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Lan X, Boluk Y, Adesida AB. 3D Bioprinting of Hyaline Cartilage Using Nasal Chondrocytes. Ann Biomed Eng 2024; 52:1816-1834. [PMID: 36952145 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-023-03176-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
Due to the limited self-repair capacity of the hyaline cartilage, the repair of cartilage remains an unsolved clinical problem. Tissue engineering strategy with 3D bioprinting technique has emerged a new insight by providing patient's personalized cartilage grafts using autologous cells for hyaline cartilage repair and regeneration. In this review, we first summarized the intrinsic property of hyaline cartilage in both maxillofacial and orthopedic regions to establish the requirement for 3D bioprinting cartilage tissue. We then reviewed the literature and provided opinion pieces on the selection of bioprinters, bioink materials, and cell sources. This review aims to identify the current challenges for hyaline cartilage bioprinting and the directions for future clinical development in bioprinted hyaline cartilage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyi Lan
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Yaman Boluk
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
| | - Adetola B Adesida
- Department of Surgery, Divisions of Orthopedic Surgery & Surgical Research, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Research Innovation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
- Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Research Innovation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
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2
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Shen J, Ye D, Jin H, Wu Y, Peng L, Liang Y. Porcine nasal septum cartilage-derived decellularized matrix promotes chondrogenic differentiation of human umbilical mesenchymal stem cells without exogenous growth factors. J Mater Chem B 2024; 12:5513-5524. [PMID: 38745541 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb03077f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the domain of plastic surgery, nasal cartilage regeneration is of significant importance. The extracellular matrix (ECM) from porcine nasal septum cartilage has shown potential for promoting human cartilage regeneration. Nonetheless, the specific biological inductive factors and their pathways in cartilage tissue engineering remain undefined. METHODS The decellularized matrix derived from porcine nasal septum cartilage (PN-DCM) was prepared using a grinding method. Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (HuMSCs) were cultured on these PN-DCM scaffolds for 4 weeks without exogenous growth factors to evaluate their chondroinductive potential. Subsequently, proteomic analysis was employed to identify potential biological inductive factors within the PN-DCM scaffolds. RESULTS Compared to the TGF-β3-cultured pellet model serving as a positive control, the PN-DCM scaffolds promoted significant deposition of a Safranin-O positive matrix and Type II collagen by HuMSCs. Gene expression profiling revealed upregulation of ACAN, COL2A1, and SOX9. Proteomic analysis identified potential chondroinductive factors in the PN-DCM scaffolds, including CYTL1, CTGF, MGP, ITGB1, BMP7, and GDF5, which influence HuMSC differentiation. CONCLUSION Our findings have demonstrated that the PN-DCM scaffolds promoted HuMSC differentiation towards a nasal chondrocyte phenotype without the supplementation of exogenous growth factors. This outcome is associated with the chondroinductive factors present within the PN-DCM scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinpeng Shen
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Guizhou, P. R. China.
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Burn Center, Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, P. R. China.
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Taizhou Enze Medical Center, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Danyan Ye
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Hao Jin
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, P. R. China
| | - Yongxuan Wu
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Burn Center, Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, P. R. China.
| | - Lihong Peng
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Burn Center, Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, P. R. China.
| | - Yan Liang
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Guizhou, P. R. China.
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3
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Zhang C, Wang G, An Y. Achieving Nasal Septal Cartilage In Situ Regeneration: Focus on Cartilage Progenitor Cells. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1302. [PMID: 37759702 PMCID: PMC10527213 DOI: 10.3390/biom13091302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The nasal septal cartilage plays an important role in preventing the collapse of the nasal bones and maintaining the appearance of the nose. In the context of inherent difficulties regarding septal cartilage repair and the shortage of cartilage graft resources for regeneration, tissue engineering, especially the in situ strategy based on scaffolds, has become a new prospect and become one of the most promising approaches. Given that it is difficult for chondrocytes to achieve directional migration and secrete matrix components to participate in tissue repair after cartilage injury, cartilage progenitor cells (CPCs), with great migratory ability and stem cell characteristics, have caught the attention of researchers and brought hope for nasal septal cartilage in situ regeneration. In this review, we first summarized the distribution, characteristics, isolation, and culture methods of nasal septal CPCs. Subsequently, we described the roles of migratory CPCs in cartilage regeneration. Finally, we reviewed the existing studies on CPCs-based cartilage tissue engineering and summarized the strategies for promoting the migration and chondrogenesis of CPCs so as to provide ideas for achieving nasal septal cartilage in situ regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yang An
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 North Garden Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China; (C.Z.)
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4
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Chiesa-Estomba CM, Hernáez-Moya R, Rodiño C, Delgado A, Fernández-Blanco G, Aldazabal J, Paredes J, Izeta A, Aiastui A. Ex Vivo Maturation of 3D-Printed, Chondrocyte-Laden, Polycaprolactone-Based Scaffolds Prior to Transplantation Improves Engineered Cartilage Substitute Properties and Integration. Cartilage 2022; 13:105-118. [PMID: 36250422 PMCID: PMC9924975 DOI: 10.1177/19476035221127638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The surgical management of nasal septal defects due to perforations, malformations, congenital cartilage absence, traumatic defects, or tumors would benefit from availability of optimally matured septal cartilage substitutes. Here, we aimed to improve in vitro maturation of 3-dimensional (3D)-printed, cell-laden polycaprolactone (PCL)-based scaffolds and test their in vivo performance in a rabbit auricular cartilage model. DESIGN Rabbit auricular chondrocytes were isolated, cultured, and seeded on 3D-printed PCL scaffolds. The scaffolds were cultured for 21 days in vitro under standard culture media and normoxia or in prochondrogenic and hypoxia conditions, respectively. Cell-laden scaffolds (as well as acellular controls) were implanted into perichondrium pockets of New Zealand white rabbit ears (N = 5 per group) and followed up for 12 weeks. At study end point, the tissue-engineered scaffolds were extracted and tested by histological, immunohistochemical, mechanical, and biochemical assays. RESULTS Scaffolds previously matured in vitro under prochondrogenic hypoxic conditions showed superior mechanical properties as well as improved patterns of cartilage matrix deposition, chondrogenic gene expression (COL1A1, COL2A1, ACAN, SOX9, COL10A1), and proteoglycan production in vivo, compared with scaffolds cultured in standard conditions. CONCLUSIONS In vitro maturation of engineered cartilage scaffolds under prochondrogenic conditions that better mimic the in vivo environment may be beneficial to improve functional properties of the engineered grafts. The proposed maturation strategy may also be of use for other tissue-engineered constructs and may ultimately impact survival and integration of the grafts in the damaged tissue microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos M. Chiesa-Estomba
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head
and Neck Surgery, Osakidetza, Donostia University Hospital, San Sebastián,
Spain,Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck
Surgery Group, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Raquel Hernáez-Moya
- Multidisciplinary 3D Printing Platform,
Biodonostia Health Research Institute, San Sebastián, Spain,ISCIII Platform of Biobanks and
Biomodels, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Claudia Rodiño
- Histology Platform, Biodonostia Health
Research Institute, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Alba Delgado
- Histology Platform, Biodonostia Health
Research Institute, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Gonzalo Fernández-Blanco
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
and Sciences, School of Engineering, Tecnun-University of Navarra, San Sebastián,
Spain
| | - Javier Aldazabal
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
and Sciences, School of Engineering, Tecnun-University of Navarra, San Sebastián,
Spain
| | - Jacobo Paredes
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
and Sciences, School of Engineering, Tecnun-University of Navarra, San Sebastián,
Spain
| | - Ander Izeta
- Multidisciplinary 3D Printing Platform,
Biodonostia Health Research Institute, San Sebastián, Spain,ISCIII Platform of Biobanks and
Biomodels, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain,Department of Biomedical Engineering
and Sciences, School of Engineering, Tecnun-University of Navarra, San Sebastián,
Spain,Tissue Engineering Group, Biodonostia
Health Research Institute, San Sebastián, Spain,Ander Izeta, Tissue Engineering Group,
Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Paseo Doctor Begiristain s/n, 20014 San
Sebastián, Spain.
| | - Ana Aiastui
- Multidisciplinary 3D Printing Platform,
Biodonostia Health Research Institute, San Sebastián, Spain,ISCIII Platform of Biobanks and
Biomodels, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain,Histology Platform, Biodonostia Health
Research Institute, San Sebastián, Spain
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5
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Levingstone TJ, Sheehy EJ, Moran CJ, Cunniffe GM, Diaz Payno PJ, Brady RT, Almeida HV, Carroll SF, O’Byrne JM, Kelly DJ, Brama PAJ, O’ Brien FJ. Evaluation of a co-culture of rapidly isolated chondrocytes and stem cells seeded on tri-layered collagen-based scaffolds in a caprine osteochondral defect model. BIOMATERIALS AND BIOSYSTEMS 2022; 8:100066. [PMID: 36824377 PMCID: PMC9934472 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbiosy.2022.100066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Cartilage has poor regenerative capacity and thus damage to the joint surfaces presents a major clinical challenge. Recent research has focussed on the development of tissue-engineered and cell-based approaches for the treatment of cartilage and osteochondral injuries, with current clinically available cell-based approaches including autologous chondrocyte implantation and matrix-assisted autologous chondrocyte implantation. However, these approaches have significant disadvantages due to the requirement for a two-stage surgical procedure and an in vitro chondrocyte expansion phase which increases logistical challenges, hospital times and costs. In this study, we hypothesized that seeding biomimetic tri-layered scaffolds, with proven regenerative potential, with chondrocyte/infrapatellar fat pad stromal cell co-cultures would improve their regenerative capacity compared to scaffolds implanted cell-free. Rapid cell isolation techniques, without the requirement for long term in vitro culture, were utilised to achieve co-cultures of chondrocytes and stromal cells and thus overcome the limitations of existing cell-based techniques. Cell-free and cell-seeded scaffolds were implanted in osteochondral defects, created within the femoral condyle and trochlear ridge, in a translational large animal goat model. While analysis showed trends towards delayed subchondral bone healing in the cell-seeded scaffold group, by the 12 month timepoint the cell-free and cell-seeded groups yield cartilage and bone tissue with comparable quality and quantity. The results of the study reinforce the potential of the biomimetic tri-layered scaffold to repair joint defects but failed to demonstrate a clear benefit from the addition of the CC/FPMSC co-culture to this scaffold. Taking into consideration the additional cost and complexity associated with the cell-seeded scaffold approach, this study demonstrates that the treatment of osteochondral defects using cell-free tri-layered scaffolds may represent a more prudent clinical approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya J. Levingstone
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland,Centre for Medical Engineering Research (MEDeng), Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland,Advanced Processing Technology Research Centre, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland,Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), 123St. Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland,Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering (TCBE), Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin (TCD), Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Eamon J. Sheehy
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), 123St. Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland,Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering (TCBE), Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin (TCD), Dublin 2, Ireland,Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research (AMBER) Centre, RCSI & TCD, Ireland
| | - Conor J. Moran
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), 123St. Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland,Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering (TCBE), Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin (TCD), Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Gráinne M. Cunniffe
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering (TCBE), Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin (TCD), Dublin 2, Ireland,Department of Mechanical, Manufacturing and Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland,National Spinal Injuries Unit, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Pedro J. Diaz Payno
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering (TCBE), Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin (TCD), Dublin 2, Ireland,Department of Mechanical, Manufacturing and Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Robert T. Brady
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), 123St. Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland,Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering (TCBE), Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin (TCD), Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Henrique V. Almeida
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering (TCBE), Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin (TCD), Dublin 2, Ireland,Department of Mechanical, Manufacturing and Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland,iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal,Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Simon F. Carroll
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering (TCBE), Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin (TCD), Dublin 2, Ireland,Department of Mechanical, Manufacturing and Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| | - John M. O’Byrne
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), 123St. Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland,Cappagh National Orthopaedic Hospital, Finglas, Dublin 11, Ireland
| | - Daniel J. Kelly
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering (TCBE), Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin (TCD), Dublin 2, Ireland,Department of Mechanical, Manufacturing and Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Pieter AJ. Brama
- Section Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Fergal J. O’ Brien
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), 123St. Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland,Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering (TCBE), Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin (TCD), Dublin 2, Ireland,Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research (AMBER) Centre, RCSI & TCD, Ireland,Corresponding author at: Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123St. Stephen's Green, Ireland
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6
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Wang C, Liu A, Liao Q, Zhong D. Umbilical Cord Wharton’s Jelly Could be the Potential Precursor of Cartilage Tissue Engineering Complex. J BIOMATER TISS ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1166/jbt.2022.3151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to investigate the structure and composition of human umbilical cord Wharton’s jelly. Umbilical cord was obtained from the newborn in the operating room of our hospital. The transverse and longitudinal sections of umbilical cord were analyzed by hematoxylin-eosin (H&E)
staining. The ultrastructure of umbilical cord Wharton’s jelly was observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM). H&E stain and SEM observation indicate that the collagen fiber closing to the blood vessels is consistent with the direction of the blood vessels. At the peripheral
of the umbilical cord, the mainly direction of the collagen fiber surrounds vessels. At the same time, the density of collagen fiber including Collagen I, Collagen II, and Collagen III from outside to inside gradually becomes dense. Furthermore, Wharton’s jelly is enriched with Collagen
fiber, glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), water and cells. The mean density of cells in Wharton’s jelly was 2.04×106 cell/g, and the mean percentage of MSCs was 54.67% of all separated cells. The structure and composition of the Wharton’s jelly are similar with cartilage.
Therefore, Wharton’s jelly is supposed to be a suitable biological material for cartilage tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenggong Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, China
| | - Ansong Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, China
| | - Qiande Liao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, China
| | - Da Zhong
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, China
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7
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Kurenkova AD, Romanova IA, Kibirskiy PD, Timashev P, Medvedeva EV. Strategies to Convert Cells into Hyaline Cartilage: Magic Spells for Adult Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911169. [PMID: 36232468 PMCID: PMC9570095 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Damaged hyaline cartilage gradually decreases joint function and growing pain significantly reduces the quality of a patient’s life. The clinically approved procedure of autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) for treating knee cartilage lesions has several limits, including the absence of healthy articular cartilage tissues for cell isolation and difficulties related to the chondrocyte expansion in vitro. Today, various ACI modifications are being developed using autologous chondrocytes from alternative sources, such as the auricles, nose and ribs. Adult stem cells from different tissues are also of great interest due to their less traumatic material extraction and their innate abilities of active proliferation and chondrogenic differentiation. According to the different adult stem cell types and their origin, various strategies have been proposed for stem cell expansion and initiation of their chondrogenic differentiation. The current review presents the diversity in developing applied techniques based on autologous adult stem cell differentiation to hyaline cartilage tissue and targeted to articular cartilage damage therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasiia D. Kurenkova
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia or
| | - Irina A. Romanova
- World-Class Research Center “Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare”, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Pavel D. Kibirskiy
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia or
| | - Peter Timashev
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia or
- World-Class Research Center “Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare”, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ekaterina V. Medvedeva
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia or
- Correspondence:
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8
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Baranovskii D, Demner J, Nürnberger S, Lyundup A, Redl H, Hilpert M, Pigeot S, Krasheninnikov M, Krasilnikova O, Klabukov I, Parshin V, Martin I, Lardinois D, Barbero A. Engineering of Tracheal Grafts Based on Recellularization of Laser-Engraved Human Airway Cartilage Substrates. Cartilage 2022; 13:19476035221075951. [PMID: 35189712 PMCID: PMC9137320 DOI: 10.1177/19476035221075951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Implantation of tissue-engineered tracheal grafts represents a visionary strategy for the reconstruction of tracheal wall defects after resections and may develop into a last chance for a number of patients with severe cicatricial stenosis. The use of a decellularized tracheal substrate would offer an ideally stiff graft, but the matrix density would challenge efficient remodeling into a living cartilage. In this study, we hypothesized that the pores of decellularized laser-perforated tracheal cartilage (LPTC) tissues can be colonized by adult nasal chondrocytes (NCs) to produce new cartilage tissue suitable for the repair of tracheal defects. DESIGN Human, native tracheal specimens, isolated from cadaveric donors, were exposed to decellularized and laser engraving-controlled superficial perforation (300 μm depth). Human or rabbit NCs were cultured on the LPTCs for 1 week. The resulting revitalized tissues were implanted ectopically in nude mice or orthotopically in tracheal wall defects in rabbits. Tissues were assayed histologically and by microtomography analyses before and after implantation. RESULTS NCs were able to efficiently colonize the pores of the LPTCs. The extent of colonization (i.e., percentage of viable cells spanning >300 μm of tissue depth), cell morphology, and cartilage matrix deposition improved once the revitalized constructs were implanted ectopically in nude mice. LPTCs could be successfully grafted onto the tracheal wall of rabbits without any evidence of dislocation or tracheal stenosis, 8 weeks after implantation. Rabbit NCs, within the LPTCs, actively produced new cartilage matrix. CONCLUSION Implantation of NC-revitalized LPTCs represents a feasible strategy for the repair of tracheal wall defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Baranovskii
- Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland,Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland,Department of Regenerative Technologies and Biofabrication, National Medical Research Radiological Center, Obninsk, Russia,Research and Educational Resource Center for Cellular Technologies, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - Jan Demner
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sylvia Nürnberger
- Division of Trauma Surgery, Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria,Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, AUVA Research Center, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexey Lyundup
- Research and Educational Resource Center for Cellular Technologies, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia,Department of Advanced Cell Technologies, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Heinz Redl
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, AUVA Research Center, Vienna, Austria
| | - Morgane Hilpert
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sebastien Pigeot
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michael Krasheninnikov
- Research and Educational Resource Center for Cellular Technologies, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga Krasilnikova
- Department of Regenerative Technologies and Biofabrication, National Medical Research Radiological Center, Obninsk, Russia,Department of Advanced Cell Technologies, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ilya Klabukov
- Department of Regenerative Technologies and Biofabrication, National Medical Research Radiological Center, Obninsk, Russia,Department of Advanced Cell Technologies, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir Parshin
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ivan Martin
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland,Ivan Martin, Department of Biomedicine, Tissue Engineering Laboratory, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, 4031, Switzerland.
| | | | - Andrea Barbero
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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9
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Baddam P, Bayona-Rodriguez F, Campbell SM, El-Hakim H, Graf D. Properties of the Nasal Cartilage, from Development to Adulthood: A Scoping Review. Cartilage 2022; 13:19476035221087696. [PMID: 35345900 PMCID: PMC9137313 DOI: 10.1177/19476035221087696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Nasal septum cartilage is a hyaline cartilage that provides structural support to the nasal cavity and midface. Currently, information on its cellular and mechanical properties is widely dispersed and has often been inferred from studies conducted on other cartilage types such as the knee. A detailed understanding of nasal cartilage properties is important for several biological, clinical, and engineering disciplines. The objectives of this scoping review are to (1) consolidate actual existing knowledge on nasal cartilage properties and (2) identify gaps of knowledge and research questions requiring future investigations. DESIGN This scoping review incorporated articles identified using PROSPERO, Cochrane Library (CDSR and Central), WOS BIOSIS, WOS Core Collection, and ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global databases. Following the screening process, 86 articles were considered. Articles were categorized into three groups: growth, extracellular matrix, and mechanical properties. RESULTS Most articles investigated growth properties followed by extracellular matrix and mechanical properties. NSC cartilage is not uniform. Nasal cartilage growth varies with age and location. Similarly, extracellular matrix composition and mechanical properties are location-specific within the NSC. Moreover, most articles included in the review investigate these properties in isolation and only very few articles demonstrate the interrelationship between multiple cartilage properties. CONCLUSIONS This scoping review presents a first comprehensive description of research on NSC properties with a focus on NSC growth, extracellular matrix and mechanical properties. It additionally identifies the needs (1) to understand how these various cartilage properties intersect and (2) for more granular, standardized assessment protocols to describe NSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranidhi Baddam
- School of Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | | | - Sandra M. Campbell
- John W. Scott Health Sciences Library, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Hamdy El-Hakim
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Daniel Graf
- School of Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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10
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Levingstone TJ, Moran C, Almeida HV, Kelly DJ, O'Brien FJ. Layer-specific stem cell differentiation in tri-layered tissue engineering biomaterials: Towards development of a single-stage cell-based approach for osteochondral defect repair. Mater Today Bio 2021; 12:100173. [PMID: 34901823 PMCID: PMC8640516 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2021.100173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Successful repair of osteochondral defects is challenging, due in part to their complex gradient nature. Tissue engineering approaches have shown promise with the development of layered scaffolds that aim to promote cartilage and bone regeneration within the defect. The clinical potential of implanting these scaffolds cell-free has been demonstrated, whereby cells from the host bone marrow MSCs infiltrate the scaffolds and promote cartilage and bone regeneration within the required regions of the defect. However, seeding the cartilage layer of the scaffold with a chondrogenic cell population prior to implantation may enhance cartilage tissue regeneration, thus enabling the treatment of larger defects. Here the development of a cell seeding approach capable of enhancing articular cartilage repair without the requirement for in vitro expansion of the cell population is explored. The intrinsic ability of a tri-layered scaffold previously developed in our group to direct stem cell differentiation in each layer of the scaffold was first demonstrated. Following this, the optimal chondrogenic cell seeding approach capable of enhancing the regenerative capacity of the tri-layered scaffold was demonstrated with the highest levels of chondrogenesis achieved with a co-culture of rapidly isolated infrapatellar fat pad MSCs (FPMSCs) and chondrocytes (CCs). The addition of FPMSCs to a relatively small number of CCs led to a 7.8-fold increase in the sGAG production over chondrocytes in mono-culture. This cell seeding approach has the potential to be delivered within a single-stage approach, without the requirement for costly in vitro expansion of harvested cells, to achieve rapid repair of osteochondral defects. Tri-layered scaffold capable of directing layer specific stem cell differentiation. Potential of cell seeding regimes to enhance chondrogenic repair explored. Optimal cell seeding regime was an infrapatellar fat pad MSC:chondrocyte coculture. Adding infrapatellar fat pad MSCs to chondrocytes led to >7-fold increase in sGAG. This cell-seeded scaffold has potential for rapid repair of osteochondral defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya J. Levingstone
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), 123 St. Stephen's Green, Dublin, 2, Ireland
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Dublin City University, Dublin, 9, Ireland
- Centre for Medical Engineering Research (MEDeng), Dublin City University, Dublin, 9, Ireland
- Advanced Processing Technology Research Centre, Dublin City University, Dublin, 9, Ireland
- Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, 2, Ireland
- Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research (AMBER) Centre, RCSI & TCD, Ireland
| | - Conor Moran
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), 123 St. Stephen's Green, Dublin, 2, Ireland
- Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, 2, Ireland
- Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research (AMBER) Centre, RCSI & TCD, Ireland
| | - Henrique V. Almeida
- Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, 2, Ireland
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, 2781-901, Oeiras, Portugal
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, 2, Ireland
| | - Daniel J. Kelly
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Dublin City University, Dublin, 9, Ireland
- Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research (AMBER) Centre, RCSI & TCD, Ireland
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, 2, Ireland
| | - Fergal J. O'Brien
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), 123 St. Stephen's Green, Dublin, 2, Ireland
- Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, 2, Ireland
- Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research (AMBER) Centre, RCSI & TCD, Ireland
- Corresponding author. Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), 123 St. Stephen's Green, Dublin, 2, Ireland.
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11
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Zhong Y, Caplan AI, Welter JF, Baskaran H. Glucose Availability Affects Extracellular Matrix Synthesis During Chondrogenesis In Vitro. Tissue Eng Part A 2021; 27:1321-1332. [PMID: 33499734 PMCID: PMC8610032 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2020.0144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding in vitro chondrogenesis of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) is important as it holds great promise for cartilage tissue engineering and other applications. The current technology produces the end tissue quality that is highly variable and dependent on culture conditions. We investigated the effect of nutrient availability on hMSC chondrogenesis in a static aggregate culture system by varying the medium-change frequency together with starting glucose levels. Glucose uptake and lactate secretion profiles were obtained to monitor the metabolism change during hMSC chondrogenesis with different culture conditions. Higher medium-change frequency led to increases in cumulative glucose uptake for all starting glucose levels. Furthermore, increase in glucose uptake by aggregates led to increased end tissue glycosaminoglycan (GAG) and hydroxyproline (HYP) content. The results suggest that increased glucose availability either through increased medium-change frequency or higher initial glucose levels lead to improved chondrogenesis. Also, cumulative glucose uptake and lactate secretion were found to correlate well with GAG and HYP content, indicating both molecules are promising biomarkers for noninvasive assessment of hMSC chondrogenesis. Collectively, our results can be used to design optimal culture conditions and develop dynamic assessment strategies for cartilage tissue engineering applications. Impact statement In this study, we investigated how culture conditions, medium-change frequency and glucose levels, affect chondrogenesis of human mesenchymal stem cells in an aggregate culture model. Doubling the medium-change frequency significantly increased the biochemical quality of the resultant tissue aggregates, as measured by their glycosaminoglycan and hydroxyproline content. We attribute this to increased glucose uptake through the glycolysis pathway, as secretion of lactate, a key endpoint product of the glycolysis pathway, increased concurrently. These findings can be used to design optimal culture conditions for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- CWRU Center for Multimodal Evaluation of Engineered Cartilage, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Arnold I. Caplan
- CWRU Center for Multimodal Evaluation of Engineered Cartilage, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Biology and Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Jean F. Welter
- CWRU Center for Multimodal Evaluation of Engineered Cartilage, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Biology and Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Harihara Baskaran
- CWRU Center for Multimodal Evaluation of Engineered Cartilage, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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12
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Urlić I, Ivković A. Cell Sources for Cartilage Repair-Biological and Clinical Perspective. Cells 2021; 10:cells10092496. [PMID: 34572145 PMCID: PMC8468484 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell-based therapy represents a promising treatment strategy for cartilage defects. Alone or in combination with scaffolds/biological signals, these strategies open many new avenues for cartilage tissue engineering. However, the choice of the optimal cell source is not that straightforward. Currently, various types of differentiated cells (articular and nasal chondrocytes) and stem cells (mesenchymal stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells) are being researched to objectively assess their merits and disadvantages with respect to the ability to repair damaged articular cartilage. In this paper, we focus on the different cell types used in cartilage treatment, first from a biological scientist’s perspective and then from a clinician’s standpoint. We compare and analyze the advantages and disadvantages of these cell types and offer a potential outlook for future research and clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inga Urlić
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Correspondence: (I.U.); (A.I.)
| | - Alan Ivković
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University Hospital Sveti Duh, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Applied Health Sciences, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Correspondence: (I.U.); (A.I.)
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13
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Middendorf JM, Diamantides N, Kim B, Dugopolski C, Kennedy S, Blahut E, Cohen I, Bonassar LJ. The influence of chondrocyte source on the manufacturing reproducibility of human tissue engineered cartilage. Acta Biomater 2021; 131:276-285. [PMID: 34245892 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Multiple human tissue engineered cartilage constructs are showing promise in advanced clinical trials but identifying important measures of manufacturing reproducibility remains a challenge. FDA guidance suggests measuring multiple mechanical properties prior to implantation, because these properties could affect the long term success of the implant. Additionally, these engineered cartilage mechanics could be sensitive to the autologous chondrocyte source, an inherently irregular manufacturing starting material. If any mechanical properties are sensitive to changes in the autologous chondrocyte source, these properties may need to be measured prior to implantation to ensure manufacturing reproducibility and quality. Therefore, this study identified variability in the compressive, friction, and shear properties of a human tissue engineered cartilage constructs due to the chondrocyte source. Over 200 constructs were created from 7 different chondrocyte sources and tested using 3 distinct mechanical experiments. Under confined compression, the compressive properties (aggregate modulus and hydraulic permeability) varied by orders of magnitude due to the chondrocyte source. The friction coefficient changed by a factor of 5 due to the chondrocyte source and high intrapatient variability was noted. In contrast, the shear modulus was not affected by changes in the chondrocyte source. Finally, measurements on the local compressive and shear mechanics revealed variability in the depth dependent strain fields based on chondrocyte source. Since the chondrocyte source causes large amounts of variability in the compression and local mechanical properties of engineered cartilage, these mechanical properties may be important measures of manufacturing reproducibility. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Although the FDA recommends measuring mechanical properties of human tissue engineered cartilage constructs during manufacturing, the effect of manufacturing variability on construct mechanics is unknown. As one of the first studies to measure multiple mechanical properties on hundreds of human tissue engineered cartilage constructs, we found the compressive properties are most sensitive to changes in the autologous chondrocyte source, an inherently irregular manufacturing variable. This sensitivity to the autologous chondrocyte source reveals the compressive properties should be measured prior to implantation to assess manufacturing reproducibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill M Middendorf
- Sibley School of Mechanical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Nicole Diamantides
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Byumsu Kim
- Sibley School of Mechanical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | | | | | - Eric Blahut
- Histogenics Corporation, Waltham, MA, United States
| | - Itai Cohen
- Department of Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Lawrence J Bonassar
- Sibley School of Mechanical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States; Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States.
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Jessop ZM, Hague A, Dobbs TD, Stewart KJ, Whitaker IS. Facial Cartilaginous Reconstruction-A Historical Perspective, State-of-the-Art, and Future Directions. Front Surg 2021; 8:680186. [PMID: 34485372 PMCID: PMC8415446 DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2021.680186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Importance: Reconstruction of facial deformity poses a significant surgical challenge due to the psychological, functional, and aesthetic importance of this anatomical area. There is a need to provide not only an excellent colour and contour match for skin defects, but also a durable cartilaginous structural replacement for nasal or auricular defects. The purpose of this review is to describe the history of, and state-of-the-art techniques within, facial cartilaginous surgery, whilst highlighting recent advances and future directions for this continually advancing specialty. Observations: Limitations of synthetic implants for nasal and auricular reconstruction, such as silicone and porous polyethylene, have meant that autologous cartilage tissue for such cases remains the current gold standard. Similarly, tissue engineering approaches using unrelated cells and synthetic scaffolds have shown limited in vivo success. There is increasing recognition that both the intrinsic and extrinsic microenvironment are important for tissue engineering and synthetic scaffolds fail to provide the necessary cues for cartilage matrix secretion. Conclusions and Relevance: We discuss the first-in-man studies in the context of biomimetic and developmental approaches to engineering durable cartilage for clinical translation. Implementation of engineered autologous tissue into clinical practise could eliminate donor site morbidity and represent the next phase of the facial reconstruction evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zita M. Jessop
- Reconstructive Surgery and Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea, United Kingdom
- The Welsh Centre for Burns and Plastic Surgery, Morriston Hospital, Swansea, United Kingdom
| | - Adam Hague
- The Welsh Centre for Burns and Plastic Surgery, Morriston Hospital, Swansea, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas D. Dobbs
- Reconstructive Surgery and Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea, United Kingdom
- The Welsh Centre for Burns and Plastic Surgery, Morriston Hospital, Swansea, United Kingdom
| | - Kenneth J. Stewart
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Royal Hospital for Sick Children, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Iain S. Whitaker
- Reconstructive Surgery and Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea, United Kingdom
- The Welsh Centre for Burns and Plastic Surgery, Morriston Hospital, Swansea, United Kingdom
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15
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Šećerović A, Pušić M, Kostešić P, Vučković M, Vukojević R, Škokić S, Sasi B, Vukasović Barišić A, Hudetz D, Vnuk D, Matičić D, Urlić I, Mumme M, Martin I, Ivković A. Nasal Chondrocyte-Based Engineered Grafts for the Repair of Articular Cartilage "Kissing" Lesions: A Pilot Large-Animal Study. Am J Sports Med 2021; 49:2187-2198. [PMID: 34048271 DOI: 10.1177/03635465211014190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bipolar or "kissing" cartilage lesions formed on 2 opposite articular surfaces of the knee joint are commonly listed as exclusion criteria for advanced cartilage therapies. PURPOSE To test, in a pilot large-animal study, whether autologous nasal chondrocyte (NC)-based tissue engineering, recently introduced for the treatment of focal cartilage injuries, could provide a solution for challenging kissing lesions. STUDY DESIGN Controlled laboratory study. METHODS Osteochondral kissing lesions were freshly introduced into the knee joints of 26 sheep and covered with NC-based grafts with a low or high hyaline-like extracellular matrix; a control group was treated with a cell-free scaffold collagen membrane (SCA). The cartilage repair site was assessed at 6 weeks and 6 months after implantation by histology, immunohistochemistry, and magnetic resonance imaging evaluation. RESULTS NC-based grafts, independently of their composition, induced partial hyaline cartilage repair with stable integrity in surrounding healthy tissue at 6 months after treatment. The SCA repaired cartilage to a similar degree to that of NC-based grafts. CONCLUSION Kissing lesion repair, as evidenced in this sheep study, demonstrated the feasibility of the treatment of complex cartilage injuries with advanced biological methods. However, the potential advantages of an NC-based approach over a cell-free approach warrant further investigations in a more relevant preclinical model. CLINICAL RELEVANCE NC-based grafts currently undergoing phase II clinical trials have a high potential to replace existing cartilage therapies that show significant limitations in the quality and reproducibility of the repair method. We have brought this innovative concept to the next level by addressing a new clinical indication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amra Šećerović
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
- Investigation performed at the University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Maja Pušić
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
- Investigation performed at the University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Petar Kostešić
- Investigation performed at the University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Mirta Vučković
- Clinic for Surgery, Ophthalmology and Orthopaedics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
- Investigation performed at the University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Rudolf Vukojević
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Sisters of Mercy University Hospital Center, Zagreb, Croatia
- Investigation performed at the University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Siniša Škokić
- Laboratory for Regenerative Neuroscience, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, Zagreb, Croatia
- Investigation performed at the University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Biljana Sasi
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
- Investigation performed at the University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Andreja Vukasović Barišić
- General Hospital Bjelovar, Bjelovar, Croatia
- Investigation performed at the University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Damir Hudetz
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University Hospital Sveti Duh, Zagreb, Croatia
- Investigation performed at the University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Dražen Vnuk
- Investigation performed at the University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Dražen Matičić
- Clinic for Surgery, Ophthalmology and Orthopaedics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
- Investigation performed at the University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Inga Urlić
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
- Investigation performed at the University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marcus Mumme
- Clinic for Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Investigation performed at the University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivan Martin
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Investigation performed at the University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Alan Ivković
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University Hospital Sveti Duh, Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
- Investigation performed at the University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
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16
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Chiesa-Estomba CM, Aiastui A, González-Fernández I, Hernáez-Moya R, Rodiño C, Delgado A, Garces JP, Paredes-Puente J, Aldazabal J, Altuna X, Izeta A. Three-Dimensional Bioprinting Scaffolding for Nasal Cartilage Defects: A Systematic Review. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2021; 18:343-353. [PMID: 33864626 PMCID: PMC8169726 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-021-00331-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent years, three-dimensional (3D)-printing of tissue-engineered cartilaginous scaffolds is intended to close the surgical gap and provide bio-printed tissue designed to fit the specific geometric and functional requirements of each cartilage defect, avoiding donor site morbidity and offering a personalizing therapy. METHODS To investigate the role of 3D-bioprinting scaffolding for nasal cartilage defects repair a systematic review of the electronic databases for 3D-Bioprinting articles pertaining to nasal cartilage bio-modelling was performed. The primary focus was to investigate cellular source, type of scaffold utilization, biochemical evaluation, histological analysis, in-vitro study, in-vivo study, animal model used, length of research, and placement of experimental construct and translational investigation. RESULTS From 1011 publications, 16 studies were kept for analysis. About cellular sources described, most studies used primary chondrocyte cultures. The cartilage used for cell isolation was mostly nasal septum. The most common biomaterial used for scaffold creation was polycaprolactone alone or in combination. About mechanical evaluation, we found a high heterogeneity, making it difficult to extract any solid conclusion. Regarding biological and histological characteristics of each scaffold, we found that the expression of collagen type I, collagen Type II and other ECM components were the most common patterns evaluated through immunohistochemistry on in-vitro and in-vivo studies. Only two studies made an orthotopic placement of the scaffolds. However, in none of the studies analyzed, the scaffold was placed in a subperichondrial pocket to rigorously simulate the cartilage environment. In contrast, scaffolds were implanted in a subcutaneous plane in almost all of the studies included. CONCLUSION The role of 3D-bioprinting scaffolding for nasal cartilage defects repair is growing field. Despite the amount of information collected in the last years and the first surgical applications described recently in humans. Further investigations are needed due to the heterogeneity on mechanical evaluation parameters, the high level of heterotopic scaffold implantation and the need for quantitative histological data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos M Chiesa-Estomba
- Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck surgery Department, Osakidetza Basque Health Service, Donostia University Hospital, 20014, San Sebastian, Spain.
- Multidisciplinary 3D Printing Platform (3DPP), Biodonostia Health Research Institute, 20014, San Sebastian, Spain.
| | - Ana Aiastui
- Multidisciplinary 3D Printing Platform (3DPP), Biodonostia Health Research Institute, 20014, San Sebastian, Spain
- Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Histology Platform, 20014, San Sebastian, Spain
| | | | - Raquel Hernáez-Moya
- Multidisciplinary 3D Printing Platform (3DPP), Biodonostia Health Research Institute, 20014, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Claudia Rodiño
- Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Histology Platform, 20014, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Alba Delgado
- Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Histology Platform, 20014, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Juan P Garces
- Multidisciplinary 3D Printing Platform (3DPP), Biodonostia Health Research Institute, 20014, San Sebastian, Spain
- Department of Pathology, Osakidetza Basque Health Service, Donostia University Hospital, 20014, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Jacobo Paredes-Puente
- Multidisciplinary 3D Printing Platform (3DPP), Biodonostia Health Research Institute, 20014, San Sebastian, Spain
- Tecnun-University of Navarra, Pso. Mikeletegi 48, 20009, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Javier Aldazabal
- Multidisciplinary 3D Printing Platform (3DPP), Biodonostia Health Research Institute, 20014, San Sebastian, Spain
- Tecnun-University of Navarra, Pso. Mikeletegi 48, 20009, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Xabier Altuna
- Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck surgery Department, Osakidetza Basque Health Service, Donostia University Hospital, 20014, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Ander Izeta
- Multidisciplinary 3D Printing Platform (3DPP), Biodonostia Health Research Institute, 20014, San Sebastian, Spain
- Tecnun-University of Navarra, Pso. Mikeletegi 48, 20009, San Sebastian, Spain
- Tissue Engineering Group, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, 20014, San Sebastian, Spain
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Trengove A, Di Bella C, O'Connor AJ. The Challenge of Cartilage Integration: Understanding a Major Barrier to Chondral Repair. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2021; 28:114-128. [PMID: 33307976 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2020.0244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Articular cartilage defects caused by injury frequently lead to osteoarthritis, a painful and costly disease. Despite widely used surgical methods to treat articular cartilage defects and a plethora of research into regenerative strategies as treatments, long-term clinical outcomes are not satisfactory. Failure to integrate repair tissue with native cartilage is a recurring issue in surgical and tissue-engineered strategies, seeing eventual degradation of the regenerated or surrounding tissue. This review delves into the current understanding of why continuous and robust integration with native cartilage is so difficult to achieve. Both the intrinsic limitations of chondrocytes to remodel injured cartilage, and the significant challenges posed by a compromised biomechanical environment are described. Recent scaffold and cell-based techniques to repair cartilage are also discussed, and limitations of existing methods to evaluate integrative repair. In particular, the importance of evaluating the mechanical integrity of the interface between native and repair tissue is highlighted as a meaningful assessment of any strategy to repair this load-bearing tissue. Impact statement The failure to integrate grafts or biomaterials with native cartilage is a major barrier to cartilage repair. An in-depth understanding of the reasons cartilage integration remains a challenge is required to inform cartilage repair strategies. In particular, this review highlights that integration of cartilage repair strategies is frequently assessed in terms of the continuity of tissue, but not the mechanical integrity. Given the load-bearing nature of cartilage, evaluating integration in terms of interfacial strength is essential to assessing the potential success of cartilage repair methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Trengove
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Claudia Di Bella
- Department of Surgery, St. Vincent's Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Orthopedics, St. Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Andrea J O'Connor
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
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18
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Rogina A, Pušić M, Štefan L, Ivković A, Urlić I, Ivanković M, Ivanković H. Characterization of Chitosan-Based Scaffolds Seeded with Sheep Nasal Chondrocytes for Cartilage Tissue Engineering. Ann Biomed Eng 2021; 49:1572-1586. [PMID: 33409853 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-020-02712-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The treatment of cartilage defect remains a challenging issue in clinical practice. Chitosan-based materials have been recognized as a suitable microenvironment for chondrocyte adhesion, proliferation and differentiation forming articular cartilage. The use of nasal chondrocytes to culture articular cartilage on an appropriate scaffold emerged as a promising novel strategy for cartilage regeneration. Beside excellent properties, chitosan lacks in biological activity, such as RGD-sequences. In this work, we have prepared pure and protein-modified chitosan scaffolds of different deacetylation degree and molecular weight as platforms for the culture of sheep nasal chondrocytes. Fibronectin (FN) was chosen as an adhesive protein for the improvement of chitosan bioactivity. Prepared scaffolds were characterised in terms of microstructure, physical and biodegradation properties, while FN interactions with different chitosans were investigated through adsorption-desorption studies. The results indicated faster enzymatic degradation of chitosan scaffolds with lower deacetylation degree, while better FN interactions with material were achieved on chitosan with higher number of amine groups. Histological and immunohistochemical analysis of in vitro engineered cartilage grafts showed presence of hyaline cartilage produced by nasal chondrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anamarija Rogina
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulićev trg 19, p.p.177, 10001, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Maja Pušić
- Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Horvatovac102a, 10001, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Lucija Štefan
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulićev trg 19, p.p.177, 10001, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Alan Ivković
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Šalata 3, 10001, Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University Hospital Sveti Duh, Sveti Duh 64, 10001, Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Rijeka, Radmile Matejčić 2, 51000, Rijeka, Croatia
- University of Applied Health Sciences, Mlinarska cesta 38, 10001, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Inga Urlić
- Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Horvatovac102a, 10001, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marica Ivanković
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulićev trg 19, p.p.177, 10001, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Hrvoje Ivanković
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulićev trg 19, p.p.177, 10001, Zagreb, Croatia
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19
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Li T, Chen S, Pei M. Contribution of neural crest-derived stem cells and nasal chondrocytes to articular cartilage regeneration. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:4847-4859. [PMID: 32504256 PMCID: PMC9150440 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03567-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Due to poor self-regenerative potential of articular cartilage, stem cell-based regeneration becomes a hopeful approach for the treatment of articular cartilage defects. Recent studies indicate that neural crest-derived cells (NCDCs) have the potential for repairing articular cartilage with even greater chondrogenic capacity than mesoderm-derived cells (MDCs): a conventional stem cell source for cartilage regeneration. Given that NCDCs originate from a different germ layer in the early embryo compared with MDCs that give rise to articular cartilage, a mystery remains regarding their capacity for articular cartilage regeneration. In this review, we summarize the similarities and differences between MDCs and NCDCs including articular and nasal chondrocytes in cell origin, anatomy, and chondrogenic differentiation and propose that NCDCs might be promising cell origins for articular cartilage regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyou Li
- Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics, West Virginia University, 64 Medical Center Drive, PO Box 9196, Morgantown, WV, 26506-9196, USA
- Department of Pediatric Orthopaedics, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Song Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, 610083, Sichuan, China
| | - Ming Pei
- Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics, West Virginia University, 64 Medical Center Drive, PO Box 9196, Morgantown, WV, 26506-9196, USA.
- WVU Cancer Institute, Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA.
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20
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Bagher Z, Asgari N, Bozorgmehr P, Kamrava SK, Alizadeh R, Seifalian A. Will Tissue-Engineering Strategies Bring New Hope for the Reconstruction of Nasal Septal Cartilage? Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 15:144-154. [PMID: 31830895 DOI: 10.2174/1574888x14666191212160757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The nasal septal cartilage plays an important role in the growth of midface and as a vertical strut preventing the collapse of the nasal bones. The repair of nasal cartilage defects remains a major challenge in reconstructive surgery. The tissue engineering strategy in the development of tissue has opened a new perspective to generate functional tissue for transplantation. Given the poor regenerative properties of cartilage and a limited amount of autologous cartilage availability, intense interest has evoked for tissue engineering approaches for cartilage development to provide better outcomes for patients who require nasal septal reconstruction. Despite numerous attempts to substitute the shapely hyaline cartilage in the nasal cartilages, many significant challenges remained unanswered. The aim of this research was to carry out a critical review of the literature on research work carried out on the development of septal cartilage using a tissue engineering approach, concerning different cell sources, scaffolds and growth factors, as well as its clinical pathway and trials have already been carried out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohreh Bagher
- ENT and Head & Neck Research Centre and Department, The Five Senses Institute, Hazrat Rasoul Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Negin Asgari
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parisa Bozorgmehr
- Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Kamran Kamrava
- ENT and Head & Neck Research Centre and Department, The Five Senses Institute, Hazrat Rasoul Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rafieh Alizadeh
- ENT and Head & Neck Research Centre and Department, The Five Senses Institute, Hazrat Rasoul Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alexander Seifalian
- Nanotechnology and Regenerative Medicine Commercialisation Centre (NanoRegMed Ltd) The London BioScience Innovation Centre, London, United Kingdom
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21
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Borrelli C, Buckley CT. Injectable Disc-Derived ECM Hydrogel Functionalised with Chondroitin Sulfate for Intervertebral Disc Regeneration. Acta Biomater 2020; 117:142-155. [PMID: 33035694 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Low back pain resulting from intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration is a significant socioeconomic burden. The main effect of the degeneration process involves the alteration of the nucleus pulposus (NP) via cell-mediated enzymatic breakdown of key extracellular matrix (ECM) components. Thus, the development of injectable and biomimetic biomaterials that can instruct the regenerative cell component to produce tissue-specific ECM is pivotal for IVD repair. Chondroitin sulfate (CS) and type II collagen are the primary components of NP tissue and together create the ideal environment for cells to deposit de-novo matrix. Given their high matrix synthesis capacity potential post-expansion, nasal chondrocytes (NC) have been proposed as a potential cell source to promote NP repair. The overall goal of this study was to assess the effects of CS incorporation into disc derived self-assembled ECM hydrogels on the matrix deposition of NCs. Results showed an increased sGAG production with higher amounts of CS in the gel composition and that its presence was found to be critical for the synthesis of collagen type II. Taken together, our results demonstrate how the inclusion of CS into the composition of the material aids the preservation of a rounded cell morphology for NCs in 3D culture and enhances their ability to synthesise NP-like matrix.
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22
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Salerno A, Brady K, Rikkers M, Li C, Caamaño-Gutierrez E, Falciani F, Blom AW, Whitehouse MR, Hollander AP. MMP13 and TIMP1 are functional markers for two different potential modes of action by mesenchymal stem/stromal cells when treating osteoarthritis. Stem Cells 2020; 38:1438-1453. [PMID: 32652878 DOI: 10.1002/stem.3255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been investigated as a potential injectable therapy for the treatment of knee osteoarthritis, with some evidence of success in preliminary human trials. However, optimization and scale-up of this therapeutic approach depends on the identification of functional markers that are linked to their mechanism of action. One possible mechanism is through their chondrogenic differentiation and direct role in neo-cartilage synthesis. Alternatively, they could remain undifferentiated and act through the release of trophic factors that stimulate endogenous repair processes within the joint. Here, we show that extensive in vitro aging of bone marrow-derived human MSCs leads to loss of chondrogenesis but no reduction in trophic repair, thereby separating out the two modes of action. By integrating transcriptomic and proteomic data using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis, we found that reduced chondrogenesis with passage is linked to downregulation of the FOXM1 signaling pathway while maintenance of trophic repair is linked to CXCL12. In an attempt at developing functional markers of MSC potency, we identified loss of mRNA expression for MMP13 as correlating with loss of chondrogenic potential of MSCs and continued secretion of high levels of TIMP1 protein as correlating with the maintenance of trophic repair capacity. Since an allogeneic injectable osteoar therapy would require extensive cell expansion in vitro, we conclude that early passage MMP13+ , TIMP1-secretinghigh MSCs should be used for autologous OA therapies designed to act through engraftment and chondrogenesis, while later passage MMP13- , TIMP1-secretinghigh MSCs could be exploited for allogeneic OA therapies designed to act through trophic repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Salerno
- Institute of Lifecourse and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Kyla Brady
- Institute of Lifecourse and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Margot Rikkers
- Institute of Lifecourse and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.,Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Chao Li
- Institute of Lifecourse and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Eva Caamaño-Gutierrez
- Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.,Computational Biology Facility, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Francesco Falciani
- Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.,Computational Biology Facility, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Ashley W Blom
- Musculoskeletal Research Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.,National Institute for Health Research Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust and University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Michael R Whitehouse
- Musculoskeletal Research Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.,National Institute for Health Research Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust and University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Anthony P Hollander
- Institute of Lifecourse and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
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23
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Lim MH, Jeun JH, Kim DH, Park SH, Kim SJ, Lee WS, Hwang SH, Lim JY, Kim SW. Evaluation of Collagen Gel-Associated Human Nasal Septum-Derived Chondrocytes As a Clinically Applicable Injectable Therapeutic Agent for Cartilage Repair. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2020; 17:387-399. [PMID: 32399775 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-020-00261-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Articular cartilage injury has a poor repair ability and limited regeneration capacity with therapy based on articular chondrocytes (ACs) implantation. Here, we validated the hypothesis that human nasal septum-derived chondrocytes (hNCs) are potent therapeutic agents for clinical use in cartilage tissue engineering using an injectable hydrogel, type I collagen (COL1). METHODS We manufactured hNCs incorporated in clinical-grade soluble COL1 and investigated their clinical potential as agents in an articular defect model. RESULTS The hNCs encapsulated in COL1 (hNC-collagen) were uniformly distributed throughout the collagen and showed much greater growth rate than hACs encapsulated in collagen for the 14 days of culture. Fluorescent staining of hNC-collagen showed high expression levels of chondrocyte-specific proteins under clinical conditions. Moreover, a negative mycoplasma screening result were obtained in culture of hNC-collagen. Notably, implantation of hNC-collagen increased the repair of osteochondral defects in rats compared with implantation of collagen only. Many human cells were detected within the cartilage defects. CONCLUSION These results provide reliable evidences supporting for clinical applications of hNC-collagen in regenerative medicine for cartilage repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Hyun Lim
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Banpo-daero 222, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Ho Jeun
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Banpo-daero 222, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Do Hyun Kim
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Banpo-daero 222, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Hwa Park
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Banpo-daero 222, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Jung Kim
- Department of Orthopedics, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, 271 Cheonbo-ro, Uijeongbu-si, Gyeonggi-do, 11765, Republic of Korea
| | - Weon Sun Lee
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Bucheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 327 Sosa-ro, Bucheon-si, Seoul, Gyeonggi-do, 14647, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Hwan Hwang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Bucheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 327 Sosa-ro, Bucheon-si, Seoul, Gyeonggi-do, 14647, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jung Yeon Lim
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Banpo-daero 222, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sung Won Kim
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Banpo-daero 222, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea.
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24
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Anderson-Baron M, Kunze M, Mulet-Sierra A, Osswald M, Ansari K, Seikaly H, Adesida AB. Nasal Chondrocyte-Derived Soluble Factors Affect Chondrogenesis of Cocultured Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Tissue Eng Part A 2020; 27:37-49. [PMID: 32122264 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2019.0306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the effect of soluble factors released from human nasal chondrocytes (NCs) on cocultured human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and NC tissue-engineered constructs. Cartilage engineered from pure NCs on a three-dimensional (3D) porous collagen scaffold was cultured indirectly in a Transwell system with cartilage engineered from a direct coculture of human bone marrow-derived MSCs and NCs on a 3D porous collagen scaffold. The soluble factors were measured in the conditioned media from the different chambers of the Transwell system. Engineered cartilage from cocultures exposed to the pure NC construct exhibited reduced chondrogenic potential relative to control constructs, shown by reduced extracellular matrix deposition and increased expression of hypertrophic markers. Analysis of the soluble factors within the conditioned media showed an increase in inflammatory cytokines in the coculture chamber exposed to the pure NC construct. Principal component analysis revealed that the majority of the data variance could be explained by proinflammatory factors and hypertrophic chondrogenesis. In conclusion, our data suggest that inflammatory cytokines derived from NCs reduce the chondrogenic potential of coculture engineered cartilage through the induction of hypertrophic chondrogenesis. Impact statement The use of engineered cartilage from cocultured nasal chondrocytes (NCs) and mesenchymal stem cells for nasal cartilage reconstruction may be problematic. Our data suggest that the soluble factors from surrounding native NCs in the cartilage to be fixed can compromise the quality of the engineered cartilage if used in reconstructive surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Anderson-Baron
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery and Surgical Research, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.,Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Orthopaedic Tissue Engineering, 3-021 Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Research Innovation, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Melanie Kunze
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery and Surgical Research, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.,Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Orthopaedic Tissue Engineering, 3-021 Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Research Innovation, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Aillette Mulet-Sierra
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery and Surgical Research, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.,Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Orthopaedic Tissue Engineering, 3-021 Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Research Innovation, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Martin Osswald
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alberta Hospital, Edmonton, Canada.,Institute for Reconstructive Sciences in Medicine (iRSM), Misericordia Community Hospital, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Khalid Ansari
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alberta Hospital, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Hadi Seikaly
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alberta Hospital, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Adetola B Adesida
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery and Surgical Research, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.,Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Orthopaedic Tissue Engineering, 3-021 Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Research Innovation, Edmonton, Canada.,Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alberta Hospital, Edmonton, Canada
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25
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Alkaya D, Gurcan C, Kilic P, Yilmazer A, Gurman G. Where is human-based cellular pharmaceutical R&D taking us in cartilage regeneration? 3 Biotech 2020; 10:161. [PMID: 32206495 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-020-2134-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Lately, cellular-based cartilage joint therapies have gradually gained more attention, which leads to next generation bioengineering approaches in the development of cell-based medicinal products for human use in cartilage repair. The greatest hurdles of chondrocyte-based cartilage bioengineering are: (i) preferring the cell source; (ii) differentiation and expansion processes; (iii) the time necessary for chondrocyte expansion pre-implantation; and (iv) fixing the chondrocyte count in accordance with the lesion surface area of the patient in question. The chondrocyte presents itself to be the focal starting material for research and development of bioengineered cartilage-based medicinal products which promise the regeneration and restoration of non-orthopedic cartilage joint defects. Even though chondrocytes seem to be the first choice, inevitable complications related to proliferation, dedifferentation and redifferentiation are probable. Detailed studies are a necessity to fully investigate detailed culturing conditions, the chondrogenic strains of well-defined phenotypes and evaluation of the methods to be used in biomaterial production. Despite a majority of the current methods which aid amelioration of joint functionality, they are insufficient in fully restoring the natural structure and composition of the joint cartilage. Hence current studies have trended towards gene therapy, mesenchymal stem cells and tissue engineering practices. There are many studies addressing the outcomes of chondrocytes in the clinical scene, and many vital biomaterials have been developed for structuring the bioengineered cartilage. This study aims to convey to the audience the practical significance of chondrocyte-based clinical applications.
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26
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Middendorf JM, Dugopolski C, Kennedy S, Blahut E, Cohen I, Bonassar LJ. Heterogeneous matrix deposition in human tissue engineered cartilage changes the local shear modulus and resistance to local construct buckling. J Biomech 2020; 105:109760. [PMID: 32276782 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2020.109760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Human tissue engineered cartilage is a promising solution for focal cartilage defects, but these constructs do not have the same local mechanical properties as native tissue. Most clinically relevant engineered cartilage constructs seed human chondrocytes onto a collagen scaffold, which buckles at low loads and strains. This buckling creates local regions of high strain that could cause cell death and damage the engineered tissue. Since human tissue engineered cartilage is commonly grown in-vivo prior to implantation, new matrix deposition could improve the local implant mechanics and prevent local tissue buckling. However, the relationship between local biochemical composition and the local mechanics or local buckling probability has never been quantified. Therefore, this study correlated the local biochemical composition of human tissue engineered cartilage constructs using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) with the local shear modulus and local buckling probability. The local shear modulus and local buckling probability were obtained using a confocal elastography technique. The local shear modulus increased with increases in local aggrecan content in the interior region (inside the scaffold). A minimum amount of aggrecan was required to prevent local construct buckling at physiologic strains. Since the original scaffold was primarily composed of collagen, increases in collagen content due to new matrix deposition was minimal and had little effect on the mechanical properties. Thus, we concluded that aggrecan deposition inside the scaffold pores is the most effective way to improve the mechanical function and prevent local tissue damage in human tissue engineered cartilage constructs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill M Middendorf
- Sibley School of Mechanical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | | | | | | | - Itai Cohen
- Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Lawrence J Bonassar
- Sibley School of Mechanical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA; Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
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27
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Jeon JH, Yun BG, Lim MJ, Kim SJ, Lim MH, Lim JY, Park SH, Kim SW. Rapid Cartilage Regeneration of Spheroids Composed of Human Nasal Septum-Derived Chondrocyte in Rat Osteochondral Defect Model. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2020; 17:81-90. [PMID: 31983036 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-019-00231-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cell-based therapies have been studied for articular cartilage regeneration. Articular cartilage defects have little treatments because articular cartilage was limited regenerative capacity. Damaged articular cartilage is difficult to obtain a successful therapeutic effect. In additionally these articular cartilage defects often cause osteoarthritis. Chondrocyte implantation is a widely available therapy used for regeneration of articular cartilage because this tissue has poor repair capacity after injury. Human nasal septum-drived chondrocytes (hNCs) from the septum show greater proliferation ability and chondrogenic capacity than human articular chondrocytes (hACs), even across different donors with different ages. Moreover, the chondrogenic properties of hNCs can be maintained after extensive culture expansion. METHODS In this study, 2 dimensional (2D) monolayer cultured hNCs (hNCs-2D) and 3 dimensional (3D) spheroids cultured hNCs (hNCs-3D) were examined for chondrogenic capacity in vitro by PCR and immunofluorescence staining for chondrogenic marker, cell survival during cultured and for cartilage regeneration ability in vivo in a rat osteochondral defect model. RESULTS hNCs-3D showed higher viability and more uniform morphology than 3D spheroids cultured hACs (hACs-3D) in culture. hNCs-3D also showed greater expression levels of the chondrocyte-specific marker Type II collagen (COL2A1) and sex-determining region Y (SRY)-box 9 (SOX9) than hNCs-2D. hNCs-3D also expressed chondrogenic markers in collagen. Specially, in the osteochondral defect model, implantation of hNCs-3D led to greater chondrogenic repair of focal cartilage defects in rats than implantation of hNCs-2D. CONCLUSION These data suggest that hNCs-3D are valuable therapeutic agents for repair and regeneration of cartilage defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Ho Jeon
- Department of Biomedicine and Health Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeong Gon Yun
- Department of Biomedicine and Health Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Jae Lim
- Department of Biomedicine and Health Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok Jung Kim
- Orthopedic Department, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, 271 Cheonbo-ro, Uijeongbu-si, Gyeonggi-do, 11765, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Hyun Lim
- Department of Biomedicine and Health Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Yeon Lim
- Department of Biomedicine and Health Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Hwa Park
- Department of Biomedicine and Health Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Won Kim
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591, Korea.
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28
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Jiang R, Wang G, Zhang J, Zhang X, Zhou L, Xu T. Three-dimensional bioprinting of auricular cartilage: A review. MEDICINE IN DRUG DISCOVERY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medidd.2020.100016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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29
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Kim DH, Lim MH, Jeun JH, Park SH, Lee W, Park SH, Kwon MY, Hwang SH, Kim SW. Evaluation of Polycaprolactone-Associated Human Nasal Chondrocytes as a Therapeutic Agent for Cartilage Repair. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2019; 16:605-614. [PMID: 31824823 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-019-00210-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In this study, we manufactured a complex of human nasal septal cartilage (hNC) with polycaprolactone (PCL) for transplantation into cartilaginous skeletal defects and evaluated their characteristics. Methods Nasal septum tissue was obtained from five patients aged ≥ 20 years who were undergoing septoplasty. hNCs were isolated and subcultured for three passages in vitro. To formulate the cell-PCL complex, we used type I collagen as an adhesive between chondrocyte and PCL. Immunofluorescence staining, cell viability and growth in the hNC-PCL complex, and mycoplasma contamination were assessed. Results hNCs in PCL showed viability ≥ 70% and remained at these levels for 9 h of incubation at 4 °C. Immunostaining of the hNC-PCL complex also showed high expression levels of chondrocyte-specific protein, COL2A1, SOX9, and aggrecan during 24 h of clinically applicable conditions. Conclusion The hNC-PCL complex may be a valuable therapeutic agent for implantation into injured cartilage tissue, and can be used clinically to repair cartilaginous skeletal defects. From a clinical perspective, it is important to set the short duration of the implantation process to achieve effective functional implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Do Hyun Kim
- 1Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591 Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Hyun Lim
- 1Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591 Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Ho Jeun
- 1Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591 Republic of Korea.,2Institute of Clinical Medicine Research, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591 Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Hwa Park
- 1Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591 Republic of Korea
| | - WeonSun Lee
- 2Institute of Clinical Medicine Research, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591 Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hi Park
- 2Institute of Clinical Medicine Research, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591 Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Yeon Kwon
- 2Institute of Clinical Medicine Research, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591 Republic of Korea
| | - Se Hwan Hwang
- 3Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Bucheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 327 Sosa-ro, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do 14647 Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Won Kim
- 1Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591 Republic of Korea
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30
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Wu L. How far are we from repairing cartilage tissue with tissue-engineered products?: 'An Editorial for Bioreactor manufactured cartilage grafts repair acute and chronic osteochondral defects in large animal studies: doi:10.1111/cpr.12653'. Cell Prolif 2019; 52:e12625. [PMID: 31418944 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ling Wu
- InVitro Cell Research, LLC, Englewood, New Jersey
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31
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Alizadeh R, Ramezanpour F, Mohammadi A, Eftekharzadeh M, Simorgh S, Kazemiha M, Moradi F. Differentiation of human olfactory system-derived stem cells into dopaminergic neuron-like cells: A comparison between olfactory bulb and mucosa as two sources of stem cells. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:19712-19720. [PMID: 31297865 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cell transplantation has become a possible therapeutic approach in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases of the nervous system by replacing lost cells. The current study aimed to make a comparison between the differentiation capacity of the olfactory bulb neural stem cells (OB-NSCs) and olfactory ectomesenchymal stem cells (OE-MSCs) into dopaminergic-like neurons under the inductive effect of transforming growth factor β (TGF-β). After culturing and treating with TGF-β, the differentiation capacities of both types of stem cells into dopaminergic neuron-like cells were evaluated. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis 3 weeks after induction demonstrated that the mRNA expression of the dopaminergic activity markers tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), dopamine transporter (DAT), paired box gene 2 (PAX2), and PAX5 in the neuron-like cells derived from OB-NSCs was significantly higher than those derived from OE-MSCs. These findings were further supported by the immunocytochemistry staining showing that the expression of the tyrosine hydroxylase, DAT, PAX2, and paired like homeodomain 3 seemed to be slightly higher in OB-NSCs compared with OE-MSCs. Despite the lower differentiation capacity of OE-MSCs, other considerations such as a noninvasive and easier harvesting process, faster proliferation attributes, longer life span, autologous transplantability, and also the easier and inexpensive cultural process of the OE-MSCs, cumulatively make these cells the more appropriate alternative in the case of autologous transplantation during the treatment process of neurodegenerative disorders like Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafieh Alizadeh
- ENT and Head & Neck Research Center and Department, The Five Senses Institute, Hazrat Rasoul Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farnaz Ramezanpour
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Mohammadi
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mina Eftekharzadeh
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Simorgh
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Milad Kazemiha
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Moradi
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Occhetta P, Mainardi A, Votta E, Vallmajo-Martin Q, Ehrbar M, Martin I, Barbero A, Rasponi M. Hyperphysiological compression of articular cartilage induces an osteoarthritic phenotype in a cartilage-on-a-chip model. Nat Biomed Eng 2019; 3:545-557. [PMID: 31160722 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-019-0406-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Owing to population aging, the social impact of osteoarthritis (OA)-the most common musculoskeletal disease-is expected to increase dramatically. Yet, therapy is still limited to palliative treatments or surgical intervention, and disease-modifying OA (DMOA) drugs are scarce, mainly because of the absence of relevant preclinical OA models. Therefore, in vitro models that can reliably predict the efficacy of DMOA drugs are needed. Here, we show, using a newly developed microphysiological cartilage-on-a-chip model that enables the application of strain-controlled compression to three-dimensional articular cartilage microtissue, that a 30% confined compression recapitulates the mechanical factors involved in OA pathogenesis and is sufficient to induce OA traits. Such hyperphysiological compression triggers a shift in cartilage homeostasis towards catabolism and inflammation, hypertrophy, and the acquisition of a gene expression profile akin to those seen in clinical osteoarthritic tissue. The cartilage on-a-chip model may enable the screening of DMOA candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Occhetta
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Mainardi
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Allschwil, Switzerland.,Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Emiliano Votta
- Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Queralt Vallmajo-Martin
- Department of Obstetrics, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Zurich Centre for Integrative Human Physiology, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martin Ehrbar
- Department of Obstetrics, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Zurich Centre for Integrative Human Physiology, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ivan Martin
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Barbero
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Marco Rasponi
- Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
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Regenerative Medicine: A Review of the Evolution of Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation (ACI) Therapy. Bioengineering (Basel) 2019; 6:bioengineering6010022. [PMID: 30871236 PMCID: PMC6466051 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering6010022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Articular cartilage is composed of chondrons within a territorial matrix surrounded by a highly organized extracellular matrix comprising collagen II fibrils, proteoglycans, glycosaminoglycans, and non-collagenous proteins. Damaged articular cartilage has a limited potential for healing and untreated defects often progress to osteoarthritis. High hopes have been pinned on regenerative medicine strategies to meet the challenge of preventing progress to late osteoarthritis. One such strategy, autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI), was first reported in 1994 as a treatment for deep focal articular cartilage defects. ACI has since evolved to become a worldwide well-established surgical technique. For ACI, chondrocytes are harvested from the lesser weight bearing edge of the joint by arthroscopy, their numbers expanded in monolayer culture for at least four weeks, and then re-implanted in the damaged region under a natural or synthetic membrane via an open joint procedure. We consider the evolution of ACI to become an established cell therapy, its current limitations, and on-going strategies to improve its efficacy. The most promising developments involving cells and natural or synthetic biomaterials will be highlighted.
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34
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Head to Knee: Cranial Neural Crest-Derived Cells as Promising Candidates for Human Cartilage Repair. Stem Cells Int 2019; 2019:9310318. [PMID: 30766608 PMCID: PMC6350557 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9310318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 11/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A large array of therapeutic procedures is available to treat cartilage disorders caused by trauma or inflammatory disease. Most are invasive and may result in treatment failure or development of osteoarthritis due to extensive cartilage damage from repeated surgery. Despite encouraging results of early cell therapy trials that used chondrocytes collected during arthroscopic surgery, these approaches have serious disadvantages, including morbidity associated with cell harvesting and low predictive clinical outcomes. To overcome these limitations, adult stem cells derived from bone marrow and subsequently from other tissues are now considered as preferred sources of cells for cartilage regeneration. Moreover, with new evidence showing that the choice of cell source is one of the most important factors for successful cell therapy, there is growing interest in neural crest-derived cells in both the research and clinical communities. Neural crest-derived cells such as nasal chondrocytes and oral stem cells that exhibit chondrocyte-like properties seem particularly promising in cartilage repair. Here, we review the types of cells currently available for cartilage cell therapy, including articular chondrocytes and various mesenchymal stem cells, and then highlight recent developments in the use of neural crest-derived chondrocytes and oral stem cells for repair of cartilage lesions.
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35
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Alizadeh R, Bagher Z, Kamrava SK, Falah M, Ghasemi Hamidabadi H, Eskandarian Boroujeni M, Mohammadi F, Khodaverdi S, Zare-Sadeghi A, Olya A, Komeili A. Differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) to dopaminergic neurons: A comparison between Wharton's Jelly and olfactory mucosa as sources of MSCs. J Chem Neuroanat 2019; 96:126-133. [PMID: 30639339 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2019.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 12/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The generation of dopaminergic neurons from stem cells is a potential therapeutic approach to treat neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson's disease. The current study aims to investigate the potential of two different types of mesenchymal stem cells derived from human Wharton's jelly and nasal cavity for differentiation into dopaminergic neurons. The differentiation capacities of both cell types were evaluated using real-time PCR, immunocytochemistry, flow cytometry and HPLC. Wharton's jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells (WJ-MSCs) are noted for their capability to differentiate into mesodermal and non-mesodermal cells, including neurons. However, it was demonstrated that having the same neuroectodermal origin as the nervous system, the olfactory ectomesenchymal stem cells (OE-MSCs) expressed the neural marker MAP2 as well as dopaminergic markers such as tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), dopamine transporter (DAT) and PITX3 to a greater extent than the WJ-MSCs both at the level of mRNA and protein. Furthermore, quantitative flow cytometric evaluation of these markers at 12 days post-induction supported the above-mentioned results. Finally, the assessment of the functionality of differentiated cells and their ability to synthesize dopamine measured by HPLC revealed that the OE-MSC-derived dopaminergic cells released almost the same amount of dopamine as that secreted by WJ-MSC-derived cells. Thus it showed the difference in their functionality to be negligible. Overall, it may be concluded that higher proliferation and differentiation capacity of OE-MSCs, along with their easier harvestability and autologous transplantability compared with WJ-MSCs, makes them a better cell source for stem cell therapy of neurodegenerative disorders which are caused by degeneration of dopaminergic neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafieh Alizadeh
- ENT and Head & Neck Research Center and Department, The five Senses Institute, Hazrat Rasoul Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zohreh Bagher
- ENT and Head & Neck Research Center and Department, The five Senses Institute, Hazrat Rasoul Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Kamran Kamrava
- ENT and Head & Neck Research Center and Department, The five Senses Institute, Hazrat Rasoul Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Falah
- ENT and Head & Neck Research Center and Department, The five Senses Institute, Hazrat Rasoul Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hatef Ghasemi Hamidabadi
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Immunogenetic Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Mahdi Eskandarian Boroujeni
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medical Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Mohammadi
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sepideh Khodaverdi
- Endometriosis Research Center, University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arash Zare-Sadeghi
- Skull Base Research Center, Hazrat Rasoul Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arta Olya
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medical Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Komeili
- Applied Biophotonics Research Center, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
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36
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Graceffa V, Vinatier C, Guicheux J, Stoddart M, Alini M, Zeugolis DI. Chasing Chimeras - The elusive stable chondrogenic phenotype. Biomaterials 2018; 192:199-225. [PMID: 30453216 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The choice of the best-suited cell population for the regeneration of damaged or diseased cartilage depends on the effectiveness of culture conditions (e.g. media supplements, three-dimensional scaffolds, mechanical stimulation, oxygen tension, co-culture systems) to induce stable chondrogenic phenotype. Herein, advances and shortfalls in in vitro, preclinical and clinical setting of various in vitro microenvironment modulators on maintaining chondrocyte phenotype or directing stem cells towards chondrogenic lineage are critically discussed. Chondrocytes possess low isolation efficiency, limited proliferative potential and rapid phenotypic drift in culture. Mesenchymal stem cells are relatively readily available, possess high proliferation potential, exhibit great chondrogenic differentiation capacity, but they tend to acquire a hypertrophic phenotype when exposed to chondrogenic stimuli. Embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells, despite their promising in vitro and preclinical data, are still under-investigated. Although a stable chondrogenic phenotype remains elusive, recent advances in in vitro microenvironment modulators are likely to develop clinically- and commercially-relevant therapies in the years to come.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Graceffa
- Regenerative, Modular & Developmental Engineering Laboratory (REMODEL), Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), Biomedical Sciences Building, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), Galway, Ireland
| | - Claire Vinatier
- INSERMU1229, Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton (RMeS), University of Nantes, UFR Odontologie & CHU Nantes, PHU 4 OTONN, 44042 Nantes, France
| | - Jerome Guicheux
- INSERMU1229, Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton (RMeS), University of Nantes, UFR Odontologie & CHU Nantes, PHU 4 OTONN, 44042 Nantes, France
| | - Martin Stoddart
- AO Research Institute, Clavadelerstrasse 8, 7270 Davos, Switzerland
| | - Mauro Alini
- AO Research Institute, Clavadelerstrasse 8, 7270 Davos, Switzerland
| | - Dimitrios I Zeugolis
- Regenerative, Modular & Developmental Engineering Laboratory (REMODEL), Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), Biomedical Sciences Building, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), Galway, Ireland.
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37
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Galuzzi M, Perteghella S, Antonioli B, Tosca MC, Bari E, Tripodo G, Sorrenti M, Catenacci L, Mastracci L, Grillo F, Marazzi M, Torre ML. Human Engineered Cartilage and Decellularized Matrix as an Alternative to Animal Osteoarthritis Model. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:polym10070738. [PMID: 30960663 PMCID: PMC6403588 DOI: 10.3390/polym10070738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Objective: to obtain a reproducible, robust, well-defined, and cost-affordable in vitro model of human cartilage degeneration, suitable for drug screening; (2) Methods: we proposed 3D models of engineered cartilage, considering two human chondrocyte sources (articular/nasal) and five culture methods (pellet, alginate beads, silk/alginate microcarriers, and decellularized cartilage). Engineered cartilages were treated with pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1β to promote cartilage degradation; (3) Results: articular chondrocytes have been rejected since they exhibit low cellular doubling with respect to nasal cells, with longer culture time for cell expansion; furthermore, pellet and alginate bead cultures lead to insufficient cartilage matrix production. Decellularized cartilage resulted as good support for degeneration model, but long culture time and high cell amount are required to obtain the adequate scaffold colonization. Here, we proposed, for the first time, the combined use of decellularized cartilage, as aggrecanase substrate, with pellet, alginate beads, or silk/alginate microcarriers, as polymeric scaffolds for chondrocyte cultures. This approach enables the development of suitable models of cartilaginous pathology. The results obtained after cryopreservation also demonstrated that beads and microcarriers are able to preserve chondrocyte functionality and metabolic activity; (4) Conclusions: alginate and silk/alginate-based scaffolds can be easily produced and cryopreserved to obtain a cost-affordable and ready-to-use polymer-based product for the subsequent screening of anti-inflammatory drugs for cartilage diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Galuzzi
- Tissue Therapy Unit, ASST Niguarda Hospital, Piazza Ospedale Maggiore 3, 20162 Milan, Italy.
| | - Sara Perteghella
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
- PharmaExceed S.r.l., 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Barbara Antonioli
- Tissue Therapy Unit, ASST Niguarda Hospital, Piazza Ospedale Maggiore 3, 20162 Milan, Italy.
| | - Marta Cecilia Tosca
- Tissue Therapy Unit, ASST Niguarda Hospital, Piazza Ospedale Maggiore 3, 20162 Milan, Italy.
| | - Elia Bari
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Tripodo
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Milena Sorrenti
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Laura Catenacci
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Luca Mastracci
- Section of Histopathology, Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (DISC), IRCCS San Martino IST Hospital, University of Genoa, Largo R. Benzi 8, 16121 Genoa, Italy.
| | - Federica Grillo
- Section of Histopathology, Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (DISC), IRCCS San Martino IST Hospital, University of Genoa, Largo R. Benzi 8, 16121 Genoa, Italy.
| | - Mario Marazzi
- Tissue Therapy Unit, ASST Niguarda Hospital, Piazza Ospedale Maggiore 3, 20162 Milan, Italy.
| | - Maria Luisa Torre
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
- PharmaExceed S.r.l., 27100 Pavia, Italy.
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38
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Urbanek O, Kołbuk D, Wróbel M. Articular cartilage: New directions and barriers of scaffolds development – review. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2018.1452224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Olga Urbanek
- Institute of Fundamental Technological Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dorota Kołbuk
- Institute of Fundamental Technological Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mikołaj Wróbel
- Ortopedika – Centre for Specialized Surgery, Warsaw, Poland
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39
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Stüdle C, Vallmajó-Martín Q, Haumer A, Guerrero J, Centola M, Mehrkens A, Schaefer DJ, Ehrbar M, Barbero A, Martin I. Spatially confined induction of endochondral ossification by functionalized hydrogels for ectopic engineering of osteochondral tissues. Biomaterials 2018; 171:219-229. [PMID: 29705655 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Despite the various reported approaches to generate osteochondral composites by combination of different cell types and materials, engineering of templates with the capacity to autonomously and orderly develop into cartilage-bone bi-layered structures remains an open challenge. Here, we hypothesized that the embedding of cells inducible to endochondral ossification (i.e. bone marrow derived mesenchymal stromal cells, BMSCs) and of cells capable of robust and stable chondrogenesis (i.e. nasal chondrocytes, NCs) adjacent to each other in bi-layered hydrogels would develop directly in vivo into osteochondral tissues. Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) hydrogels were functionalized with TGFβ3 or BMP-2, enzymatically polymerized encapsulating human BMSCs, combined with a hydrogel layer containing human NCs and ectopically implanted in nude mice without pre-culture. The BMSC-loaded layers reproducibly underwent endochondral ossification and generated ossicles containing bone and marrow. The NC-loaded layers formed cartilage tissues, which (under the influence of BMP-2 but not of TGFβ3 from the neighbouring layer) remained phenotypically stable. The proposed strategy, resulting in orderly connected osteochondral composites, should be further assessed for the repair of osteoarticular defects and will be useful to model developmental processes leading to cartilage-bone interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Stüdle
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Queralt Vallmajó-Martín
- Department of Obstetrics, University Hospital Zürich, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland; Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Haumer
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Julien Guerrero
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Matteo Centola
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Anika Therapeutics Srl, Padua, Italy
| | - Arne Mehrkens
- Spine Surgery, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Dirk J Schaefer
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Martin Ehrbar
- Department of Obstetrics, University Hospital Zürich, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Barbero
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ivan Martin
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
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40
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Pleumeekers MM, Nimeskern L, Koevoet JLM, Karperien M, Stok KS, van Osch GJVM. Trophic effects of adipose-tissue-derived and bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells enhance cartilage generation by chondrocytes in co-culture. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0190744. [PMID: 29489829 PMCID: PMC5830031 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0190744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Combining mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and chondrocytes has great potential for cell-based cartilage repair. However, there is much debate regarding the mechanisms behind this concept. We aimed to clarify the mechanisms that lead to chondrogenesis (chondrocyte driven MSC-differentiation versus MSC driven chondroinduction) and whether their effect was dependent on MSC-origin. Therefore, chondrogenesis of human adipose-tissue-derived MSCs (hAMSCs) and bone-marrow-derived MSCs (hBMSCs) combined with bovine articular chondrocytes (bACs) was compared. METHODS hAMSCs or hBMSCs were combined with bACs in alginate and cultured in vitro or implanted subcutaneously in mice. Cartilage formation was evaluated with biochemical, histological and biomechanical analyses. To further investigate the interactions between bACs and hMSCs, (1) co-culture, (2) pellet, (3) Transwell® and (4) conditioned media studies were conducted. RESULTS The presence of hMSCs-either hAMSCs or hBMSCs-increased chondrogenesis in culture; deposition of GAG was most evidently enhanced in hBMSC/bACs. This effect was similar when hMSCs and bAC were combined in pellet culture, in alginate culture or when conditioned media of hMSCs were used on bAC. Species-specific gene-expression analyses demonstrated that aggrecan was expressed by bACs only, indicating a predominantly trophic role for hMSCs. Collagen-10-gene expression of bACs was not affected by hBMSCs, but slightly enhanced by hAMSCs. After in-vivo implantation, hAMSC/bACs and hBMSC/bACs had similar cartilage matrix production, both appeared stable and did not calcify. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that replacing 80% of bACs by either hAMSCs or hBMSCs does not influence cartilage matrix production or stability. The remaining chondrocytes produce more matrix due to trophic factors produced by hMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. M. Pleumeekers
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck surgery, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - L. Nimeskern
- Institute for Biomechanics, ETH, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - J. L. M. Koevoet
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck surgery, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Orthopaedics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - M. Karperien
- Department of Tissue Regeneration, MIRA-institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - K. S. Stok
- Institute for Biomechanics, ETH, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - G. J. V. M. van Osch
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck surgery, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Orthopaedics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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41
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He A, Xia H, Xiao K, Wang T, Liu Y, Xue J, Li D, Tang S, Liu F, Wang X, Zhang W, Liu W, Cao Y, Zhou G. Cell yield, chondrogenic potential, and regenerated cartilage type of chondrocytes derived from ear, nasoseptal, and costal cartilage. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2017; 12:1123-1132. [PMID: 29139602 DOI: 10.1002/term.2613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Revised: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Functional reconstruction of large cartilage defects in subcutaneous sites remains clinically challenging because of limited donor cartilage. Tissue engineering is a promising and widely accepted strategy for cartilage regeneration. To date, however, this strategy has not achieved a significant breakthrough in clinical translation owing to a lack of detailed preclinical data on cell yield and functionality of clinically applicable chondrocytes. To address this issue, the current study investigated the initial cell yield, proliferative potential, chondrogenic capacity, and regenerated cartilage type of human chondrocytes derived from auricular, nasoseptal, and costal cartilage using a scaffold-free cartilage regeneration model (cartilage sheet). Chondrocytes from all sources exhibited high sensitivity to basic fibroblast growth factor within 8 passages. Nasoseptal chondrocytes presented the strongest proliferation rate, whereas auricular chondrocytes obtained the highest total cell amount using comparable cartilage sample weights. Importantly, all chondrocytes at fifth passage showed strong chondrogenic capacity both in vitro and in the subcutaneous environment of nude mice. Although some significant differences in histological structure, cartilage matrix content and cartilage type specific proteins were observed between the in vitro engineered cartilage and original tissue; the in vivo regenerated cartilage showed mature cartilage features with high similarity to their original native tissue, except for minor matrix changes influenced by the in vivo environment. The current study provides detailed preclinical data for choice of chondrocyte source and thus promotes the clinical translation of cartilage regeneration approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aijuan He
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Shanghai, China.,National Tissue Engineering Center of China, Shanghai, China
| | - Huitang Xia
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Shanghai, China.,National Tissue Engineering Center of China, Shanghai, China.,Research Institute of Plastic Surgery, Wei Fang Medical College, Wei Fang, Shandong, China
| | - Kaiyan Xiao
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Shanghai, China
| | - Tingting Wang
- National Tissue Engineering Center of China, Shanghai, China.,Research Institute of Plastic Surgery, Wei Fang Medical College, Wei Fang, Shandong, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Shanghai, China.,National Tissue Engineering Center of China, Shanghai, China
| | - Jixin Xue
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Shanghai, China.,Department of Hand and Plastic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Shanghai, China.,National Tissue Engineering Center of China, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengjian Tang
- Research Institute of Plastic Surgery, Wei Fang Medical College, Wei Fang, Shandong, China
| | - Fangjun Liu
- Research Institute of Plastic Surgery, Wei Fang Medical College, Wei Fang, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaoyun Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Wu Jing Hospital, Minhang District, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenjie Zhang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Shanghai, China.,National Tissue Engineering Center of China, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Shanghai, China.,National Tissue Engineering Center of China, Shanghai, China
| | - Yilin Cao
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Shanghai, China.,National Tissue Engineering Center of China, Shanghai, China
| | - Guangdong Zhou
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Shanghai, China.,National Tissue Engineering Center of China, Shanghai, China.,Research Institute of Plastic Surgery, Wei Fang Medical College, Wei Fang, Shandong, China
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42
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Islam A, Romijn EI, Lilledahl MB, Martinez-Zubiaurre I. Non-linear optical microscopy as a novel quantitative and label-free imaging modality to improve the assessment of tissue-engineered cartilage. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2017; 25:1729-1737. [PMID: 28668541 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2017.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Revised: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Current systems to evaluate outcomes from tissue-engineered cartilage (TEC) are sub-optimal. The main purpose of our study was to demonstrate the use of second harmonic generation (SHG) microscopy as a novel quantitative approach to assess collagen deposition in laboratory made cartilage constructs. METHODS Scaffold-free cartilage constructs were obtained by condensation of in vitro expanded Hoffa's fat pad derived stromal cells (HFPSCs), incubated in the presence or absence of chondrogenic growth factors (GF) during a period of 21 d. Cartilage-like features in constructs were assessed by Alcian blue staining, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), SHG and two-photon excited fluorescence microscopy. A new scoring system, using second harmonic generation microscopy (SHGM) index for collagen density and distribution, was adapted to the existing "Bern score" in order to evaluate in vitro TEC. RESULTS Spheroids with GF gave a relative high Bern score value due to appropriate cell morphology, cell density, tissue-like features and proteoglycan content, whereas spheroids without GF did not. However, both TEM and SHGM revealed striking differences between the collagen framework in the spheroids and native cartilage. Spheroids required a four-fold increase in laser power to visualize the collagen matrix by SHGM compared to native cartilage. Additionally, collagen distribution, determined as the area of tissue generating SHG signal, was higher in spheroids with GF than without GF, but lower than in native cartilage. CONCLUSION SHG represents a reliable quantitative approach to assess collagen deposition in laboratory engineered cartilage, and may be applied to improve currently established scoring systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Islam
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø, Norway.
| | - E I Romijn
- Department of Physics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norway.
| | - M B Lilledahl
- Department of Physics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norway.
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43
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Chen W, Li C, Peng M, Xie B, Zhang L, Tang X. Autologous nasal chondrocytes delivered by injectable hydrogel for in vivo articular cartilage regeneration. Cell Tissue Bank 2017; 19:35-46. [PMID: 28815373 PMCID: PMC5829115 DOI: 10.1007/s10561-017-9649-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cell based tissue engineering serves as a promising strategy for articular cartilage repair, which remains a challenge both for researchers and clinicians. The aim of this research was to assess the potential of autologous nasal chondrocytes (NCs) combined with alginate hydrogel as injectable constructs for rabbit articular cartilage repair. Autologous nasal chondrocytes were isolated from rabbit nasal septum, expanded either on monolayer or in 3D alginate hydrogel. In vitro, DNA quantification revealed that NCs can proliferate stable in 3D alginate matrix, but slower than that cultured in monolayer. Further, a higher synthesis rate of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) was detected by GAG measurement in 3D alginate culture. Gene expression analysis at different time point (day 1, 7, 14) showed that 3D culture of NCs in alginate up-regulated chondrogenic markers (Col2A1, ACAN SOX9), meanwhile down-regulated dedifferentiation related gene (Col1A1). In vivo, autologous nasal chondrocytes combined with alginate hydrogel were used for repairing rabbit knee osteochondral defect (Alg + NC group). Histological staining indicated that Alg + NC group obtained superior and more hyaline-like repaired tissue both at 3 and 6 months after surgery. Mechanical analysis showed that the repaired tissue in the Alg + NC group possessed similar mechanical properties to the native cartilage. In conclusion, nasal chondrocytes appeared to be a very promising seed cell source for cartilage tissue engineering, and alginate hydrogel can serve as suitable delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenliang Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 168th Ruifeng avenue, Rui'an, 325200, People's Republic of China
| | - Changhua Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 168th Ruifeng avenue, Rui'an, 325200, People's Republic of China
| | - Maoxiu Peng
- Department of Orthopedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 168th Ruifeng avenue, Rui'an, 325200, People's Republic of China
| | - Bingju Xie
- Department of Orthopedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 168th Ruifeng avenue, Rui'an, 325200, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 168th Ruifeng avenue, Rui'an, 325200, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojun Tang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 168th Ruifeng avenue, Rui'an, 325200, People's Republic of China.
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44
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Strategies to Mitigate Variability in Engineering Human Nasal Cartilage. Sci Rep 2017; 7:6490. [PMID: 28747655 PMCID: PMC5529506 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-06666-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Skin cancer and its associated treitments can have devastating consequences for survivors; this is particularly true when cancer occurs on the nose. Recent work has applied cell-based tissue engineering (TE) strategies to develop nasal cartilage constructs for reconstruction of the nose. In this study, we have generated human nasal cartilage on a clinically approved collagen scaffold to investigate the donor-to-donor variability of TE cartilage and evaluated strategies to mitigate it. We also evaluated the gene expression of the family of fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFR1-4) and their association with tissue quality. FGFR1 was significantly positively correlated with GAG/DNA; a measure of chondrogenic capacity. We implemented two strategies: hypoxic culture and co-culture with mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) to increase tissue quality. Total glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content varied significantly between donors initially, with >10–fold difference between the best and worst donor tissue. Our co-culture strategy was able to increase TE construct quality from poor quality donor tissue while supressing hypertrophy relative to MSCs alone. However, no differences were observed with the use of hypoxic culture. Tissues generated using co-culture with MSCs became vascularized and calcified in vivo, demonstrating a non-stable cartilage phenotype in co-culture and MSCs cartilage constructs.
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45
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You F, Eames BF, Chen X. Application of Extrusion-Based Hydrogel Bioprinting for Cartilage Tissue Engineering. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E1597. [PMID: 28737701 PMCID: PMC5536084 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18071597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Extrusion-based bioprinting (EBB) is a rapidly developing technique that has made substantial progress in the fabrication of constructs for cartilage tissue engineering (CTE) over the past decade. With this technique, cell-laden hydrogels or bio-inks have been extruded onto printing stages, layer-by-layer, to form three-dimensional (3D) constructs with varying sizes, shapes, and resolutions. This paper reviews the cell sources and hydrogels that can be used for bio-ink formulations in CTE application. Additionally, this paper discusses the important properties of bio-inks to be applied in the EBB technique, including biocompatibility, printability, as well as mechanical properties. The printability of a bio-ink is associated with the formation of first layer, ink rheological properties, and crosslinking mechanisms. Further, this paper discusses two bioprinting approaches to build up cartilage constructs, i.e., self-supporting hydrogel bioprinting and hybrid bioprinting, along with their applications in fabricating chondral, osteochondral, and zonally organized cartilage regenerative constructs. Lastly, current limitations and future opportunities of EBB in printing cartilage regenerative constructs are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu You
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, 57 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N5A9, Canada.
| | - B Frank Eames
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, 57 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N5A9, Canada.
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada.
| | - Xiongbiao Chen
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, 57 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N5A9, Canada.
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, 57 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N5A9, Canada.
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46
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Angelozzi M, Penolazzi L, Mazzitelli S, Lambertini E, Lolli A, Piva R, Nastruzzi C. Dedifferentiated Chondrocytes in Composite Microfibers As Tool for Cartilage Repair. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2017; 5:35. [PMID: 28660185 PMCID: PMC5468460 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2017.00035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue engineering (TE) approaches using biomaterials have gain important roles in the regeneration of cartilage. This paper describes the production by microfluidics of alginate-based microfibers containing both extracellular matrix (ECM)-derived biomaterials and chondrocytes. As ECM components gelatin or decellularized urinary bladder matrix (UBM) were investigated. The effectiveness of the composite microfibers has been tested to modulate the behavior and redifferentiation of dedifferentiated chondrocytes. The complete redifferentiation, at the single-cell level, of the chondrocytes, without cell aggregate formation, was observed after 14 days of cell culture. Specific chondrogenic markers and high cellular secretory activity was observed in embedded cells. Notably, no sign of collagen type 10 deposition was determined. The obtained data suggest that dedifferentiated chondrocytes regain a functional chondrocyte phenotype when embedded in appropriate 3D scaffold based on alginate plus gelatin or UBM. The proposed scaffolds are indeed valuable to form a cellular microenvironment mimicking the in vivo ECM, opening the way to their use in cartilage TE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Angelozzi
- Department of Biomedical and Specialty Surgical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Letizia Penolazzi
- Department of Biomedical and Specialty Surgical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Stefania Mazzitelli
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Lambertini
- Department of Biomedical and Specialty Surgical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Andrea Lolli
- Department of Orthopaedics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Roberta Piva
- Department of Biomedical and Specialty Surgical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Claudio Nastruzzi
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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47
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Pelttari K, Mumme M, Barbero A, Martin I. Nasal chondrocytes as a neural crest-derived cell source for regenerative medicine. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2017; 47:1-6. [PMID: 28551498 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2017.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cells deriving from neural crest are generally acknowledged during embryonic development for their multipotency and plasticity, accounting for their capacity to generate various cell and tissue types even across germ layers. At least partial preservation of some of these properties in adulthood makes neural crest derived cells of large interest for regenerative purposes. Chondrocytes from fully mature nasal septum cartilage in adults are also derivatives of neural crest cells and were recently demonstrated to be able not only to maintain functionality across serial cloning, as surrogate self-renewal test, but also to respond and adapt to heterotopic transplantation sites. Based on these findings, cartilage grafts engineered by nasal chondrocytes were clinically used to reconstitute the nasal alar lobule and to repair articular cartilage defects. This article discusses further perspectives of potential clinical utility for nasal chondrocytes in musculoskeletal regeneration. It then highlights the need to derive deeper understanding of their biological properties in order to inform on possible therapeutic modes of action. This acquired knowledge will help to optimise manufacturing conditions to guarantee defined functional traits associated with safety and therapeutic potency of nasal chondrocytes in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karoliina Pelttari
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, University Hospital of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marcus Mumme
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, University Hospital of Basel, Switzerland; Clinic for Orthopedics and Traumatology, University Hospital of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Barbero
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, University Hospital of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ivan Martin
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, University Hospital of Basel, Switzerland.
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48
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Vedicherla S, Buckley CT. In vitro extracellular matrix accumulation of nasal and articular chondrocytes for intervertebral disc repair. Tissue Cell 2017; 49:503-513. [PMID: 28515001 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2017.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Revised: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Chondrocyte based regenerative therapies for intervertebral disc repair such as Autologous Disc Cell Transplantation (ADCT, CODON) and allogeneic juvenile chondrocyte implantation (NuQu®, ISTO Technologies) have demonstrated good outcomes in clinical trials. However concerns remain with the supply demand reconciliation and issues surrounding immunoreactivity which exist for allogeneic-type technologies. The use of stem cells is challenging due to high growth factor requirements, regulatory barriers and differentiation towards a stable phenotype. Therefore, there is a need to identify alternative non-disc cell sources for the development and clinical translation of next generation therapies for IVD regeneration. In this study, we compared Nasal Chondrocytes (NC) as a non-disc alternative chondrocyte source with Articular Chondrocytes (AC) in terms of cell yield, morphology, proliferation kinetics and ability to produce key extracellular matrix components under 5% and 20% oxygen conditions, with and without exogenous TGF-β supplementation. Results indicated that NC maintained proliferative capacity with high amounts of sGAG and lower collagen accumulation in the absence of TGF-β supplementation under 5% oxygen conditions. Importantly, osteogenesis and calcification was inhibited for NC when cultured in IVD-like microenvironmental conditions. The present study provides a rationale for the exploration of nasal chondrocytes as a promising, potent and clinically feasible autologous cell source for putative IVD repair strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Vedicherla
- Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland; School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| | - C T Buckley
- Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland; School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland; Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland; Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research (AMBER) Centre, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland & Trinity College Dublin, Ireland.
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49
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Rapid Chondrocyte Isolation for Tissue Engineering Applications: The Effect of Enzyme Concentration and Temporal Exposure on the Matrix Forming Capacity of Nasal Derived Chondrocytes. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017. [PMID: 28337445 DOI: 10.1155/2017/2395138.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Laboratory based processing and expansion to yield adequate cell numbers had been the standard in Autologous Disc Chondrocyte Transplantation (ADCT), Allogeneic Juvenile Chondrocyte Implantation (NuQu®), and Matrix-Induced Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation (MACI). Optimizing cell isolation is a key challenge in terms of obtaining adequate cell numbers while maintaining a vibrant cell population capable of subsequent proliferation and matrix elaboration. However, typical cell yields from a cartilage digest are highly variable between donors and based on user competency. The overall objective of this study was to optimize chondrocyte isolation from cartilaginous nasal tissue through modulation of enzyme concentration exposure (750 and 3000 U/ml) and incubation time (1 and 12 h), combined with physical agitation cycles, and to assess subsequent cell viability and matrix forming capacity. Overall, increasing enzyme exposure time was found to be more detrimental than collagenase concentration for subsequent viability, proliferation, and matrix forming capacity (sGAG and collagen) of these cells resulting in nonuniform cartilaginous matrix deposition. Taken together, consolidating a 3000 U/ml collagenase digest of 1 h at a ratio of 10 ml/g of cartilage tissue with physical agitation cycles can improve efficiency of chondrocyte isolation, yielding robust, more uniform matrix formation.
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50
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Rapid Chondrocyte Isolation for Tissue Engineering Applications: The Effect of Enzyme Concentration and Temporal Exposure on the Matrix Forming Capacity of Nasal Derived Chondrocytes. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:2395138. [PMID: 28337445 PMCID: PMC5350344 DOI: 10.1155/2017/2395138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Laboratory based processing and expansion to yield adequate cell numbers had been the standard in Autologous Disc Chondrocyte Transplantation (ADCT), Allogeneic Juvenile Chondrocyte Implantation (NuQu®), and Matrix-Induced Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation (MACI). Optimizing cell isolation is a key challenge in terms of obtaining adequate cell numbers while maintaining a vibrant cell population capable of subsequent proliferation and matrix elaboration. However, typical cell yields from a cartilage digest are highly variable between donors and based on user competency. The overall objective of this study was to optimize chondrocyte isolation from cartilaginous nasal tissue through modulation of enzyme concentration exposure (750 and 3000 U/ml) and incubation time (1 and 12 h), combined with physical agitation cycles, and to assess subsequent cell viability and matrix forming capacity. Overall, increasing enzyme exposure time was found to be more detrimental than collagenase concentration for subsequent viability, proliferation, and matrix forming capacity (sGAG and collagen) of these cells resulting in nonuniform cartilaginous matrix deposition. Taken together, consolidating a 3000 U/ml collagenase digest of 1 h at a ratio of 10 ml/g of cartilage tissue with physical agitation cycles can improve efficiency of chondrocyte isolation, yielding robust, more uniform matrix formation.
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