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Bartolf-Kopp M, Jungst T. The Past, Present, and Future of Tubular Melt Electrowritten Constructs to Mimic Small Diameter Blood Vessels - A Stable Process? Adv Healthc Mater 2024:e2400426. [PMID: 38607966 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202400426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Melt Electrowriting (MEW) is a continuously growing manufacturing platform. Its advantage is the consistent production of micro- to nanometer fibers, that stack intricately, forming complex geometrical shapes. MEW allows tuning of the mechanical properties of constructs via the geometry of deposited fibers. Due to this, MEW can create complex mechanics only seen in multi-material compounds and serve as guiding structures for cellular alignment. The advantage of MEW is also shown in combination with other biotechnological manufacturing methods to create multilayered constructs that increase mechanical approximation to native tissues, biocompatibility, and cellular response. These features make MEW constructs a perfect candidate for small-diameter vascular graft structures. Recently, studies have presented fascinating results in this regard, but is this truly the direction that tubular MEW will follow or are there also other options on the horizon? This perspective will explore the origins and developments of tubular MEW and present its growing importance in the field of artificial small-diameter vascular grafts with mechanical modulation and improved biomimicry and the impact of it in convergence with other manufacturing methods and how future technologies like AI may influence its progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Bartolf-Kopp
- Department for Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry, Institute of Biofabrication and Functional Materials, University of Würzburg and KeyLab Polymers for Medicine of the Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI), Würzburg, Germany
| | - Tomasz Jungst
- Department for Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry, Institute of Biofabrication and Functional Materials, University of Würzburg and KeyLab Polymers for Medicine of the Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI), Würzburg, Germany
- Department of Orthopedics, Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
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2
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Pien N, Di Francesco D, Copes F, Bartolf-Kopp M, Chausse V, Meeremans M, Pegueroles M, Jüngst T, De Schauwer C, Boccafoschi F, Dubruel P, Van Vlierberghe S, Mantovani D. Polymeric reinforcements for cellularized collagen-based vascular wall models: influence of the scaffold architecture on the mechanical and biological properties. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1285565. [PMID: 38053846 PMCID: PMC10694796 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1285565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A previously developed cellularized collagen-based vascular wall model showed promising results in mimicking the biological properties of a native vessel but lacked appropriate mechanical properties. In this work, we aim to improve this collagen-based model by reinforcing it using a tubular polymeric (reinforcement) scaffold. The polymeric reinforcements were fabricated exploiting commercial poly (ε-caprolactone) (PCL), a polymer already used to fabricate other FDA-approved and commercially available devices serving medical applications, through 1) solution electrospinning (SES), 2) 3D printing (3DP) and 3) melt electrowriting (MEW). The non-reinforced cellularized collagen-based model was used as a reference (COL). The effect of the scaffold's architecture on the resulting mechanical and biological properties of the reinforced collagen-based model were evaluated. SEM imaging showed the differences in scaffolds' architecture (fiber alignment, fiber diameter and pore size) at both the micro- and the macrolevel. The polymeric scaffold led to significantly improved mechanical properties for the reinforced collagen-based model (initial elastic moduli of 382.05 ± 132.01 kPa, 100.59 ± 31.15 kPa and 245.78 ± 33.54 kPa, respectively for SES, 3DP and MEW at day 7 of maturation) compared to the non-reinforced collagen-based model (16.63 ± 5.69 kPa). Moreover, on day 7, the developed collagen gels showed stresses (for strains between 20% and 55%) in the range of [5-15] kPa for COL, [80-350] kPa for SES, [20-70] kPa for 3DP and [100-190] kPa for MEW. In addition to the effect on the resulting mechanical properties, the polymeric tubes' architecture influenced cell behavior, in terms of proliferation and attachment, along with collagen gel compaction and extracellular matrix protein expression. The MEW reinforcement resulted in a collagen gel compaction similar to the COL reference, whereas 3DP and SES led to thinner and longer collagen gels. Overall, it can be concluded that 1) the selected processing technique influences the scaffolds' architecture, which in turn influences the resulting mechanical and biological properties, and 2) the incorporation of a polymeric reinforcement leads to mechanical properties closely matching those of native arteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nele Pien
- Laboratory for Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Canada Research Chair Tier I for the Innovation in Surgery, Department of Min-Met-Materials Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, CHU de Quebec Research Center, Laval University, Quebec City, QC, Canada
- Polymer Chemistry and Biomaterials Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Translational Physiology, Infectiology and Public Health, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Dalila Di Francesco
- Laboratory for Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Canada Research Chair Tier I for the Innovation in Surgery, Department of Min-Met-Materials Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, CHU de Quebec Research Center, Laval University, Quebec City, QC, Canada
- Laboratory of Human Anatomy, Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale “A. Avogadro”, Novara, Italy
| | - Francesco Copes
- Laboratory for Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Canada Research Chair Tier I for the Innovation in Surgery, Department of Min-Met-Materials Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, CHU de Quebec Research Center, Laval University, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Michael Bartolf-Kopp
- Department of Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry, Institute of Biofabrication and Functional Materials, University of Würzburg and KeyLab Polymers for Medicine of the Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI), Würzburg, Germany
| | - Victor Chausse
- Biomaterials, Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marguerite Meeremans
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Translational Physiology, Infectiology and Public Health, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Marta Pegueroles
- Biomaterials, Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Tomasz Jüngst
- Department of Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry, Institute of Biofabrication and Functional Materials, University of Würzburg and KeyLab Polymers for Medicine of the Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI), Würzburg, Germany
| | - Catharina De Schauwer
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Translational Physiology, Infectiology and Public Health, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Francesca Boccafoschi
- Laboratory of Human Anatomy, Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale “A. Avogadro”, Novara, Italy
| | - Peter Dubruel
- Polymer Chemistry and Biomaterials Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sandra Van Vlierberghe
- Polymer Chemistry and Biomaterials Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Diego Mantovani
- Laboratory for Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Canada Research Chair Tier I for the Innovation in Surgery, Department of Min-Met-Materials Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, CHU de Quebec Research Center, Laval University, Quebec City, QC, Canada
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3
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Ibrahim DM, Fomina A, Bouten CVC, Smits AIPM. Functional regeneration at the blood-biomaterial interface. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 201:115085. [PMID: 37690484 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.115085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
The use of cardiovascular implants is commonplace in clinical practice. However, reproducing the key bioactive and adaptive properties of native cardiovascular tissues with an artificial replacement is highly challenging. Exciting new treatment strategies are under development to regenerate (parts of) cardiovascular tissues directly in situ using immunomodulatory biomaterials. Direct exposure to the bloodstream and hemodynamic loads is a particular challenge, given the risk of thrombosis and adverse remodeling that it brings. However, the blood is also a source of (immune) cells and proteins that dominantly contribute to functional tissue regeneration. This review explores the potential of the blood as a source for the complete or partial in situ regeneration of cardiovascular tissues, with a particular focus on the endothelium, being the natural blood-tissue barrier. We pinpoint the current scientific challenges to enable rational engineering and testing of blood-contacting implants to leverage the regenerative potential of the blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina M Ibrahim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands; Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands.
| | - Aleksandra Fomina
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands; Graduate School of Life Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - Carlijn V C Bouten
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands; Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands.
| | - Anthal I P M Smits
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands; Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands.
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4
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Di Francesco D, Pigliafreddo A, Casarella S, Di Nunno L, Mantovani D, Boccafoschi F. Biological Materials for Tissue-Engineered Vascular Grafts: Overview of Recent Advancements. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1389. [PMID: 37759789 PMCID: PMC10526356 DOI: 10.3390/biom13091389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The clinical demand for tissue-engineered vascular grafts is still rising, and there are many challenges that need to be overcome, in particular, to obtain functional small-diameter grafts. The many advances made in cell culture, biomaterials, manufacturing techniques, and tissue engineering methods have led to various promising solutions for vascular graft production, with available options able to recapitulate both biological and mechanical properties of native blood vessels. Due to the rising interest in materials with bioactive potentials, materials from natural sources have also recently gained more attention for vascular tissue engineering, and new strategies have been developed to solve the disadvantages related to their use. In this review, the progress made in tissue-engineered vascular graft production is discussed. We highlight, in particular, the use of natural materials as scaffolds for vascular tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalila Di Francesco
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale “A. Avogadro”, 28100 Novara, Italy; (D.D.F.); (S.C.); (L.D.N.)
- Laboratory for Biomaterials and Bioengineering, CRC-I, Department of Min-Met-Materials Engineering, University Hospital Research Center, Regenerative Medicine, Laval University, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada;
| | - Alexa Pigliafreddo
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale “A. Avogadro”, 28100 Novara, Italy; (D.D.F.); (S.C.); (L.D.N.)
| | - Simona Casarella
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale “A. Avogadro”, 28100 Novara, Italy; (D.D.F.); (S.C.); (L.D.N.)
| | - Luca Di Nunno
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale “A. Avogadro”, 28100 Novara, Italy; (D.D.F.); (S.C.); (L.D.N.)
| | - Diego Mantovani
- Laboratory for Biomaterials and Bioengineering, CRC-I, Department of Min-Met-Materials Engineering, University Hospital Research Center, Regenerative Medicine, Laval University, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada;
| | - Francesca Boccafoschi
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale “A. Avogadro”, 28100 Novara, Italy; (D.D.F.); (S.C.); (L.D.N.)
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5
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Stougiannou TM, Christodoulou KC, Georgakarakos E, Mikroulis D, Karangelis D. Promising Novel Therapies in the Treatment of Aortic and Visceral Aneurysms. J Clin Med 2023; 12:5878. [PMID: 37762818 PMCID: PMC10531975 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12185878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Aortic and visceral aneurysms affect large arterial vessels, including the thoracic and abdominal aorta, as well as visceral arterial branches, such as the splenic, hepatic, and mesenteric arteries, respectively. Although these clinical entities have not been equally researched, it seems that they might share certain common pathophysiological changes and molecular mechanisms. The yet limited published data, with regard to newly designed, novel therapies, could serve as a nidus for the evaluation and potential implementation of such treatments in large artery aneurysms. In both animal models and clinical trials, various novel treatments have been employed in an attempt to not only reduce the complications of the already implemented modalities, through manufacturing of more durable materials, but also to regenerate or replace affected tissues themselves. Cellular populations like stem and differentiated vascular cell types, large diameter tissue-engineered vascular grafts (TEVGs), and various molecules and biological factors that might target aspects of the pathophysiological process, including cell-adhesion stabilizers, metalloproteinase inhibitors, and miRNAs, could potentially contribute significantly to the treatment of these types of aneurysms. In this narrative review, we sought to collect and present relevant evidence in the literature, in an effort to unveil promising biological therapies, possibly applicable to the treatment of aortic aneurysms, both thoracic and abdominal, as well as visceral aneurysms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodora M. Stougiannou
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Dragana, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece; (K.C.C.); (E.G.); (D.M.); (D.K.)
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6
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Fernández-Pérez J, van Kampen KA, Mota C, Baker M, Moroni L. Flexible, Suturable, and Leak-free Scaffolds for Vascular Tissue Engineering Using Melt Spinning. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2023; 9:5006-5014. [PMID: 37490420 PMCID: PMC10428091 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c00535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Coronary artery disease affects millions worldwide. Bypass surgery remains the gold standard; however, autologous tissue is not always available. Hence, the need for an off-the-shelf graft to treat these patients remains extremely high. Using melt spinning, we describe here the fabrication of tubular scaffolds composed of microfibers aligned in the circumferential orientation mimicking the organized extracellular matrix in the tunica media of arteries. By variation of the translational extruder speed, the angle between fibers ranged from 0 to ∼30°. Scaffolds with the highest angle showed the best performance in a three-point bending test. These constructs could be bent up to 160% strain without kinking or breakage. Furthermore, when liquid was passed through the scaffolds, no leakage was observed. Suturing of native arteries was successful. Mesenchymal stromal cells were seeded on the scaffolds and differentiated into vascular smooth muscle-like cells (vSMCs) by reduction of serum and addition of transforming growth factor beta 1 and ascorbic acid. The scaffolds with a higher angle between fibers showed increased expression of vSMC markers alpha smooth muscle actin, calponin, and smooth muscle protein 22-alpha, whereas a decrease in collagen 1 expression was observed, indicating a positive contractile phenotype. Endothelial cells were seeded on the repopulated scaffolds and formed a tightly packed monolayer on the luminal side. Our study shows a one-step fabrication for ECM-mimicking scaffolds with good handleability, leak-free property, and suturability; the excellent biocompatibility allowed the growth of a bilayered construct. Future work will explore the possibility of using these scaffolds as vascular conduits in in vivo settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Fernández-Pérez
- Department of Complex Tissue
Regeneration, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative
Medicine, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40, 6229ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Kenny A. van Kampen
- Department of Complex Tissue
Regeneration, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative
Medicine, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40, 6229ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Carlos Mota
- Department of Complex Tissue
Regeneration, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative
Medicine, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40, 6229ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Matthew Baker
- Department of Complex Tissue
Regeneration, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative
Medicine, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40, 6229ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Lorenzo Moroni
- Department of Complex Tissue
Regeneration, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative
Medicine, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40, 6229ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
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7
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Ainsworth MJ, Chirico N, de Ruijter M, Hrynevich A, Dokter I, Sluijter JPG, Malda J, van Mil A, Castilho M. Convergence of melt electrowriting and extrusion-based bioprinting for vascular patterning of a myocardial construct. Biofabrication 2023; 15:035025. [PMID: 37343567 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ace07f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
To progress cardiac tissue engineering strategies closer to the clinic, thicker constructs are required to meet the functional need following a cardiac event. Consequently, pre-vascularization of these constructs needs to be investigated to ensure survival and optimal performance of implantable engineered heart tissue. The aim of this research is to investigate the potential of combining extrusion-based bioprinting (EBB) and melt electrowriting for the fabrication of a myocardial construct with a precisely patterned pre-vascular pathway. Gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) was investigated as a base hydrogel for the respective myocardial and vascular bioinks with collagen, Matrigel and fibrinogen as interpenetrating polymers to support myocardial functionality. Subsequently, extrusion-based printability and viability were investigated to determine the optimal processing parameters for printing into melt electrowritten meshes. Finally, an anatomically inspired vascular pathway was implemented in a dual EBB set-up into melt electrowritten meshes, creating a patterned pre-vascularized myocardial construct. It was determined that a blend of 5% GelMA and 0.8 mg·ml-1collagen with a low crosslinked density was optimal for myocardial cellular arrangement and alignment within the constructs. For the vascular fraction, the optimized formulation consisted of 5% GelMA, 0.8 mg·ml-1collagen and 1 mg·ml-1fibrinogen with a higher crosslinked density, which led to enhanced vascular cell connectivity. Printability assessment confirmed that the optimized bioinks could effectively fill the microfiber mesh while supporting cell viability (∼70%). Finally, the two bioinks were applied using a dual EBB system for the fabrication of a pre-vascular pathway with the shape of a left anterior descending artery within a myocardial construct, whereby the distinct cell populations could be visualized in their respective patterns up to D14. This research investigated the first step towards developing a thick engineered cardiac tissue construct in which a pre-vascularization pathway is fabricated within a myocardial construct.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madison Jade Ainsworth
- Department of Orthopedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Nino Chirico
- Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Cardiology, Experimental Cardiology Laboratory, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Circulatory Health Research Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Mylène de Ruijter
- Department of Orthopedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Andrei Hrynevich
- Department of Orthopedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Inge Dokter
- Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Cardiology, Experimental Cardiology Laboratory, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Circulatory Health Research Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Joost P G Sluijter
- Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Cardiology, Experimental Cardiology Laboratory, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Circulatory Health Research Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jos Malda
- Department of Orthopedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Alain van Mil
- Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Cardiology, Experimental Cardiology Laboratory, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Circulatory Health Research Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Miguel Castilho
- Department of Orthopedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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8
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Guo S, Jiang Y, Jiao J, Shi Y, Zhu T, Li L. Electrospun gelatin-based biomimetic scaffold with spatially aligned and three-layer architectures for vascular tissue engineering. Int J Biol Macromol 2023:125039. [PMID: 37224900 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The spatial cellular alignment and multi-layer structure are vitally important for the physiological functions of natural blood vessels. However, the two features are difficult to be constructed in one scaffold simultaneously, especially in the small-diameter vascular scaffold. Here we report a general strategy to construct a gelatin-based biomimetic three-layer vascular scaffold with spatial alignment features mimicking the natural structure of blood vessels. By using a sequential electrospinning strategy combined with folding and rolling manipulation, a three-layer vascular scaffold with inner and middle layers spatially perpendicular to each other was obtained. The special features of this scaffold could fully mimic the natural multi-layer structures of blood vessels and also possess great potential for spatial arrangement guidance of corresponding cells in blood vessels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanzhu Guo
- College of Materials and Metallurgy, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China
| | - Yue Jiang
- College of Materials and Metallurgy, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China
| | - Jingjing Jiao
- College of Materials and Metallurgy, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China
| | - Yan Shi
- College of Materials and Metallurgy, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China
| | - Tao Zhu
- College of Materials and Metallurgy, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China.
| | - Long Li
- College of Materials and Metallurgy, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China.
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9
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Lee DY, Jang Y, Kim E, Li T, Kim SJ. Tissue-engineered vascular graft based on a bioresorbable tubular knit scaffold with flexibility, durability, and suturability for implantation. J Mater Chem B 2023; 11:1108-1114. [PMID: 36629739 DOI: 10.1039/d2tb01891h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The tissue-engineered vascular graft (TEVG) is a technology used to recreate a blood vessel by using vascular cells (endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells) and their scaffolds, and is a promising approach as a clinically feasible alternative for small-diameter blood vessel replacement. Since mechanical damage occurs during/after implantation, it needs flexibility and durability to withstand the mechanical damage to be applied. To achieve this, we applied a bioresorbable polyglycolic acid (PGA) fiber-knitted tubular scaffold for vascular endothelial and smooth muscle cell layers. Similar to the native rat aorta, the knitted tubular scaffold (130 μm-thick PGA fiber) exhibited mechanical performance at 150 mN for up to 40% strain for axial stress and at 90 mN for up to 5% strain for circumferential stress. After co-culturing, a vascular barrier comprised of an inner layer of endothelial cells and an outer layer of smooth muscle cells between tubular knits was observed. Up to 93.6% of the co-cultured cells were retained even after bending 50 times, and the suturability to flow liquid without any leakage in various shapes, such as an L-shape or a Y-shape, was acceptable. Taken together, these results support that the PGA tubular knit plays multifunctional roles, such as a porous three-dimensional matrix to attach and grow the vascular cells, and as a flexible and durable scaffold for the suture. Therefore, we suggest that the bioresorbable PGA tubular knit scaffold is a promising scaffold for TEVGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Yeop Lee
- Center for Self-Powered Actuation, Department of Electronic Engineering, Hanyang university, Seoul 04763, Korea.
| | - Yongwoo Jang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Hanyang university, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Eunyoung Kim
- Center for Self-Powered Actuation, Department of Electronic Engineering, Hanyang university, Seoul 04763, Korea.
| | - Tao Li
- Center for Self-Powered Actuation, Department of Electronic Engineering, Hanyang university, Seoul 04763, Korea.
| | - Seon Jeong Kim
- Center for Self-Powered Actuation, Department of Electronic Engineering, Hanyang university, Seoul 04763, Korea.
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10
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Daghrery A, de Souza Araújo IJ, Castilho M, Malda J, Bottino MC. Unveiling the potential of melt electrowriting in regenerative dental medicine. Acta Biomater 2023; 156:88-109. [PMID: 35026478 PMCID: PMC11046422 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
For nearly three decades, tissue engineering strategies have been leveraged to devise effective therapeutics for dental, oral, and craniofacial (DOC) regenerative medicine and treat permanent deformities caused by many debilitating health conditions. In this regard, additive manufacturing (AM) allows the fabrication of personalized scaffolds that have the potential to recapitulate native tissue morphology and biomechanics through the utilization of several 3D printing techniques. Among these, melt electrowriting (MEW) is a versatile direct electrowriting process that permits the development of well-organized fibrous constructs with fiber resolutions ranging from micron to nanoscale. Indeed, MEW offers great prospects for the fabrication of scaffolds mimicking tissue specificity, healthy and pathophysiological microenvironments, personalized multi-scale transitions, and functional interfaces for tissue regeneration in medicine and dentistry. Excitingly, recent work has demonstrated the potential of converging MEW with other AM technologies and/or cell-laden scaffold fabrication (bioprinting) as a favorable route to overcome some of the limitations of MEW for DOC tissue regeneration. In particular, such convergency fabrication strategy has opened great promise in terms of supporting multi-tissue compartmentalization and predetermined cell commitment. In this review, we offer a critical appraisal on the latest advances in MEW and its convergence with other biofabrication technologies for DOC tissue regeneration. We first present the engineering principles of MEW and the most relevant design aspects for transition from flat to more anatomically relevant 3D structures while printing highly-ordered constructs. Secondly, we provide a thorough assessment of contemporary achievements using MEW scaffolds to study and guide soft and hard tissue regeneration, and draw a parallel on how to extrapolate proven concepts for applications in DOC tissue regeneration. Finally, we offer a combined engineering/clinical perspective on the fabrication of hierarchically organized MEW scaffold architectures and the future translational potential of site-specific, single-step scaffold fabrication to address tissue and tissue interfaces in dental, oral, and craniofacial regenerative medicine. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Melt electrowriting (MEW) techniques can further replicate the complexity of native tissues and could be the foundation for novel personalized (defect-specific) and tissue-specific clinical approaches in regenerative dental medicine. This work presents a unique perspective on how MEW has been translated towards the application of highly-ordered personalized multi-scale and functional interfaces for tissue regeneration, targeting the transition from flat to anatomically-relevant three-dimensional structures. Furthermore, we address the value of convergence of biofabrication technologies to overcome the traditional manufacturing limitations provided by multi-tissue complexity. Taken together, this work offers abundant engineering and clinical perspectives on the fabrication of hierarchically MEW architectures aiming towards site-specific implants to address complex tissue damage in regenerative dental medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arwa Daghrery
- Department of Cardiology, Restorative Sciences, and Endodontics, University of Michigan, School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States; Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Isaac J de Souza Araújo
- Department of Cardiology, Restorative Sciences, and Endodontics, University of Michigan, School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | - Miguel Castilho
- Regenerative Medicine Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Orthopedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Jos Malda
- Regenerative Medicine Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Orthopedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - Marco C Bottino
- Department of Cardiology, Restorative Sciences, and Endodontics, University of Michigan, School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States.
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11
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Meijer EM, Koch SE, van Dijk CGM, Maas RGC, Chrifi I, Szymczyk W, Besseling PJ, Pomp L, Koomen VJCH, Buikema JW, Bouten CVC, Verhaar MC, Smits AIPM, Cheng C. 3D Human iPSC Blood Vessel Organoids as a Source of Flow-Adaptive Vascular Cells for Creating a Human-Relevant 3D-Scaffold Based Macrovessel Model. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2023; 7:e2200137. [PMID: 36300913 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202200137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
3D-scaffold based in vitro human tissue models accelerate disease studies and screening of pharmaceutics while improving the clinical translation of findings. Here is reported the use of human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived vascular organoid cells as a new cell source for the creation of an electrospun polycaprolactone-bisurea (PCL-BU) 3D-scaffold-based, perfused human macrovessel model. A separation protocol is developed to obtain monocultures of organoid-derived endothelial cells (ODECs) and mural cells (ODMCs) from hiPSC vascular organoids. Shear stress responses of ODECs versus HUVECs and barrier function (by trans endothelial electrical resistance) are measured. PCL-BU scaffolds are seeded with ODECs and ODMCs, and tissue organization and flow adaptation are evaluated in a perfused bioreactor system. ODECs and ODMCs harvested from vascular organoids can be cryopreserved and expanded without loss of cell purity and proliferative capacity. ODECs are shear stress responsive and establish a functional barrier that self-restores after the thrombin challenge. Static bioreactor culture of ODECs/ODMCs seeded scaffolds results in a biomimetic vascular bi-layer hierarchy, which is preserved under laminar flow similar to scaffolds seeded with primary vascular cells. HiPSC-derived vascular organoids can be used as a source of functional, flow-adaptive vascular cells for the creation of 3D-scaffold based human macrovascular models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elana M Meijer
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Division of Internal Medicine and Dermatology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Suzanne E Koch
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5612AZ, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, 5612AZ, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Christian G M van Dijk
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Division of Internal Medicine and Dermatology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Renee G C Maas
- Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ihsan Chrifi
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Division of Internal Medicine and Dermatology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Wojciech Szymczyk
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5612AZ, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Paul J Besseling
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Division of Internal Medicine and Dermatology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Lisa Pomp
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5612AZ, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Vera J C H Koomen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5612AZ, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Willem Buikema
- Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Carlijn V C Bouten
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5612AZ, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, 5612AZ, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Marianne C Verhaar
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Division of Internal Medicine and Dermatology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Anthal I P M Smits
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5612AZ, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, 5612AZ, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Caroline Cheng
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Division of Internal Medicine and Dermatology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Thoraxcenter Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015GD, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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12
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Davis-Hall D, Thomas E, Peña B, Magin CM. 3D-bioprinted, phototunable hydrogel models for studying adventitial fibroblast activation in pulmonary arterial hypertension. Biofabrication 2022; 15:10.1088/1758-5090/aca8cf. [PMID: 36533728 PMCID: PMC9933849 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/aca8cf] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a progressive disease of the lung vasculature, characterized by elevated pulmonary blood pressure, remodeling of the pulmonary arteries, and ultimately right ventricular failure. Therapeutic interventions for PAH are limited in part by the lack ofin vitroscreening platforms that accurately reproduce dynamic arterial wall mechanical properties. Here we present a 3D-bioprinted model of the pulmonary arterial adventitia comprised of a phototunable poly(ethylene glycol) alpha methacrylate (PEG-αMA)-based hydrogel and primary human pulmonary artery adventitia fibroblasts (HPAAFs). This unique biomaterial emulates PAH pathogenesisin vitrothrough a two-step polymerization reaction. First, PEG-αMA macromer was crosslinked off-stoichiometry by 3D bioprinting an acidic bioink solution into a basic gelatin support bath initiating a base-catalyzed thiol-ene reaction with synthetic and biodegradable crosslinkers. Then, matrix stiffening was induced by photoinitiated homopolymerization of unreacted αMA end groups. A design of experiments approach produced a hydrogel platform that exhibited an initial elastic modulus (E) within the range of healthy pulmonary arterial tissue (E= 4.7 ± 0.09 kPa) that was stiffened to the pathologic range of hypertensive tissue (E= 12.8 ± 0.47 kPa) and supported cellular proliferation over time. A higher percentage of HPAAFs cultured in stiffened hydrogels expressed the fibrotic marker alpha-smooth muscle actin than cells in soft hydrogels (88 ± 2% versus 65 ± 4%). Likewise, a greater percentage of HPAAFs were positive for the proliferation marker 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU) in stiffened models (66 ± 6%) compared to soft (39 ± 6%). These results demonstrate that 3D-bioprinted, phototunable models of pulmonary artery adventitia are a tool that enable investigation of fibrotic pathogenesisin vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duncan Davis-Hall
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Colorado Denver | Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States of America
| | - Emily Thomas
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - Brisa Peña
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Colorado Denver | Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States of America
- CU-Cardiovascular Institute, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States of America
| | - Chelsea M Magin
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Colorado Denver | Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States of America
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States of America
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13
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van Kampen KA, Fernández-Pérez J, Baker M, Mota C, Moroni L. Fabrication of a mimetic vascular graft using melt spinning with tailorable fiber parameters. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2022; 139:212972. [PMID: 35882129 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2022.212972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Smooth muscle cells play a pivotal role in maintaining blood pressure and remodeling of the extracellular matrix. These cells have a characteristic spindle shape and are aligned in the radial direction to aid in the constriction of any artery. Tissue engineered grafts have the potential to recreate this alignment and offer a viable alternative to non-resorbable or autologous grafts. Specifically, with melt spinning small diameter fibers can be created that can align circumferentially on the scaffolds. In this study, a set of simplified equations were formulated to predict the final fiber parameters. Smooth muscle cell alignment was monitored on the fabricated scaffolds. Finally, a co-culture of smooth muscle cells in direct contact with endothelial cells was performed to assess the influence of the smooth muscle cell alignment on the morphology of the endothelial cells. The results show that the equations were able to accurately predict the fiber diameter, distance and angle. Primary vascular smooth muscle cells aligned according to the fiber direction mimicking the native orientation. The co-culture with endothelial cells showed that the aligned smooth muscle cells did not have an influence on the morphology of the endothelial cells. In conclusion, we formulated a series of equations that can predict the fiber parameters during melt spinning. Furthermore, the method described here can create a vascular graft with smooth muscle cells aligned circumferentially that morphologically mimics the native orientation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenny A van Kampen
- Department of Complex Tissue Regeneration, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40, 6229ER Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Julia Fernández-Pérez
- Department of Complex Tissue Regeneration, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40, 6229ER Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Matthew Baker
- Department of Complex Tissue Regeneration, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40, 6229ER Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Carlos Mota
- Department of Complex Tissue Regeneration, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40, 6229ER Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Lorenzo Moroni
- Department of Complex Tissue Regeneration, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40, 6229ER Maastricht, the Netherlands.
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14
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A Review of Properties of Nanocellulose, Its Synthesis, and Potential in Biomedical Applications. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12147090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Cellulose is the most venerable and essential natural polymer on the planet and is drawing greater attention in the form of nanocellulose, considered an innovative and influential material in the biomedical field. Because of its exceptional physicochemical characteristics, biodegradability, biocompatibility, and high mechanical strength, nanocellulose attracts considerable scientific attention. Plants, algae, and microorganisms are some of the familiar sources of nanocellulose and are usually grouped as cellulose nanocrystal (CNC), cellulose nanofibril (CNF), and bacterial nanocellulose (BNC). The current review briefly highlights nanocellulose classification and its attractive properties. Further functionalization or chemical modifications enhance the effectiveness and biodegradability of nanocellulose. Nanocellulose-based composites, printing methods, and their potential applications in the biomedical field have also been introduced herein. Finally, the study is summarized with future prospects and challenges associated with the nanocellulose-based materials to promote studies resolving the current issues related to nanocellulose for tissue engineering applications.
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15
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Zizhou R, Wang X, Houshyar S. Review of Polymeric Biomimetic Small-Diameter Vascular Grafts to Tackle Intimal Hyperplasia. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:22125-22148. [PMID: 35811906 PMCID: PMC9260943 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c01740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Small-diameter artificial vascular grafts (SDAVG) are used to bypass blood flow in arterial occlusive diseases such as coronary heart or peripheral arterial disease. However, SDAVGs are plagued by restenosis after a short while due to thrombosis and the thickening of the neointimal wall known as intimal hyperplasia (IH). The specific causes of IH have not yet been deduced; however, thrombosis formation due to bioincompatibility as well as a mismatch between the biomechanical properties of the SDAVG and the native artery has been attributed to its initiation. The main challenges that have been faced in fabricating SDAVGs are facilitating rapid re-endothelialization of the luminal surface of the SDAVG and replicating the complex viscoelastic behavior of the arteries. Recent strategies to combat IH formation have been mostly based on imitating the natural structure and function of the native artery (biomimicry). Thus, most recently, developed grafts contain a multilayered structure with a designated function for each layer. This paper reviews the current polymeric, biomimetic SDAVGs in preventing the formation of IH. The materials used in fabrication, challenges, and strategies employed to tackle IH are summarized and discussed, and we focus on the multilayered structure of current SDAVGs. Additionally, the future aspects in this area are pointed out for researchers to consider in their endeavor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rumbidzai Zizhou
- Center
for Materials Innovation and Future Fashion (CMIFF), School of Fashion
and Textiles, RMIT University, Brunswick 3056, Australia
| | - Xin Wang
- Center
for Materials Innovation and Future Fashion (CMIFF), School of Fashion
and Textiles, RMIT University, Brunswick 3056, Australia
| | - Shadi Houshyar
- School
of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne 3000, Australia
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16
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Bouten CVC, Cheng C, Vermue IM, Gawlitta D, Passier R. Cardiovascular tissue engineering and regeneration: A plead for further knowledge convergence. Tissue Eng Part A 2022; 28:525-541. [PMID: 35382591 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2021.0231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular tissue engineering and regeneration strive to provide long-term, effective solutions for a growing group of patients in need of myocardial repair, vascular (access) grafts, heart valves, and regeneration of organ microcirculation. In the past two decades, ongoing convergence of disciplines and multidisciplinary collaborations between cardiothoracic surgeons, cardiologists, bioengineers, material scientists, and cell biologists have resulted in better understanding of the problems at hand and novel regenerative approaches. As a side effect, however, the field has become strongly organized and differentiated around topical areas at risk of reinvention of technologies and repetition of approaches and across the areas. A better integration of knowledge and technologies from the individual topical areas and regenerative approaches and technologies may pave the way towards faster and more effective treatments to cure the cardiovascular system. This review summarizes the evolution of research and regenerative approaches in the areas of myocardial regeneration, heart valve and vascular tissue engineering, and regeneration of microcirculations and discusses previous and potential future integration of these individual areas and developed technologies for improved clinical impact. Finally, it provides a perspective on the further integration of research organization, knowledge implementation, and valorization as a contributor to advancing cardiovascular tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlijn V C Bouten
- Soft Tissue Engineering and Mechanobiology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Caroline Cheng
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Thoraxcenter Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ijsbrand M Vermue
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Debby Gawlitta
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Prosthodontics and Special Dental Care, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Robert Passier
- Department of Applied Stem Cell Technologies, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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17
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Marei I, Abu Samaan T, Al-Quradaghi MA, Farah AA, Mahmud SH, Ding H, Triggle CR. 3D Tissue-Engineered Vascular Drug Screening Platforms: Promise and Considerations. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:847554. [PMID: 35310996 PMCID: PMC8931492 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.847554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the efforts devoted to drug discovery and development, the number of new drug approvals have been decreasing. Specifically, cardiovascular developments have been showing amongst the lowest levels of approvals. In addition, concerns over the adverse effects of drugs to the cardiovascular system have been increasing and resulting in failure at the preclinical level as well as withdrawal of drugs post-marketing. Besides factors such as the increased cost of clinical trials and increases in the requirements and the complexity of the regulatory processes, there is also a gap between the currently existing pre-clinical screening methods and the clinical studies in humans. This gap is mainly caused by the lack of complexity in the currently used 2D cell culture-based screening systems, which do not accurately reflect human physiological conditions. Cell-based drug screening is widely accepted and extensively used and can provide an initial indication of the drugs' therapeutic efficacy and potential cytotoxicity. However, in vitro cell-based evaluation could in many instances provide contradictory findings to the in vivo testing in animal models and clinical trials. This drawback is related to the failure of these 2D cell culture systems to recapitulate the human physiological microenvironment in which the cells reside. In the body, cells reside within a complex physiological setting, where they interact with and respond to neighboring cells, extracellular matrix, mechanical stress, blood shear stress, and many other factors. These factors in sum affect the cellular response and the specific pathways that regulate variable vital functions such as proliferation, apoptosis, and differentiation. Although pre-clinical in vivo animal models provide this level of complexity, cross species differences can also cause contradictory results from that seen when the drug enters clinical trials. Thus, there is a need to better mimic human physiological conditions in pre-clinical studies to improve the efficiency of drug screening. A novel approach is to develop 3D tissue engineered miniaturized constructs in vitro that are based on human cells. In this review, we discuss the factors that should be considered to produce a successful vascular construct that is derived from human cells and is both reliable and reproducible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isra Marei
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Isra Marei
| | - Tala Abu Samaan
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Asmaa A. Farah
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Hong Ding
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | - Chris R. Triggle
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar
- Chris R. Triggle
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18
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Viola M, Piluso S, Groll J, Vermonden T, Malda J, Castilho M. The Importance of Interfaces in Multi-Material Biofabricated Tissue Structures. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2101021. [PMID: 34510824 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202101021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Biofabrication exploits additive manufacturing techniques for creating 3D structures with a precise geometry that aim to mimic a physiological cellular environment and to develop the growth of native tissues. The most recent approaches of 3D biofabrication integrate multiple technologies into a single biofabrication platform combining different materials within different length scales to achieve improved construct functionality. However, the importance of interfaces between the different material phases, has not been adequately explored. This is known to determine material's interaction and ultimately mechanical and biological performance of biofabricated parts. In this review, this gap is bridged by critically examining the interface between different material phases in (bio)fabricated structures, with a particular focus on how interfacial interactions can compromise or define the mechanical (and biological) properties of the engineered structures. It is believed that the importance of interfacial properties between the different constituents of a composite material, deserves particular attention in its role in modulating the final characteristics of 3D tissue-like structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Viola
- Department of Orthopeadics University Medical Center Heidelberglaan 100 Utrecht 3508 GA The Netherlands
- Department of Pharmaceutics Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS) Faculty of Science Utrecht University Utrecht 3508 TB The Netherlands
| | - Susanna Piluso
- Department of Orthopeadics University Medical Center Heidelberglaan 100 Utrecht 3508 GA The Netherlands
| | - Jürgen Groll
- Department of Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry at the Institute of Functional Materials and Biofabrication and Bavarian Polymer Institute University of Würzburg Pleicherwall 2 D‐97070 Wurzburg Germany
| | - Tina Vermonden
- Department of Pharmaceutics Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS) Faculty of Science Utrecht University Utrecht 3508 TB The Netherlands
| | - Jos Malda
- Department of Orthopeadics University Medical Center Heidelberglaan 100 Utrecht 3508 GA The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Sciences Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Utrecht University Yalelaan 1 Utrecht 3584 CL The Netherlands
| | - Miguel Castilho
- Department of Orthopeadics University Medical Center Heidelberglaan 100 Utrecht 3508 GA The Netherlands
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Eindhoven University of Technology De Zaale Eindhoven 5600 MB The Netherlands
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19
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Devillard CD, Marquette CA. Vascular Tissue Engineering: Challenges and Requirements for an Ideal Large Scale Blood Vessel. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:721843. [PMID: 34671597 PMCID: PMC8522984 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.721843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the emergence of regenerative medicine and tissue engineering more than half a century ago, one obstacle has persisted: the in vitro creation of large-scale vascular tissue (>1 cm3) to meet the clinical needs of viable tissue grafts but also for biological research applications. Considerable advancements in biofabrication have been made since Weinberg and Bell, in 1986, created the first blood vessel from collagen, endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts. The synergistic combination of advances in fabrication methods, availability of cell source, biomaterials formulation and vascular tissue development, promises new strategies for the creation of autologous blood vessels, recapitulating biological functions, structural functions, but also the mechanical functions of a native blood vessel. In this review, the main technological advancements in bio-fabrication are discussed with a particular highlights on 3D bioprinting technologies. The choice of the main biomaterials and cell sources, the use of dynamic maturation systems such as bioreactors and the associated clinical trials will be detailed. The remaining challenges in this complex engineering field will finally be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloé D Devillard
- 3d.FAB, CNRS, INSA, Univ Lyon, CPE-Lyon, UMR5246, ICBMS, Université Lyon 1, Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Christophe A Marquette
- 3d.FAB, CNRS, INSA, Univ Lyon, CPE-Lyon, UMR5246, ICBMS, Université Lyon 1, Villeurbanne Cedex, France
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20
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Vermue IJM, Begum R, Castilho M, Rookmaaker MB, Masereeuw R, Bouten CVC, Verhaar MC, Cheng C. Renal Biology Driven Macro- and Microscale Design Strategies for Creating an Artificial Proximal Tubule Using Fiber-Based Technologies. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2021; 7:4679-4693. [PMID: 34490771 PMCID: PMC8512683 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c00408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Chronic kidney disease
affects one in six people worldwide. Due
to the scarcity of donor kidneys and the complications associated
with hemodialysis (HD), a cell-based bioartificial kidney (BAK) device
is desired. One of the shortcomings of HD is the lack of active transport
of solutes that would normally be performed by membrane transporters
in kidney epithelial cells. Specifically, proximal tubule (PT) epithelial
cells play a major role in the active transport of metabolic waste
products. Therefore, a BAK containing an artificial PT to actively
transport solutes between the blood and the filtrate could provide
major therapeutic advances. Creating such an artificial PT requires
a biocompatible tubular structure which supports the adhesion and
function of PT-specific epithelial cells. Ideally, this scaffold should
structurally replicate the natural PT basement membrane which consists
mainly of collagen fibers. Fiber-based technologies such as electrospinning
are therefore especially promising for PT scaffold manufacturing.
This review discusses the use of electrospinning technologies to generate
an artificial PT scaffold for ex vivo/in
vivo cellularization. We offer a comparison of currently
available electrospinning technologies and outline the desired scaffold
properties required to serve as a PT scaffold. Discussed also are
the potential technologies that may converge in the future, enabling
the effective and biomimetic incorporation of synthetic PTs in to
BAK devices and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- IJsbrand M Vermue
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Runa Begum
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Miguel Castilho
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5612 AZ Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten B Rookmaaker
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Rosalinde Masereeuw
- Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Carlijn V C Bouten
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5612 AZ Eindhoven, The Netherlands.,Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, 5612 AZ Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Marianne C Verhaar
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Caroline Cheng
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Thorax Center, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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21
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Pien N, Palladino S, Copes F, Candiani G, Dubruel P, Van Vlierberghe S, Mantovani D. Tubular bioartificial organs: From physiological requirements to fabrication processes and resulting properties. A critical review. Cells Tissues Organs 2021; 211:420-446. [PMID: 34433163 DOI: 10.1159/000519207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nele Pien
- Laboratory for Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Canada Research Chair Tier I for the Innovation in Surgery, Department of Min-Met-Materials Engineering & Regenerative Medicine, CHU de Quebec Research Center, Laval University, Quebec City, Québec, Canada
- Polymer Chemistry & Biomaterials Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sara Palladino
- Laboratory for Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Canada Research Chair Tier I for the Innovation in Surgery, Department of Min-Met-Materials Engineering & Regenerative Medicine, CHU de Quebec Research Center, Laval University, Quebec City, Québec, Canada
- GenT Lab, Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "G. Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Copes
- Laboratory for Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Canada Research Chair Tier I for the Innovation in Surgery, Department of Min-Met-Materials Engineering & Regenerative Medicine, CHU de Quebec Research Center, Laval University, Quebec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Gabriele Candiani
- GenT Lab, Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "G. Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Peter Dubruel
- Polymer Chemistry & Biomaterials Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sandra Van Vlierberghe
- Polymer Chemistry & Biomaterials Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Diego Mantovani
- Laboratory for Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Canada Research Chair Tier I for the Innovation in Surgery, Department of Min-Met-Materials Engineering & Regenerative Medicine, CHU de Quebec Research Center, Laval University, Quebec City, Québec, Canada
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22
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Advanced Multi-Dimensional Cellular Models as Emerging Reality to Reproduce In Vitro the Human Body Complexity. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22031195. [PMID: 33530487 PMCID: PMC7865724 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A hot topic in biomedical science is the implementation of more predictive in vitro models of human tissues to significantly improve the knowledge of physiological or pathological process, drugs discovery and screening. Bidimensional (2D) culture systems still represent good high-throughput options for basic research. Unfortunately, these systems are not able to recapitulate the in vivo three-dimensional (3D) environment of native tissues, resulting in a poor in vitro–in vivo translation. In addition, intra-species differences limited the use of animal data for predicting human responses, increasing in vivo preclinical failures and ethical concerns. Dealing with these challenges, in vitro 3D technological approaches were recently bioengineered as promising platforms able to closely capture the complexity of in vivo normal/pathological tissues. Potentially, such systems could resemble tissue-specific extracellular matrix (ECM), cell–cell and cell–ECM interactions and specific cell biological responses to mechanical and physical/chemical properties of the matrix. In this context, this review presents the state of the art of the most advanced progresses of the last years. A special attention to the emerging technologies for the development of human 3D disease-relevant and physiological models, varying from cell self-assembly (i.e., multicellular spheroids and organoids) to the use of biomaterials and microfluidic devices has been given.
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23
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Helms F, Lau S, Aper T, Zippusch S, Klingenberg M, Haverich A, Wilhelmi M, Böer U. A 3-Layered Bioartificial Blood Vessel with Physiological Wall Architecture Generated by Mechanical Stimulation. Ann Biomed Eng 2021; 49:2066-2079. [PMID: 33483842 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-021-02728-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The generation of cellularized bioartificial blood vessels resembling all three layers of the natural vessel wall with physiological morphology and cell alignment is a long pursued goal in vascular tissue engineering. Simultaneous culture of all three layers under physiological mechanical conditions requires highly sophisticated perfusion techniques and still today remains a key challenge. Here, three-layered bioartificial vessels based on fibrin matrices were generated using a stepwise molding technique. Adipose-derived stem cells (ASC) were differentiated to smooth muscle cells (SMC) and integrated in a compacted tubular fibrin matrix to resemble the tunica media. The tunica adventitia-equivalent containing human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and ASC in a low concentration fibrin matrix was molded around it. Luminal seeding with HUVEC resembled the tunica intima. Subsequently, constructs were exposed to physiological mechanical stimulation in a pulsatile bioreactor for 72 h. Compared to statically incubated controls, mechanical stimulation induced physiological cell alignment in each layer: Luminal endothelial cells showed longitudinal alignment, cells in the media-layer were aligned circumferentially and expressed characteristic SMC marker proteins. HUVEC in the adventitia-layer formed longitudinally aligned microvascular tubes resembling vasa vasorum capillaries. Thus, physiologically organized three-layered bioartificial vessels were successfully manufactured by stepwise fibrin molding with subsequent mechanical stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Helms
- Lower Saxony Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development (NIFE), Hannover Medical School, Stadtfelddamm 34, 30625, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Skadi Lau
- Lower Saxony Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development (NIFE), Hannover Medical School, Stadtfelddamm 34, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Thomas Aper
- Lower Saxony Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development (NIFE), Hannover Medical School, Stadtfelddamm 34, 30625, Hannover, Germany.,Division for Cardiothoracic-, Transplantation- and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Sarah Zippusch
- Lower Saxony Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development (NIFE), Hannover Medical School, Stadtfelddamm 34, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Melanie Klingenberg
- Lower Saxony Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development (NIFE), Hannover Medical School, Stadtfelddamm 34, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Axel Haverich
- Lower Saxony Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development (NIFE), Hannover Medical School, Stadtfelddamm 34, 30625, Hannover, Germany.,Division for Cardiothoracic-, Transplantation- and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Mathias Wilhelmi
- Lower Saxony Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development (NIFE), Hannover Medical School, Stadtfelddamm 34, 30625, Hannover, Germany.,Department of Vascular- and Endovascular Surgery, St. Bernward Hospital, Hildesheim, Germany
| | - Ulrike Böer
- Lower Saxony Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development (NIFE), Hannover Medical School, Stadtfelddamm 34, 30625, Hannover, Germany.,Division for Cardiothoracic-, Transplantation- and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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24
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van Genderen AM, Jansen K, Kristen M, van Duijn J, Li Y, Schuurmans CCL, Malda J, Vermonden T, Jansen J, Masereeuw R, Castilho M. Topographic Guidance in Melt-Electrowritten Tubular Scaffolds Enhances Engineered Kidney Tubule Performance. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 8:617364. [PMID: 33537294 PMCID: PMC7848123 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.617364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: To date, tubular tissue engineering relies on large, non-porous tubular scaffolds (Ø > 2 mm) for mechanical self-support, or smaller (Ø 150-500 μm) tubes within bulk hydrogels for studying renal transport phenomena. To advance the engineering of kidney tubules for future implantation, constructs should be both self-supportive and yet small-sized and highly porous. Here, we hypothesize that the fabrication of small-sized porous tubular scaffolds with a highly organized fibrous microstructure by means of melt-electrowriting (MEW) allows the development of self-supported kidney proximal tubules with enhanced properties. Materials and Methods: A custom-built melt-electrowriting (MEW) device was used to fabricate tubular fibrous scaffolds with small diameter sizes (Ø = 0.5, 1, 3 mm) and well-defined, porous microarchitectures (rhombus, square, and random). Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and human conditionally immortalized proximal tubular epithelial cells (ciPTEC) were seeded into the tubular scaffolds and tested for monolayer formation, integrity, and organization, as well as for extracellular matrix (ECM) production and renal transport functionality. Results: Tubular fibrous scaffolds were successfully manufactured by fine control of MEW instrument parameters. A minimum inner diameter of 1 mm and pore sizes of 0.2 mm were achieved and used for subsequent cell experiments. While HUVEC were unable to bridge the pores, ciPTEC formed tight monolayers in all scaffold microarchitectures tested. Well-defined rhombus-shaped pores outperformed and facilitated unidirectional cell orientation, increased collagen type IV deposition, and expression of the renal transporters and differentiation markers organic cation transporter 2 (OCT2) and P-glycoprotein (P-gp). Discussion and Conclusion: Here, we present smaller diameter engineered kidney tubules with microgeometry-directed cell functionality. Due to the well-organized tubular fiber scaffold microstructure, the tubes are mechanically self-supported, and the self-produced ECM constitutes the only barrier between the inner and outer compartment, facilitating rapid and active solute transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Metje van Genderen
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Katja Jansen
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Marleen Kristen
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Joost van Duijn
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Carl C L Schuurmans
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Division of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Jos Malda
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Tina Vermonden
- Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Division of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Jitske Jansen
- Department of Pathology and Pediatric Nephrology, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Rosalinde Masereeuw
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Miguel Castilho
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands
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25
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Kuhnt T, Camarero-Espinosa S. Additive manufacturing of nanocellulose based scaffolds for tissue engineering: Beyond a reinforcement filler. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 252:117159. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.117159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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26
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Kade JC, Dalton PD. Polymers for Melt Electrowriting. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2001232. [PMID: 32940962 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202001232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Melt electrowriting (MEW) is an emerging high-resolution additive manufacturing technique based on the electrohydrodynamic processing of polymers. MEW is predominantly used to fabricate scaffolds for biomedical applications, where the microscale fiber positioning has substantial implications in its macroscopic mechanical properties. This review gives an update on the increasing number of polymers processed via MEW and different commercial sources of the gold standard poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL). A description of MEW-processed polymers beyond PCL is introduced, including blends and coated fibers to provide specific advantages in biomedical applications. Furthermore, a perspective on printer designs and developments is highlighted, to keep expanding the variety of processable polymers for MEW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliane C. Kade
- Department of Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry Bavarian Polymer Institute University Clinic Würzburg Pleicherwall 2 97070 Würzburg Germany
| | - Paul D. Dalton
- Department of Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry Bavarian Polymer Institute University Clinic Würzburg Pleicherwall 2 97070 Würzburg Germany
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27
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Großhaus C, Bakirci E, Berthel M, Hrynevich A, Kade JC, Hochleitner G, Groll J, Dalton PD. Melt Electrospinning of Nanofibers from Medical-Grade Poly(ε-Caprolactone) with a Modified Nozzle. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e2003471. [PMID: 33048431 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202003471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Melt electrospun fibers, in general, have larger diameters than normally achieved with solution electrospinning. This study uses a modified nozzle to direct-write melt electrospun medical-grade poly(ε-caprolactone) onto a collector resulting in fibers with the smallest average diameter being 275 ± 86 nm under certain processing conditions. Within a flat-tipped nozzle is a small acupuncture needle positioned so that reduces the flow rate to ≈0.1 µL h-1 and has the sharp tip protruding beyond the nozzle, into the Taylor cone. The investigations indicate that 1-mm needle protrusion coupled with a heating temperature of 120 °C produce the most consistent, small diameter nanofibers. Using different protrusion distances for the acupuncture needle results in an unstable jet that deposited poor quality fibers that, in turn, affects the next adjacent path. The material quality is notably affected by the direct-writing speed, which became unstable above 10 mm min-1 . Coupled with a dual head printer, first melt electrospinning, then melt electrowriting could be performed in a single, automated process for the first time. Overall, the approach used here resulted in some of the smallest melt electrospun fibers reported to date and the smallest diameter fibers from a medical-grade degradable polymer using a melt processing technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Großhaus
- Department of Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry and Bavarian Polymer Institute, University Hospital of Würzburg, Pleicherwall 2, Würzburg, 97070, Germany
| | - Ezgi Bakirci
- Department of Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry and Bavarian Polymer Institute, University Hospital of Würzburg, Pleicherwall 2, Würzburg, 97070, Germany
| | - Marius Berthel
- Department of Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry and Bavarian Polymer Institute, University Hospital of Würzburg, Pleicherwall 2, Würzburg, 97070, Germany
| | - Andrei Hrynevich
- Department of Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry and Bavarian Polymer Institute, University Hospital of Würzburg, Pleicherwall 2, Würzburg, 97070, Germany
| | - Juliane C Kade
- Department of Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry and Bavarian Polymer Institute, University Hospital of Würzburg, Pleicherwall 2, Würzburg, 97070, Germany
| | - Gernot Hochleitner
- Department of Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry and Bavarian Polymer Institute, University Hospital of Würzburg, Pleicherwall 2, Würzburg, 97070, Germany
| | - Jürgen Groll
- Department of Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry and Bavarian Polymer Institute, University Hospital of Würzburg, Pleicherwall 2, Würzburg, 97070, Germany
| | - Paul D Dalton
- Department of Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry and Bavarian Polymer Institute, University Hospital of Würzburg, Pleicherwall 2, Würzburg, 97070, Germany
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28
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Chansoria P, Schuchard K, Shirwaiker RA. Process hybridization schemes for multiscale engineered tissue biofabrication. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 13:e1673. [PMID: 33084240 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Recapitulation of multiscale structure-function properties of cells, cell-secreted extracellular matrix, and 3D architecture of natural tissues is central to engineering biomimetic tissue substitutes. Toward achieving biomimicry, a variety of biofabrication processes have been developed, which can be broadly classified into five categories-fiber and fabric formation, additive manufacturing, surface modification, remote fields, and other notable processes-each with specific advantages and limitations. The majority of biofabrication literature has focused on using a single process at a time, which often limits the range of tissues that could be created with relevant features that span nano to macro scales. With multiscale biomimicry as the goal, development of hybrid biofabrication strategies that synergistically unite two or more processes to complement each other's strengths and limitations has been steadily increasing. This work discusses recent literature in this domain and attempts to equip the reader with the understanding of selecting appropriate processes that can harmonize toward creating engineered tissues with appropriate multiscale structure-function properties. Opportunities related to various hybridization schemes and a future outlook on scale-up biofabrication have also been discussed. This article is categorized under: Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Nanoscale Systems in Biology Implantable Materials and Surgical Technologies > Nanotechnology in Tissue Repair and Replacement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parth Chansoria
- Edward P. Fitts Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA.,Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Karl Schuchard
- Edward P. Fitts Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA.,Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Rohan A Shirwaiker
- Edward P. Fitts Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA.,Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA.,Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University and University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
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29
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Paxton NC, Lanaro M, Bo A, Crooks N, Ross MT, Green N, Tetsworth K, Allenby MC, Gu Y, Wong CS, Powell SK, Woodruff MA. Design tools for patient specific and highly controlled melt electrowritten scaffolds. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2020; 105:103695. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2020.103695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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30
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Werner M, Kurniawan NA, Bouten CVC. Cellular Geometry Sensing at Different Length Scales and its Implications for Scaffold Design. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 13:E963. [PMID: 32098110 PMCID: PMC7078773 DOI: 10.3390/ma13040963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Geometrical cues provided by the intrinsic architecture of tissues and implanted biomaterials have a high relevance in controlling cellular behavior. Knowledge of how cells sense and subsequently respond to complex geometrical cues of various sizes and origins is needed to understand the role of the architecture of the extracellular environment as a cell-instructive parameter. This is of particular interest in the field of tissue engineering, where the success of scaffold-guided tissue regeneration largely depends on the formation of new tissue in a native-like organization in order to ensure proper tissue function. A well-considered internal scaffold design (i.e., the inner architecture of the porous structure) can largely contribute to the desired cell and tissue organization. Advances in scaffold production techniques for tissue engineering purposes in the last years have provided the possibility to accurately create scaffolds with defined macroscale external and microscale internal architectures. Using the knowledge of how cells sense geometrical cues of different size ranges can drive the rational design of scaffolds that control cellular and tissue architecture. This concise review addresses the recently gained knowledge of the sensory mechanisms of cells towards geometrical cues of different sizes (from the nanometer to millimeter scale) and points out how this insight can contribute to informed architectural scaffold designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maike Werner
- Soft Tissue Engineering and Mechanobiology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5612 AP Eindhoven, The Netherlands; (M.W.); (C.V.C.B.)
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, 5612 AZ Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Nicholas A. Kurniawan
- Soft Tissue Engineering and Mechanobiology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5612 AP Eindhoven, The Netherlands; (M.W.); (C.V.C.B.)
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, 5612 AZ Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Carlijn V. C. Bouten
- Soft Tissue Engineering and Mechanobiology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5612 AP Eindhoven, The Netherlands; (M.W.); (C.V.C.B.)
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, 5612 AZ Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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