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Nguyen ML, Demri N, Lapin B, Di Federico F, Gropplero G, Cayrac F, Hennig K, Gomes ER, Wilhelm C, Roman W, Descroix S. Studying the impact of geometrical and cellular cues on myogenesis with a skeletal muscle-on-chip. LAB ON A CHIP 2024; 24:4147-4160. [PMID: 39072529 DOI: 10.1039/d4lc00417e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
In the skeletal muscle tissue, cells are organized following an anisotropic architecture, which is both required during myogenesis when muscle precursor cells fuse to generate myotubes and for its contractile function. To build an in vitro skeletal muscle tissue, it is therefore essential to develop methods to organize cells in an anisotropic fashion, which can be particularly challenging, especially in 3D. In this study, we present a versatile muscle-on-chip system with adjustable collagen hollow tubes that can be seeded with muscle precursor cells. The collagen acts both as a tube-shaped hollow mold and as an extracellular matrix scaffold that can house other cell types for co-culture. We found that the diameter of the channel affects the organization of the muscle cells and that proper myogenesis was obtained at a diameter of 75 μm. In these conditions, muscle precursor cells fused into long myotubes aligned along these collagen channels, resulting in a fascicle-like structure. These myotubes exhibited actin striations and upregulation of multiple myogenic genes, reflecting their maturation. Moreover, we showed that our chip allowed muscle tissue culture and maturation over a month, with the possibility of fibroblast co-culture embedding in the collagen matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- M-L Nguyen
- Laboratoire Physico Chimie Curie, PCC, CNRS UMR168, Institut Curie, Sorbonne University, PSL University, 75005 Paris, France.
| | - N Demri
- Laboratoire Physico Chimie Curie, PCC, CNRS UMR168, Institut Curie, Sorbonne University, PSL University, 75005 Paris, France.
| | - B Lapin
- Laboratoire Physico Chimie Curie, PCC, CNRS UMR168, Institut Curie, Sorbonne University, PSL University, 75005 Paris, France.
| | - F Di Federico
- Laboratoire Physico Chimie Curie, PCC, CNRS UMR168, Institut Curie, Sorbonne University, PSL University, 75005 Paris, France.
| | - G Gropplero
- Laboratoire Physico Chimie Curie, PCC, CNRS UMR168, Institut Curie, Sorbonne University, PSL University, 75005 Paris, France.
| | - F Cayrac
- Laboratoire Physico Chimie Curie, PCC, CNRS UMR168, Institut Curie, Sorbonne University, PSL University, 75005 Paris, France.
| | - K Hennig
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Edgar R Gomes
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - C Wilhelm
- Laboratoire Physico Chimie Curie, PCC, CNRS UMR168, Institut Curie, Sorbonne University, PSL University, 75005 Paris, France.
| | - W Roman
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - S Descroix
- Laboratoire Physico Chimie Curie, PCC, CNRS UMR168, Institut Curie, Sorbonne University, PSL University, 75005 Paris, France.
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2
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Nguyen J, Gilbert PM. Decoding the forces that shape muscle stem cell function. Curr Top Dev Biol 2024; 158:279-306. [PMID: 38670710 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2024.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is a force-producing organ composed of muscle tissues, connective tissues, blood vessels, and nerves, all working in synergy to enable movement and provide support to the body. While robust biomechanical descriptions of skeletal muscle force production at the body or tissue level exist, little is known about force application on microstructures within the muscles, such as cells. Among various cell types, skeletal muscle stem cells reside in the muscle tissue environment and play a crucial role in driving the self-repair process when muscle damage occurs. Early evidence indicates that the fate and function of skeletal muscle stem cells are controlled by both biophysical and biochemical factors in their microenvironments, but much remains to accomplish in quantitatively describing the biophysical muscle stem cell microenvironment. This book chapter aims to review current knowledge on the influence of biophysical stresses and landscape properties on muscle stem cells in heath, aging, and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jo Nguyen
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Penney M Gilbert
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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3
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Uribe-Gomez J, Posada-Murcia A, Shukla A, Alkhamis H, Salehi S, Ionov L. Soft Elastic Fibrous Scaffolds for Muscle Tissue Engineering by Touch Spinning. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021; 4:5585-5597. [PMID: 35006745 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.1c00403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This paper reports an approach for the fabrication of highly aligned soft elastic fibrous scaffolds using touch spinning of thermoplastic polycaprolactone-polyurethane elastomers and demonstrates their potential for the engineering of muscle tissue. A family of polyester-polyurethane soft copolymers based on polycaprolactone with different molecular weights and three different chain extenders such as 1,4-butanediol and polyethylene glycols with different molecular weight was synthesized. By varying the molar ratio and molecular weights between the segments of the copolymer, different physicochemical and mechanical properties were obtained. The polymers possess elastic modulus in the range of a few megapascals and good reversibility of deformation after stretching. The combination of the selected materials and fabrication methods allows several essential advantages such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, suitable mechanical properties (elasticity and softness of the fibers), high recovery ratio, and high resilience mimicking properties of the extracellular matrix of muscle tissue. Myoblasts demonstrate high viability in contact with aligned fibrous scaffolds, where they align along the fibers, allowing efficient cell patterning on top of the structures. Altogether, the importance of this approach is the fabrication of highly oriented fiber constructs that can support the proliferation and alignment of muscle cells for muscle tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Uribe-Gomez
- Faculty of Engineering Sciences and Bavarian Polymer Institute, University of Bayreuth, Ludwig Thoma Str. 36A, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Andrés Posada-Murcia
- Faculty of Engineering Sciences and Bavarian Polymer Institute, University of Bayreuth, Ludwig Thoma Str. 36A, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Amit Shukla
- Faculty of Engineering Sciences and Bavarian Polymer Institute, University of Bayreuth, Ludwig Thoma Str. 36A, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Hanin Alkhamis
- Faculty of Engineering Sciences and Bavarian Polymer Institute, University of Bayreuth, Ludwig Thoma Str. 36A, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Sahar Salehi
- Department of Biomaterials, University of Bayreuth, Prof.-Rüdiger-Bormann Str. 1, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Leonid Ionov
- Faculty of Engineering Sciences and Bavarian Polymer Institute, University of Bayreuth, Ludwig Thoma Str. 36A, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
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Promoting musculoskeletal system soft tissue regeneration by biomaterial-mediated modulation of macrophage polarization. Bioact Mater 2021; 6:4096-4109. [PMID: 33997496 PMCID: PMC8091177 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Musculoskeletal disorders are common in clinical practice. Repairing critical-sized defects in musculoskeletal systems remains a challenge for researchers and surgeons, requiring the application of tissue engineering biomaterials. Successful application depends on the response of the host tissue to the biomaterial and specific healing process of each anatomical structure. The commonly-held view is that biomaterials should be biocompatible to minimize local host immune response. However, a growing number of studies have shown that active modulation of the immune cells, particularly macrophages, via biomaterials is an effective way to control immune response and promote tissue regeneration as well as biomaterial integration. Therefore, we critically review the role of macrophages in the repair of injured musculoskeletal system soft tissues, which have relatively poor regenerative capacities, as well as discuss further enhancement of target tissue regeneration via modulation of macrophage polarization by biomaterial-mediated immunomodulation (biomaterial properties and delivery systems). This active regulation approach rather than passive-evade strategy maximizes the potential of biomaterials to promote musculoskeletal system soft tissue regeneration and provides alternative therapeutic options for repairing critical-sized defects. Different phenotypes of macrophages play a crucial role in musculoskeletal system soft tissue regeneration. Biomaterials and biomaterial-based delivery systems can be utilized to modulate macrophage polarization. This review summarizes immunomodulatory biomaterials to spur musculoskeletal system soft tissue regeneration.
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Tao X, Du P, Li L, Lin J, Shi Y, Wang PY. Human Platelet Lysate Supports Mouse Skeletal Myoblast Growth but Suppresses Cell Fusion on Nanogrooves. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2020; 3:3594-3604. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c00230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuelian Tao
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Biomimetic Materials and Cellular Immunomodulation, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
- Center for Human Tissues and Organs Degeneration, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Ping Du
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Biomimetic Materials and Cellular Immunomodulation, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
- Center for Human Tissues and Organs Degeneration, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Li Li
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Jiao Lin
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Biomimetic Materials and Cellular Immunomodulation, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
- Center for Human Tissues and Organs Degeneration, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Yue Shi
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Biomimetic Materials and Cellular Immunomodulation, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
- Center for Human Tissues and Organs Degeneration, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Peng-Yuan Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Biomimetic Materials and Cellular Immunomodulation, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
- Center for Human Tissues and Organs Degeneration, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia
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6
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Wragg NM, Player DJ, Martin NRW, Liu Y, Lewis MP. Development of tissue‐engineered skeletal muscle manufacturing variables. Biotechnol Bioeng 2019; 116:2364-2376. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.27074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas M. Wragg
- School of Sport, Exercise, and Health SciencesLoughborough UniversityLoughborough UK
- Wolfson School of Mechanical, Electrical, and Manufacturing EngineeringLoughborough UniversityLoughborough UK
- Centre for Biological EngineeringLoughborough UniversityLoughborough UK
| | - Darren J. Player
- School of Sport, Exercise, and Health SciencesLoughborough UniversityLoughborough UK
- Centre for Sport, Exercise, and OsteoarthritisArthritis Research UK UK
- Division of Surgery and Interventional ScienceUniversity College LondonLondon UK
| | - Neil R. W. Martin
- School of Sport, Exercise, and Health SciencesLoughborough UniversityLoughborough UK
| | - Yang Liu
- Wolfson School of Mechanical, Electrical, and Manufacturing EngineeringLoughborough UniversityLoughborough UK
- Centre for Biological EngineeringLoughborough UniversityLoughborough UK
| | - Mark P. Lewis
- School of Sport, Exercise, and Health SciencesLoughborough UniversityLoughborough UK
- Centre for Sport, Exercise, and OsteoarthritisArthritis Research UK UK
- National Centre for Sport and Exercise MedicineLoughborough UK
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7
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Xu B, Magli A, Anugrah Y, Koester SJ, Perlingeiro RCR, Shen W. Nanotopography-responsive myotube alignment and orientation as a sensitive phenotypic biomarker for Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy. Biomaterials 2018; 183:54-66. [PMID: 30149230 PMCID: PMC6239205 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.08.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) is a fatal genetic disorder currently having no cure. Here we report that culture substrates patterned with nanogrooves and functionalized with Matrigel (or laminin) present an engineered cell microenvironment to allow myotubes derived from non-diseased, less-affected DMD, and severely-affected DMD human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) to exhibit prominent differences in alignment and orientation, providing a sensitive phenotypic biomarker to potentially facilitate DMD drug development and early diagnosis. We discovered that myotubes differentiated from myogenic progenitors derived from non-diseased hiPSCs align nearly perpendicular to nanogrooves, a phenomenon not reported previously. We further found that myotubes derived from hiPSCs of a dystrophin-null DMD patient orient randomly, and those from hiPSCs of a patient carrying partially functional dystrophin align approximately 14° off the alignment direction of non-diseased myotubes. Substrates engineered with micron-scale grooves and/or cell adhesion molecules only interacting with integrins all guide parallel myotube alignment to grooves and lose the ability to distinguish different cell types. Disruption of the interaction between the Dystrophin-Associated-Protein-Complex (DAPC) and laminin by heparin or anti-α-dystroglycan antibody IIH6 disenables myotubes to align perpendicular to nanogrooves, suggesting that this phenotype is controlled by the DAPC-mediated cytoskeleton-extracellular matrix linkage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Xu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Alessandro Magli
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Yoska Anugrah
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Steven J Koester
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Institute for Engineering in Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Rita C R Perlingeiro
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Institute for Engineering in Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | - Wei Shen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Institute for Engineering in Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
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8
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Hwang Y, Seo T, Hariri S, Choi C, Varghese S. Matrix Topographical Cue-Mediated Myogenic Differentiation of Human Embryonic Stem Cell Derivatives. Polymers (Basel) 2017; 9:polym9110580. [PMID: 30965882 PMCID: PMC6418725 DOI: 10.3390/polym9110580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomaterials varying in physical properties, chemical composition and biofunctionalities can be used as powerful tools to regulate skeletal muscle-specific cellular behaviors, including myogenic differentiation of progenitor cells. Biomaterials with defined topographical cues (e.g., patterned substrates) can mediate cellular alignment of progenitor cells and improve myogenic differentiation. In this study, we employed soft lithography techniques to create substrates with microtopographical cues and used these substrates to study the effect of matrix topographical cues on myogenic differentiation of human embryonic stem cell (hESC)-derived mesodermal progenitor cells expressing platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha (PDGFRA). Our results show that the majority (>80%) of PDGFRA+ cells on micropatterned polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrates were aligned along the direction of the microgrooves and underwent robust myogenic differentiation compared to those on non-patterned surfaces. Matrix topography-mediated alignment of the mononucleated cells promoted their fusion resulting in mainly (~86%⁻93%) multinucleated myotube formation. Furthermore, when implanted, the cells on the micropatterned substrates showed enhanced in vivo survival (>5⁻7 times) and engraftment (>4⁻6 times) in cardiotoxin-injured tibialis anterior (TA) muscles of NOD/SCID mice compared to cells cultured on corresponding non-patterned substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongsung Hwang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, CA 92521, USA.
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan-si, Chungcheongnam-do 31151, Korea.
| | - Timothy Seo
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, CA 92521, USA.
| | - Sara Hariri
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, CA 92521, USA.
| | - Chulmin Choi
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, San Diego, CA 92521, USA.
| | - Shyni Varghese
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, CA 92521, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science and Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
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Ay B, Karaoz E, Kesemenli CC, Kenar H. Skeletal muscle patch engineering on synthetic and acellular human skeletal muscle originated scaffolds. J Biomed Mater Res A 2016; 105:879-890. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Revised: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Birol Ay
- Stem Cell Department; Kocaeli University, Institute of Health Sciences; Kocaeli Turkey
- Center for Stem Cell and Gene Therapies Research and Practice, Kocaeli University; Kocaeli Turkey
| | - Erdal Karaoz
- Stem Cell Department; Kocaeli University, Institute of Health Sciences; Kocaeli Turkey
- Center for Stem Cell and Gene Therapies Research and Practice, Kocaeli University; Kocaeli Turkey
| | - Cumhur C. Kesemenli
- Faculty of Medicine; Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology; Kocaeli University; Kocaeli Turkey
| | - Halime Kenar
- Stem Cell Department; Kocaeli University, Institute of Health Sciences; Kocaeli Turkey
- BIOMATEN Center of Excellence in Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering; METU; Ankara Turkey
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Kocaeli University; Kocaeli Turkey
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10
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Abstract
To evaluate the anastomotic potential of prevascular tissue constructs generated from scaffold-free self-assembly of human endothelial and fibroblast cells, tissue constructs were implanted into athymic mice and immune-competent rats. Analysis of xenografts placed into hind limb muscle defects showed vascular anastomotic activity by 3 days after implantation and persisting for 2 weeks. Integration of the implanted prevascular tissue constructs with the host circulatory system was evident from presence of red blood cells in the implant as early as 3 days after implantation. Additionally, analysis of 3-day xenografts in the rat model showed activation of skeletal muscle satellite cells based on Pax-7 and MyoD expressions. We conclude that prevascular tissue constructs generated from scaffold-free self-assembly of human endothelial and fibroblast cells are a promising tool to provide both vascular supply and satellite cell activation toward the resolution of skeletal muscle injury.
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Grasman JM, Zayas MJ, Page RL, Pins GD. Biomimetic scaffolds for regeneration of volumetric muscle loss in skeletal muscle injuries. Acta Biomater 2015. [PMID: 26219862 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2015.07.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle injuries typically result from traumatic incidents such as combat injuries where soft-tissue extremity injuries are present in one of four cases. Further, about 4.5 million reconstructive surgical procedures are performed annually as a result of car accidents, cancer ablation, or cosmetic procedures. These combat- and trauma-induced skeletal muscle injuries are characterized by volumetric muscle loss (VML), which significantly reduces the functionality of the injured muscle. While skeletal muscle has an innate repair mechanism, it is unable to compensate for VML injuries because large amounts of tissue including connective tissue and basement membrane are removed or destroyed. This results in a significant need to develop off-the-shelf biomimetic scaffolds to direct skeletal muscle regeneration. Here, the structure and organization of native skeletal muscle tissue is described in order to reveal clear design parameters that are necessary for scaffolds to mimic in order to successfully regenerate muscular tissue. We review the literature with respect to the materials and methodologies used to develop scaffolds for skeletal muscle tissue regeneration as well as the limitations of these materials. We further discuss the variety of cell sources and different injury models to provide some context for the multiple approaches used to evaluate these scaffold materials. Recent findings are highlighted to address the state of the field and directions are outlined for future strategies, both in scaffold design and in the use of different injury models to evaluate these materials, for regenerating functional skeletal muscle. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Volumetric muscle loss (VML) injuries result from traumatic incidents such as those presented from combat missions, where soft-tissue extremity injuries are represented in one of four cases. These injuries remove or destroy large amounts of skeletal muscle including the basement membrane and connective tissue, removing the structural, mechanical, and biochemical cues that usually direct its repair. This results in a significant need to develop off-the-shelf biomimetic scaffolds to direct skeletal muscle regeneration. In this review, we examine current strategies for the development of scaffold materials designed for skeletal muscle regeneration, highlighting advances and limitations associated with these methodologies. Finally, we identify future approaches to enhance skeletal muscle regeneration.
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Wolf MT, Dearth CL, Sonnenberg SB, Loboa EG, Badylak SF. Naturally derived and synthetic scaffolds for skeletal muscle reconstruction. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2015; 84:208-21. [PMID: 25174309 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2014.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2014] [Revised: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 08/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle tissue has an inherent capacity for regeneration following injury. However, severe trauma, such as volumetric muscle loss, overwhelms these natural muscle repair mechanisms prompting the search for a tissue engineering/regenerative medicine approach to promote functional skeletal muscle restoration. A desirable approach involves a bioscaffold that simultaneously acts as an inductive microenvironment and as a cell/drug delivery vehicle to encourage muscle ingrowth. Both biologically active, naturally derived materials (such as extracellular matrix) and carefully engineered synthetic polymers have been developed to provide such a muscle regenerative environment. Next generation naturally derived/synthetic "hybrid materials" would combine the advantageous properties of these materials to create an optimal platform for cell/drug delivery and possess inherent bioactive properties. Advances in scaffolds using muscle tissue engineering are reviewed herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew T Wolf
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Christopher L Dearth
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA; Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Sonya B Sonnenberg
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering at University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Elizabeth G Loboa
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering at University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA; Department of Materials Science & Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Stephen F Badylak
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA; Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
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13
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Qazi TH, Mooney DJ, Pumberger M, Geissler S, Duda GN. Biomaterials based strategies for skeletal muscle tissue engineering: existing technologies and future trends. Biomaterials 2015; 53:502-21. [PMID: 25890747 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.02.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 262] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Revised: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscles have a robust capacity to regenerate, but under compromised conditions, such as severe trauma, the loss of muscle functionality is inevitable. Research carried out in the field of skeletal muscle tissue engineering has elucidated multiple intrinsic mechanisms of skeletal muscle repair, and has thus sought to identify various types of cells and bioactive factors which play an important role during regeneration. In order to maximize the potential therapeutic effects of cells and growth factors, several biomaterial based strategies have been developed and successfully implemented in animal muscle injury models. A suitable biomaterial can be utilized as a template to guide tissue reorganization, as a matrix that provides optimum micro-environmental conditions to cells, as a delivery vehicle to carry bioactive factors which can be released in a controlled manner, and as local niches to orchestrate in situ tissue regeneration. A myriad of biomaterials, varying in geometrical structure, physical form, chemical properties, and biofunctionality have been investigated for skeletal muscle tissue engineering applications. In the current review, we present a detailed summary of studies where the use of biomaterials favorably influenced muscle repair. Biomaterials in the form of porous three-dimensional scaffolds, hydrogels, fibrous meshes, and patterned substrates with defined topographies, have each displayed unique benefits, and are discussed herein. Additionally, several biomaterial based approaches aimed specifically at stimulating vascularization, innervation, and inducing contractility in regenerating muscle tissues are also discussed. Finally, we outline promising future trends in the field of muscle regeneration involving a deeper understanding of the endogenous healing cascades and utilization of this knowledge for the development of multifunctional, hybrid, biomaterials which support and enable muscle regeneration under compromised conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taimoor H Qazi
- Julius Wolff Institute, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Berlin-Brandenburg School for Regenerative Therapies, Berlin, Germany.
| | - David J Mooney
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, USA.
| | - Matthias Pumberger
- Berlin-Brandenburg School for Regenerative Therapies, Berlin, Germany; Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charitè - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany.
| | - Sven Geissler
- Julius Wolff Institute, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Berlin-Brandenburg School for Regenerative Therapies, Berlin, Germany; Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Georg N Duda
- Julius Wolff Institute, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Berlin-Brandenburg School for Regenerative Therapies, Berlin, Germany; Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Berlin, Germany.
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14
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Influence of different types of carbon nanotubes on muscle cell response. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2015; 46:218-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2014.10.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2014] [Accepted: 10/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Hosseini V, Kollmannsberger P, Ahadian S, Ostrovidov S, Kaji H, Vogel V, Khademhosseini A. Fiber-assisted molding (FAM) of surfaces with tunable curvature to guide cell alignment and complex tissue architecture. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2014; 10:4851-4857. [PMID: 25070416 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201400263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2014] [Revised: 05/22/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A simple and robust method termed "fiber-assisted molding (FAM)" is presented to create biomimetic three-dimensional surfaces with controllable curvature and helical twist. The alignment of muscle fibrils and the assembly of helically patterned extracellular matrix by cells demonstrate the potential of this method for tissue engineering and other materials science applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahid Hosseini
- Laboratory of Applied Mechanobiology, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, CH-8093, Zurich, Switzerland
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16
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Ostrovidov S, Hosseini V, Ahadian S, Fujie T, Parthiban SP, Ramalingam M, Bae H, Kaji H, Khademhosseini A. Skeletal muscle tissue engineering: methods to form skeletal myotubes and their applications. TISSUE ENGINEERING. PART B, REVIEWS 2014; 20:403-36. [PMID: 24320971 PMCID: PMC4193686 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2013.0534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2013] [Accepted: 12/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle tissue engineering (SMTE) aims to repair or regenerate defective skeletal muscle tissue lost by traumatic injury, tumor ablation, or muscular disease. However, two decades after the introduction of SMTE, the engineering of functional skeletal muscle in the laboratory still remains a great challenge, and numerous techniques for growing functional muscle tissues are constantly being developed. This article reviews the recent findings regarding the methodology and various technical aspects of SMTE, including cell alignment and differentiation. We describe the structure and organization of muscle and discuss the methods for myoblast alignment cultured in vitro. To better understand muscle formation and to enhance the engineering of skeletal muscle, we also address the molecular basics of myogenesis and discuss different methods to induce myoblast differentiation into myotubes. We then provide an overview of different coculture systems involving skeletal muscle cells, and highlight major applications of engineered skeletal muscle tissues. Finally, potential challenges and future research directions for SMTE are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serge Ostrovidov
- WPI-Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Vahid Hosseini
- Laboratory of Applied Mechanobiology, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Samad Ahadian
- WPI-Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Toshinori Fujie
- WPI-Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Department of Life Science and Medical Bioscience, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Murugan Ramalingam
- WPI-Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg Cedex, France
- Centre for Stem Cell Research, Christian Medical College Campus, Vellore, India
| | - Hojae Bae
- College of Animal Bioscience and Technology, Department of Bioindustrial Technologies, Konkuk University, Hwayang-dong, Kwangjin-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hirokazu Kaji
- Department of Bioengineering and Robotics, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Ali Khademhosseini
- WPI-Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Department of Maxillofacial Biomedical Engineering, Institute of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
- Department of Physics, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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17
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Cei D, Malena A, de Maria C, Loro E, Sandri F, del Moro G, Bettio S, Vergani L, Vozzi G. In vitrodevelopment of engineered muscle using a scaffold based on the pressure-activated microsyringe (PAM) technique. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2014; 11:138-152. [DOI: 10.1002/term.1894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2013] [Revised: 02/20/2014] [Accepted: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Cei
- Research Centre ‘E. Piaggio’; University of Pisa; Italy
| | - Adriana Malena
- Department of Neuroscience SNPSRR; University of Padova; Italy
| | - Carmelo de Maria
- Research Centre ‘E. Piaggio’; University of Pisa; Italy
- Department of Ingegneria dell'Informazione; Pisa Italy
| | - Emanuele Loro
- Department of Neuroscience SNPSRR; University of Padova; Italy
| | - Federica Sandri
- Department of Neuroscience SNPSRR; University of Padova; Italy
| | - Giulia del Moro
- Department of Neuroscience SNPSRR; University of Padova; Italy
| | - Sara Bettio
- Department of Neuroscience SNPSRR; University of Padova; Italy
| | | | - Giovanni Vozzi
- Research Centre ‘E. Piaggio’; University of Pisa; Italy
- Department of Ingegneria dell'Informazione; Pisa Italy
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18
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Boffito M, Bernardi E, Sartori S, Ciardelli G, Sassi MP. A mechanical characterization of polymer scaffolds and films at the macroscale and nanoscale. J Biomed Mater Res A 2014; 103:162-9. [PMID: 24610888 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2013] [Revised: 01/13/2014] [Accepted: 02/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Biomaterials should be mechanically tested at both the nanoscale and macroscale under conditions simulating their working state, either in vitro or in vivo, to confirm their applicability in tissue engineering applications. In this article, polyester-urethane-based films and porous scaffolds produced by hot pressing and thermally induced phase separation respectively, were mechanically characterized at both the macroscale and nanoscale by tensile tests and indentation-type atomic force microscopy. All tests were conducted in wet state with the final aim of simulating scaffold real operating conditions. The films showed two distinct Young Moduli populations, which can be ascribed to polyurethane hard and soft segments. In the scaffold, the application of a thermal cooling gradient during phase separation was responsible for a nanoscale polymer chain organization in a preferred direction. At the macroscale, the porous matrices showed a Young Modulus of about 1.5 MPa in dry condition and 0.3 MPa in wet state. The combination of nanoscale and macroscale values as well as the aligned structure are in accordance with stiffness and structure required for scaffolds used for the regeneration of soft tissues such as muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Boffito
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Meccanica e Aerospaziale, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129, Torino, Italy
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19
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Weigel T, Schinkel G, Lendlein A. Design and preparation of polymeric scaffolds for tissue engineering. Expert Rev Med Devices 2014; 3:835-51. [PMID: 17280547 DOI: 10.1586/17434440.3.6.835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Polymeric scaffolds for tissue engineering can be prepared with a multitude of different techniques. Many diverse approaches have recently been under development. The adaptation of conventional preparation methods, such as electrospinning, induced phase separation of polymer solutions or porogen leaching, which were developed originally for other research areas, are described. In addition, the utilization of novel fabrication techniques, such as rapid prototyping or solid free-form procedures, with their many different methods to generate or to embody scaffold structures or the usage of self-assembly systems that mimic the properties of the extracellular matrix are also described. These methods are reviewed and evaluated with specific regard to their utility in the area of tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Weigel
- Department of Polymer Technology, Institute of Polymer Research, GKSS Research Center Geesthacht, Kantstr 55, D-14513 Teltow, Germany.
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20
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Use of flow, electrical, and mechanical stimulation to promote engineering of striated muscles. Ann Biomed Eng 2013; 42:1391-405. [PMID: 24366526 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-013-0966-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2013] [Accepted: 12/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The field of tissue engineering involves design of high-fidelity tissue substitutes for predictive experimental assays in vitro and cell-based regenerative therapies in vivo. Design of striated muscle tissues, such as cardiac and skeletal muscle, has been particularly challenging due to a high metabolic demand and complex cellular organization and electromechanical function of the native tissues. Successful engineering of highly functional striated muscles may thus require creation of biomimetic culture conditions involving medium perfusion, electrical and mechanical stimulation. When optimized, these external cues are expected to synergistically and dynamically activate important intracellular signaling pathways leading to accelerated muscle growth and development. This review will discuss the use of different types of tissue culture bioreactors aimed at providing conditions for enhanced structural and functional maturation of engineered striated muscles.
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21
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Duffy RM, Feinberg AW. Engineered skeletal muscle tissue for soft robotics: fabrication strategies, current applications, and future challenges. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2013; 6:178-95. [PMID: 24319010 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2013] [Revised: 10/23/2013] [Accepted: 10/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is a scalable actuator system used throughout nature from the millimeter to meter length scales and over a wide range of frequencies and force regimes. This adaptability has spurred interest in using engineered skeletal muscle to power soft robotics devices and in biotechnology and medical applications. However, the challenges to doing this are similar to those facing the tissue engineering and regenerative medicine fields; specifically, how do we translate our understanding of myogenesis in vivo to the engineering of muscle constructs in vitro to achieve functional integration with devices. To do this researchers are developing a number of ways to engineer the cellular microenvironment to guide skeletal muscle tissue formation. This includes understanding the role of substrate stiffness and the mechanical environment, engineering the spatial organization of biochemical and physical cues to guide muscle alignment, and developing bioreactors for mechanical and electrical conditioning. Examples of engineered skeletal muscle that can potentially be used in soft robotics include 2D cantilever-based skeletal muscle actuators and 3D skeletal muscle tissues engineered using scaffolds or directed self-organization. Integration into devices has led to basic muscle-powered devices such as grippers and pumps as well as more sophisticated muscle-powered soft robots that walk and swim. Looking forward, current, and future challenges include identifying the best source of muscle precursor cells to expand and differentiate into myotubes, replacing cardiomyocytes with skeletal muscle tissue as the bio-actuator of choice for soft robots, and vascularization and innervation to enable control and nourishment of larger muscle tissue constructs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca M Duffy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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22
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Udpa N, Iyer SR, Rajoria R, Breyer KE, Valentine H, Singh B, McDonough SP, Brown BN, Bonassar LJ, Gao Y. Effects of chitosan coatings on polypropylene mesh for implantation in a rat abdominal wall model. Tissue Eng Part A 2013; 19:2713-23. [PMID: 23859182 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2012.0739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Hernia repair and pelvic floor reconstruction are usually accompanied with the implantation of a surgical mesh, which frequently results in a foreign body response with associated complications. An ideal surgical mesh that allows force generation of muscle tissues without significant granulation tissue and/or fibrosis is of significant clinical interest. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the in vitro and in vivo responses of a chitosan coating on polypropylene mesh (Ch-PPM) in comparison with commercially available meshes. We found that application of a 0.5% (w/v) Ch-PPM elicited preferential attachment of myoblasts over fibroblast attachment in vitro. Therefore, we test the hypothesis that 0.5% Ch-PPM will encourage skeletal muscle tissue ingrowth and decrease fibrosis formation in vivo. We implanted 0.5% Ch-PPM, collagen-coated polypropylene mesh (Pelvitex™; C.R. Bard), and polypropylene (Avaulta Solo(®); C.R. Bard) alone using a rat abdominal defect model. Force generation capacity and inflammatory response of each mesh were evaluated 2, 4, and 12 weeks postimplantation. We found that chitosan coating is associated with the restoration of functional skeletal muscle with histomorphologic characteristics that resemble native muscle and an early macrophage phenotypic response that has previously been shown to lead to more functional outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha Udpa
- 1 Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University , Ithaca, New York
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23
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Shah R, Knowles JC, Hunt NP, Lewis MP. Development of a novel smart scaffold for human skeletal muscle regeneration. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2013; 10:162-71. [DOI: 10.1002/term.1780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2012] [Revised: 04/03/2013] [Accepted: 04/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rishma Shah
- Orthodontic Unit and Division of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering; UCL Eastman Dental Institute; London UK
| | - Jonathan C. Knowles
- Division of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, London, UK and WCU Research Centre of Nanobiomedical Science; Dankook University; Chungnam South Korea
| | - Nigel P. Hunt
- Orthodontic Unit; UCL Eastman Dental Institute; London UK
| | - Mark P. Lewis
- Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Musculoskeletal Biology Research Group, School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences; Loughborough University, Loughborough and Division of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, UCL Eastman Dental Institute; London UK
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24
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Kabumoto KI, Hoshino T, Akiyama Y, Morishima K. Voluntary movement controlled by the surface EMG signal for tissue-engineered skeletal muscle on a gripping tool. Tissue Eng Part A 2013; 19:1695-703. [PMID: 23444880 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2012.0421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We have developed a living prosthesis consisting of a living muscle-powered device, which is controlled by neuronal signals to recover some of the functions of a lost extremity. A tissue-engineered skeletal muscle was fabricated with two anchorage points from a primary rat myoblast cultured in a collagen Matrigel mixed gel. Differentiation to the skeletal muscle was confirmed in the tissue-engineered skeletal muscle, and the contraction force increased with increasing frequency of electric stimulation. Then, the tissue-engineered skeletal muscle was assembled into a gripper-type microhand. The tissue-engineered skeletal muscle of the microhand was stimulated electrically, which was then followed by the voluntary movement of the subject's hand. The signal of the surface electromyogram from a subject was processed to mimic the firing spikes of a neuromuscular junction to control the contraction of the tissue-engineered skeletal muscle. The tele-operation of the microhand was demonstrated by optical microscope observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken-ichiro Kabumoto
- Department of Bio-Application and Systems Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
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25
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Oh SH, Lee JH. Hydrophilization of synthetic biodegradable polymer scaffolds for improved cell/tissue compatibility. Biomed Mater 2013; 8:014101. [DOI: 10.1088/1748-6041/8/1/014101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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26
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Quigley AF, Wagner K, Kita M, Gilmore KJ, Higgins MJ, Breukers RD, Moulton SE, Clark GM, Penington AJ, Wallace GG, Officer DL, Kapsa RMI. In vitro growth and differentiation of primary myoblasts on thiophene based conducting polymers. Biomater Sci 2013; 1:983-995. [DOI: 10.1039/c3bm60059a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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27
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Shah R, Ready D, Knowles JC, Hunt NP, Lewis MP. Sequential identification of a degradable phosphate glass scaffold for skeletal muscle regeneration. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2012; 8:801-10. [PMID: 23086759 DOI: 10.1002/term.1581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2012] [Revised: 05/28/2012] [Accepted: 06/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Tissue engineering has the potential to overcome limitations associated with current management of skeletal muscle defects. This study aimed to sequentially identify a degradable phosphate glass scaffold for the restoration of muscle defects. A series of glass compositions were investigated for the potential to promote bacterial growth. Thereafter, the response of human craniofacial muscle-derived cells was determined. Glass compositions containing Fe4- and 5 mol% did not promote greater Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis growth compared to the control (p > 0.05). Following confirmation of myogenicity, further studies assessed the biocompatibility of glasses containing Fe5 mol%. Cells seeded on collagen-coated disks demonstrated comparable cellular metabolic activity to control. Upregulation of genes encoding for myogenic regulatory factors (MRFs) confirmed myofibre formation and there was expression of developmental MYH genes. The use of 3-D aligned fibre scaffolds supported unidirectional cell alignment and upregulation of MRF and developmental MYH genes. Compared to the 2-D disks, there was also expression of MYH2 and MYH7 genes, indicating further myofibre maturation on the 3-D scaffolds and confirming the importance of key biophysical cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishma Shah
- Orthodontic Unit, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, UK; Division of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, UK
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28
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Monge C, Ren K, Berton K, Guillot R, Peyrade D, Picart C. Engineering muscle tissues on microstructured polyelectrolyte multilayer films. Tissue Eng Part A 2012; 18:1664-76. [PMID: 22607460 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2012.0079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of surface coating on biomaterials can render the original substratum with new functionalities that can improve the chemical, physical, and mechanical properties as well as enhance cellular cues such as attachment, proliferation, and differentiation. In this work, we combined biocompatible polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) with a biomimetic polyelectrolyte multilayer (PEM) film made of poly(L-lysine) and hyaluronic acid (PLL/HA) for skeletal muscle tissue engineering. By microstructuring PDMS in grooves of a different width (5, 10, 30, and 100 μm) and by modulating the stiffness of the (PLL/HA) films, we guided skeletal muscle cell differentiation into myotubes. We found optimal conditions for both the formation of parallel-oriented myotubes and their maturation. Significantly, the myoblasts were collectively prealigned to the grooves before their differentiation. Before fusion, the highest aspect ratio and orientation of nuclei were observed for the 5 and 10 μm wide micropatterns. The formation of myotubes was observed regardless of the size of the micropatterns, and we found that their typical width was 10-12 μm. Their maturation was characterized by the immunolabeling of type II isomyosin. The amount of myosin striation was not affected by the topography, except for the 5 μm wide micropatterns. We highlighted the spatial constraints that led to an important nuclei deformation and further impairment of maturation within the 5 μm grooves. Altogether, our results show that the PEM film combined with PDMS is a powerful tool that is used for skeletal muscle engineering. This work opens perspectives for the development of skeletal muscle tissue in contact with films containing bioactive peptides or growth factors as well as for the study of pathogenic myotubes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Monge
- LMGP, CNRS UMR 5628 (LMGP), Grenoble Institute of Technology and CNRS, Grenoble Cedex, France
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29
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Ricotti L, Polini A, Genchi GG, Ciofani G, Iandolo D, Vazão H, Mattoli V, Ferreira L, Menciassi A, Pisignano D. Proliferation and skeletal myotube formation capability of C2C12 and H9c2 cells on isotropic and anisotropic electrospun nanofibrous PHB scaffolds. Biomed Mater 2012; 7:035010. [DOI: 10.1088/1748-6041/7/3/035010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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30
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Ballester-Beltrán J, Cantini M, Lebourg M, Rico P, Moratal D, García AJ, Salmerón-Sánchez M. Effect of topological cues on material-driven fibronectin fibrillogenesis and cell differentiation. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2012; 23:195-204. [PMID: 22201030 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-011-4532-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2011] [Accepted: 12/10/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Fibronectin (FN) assembles into fibrillar networks by cells through an integrin-dependent mechanism. We have recently shown that simple FN adsorption onto poly(ethyl acrylate) surfaces (PEA), but not control polymer (poly(methyl acrylate), PMA), also triggered FN organization into a physiological fibrillar network. FN fibrils exhibited enhanced biological activities in terms of myogenic differentiation compared to individual FN molecules. In the present study, we investigate the influence of topological cues on the material-driven FN assembly and the myogenic differentiation process. Aligned and random electrospun fibers were prepared. While FN fibrils assembled on the PEA fibers as they do on the smooth surface, the characteristic distribution of globular FN molecules observed on flat PMA transformed into non-connected FN fibrils on electrospun PMA, which significantly enhanced cell differentiation. The direct relationship between the fibrillar organization of FN at the material interface and the myogenic process was further assessed by preparing FN gradients on smooth PEA and PMA films. Isolated FN molecules observed at one edge of the substrate gradually interconnected with each other, eventually forming a fully developed network of FN fibrils on PEA. In contrast, FN adopted a globular-like conformation along the entire length of the PMA surface, and the FN gradient consisted only of increased density of adsorbed FN. Correspondingly, the percentage of differentiated cells increased monotonically along the FN gradient on PEA but not on PMA. This work demonstrates an interplay between material chemistry and topology in modulating material-driven FN fibrillogenesis and cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Ballester-Beltrán
- Center for Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
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31
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Sirivisoot S, Harrison BS. Skeletal myotube formation enhanced by electrospun polyurethane carbon nanotube scaffolds. Int J Nanomedicine 2011; 6:2483-97. [PMID: 22072883 PMCID: PMC3205142 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s24073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study examined the effects of electrically conductive materials made from electrospun single- or multiwalled carbon nanotubes with polyurethane to promote myoblast differentiation into myotubes in the presence and absence of electrical stimulation. METHODS AND RESULTS After electrical stimulation, the number of multinucleated myotubes on the electrospun polyurethane carbon nanotube scaffolds was significantly larger than that on nonconductive electrospun polyurethane scaffolds (5% and 10% w/v polyurethane). In the absence of electrical stimulation, myoblasts also differentiated on the electrospun polyurethane carbon nanotube scaffolds, as evidenced by expression of Myf-5 and myosin heavy chains. The myotube number and length were significantly greater on the electrospun carbon nanotubes with 10% w/v polyurethane than on those with 5% w/v polyurethane. The results suggest that, in the absence of electrical stimulation, skeletal myotube formation is dependent on the morphology of the electrospun scaffolds, while with electrical stimulation it is dependent on the electrical conductivity of the scaffolds. CONCLUSION This study indicates that electrospun polyurethane carbon nanotubes can be used to modulate skeletal myotube formation with or without application of electrical stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirinrath Sirivisoot
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Benjamin S Harrison
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
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32
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Pennisi CP, Olesen CG, de Zee M, Rasmussen J, Zachar V. Uniaxial Cyclic Strain Drives Assembly and Differentiation of Skeletal Myocytes. Tissue Eng Part A 2011; 17:2543-50. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2011.0089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Pablo Pennisi
- Laboratory for Stem Cell Research, Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Christian Gammelgaard Olesen
- The AnyBody Research Group, Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Mark de Zee
- Laboratory for Musculoskeletal Modeling, Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - John Rasmussen
- The AnyBody Research Group, Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Vladimir Zachar
- Laboratory for Stem Cell Research, Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
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33
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Karchin A, Simonovsky FI, Ratner BD, Sanders JE. Melt electrospinning of biodegradable polyurethane scaffolds. Acta Biomater 2011; 7:3277-84. [PMID: 21640853 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2011.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2011] [Revised: 04/26/2011] [Accepted: 05/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Electrospinning from a melt, in contrast to from a solution, is an attractive tissue engineering scaffold manufacturing process as it allows for the formation of small diameter fibers while eliminating potentially cytotoxic solvents. Despite this, there is a dearth of literature on scaffold formation via melt electrospinning. This is likely due to the technical challenges related to the need for a well-controlled high-temperature setup and the difficulty in developing an appropriate polymer. In this paper, a biodegradable and thermally stable polyurethane (PU) is described specifically for use in melt electrospinning. Polymer formulations of aliphatic PUs based on (CH(2))(4)-content diisocyanates, polycaprolactone (PCL), 1,4-butanediamine and 1,4-butanediol (BD) were evaluated for utility in the melt electrospinning process. The final polymer formulation, a catalyst-purified PU based on 1,4-butane diisocyanate, PCL and BD in a 4/1/3M ratio with a weight-average molecular weight of about 40kDa, yielded a nontoxic polymer that could be readily electrospun from the melt. Scaffolds electrospun from this polymer contained point bonds between fibers and mechanical properties analogous to many in vivo soft tissues.
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Breukers RD, Gilmore KJ, Kita M, Wagner KK, Higgins MJ, Moulton SE, Clark GM, Officer DL, Kapsa RMI, Wallace GG. Creating conductive structures for cell growth: Growth and alignment of myogenic cell types on polythiophenes. J Biomed Mater Res A 2010; 95:256-68. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.32822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Dugan JM, Gough JE, Eichhorn SJ. Directing the Morphology and Differentiation of Skeletal Muscle Cells Using Oriented Cellulose Nanowhiskers. Biomacromolecules 2010; 11:2498-504. [DOI: 10.1021/bm100684k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- James M. Dugan
- Materials Science Centre and Northwest Composites Centre, School of Materials, The University of Manchester, Grosvenor Street, Manchester M14 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Julie E. Gough
- Materials Science Centre and Northwest Composites Centre, School of Materials, The University of Manchester, Grosvenor Street, Manchester M14 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen J. Eichhorn
- Materials Science Centre and Northwest Composites Centre, School of Materials, The University of Manchester, Grosvenor Street, Manchester M14 9PL, United Kingdom
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Altomare L, Gadegaard N, Visai L, Tanzi MC, Farè S. Biodegradable microgrooved polymeric surfaces obtained by photolithography for skeletal muscle cell orientation and myotube development. Acta Biomater 2010; 6:1948-57. [PMID: 20040385 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2009.12.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2009] [Revised: 12/15/2009] [Accepted: 12/21/2009] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
During tissue formation, skeletal muscle precursor cells fuse together to form multinucleated myotubes. To understand this mechanism, in vitro systems promoting cell alignment need to be developed; for this purpose, micrometer-scale features obtained on substrate surfaces by photolithography can be used to control and affect cell behaviour. This work was aimed at investigating how differently microgrooved polymeric surfaces can affect myoblast alignment, fusion and myotube formation in vitro. Microgrooved polymeric films were obtained by solvent casting of a biodegradable poly-l-lactide/trimethylene carbonate copolymer (PLLA-TMC) onto microgrooved silicon wafers with different groove widths (5, 10, 25, 50, 100microm) and depths (0.5, 1, 2.5, 5microm), obtained by a standard photolithographic technique. The surface topography of wafers and films was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy. Cell assays were performed using C2C12 cells and myotube formation was analysed by immunofluorescence assays. Cell alignment and circularity were also evaluated using ImageJ software. The obtained results confirm the ability of microgrooved surfaces to influence myotube formation and alignment; in addition, they represent a novel further improvement to the comprehension of best features to be used. The most encouraging results were observed in the case of microstructured PLLA-TMC films with grooves of 2.5 and 1microm depth, presenting, in particular, a groove width of 50 and 25microm.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Altomare
- BioMatLab, Bioengineering Department, Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy.
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Shah R, Lewis MP. The Future? Craniofacial Skeletal Muscle Engineering as an Aid for the Management of Craniofacial Deformities. Semin Orthod 2010. [DOI: 10.1053/j.sodo.2010.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Sukmana I, Vermette P. Polymer fibers as contact guidance to orient microvascularization in a 3D environment. J Biomed Mater Res A 2010; 92:1587-97. [PMID: 19437435 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.32479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
We describe an in vitro culture process that uses 100-microm diameter poly(ethylene terephthalate) monofilaments as contact guidance of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) to orient the development of microvessels in a 3D environment. Untreated fibers, distanced either by 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, or 0.2 mm were first covered with HUVECs and then sandwiched between two layers of fibrin gel containing HUVECs. After 2 and 4 days of culture, cell connections and microvessels were evaluated. Cell connections formed massively along and in between adjacent fibers that were distanced by 0.05 and 0.1 mm, whereas with fibers separated by larger distances, connections were rare. After 4 days of culture, the optimum fiber-to-fiber distance to form microvessels was 0.1 mm. This study reveals that polymer fibers embedded in gel can be used as guides to direct the microvascularization process, with potential applications in cancer and cardiovascular research and tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irza Sukmana
- Department of Chemical and Biotechnological Engineering, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
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39
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Skeletal muscle cell proliferation and differentiation on polypyrrole substrates doped with extracellular matrix components. Biomaterials 2009; 30:5292-304. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2009.06.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2009] [Accepted: 06/29/2009] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Flaibani M, Boldrin L, Cimetta E, Piccoli M, Coppi PD, Elvassore N. Muscle Differentiation and Myotubes Alignment Is Influenced by Micropatterned Surfaces and Exogenous Electrical Stimulation. Tissue Eng Part A 2009; 15:2447-57. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2008.0301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Marina Flaibani
- Department of Chemical Engineering Principles and Practice, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Luisa Boldrin
- Stem Cell Processing Laboratory and Division of Paediatric Surgery, Department of Paediatrics, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Elisa Cimetta
- Department of Chemical Engineering Principles and Practice, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Martina Piccoli
- Stem Cell Processing Laboratory and Division of Paediatric Surgery, Department of Paediatrics, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Paolo De Coppi
- Stem Cell Processing Laboratory and Division of Paediatric Surgery, Department of Paediatrics, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Surgery Unit, UCL Institute of Child Health and Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola Elvassore
- Department of Chemical Engineering Principles and Practice, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy
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Propst JT, Fann SA, Franchini JL, Lessner SM, Rose JR, Hansen KJ, Terracio L, Yost MJ. Focused in vivo genetic analysis of implanted engineered myofascial constructs. J INVEST SURG 2009; 22:35-45. [PMID: 19191156 DOI: 10.1080/08941930802566748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Successfully engineering functional muscle tissue either in vitro or in vivo to treat muscle defects rather than using the host muscle transfer would be revolutionary. Tissue engineering is on the cutting edge of biomedical research, bridging a gap between the clinic and the bench top. A new focus on skeletal muscle tissue engineering has led investigators to explore the application of satellite cells (autologous muscle precursor cells) as a vehicle for engineering tissues either in vitro or in vivo. However, few skeletal muscle tissue-engineering studies have reported on successful generation of living tissue substitutes for functional skeletal muscle replacement. Our model system combines a novel aligned collagen tube and autologous skeletal muscle satellite cells to create an engineered tissue repair for a surgically created ventral hernia as previously reported [SA Fann, L Terracio, W Yan, et al., A model of tissue-engineered ventral hernia repair, J Invest Surg. 2006;19(3):193-205]. Several key features we specifically observe are the significant persistence of transplanted skeletal muscle cell mass within the engineered repair, the integration of new tissue with adjacent native muscle, and the presence of significant neovascularization. In this study, we report on our experience investigating the genetic signals important to the integration of neoskeletal muscle tissue. The knowledge gained from our model system applies to the repair of severely injured extremities, maxillofacial reconstructions, and restorative procedures following tumor excision in other areas of the body.
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Affiliation(s)
- John T Propst
- Department of Surgery, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29209, USA.
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42
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Controlled cellular orientation on PLGA microfibers with defined diameters. Biomed Microdevices 2009; 11:739-46. [DOI: 10.1007/s10544-009-9287-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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43
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Zhao Y, Zeng H, Nam J, Agarwal S. Fabrication of skeletal muscle constructs by topographic activation of cell alignment. Biotechnol Bioeng 2009; 102:624-31. [PMID: 18958861 DOI: 10.1002/bit.22080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle fiber construction for tissue-engineered grafts requires assembly of unidirectionally aligned juxtaposed myotubes. To construct such a tissue, a polymer microchip with linearly aligned microgrooves was fabricated that could direct myoblast adaptation under stringent conditions. The closely spaced microgrooves fabricated by a modified replica molding process guided linear cellular alignment. Examination of the myoblasts by immunofluorescence microscopy demonstrated that the microgrooves with subcellular widths and appropriate height-to-width ratios were required for practically complete linear alignment of myoblasts. The topology-dependent cell alignment encouraged differentiation of myoblasts into multinucleate, myosin heavy chain positive myotubes. The monolayer of myotubes formed on the microstructured chips allowed attachment, growth and differentiation of subsequent layers of linearly arranged myoblasts, parallel to the primary monolayer of myotubes. The consequent deposition of additional myoblasts on the previous layer of myotubes resulted in three-dimensional multi-layered structures of myotubes, typical of differentiated skeletal muscle tissue. The findings demonstrate that the on-chip device holds promise for providing an efficient means for guided muscle tissue construction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhao
- Laboratory for Biomedical Microsystems, Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.
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Liao IC, Liu JB, Bursac N, Leong KW. Effect of Electromechanical Stimulation on the Maturation of Myotubes on Aligned Electrospun Fibers. Cell Mol Bioeng 2008; 1:133-145. [PMID: 19774099 DOI: 10.1007/s12195-008-0021-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue engineering may provide an alternative to cell injection as a therapeutic solution for myocardial infarction. A tissue-engineered muscle patch may offer better host integration and higher functional performance. This study examined the differentiation of skeletal myoblasts on aligned electrospun polyurethane (PU) fibers and in the presence of electromechanical stimulation. Skeletal myoblasts cultured on aligned PU fibers showed more pronounced elongation, better alignment, higher level of transient receptor potential cation channel-1 (TRPC-1) expression, upregulation of contractile proteins and higher percentage of striated myotubes compared to those cultured on random PU fibers and film. The resulting tissue constructs generated tetanus forces of 1.1 mN with a 10-ms time to tetanus. Additional mechanical, electrical, or synchronized electromechanical stimuli applied to myoblasts cultured on PU fibers increased the percentage of striated myotubes from 70 to 85% under optimal stimulation conditions, which was accompanied by an upregulation of contractile proteins such as α-actinin and myosin heavy chain. In describing how electromechanical cues can be combined with topographical cue, this study helped move towards the goal of generating a biomimetic microenvironment for engineering of functional skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Chien Liao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, 136 Hudson Hall, Box 90281, Durham, NC 27708, USA
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Riboldi SA, Sadr N, Pigini L, Neuenschwander P, Simonet M, Mognol P, Sampaolesi M, Cossu G, Mantero S. Skeletal myogenesis on highly orientated microfibrous polyesterurethane scaffolds. J Biomed Mater Res A 2008; 84:1094-101. [PMID: 17685407 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.31534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal myogenesis is a complex process, which is known to be intimately depending on an optimal outside-in substrate-cell signaling. Current attempts to reproduce skeletal muscle tissue in vitro using traditional scaffolds mainly suffer from poor directionality of the myofibers, resulting in an ineffective vectorial power generation. In this study, we aimed at investigating skeletal myogenesis on novel biodegradable microfibrous scaffolds made of DegraPol, a block polyesterurethane previously demonstrated to be suitable for this application. DegraPol was processed by electrospinning in the form of highly orientated ("O") and nonorientated ("N/O") microfibrous meshes and by solvent-casting in the form of nonporous films ("F"). The effect of the fiber orientation at the scaffold surface was evaluated by investigating C2C12 and L6 proliferation (via SEM analysis and alamarBlue test) and differentiation (via RT-PCR analysis and MHC immunostaining). We demonstrated that highly orientated elastomeric microfibrous DegraPol scaffolds enable skeletal myogenesis in vitro by aiding in (a) myoblast adhesion, (b) myotube alignment, and (c) noncoplanar arrangement of cells, by providing the necessary directional cues along with architectural and mechanical support.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Riboldi
- Department of Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy.
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46
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Dhawan V, Lytle IF, Dow DE, Huang YC, Brown DL. Neurotization improves contractile forces of tissue-engineered skeletal muscle. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 13:2813-21. [PMID: 17822360 DOI: 10.1089/ten.2007.0003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Engineered functional skeletal muscle would be beneficial in reconstructive surgery. Our previous work successfully generated 3-dimensional vascularized skeletal muscle in vivo. Because neural signals direct muscle maturation, we hypothesized that neurotization of these constructs would increase their contractile force. Additionally, should neuromuscular junctions (NMJs) develop, indirect stimulation (via the nerve) would be possible, allowing for directed control. Rat myoblasts were cultured, suspended in fibrin gel, and implanted within silicone chambers around the femoral vessels and transected femoral nerve of syngeneic rats for 4 weeks. Neurotized constructs generated contractile forces 5 times as high as the non-neurotized controls. Indirect stimulation via the nerve elicited contractions of neurotized constructs. Curare administration ceased contraction in these constructs, providing physiologic evidence of NMJ formation. Histology demonstrated intact muscle fibers, and immunostaining positively identified NMJs. These results indicate that neurotization of engineered skeletal muscle significantly increases force generation and causes NMJs to develop, allowing indirect muscle stimulation.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Bungarotoxins/metabolism
- Cell Separation
- Cells, Cultured
- Centrifugation
- Collagenases/pharmacology
- Culture Media, Serum-Free
- Curare/pharmacology
- Femoral Artery/surgery
- Femoral Nerve/surgery
- Femoral Vein/surgery
- Fibrin/chemistry
- Filtration
- Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate/metabolism
- Fluorescent Dyes/metabolism
- Gels/chemistry
- Immunohistochemistry
- Models, Biological
- Muscle Contraction/drug effects
- Muscle, Skeletal/cytology
- Muscle, Skeletal/physiology
- Neuromuscular Junction/metabolism
- Rats
- Rats, Inbred F344
- Satellite Cells, Skeletal Muscle/cytology
- Satellite Cells, Skeletal Muscle/physiology
- Satellite Cells, Skeletal Muscle/transplantation
- Temperature
- Time Factors
- Tissue Culture Techniques
- Tissue Engineering/methods
- Transplantation, Isogeneic
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikas Dhawan
- Section of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
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47
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Kroehne V, Heschel I, Schügner F, Lasrich D, Bartsch JW, Jockusch H. Use of a novel collagen matrix with oriented pore structure for muscle cell differentiation in cell culture and in grafts. J Cell Mol Med 2008; 12:1640-8. [PMID: 18194451 PMCID: PMC2680279 DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2008.00238.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue engineering of skeletal muscle from cultured cells has been attempted using a variety of synthetic and natural macromolecular scaffolds. Our study describes the application of artificial scaffolds (collagen sponges, CS) consisting of collagen-I with parallel pores (width 20–50 μm) using the permanent myogenic cell line C2C12. CS were infiltrated with a high-density cell suspension, incubated in medium for proliferation of myoblasts prior to further culture in fusion medium to induce differentiation and formation of multinucleated myotubes. This resulted in a parallel arrangement of myotubes within the pore structures. CS with either proliferating cells or with myotubes were grafted into the beds of excised anterior tibial muscles of immunodeficient host mice. The recipient mice were transgenic for enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) to determine a host contribution to the regenerated muscle tissue. Histological analysis 14–50 days after surgery showed that donor muscle fibres had formed in situ with host contributions in the outer portions of the regenerates. The function of the regenerates was assessed by direct electrical stimulation which resulted in the generation of mechanical force. Our study demonstrated that biodegradable CS with parallel pores support the formation of oriented muscle fibres and are compatible with force generation in regenerated muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Kroehne
- Developmental Biology & Molecular Pathology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany.
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48
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Ren K, Crouzier T, Roy C, Picart C. Polyelectrolyte multilayer films of controlled stiffness modulate myoblast cells differentiation. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2008; 18:1378-1389. [PMID: 18841249 PMCID: PMC2561337 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.200701297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Beside chemical properties and topographical features, mechanical properties of gels have been recently demonstrated to play an important role in various cellular processes, including cell attachment, proliferation, and differentiation. In this work, we used multilayer films made of poly(L-lysine)/Hyaluronan (PLL/HA) of controlled stiffness to investigate the effects of mechanical properties of thin films on skeletal muscle cells (C2C12 cells) differentiation. Prior to differentiation, cells need to adhere and proliferate in growth medium. Stiff films (E(0) > 320 kPa) promoted formation of focal adhesions and organization of the cytoskeleton as well as an enhanced proliferation, whereas soft films were not favorable for cell anchoring, spreading or proliferation. Then C2C12 cells were switched to a low serum containing medium to induce cell differentiation, which was also greatly dependent on film stiffness. Although myogenin and troponin T expressions were only moderately affected by film stiffness, the morphology of the myotubes exhibited striking stiffness-dependent differences. Soft films allowed differentiation only for few days and the myotubes were very short and thick. Cell clumping followed by aggregates detachment could be observed after ~2 to 4 days. On stiffer films, significantly more elongated and thinner myotubes were observed for up to ~ 2 weeks. Myotube striation was also observed but only for the stiffer films. These results demonstrate that film stiffness modulates deeply adhesion, proliferation and differentiation, each of these processes having its own stiffness requirement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kefeng Ren
- DIMNP, UMR 5235, Dynamique des Interactions Membranaires Normales et Pathologiques, CNRS, Université Montpellier II et I, cc 107, 34 095 Montpellier, France
| | - Thomas Crouzier
- DIMNP, UMR 5235, Dynamique des Interactions Membranaires Normales et Pathologiques, CNRS, Université Montpellier II et I, cc 107, 34 095 Montpellier, France
| | - Christian Roy
- DIMNP, UMR 5235, Dynamique des Interactions Membranaires Normales et Pathologiques, CNRS, Université Montpellier II et I, cc 107, 34 095 Montpellier, France
| | - Catherine Picart
- DIMNP, UMR 5235, Dynamique des Interactions Membranaires Normales et Pathologiques, CNRS, Université Montpellier II et I, cc 107, 34 095 Montpellier, France
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49
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Akiyama Y, Iwabuchi K, Furukawa Y, Morishima K. Culture of insect cells contracting spontaneously; research moving toward an environmentally robust hybrid robotic system. J Biotechnol 2008; 133:261-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2007.08.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2007] [Revised: 08/21/2007] [Accepted: 08/24/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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50
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Rowlands AS, Hudson JE, Cooper-White JJ. From scrawny to brawny: the quest for neomusculogenesis; smart surfaces and scaffolds for muscle tissue engineering. Expert Rev Med Devices 2007; 4:709-28. [PMID: 17850206 DOI: 10.1586/17434440.4.5.709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The successful generation of functional muscle tissues requires both an in-depth knowledge of muscle tissue physiology and advanced engineering practices. The inherent contractile functionality of muscle is a result of its high-level cellular and matrix organization over a multitude of length scales. While there have been many attempts to produce artificial muscle, a method to fabricate a highly organized construct, comprised of multiple cell types and capable of delivering contractile strengths similar to that of native smooth, skeletal or cardiac muscle has remained elusive. This is largely due to a lack of control over phenotype and spatial organization of cells. This paper covers state-of-the-art approaches to generating both 2D and 3D substrates that provide some form of higher level organization or multiple biochemical, mechanical or electrical cues to cells in order to successfully manipulate their behavior, in a manner that is conducive to the production of contractile muscle tissue. These so-called 'smart surfaces' and 'smart scaffolds' represent vital steps towards surface-engineered substrates for the engineering of muscle tissues, showing confidently that cellular behavior can be effectively and reproducibly manipulated through the design of the physical, chemical and electrical properties of the substrates on which cells are grown. However, many challenges remain to be overcome prior to reaching the ultimate goal of fully functional 3D vascularized engineered muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew S Rowlands
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering & Nanotechnology, Tissue Engineering and Microfluidics Laboratory, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
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