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Chen H, Zhang B, Huang J. Recent advances and applications of artificial intelligence in 3D bioprinting. BIOPHYSICS REVIEWS 2024; 5:031301. [PMID: 39036708 PMCID: PMC11260195 DOI: 10.1063/5.0190208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
3D bioprinting techniques enable the precise deposition of living cells, biomaterials, and biomolecules, emerging as a promising approach for engineering functional tissues and organs. Meanwhile, recent advances in 3D bioprinting enable researchers to build in vitro models with finely controlled and complex micro-architecture for drug screening and disease modeling. Recently, artificial intelligence (AI) has been applied to different stages of 3D bioprinting, including medical image reconstruction, bioink selection, and printing process, with both classical AI and machine learning approaches. The ability of AI to handle complex datasets, make complex computations, learn from past experiences, and optimize processes dynamically makes it an invaluable tool in advancing 3D bioprinting. The review highlights the current integration of AI in 3D bioprinting and discusses future approaches to harness the synergistic capabilities of 3D bioprinting and AI for developing personalized tissues and organs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Brunel University London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jie Huang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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2
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Yu X, Ma H, Wang Y, Hao J, Chen L, Gelinsky M, Wu C. Assembled/Disassembled Modular Scaffolds for Multicellular Tissue Engineering. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2308126. [PMID: 38533956 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202308126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
The behavior of tissue resident cells can be influenced by the spatial arrangement of cellular interactions. Therefore, it is of significance to precisely control the spatial organization of various cells within multicellular constructs. It remains challenging to construct a versatile multicellular scaffold with ordered spatial organization of multiple cell types. Herein, a modular multicellular tissue engineering scaffold with ordered spatial distribution of different cell types is constructed by assembling varying cell-laden modules. Interestingly, the modular scaffolds can be disassembled into individual modules to evaluate the specific contribution of each cell type in the system. Through assembling cell-laden modules, the macrophage-mesenchymal stem cell (MSC), endothelial cell-MSC, and chondrocyte-MSC co-culture models are successfully established. The in vitro results indicate that the intercellular cross-talk can promote the proliferation and differentiation of each cell type in the system. Moreover, MSCs in the modular scaffolds may regulate the behavior of chondrocytes through the nuclear factor of activated T-Cells (NFAT) signaling pathway. Furthermore, the modular scaffolds loaded with co-cultured chondrocyte-MSC exhibit enhanced regeneration ability of osteochondral tissue, compared with other groups. Overall, this work offers a promising strategy to construct a multicellular tissue engineering scaffold for the systematic investigation of intercellular cross-talk and complex tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopeng Yu
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Hongshi Ma
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yufeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, P. R. China
| | - Jianxin Hao
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Lei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Michael Gelinsky
- Center for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus and Faculty of Medicine of Dresden University of Technology, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Chengtie Wu
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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Steltzer SS, Abraham AC, Killian ML. Interfacial Tissue Regeneration with Bone. Curr Osteoporos Rep 2024; 22:290-298. [PMID: 38358401 PMCID: PMC11060924 DOI: 10.1007/s11914-024-00859-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Interfacial tissue exists throughout the body at cartilage-to-bone (osteochondral interface) and tendon-to-bone (enthesis) interfaces. Healing of interfacial tissues is a current challenge in regenerative approaches because the interface plays a critical role in stabilizing and distributing the mechanical stress between soft tissues (e.g., cartilage and tendon) and bone. The purpose of this review is to identify new directions in the field of interfacial tissue development and physiology that can guide future regenerative strategies for improving post-injury healing. RECENT FINDINGS Cues from interfacial tissue development may guide regeneration including biological cues such as cell phenotype and growth factor signaling; structural cues such as extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition, ECM, and cell alignment; and mechanical cues such as compression, tension, shear, and the stiffness of the cellular microenvironment. In this review, we explore new discoveries in the field of interfacial biology related to ECM remodeling, cellular metabolism, and fate. Based on emergent findings across multiple disciplines, we lay out a framework for future innovations in the design of engineered strategies for interface regeneration. Many of the key mechanisms essential for interfacial tissue development and adaptation have high potential for improving outcomes in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie S Steltzer
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Adam C Abraham
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Megan L Killian
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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Cai B, Kilian D, Ramos Mejia D, Rios RJ, Ali A, Heilshorn SC. Diffusion-Based 3D Bioprinting Strategies. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2306470. [PMID: 38145962 PMCID: PMC10885663 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202306470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
3D bioprinting has enabled the fabrication of tissue-mimetic constructs with freeform designs that include living cells. In the development of new bioprinting techniques, the controlled use of diffusion has become an emerging strategy to tailor the properties and geometry of printed constructs. Specifically, the diffusion of molecules with specialized functions, including crosslinkers, catalysts, growth factors, or viscosity-modulating agents, across the interface of printed constructs will directly affect material properties such as microstructure, stiffness, and biochemistry, all of which can impact cell phenotype. For example, diffusion-induced gelation is employed to generate constructs with multiple materials, dynamic mechanical properties, and perfusable geometries. In general, these diffusion-based bioprinting strategies can be categorized into those based on inward diffusion (i.e., into the printed ink from the surrounding air, solution, or support bath), outward diffusion (i.e., from the printed ink into the surroundings), or diffusion within the printed construct (i.e., from one zone to another). This review provides an overview of recent advances in diffusion-based bioprinting strategies, discusses emerging methods to characterize and predict diffusion in bioprinting, and highlights promising next steps in applying diffusion-based strategies to overcome current limitations in biofabrication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betty Cai
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringStanford University476 Lomita MallStanfordCA94305USA
| | - David Kilian
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringStanford University476 Lomita MallStanfordCA94305USA
| | - Daniel Ramos Mejia
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringStanford University476 Lomita MallStanfordCA94305USA
| | - Ricardo J. Rios
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringStanford University476 Lomita MallStanfordCA94305USA
| | - Ashal Ali
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringStanford University476 Lomita MallStanfordCA94305USA
| | - Sarah C. Heilshorn
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringStanford University476 Lomita MallStanfordCA94305USA
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Poerio A, Mano JF, Cleymand F. Advanced 3D Printing Strategies for the Controlled Delivery of Growth Factors. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2023; 9:6531-6547. [PMID: 37968925 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c00873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
The controlled delivery of growth factors (GFs) from tissue engineered constructs represents a promising strategy to improve tissue repair and regeneration. However, despite their established key role in tissue regeneration, the use of GFs is limited by their short half-life in the in vivo environment, their dose-dependent effectiveness, and their space- and time-dependent activity. Promising results have been obtained both in vitro and in vivo in animal models. Nevertheless, the clinical application of tissue engineered constructs releasing GFs is still challenging due to the several limitations and risks associated with their use. 3D printing and bioprinting, by allowing the microprecise spatial deposition of multiple materials and the fabrication of complex geometries with high resolution, offer advanced strategies for an optimal release of GFs from tissue engineered constructs. This review summarizes the strategies that have been employed to include GFs and their delivery system into biomaterials used for 3D printing applications to optimize their controlled release and to improve both the in vitro and in vivo regeneration processes. The approaches adopted to overcome the above-mentioned limitations are presented, showing the potential of the technology of 3D printing to get one step closer to clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurelia Poerio
- Institut Jean Lamour, University of Lorraine, Nancy 54011, France
| | - João F Mano
- Department of Chemistry, CICECO─Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, Aveiro 3810-193, Portugal
| | - Franck Cleymand
- Institut Jean Lamour, University of Lorraine, Nancy 54011, France
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Komosa ER, Lin WH, Mahadik B, Bazzi MS, Townsend D, Fisher JP, Ogle BM. A novel perfusion bioreactor promotes the expansion of pluripotent stem cells in a 3D-bioprinted tissue chamber. Biofabrication 2023; 16:014101. [PMID: 37906964 PMCID: PMC10636629 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ad084a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
While the field of tissue engineering has progressed rapidly with the advent of 3D bioprinting and human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs), impact is limited by a lack of functional, thick tissues. One way around this limitation is to 3D bioprint tissues laden with hiPSCs. In this way, the iPSCs can proliferate to populate the thick tissue mass prior to parenchymal cell specification. Here we design a perfusion bioreactor for an hiPSC-laden, 3D-bioprinted chamber with the goal of proliferating the hiPSCs throughout the structure prior to differentiation to generate a thick tissue model. The bioreactor, fabricated with digital light projection, was optimized to perfuse the interior of the hydrogel chamber without leaks and to provide fluid flow around the exterior as well, maximizing nutrient delivery throughout the chamber wall. After 7 days of culture, we found that intermittent perfusion (15 s every 15 min) at 3 ml min-1provides a 1.9-fold increase in the density of stem cell colonies in the engineered tissue relative to analogous chambers cultured under static conditions. We also observed a more uniform distribution of colonies within the tissue wall of perfused structures relative to static controls, reflecting a homogeneous distribution of nutrients from the culture media. hiPSCs remained pluripotent and proliferative with application of fluid flow, which generated wall shear stresses averaging ∼1.0 dyn cm-2. Overall, these promising outcomes following perfusion of a stem cell-laden hydrogel support the production of multiple tissue types with improved thickness, and therefore increased function and utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth R Komosa
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America
- NIBIB/NIH Center for Engineering Complex Tissues, College Park, MD, United States of America
| | - Wei-Han Lin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America
| | - Bhushan Mahadik
- NIBIB/NIH Center for Engineering Complex Tissues, College Park, MD, United States of America
- Fishell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States of America
| | - Marisa S Bazzi
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America
| | - DeWayne Townsend
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America
- Lillehei Heart Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America
| | - John P Fisher
- NIBIB/NIH Center for Engineering Complex Tissues, College Park, MD, United States of America
- Fishell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States of America
| | - Brenda M Ogle
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America
- NIBIB/NIH Center for Engineering Complex Tissues, College Park, MD, United States of America
- Lillehei Heart Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America
- Institute for Engineering in Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America
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Windisch J, Reinhardt O, Duin S, Schütz K, Rodriguez NJN, Liu S, Lode A, Gelinsky M. Bioinks for Space Missions: The Influence of Long-Term Storage of Alginate-Methylcellulose-Based Bioinks on Printability as well as Cell Viability and Function. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2300436. [PMID: 37125819 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202300436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Bioprinting is considered a key technology for future space missions and is currently being established on the International Space Station (ISS). With the aim to perform bioink production as a critical and resource-consuming preparatory step already on Earth and transport a bioink cartridge "ready to use" to the ISS, the storability of bioinks is investigated. Hydrogel blends based on alginate and methylcellulose are laden with either green microalgae of the species Chlorella vulgaris or with different human cell lines including immortilized human mesenchymal stem cells, SaOS-2 and HepG2, as well as with primary human dental pulp stem cells. The bioinks are filled into printing cartridges and stored at 4°C for up to four weeks. Printability of the bioinks is maintained after storage. Viability and function of the cells embedded in constructs bioprinted from the stored bioinks are investigated during subsequent cultivation: The microalgae survive the storage period very well and show no loss of growth and functionality, however a significant decrease is visible for human cells, varying between the different cell types. The study demonstrates that storage of bioinks is in principle possible and is a promising starting point for future research, making complex printing processes more effective and reproducible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Windisch
- Centre for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Olena Reinhardt
- Centre for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Sarah Duin
- Centre for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Kathleen Schütz
- Centre for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Nuria Juliana Novoa Rodriguez
- Centre for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Suihong Liu
- Centre for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Anja Lode
- Centre for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael Gelinsky
- Centre for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
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Bi Z, Shi X, Liao S, Li X, Sun C, Liu J. Strategies of immobilizing BMP-2 with 3D-printed scaffolds to improve osteogenesis. Regen Med 2023; 18:425-441. [PMID: 37125508 DOI: 10.2217/rme-2022-0222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The management and definitive treatment of critical-size bone defects in severe trauma, tumor resection and congenital malformation are troublesome for orthopedic surgeons and patients worldwide without recognized good treatment strategies. Researchers and clinicians are working to develop new strategies to treat these problems. This review aims to summarize the techniques used by additive manufacturing scaffolds loaded with BMP-2 to promote osteogenesis and to analyze the current status and trends in relevant clinical translation. Optimize composite scaffold design to enhance bone regeneration through printing technology, material selection, structure design and loading methods of BMP-2 to advance the clinical therapeutic bone repair field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiguo Bi
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130021, China
| | - Xiaotong Shi
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130021, China
| | - Shiyu Liao
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130021, China
| | - Xiao Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130021, China
| | - Chao Sun
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130021, China
| | - Jianguo Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130021, China
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Kilian D, Poddar A, Desrochers V, Heinemann C, Halfter N, Liu S, Rother S, Gelinsky M, Hintze V, Lode A. Cellular adhesion and chondrogenic differentiation inside an alginate-based bioink in response to tailorable artificial matrices and tannic acid treatment. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2023; 147:213319. [PMID: 36758282 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2023.213319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Many established bioinks fulfill important requirements regarding fabrication standards and cytocompatibility. Current research focuses on development of functionalized bioinks with an improved support of tissue-specific cell differentiation. Many approaches primarily depend on decellularized extracellular matrices or blood components. In this study, we investigated the combination of a highly viscous alginate-methylcellulose (algMC) bioink with collagen-based artificial extracellular matrix (aECM) as a finely controllable and tailorable system composed of collagen type I (col) with and without chondroitin sulfate (CS) or sulfated hyaluronan (sHA). As an additional stabilizer, the polyphenol tannic acid (TA) was integrated into the inks. The assessment of rheological properties and printability as well as hydrogel microstructure revealed no adverse effect of the integrated components on the inks. Viability, adhesion, and proliferation of bioprinted immortalized human mesenchymal stem cells (hTERT-MSC) was improved indicating enhanced interaction with the designed microenvironment. Furthermore, chondrogenic matrix production (collagen type II and sulfated glycosaminoglycans) by primary human chondrocytes (hChon) was enhanced by aECM. Supplementing the inks with TA was required for these positive effects but caused cytotoxicity as soon as TA concentrations exceeded a certain amount. Thus, combining tailorable aECM with algMC and balanced TA addition proved to be a promising approach for promoting adhesion of immortalized stem cells and differentiation of chondrocytes in bioprinted scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Kilian
- Centre for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Aayush Poddar
- Centre for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Vanessa Desrochers
- Centre for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Christiane Heinemann
- Institute of Materials Science, Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, Technische Universität Dresden, Budapester Strasse 27, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Norbert Halfter
- Institute of Materials Science, Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, Technische Universität Dresden, Budapester Strasse 27, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Suihong Liu
- Centre for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany; Rapid Manufacturing Engineering Center, School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Sandra Rother
- Institute of Materials Science, Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, Technische Universität Dresden, Budapester Strasse 27, 01069 Dresden, Germany; Center for Molecular Signaling (PZMS), Saarland University School of Medicine, Homburg, Saar, Germany
| | - Michael Gelinsky
- Centre for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Vera Hintze
- Institute of Materials Science, Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, Technische Universität Dresden, Budapester Strasse 27, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Anja Lode
- Centre for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany.
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Liu S, Kilian D, Ahlfeld T, Hu Q, Gelinsky M. Egg white improves the biological properties of an alginate-methylcellulose bioink for 3D bioprinting of volumetric bone constructs. Biofabrication 2023; 15. [PMID: 36735961 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/acb8dc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional microextrusion bioprinting has attracted great interest for fabrication of hierarchically structured, functional tissue substitutes with spatially defined cell distribution. Despite considerable progress, several significant limitations remain such as a lack of suitable bioinks which combine favorable cell response with high shape fidelity. Therefore, in this work a novel bioink of alginate-methylcellulose (AlgMC) blend functionalized with egg white (EW) was developed with the aim of solving this limitation. In this regard, a stepwise strategy was proposed to improve and examine the cell response in low-viscosity alginate inks (3%, w/v) with different EW concentrations, and in high-viscosity inks after gradual methylcellulose addition for enhancing printability. The rheological properties and printability of these cell-responsive bioinks were characterized to obtain an optimized formulation eliciting balanced physicochemical and biological properties for fabrication of volumetric scaffolds. The bioprinted AlgMC + EW constructs exhibited excellent shape fidelity while encapsulated human mesenchymal stem cells showed high post-printing viability as well as adhesion and spreading within the matrix. In a proof-of-concept experiment, the impact of these EW-mediated effects on osteogenesis of bioprinted primary human pre-osteoblasts (hOB) was evaluated. Results confirmed a high viability of hOB (93.7 ± 0.15%) post-fabrication in an EW-supported AlgMC bioink allowing cell adhesion, proliferation and migration. EW even promoted the expression of osteogenic genes, coding for bone sialoprotein (integrin binding sialoprotein/bone sialoprotein precursor (IBSP)) and osteocalcin (BGLAP) on mRNA level. To demonstrate the suitability of the novel ink for future fabrication of multi-zonal bone substitutes, AlgMC + EW was successfully co-printed together with a pasty calcium phosphate bone cement biomaterial ink to achieve a partly mineralized 3D volumetric environment with good cell viability and spreading. Along with the EW-mediated positive effects within bioprinted AlgMC-based scaffolds, this highlighted the promising potential of this novel ink for biofabrication of bone tissue substitutes in clinically relevant dimensions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suihong Liu
- Centre for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany.,Rapid Manufacturing Engineering Center, School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Intelligent Manufacturing and Robotics, School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, People's Republic of China
| | - David Kilian
- Centre for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Tilman Ahlfeld
- Centre for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Qingxi Hu
- Rapid Manufacturing Engineering Center, School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Intelligent Manufacturing and Robotics, School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, People's Republic of China.,National Demonstration Center for Experimental Engineering Training Education, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, People's Republic of China
| | - Michael Gelinsky
- Centre for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
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11
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Combined application of BMP-2 and naturally occurring bioactive factor mixtures for the optimized therapy of segmental bone defects. Acta Biomater 2023; 157:162-174. [PMID: 36481501 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.11.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Critical bone defects are the result of traumatic, infection- or tumor-induced segmental bone loss and represent a therapeutic problem that has not been solved by current reconstructive or regenerative strategies yet. Scaffolds functionalized with naturally occurring bioactive factor mixtures show a promising chemotactic and angiogenic potential in vitro and therefore might stimulate bone regeneration in vivo. To assess this prospect, the study targets at heparin-modified mineralized collagen scaffolds functionalized with naturally occurring bioactive factor mixtures and/or rhBMP-2. These scaffolds were implanted into a 2-mm segmental femoral defect in mice and analyzed in respect to newly formed bone volume (BV) and bone mineral density (BMD) by micro-computed tomography scans after an observation period of 6 weeks. To rate the degree of defect healing, the number of vessels, and the activity of osteoclasts and osteoblasts were analyzed histologically. The sole application of bioactive factor mixtures is inferior to the use of the recombinant growth factor rhBMP-2 regarding BV and degree of defect healing. A higher rhBMP-2 concentration or the combination with bioactive factor mixtures does not lead to a further enhancement in defect healing. Possibly, a synergistic effect can be achieved by further concentration or a prolonged release of bioactive factor mixtures. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: The successful therapy of extended bone defects is still a major challenge in clinical routine. In this study we investigated the bone regenerative potential of naturally occuring bioactive factor mixtures derived from platelet concentrates, adipose tissue and cell secretomes as a cheap and promising alternative to recombinant growth factors in a murine segmental bone defect model. The mixtures alone were not able to induce complete bridging of the bone defect, but in combination with bone morphogenetic protein 2 bone healing seemed to be more physiological. The results show that naturally occuring bioactive factor mixtures are a promising add-on in a clinical setting.
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Liu S, Cheng L, Liu Y, Zhang H, Song Y, Park JH, Dashnyam K, Lee JH, Khalak FAH, Riester O, Shi Z, Ostrovidov S, Kaji H, Deigner HP, Pedraz JL, Knowles JC, Hu Q, Kim HW, Ramalingam M. 3D Bioprinting tissue analogs: Current development and translational implications. J Tissue Eng 2023; 14:20417314231187113. [PMID: 37464999 PMCID: PMC10350769 DOI: 10.1177/20417314231187113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting is a promising and rapidly evolving technology in the field of additive manufacturing. It enables the fabrication of living cellular constructs with complex architectures that are suitable for various biomedical applications, such as tissue engineering, disease modeling, drug screening, and precision regenerative medicine. The ultimate goal of bioprinting is to produce stable, anatomically-shaped, human-scale functional organs or tissue substitutes that can be implanted. Although various bioprinting techniques have emerged to develop customized tissue-engineering substitutes over the past decade, several challenges remain in fabricating volumetric tissue constructs with complex shapes and sizes and translating the printed products into clinical practice. Thus, it is crucial to develop a successful strategy for translating research outputs into clinical practice to address the current organ and tissue crises and improve patients' quality of life. This review article discusses the challenges of the existing bioprinting processes in preparing clinically relevant tissue substitutes. It further reviews various strategies and technical feasibility to overcome the challenges that limit the fabrication of volumetric biological constructs and their translational implications. Additionally, the article highlights exciting technological advances in the 3D bioprinting of anatomically shaped tissue substitutes and suggests future research and development directions. This review aims to provide readers with insight into the state-of-the-art 3D bioprinting techniques as powerful tools in engineering functional tissues and organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suihong Liu
- Centre for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Rapid Manufacturing Engineering Center, School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Intelligent Manufacturing and Robotics, School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Engineering Training Education, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lijia Cheng
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Clinical Medical College and Affiliated Hospital, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yakui Liu
- Centre for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Haiguang Zhang
- Rapid Manufacturing Engineering Center, School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Intelligent Manufacturing and Robotics, School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Engineering Training Education, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongteng Song
- Rapid Manufacturing Engineering Center, School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jeong-Hui Park
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering, Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science, BK21 NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea
- Mechanobiology Dental Medicine Research Center, Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Khandmaa Dashnyam
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering, Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Jung-Hwan Lee
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering, Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science, BK21 NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea
- Mechanobiology Dental Medicine Research Center, Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea
- UCL Eastman-Korea Dental Medicine Innovation Centre, Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Fouad Al-Hakim Khalak
- NanoBioCel Research Group, Laboratory of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
- Networking Research Centre of Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Oliver Riester
- Institute of Precision Medicine, Furtwangen University, Jakob-Kienzle-Strasse 17, Villingen-Schwenningen, Germany
| | - Zheng Shi
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Clinical Medical College and Affiliated Hospital, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Serge Ostrovidov
- Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Systems Engineering, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Kaji
- Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Systems Engineering, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hans-Peter Deigner
- Institute of Precision Medicine, Furtwangen University, Jakob-Kienzle-Strasse 17, Villingen-Schwenningen, Germany
| | - José Luis Pedraz
- NanoBioCel Research Group, Laboratory of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
- Networking Research Centre of Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jonathan C Knowles
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering, Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science, BK21 NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea
- UCL Eastman-Korea Dental Medicine Innovation Centre, Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea
- Division of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, Royal Free Hospital, Rowland Hill Street, London, UK
| | - Qingxi Hu
- Rapid Manufacturing Engineering Center, School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Intelligent Manufacturing and Robotics, School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Engineering Training Education, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hae-Won Kim
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering, Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science, BK21 NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea
- Mechanobiology Dental Medicine Research Center, Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea
- UCL Eastman-Korea Dental Medicine Innovation Centre, Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Murugan Ramalingam
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Clinical Medical College and Affiliated Hospital, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Precision Medicine, Furtwangen University, Jakob-Kienzle-Strasse 17, Villingen-Schwenningen, Germany
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
- Joint Research Laboratory on Advanced Pharma Development Initiative, A Joined Venture of TECNALIA and School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/ EHU), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
- Bioprinting Laboratory, Centro de investigación Lascaray Ikergunea, Avenida Miguel de Unamuno, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Atilim University, Ankara, Turkey
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
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Mohan TS, Datta P, Nesaei S, Ozbolat V, Ozbolat IT. 3D Coaxial Bioprinting: Process Mechanisms, Bioinks and Applications. PROGRESS IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING (BRISTOL, ENGLAND) 2022; 4:022003. [PMID: 35573639 PMCID: PMC9103990 DOI: 10.1088/2516-1091/ac631c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
In the last decade, bioprinting has emerged as a facile technique for fabricating tissues constructs mimicking the architectural complexity and compositional heterogeneity of native tissues. Amongst different bioprinting modalities, extrusion-based bioprinting (EBB) is the most widely used technique. Coaxial bioprinting, a type of EBB, enables fabrication of concentric cell-material layers and enlarges the scope of EBB to mimic several key aspects of native tissues. Over the period of development of bioprinting, tissue constructs integrated with vascular networks, have been one of the major achievements made possible largely by coaxial bioprinting. In this review, current advancements in biofabrication of constructs with coaxial bioprinting are discussed with a focus on different bioinks that are particularly suitable for this modality. This review also expounds the properties of different bioinks suitable for coaxial bioprinting and then analyses the key achievements made by the application of coaxial bioprinting in tissue engineering, drug delivery and in-vitro disease modelling. The major limitations and future perspectives on the critical factors that will determine the ultimate clinical translation of the versatile technique are also presented to the reader.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarun Shyam Mohan
- Centre for Healthcare Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Howrah, West Bengal, India
| | - Pallab Datta
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Sepehr Nesaei
- The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Penn State University, University Park, PA, United States of America
- Engineering Science and Mechanics Department, Penn State University, University Park, PA, United States of America
| | - Veli Ozbolat
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ceyhan Engineering Faculty, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Ibrahim T Ozbolat
- The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Penn State University, University Park, PA, United States of America
- Engineering Science and Mechanics Department, Penn State University, University Park, PA, United States of America
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Penn State University, University Park, PA, United States of America
- Materials Research Institute, Penn State University, University Park, PA, United States of America
- Department of Neurosurgery, Penn State University, Hershey, PA, United States of America
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Addition of High Acyl Gellan Gum to Low Acyl Gellan Gum Enables the Blends 3D Bioprintable. Gels 2022; 8:gels8040199. [PMID: 35448100 PMCID: PMC9030627 DOI: 10.3390/gels8040199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-term stability of gellan gum (GG) at physiological conditions is expected, as very low concentration of divalent ions are required for crosslinking, as compared to alginate—which is extensively used for tissue engineering (TE) applications. Hence, GG is proposed as an ideal candidate to substitute alginate for TE. Deacylated (low acyl; LA) GG forms brittle gels, thus only low concentrations were used for cell encapsulation, whereas acylated (high acyl; HA) GG forms weak/soft gels. 3D bioprinting using pure LAGG or HAGG is not possible owing to their rheological properties. Here, we report development and characterization of bioprintable blends of LAGG and HAGG. Increase in HAGG in the blends improved shear recovery and shape fidelity of printed scaffolds. Low volumetric swelling observed in cell culture conditions over 14 days indicates stability. Volumetric scaffolds were successfully printed and their mechanical properties were determined by uniaxial compressive testing. Mesenchymal stem cells bioprinted in blends of 3% LAGG and 3% HAGG survived the printing process showing >80% viability; a gradual decrease in cell numbers was observed over 21 days of culture. However, exploiting intrinsic advantages of 3D bioprinting, LAGG/HAGG blends open up numerous possibilities to improve and/or tailor various aspects required for TE.
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Treatment of Critical Size Femoral Bone Defects with Biomimetic Hybrid Scaffolds of 3D Plotted Calcium Phosphate Cement and Mineralized Collagen Matrix. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063400. [PMID: 35328820 PMCID: PMC8949113 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
To treat critical-size bone defects, composite materials and tissue-engineered bone grafts play important roles in bone repair materials. The purpose of this study was to investigate the bone regenerative potential of hybrid scaffolds consisting of macroporous calcium phosphate cement (CPC) and microporous mineralized collagen matrix (MCM). Hybrid scaffolds were synthetized by 3D plotting CPC and then filling with MCM (MCM-CPC group) and implanted into a 5 mm critical size femoral defect in rats. Defects left empty (control group) as well as defects treated with scaffolds made of CPC only (CPC group) and MCM only (MCM group) served as controls. Eight weeks after surgery, micro-computed tomography scans and histological analysis were performed to analyze the newly formed bone, the degree of defect healing and the activity of osteoclasts. Mechanical stability was tested by 3-point-bending of the explanted femora. Compared with the other groups, more newly formed bone was found within MCM-CPC scaffolds. The new bone tissue had a clamp-like structure which was fully connected to the hybrid scaffolds and thereby enhanced the biomechanical strength. Together, the biomimetic hybrid MCM-CPC scaffolds enhanced bone defect healing by improved osseointegration and their differentiated degradation provides spatial effects in the process of critical-bone defect healing.
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16
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Santos-Beato P, Midha S, Pitsillides AA, Miller A, Torii R, Kalaskar DM. Biofabrication of the osteochondral unit and its applications: Current and future directions for 3D bioprinting. J Tissue Eng 2022; 13:20417314221133480. [PMID: 36386465 PMCID: PMC9643769 DOI: 10.1177/20417314221133480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple prevalent diseases, such as osteoarthritis (OA), for which there is no cure or full understanding, affect the osteochondral unit; a complex interface tissue whose architecture, mechanical nature and physiological characteristics are still yet to be successfully reproduced in vitro. Although there have been multiple tissue engineering-based approaches to recapitulate the three dimensional (3D) structural complexity of the osteochondral unit, there are various aspects that still need to be improved. This review presents the different pre-requisites necessary to develop a human osteochondral unit construct and focuses on 3D bioprinting as a promising manufacturing technique. Examples of 3D bioprinted osteochondral tissues are reviewed, focusing on the most used bioinks, chosen cell types and growth factors. Further information regarding the applications of these 3D bioprinted tissues in the fields of disease modelling, drug testing and implantation is presented. Finally, special attention is given to the limitations that currently hold back these 3D bioprinted tissues from being used as models to investigate diseases such as OA. Information regarding improvements needed in bioink development, bioreactor use, vascularisation and inclusion of additional tissues to further complete an OA disease model, are presented. Overall, this review gives an overview of the evolution in 3D bioprinting of the osteochondral unit and its applications, as well as further illustrating limitations and improvements that could be performed explicitly for disease modelling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Swati Midha
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology,
University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Aline Miller
- Department of Chemical Engineering,
University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Ryo Torii
- Department of Mechanical Engineering,
University College London, London, UK
| | - Deepak M Kalaskar
- Institute of Orthopaedics and
Musculoskeletal Science, Division of Surgery & Interventional Science,
University College London (UCL), UK
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