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Lai J, Liu Y, Lu G, Yung P, Wang X, Tuan RS, Li ZA. 4D bioprinting of programmed dynamic tissues. Bioact Mater 2024; 37:348-377. [PMID: 38694766 PMCID: PMC11061618 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2024.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Setting time as the fourth dimension, 4D printing allows us to construct dynamic structures that can change their shape, property, or functionality over time under stimuli, leading to a wave of innovations in various fields. Recently, 4D printing of smart biomaterials, biological components, and living cells into dynamic living 3D constructs with 4D effects has led to an exciting field of 4D bioprinting. 4D bioprinting has gained increasing attention and is being applied to create programmed and dynamic cell-laden constructs such as bone, cartilage, and vasculature. This review presents an overview on 4D bioprinting for engineering dynamic tissues and organs, followed by a discussion on the approaches, bioprinting technologies, smart biomaterials and smart design, bioink requirements, and applications. While much progress has been achieved, 4D bioprinting as a complex process is facing challenges that need to be addressed by transdisciplinary strategies to unleash the full potential of this advanced biofabrication technology. Finally, we present future perspectives on the rapidly evolving field of 4D bioprinting, in view of its potential, increasingly important roles in the development of advanced dynamic tissues for basic research, pharmaceutics, and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Lai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, NT, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Center for Neuromusculoskeletal Restorative Medicine, Hong Kong Science Park, NT, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yuwei Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, NT, Hong Kong SAR, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Gang Lu
- Center for Neuromusculoskeletal Restorative Medicine, Hong Kong Science Park, NT, Hong Kong SAR, China
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, NT, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Patrick Yung
- Center for Neuromusculoskeletal Restorative Medicine, Hong Kong Science Park, NT, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, NT, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xiaoying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp & Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Rocky S. Tuan
- Center for Neuromusculoskeletal Restorative Medicine, Hong Kong Science Park, NT, Hong Kong SAR, China
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, NT, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, NT, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, NT, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Zhong Alan Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, NT, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Center for Neuromusculoskeletal Restorative Medicine, Hong Kong Science Park, NT, Hong Kong SAR, China
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, NT, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
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Yuan X, Zhu W, Yang Z, He N, Chen F, Han X, Zhou K. Recent Advances in 3D Printing of Smart Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering and Regeneration. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2403641. [PMID: 38861754 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202403641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
The repair and functional reconstruction of bone defects resulting from severe trauma, surgical resection, degenerative disease, and congenital malformation pose significant clinical challenges. Bone tissue engineering (BTE) holds immense potential in treating these severe bone defects, without incurring prevalent complications associated with conventional autologous or allogeneic bone grafts. 3D printing technology enables control over architectural structures at multiple length scales and has been extensively employed to process biomimetic scaffolds for BTE. In contrast to inert and functional bone grafts, next-generation smart scaffolds possess a remarkable ability to mimic the dynamic nature of native extracellular matrix (ECM), thereby facilitating bone repair and regeneration. Additionally, they can generate tailored and controllable therapeutic effects, such as antibacterial or antitumor properties, in response to exogenous and/or endogenous stimuli. This review provides a comprehensive assessment of the progress of 3D-printed smart scaffolds for BTE applications. It begins with an introduction to bone physiology, followed by an overview of 3D printing technologies utilized for smart scaffolds. Notable advances in various stimuli-responsive strategies, therapeutic efficacy, and applications of 3D-printed smart scaffolds are discussed. Finally, the review highlights the existing challenges in the development and clinical implementation of smart scaffolds, as well as emerging technologies in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Yuan
- National Engineering Research Centre for High Efficiency Grinding, College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Wei Zhu
- National Engineering Research Centre for High Efficiency Grinding, College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Zhongyuan Yang
- National Engineering Research Centre for High Efficiency Grinding, College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Ning He
- National Engineering Research Centre for High Efficiency Grinding, College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Feng Chen
- National Engineering Research Centre for High Efficiency Grinding, College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Han
- National Engineering Research Centre for High Efficiency Grinding, College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Kun Zhou
- Singapore Centre for 3D Printing, School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
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Liu M, Liu B, Liu Z, Yang Z, Webster TJ, Zhou H, Yang L. High Strength and Shape Memory Spinal Fusion Device for Minimally Invasive Interbody Fusions. Int J Nanomedicine 2024; 19:5109-5123. [PMID: 38846643 PMCID: PMC11155384 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s460339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Lumbar interbody fusion is widely employed for both acute and chronic spinal diseases interventions. However, large incision created during interbody cage implantation may adversely impair spinal tissue and influence postoperative recovery. The aim of this study was to design a shape memory interbody fusion device suitable for small incision implantation. Methods In this study, we designed and fabricated an intervertebral fusion cage that utilizes near-infrared (NIR) light-responsive shape memory characteristics. This cage was composed of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether, polyether amine D-230, decylamine and iron oxide nanoparticles. A self-hardening calcium phosphate-starch cement (CSC) was injected internally through the injection channel of the cage for healing outcome improvement. Results The size of the interbody cage is reduced from 22 mm to 8.8 mm to minimize the incision size. Subsequent NIR light irradiation prompted a swift recovery of the cage shape within 5 min at the lesion site. The biocompatibility of the shape memory composite was validated through in vitro MC3T3-E1 cell (osteoblast-like cells) adhesion and proliferation assays and subcutaneous implantation experiments in rats. CSC was injected into the cage, and the relevant results revealed that CSC is uniformly dispersed within the internal space, along with the cage compressive strength increasing from 12 to 20 MPa. Conclusion The results from this study thus demonstrated that this integrated approach of using a minimally invasive NIR shape memory spinal fusion cage with CSC has potential for lumbar interbody fusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
- Center for Health Science and Engineering, Hebei Key Laboratory of Biomaterials and Smart Theranostics, School of Health Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300131, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bo Liu
- Center for Health Science and Engineering, Hebei Key Laboratory of Biomaterials and Smart Theranostics, School of Health Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300131, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ziyang Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhen Yang
- Center for Health Science and Engineering, Hebei Key Laboratory of Biomaterials and Smart Theranostics, School of Health Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300131, People’s Republic of China
| | | | - Huan Zhou
- Center for Health Science and Engineering, Hebei Key Laboratory of Biomaterials and Smart Theranostics, School of Health Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300131, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lei Yang
- Center for Health Science and Engineering, Hebei Key Laboratory of Biomaterials and Smart Theranostics, School of Health Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300131, People’s Republic of China
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Qin L, Yang S, Zhao C, Yang J, Li F, Xu Z, Yang Y, Zhou H, Li K, Xiong C, Huang W, Hu N, Hu X. Prospects and challenges for the application of tissue engineering technologies in the treatment of bone infections. Bone Res 2024; 12:28. [PMID: 38744863 PMCID: PMC11094017 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-024-00332-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Osteomyelitis is a devastating disease caused by microbial infection in deep bone tissue. Its high recurrence rate and impaired restoration of bone deficiencies are major challenges in treatment. Microbes have evolved numerous mechanisms to effectively evade host intrinsic and adaptive immune attacks to persistently localize in the host, such as drug-resistant bacteria, biofilms, persister cells, intracellular bacteria, and small colony variants (SCVs). Moreover, microbial-mediated dysregulation of the bone immune microenvironment impedes the bone regeneration process, leading to impaired bone defect repair. Despite advances in surgical strategies and drug applications for the treatment of bone infections within the last decade, challenges remain in clinical management. The development and application of tissue engineering materials have provided new strategies for the treatment of bone infections, but a comprehensive review of their research progress is lacking. This review discusses the critical pathogenic mechanisms of microbes in the skeletal system and their immunomodulatory effects on bone regeneration, and highlights the prospects and challenges for the application of tissue engineering technologies in the treatment of bone infections. It will inform the development and translation of antimicrobial and bone repair tissue engineering materials for the management of bone infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leilei Qin
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
- Orthopedic Laboratory of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Shuhao Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
- Orthopedic Laboratory of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Chen Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
- Orthopedic Laboratory of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Jianye Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
- Orthopedic Laboratory of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Feilong Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
- Orthopedic Laboratory of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Zhenghao Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
- Orthopedic Laboratory of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Yaji Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
- Orthopedic Laboratory of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Haotian Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
- Orthopedic Laboratory of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Kainan Li
- Clinical Medical College and Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610081, China
| | - Chengdong Xiong
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Bei Jing, 101408, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
- Orthopedic Laboratory of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Ning Hu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
- Orthopedic Laboratory of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
| | - Xulin Hu
- Clinical Medical College and Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610081, China.
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China.
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Qi W, Zhang R, Wang Z, Du H, Zhao Y, Shi B, Wang Y, Wang X, Wang P. Advances in the Application of Black Phosphorus-Based Composite Biomedical Materials in the Field of Tissue Engineering. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:242. [PMID: 38399457 PMCID: PMC10892510 DOI: 10.3390/ph17020242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Black Phosphorus (BP) is a new semiconductor material with excellent biocompatibility, degradability, and optical and electrophysical properties. A growing number of studies show that BP has high potential applications in the biomedical field. This article aims to systematically review the research progress of BP composite medical materials in the field of tissue engineering, mining BP in bone regeneration, skin repair, nerve repair, inflammation, treatment methods, and the application mechanism. Furthermore, the paper discusses the shortcomings and future recommendations related to the development of BP. These shortcomings include stability, photothermal conversion capacity, preparation process, and other related issues. However, despite these challenges, the utilization of BP-based medical materials holds immense promise in revolutionizing the field of tissue repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanying Qi
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China; (W.Q.); (R.Z.)
| | - Ru Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China; (W.Q.); (R.Z.)
| | - Zaishang Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541001, China;
| | - Haitao Du
- Shandong Academy of Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250014, China; (H.D.); (Y.Z.); (Y.W.)
| | - Yiwu Zhao
- Shandong Academy of Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250014, China; (H.D.); (Y.Z.); (Y.W.)
| | - Bin Shi
- Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology Center, Jinan 250062, China;
| | - Yi Wang
- Shandong Academy of Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250014, China; (H.D.); (Y.Z.); (Y.W.)
| | - Xin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Faculty of Light Industry, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Shandong Academy of Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250014, China; (H.D.); (Y.Z.); (Y.W.)
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Kalogeropoulou M, Díaz-Payno PJ, Mirzaali MJ, van Osch GJVM, Fratila-Apachitei LE, Zadpoor AA. 4D printed shape-shifting biomaterials for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications. Biofabrication 2024; 16:022002. [PMID: 38224616 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ad1e6f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
The existing 3D printing methods exhibit certain fabrication-dependent limitations for printing curved constructs that are relevant for many tissues. Four-dimensional (4D) printing is an emerging technology that is expected to revolutionize the field of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine (TERM). 4D printing is based on 3D printing, featuring the introduction of time as the fourth dimension, in which there is a transition from a 3D printed scaffold to a new, distinct, and stable state, upon the application of one or more stimuli. Here, we present an overview of the current developments of the 4D printing technology for TERM, with a focus on approaches to achieve temporal changes of the shape of the printed constructs that would enable biofabrication of highly complex structures. To this aim, the printing methods, types of stimuli, shape-shifting mechanisms, and cell-incorporation strategies are critically reviewed. Furthermore, the challenges of this very recent biofabrication technology as well as the future research directions are discussed. Our findings show that the most common printing methods so far are stereolithography (SLA) and extrusion bioprinting, followed by fused deposition modelling, while the shape-shifting mechanisms used for TERM applications are shape-memory and differential swelling for 4D printing and 4D bioprinting, respectively. For shape-memory mechanism, there is a high prevalence of synthetic materials, such as polylactic acid (PLA), poly(glycerol dodecanoate) acrylate (PGDA), or polyurethanes. On the other hand, different acrylate combinations of alginate, hyaluronan, or gelatin have been used for differential swelling-based 4D transformations. TERM applications include bone, vascular, and cardiac tissues as the main target of the 4D (bio)printing technology. The field has great potential for further development by considering the combination of multiple stimuli, the use of a wider range of 4D techniques, and the implementation of computational-assisted strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Kalogeropoulou
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, CD 2628, The Netherlands
| | - Pedro J Díaz-Payno
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, CD 2628, The Netherlands
- Department of Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mohammad J Mirzaali
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, CD 2628, The Netherlands
| | - Gerjo J V M van Osch
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, CD 2628, The Netherlands
- Department of Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lidy E Fratila-Apachitei
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, CD 2628, The Netherlands
| | - Amir A Zadpoor
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, CD 2628, The Netherlands
- Department of Orthopedics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Zhang Z, Wang R, Xue H, Knoedler S, Geng Y, Liao Y, Alfertshofer M, Panayi AC, Ming J, Mi B, Liu G. Phototherapy techniques for the management of musculoskeletal disorders: strategies and recent advances. Biomater Res 2023; 27:123. [PMID: 38017585 PMCID: PMC10685661 DOI: 10.1186/s40824-023-00458-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs), which include a range of pathologies affecting bones, cartilage, muscles, tendons, and ligaments, account for a significant portion of the global burden of disease. While pharmaceutical and surgical interventions represent conventional approaches for treating MSDs, their efficacy is constrained and frequently accompanied by adverse reactions. Considering the rising incidence of MSDs, there is an urgent demand for effective treatment modalities to alter the current landscape. Phototherapy, as a controllable and non-invasive technique, has been shown to directly regulate bone, cartilage, and muscle regeneration by modulating cellular behavior. Moreover, phototherapy presents controlled ablation of tumor cells, bacteria, and aberrantly activated inflammatory cells, demonstrating therapeutic potential in conditions such as bone tumors, bone infection, and arthritis. By constructing light-responsive nanosystems, controlled drug delivery can be achieved to enable precise treatment of MSDs. Notably, various phototherapy nanoplatforms with integrated imaging capabilities have been utilized for early diagnosis, guided therapy, and prognostic assessment of MSDs, further improving the management of these disorders. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the strategies and recent advances in the application of phototherapy for the treatment of MSDs, discusses the challenges and prospects of phototherapy, and aims to promote further research and application of phototherapy techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhe Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Rong Wang
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Hang Xue
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Samuel Knoedler
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02152, USA
- Institute of Regenerative Biology and Medicine, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Max-Lebsche-Platz 31, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Yongtao Geng
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Yuheng Liao
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Michael Alfertshofer
- Division of Hand, Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Adriana C Panayi
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02152, USA
- Department of Hand, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Microsurgery, Burn Center, BG Trauma Center Ludwigshafen, University of Heidelberg, Ludwig-Guttmann-Strasse 13, 67071, Ludwigshafen, Rhine, Germany
| | - Jie Ming
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, China.
| | - Bobin Mi
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, China.
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, 430022, China.
| | - Guohui Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, China.
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, 430022, China.
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Yan S, Zhang F, Luo L, Wang L, Liu Y, Leng J. Shape Memory Polymer Composites: 4D Printing, Smart Structures, and Applications. RESEARCH (WASHINGTON, D.C.) 2023; 6:0234. [PMID: 37941913 PMCID: PMC10629366 DOI: 10.34133/research.0234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Shape memory polymers (SMPs) and their composites (SMPCs) are smart materials that can be stably deformed and then return to their original shape under external stimulation, thus having a memory of their shape. Three-dimensional (3D) printing is an advanced technology for fabricating products using a digital software tool. Four-dimensional (4D) printing is a new generation of additive manufacturing technology that combines shape memory materials and 3D printing technology. Currently, 4D-printed SMPs and SMPCs are gaining considerable research attention and are finding use in various fields, including biomedical science. This review introduces SMPs, SMPCs, and 4D printing technologies, highlighting several special 4D-printed structures. It summarizes the recent research progress of 4D-printed SMPs and SMPCs in various fields, with particular emphasis on biomedical applications. Additionally, it presents an overview of the challenges and development prospects of 4D-printed SMPs and SMPCs and provides a preliminary discussion and useful reference for the research and application of 4D-printed SMPs and SMPCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyu Yan
- Centre for Composite Materials and Structures,
Harbin Institute of Technology (HIT), No.2 Yikuang Street, Harbin 150000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fenghua Zhang
- Centre for Composite Materials and Structures,
Harbin Institute of Technology (HIT), No.2 Yikuang Street, Harbin 150000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lan Luo
- Centre for Composite Materials and Structures,
Harbin Institute of Technology (HIT), No.2 Yikuang Street, Harbin 150000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Linlin Wang
- Centre for Composite Materials and Structures,
Harbin Institute of Technology (HIT), No.2 Yikuang Street, Harbin 150000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanju Liu
- Department of Astronautic Science and Mechanics,
Harbin Institute of Technology (HIT), No. 92 West Dazhi Street, Harbin 150000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinsong Leng
- Centre for Composite Materials and Structures,
Harbin Institute of Technology (HIT), No.2 Yikuang Street, Harbin 150000, People’s Republic of China
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Li G, Li Z, Min Y, Chen S, Han R, Zhao Z. 3D-Printed Piezoelectric Scaffolds with Shape Memory Polymer for Bone Regeneration. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2302927. [PMID: 37264732 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202302927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The application of piezoelectric nanoparticles with shape memory polymer (SMP) to 3D-printed piezoelectric scaffolds for bone defect repair is an attractive research direction. However, there is a significant difference in dielectric constants between the piezoelectric phase and polymer phase, limiting the piezoelectric property. Therefore, novel piezoelectric acrylate epoxidized soybean oil (AESO) scaffolds doped with piezoelectric Ag-TMSPM-pBT (ATP) nanoparticles (AESO-ATP scaffolds) are prepared via digital light procession 3D-printing. The Ag-TMSPM-pBT nanoparticles improve the piezoelectric properties of the AESO scaffolds by TMSPM covalent functionalization and conductive Ag nanoparticles. The AESO scaffolds doped with 10 wt% Ag-TMSPM-pBT nanoparticles (AESO-10ATP scaffolds) exhibit promising piezoelectrical properties, with a piezoelectric coefficient (d33) of 0.9 pC N-1 and an output current of 146.4 nA, which are close to the piezoelectric constants of bone tissue. In addition, these scaffolds exhibit good shape memory function and can quickly recover their original shape under near-infrared (NIR) light irradiation. The results of osteogenesis capability evaluation indicate that the AESO-10ATP scaffolds can promote osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs in vitro and bone defect repair in vivo, indicating the 3D-printed AESO-10ATP piezoelectric scaffolds may have great application potential for bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanlin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Zehao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yajun Min
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Shilu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Ruijia Han
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Zheng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Sanya Science and Education Innovation Park of Wuhan University of Technology, Sanya, 572000, China
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10
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Zhou Y, Chen J, Liu X, Xu J. Three/Four-Dimensional Printed PLA Nano/Microstructures: Crystallization Principles and Practical Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13691. [PMID: 37761994 PMCID: PMC10531236 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241813691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Compared to traditional methods, three/four-dimensional (3D/4D) printing technologies allow rapid prototyping and mass customization, which are ideal for preparing nano/microstructures of soft polymer materials. Poly (lactic acid) (PLA) is a biopolymer material widely used in additive manufacturing (AM) because of its biocompatibility and biodegradability. Unfortunately, owing to its intrinsically poor nucleation ability, a PLA product is usually in an amorphous state after industrial processing, leading to some undesirable properties such as a barrier property and low thermal resistance. Crystallization mediation offers a most practical way to improve the properties of PLA products. Herein, we summarize and discuss 3D/4D printing technologies in the processing of PLA nano/microstructures, focusing on crystallization principles and practical applications including bio-inspired structures, flexible electronics and biomedical engineering mainly reported in the last five years. Moreover, the challenges and prospects of 3D/4D printing technologies in the fabrication of high-performance PLA materials nano/microstructures will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jianwei Xu
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (Y.Z.); (J.C.); (X.L.)
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11
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Chinnakorn A, Nuansing W, Bodaghi M, Rolfe B, Zolfagharian A. Recent progress of 4D printing in cancer therapeutics studies. SLAS Technol 2023; 28:127-141. [PMID: 36804175 DOI: 10.1016/j.slast.2023.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is a critical cause of global human death. Not only are complex approaches to cancer prognosis, accurate diagnosis, and efficient therapeutics concerned, but post-treatments like postsurgical or chemotherapeutical effects are also followed up. The four-dimensional (4D) printing technique has gained attention for its potential applications in cancer therapeutics. It is the next generation of the three-dimensional (3D) printing technique, which facilitates the advanced fabrication of dynamic constructs like programmable shapes, controllable locomotion, and on-demand functions. As is well-known, it is still in the initial stage of cancer applications and requires the insight study of 4D printing. Herein, we present the first effort to report on 4D printing technology in cancer therapeutics. This review will illustrate the mechanisms used to induce the dynamic constructs of 4D printing in cancer management. The recent potential applications of 4D printing in cancer therapeutics will be further detailed, and future perspectives and conclusions will finally be proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atchara Chinnakorn
- School of Physics, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| | - Wiwat Nuansing
- School of Physics, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| | - Mahdi Bodaghi
- Department of Engineering, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham NG11 8NS, United Kingdom
| | - Bernard Rolfe
- School of Engineering, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria 3216, Australia
| | - Ali Zolfagharian
- School of Engineering, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria 3216, Australia.
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12
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Noroozi R, Arif ZU, Taghvaei H, Khalid MY, Sahbafar H, Hadi A, Sadeghianmaryan A, Chen X. 3D and 4D Bioprinting Technologies: A Game Changer for the Biomedical Sector? Ann Biomed Eng 2023:10.1007/s10439-023-03243-9. [PMID: 37261588 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-023-03243-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Bioprinting is an innovative and emerging technology of additive manufacturing (AM) and has revolutionized the biomedical sector by printing three-dimensional (3D) cell-laden constructs in a precise and controlled manner for numerous clinical applications. This approach uses biomaterials and varying types of cells to print constructs for tissue regeneration, e.g., cardiac, bone, corneal, cartilage, neural, and skin. Furthermore, bioprinting technology helps to develop drug delivery and wound healing systems, bio-actuators, bio-robotics, and bio-sensors. More recently, the development of four-dimensional (4D) bioprinting technology and stimuli-responsive materials has transformed the biomedical sector with numerous innovations and revolutions. This issue also leads to the exponential growth of the bioprinting market, with a value over billions of dollars. The present study reviews the concepts and developments of 3D and 4D bioprinting technologies, surveys the applications of these technologies in the biomedical sector, and discusses their potential research topics for future works. It is also urged that collaborative and valiant efforts from clinicians, engineers, scientists, and regulatory bodies are needed for translating this technology into the biomedical, pharmaceutical, and healthcare systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Noroozi
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zia Ullah Arif
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Management & Technology, Lahore, Sialkot Campus, Lahore, 51041, Pakistan
| | - Hadi Taghvaei
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Muhammad Yasir Khalid
- Department of Aerospace Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, PO Box: 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hossein Sahbafar
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amin Hadi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Ali Sadeghianmaryan
- Postdoctoral Researcher Fellow at Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, USA.
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, 57 Campus Dr., Saskatoon, SK, S7N5A9, Canada.
| | - Xiongbiao Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, 57 Campus Dr., Saskatoon, SK, S7N5A9, Canada
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13
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Peng M, Zhao Q, Wang M, Du X. Reconfigurable scaffolds for adaptive tissue regeneration. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:6105-6120. [PMID: 36919563 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr00281k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine have offered promising alternatives for clinical treatment of body tissue traumas, losses, dysfunctions, or diseases, where scaffold-based strategies are particularly popular and effective. Over the decades, scaffolds for tissue regeneration have been remarkably evolving. Nevertheless, conventional scaffolds still confront grand challenges in bio-adaptions in terms of both tissue-scaffold and cell-scaffold interplays, for example complying with complicated three-dimensional (3D) shapes of biological tissues and recapitulating the ordered cell regulation effects of native cell microenvironments. Benefiting from the recent advances in "intelligent" biomaterials, reconfigurable scaffolds have been emerging, demonstrating great promise in addressing the bio-adaption challenges through altering their macro-shapes and/or micro-structures. This mini-review article presents a brief overview of the cutting-edge research on reconfigurable scaffolds, summarizing the materials for forming reconfigurable scaffolds and highlighting their applications for adaptive tissue regeneration. Finally, the challenges and prospects of reconfigurable scaffolds are also discussed, shedding light on the bright future of next-generation reconfigurable scaffolds with upgrading adaptability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxing Peng
- Institute of Biomedical & Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shenzhen, 518055, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Qilong Zhao
- Institute of Biomedical & Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong
| | - Xuemin Du
- Institute of Biomedical & Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shenzhen, 518055, China.
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14
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Four-Dimensional Printing and Shape Memory Materials in Bone Tissue Engineering. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24010814. [PMID: 36614258 PMCID: PMC9821376 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The repair of severe bone defects is still a formidable clinical challenge, requiring the implantation of bone grafts or bone substitute materials. The development of three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting has received considerable attention in bone tissue engineering over the past decade. However, 3D printing has a limitation. It only takes into account the original form of the printed scaffold, which is inanimate and static, and is not suitable for dynamic organisms. With the emergence of stimuli-responsive materials, four-dimensional (4D) printing has become the next-generation solution for biological tissue engineering. It combines the concept of time with three-dimensional printing. Over time, 4D-printed scaffolds change their appearance or function in response to environmental stimuli (physical, chemical, and biological). In conclusion, 4D printing is the change of the fourth dimension (time) in 3D printing, which provides unprecedented potential for bone tissue repair. In this review, we will discuss the latest research on shape memory materials and 4D printing in bone tissue repair.
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15
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Zhao W, Yue C, Liu L, Liu Y, Leng J. Research Progress of Shape Memory Polymer and 4D Printing in Biomedical Application. Adv Healthc Mater 2022:e2201975. [PMID: 36520058 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202201975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
As a kind of smart material, shape memory polymer (SMP) shows great application potential in the biomedical field. Compared with traditional metal-based medical devices, SMP-based devices have the following characteristics: 1) The adaptive ability allows the biomedical device to better match the surrounding tissue after being implanted into the body by minimally invasive implantation; 2) it has better biocompatibility and adjustable biodegradability; 3) mechanical properties can be regulated in a large range to better match with the surrounding tissue. 4D printing technology is a comprehensive technology based on smart materials and 3D printing, which has great application value in the biomedical field. 4D printing technology breaks through the technical bottleneck of personalized customization and provides a new opportunity for the further development of the biomedical field. This paper summarizes the application of SMP and 4D printing technology in the field of bone tissue scaffolds, tracheal scaffolds, and drug release, etc. Moreover, this paper analyzes the existing problems and prospects, hoping to provide a preliminary discussion and useful reference for the application of SMP in biomedical engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhao
- Department of Astronautical Science and Mechanics, Harbin Institute of Technology (HIT), P.O. Box 301, No. 92 West Dazhi Street, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China
| | - Chengbin Yue
- Department of Astronautical Science and Mechanics, Harbin Institute of Technology (HIT), P.O. Box 301, No. 92 West Dazhi Street, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China
| | - Liwu Liu
- Department of Astronautical Science and Mechanics, Harbin Institute of Technology (HIT), P.O. Box 301, No. 92 West Dazhi Street, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China
| | - Yanju Liu
- Department of Astronautical Science and Mechanics, Harbin Institute of Technology (HIT), P.O. Box 301, No. 92 West Dazhi Street, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China
| | - Jinsong Leng
- Center for Composite Materials and Structures, Harbin Institute of Technology (HIT), P.O. Box 3011, No. 2 Yikuang Street, Harbin, 150080, P. R. China
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16
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Jing X, Xiong Z, Lin Z, Sun T. The Application of Black Phosphorus Nanomaterials in Bone Tissue Engineering. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14122634. [PMID: 36559127 PMCID: PMC9787998 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14122634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, research on and the application of nanomaterials such as graphene, carbon nanotubes, and metal-organic frameworks has become increasingly popular in tissue engineering. In 2014, a two-dimensional sheet of black phosphorus (BP) was isolated from massive BP crystals. Since then, BP has attracted significant attention as an emerging nanomaterial. BP possesses many advantages such as light responsiveness, electrical conductivity, degradability, and good biocompatibility. Thus, it has broad prospects in biomedical applications. Moreover, BP is composed of phosphorus, which is a key bone tissue component with good biocompatibility and osteogenic repair ability. Thereby, BP exhibits excellent advantages for application in bone tissue engineering. In this review, the structure and the physical and chemical properties of BP are described. In addition, the current applications of BP in bone tissue engineering are reviewed to aid the future research and application of BP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xirui Jing
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Zekang Xiong
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Zian Lin
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Tingfang Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
- Correspondence:
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17
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Ghosh S, Chaudhuri S, Roy P, Lahiri D. 4D Printing in Biomedical Engineering: a State-of-the-Art Review of Technologies, Biomaterials, and Application. REGENERATIVE ENGINEERING AND TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s40883-022-00288-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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18
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Chen X, Huang Z, Yang Q, Zeng X, Bai R, Wang L. 3D biodegradable shape changing composite scaffold with programmable porous structures for bone engineering. Biomed Mater 2022; 17. [DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/aca133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
This study developed a biodegradable composite porous polyurethane scaffold based on polycaprolactone and polyethylene glycol by sequential in-situ foaming salt leaching and freeze-drying process with responsive shape changing performance. Biomineral hydroxyapatite (HA) was introduced into the polyurethane matrix as inorganic fillers. Infrared spectroscopy results proved a successful synthesis, scanning electron microscopy showed that the scaffold’s porosity decreased with the addition of HA while the average pore size increased. X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry showed that the addition of HA lowered the melting point of the scaffold, resulting in a transition temperature close to the human body temperature. From the bending experiments, it could be demonstrated that PUHA20 has excellent shape memory performance with shape fixity ratio >98.9% and shape recovery ratio >96.2%. Interestingly, the shape-changing capacity could be influenced by the porous structures with variation of HA content. The shape recovery speed was further accelerated when the material was immersed in phosphate buffered saline at 37 °C. Additionally, in vitro mineralization experiments showed that the scaffold incorporating HA had good osteoconductivity, and implantation assessment proved that scaffolds had good in vivo biocompatibility. This scaffold is a promising candidate for implantation of bone defects.
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19
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Arif ZU, Khalid MY, Zolfagharian A, Bodaghi M. 4D bioprinting of smart polymers for biomedical applications: recent progress, challenges, and future perspectives. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2022.105374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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20
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Afzali Naniz M, Askari M, Zolfagharian A, Afzali Naniz M, Bodaghi M. 4D Printing: A Cutting-edge Platform for Biomedical Applications. Biomed Mater 2022; 17. [PMID: 36044881 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ac8e42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Nature's materials have evolved over time to be able to respond to environmental stimuli by generating complex structures that can change their functions in response to distance, time, and direction of stimuli. A number of technical efforts are currently being made to improve printing resolution, shape fidelity, and printing speed to mimic the structural design of natural materials with three-dimensional (3D) printing. Unfortunately, this technology is limited by the fact that printed objects are static and cannot be reshaped dynamically in response to stimuli. In recent years, several smart materials have been developed that can undergo dynamic morphing in response to a stimulus, thus resolving this issue. Four-dimensional (4D) printing refers to a manufacturing process involving additive manufacturing, smart materials, and specific geometries. It has become an essential technology for biomedical engineering and has the potential to create a wide range of useful biomedical products. This paper will discuss the concept of 4D bioprinting and the recent developments in smart matrials, which can be actuated by different stimuli and be exploited to develop biomimetic materials and structures, with significant implications for pharmaceutics and biomedical research, as well as prospects for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moqaddaseh Afzali Naniz
- University of New South Wales, Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, AUSTRALIA
| | - Mohsen Askari
- Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Manpus, Nottingham, Nottinghamshire, NG11 8NS, UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN IRELAND
| | - Ali Zolfagharian
- Engineering, Deakin University Faculty of Science Engineering and Built Environment, Waurn Ponds, Geelong, Victoria, 3217, AUSTRALIA
| | - Mehrdad Afzali Naniz
- Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tehran, Tehran, 19839-63113, Iran (the Islamic Republic of)
| | - Mahdi Bodaghi
- Department of Engineering , Nottingham Trent University - Clifton Campus, Clifton Campus, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN IRELAND
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21
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Kabirian F, Mela P, Heying R. 4D Printing Applications in the Development of Smart Cardiovascular Implants. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:873453. [PMID: 35694223 PMCID: PMC9174528 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.873453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Smart materials are able to react to different stimuli and adapt their shape to the environment. Although the development of 3D printing technology increased the reproducibility and accuracy of scaffold fabrication, 3D printed scaffolds can still be further improved to resemble the native anatomy. 4D printing is an innovative fabrication approach combining 3D printing and smart materials, also known as stimuli-responsive materials. Especially for cardiovascular implants, 4D printing can promisingly create programmable, adaptable prostheses, which facilitates implantation and/or create the topology of the target tissue post implantation. In this review, the principles of 4D printing with a focus on the applied stimuli are explained and the underlying 3D printing technologies are presented. Then, according to the type of stimulus, recent applications of 4D printing in constructing smart cardiovascular implants and future perspectives are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Kabirian
- Cardiovascular Developmental Biology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- *Correspondence: Fatemeh Kabirian,
| | - Petra Mela
- Medical Materials and Implants, Department of Mechanical Engineering and Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Ruth Heying
- Cardiovascular Developmental Biology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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22
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Wang Y, Cui H, Esworthy T, Mei D, Wang Y, Zhang LG. Emerging 4D Printing Strategies for Next-Generation Tissue Regeneration and Medical Devices. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2109198. [PMID: 34951494 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202109198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The rapid development of 3D printing has led to considerable progress in the field of biomedical engineering. Notably, 4D printing provides a potential strategy to achieve a time-dependent physical change within tissue scaffolds or replicate the dynamic biological behaviors of native tissues for smart tissue regeneration and the fabrication of medical devices. The fabricated stimulus-responsive structures can offer dynamic, reprogrammable deformation or actuation to mimic complex physical, biochemical, and mechanical processes of native tissues. Although there is notable progress made in the development of the 4D printing approach for various biomedical applications, its more broad-scale adoption for clinical use and tissue engineering purposes is complicated by a notable limitation of printable smart materials and the simplistic nature of achievable responses possible with current sources of stimulation. In this review, the recent progress made in the field of 4D printing by discussing the various printing mechanisms that are achieved with great emphasis on smart ink mechanisms of 4D actuation, construct structural design, and printing technologies, is highlighted. Recent 4D printing studies which focus on the applications of tissue/organ regeneration and medical devices are then summarized. Finally, the current challenges and future perspectives of 4D printing are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronics Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Manufacturing Technology of Zhejiang Province, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Haitao Cui
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
| | - Timothy Esworthy
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
| | - Deqing Mei
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronics Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Manufacturing Technology of Zhejiang Province, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Yancheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronics Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Manufacturing Technology of Zhejiang Province, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Lijie Grace Zhang
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
- Department of Medicine, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
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23
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Maia FR, Bastos AR, Oliveira JM, Correlo VM, Reis RL. Recent approaches towards bone tissue engineering. Bone 2022; 154:116256. [PMID: 34781047 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2021.116256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Bone tissue engineering approaches have evolved towards addressing the challenges of tissue mimetic requirements over the years. Different strategies have been combining scaffolds, cells, and biologically active cues using a wide range of fabrication techniques, envisioning the mimicry of bone tissue. On the one hand, biomimetic scaffold-based strategies have been pursuing different biomaterials to produce scaffolds, combining with diverse and innovative fabrication strategies to mimic bone tissue better, surpassing bone grafts. On the other hand, biomimetic scaffold-free approaches mainly foresee replicating endochondral ossification, replacing hyaline cartilage with new bone. Finally, since bone tissue is highly vascularized, new strategies focused on developing pre-vascularized scaffolds or pre-vascularized cellular aggregates have been a motif of study. The recent biomimetic scaffold-based and scaffold-free approaches in bone tissue engineering, focusing on materials and fabrication methods used, are overviewed herein. The biomimetic vascularized approaches are also discussed, namely the development of pre-vascularized scaffolds and pre-vascularized cellular aggregates.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Raquel Maia
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs-Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics of University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal; ICVS/3B's PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal.
| | - Ana R Bastos
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs-Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics of University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal; ICVS/3B's PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Joaquim M Oliveira
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs-Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics of University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal; ICVS/3B's PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Vitor M Correlo
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs-Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics of University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal; ICVS/3B's PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Rui L Reis
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs-Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics of University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal; ICVS/3B's PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
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Ding A, Lee SJ, Ayyagari S, Tang R, Huynh CT, Alsberg E. 4D biofabrication via instantly generated graded hydrogel scaffolds. Bioact Mater 2022; 7:324-332. [PMID: 34466735 PMCID: PMC8379339 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Formation of graded biomaterials to render shape-morphing scaffolds for 4D biofabrication holds great promise in fabrication of complex structures and the recapitulation of critical dynamics for tissue/organ regeneration. Here we describe a facile generation of an adjustable and robust gradient using a single- or multi-material one-step fabrication strategy for 4D biofabrication. By simply photocrosslinking a mixed solution of a photocrosslinkable polymer macromer, photoinitiator (PI), UV absorber and live cells, a cell-laden gradient hydrogel with pre-programmable deformation can be generated. Gradient formation was demonstrated in various polymers including poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), alginate, and gelatin derivatives using various UV absorbers that present overlap in UV spectrum with that of the PI UV absorbance spectrum. Moreover, this simple and effective method was used as a universal platform to integrate with other hydrogel-engineering techniques such as photomask-aided microfabrication, photo-patterning, ion-transfer printing, and 3D bioprinting to fabricate more advanced cell-laden scaffold structures. Lastly, proof-of-concept 4D tissue engineering was demonstrated in a study of 4D bone-like tissue formation. The strategy's simplicity along with its versatility paves a new way in solving the hurdle of achieving temporal shape changes in cell-laden single-component hydrogel scaffolds and may expedite the development of 4D biofabricated constructs for biological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aixiang Ding
- Richard and Loan Hill Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, 909 S. Wolcott Ave., Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Sang Jin Lee
- Richard and Loan Hill Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, 909 S. Wolcott Ave., Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Sriramya Ayyagari
- Richard and Loan Hill Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, 909 S. Wolcott Ave., Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Rui Tang
- Richard and Loan Hill Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, 909 S. Wolcott Ave., Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Cong Truc Huynh
- Richard and Loan Hill Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, 909 S. Wolcott Ave., Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Eben Alsberg
- Richard and Loan Hill Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, 909 S. Wolcott Ave., Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
- Departments of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, Orthopaedics, and Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago, 909 S. Wolcott Ave., Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
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25
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Rahimnejad M, Rezvaninejad R, Rezvaninejad R, França R. Biomaterials in bone and mineralized tissue engineering using 3D printing and bioprinting technologies. Biomed Phys Eng Express 2021; 7. [PMID: 34438382 DOI: 10.1088/2057-1976/ac21ab] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
This review focuses on recently developed printable biomaterials for bone and mineralized tissue engineering. 3D printing or bioprinting is an advanced technology to design and fabricate complex functional 3D scaffolds, mimicking native tissue forin vivoapplications. We categorized the biomaterials into two main classes: 3D printing and bioprinting. Various biomaterials, including natural, synthetic biopolymers and their composites, have been studied. Biomaterial inks or bioinks used for bone and mineralized tissue regeneration include hydrogels loaded with minerals or bioceramics, cells, and growth factors. In 3D printing, the scaffold is created by acellular biomaterials (biomaterial inks), while in 3D bioprinting, cell-laden hydrogels (bioinks) are used. Two main classes of bioceramics, including bioactive and bioinert ceramics, are reviewed. Bioceramics incorporation provides osteoconductive properties and induces bone formation. Each biopolymer and mineral have its advantages and limitations. Each component of these composite biomaterials provides specific properties, and their combination can ameliorate the mechanical properties, bioactivity, or biological integration of the 3D printed scaffold. Present challenges and future approaches to address them are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maedeh Rahimnejad
- Biomedical Engineering Institute, Université de Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Raziyehsadat Rezvaninejad
- Department of Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Hormozgan, Iran
| | | | - Rodrigo França
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
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26
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Agarwal T, Hann SY, Chiesa I, Cui H, Celikkin N, Micalizzi S, Barbetta A, Costantini M, Esworthy T, Zhang LG, De Maria C, Maiti TK. 4D printing in biomedical applications: emerging trends and technologies. J Mater Chem B 2021; 9:7608-7632. [PMID: 34586145 DOI: 10.1039/d1tb01335a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Nature's material systems during evolution have developed the ability to respond and adapt to environmental stimuli through the generation of complex structures capable of varying their functions across direction, distances and time. 3D printing technologies can recapitulate structural motifs present in natural materials, and efforts are currently being made on the technological side to improve printing resolution, shape fidelity, and printing speed. However, an intrinsic limitation of this technology is that printed objects are static and thus inadequate to dynamically reshape when subjected to external stimuli. In recent years, this issue has been addressed with the design and precise deployment of smart materials that can undergo a programmed morphing in response to a stimulus. The term 4D printing was coined to indicate the combined use of additive manufacturing, smart materials, and careful design of appropriate geometries. In this review, we report the recent progress in the design and development of smart materials that are actuated by different stimuli and their exploitation within additive manufacturing to produce biomimetic structures with important repercussions in different but interrelated biomedical areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarun Agarwal
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, West Bengal - 721302, India.
| | - Sung Yun Hann
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA.
| | - Irene Chiesa
- Research Center "E. Piaggio" and Department of Information Engineering, University of Pisa, Largo Lucio Lazzarino 1, 56122 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Haitao Cui
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA.
| | - Nehar Celikkin
- Institute of Physical Chemistry - Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Simone Micalizzi
- Research Center "E. Piaggio" and Department of Information Engineering, University of Pisa, Largo Lucio Lazzarino 1, 56122 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Andrea Barbetta
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rome "La Sapienza", 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Costantini
- Institute of Physical Chemistry - Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Timothy Esworthy
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA.
| | - Lijie Grace Zhang
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA. .,Department of Electrical Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA.,Department of Medicine, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | - Carmelo De Maria
- Research Center "E. Piaggio" and Department of Information Engineering, University of Pisa, Largo Lucio Lazzarino 1, 56122 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Tapas Kumar Maiti
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, West Bengal - 721302, India.
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27
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Alcala-Orozco CR, Cui X, Hooper GJ, Lim KS, Woodfield TB. Converging functionality: Strategies for 3D hybrid-construct biofabrication and the role of composite biomaterials for skeletal regeneration. Acta Biomater 2021; 132:188-216. [PMID: 33713862 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The evolution of additive manufacturing (AM) technologies, biomaterial development and our increasing understanding of cell biology has created enormous potential for the development of personalized regenerative therapies. In the context of skeletal tissue engineering, physical and biological demands play key roles towards successful construct implantation and the achievement of bone, cartilage and blood vessel tissue formation. Nevertheless, meeting such physical and biological demands to mimic the complexity of human tissues and their functionality is still a significant ongoing challenge. Recent studies have demonstrated that combination of AM technologies and advanced biomaterials has great potential towards skeletal tissue engineering. This review aims to analyze how the most prominent technologies and discoveries in the field converge towards the development of advanced constructs for skeletal regeneration. Particular attention is placed on hybrid biofabrication strategies, combining bioinks for cell delivery with biomaterial inks providing physical support. Hybrid biofabrication has been the focus of recent emerging strategies, however there has been limited review and analysis of these techniques and the challenges involved. Furthermore, we have identified that there are multiple hybrid fabrication strategies, here we present a category system where each strategy is reviewed highlighting their distinct advantages, challenges and potential applications. In addition, bioinks and biomaterial inks are the main components of the hybrid biofabrication strategies, where it is recognized that such platforms still lack optimal physical and biological functionality. Thus, this review also explores the development of composite materials specifically targeting the enhancement of physical and biological functionality towards improved skeletal tissue engineering. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Biofabrication strategies capable of recreating the complexity of native tissues could open new clinical possibilities towards patient-specific regenerative therapies and disease models. Several reviews target the existing additive manufacturing (AM) technologies that may be utilised for biomedical purposes. However, this work presents a unique perspective, describing how such AM technologies have been recently translated towards hybrid fabrication strategies, targeting the fabrication of constructs with converging physical and biological properties. Furthermore, we address composite bioinks and biomaterial inks that have been engineered to overcome traditional limitations, and might be applied to the hybrid fabrication strategies outlined. This work offers ample perspectives and insights into the current and future challenges for the fabrication of skeletal tissues aiming towards clinical and biomedical applications.
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28
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Diba M, Koons GL, Bedell ML, Mikos AG. 3D printed colloidal biomaterials based on photo-reactive gelatin nanoparticles. Biomaterials 2021; 274:120871. [PMID: 34029914 PMCID: PMC8196631 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.120871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Biomaterials-based strategies have shown great promise for tissue regeneration. 3D printing technologies can deliver unprecedented control over architecture and properties of biomaterial constructs when combined with innovative material design strategies. Colloidal gels made of polymeric nanoparticles are attractive injectable and self-healing systems, but their use as bio-inks for extrusion-based printing is largely unexplored. Here, we report 3D printing of novel biomaterial constructs with shape memory behavior using photo-reactive gelatin nanoparticles as colloidal building blocks. These nanoparticles are stabilized with intraparticle covalent crosslinks, and also contain pendant methacryloyl groups as photo-reactive moieties. While non-covalent interactions between nanoparticles enable formation of colloidal gel inks that are printable at room temperature, UV-induced covalent interparticle crosslinks based on methacryloyl moieties significantly enhance mechanical properties of printed constructs. Additionally, the UV crosslinking modality enables remarkable control over swelling, degradation, and biomolecule release behavior of 3D constructs. Finally, by exploiting the mechanical properties of colloidal biomaterials after UV crosslinking, 3D constructs can be designed with shape memory properties, returning to their original programmed geometry upon re-hydration. Accordingly, these novel colloidal inks exhibit great potential to serve as bio-inks for 3D printing of biomaterials with shape-morphing features for a wide range of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mani Diba
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA; NIH/NIBIB Center for Engineering Complex Tissues, USA
| | - Gerry L Koons
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA; NIH/NIBIB Center for Engineering Complex Tissues, USA
| | - Matthew L Bedell
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA; NIH/NIBIB Center for Engineering Complex Tissues, USA
| | - Antonios G Mikos
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA; NIH/NIBIB Center for Engineering Complex Tissues, USA.
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29
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Gonçalves AM, Moreira A, Weber A, Williams GR, Costa PF. Osteochondral Tissue Engineering: The Potential of Electrospinning and Additive Manufacturing. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:983. [PMID: 34209671 PMCID: PMC8309012 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13070983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The socioeconomic impact of osteochondral (OC) damage has been increasing steadily over time in the global population, and the promise of tissue engineering in generating biomimetic tissues replicating the physiological OC environment and architecture has been falling short of its projected potential. The most recent advances in OC tissue engineering are summarised in this work, with a focus on electrospun and 3D printed biomaterials combined with stem cells and biochemical stimuli, to identify what is causing this pitfall between the bench and the patients' bedside. Even though significant progress has been achieved in electrospinning, 3D-(bio)printing, and induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technologies, it is still challenging to artificially emulate the OC interface and achieve complete regeneration of bone and cartilage tissues. Their intricate architecture and the need for tight spatiotemporal control of cellular and biochemical cues hinder the attainment of long-term functional integration of tissue-engineered constructs. Moreover, this complexity and the high variability in experimental conditions used in different studies undermine the scalability and reproducibility of prospective regenerative medicine solutions. It is clear that further development of standardised, integrative, and economically viable methods regarding scaffold production, cell selection, and additional biochemical and biomechanical stimulation is likely to be the key to accelerate the clinical translation and fill the gap in OC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anabela Moreira
- BIOFABICS, Rua Alfredo Allen 455, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (A.M.G.); (A.M.)
| | - Achim Weber
- Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology IGB, Nobelstrasse 12, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany;
| | - Gareth R. Williams
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK;
| | - Pedro F. Costa
- BIOFABICS, Rua Alfredo Allen 455, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (A.M.G.); (A.M.)
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30
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Qu M, Wang C, Zhou X, Libanori A, Jiang X, Xu W, Zhu S, Chen Q, Sun W, Khademhosseini A. Multi-Dimensional Printing for Bone Tissue Engineering. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2001986. [PMID: 33876580 PMCID: PMC8192454 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202001986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The development of 3D printing has significantly advanced the field of bone tissue engineering by enabling the fabrication of scaffolds that faithfully recapitulate desired mechanical properties and architectures. In addition, computer-based manufacturing relying on patient-derived medical images permits the fabrication of customized modules in a patient-specific manner. In addition to conventional 3D fabrication, progress in materials engineering has led to the development of 4D printing, allowing time-sensitive interventions such as programed therapeutics delivery and modulable mechanical features. Therapeutic interventions established via multi-dimensional engineering are expected to enhance the development of personalized treatment in various fields, including bone tissue regeneration. Here, recent studies utilizing 3D printed systems for bone tissue regeneration are summarized and advances in 4D printed systems are highlighted. Challenges and perspectives for the future development of multi-dimensional printed systems toward personalized bone regeneration are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moyuan Qu
- Department of Bioengineering, California NanoSystems Institute and Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT) University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- The Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, China
| | - Canran Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, California NanoSystems Institute and Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT) University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Xingwu Zhou
- Department of Bioengineering, California NanoSystems Institute and Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT) University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Alberto Libanori
- Department of Bioengineering, California NanoSystems Institute and Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT) University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Xing Jiang
- Department of Bioengineering, California NanoSystems Institute and Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT) University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- School of Nursing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Weizhe Xu
- The Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, China
| | - Songsong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Qianming Chen
- The Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, China
| | - Wujin Sun
- Department of Bioengineering, California NanoSystems Institute and Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT) University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, California 90064, United States
| | - Ali Khademhosseini
- Department of Bioengineering, California NanoSystems Institute and Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT) University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Radiology University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, California 90064, United States
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31
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Three-dimensional Printing in Orthopaedic Surgery: Current Applications and Future Developments. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF ORTHOPAEDIC SURGEONS GLOBAL RESEARCH AND REVIEWS 2021; 5:e20.00230-11. [PMID: 33877073 PMCID: PMC8059996 DOI: 10.5435/jaaosglobal-d-20-00230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) printing is an exciting form of manufacturing technology that has transformed the way we can treat various medical pathologies. Also known as additive manufacturing, 3D printing fuses materials together in a layer-by-layer fashion to construct a final 3D product. This technology allows flexibility in the design process and enables efficient production of both off-the-shelf and personalized medical products that accommodate patient needs better than traditional manufacturing processes. In the field of orthopaedic surgery, 3D printing implants and instrumentation can be used to address a variety of pathologies that would otherwise be challenging to manage with products made from traditional subtractive manufacturing. Furthermore, 3D bioprinting has significantly impacted bone and cartilage restoration procedures and has the potential to completely transform how we treat patients with debilitating musculoskeletal injuries. Although costs can be high, as technology advances, the economics of 3D printing will improve, especially as the benefits of this technology have clearly been demonstrated in both orthopaedic surgery and medicine as a whole. This review outlines the basics of 3D printing technology and its current applications in orthopaedic surgery and ends with a brief summary of 3D bioprinting and its potential future impact.
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