
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Yao X, Wang X, Ding J. Exploration of possible cell chirality using material techniques of surface patterning. Acta Biomater 2021; 126:92-108. [PMID: 33684535 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.02.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Consistent left-right (LR) asymmetry or chirality is critical for embryonic development and function maintenance. While chirality on either molecular or organism level has been well established, that on the cellular level has remained an open question for a long time. Although it remains unclear whether chirality exists universally on the cellular level, valuable efforts have recently been made to explore this fundamental topic pertinent to both cell biology and biomaterial science. The development of material fabrication techniques, surface patterning, in particular, has afforded a unique platform to study cell-material interactions. By using patterning techniques, chirality on the cellular level has been examined for cell clusters and single cells in vitro in well-designed experiments. In this review, we first introduce typical fabrication techniques of surface patterning suitable for cell studies and then summarize the main aspects of preliminary evidence of cell chirality on patterned surfaces to date. We finally indicate the limitations of the studies conducted thus far and describe the perspectives of future research in this challenging field. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: While both biomacromolecules and organisms can exhibit chirality, it is not yet conclusive whether a cell has left-right (LR) asymmetry. It is important yet challenging to study and reveal the possible existence of cell chirality. By using the technique of surface patterning, the recent decade has witnessed progress in the exploration of possible cell chirality within cell clusters and single cells. Herein, some important preliminary evidence of cell chirality is collected and analyzed. The open questions and perspectives are also described to promote further investigations of cell chirality in biomaterials.
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Biodegradable polymeric occluder for closure of atrial septal defect with interventional treatment of cardiovascular disease. Biomaterials 2021; 274:120851. [PMID: 33965798 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.120851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The next-generation closure device for interventional treatment of congenital heart disease is regarded to be biodegradable, yet the corresponding biomaterial technique is still challenging. Herein, we report the first fully biodegradable atrial septal defect (ASD) occluder finally coming into clinical use, which is made of biodegradable poly(l-lactic acid) (PLLA). We characterized the physico-chemical properties of PLLA fibers as well as the raw polymer and the operability of the as-fabricated occluders. Cell behaviors on material were observed, and in vivo fiber degradation and inflammatory responses were examined. ASD models in piglets were created, and 44 PLLA ASD occluders were implanted via catheter successfully. After 36 months, the PLLA ASD occluders almost degraded without any complications. The mechanical properties and thickness between newborn and normal atrial septum showed no significant difference. We further accomplished the first clinical implantation of the PLLA ASD occluder in a four-year boy, and the two-year follow-up up to date preliminarily indicated safety and feasibility of such new-generation fully biodegradable occluder made of synthetic polymers.
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Gao J, Ding X, Yu X, Chen X, Zhang X, Cui S, Shi J, Chen J, Yu L, Chen S, Ding J. Cell-Free Bilayered Porous Scaffolds for Osteochondral Regeneration Fabricated by Continuous 3D-Printing Using Nascent Physical Hydrogel as Ink. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2001404. [PMID: 33225617 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202001404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cartilage is difficult to self-repair and it is more challenging to repair an osteochondral defects concerning both cartilage and subchondral bone. Herein, it is hypothesized that a bilayered porous scaffold composed of a biomimetic gelatin hydrogel may, despite no external seeding cells, induce osteochondral regeneration in vivo after being implanted into mammal joints. This idea is confirmed based on the successful continuous 3D-printing of the bilayered scaffolds combined with the sol-gel transition of the aqueous solution of a gelatin derivative (physical gelation) and photocrosslinking of the gelatin methacryloyl (gelMA) macromonomers (chemical gelation). At the direct printing step, a nascent physical hydrogel is extruded, taking advantage of non-Newtonian and thermoresponsive rheological properties of this 3D-printing ink. In particular, a series of crosslinked gelMA (GelMA) and GelMA-hydroxyapatite bilayered hydrogel scaffolds are fabricated to evaluate the influence of the spacing of 3D-printed filaments on osteochondral regeneration in a rabbit model. The moderately spaced scaffolds output excellent regeneration of cartilage with cartilaginous lacunae and formation of subchondral bone. Thus, tricky rheological behaviors of soft matter can be employed to improve 3D-printing, and the bilayered hybrid scaffold resulting from the continuous 3D-printing is promising as a biomaterial to regenerate articular cartilage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingming Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers Department of Macromolecular Science Fudan University Shanghai 200438 China
| | - Xiaoquan Ding
- Center of Sports Medicine Department of Sports Medicine Huashan Hospital and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers Fudan University Shanghai 200040 China
| | - Xiaoye Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers Department of Macromolecular Science Fudan University Shanghai 200438 China
| | - Xiaobin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers Department of Macromolecular Science Fudan University Shanghai 200438 China
| | - Xingyu Zhang
- Center of Sports Medicine Department of Sports Medicine Huashan Hospital and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers Fudan University Shanghai 200040 China
| | - Shuquan Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers Department of Macromolecular Science Fudan University Shanghai 200438 China
| | - Jiayue Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers Department of Macromolecular Science Fudan University Shanghai 200438 China
| | - Jun Chen
- Center of Sports Medicine Department of Sports Medicine Huashan Hospital and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers Fudan University Shanghai 200040 China
| | - Lin Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers Department of Macromolecular Science Fudan University Shanghai 200438 China
| | - Shiyi Chen
- Center of Sports Medicine Department of Sports Medicine Huashan Hospital and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers Fudan University Shanghai 200040 China
| | - Jiandong Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers Department of Macromolecular Science Fudan University Shanghai 200438 China
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Garot C, Bettega G, Picart C. Additive Manufacturing of Material Scaffolds for Bone Regeneration: Toward Application in the Clinics. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2021; 31:2006967. [PMID: 33531885 PMCID: PMC7116655 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.202006967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Additive manufacturing (AM) allows the fabrication of customized bone scaffolds in terms of shape, pore size, material type and mechanical properties. Combined with the possibility to obtain a precise 3D image of the bone defects using computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging, it is now possible to manufacture implants for patient-specific bone regeneration. This paper reviews the state-of-the-art of the different materials and AM techniques used for the fabrication of 3D-printed scaffolds in the field of bone tissue engineering. Their advantages and drawbacks are highlighted. For materials, specific criteria, were extracted from a literature study: biomimetism to native bone, mechanical properties, biodegradability, ability to be imaged (implantation and follow-up period), histological performances and sterilization process. AM techniques can be classified in three major categories: extrusion-based, powder-based and liquid-base. Their price, ease of use and space requirement are analyzed. Different combinations of materials/AM techniques appear to be the most relevant depending on the targeted clinical applications (implantation site, presence of mechanical constraints, temporary or permanent implant). Finally, some barriers impeding the translation to human clinics are identified, notably the sterilization process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Garot
- CEA, Université de Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, ERL 5000, IRIG Institute, 17 rue des Martyrs, F-38054, Grenoble, France
- CNRS and Grenoble Institute of Engineering, UMR 5628, LMGP, 3 parvis Louis Néel F-38016 Grenoble, France
| | - Georges Bettega
- Service de chirurgie maxillo-faciale, Centre Hospitalier Annecy-Genevois, 1 avenue de l’hôpital, F-74370 Epagny Metz-Tessy, France
- INSERM U1209, Institut Albert Bonniot, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Catherine Picart
- CEA, Université de Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, ERL 5000, IRIG Institute, 17 rue des Martyrs, F-38054, Grenoble, France
- CNRS and Grenoble Institute of Engineering, UMR 5628, LMGP, 3 parvis Louis Néel F-38016 Grenoble, France
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Pepelnjak T, Karimi A, Maček A, Mole N. Altering the Elastic Properties of 3D Printed Poly-Lactic Acid (PLA) Parts by Compressive Cyclic Loading. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13194456. [PMID: 33050058 PMCID: PMC7579378 DOI: 10.3390/ma13194456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Revised: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In designing high-performance, lightweight components, cellular structures are one of the approaches to be considered. The present study aimed to analyze the effect of the infill line distance of 3D printed circular samples on their compressive elastic behavior. Lightweight cellular poly-lactic acid (PLA) samples with a triangular infill pattern were exposed to cyclic compressive loading and their stiffness was investigated. PLA is one of the most commonly used thermoplastic materials in additive manufacturing using the fused filament fabrication (FFF) process. Cylindrical samples with a diameter of 11.42 mm and a height of 10 mm were printed using FFF technology with two different infill line distances (1.6 mm and 2.4 mm). Comparing the nominal compressive stress-nominal strain curves under cyclic loading showed that the first cycle response was significantly different with respect to the subsequent ones. Furthermore, an analysis of the dependence of the modulus of elasticity on the effects of cyclic loading was performed. It was found that through elastic deformation, and combined elastic and plastic deformation, the samples' properties such as stiffness could be altered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomaž Pepelnjak
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 6, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (T.P.); (A.M.)
| | - Ako Karimi
- Kolektor Etra d.o.o., Šlandrova ulica 10, SI-1231 Ljubljana—Črnuče, Slovenia;
| | - Andraž Maček
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 6, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (T.P.); (A.M.)
| | - Nikolaj Mole
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 6, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (T.P.); (A.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +386-1-4771-425
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He Y, Mao T, Gu Y, Yang Y, Ding J. A simplified yet enhanced and versatile microfluidic platform for cyclic cell stretching on an elastic polymer. Biofabrication 2020; 12:045032. [DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/abb295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Li X, Zhang W, Lin W, Qiu H, Qi Y, Ma X, Qi H, He Y, Zhang H, Qian J, Zhang G, Gao R, Zhang D, Ding J. Long-Term Efficacy of Biodegradable Metal-Polymer Composite Stents After the First and the Second Implantations into Porcine Coronary Arteries. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:15703-15715. [PMID: 32159942 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c00971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A biodegradable coronary stent is expected to eliminate the adverse events of an otherwise eternally implanting material after vessel remodeling. Both biocorrodible metals and biodegradable polymers have been tried as the matrix of the new-generation stent. Herein, we utilized a metal-polymer composite material to combine the advantages of the high mechanical strength of metals and the adjustable degradation rate of polymers to prepare the biodegradable stent. After coating polylactide (PLA) on the surface of iron, the degradation of iron was accelerated significantly owing to the decrease of local pH resulting from the hydrolysis of PLA, etc. We implanted the metal-polymer composite stent (MPS) into the porcine artery and examined its degradation in vivo, with the corresponding metal-based stent (MBS) as a control. Microcomputed tomography (micro-CT), coronary angiography (CA), and optical coherence tomography (OCT) were performed to observe the stents and vessels during the animal experiments. The MPS exhibited faster degradation than MBS, and the inflammatory response of MPS was acceptable 12 months after implantation. Additionally, we implanted another MPS after 1-year implantation of the first MPS to investigate the result of the MPS in the second implantation. The feasibility of the biodegradable MPS in second implantation in mammals was also confirmed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Wanqian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
- R&D Center, Lifetech Scientific (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518057, China
- R&D Center, Biotyx Medical (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518109, China
| | - Wenjiao Lin
- R&D Center, Lifetech Scientific (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518057, China
- R&D Center, Biotyx Medical (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518109, China
| | - Hong Qiu
- Department of Cardiology, Fu Wai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Yongli Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Xun Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Haiping Qi
- R&D Center, Lifetech Scientific (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518057, China
- R&D Center, Biotyx Medical (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518109, China
| | - Yao He
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Hongjie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Jie Qian
- Department of Cardiology, Fu Wai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Gui Zhang
- R&D Center, Lifetech Scientific (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518057, China
- R&D Center, Biotyx Medical (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518109, China
| | - Runlin Gao
- Department of Cardiology, Fu Wai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Deyuan Zhang
- R&D Center, Lifetech Scientific (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518057, China
- R&D Center, Biotyx Medical (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518109, China
| | - Jiandong Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
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Zhou M, Hou J, Zhang G, Luo C, Zeng Y, Mou S, Xiao P, Zhong A, Yuan Q, Yang J, Wang Z, Sun J. Tuning the mechanics of 3D-printed scaffolds by crystal lattice-like structural design for breast tissue engineering. Biofabrication 2019; 12:015023. [DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ab52ea] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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38
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Conde-González A, Dutta D, Wallace R, Callanan A, Bradley M. Rapid fabrication and screening of tailored functional 3D biomaterials. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 108:110489. [PMID: 31923957 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.110489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 11/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Three dimensional synthetic polymer scaffolds have remarkable chemical and mechanical tunability in addition to biocompatibility. However, the chemical and physical space is vast in view of the number of variables that can be altered e.g. chemical composition, porosity, pore size and mechanical properties to name but a few. Here, we report the development of an array of 3D polymer scaffolds, whereby the physical and chemical properties of the polymer substrates were controlled, characterized in parallel (e.g. micro-CT scanning of 24 samples) and biological properties screened. This approach allowed the screening of 48 different polymer scaffolds constructed in situ by means of freeze-casting and photo-polymerisation with the tunable composition and 3D architecture of the polymer scaffolds facilitating the identification of optimal 3D biomaterials. As a proof of concept, the array approach was used to identify 3D polymers that were capable of supporting cell growth while controlling their behaviour. Sitting alongside classical polymer microarray technology, this novel platform reduces the gap between the identification of a biomaterial in 2D and its subsequent 3D application.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Deepanjalee Dutta
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, UK
| | - Robert Wallace
- Orthopaedics and Trauma, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Anthony Callanan
- School of Engineering, Institute for Bioengineering, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3DW, UK
| | - Mark Bradley
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, UK.
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Fan C, Ling Y, Deng W, Xue J, Sun P, Wang DA. A novel cell encapsulatable cryogel (CECG) with macro-porous structures and high permeability: a three-dimensional cell culture scaffold for enhanced cell adhesion and proliferation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 14:055006. [PMID: 31269472 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ab2efd] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogel scaffold is a popular cell delivery vehicle in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine due to its capability to encapsulate cells as well as its modifiable properties. However, the inherent submicron- or nano-sized polymer networks of conventional hydrogel will produce spatial constraints on cellular activities of encapsulated cells. In this study, we endeavor to develop an innovative cell encapsulatable cryogel (CECG) platform with interconnected macro-pores, by combining cell cryopreservation technique with cryogel preparation process. The hyaluronan (HA) CECG constructs are fabricated under the freezing conditions via UV photo-crosslinking of the HA methacrylate (HA-MA) that are dissolved in the 'freezing solvent', namely the phosphate buffered saline supplemented with dimethyl sulphoxide and fetal bovine serum. Two model cell types, chondrocytes and human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs), can be uniformly three-dimensionally encapsulated into HA CECG constructs with high cell viability, respectively. The macro-porous structures, generated from phase separation under freezing, endow HA CECG constructs with higher permeability and more living space for cell growth. The chondrocytes encapsulated in HA CECG possess enhanced proliferation and extracellular matrix secretion than those in conventional HA hydrogels. In addition, the HA-Gel CECG constructs, fabricated with HA-MA and gelatin methacrylate precursors, provide cell-adhesive interfaces to facilitate hMSCs attachment and proliferation. The results of this work may lay the foundation for us to explore the applications of the CECG-based scaffolds in the field of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changjiang Fan
- Institute for Translational Medicine, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266021, People's Republic of China
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