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El-Husseiny HM, Mady EA, El-Dakroury WA, Doghish AS, Tanaka R. Stimuli-responsive hydrogels: smart state of-the-art platforms for cardiac tissue engineering. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1174075. [PMID: 37449088 PMCID: PMC10337592 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1174075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Biomedicine and tissue regeneration have made significant advancements recently, positively affecting the whole healthcare spectrum. This opened the way for them to develop their applications for revitalizing damaged tissues. Thus, their functionality will be restored. Cardiac tissue engineering (CTE) using curative procedures that combine biomolecules, biomimetic scaffolds, and cells plays a critical part in this path. Stimuli-responsive hydrogels (SRHs) are excellent three-dimensional (3D) biomaterials for tissue engineering (TE) and various biomedical applications. They can mimic the intrinsic tissues' physicochemical, mechanical, and biological characteristics in a variety of ways. They also provide for 3D setup, adequate aqueous conditions, and the mechanical consistency required for cell development. Furthermore, they function as competent delivery platforms for various biomolecules. Many natural and synthetic polymers were used to fabricate these intelligent platforms with innovative enhanced features and specialized capabilities that are appropriate for CTE applications. In the present review, different strategies employed for CTE were outlined. The light was shed on the limitations of the use of conventional hydrogels in CTE. Moreover, diverse types of SRHs, their characteristics, assembly and exploitation for CTE were discussed. To summarize, recent development in the construction of SRHs increases their potential to operate as intelligent, sophisticated systems in the reconstruction of degenerated cardiac tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussein M. El-Husseiny
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Japan
- Department of Surgery, Anesthesiology, and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
| | - Eman A. Mady
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Japan
- Department of Animal Hygiene, Behavior and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
| | - Walaa A. El-Dakroury
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr, Egypt
| | - Ahmed S. Doghish
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr, Egypt
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ryou Tanaka
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Japan
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Wang Y, Liu M, Zhang Y, Liu H, Han L. Recent methods of droplet microfluidics and their applications in spheroids and organoids. LAB ON A CHIP 2023; 23:1080-1096. [PMID: 36628972 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc00493c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Droplet microfluidic techniques have long been known as a high-throughput approach for cell manipulation. The capacity to compartmentalize cells into picolitre droplets in microfluidic devices has opened up a range of new ways to extract information from cells. Spheroids and organoids are crucial in vitro three-dimensional cell culture models that physiologically mimic natural tissues and organs. With the aid of developments in cell biology and materials science, droplet microfluidics has been applied to construct spheroids and organoids in numerous formats. In this article, we divide droplet microfluidic approaches for managing spheroids and organoids into three categories based on the droplet module format: liquid droplet, microparticle, and microcapsule. We discuss current advances in the use of droplet microfluidics for the generation of tumour spheroids, stem cell spheroids, and organoids, as well as the downstream applications of these methods in high-throughput screening and tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihe Wang
- Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237 P. R. China.
| | - Mengqi Liu
- Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237 P. R. China.
| | - Yu Zhang
- Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237 P. R. China.
| | - Hong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100 P. R. China.
| | - Lin Han
- Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237 P. R. China.
- Shandong Engineering Research Center of Biomarker and Artificial Intelligence Application, Jinan, 250100 P. R. China
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Paz-Artigas L, Montero-Calle P, Iglesias-García O, Mazo MM, Ochoa I, Ciriza J. Current approaches for the recreation of cardiac ischaemic environment in vitro. Int J Pharm 2023; 632:122589. [PMID: 36623742 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.122589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Myocardial ischaemia is one of the leading dead causes worldwide. Although animal experiments have historically provided a wealth of information, animal models are time and money consuming, and they usually miss typical human patient's characteristics associated with ischemia prevalence, including aging and comorbidities. Generating reliable in vitro models that recapitulate the human cardiac microenvironment during an ischaemic event can boost the development of new drugs and therapeutic strategies, as well as our understanding of the underlying cellular and molecular events, helping the optimization of therapeutic approaches prior to animal and clinical testing. Although several culture systems have emerged for the recreation of cardiac physiology, mimicking the features of an ischaemic heart tissue in vitro is challenging and certain aspects of the disease process remain poorly addressed. Here, current in vitro cardiac culture systems used for modelling cardiac ischaemia, from self-aggregated organoids to scaffold-based constructs and heart-on-chip platforms are described. The advantages of these models to recreate ischaemic hallmarks such as oxygen gradients, pathological alterations of mechanical strength or fibrotic responses are highlighted. The new models represent a step forward to be considered, but unfortunately, we are far away from recapitulating all complexity of the clinical situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Paz-Artigas
- Tissue Microenvironment (TME) Lab, Aragón Institute of Engineering Research (I3A), University of Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain; Institute for Health Research Aragón (IIS Aragón), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Pilar Montero-Calle
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Cima Universidad de Navarra, and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Olalla Iglesias-García
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Cima Universidad de Navarra, and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Manuel M Mazo
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Cima Universidad de Navarra, and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain; Hematology and Cell Therapy, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ignacio Ochoa
- Tissue Microenvironment (TME) Lab, Aragón Institute of Engineering Research (I3A), University of Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain; Institute for Health Research Aragón (IIS Aragón), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; CIBER-BBN, ISCIII, Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Jesús Ciriza
- Tissue Microenvironment (TME) Lab, Aragón Institute of Engineering Research (I3A), University of Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain; Institute for Health Research Aragón (IIS Aragón), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; CIBER-BBN, ISCIII, Zaragoza, Spain.
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4
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Fernandes S, Vyas C, Lim P, Pereira RF, Virós A, Bártolo P. 3D Bioprinting: An Enabling Technology to Understand Melanoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14143535. [PMID: 35884596 PMCID: PMC9318274 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14143535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is a potentially fatal cancer with rising incidence over the last 50 years, associated with enhanced sun exposure and ultraviolet radiation. Its incidence is highest in people of European descent and the ageing population. There are multiple clinical and epidemiological variables affecting melanoma incidence and mortality, such as sex, ethnicity, UV exposure, anatomic site, and age. Although survival has improved in recent years due to advances in targeted and immunotherapies, new understanding of melanoma biology and disease progression is vital to improving clinical outcomes. Efforts to develop three-dimensional human skin equivalent models using biofabrication techniques, such as bioprinting, promise to deliver a better understanding of the complexity of melanoma and associated risk factors. These 3D skin models can be used as a platform for patient specific models and testing therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Fernandes
- Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK; (S.F.); (C.V.); (P.L.)
| | - Cian Vyas
- Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK; (S.F.); (C.V.); (P.L.)
- Singapore Centre for 3D Printing, School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Peggy Lim
- Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK; (S.F.); (C.V.); (P.L.)
| | - Rúben F. Pereira
- ICBAS—Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal;
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- INEB—Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Amaya Virós
- Skin Cancer and Ageing Laboratory, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK;
| | - Paulo Bártolo
- Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK; (S.F.); (C.V.); (P.L.)
- Singapore Centre for 3D Printing, School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
- Correspondence: or
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Kim DE, Lee YB, Shim HE, Song JJ, Han JS, Moon KS, Huh KM, Kang SW. Application of Hexanoyl Glycol Chitosan as a Non-cell Adhesive Polymer in Three-Dimensional Cell Culture. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:18471-18480. [PMID: 35694497 PMCID: PMC9178711 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c00890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Cell culture technology has evolved into three-dimensional (3D) artificial tissue models for better reproduction of human native tissues. However, there are some unresolved limitations that arise due to the adhesive properties of cells. In this study, we developed a hexanoyl glycol chitosan (HGC) as a non-cell adhesive polymer for scaffold-based and -free 3D culture. The uniform cell distribution in a porous scaffold was well maintained during the long culutre period on the HGC-coated substrate by preventing ectopic adhesion and migration of cells on the substrate. In addition, when culturing many spheroids in one dish, supplementation of the culture medium with HGC prevented the aggregation of spheroids and maintained the shape and size of spheroids for a long culture duration. Collectively, the use of HGC in 3D culture systems is expected to contribute greatly to creating excellent regenerative therapeutics and screening models of bioproducts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Eun Kim
- Research
Group for Biomimetic Advanced Technology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
- Department
of Polymer Science and Engineering, Chungnam
National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Bin Lee
- Department
of Advanced Toxicology Research, Korea Institute
of Toxicology, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Eun Shim
- Research
Group for Biomimetic Advanced Technology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
- Department
of Polymer Science and Engineering, Chungnam
National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Jung Song
- Research
Group for Biomimetic Advanced Technology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
- Department
of Polymer Science and Engineering, Chungnam
National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Seok Han
- Department
of Toxicological Evaluation and Research, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung-Sik Moon
- Department
of Advanced Toxicology Research, Korea Institute
of Toxicology, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Kang Moo Huh
- Department
of Polymer Science and Engineering, Chungnam
National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Woong Kang
- Research
Group for Biomimetic Advanced Technology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
- Human
and Environmental Toxicology Program, University
of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
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Ayvaz I, Sunay D, Sariyar E, Erdal E, Karagonlar ZF. Three-Dimensional Cell Culture Models of Hepatocellular Carcinoma - a Review. J Gastrointest Cancer 2021; 52:1294-1308. [PMID: 34927218 DOI: 10.1007/s12029-021-00772-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Three-dimensional (3D) cell culture studies are becoming extremely common because of their capability to mimic tumor architecture, such as cell-cell and cell-ECM interactions, more efficiently than 2D monolayer systems. These interactions have important roles in defining the tumor cell behaviors, such as proliferation, differentiation, and most importantly, tumor drug response. OBJECTIVE This review aims to provide an overview of the methods for 3D tumor spheroid formation to model human tumors, specifically concentrated on studies using hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells. METHOD We obtained information from previously published articles. In this review, there is discussion of the scaffold and non-scaffold-based approaches, including hanging drop, bioreactors and 3D bioprinting. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION The mimicking of the tumor microenvironment (TME) as tumor spheroids could provide a valuable platform for studying tumor biology. Multicellular tumor spheroids are self-assembled cultures of mixed cells (tumor and stromal cells) organized in a 3D arrangement. These spheroids closely mimic the main features of human solid tumors, such as structural organization, central hypoxia, and overall oxygen and nutrient gradients. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common liver malignancy, and most difficult to overcome because of its drug resistance and tumor heterogeneity. In order to mimic this highly heterogeneous environment, 3D cell culture systems are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irmak Ayvaz
- Genetics and Bioengineering Department, Izmir University of Economics, Izmir, 35330, Turkey
| | - Dilara Sunay
- Genetics and Bioengineering Department, Izmir University of Economics, Izmir, 35330, Turkey
| | - Ece Sariyar
- Genetics and Bioengineering Department, Izmir University of Economics, Izmir, 35330, Turkey
| | - Esra Erdal
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, FacultyofMedicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, 35340, Turkey.,Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, Izmir, 35340, Turkey
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Sharma P, Wang X, Ming CLC, Vettori L, Figtree G, Boyle A, Gentile C. Considerations for the Bioengineering of Advanced Cardiac In Vitro Models of Myocardial Infarction. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2003765. [PMID: 33464713 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202003765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Despite the latest advances in cardiovascular biology and medicine, myocardial infarction (MI) remains one of the major causes of deaths worldwide. While reperfusion of the myocardium is critical to limit the ischemic damage typical of a MI event, it causes detrimental morphological and functional changes known as "reperfusion injury." This complex scenario is poorly represented in currently available models of ischemia/reperfusion injury, leading to a poor translation of findings from the bench to the bedside. However, more recent bioengineered in vitro models of the human heart represent more clinically relevant tools to prevent and treat MI in patients. These include 3D cultures of cardiac cells, the use of patient-derived stem cells, and 3D bioprinting technology. This review aims at highlighting the major features typical of a heart attack while comparing current in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo models. This information has the potential to further guide in developing novel advanced in vitro cardiac models of ischemia/reperfusion injury. It may pave the way for the generation of advanced pathophysiological cardiac models with the potential to develop personalized therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poonam Sharma
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, 2308, Australia
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2000, Australia
- Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, NSW, 2065, Australia
- School of Biomedical Engineering/FEIT, University of Technology Sydney, Building 11, Level 10, Room 115, 81 Broadway, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Xiaowei Wang
- Molecular Imaging and Theranostics Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Clara Liu Chung Ming
- School of Biomedical Engineering/FEIT, University of Technology Sydney, Building 11, Level 10, Room 115, 81 Broadway, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Laura Vettori
- School of Biomedical Engineering/FEIT, University of Technology Sydney, Building 11, Level 10, Room 115, 81 Broadway, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Gemma Figtree
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2000, Australia
- Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, NSW, 2065, Australia
| | - Andrew Boyle
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Carmine Gentile
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2000, Australia
- Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, NSW, 2065, Australia
- School of Biomedical Engineering/FEIT, University of Technology Sydney, Building 11, Level 10, Room 115, 81 Broadway, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
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Campostrini G, Windt LM, van Meer BJ, Bellin M, Mummery CL. Cardiac Tissues From Stem Cells: New Routes to Maturation and Cardiac Regeneration. Circ Res 2021; 128:775-801. [PMID: 33734815 PMCID: PMC8410091 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.121.318183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The ability of human pluripotent stem cells to form all cells of the body has provided many opportunities to study disease and produce cells that can be used for therapy in regenerative medicine. Even though beating cardiomyocytes were among the first cell types to be differentiated from human pluripotent stem cell, cardiac applications have advanced more slowly than those, for example, for the brain, eye, and pancreas. This is, in part, because simple 2-dimensional human pluripotent stem cell cardiomyocyte cultures appear to need crucial functional cues normally present in the 3-dimensional heart structure. Recent tissue engineering approaches combined with new insights into the dialogue between noncardiomyocytes and cardiomyocytes have addressed and provided solutions to issues such as cardiomyocyte immaturity and inability to recapitulate adult heart values for features like contraction force, electrophysiology, or metabolism. Three-dimensional bioengineered heart tissues are thus poised to contribute significantly to disease modeling, drug discovery, and safety pharmacology, as well as provide new modalities for heart repair. Here, we review the current status of 3-dimensional engineered heart tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Campostrini
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands (G.C., L.M.W., B.J.v.M., M.B., C.L.M.)
| | - Laura M. Windt
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands (G.C., L.M.W., B.J.v.M., M.B., C.L.M.)
| | - Berend J. van Meer
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands (G.C., L.M.W., B.J.v.M., M.B., C.L.M.)
- MESA+ Institute (B.J.v.M.), University of Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - Milena Bellin
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands (G.C., L.M.W., B.J.v.M., M.B., C.L.M.)
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Italy (M.B.)
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padua, Padua, Italy (M.B.)
| | - Christine L. Mummery
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands (G.C., L.M.W., B.J.v.M., M.B., C.L.M.)
- Department of Applied Stem Cell Technologies (C.L.M.), University of Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands
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Nisimura LM, Ferrão PM, Nogueira ADR, Waghabi MC, Meuser-Batista M, Moreira OC, Urbina JA, Garzoni LR. Effect of Posaconazole in an in vitro model of cardiac fibrosis induced by Trypanosoma cruzi. Mol Biochem Parasitol 2020; 238:111283. [PMID: 32564978 DOI: 10.1016/j.molbiopara.2020.111283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Posaconazole (POS) is an inhibitor of ergosterol biosynthesis in clinical use for treating invasive fungal infections. POS has potent and selective anti-Trypanosoma cruzi activity and has been evaluated as a possible treatment for Chagas disease. Microtissues are a 3D culture system that has been shown to reproduce better tissue architecture and functionality than cell cultures in monolayer (2D). It has been used to evaluate chemotropic response as in vitro disease models. We previously developed an in vitro model that reproduces aspects of cardiac fibrosis observed in Chagas cardiomyopathy, using microtissues formed by primary cardiac cells infected by the T. cruzi, here called T. cruzi fibrotic cardiac microtissue (TCFCM). We also showed that the treatment of TCFCM with a TGF-β pathway inhibitor reduces fibrosis. Here, we aimed to evaluate the effect of POS in TCFCM, observing parasite load and molecules involved in fibrosis. To choose the concentration of POS to be used in TCFCM we first performed experiments in a monolayer of primary cardiac cell cultures and, based on the results, TCFCM was treated with 5 nM of POS for 96 h, starting at 144 h post-infection. Our previous studies showed that at this time the TCFCM had established fibrosis, resulting from T. cruzi infection. Treatment with POS of TCFCM reduced 50 % of parasite load as observed by real-time PCR and reduced markedly the fibrosis as observed by western blot and immunofluorescence, associated with a strong reduction in the expression of fibronectin and laminin (45 % and 54 %, respectively). POS treatment also changed the expression of proteins involved in the regulation of extracellular matrix proteins (TGF-β and TIMP-4, increased by 50 % and decreased by 58 %, respectively) in TCFCM. In conclusion, POS presented a potent trypanocidal effect both in 2D and in TCFCM, and the reduction of the parasite load was associated with a reduction of fibrosis in the absence of external immunological effectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindice Mitie Nisimura
- Laboratório de Inovações em Terapias, Ensino e Bioprodutos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Mello Ferrão
- Laboratório de Inovações em Terapias, Ensino e Bioprodutos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Laboratório de Genômica Funcional e Bioinformática, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Alanderson da Rocha Nogueira
- Laboratório de Ultra-estrutura Celular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Mariana Caldas Waghabi
- Laboratório de Genômica Funcional e Bioinformática, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Meuser-Batista
- Laboratório de Inovações em Terapias, Ensino e Bioprodutos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Otacílio C Moreira
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Doenças Endêmicas, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Julio A Urbina
- Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Cientificas, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Luciana Ribeiro Garzoni
- Laboratório de Inovações em Terapias, Ensino e Bioprodutos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
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10
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Tissue engineered heart repair from preclinical models to first-in-patient studies. CURRENT OPINION IN PHYSIOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cophys.2020.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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11
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Enhanced Biocompatibility of Multi-Layered, 3D Bio-Printed Artificial Vessels Composed of Autologous Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12030538. [PMID: 32131428 PMCID: PMC7182803 DOI: 10.3390/polym12030538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Artificial vessels capable of long-term patency are essential clinical tools in vascular surgery that involves small vessels. On-going attempts to develop artificial vessels that complements restenosis have not been entirely successful. Here, we report on the fabrication of small-sized artificial vessels using a three-dimensional bio-printer. The fabrication employed biodegradable polycaprolactone and autologous MSCs harvested from the bone-marrow of canines. The MSCs were cultured and differentiated into endothelial-like cells. After confirming differentiation, artificial vessels comprising three-layers were constructed and implanted into the arteries of canines. The autologous MSCs printed on artificial vessels (cell-derived group) maintained a 64.3% patency (9 of 14 grafts) compared with artificial vessels without cells (control group, 54.5% patency (6 of 11 grafts)). The cell-derived vessels (61.9 cells/mm2 ± 14.3) had more endothelial cells on their inner surfaces than the control vessels (21 cells/mm2 ± 11.3). Moreover, the control vessels showed acute inflammation on the porous structures of the implanted artificial vessels, whereas the cell-derived vessels exhibited fibrinous clots with little to no inflammation. We concluded that the minimal rejection of these artificial vessels by the immune system was due to the use of autologous MSCs. We anticipate that this study will be of value in the field of tissue-engineering in clinical practice.
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12
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Salehi H, Razavi S, Esfandiari E, Kazemi M, Amini S, Amirpour N. Application of Hanging Drop Culture for Retinal Precursor-Like Cells Differentiation of Human Adipose-Derived Stem Cells Using Small Molecules. J Mol Neurosci 2019; 69:597-607. [PMID: 31363912 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-019-01388-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Retinal degenerative diseases lead to blindness due to poorly regenerative potential of the retina. Recently, cell therapy is more considered for degenerative diseases. Autologous mesenchymal stem cells derived from adipose tissue are a suitable source for this purpose. Therefore, we conducted a stepwise efficient method to differentiate human adipose-derived stem cells (hADSCs) into retinal precursor-like cells in vitro. We compared two differentiation protocols, monolayer and hanging drop cultures. Through the defined medium and 3D hanging drop culture method, we could achieve up to 75% retinal precursor gene expression profile (PAX6, RAX, CHX10, and CRX) from hADSCs. By imitation of in vivo development, for direct conversion of stem cells into retinal cells, the suppression of the BMP, Nodal, and Wnt signaling pathways was carried out by using three small molecules. The hADSCs were primarily differentiated into anterior neuroectodermal cells by expression of OTX2, SIX3, and Β-TUB III and then the differentiated cells were propelled into the retinal cells. According to our data from real-time PCR, RT-PCR, immunocytochemistry, and functional assay, it seems that the hanging drop method improved retinal precursor differentiation yield which these precursor-like cells respond to glutamate neurotransmitter. Regarding the easy accessibility and immunosuppressive properties of hADSCs and more efficient hanging drop method, this study may be useful for future autologous cell therapy of retinal degenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Salehi
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Shahnaz Razavi
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Esfandiari
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Kazemi
- Department of Genetic, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Shahram Amini
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Noushin Amirpour
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
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13
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Zuppinger C. 3D Cardiac Cell Culture: A Critical Review of Current Technologies and Applications. Front Cardiovasc Med 2019; 6:87. [PMID: 31294032 PMCID: PMC6606697 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2019.00087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) cell culture is often mentioned in the context of regenerative medicine, for example, for the replacement of ischemic myocardium with tissue-engineered muscle constructs. Additionally, 3D cell culture is used, although less commonly, in basic research, toxicology, and drug development. These applications have recently benefited from innovations in stem cell technologies allowing the mass-production of hiPSC-derived cardiomyocytes or other cardiovascular cells, and from new culturing methods including organ-on-chip and bioprinting technologies. On the analysis side, improved sensors, computer-assisted image analysis, and data collection techniques have lowered the bar for switching to 3D cell culture models. Nevertheless, 3D cell culture is not as widespread or standardized as traditional cell culture methods using monolayers of cells on flat surfaces. The many possibilities of 3D cell culture, but also its limitations, drawbacks and methodological pitfalls, are less well-known. This article reviews currently used cardiovascular 3D cell culture production methods and analysis techniques for the investigation of cardiotoxicity, in drug development and for disease modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Zuppinger
- Cardiology, Department of Biomedical Research, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
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14
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Cardiac macrotissues-on-a-plate models for phenotypic drug screens. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2019; 140:93-100. [PMID: 30902615 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2019.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Facilitated by the introduction of human induced pluripotent stem cells and protocols for their efficient directed differentiation at high quantity and quality, innovative human heart muscle models are being developed for applications in drug screens. Employed models range from the microscopic cardiomyocytes-on-a-chip scale to the cardiac macrotissues-on-a-plate scale. Whilst cardiomyocyte-on-a-chip models can be readily adapted to high-throughput primary screening, they are limited as to the deep phenotyping of contractility, and here in particular contractile force development. In lower throughput cardiac macrotissue-on-a-plate platforms, organotypic function, including anisotropic electrical spread of excitation and contractility, can be recapitulated at the macroscopic scale. This review serves as an overview of cardiac macrotissue-on-a-plate technologies with a focus on their application in the investigation of drug effects on heart muscle contractility and disease modeling.
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15
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Abstract
There is a need for organotypic in vitro models that resemble the native tissue in functionality and tissue architecture for disease models and drug development. To this end, many 3D culture formats have been developed over time. Among the most often used type is the scaffold-free multicellular aggregate, also called spheroid, that forms by self-assembly. However, working with 3D cultures can be challenging because single cells are not as accessible as in 2D cultures and standard lab procedures must be adapted or replaced altogether. This chapter describes methods to create cardiac spheroids consisting of human iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes and cardiac fibroblasts and how to measure contractility or calcium signals using quantitative video analysis and confocal microscopy. Emphasis is on the particular challenges that 3D cultures pose and on affordable methods that do not require specialized equipment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Zuppinger
- Cardiology Department, DBMR MEM C812, University Hospital Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
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16
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Ariyasinghe NR, Lyra-Leite DM, McCain ML. Engineering cardiac microphysiological systems to model pathological extracellular matrix remodeling. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2018; 315:H771-H789. [PMID: 29906229 PMCID: PMC6230901 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00110.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 05/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Many cardiovascular diseases are associated with pathological remodeling of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in the myocardium. ECM remodeling is a complex, multifactorial process that often contributes to declines in myocardial function and progression toward heart failure. However, the direct effects of the many forms of ECM remodeling on myocardial cell and tissue function remain elusive, in part because conventional model systems used to investigate these relationships lack robust experimental control over the ECM. To address these shortcomings, microphysiological systems are now being developed and implemented to establish direct relationships between distinct features in the ECM and myocardial function with unprecedented control and resolution in vitro. In this review, we will first highlight the most prominent characteristics of ECM remodeling in cardiovascular disease and describe how these features can be mimicked with synthetic and natural biomaterials that offer independent control over multiple ECM-related parameters, such as rigidity and composition. We will then detail innovative microfabrication techniques that enable precise regulation of cellular architecture in two and three dimensions. We will also describe new approaches for quantifying multiple aspects of myocardial function in vitro, such as contractility, action potential propagation, and metabolism. Together, these collective technologies implemented as cardiac microphysiological systems will continue to uncover important relationships between pathological ECM remodeling and myocardial cell and tissue function, leading to new fundamental insights into cardiovascular disease, improved human disease models, and novel therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nethika R Ariyasinghe
- Laboratory for Living Systems Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, USC Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, California
| | - Davi M Lyra-Leite
- Laboratory for Living Systems Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, USC Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, California
| | - Megan L McCain
- Laboratory for Living Systems Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, USC Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, California
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, California
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17
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Cellular self-assembly into 3D microtissues enhances the angiogenic activity and functional neovascularization capacity of human cardiopoietic stem cells. Angiogenesis 2018; 22:37-52. [PMID: 30014173 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-018-9635-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
While cell therapy has been proposed as next-generation therapy to treat the diseased heart, current strategies display only limited clinical efficacy. Besides the ongoing quest for the ideal cell type, in particular the very low retention rate of single-cell (SC) suspensions after delivery remains a major problem. To improve cellular retention, cellular self-assembly into 3D microtissues (MTs) prior to transplantation has emerged as an encouraging alternative. Importantly, 3D-MTs have also been reported to enhance the angiogenic activity and neovascularization potential of stem cells. Therefore, here using the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay we comprehensively evaluate the impact of cell format (SCs versus 3D-MTs) on the angiogenic potential of human cardiopoietic stem cells, a promising second-generation cell type for cardiac repair. Biodegradable collagen scaffolds were seeded with human cardiopoietic stem cells, either as SCs or as 3D-MTs generated by using a modified hanging drop method. Thereafter, seeded scaffolds were placed on the CAM of living chicken embryos and analyzed for their perfusion capacity in vivo using magnetic resonance imaging assessment which was then linked to a longitudinal histomorphometric ex vivo analysis comprising blood vessel density and characteristics such as shape and size. Cellular self-assembly into 3D-MTs led to a significant increase of vessel density mainly driven by a higher number of neo-capillary formation. In contrast, SC-seeded scaffolds displayed a higher frequency of larger neo-vessels resulting in an overall 1.76-fold higher total vessel area (TVA). Importantly, despite that larger TVA in SC-seeded group, the mean perfusion capacity (MPC) was comparable between groups, therefore suggesting functional superiority together with an enhanced perfusion efficacy of the neo-vessels in 3D-MT-seeded scaffolds. This was further underlined by a 1.64-fold higher perfusion ratio when relating MPC to TVA. Our study shows that cellular self-assembly of human cardiopoietic stem cells into 3D-MTs substantially enhances their overall angiogenic potential and their functional neovascularization capacity. Hence, the concept of 3D-MTs may be considered to increase the therapeutic efficacy of future cell therapy concepts.
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18
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Vozzi F, Logrand F, Cabiati M, Cicione C, Boffito M, Carmagnola I, Vitale N, Gori M, Brancaccio M, Del Ry S, Gastaldi D, Cattarinuzzi E, Vena P, Rainer A, Domenici C, Ciardelli G, Sartori S. Biomimetic engineering of the cardiac tissue through processing, functionalization, and biological characterization of polyester urethanes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 13:055006. [PMID: 29869614 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/aaca5b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) tissue models offer new tools in the study of diseases. In the case of the engineering of cardiac muscle, a realistic goal would be the design of a scaffold able to replicate the tissue-specific architecture, mechanical properties, and chemical composition, so that it recapitulates the main functions of the tissue. This work is focused on the design and preliminary biological validation of an innovative polyester urethane (PUR) scaffold mimicking cardiac tissue properties. The porous scaffold was fabricated by thermally induced phase separation (TIPS) from poly(ε-caprolactone) diol, 1,4-butanediisocyanate, and l-lysine ethyl ester. Morphological and mechanical scaffolds characterization was accomplished by confocal microscopy, and micro-tensile and compression techniques. Scaffolds were then functionalized with fibronectin by plasma treatment, and the surface treatment was studied by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectra, and contact angle measurements. Primary rat neonatal cardiomyocytes were seeded on scaffolds, and their colonization, survival, and beating activity were analyzed for 14 days. Signal transduction pathways and apoptosis involved in cells, the structural development of the heart, and its metabolism were analyzed. PUR scaffolds showed a porous-aligned structure and mechanical properties consistent with that of the myocardial tissue. Cardiomyocytes plated on the scaffolds showed a high survival rate and a stable beating activity. Serine/threonine kinase (AKT) and extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK) phosphorylation was higher in cardiomyocytes cultured on the PUR scaffold compared to those on tissue culture plates. Real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis showed a significant modulation at 14 days of cardiac muscle (MYH7, prepro-ET-1), hypertrophy-specific (CTGF), and metabolism-related (SLC2a1, PFKL) genes in PUR scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Vozzi
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, IFC-CNR, Via Moruzzi 1, I-56124 Pisa, Italy
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19
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Challenges in Bio-fabrication of Organoid Cultures. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1107:53-71. [DOI: 10.1007/5584_2018_216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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20
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Kim TY, Kofron CM, King ME, Markes AR, Okundaye AO, Qu Z, Mende U, Choi BR. Directed fusion of cardiac spheroids into larger heterocellular microtissues enables investigation of cardiac action potential propagation via cardiac fibroblasts. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0196714. [PMID: 29715271 PMCID: PMC5929561 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0196714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Multicellular spheroids generated through cellular self-assembly provide cytoarchitectural complexities of native tissue including three-dimensionality, extensive cell-cell contacts, and appropriate cell-extracellular matrix interactions. They are increasingly suggested as building blocks for larger engineered tissues to achieve shapes, organization, heterogeneity, and other biomimetic complexities. Application of these tissue culture platforms is of particular importance in cardiac research as the myocardium is comprised of distinct but intermingled cell types. Here, we generated scaffold-free 3D cardiac microtissue spheroids comprised of cardiac myocytes (CMs) and/or cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) and used them as building blocks to form larger microtissues with different spatial distributions of CMs and CFs. Characterization of fusing homotypic and heterotypic spheroid pairs revealed an important influence of CFs on fusion kinetics, but most strikingly showed rapid fusion kinetics between heterotypic pairs consisting of one CF and one CM spheroid, indicating that CMs and CFs self-sort in vitro into the intermixed morphology found in the healthy myocardium. We then examined electrophysiological integration of fused homotypic and heterotypic microtissues by mapping action potential propagation. Heterocellular elongated microtissues which recapitulate the disproportionate CF spatial distribution seen in the infarcted myocardium showed that action potentials propagate through CF volumes albeit with significant delay. Complementary computational modeling revealed an important role of CF sodium currents and the spatial distribution of the CM-CF boundary in action potential conduction through CF volumes. Taken together, this study provides useful insights for the development of complex, heterocellular engineered 3D tissue constructs and their engraftment via tissue fusion and has implications for arrhythmogenesis in cardiac disease and repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Yun Kim
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Institute, Rhode Island Hospital and Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States of America
| | - Celinda M. Kofron
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Institute, Rhode Island Hospital and Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States of America
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States of America
| | - Michelle E. King
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Institute, Rhode Island Hospital and Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States of America
| | - Alexander R. Markes
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Institute, Rhode Island Hospital and Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States of America
- Division of Biology and Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States of America
| | - Amenawon O. Okundaye
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Institute, Rhode Island Hospital and Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Physiology and Biotechnology, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States of America
| | - Zhilin Qu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Ulrike Mende
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Institute, Rhode Island Hospital and Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States of America
| | - Bum-Rak Choi
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Institute, Rhode Island Hospital and Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States of America
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21
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Panek M, Grabacka M, Pierzchalska M. The formation of intestinal organoids in a hanging drop culture. Cytotechnology 2018; 70:1085-1095. [PMID: 29372467 PMCID: PMC6021282 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-018-0194-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently organoids have become widely used in vitro models of many tissue and organs. These type of structures, originated from embryonic or adult mammalian intestines, are called “mini guts”. They organize spontaneously when intestinal crypts or stem cells are embedded in the extracellular matrix proteins preparation scaffold (Matrigel). This approach has some disadvantages, as Matrigel is undefined (the concentrations of growth factors and other biologically active components in it may vary from batch to batch), difficult to handle and expensive. Here we show that the organoids derived from chicken embryo intestine are formed in a hanging drop without embedding, providing an attractive alternative for currently used protocols. Using this technique we obtained compact structures composed of contiguous organoids, which were generally similar to chicken organoids cultured in Matrigel in terms of morphology and expression of intestinal epithelial markers. Due to the simplicity, high reproducibility and throughput capacity of hanging drop technique our model may be applied in various studies concerning the gut biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malgorzata Panek
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Faculty of Food Technology, The University of Agriculture in Kraków, Balicka 122, 30-149, Kraków, Poland
| | - Maja Grabacka
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Faculty of Food Technology, The University of Agriculture in Kraków, Balicka 122, 30-149, Kraków, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Pierzchalska
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Faculty of Food Technology, The University of Agriculture in Kraków, Balicka 122, 30-149, Kraków, Poland.
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22
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Hoarau-Véchot J, Rafii A, Touboul C, Pasquier J. Halfway between 2D and Animal Models: Are 3D Cultures the Ideal Tool to Study Cancer-Microenvironment Interactions? Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19010181. [PMID: 29346265 PMCID: PMC5796130 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19010181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 283] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Revised: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
An area that has come to be of tremendous interest in tumor research in the last decade is the role of the microenvironment in the biology of neoplastic diseases. The tumor microenvironment (TME) comprises various cells that are collectively important for normal tissue homeostasis as well as tumor progression or regression. Seminal studies have demonstrated the role of the dialogue between cancer cells (at many sites) and the cellular component of the microenvironment in tumor progression, metastasis, and resistance to treatment. Using an appropriate system of microenvironment and tumor culture is the first step towards a better understanding of the complex interaction between cancer cells and their surroundings. Three-dimensional (3D) models have been widely described recently. However, while it is claimed that they can bridge the gap between in vitro and in vivo, it is sometimes hard to decipher their advantage or limitation compared to classical two-dimensional (2D) cultures, especially given the broad number of techniques used. We present here a comprehensive review of the different 3D methods developed recently, and, secondly, we discuss the pros and cons of 3D culture compared to 2D when studying interactions between cancer cells and their microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Hoarau-Véchot
- Stem Cell and Microenvironment Laboratory, Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar, Qatar Foundation, Education City, Doha 24144, Qatar.
| | - Arash Rafii
- Stem Cell and Microenvironment Laboratory, Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar, Qatar Foundation, Education City, Doha 24144, Qatar.
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA.
| | - Cyril Touboul
- UMR INSERM U965, Angiogenèse et Recherche Translationnelle, Hôpital Lariboisière, 49 bd de la Chapelle, 75010 Paris, France.
- Service de Gynécologie-Obstétrique et Médecine de la Reproduction, Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal de Créteil, Faculté de Médecine de Créteil UPEC, Paris XII, 40 Avenue de Verdun, 94000 Créteil, France.
| | - Jennifer Pasquier
- Stem Cell and Microenvironment Laboratory, Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar, Qatar Foundation, Education City, Doha 24144, Qatar.
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA.
- INSERM U955, Equipe 7, 94000 Créteil, France.
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23
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Oliveira NM, Martins-Cruz C, Oliveira MB, Reis RL, Mano JF. Coculture of Spheroids/2D Cell Layers Using a Miniaturized Patterned Platform as a Versatile Method to Produce Scaffold-Free Tissue Engineering Building Blocks. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/adbi.201700069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nuno M. Oliveira
- 3B's Research Group - Biomaterials, Biodegradables, and Biomimetics; University of Minho; Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine; AvePark, Zona Industrial da Gandra 4805-017 Barco GMR Portugal
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory; Braga/Guimarães 4710-057 Portugal
| | - Cláudia Martins-Cruz
- Department of Chemistry; CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials; 3810-193 Aveiro Portugal
| | - Mariana B. Oliveira
- 3B's Research Group - Biomaterials, Biodegradables, and Biomimetics; University of Minho; Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine; AvePark, Zona Industrial da Gandra 4805-017 Barco GMR Portugal
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory; Braga/Guimarães 4710-057 Portugal
- Department of Chemistry; CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials; 3810-193 Aveiro Portugal
| | - Rui L. Reis
- 3B's Research Group - Biomaterials, Biodegradables, and Biomimetics; University of Minho; Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine; AvePark, Zona Industrial da Gandra 4805-017 Barco GMR Portugal
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory; Braga/Guimarães 4710-057 Portugal
| | - João F. Mano
- 3B's Research Group - Biomaterials, Biodegradables, and Biomimetics; University of Minho; Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine; AvePark, Zona Industrial da Gandra 4805-017 Barco GMR Portugal
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory; Braga/Guimarães 4710-057 Portugal
- Department of Chemistry; CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials; 3810-193 Aveiro Portugal
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Oliveira NM, Reis RL, Mano JF. The Potential of Liquid Marbles for Biomedical Applications: A Critical Review. Adv Healthc Mater 2017; 6. [PMID: 28795516 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201700192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Revised: 05/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Liquid marbles (LM) are freestanding droplets covered by micro/nanoparticles with hydrophobic/hydrophilic properties, which can be manipulated as a soft solid. The phenomenon that generates these soft structures is regarded as a different method to generate a superhydrophobic behavior in the liquid/solid interface without modifying the surface. Several applications for the LM have been reported in very different fields, however the developments for biomedical applications are very recent. At first, the LM properties are reviewed, namely shell structure, LM shape, evaporation, floatability and robustness. The different strategies for LM manipulation are also described, which make use of magnetic, electrostatic and gravitational forces, ultraviolet and infrared radiation, and approaches that induce LM self-propulsion. Then, very distinctive applications for LM in the biomedical field are presented, namely for diagnostic assays, cell culture, drug screening and cryopreservation of mammalian cells. Finally, a critical outlook about the unexplored potential of LM for biomedical applications is presented, suggesting possible advances on this emergent scientific area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuno M. Oliveira
- 3B's Research Group - Biomaterials; Biodegradables and Biomimetics; University of Minho; Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine; AvePark, Zona Industrial da Gandra; 4805-017 Barco GMR Portugal
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory; Braga/Guimarães Portugal
| | - Rui L. Reis
- 3B's Research Group - Biomaterials; Biodegradables and Biomimetics; University of Minho; Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine; AvePark, Zona Industrial da Gandra; 4805-017 Barco GMR Portugal
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory; Braga/Guimarães Portugal
| | - João F. Mano
- 3B's Research Group - Biomaterials; Biodegradables and Biomimetics; University of Minho; Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine; AvePark, Zona Industrial da Gandra; 4805-017 Barco GMR Portugal
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory; Braga/Guimarães Portugal
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25
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Figtree GA, Bubb KJ, Tang O, Kizana E, Gentile C. Vascularized Cardiac Spheroids as Novel 3D in vitro Models to Study Cardiac Fibrosis. Cells Tissues Organs 2017; 204:191-198. [DOI: 10.1159/000477436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Spheroid cultures are among the most explored cellular biomaterials used in cardiovascular research, due to their improved integration of biochemical and physiological features of the heart in a defined architectural three-dimensional microenvironment when compared to monolayer cultures. To further explore the potential use of spheroid cultures for research, we engineered a novel in vitro model of the heart with vascularized cardiac spheroids (VCSs), by coculturing cardiac myocytes, endothelial cells, and fibroblasts isolated from dissociated rat neonatal hearts (aged 1-3 days) in hanging drop cultures. To evaluate the validity of VCSs in recapitulating pathophysiological processes typical of the in vivo heart, such as cardiac fibrosis, we then treated VCSs with transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFβ1), a known profibrotic agent. Our mRNA analysis demonstrated that TGFβ1-treated VCSs present elevated levels of expression of connective tissue growth factor, fibronectin, and TGFβ1 when compared to control cultures. We demonstrated a dramatic increase in collagen deposition following TGFβ1 treatment in VCSs in the PicroSirius Red-stained sections. Doxorubicin, a renowned cardiotoxic and profibrotic agent, triggered apoptosis and disrupted vascular networks in VCSs. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that VCSs are a valid model for the study of the mechanisms involved in cardiac fibrosis, with the potential to be used to investigate novel mechanisms and therapeutics for treating and preventing cardiac fibrosis in vitro.
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26
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Phenotypic Assays for Characterizing Compound Effects on Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiac Spheroids. Assay Drug Dev Technol 2017; 15:280-296. [DOI: 10.1089/adt.2017.792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
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27
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Inspiration from heart development: Biomimetic development of functional human cardiac organoids. Biomaterials 2017; 142:112-123. [PMID: 28732246 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Revised: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Recent progress in human organoids has provided 3D tissue systems to model human development, diseases, as well as develop cell delivery systems for regenerative therapies. While direct differentiation of human embryoid bodies holds great promise for cardiac organoid production, intramyocardial cell organization during heart development provides biological foundation to fabricate human cardiac organoids with defined cell types. Inspired by the intramyocardial organization events in coronary vasculogenesis, where a diverse, yet defined, mixture of cardiac cell types self-organizes into functional myocardium in the absence of blood flow, we have developed a defined method to produce scaffold-free human cardiac organoids that structurally and functionally resembled the lumenized vascular network in the developing myocardium, supported hiPSC-CM development and possessed fundamental cardiac tissue-level functions. In particular, this development-driven strategy offers a robust, tunable system to examine the contributions of individual cell types, matrix materials and additional factors for developmental insight, biomimetic matrix composition to advance biomaterial design, tissue/organ-level drug screening, and cell therapy for heart repair.
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Ong CS, Fukunishi T, Zhang H, Huang CY, Nashed A, Blazeski A, DiSilvestre D, Vricella L, Conte J, Tung L, Tomaselli GF, Hibino N. Biomaterial-Free Three-Dimensional Bioprinting of Cardiac Tissue using Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Derived Cardiomyocytes. Sci Rep 2017; 7:4566. [PMID: 28676704 PMCID: PMC5496874 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-05018-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We have developed a novel method to deliver stem cells using 3D bioprinted cardiac patches, free of biomaterials. Human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs), fibroblasts (FB) and endothelial cells (EC) were aggregated to create mixed cell spheroids. Cardiac patches were created from spheroids (CM:FB:EC = 70:15:15, 70:0:30, 45:40:15) using a 3D bioprinter. Cardiac patches were analyzed with light and video microscopy, immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, cell viability assays and optical electrical mapping. Cardiac tissue patches of all cell ratios beat spontaneously after 3D bioprinting. Patches exhibited ventricular-like action potential waveforms and uniform electrical conduction throughout the patch. Conduction velocities were higher and action potential durations were significantly longer in patches containing a lower percentage of FBs. Immunohistochemistry revealed staining for CM, FB and EC markers, with rudimentary CD31+ blood vessel formation. Immunofluorescence revealed the presence of Cx43, the main cardiac gap junction protein, localized to cell-cell borders. In vivo implantation suggests vascularization of 3D bioprinted cardiac patches with engraftment into native rat myocardium. This constitutes a significant step towards a new generation of stem cell-based treatment for heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin Siang Ong
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Takuma Fukunishi
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Huaitao Zhang
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Chen Yu Huang
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Andrew Nashed
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Adriana Blazeski
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Luca Vricella
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - John Conte
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Leslie Tung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Gordon F Tomaselli
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Narutoshi Hibino
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
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29
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Amirpour N, Razavi S, Esfandiari E, Hashemibeni B, Kazemi M, Salehi H. Hanging drop culture enhances differentiation of human adipose-derived stem cells into anterior neuroectodermal cells using small molecules. Int J Dev Neurosci 2017; 59:21-30. [PMID: 28285945 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2017.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Revised: 03/04/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Inspired by in vivo developmental process, several studies were conducted to design a protocol for differentiating of mesenchymal stem cells into neural cells in vitro. Human adipose-derived stem cells (hADSCs) as mesenchymal stem cells are a promising source for this purpose. At current study, we applied a defined neural induction medium by using small molecules for direct differentiation of hADSCs into anterior neuroectodermal cells. Anterior neuroectodermal differentiation of hADSCs was performed by hanging drop and monolayer protocols. At these methods, three small molecules were used to suppress the BMP, Nodal, and Wnt signaling pathways in order to obtain anterior neuroectodermal (eye field) cells from hADSCs. After two and three weeks of induction, the differentiated cells with neural morphology expressed anterior neuroectodermal markers such as OTX2, SIX3, β-TUB III and PAX6. The protein expression of such markers was confirmed by real time, RT-PCR and immunocytochemistry methods According to our data, it seems that the hanging drop method is a proper approach for neuroectodermal induction of hADSCs. Considering wide availability and immunosuppressive properties of hADSCs, these cells may open a way for autologous cell therapy of neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noushin Amirpour
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Shahnaz Razavi
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Esfandiari
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Batoul Hashemibeni
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Kazemi
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hossein Salehi
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
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30
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Serpooshan V, Chen P, Wu H, Lee S, Sharma A, Hu DA, Venkatraman S, Ganesan AV, Usta OB, Yarmush M, Yang F, Wu JC, Demirci U, Wu SM. Bioacoustic-enabled patterning of human iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes into 3D cardiac tissue. Biomaterials 2017; 131:47-57. [PMID: 28376365 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Revised: 03/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The creation of physiologically-relevant human cardiac tissue with defined cell structure and function is essential for a wide variety of therapeutic, diagnostic, and drug screening applications. Here we report a new scalable method using Faraday waves to enable rapid aggregation of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) into predefined 3D constructs. At packing densities that approximate native myocardium (108-109 cells/ml), these hiPSC-CM-derived 3D tissues demonstrate significantly improved cell viability, metabolic activity, and intercellular connection when compared to constructs with random cell distribution. Moreover, the patterned hiPSC-CMs within the constructs exhibit significantly greater levels of contractile stress, beat frequency, and contraction-relaxation rates, suggesting their improved maturation. Our results demonstrate a novel application of Faraday waves to create stem cell-derived 3D cardiac tissue that resembles the cellular architecture of a native heart tissue for diverse basic research and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahid Serpooshan
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Pu Chen
- Bio-Acoustic MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) Lab, Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Canary Center for Early Cancer Detection, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Institute of Model Animal of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Haodi Wu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Soah Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Arun Sharma
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Daniel A Hu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Sneha Venkatraman
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Biology Program, California State University Channel Islands, Camarillo, CA, USA
| | | | - Osman Berk Usta
- Center for Engineering in Medicine at Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School and Shriners Hospital for Children, 51 Blossom St., Boston 02144, MA, USA
| | - Martin Yarmush
- Center for Engineering in Medicine at Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School and Shriners Hospital for Children, 51 Blossom St., Boston 02144, MA, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, 599 Taylor Rd, Piscataway 08854, NJ, USA
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Joseph C Wu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Institute of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Utkan Demirci
- Bio-Acoustic MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) Lab, Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Canary Center for Early Cancer Detection, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Electrical Engineering (by Courtesy), Stanford University School of Engineering, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Sean M Wu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Institute of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
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31
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Mimicking Cardiac Fibrosis in a Dish: Fibroblast Density Rather than Collagen Density Weakens Cardiomyocyte Function. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2017; 10:116-127. [PMID: 28281243 PMCID: PMC5437129 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-017-9737-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac fibrosis is one of the most devastating effects of cardiac disease. Current in vitro models of cardiac fibrosis do not sufficiently mimic the complex in vivo environment of the cardiomyocyte. We determined the local composition and mechanical properties of the myocardium in established mouse models of genetic and acquired fibrosis and tested the effect of myocardial composition on cardiomyocyte contractility in vitro by systematically manipulating the number of fibroblasts and collagen concentration in a platform of engineered cardiac microtissues. The in vitro results showed that while increasing collagen content had little effect on microtissue contraction, increasing fibroblast density caused a significant reduction in contraction force. In addition, the beating frequency dropped significantly in tissues consisting of 50% cardiac fibroblasts or higher. Despite apparent dissimilarities between native and in vitro fibrosis, the latter allows for the independent analysis of local determinants of fibrosis, which is not possible in vivo.
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32
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Zuppinger C. Edge-Detection for Contractility Measurements with Cardiac Spheroids. METHODS IN PHARMACOLOGY AND TOXICOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-6661-5_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Microtissues in Cardiovascular Medicine: Regenerative Potential Based on a 3D Microenvironment. Stem Cells Int 2016; 2016:9098523. [PMID: 27073399 PMCID: PMC4814701 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9098523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Revised: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
More people die annually from cardiovascular diseases than from any other cause. In particular, patients who suffer from myocardial infarction may be affected by ongoing adverse remodeling processes of the heart that may ultimately lead to heart failure. The introduction of stem and progenitor cell-based applications has raised substantial hope for reversing these processes and inducing cardiac regeneration. However, current stem cell therapies using single-cell suspensions have failed to demonstrate long-lasting efficacy due to the overall low retention rate after cell delivery to the myocardium. To overcome this obstacle, the concept of 3D cell culture techniques has been proposed to enhance therapeutic efficacy and cell engraftment based on the simulation of an in vivo-like microenvironment. Of great interest is the use of so-called microtissues or spheroids, which have evolved from their traditional role as in vitro models to their novel role as therapeutic agents. This review will provide an overview of the therapeutic potential of microtissues by addressing primarily cardiovascular regeneration. It will accentuate their advantages compared to other regenerative approaches and summarize the methods for generating clinically applicable microtissues. In addition, this review will illustrate the unique properties of the microenvironment within microtissues that makes them a promising next-generation therapeutic approach.
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34
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Messina A, Morelli S, Forgacs G, Barbieri G, Drioli E, De Bartolo L. Self-assembly of tissue spheroids on polymeric membranes. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2015; 11:2090-2103. [PMID: 26549598 DOI: 10.1002/term.2105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Revised: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
In this study, multicellular tissue spheroids were fabricated on polymeric membranes in order to accelerate the fusion process and tissue formation. To this purpose, tissue spheroids composed of three different cell types, myoblasts, fibroblasts and neural cells, were formed and cultured on agarose and membranes of polycaprolactone (PCL) and chitosan (CHT). Membranes prepared by a phase-inversion technique display different physicochemical, mechanical and transport properties, which can affect the fusion process. The membranes accelerated the fusion process of a pair of spheroids with respect to the inert substrate. In this process, a critical role is played by the membrane properties, especially by their mechanical characteristics and oxygen and carbon dioxide mass transfer. The rate of fusion was quantified and found to be similar for fibroblast, myoblast and neural tissue spheroids on membranes, which completed the fusion within 3 days. These spheroids underwent faster fusion and maturation on PCL membrane than on agarose, the rate of fusion being proportional to the value of oxygen and carbon dioxide permeances and elastic characteristics. Consequently, tissue spheroids on the membranes expressed high biological activity in terms of oxygen uptake, making them more suitable as building blocks in the fabrication of tissues and organs. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonietta Messina
- Institute on Membrane Technology, National Research Council of Italy, ITM-CNR, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy.,Department of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Sabrina Morelli
- Institute on Membrane Technology, National Research Council of Italy, ITM-CNR, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Gabor Forgacs
- Department of Physics, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Giuseppe Barbieri
- Institute on Membrane Technology, National Research Council of Italy, ITM-CNR, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Enrico Drioli
- Institute on Membrane Technology, National Research Council of Italy, ITM-CNR, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy.,Department of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Loredana De Bartolo
- Institute on Membrane Technology, National Research Council of Italy, ITM-CNR, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
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Itoh M, Nakayama K, Noguchi R, Kamohara K, Furukawa K, Uchihashi K, Toda S, Oyama JI, Node K, Morita S. Scaffold-Free Tubular Tissues Created by a Bio-3D Printer Undergo Remodeling and Endothelialization when Implanted in Rat Aortae. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0136681. [PMID: 26325298 PMCID: PMC4556622 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0136681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Small caliber vascular prostheses are not clinically available because synthetic vascular prostheses lack endothelial cells which modulate platelet activation, leukocyte adhesion, thrombosis, and the regulation of vasomotor tone by the production of vasoactive substances. We developed a novel method to create scaffold-free tubular tissue from multicellular spheroids (MCS) using a "Bio-3D printer"-based system. This system enables the creation of pre-designed three-dimensional structures using a computer controlled robotics system. With this system, we created a tubular structure and studied its biological features. METHODS AND RESULTS Using a "Bio-3D printer," we made scaffold-free tubular tissues (inner diameter of 1.5 mm) from a total of 500 MCSs (2.5× 104 cells per one MCS) composed of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (40%), human aortic smooth muscle cells (10%), and normal human dermal fibroblasts (50%). The tubular tissues were cultured in a perfusion system and implanted into the abdominal aortas of F344 nude rats. We assessed the flow by ultrasonography and performed histological examinations on the second (n = 5) and fifth (n = 5) day after implantation. All grafts were patent and remodeling of the tubular tissues (enlargement of the lumen area and thinning of the wall) was observed. A layer of endothelial cells was confirmed five days after implantation. CONCLUSIONS The scaffold-free tubular tissues made of MCS using a Bio-3D printer underwent remodeling and endothelialization. Further studies are warranted to elucidate the underlying mechanism of endothelialization and its function, as well as the long-term results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manabu Itoh
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Koichi Nakayama
- Biomedical Engineering Course Advanced Technology, Fusion Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Ryo Noguchi
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Keiji Kamohara
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Kojirou Furukawa
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Uchihashi
- Department of Pathology & Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Shuji Toda
- Department of Pathology & Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Jun-ichi Oyama
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Koichi Node
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Shigeki Morita
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
- * E-mail:
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36
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Noguchi R, Nakayama K, Itoh M, Kamohara K, Furukawa K, Oyama JI, Node K, Morita S. Development of a three-dimensional pre-vascularized scaffold-free contractile cardiac patch for treating heart disease. J Heart Lung Transplant 2015; 35:137-145. [PMID: 26433566 DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2015.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2014] [Revised: 04/12/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of our study was to develop a completely scaffold-free, viable, contractile cardiac tissue capable of being grafted into the damaged native heart. METHODS Our technology is based on the fundamental characteristics of the self-assembling nature of cells. We created contractile cardiac spheroids by plating a mixture of rat neonatal ventricular cardiomyocytes, human dermal fibroblasts, and human coronary microartery endothelial cells in ultralow attachment plates. First, the optimal cell ratios for the 3 cell sources were determined. Next, approximately 1 × 10(4) optimal spheroids were fused into a patch-like construct, and the morphologic characteristics and mechanical functions of these patches were evaluated. Finally, the cardiac patches were grafted into the hearts of F344 nude rats, and histologic studies were performed after transplantation. RESULTS Synchronous beating of the cardiac patch was confirmed electrophysiologically and mechanically. A micronetwork of endothelial cells was also demonstrated in the construct, and the histologic study performed 5 days after transplantation showed the grafts to be viable, with functioning microvascular structures inside the graft tissue. CONCLUSIONS We consider the application of our scaffold-free 3-dimensional tissue engineering technology to cardiac regeneration therapy is feasible and expect that this technology will become a promising tool for the treatment of end-stage heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Noguchi
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery.
| | - Koichi Nakayama
- Biomedical Engineering Course Advanced Technology, Fusion Graduate School of Science and Engineering
| | - Manabu Itoh
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery
| | | | | | - Jun-Ichi Oyama
- Department of Cardiology, Saga University, Saga City, Japan
| | - Koichi Node
- Department of Cardiology, Saga University, Saga City, Japan
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37
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Tan Y, Richards D, Xu R, Stewart-Clark S, Mani SK, Borg TK, Menick DR, Tian B, Mei Y. Silicon nanowire-induced maturation of cardiomyocytes derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells. NANO LETTERS 2015; 15:2765-72. [PMID: 25826336 PMCID: PMC4431939 DOI: 10.1021/nl502227a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The current inability to derive mature cardiomyocytes from human pluripotent stem cells has been the limiting step for transitioning this powerful technology into clinical therapies. To address this, scaffold-based tissue engineering approaches have been utilized to mimic heart development in vitro and promote maturation of cardiomyocytes derived from human pluripotent stem cells. While scaffolds can provide 3D microenvironments, current scaffolds lack the matched physical/chemical/biological properties of native extracellular environments. On the other hand, scaffold-free, 3D cardiac spheroids (i.e., spherical-shaped microtissues) prepared by seeding cardiomyocytes into agarose microwells were shown to improve cardiac functions. However, cardiomyocytes within the spheroids could not assemble in a controlled manner and led to compromised, unsynchronized contractions. Here, we show, for the first time, that incorporation of a trace amount (i.e., ∼0.004% w/v) of electrically conductive silicon nanowires (e-SiNWs) in otherwise scaffold-free cardiac spheroids can form an electrically conductive network, leading to synchronized and significantly enhanced contraction (i.e., >55% increase in average contraction amplitude), resulting in significantly more advanced cellular structural and contractile maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Tan
- Bioengineering Department, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Dylan Richards
- Bioengineering Department, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Ruoyu Xu
- Department of Chemistry, the James Franck Institute and the Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, the University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | | | - Santhosh Kumar Mani
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Gazes Cardiac Research Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston SC 29425, USA
| | - Thomas Keith Borg
- Bioengineering Department, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Donald R. Menick
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Gazes Cardiac Research Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston SC 29425, USA
| | - Bozhi Tian
- Department of Chemistry, the James Franck Institute and the Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, the University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Ying Mei
- Bioengineering Department, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
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38
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Veerman CC, Kosmidis G, Mummery CL, Casini S, Verkerk AO, Bellin M. Immaturity of Human Stem-Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes in Culture: Fatal Flaw or Soluble Problem? Stem Cells Dev 2015; 24:1035-52. [DOI: 10.1089/scd.2014.0533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Christiaan C. Veerman
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Georgios Kosmidis
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Christine L. Mummery
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Simona Casini
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Arie O. Verkerk
- Department of Anatomy, Embryology and Physiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Milena Bellin
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
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39
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Beauchamp P, Moritz W, Kelm JM, Ullrich ND, Agarkova I, Anson BD, Suter TM, Zuppinger C. Development and Characterization of a Scaffold-Free 3D Spheroid Model of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Human Cardiomyocytes. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2015; 21:852-61. [PMID: 25654582 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2014.0376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiomyocytes (CMs) are terminally differentiated cells in the adult heart, and ischemia and cardiotoxic compounds can lead to cell death and irreversible decline of cardiac function. As testing platforms, isolated organs and primary cells from rodents have been the standard in research and toxicology, but there is a need for better models that more faithfully recapitulate native human biology. Hence, a new in vitro model comprising the advantages of 3D cell culture and the availability of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) of human origin was developed and characterized. Human CMs derived from iPSCs were studied in standard 2D culture and as cardiac microtissues (MTs) formed in hanging drops. Two-dimensional cultures were examined using immunofluorescence microscopy and western blotting, while the cardiac MTs were subjected to immunofluorescence, contractility, and pharmacological investigations. iPSC-derived CMs in 2D culture showed well-formed myofibrils, cell-cell contacts positive for connexin-43, and other typical cardiac proteins. The cells reacted to prohypertrophic growth factors with a substantial increase in myofibrils and sarcomeric proteins. In hanging drop cultures, iPSC-derived CMs formed spheroidal MTs within 4 days, showing a homogeneous tissue structure with well-developed myofibrils extending throughout the whole spheroid without a necrotic core. MTs showed spontaneous contractions for more than 4 weeks that were recorded by optical motion tracking, sensitive to temperature and responsive to electrical pacing. Contractile pharmacology was tested with several agents known to modulate cardiac rate and viability. Calcium transients underlay the contractile activity and were also responsive to electrical stimulation, caffeine-induced Ca(2+) release, and extracellular calcium levels. A three-dimensional culture using iPSC-derived human CMs provides an organoid human-based cellular platform that is free of necrosis and recapitulates vital cardiac functionality, thereby providing a new and promising relevant model for the evaluation and development of new therapies and detection of cardiotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Beauchamp
- 1 Department of Clinical Research, Cardiology, Bern University Hospital , Bern, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Nina D Ullrich
- 3 Department of Physiology, Bern University , Bühlplatz, Bern, Switzerland .,4 Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Heidelberg University , Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Blake D Anson
- 5 Cellular Dynamics International , Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Thomas M Suter
- 1 Department of Clinical Research, Cardiology, Bern University Hospital , Bern, Switzerland
| | - Christian Zuppinger
- 1 Department of Clinical Research, Cardiology, Bern University Hospital , Bern, Switzerland
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In vitro analysis of scaffold-free prevascularized microtissue spheroids containing human dental pulp cells and endothelial cells. J Endod 2015; 41:663-70. [PMID: 25687363 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2014.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2014] [Revised: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Scaffolds often fail to mimic essential functions of the physiologic extracellular matrix (ECM) that regulates cell-cell communication in tissue microenvironments. The development of scaffold-free microtissues containing stem cell-derived ECM may serve as a successful alternative to the use of artificial scaffolds. The current study aimed to fabricate 3-dimensional microtissue spheroids of dental pulp cells (DPCs) prevascularized by human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and to characterize these scaffold-free spheroids for the in vitro formation of pulplike tissue constructs. METHODS Three-dimensional microtissue spheroids of DPC alone and DPC-HUVEC co-cultures were fabricated using agarose micro-molds. Cellular organization within the spheroids and cell viability (live/dead assay) were assessed at days 1, 7, and 14. Microtissue spheroids were allowed to self-assemble into macrotissues, induced for odontogenic differentiation (21 days), and examined for expression levels of osteo/odontogenic markers: alkaline phosphatase, bone sialoprotein and RUNX2 (Real-time PCR), mineralization (von-Kossa), and prevascularisation (immunohistochemistry for CD31). RESULTS The DPC microtissue microenvironment supported HUVEC survival and capillary network formation in the absence of a scaffolding material and external angiogenic stimulation. Immunohistochemical staining for CD31 showed the capillary network formed by HUVECs did sustain-for a prolonged period-even after the microtissues transformed into a macrotissue. Induced, prevascularized macrotissues showed enhanced differentiation capacity compared with DPC alone macrotissues, as shown by higher osteo/odontogenic gene expression levels and mineralization. CONCLUSIONS These findings provide insight into the complex intercellular cross talk occurring between DPCs and HUVECs in the context of angiogenesis and pulp regeneration and highlight the significance of developing a favorable 3-dimensional microenvironment that can, in turn, contribute toward successful pulp regeneration strategies.
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Leung BM, Lesher-Perez SC, Matsuoka T, Moraes C, Takayama S. Media additives to promote spheroid circularity and compactness in hanging drop platform. Biomater Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4bm00319e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional spheroid cultures have become increasingly popular as drug screening platforms, especially with the advent of different high throughput spheroid forming technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendan M. Leung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
- Biointerfaces Institute
- University of Michigan
- Ann Arbor
- USA
| | - Sasha Cai Lesher-Perez
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
- Biointerfaces Institute
- University of Michigan
- Ann Arbor
- USA
| | - Toshiki Matsuoka
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
- Biointerfaces Institute
- University of Michigan
- Ann Arbor
- USA
| | - Christopher Moraes
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
- Biointerfaces Institute
- University of Michigan
- Ann Arbor
- USA
| | - Shuichi Takayama
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
- Biointerfaces Institute
- University of Michigan
- Ann Arbor
- USA
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Dissanayaka WL, Zhu L, Hargreaves KM, Jin L, Zhang C. Scaffold-free Prevascularized Microtissue Spheroids for Pulp Regeneration. J Dent Res 2014; 93:1296-303. [PMID: 25201919 DOI: 10.1177/0022034514550040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Creating an optimal microenvironment that mimics the extracellular matrix (ECM) of natural pulp and securing an adequate blood supply for the survival of cell transplants are major hurdles that need to be overcome in dental pulp regeneration. However, many currently available scaffolds fail to mimic essential functions of natural ECM. The present study investigated a novel approach involving the use of scaffold-free microtissue spheroids of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) prevascularized by human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in pulp regeneration. In vitro-fabricated microtissue spheroids were inserted into the canal space of tooth-root slices and were implanted subcutaneously into immunodeficient mice. Histological examination revealed that, after four-week implantation, tooth-root slices containing microtissue spheroids resulted in well-vascularized and cellular pulp-like tissues, compared with empty tooth-root slices, which were filled with only subcutaneous fat tissue. Immunohistochemical staining indicated that the tissue found in the tooth-root slices was of human origin, as characterized by the expression of human mitochondria, and contained odontoblast-like cells organized along the dentin, as assessed by immunostaining for nestin and dentin sialoprotein (DSP). Vascular structures formed by HUVECs in vitro were successfully anastomosed with the host vasculature upon transplantation in vivo, as shown by immunostaining for human CD31. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that prevascularized, scaffold-free, microtissue spheroids can successfully regenerate vascular dental pulp-like tissue and also highlight the significance of the microtissue microenvironment as an optimal environment for successful pulp-regeneration strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- W L Dissanayaka
- Endodontics, Comprehensive Dental Care, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - L Zhu
- Endodontics, Comprehensive Dental Care, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - K M Hargreaves
- Department of Endodontics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - L Jin
- Periodontology and Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - C Zhang
- Endodontics, Comprehensive Dental Care, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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43
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Olsen TR, Mattix B, Casco M, Herbst A, Williams C, Tarasidis A, Evans G, Jenkins L, McMahan CL, Simionescu D, Visconti RP, Alexis F. Processing cellular spheroids for histological examination. J Histotechnol 2014. [DOI: 10.1179/2046023614y.0000000047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Mei JC, Wu AYK, Wu PC, Cheng NC, Tsai WB, Yu J. Three-dimensional extracellular matrix scaffolds by microfluidic fabrication for long-term spontaneously contracted cardiomyocyte culture. Tissue Eng Part A 2014; 20:2931-41. [PMID: 24851797 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2013.0549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
To repair damaged cardiac tissue, the important principle of in vitro cell culture is to mimic the in vivo cell growth environment. Thus, micro-sized cells are more suitably cultured in three-dimensional (3D) than in two-dimensional (2D) microenvironments (ex: culture dish). With the matching dimensions of works produced by microfluidic technology, chemical engineering and biochemistry applications have used this technology extensively in cellular works. The 3D scaffolds produced in our investigation has essential properties, such has high mass transfer efficiency, and variable pore sizes, to adapt to various needs of different cell types. In addition to the malleability of these innovative scaffolds, fabrication procedure was effortless and fast. Primary neonatal mice cardiomyocytes were successfully harvested and cultured in 3D scaffolds made of gelatin and collagen. Gelatin and gelatin-collagen scaffold were produced by the formation of microbubbles through a microfluidic device, and the mechanical properties of gelatin scaffold and gelatin-collagen scaffold were measured. Cellular properties in the microbubbles were also monitored. Fluorescence staining results assured that cardiomyocytes could maintain in vivo morphology in 3D gelatin scaffold. In addition, it was found that 3D scaffold could prolong the contraction behavior of cardiomyocytes compared with a conventional 2D culture dish. Spontaneously contracted behavior was maintained for the longest (about 1 month) in the 3D gelatin scaffold, about 19 days in the 3D gelatin-collagen scaffold. To sum up, this 3D platform for cell culture has promising potential for myocardial tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeng-Chun Mei
- 1 Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University , Taipei, Taiwan
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45
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Abstract
The engineering of 3-dimensional (3D) heart muscles has undergone exciting progress for the past decade. Profound advances in human stem cell biology and technology, tissue engineering and material sciences, as well as prevascularization and in vitro assay technologies make the first clinical application of engineered cardiac tissues a realistic option and predict that cardiac tissue engineering techniques will find widespread use in the preclinical research and drug development in the near future. Tasks that need to be solved for this purpose include standardization of human myocyte production protocols, establishment of simple methods for the in vitro vascularization of 3D constructs and better maturation of myocytes, and, finally, thorough definition of the predictive value of these methods for preclinical safety pharmacology. The present article gives an overview of the present state of the art, bottlenecks, and perspectives of cardiac tissue engineering for cardiac repair and in vitro testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc N. Hirt
- From the Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; and DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Arne Hansen
- From the Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; and DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Eschenhagen
- From the Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; and DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
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46
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Abstract
Cardiac muscle engineering has evolved over nearly 20 years from a scientific oddity to a mainstream technology with a wide range of applications. Of the many published methods it appears that hydrogels constitute the preferred scaffolds for myocardial tissue engineering and support of organotypic development. Here we describe a simple and highly robust protocol for the generation of engineered heart muscle using a collagen-based hydrogel method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malte Tiburcy
- Institute of Pharmacology, Heart Research Center Göttingen (HRCG), University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
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Athanasiou KA, Eswaramoorthy R, Hadidi P, Hu JC. Self-organization and the self-assembling process in tissue engineering. Annu Rev Biomed Eng 2013; 15:115-36. [PMID: 23701238 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-bioeng-071812-152423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, the tissue engineering paradigm has shifted to include a new and growing subfield of scaffoldless techniques that generate self-organizing and self-assembling tissues. This review aims to cogently describe this relatively new research area, with special focus on applications toward clinical use and research models. Particular emphasis is placed on providing clear definitions of self-organization and the self-assembling process, as delineated from other scaffoldless techniques in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Significantly, during formation, self-organizing and self-assembling tissues display biological processes similar to those that occur in vivo. These processes help lead to the recapitulation of native tissue morphological structure and organization. Notably, functional properties of these engineered tissues, some of which are already in clinical trials, also approach native tissue values. This review endeavors to provide a cohesive summary of work in this field and to highlight the potential of self-organization and the self-assembling process for providing cogent solutions to currently intractable problems in tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyriacos A Athanasiou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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Gunness P, Mueller D, Shevchenko V, Heinzle E, Ingelman-Sundberg M, Noor F. 3D organotypic cultures of human HepaRG cells: a tool for in vitro toxicity studies. Toxicol Sci 2013; 133:67-78. [PMID: 23377618 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kft021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug-induced human hepatotoxicity is difficult to predict using the current in vitro systems. In this study, long-term 3D organotypic cultures of the human hepatoma HepaRG cell line were prepared using a high-throughput hanging drop method. The organotypic cultures were maintained for 3 weeks and assessed for (1) liver specific functions, including phase I enzyme and transporter activities, (2) expression of liver-specific proteins, and (3) responses to three drugs (acetaminophen, troglitazone, and rosiglitazone). Our results show that the organotypic cultures maintain high liver-specific functionality during 3 weeks of culture. The immunohistochemistry analyses illustrate that the organotypic cultures express liver-specific markers such as albumin, CYP3A4, CYP2E1, and MRP-2 throughout the cultivation period. Accordingly, the production rates of albumin and glucose, as well as CYP2E1 activity, were significantly higher in the 3D versus the 2D cultures. Toxicity studies show that the organotypic cultures are more sensitive to acetaminophen- and rosiglitazone-induced toxicity but less sensitive to troglitazone-induced toxicity than the 2D cultures. Furthermore, the EC50 value (2.7mM) for acetaminophen on the 3D cultures was similar to in vivo toxicity. In summary, the results from our study suggest that the 3D organotypic HepaRG culture is a promising in vitro tool for more accurate assessment of acute and also possibly for chronic drug-induced hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrina Gunness
- Section of Pharmacogenetics, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
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Asthana A, Kisaalita WS. Biophysical microenvironment and 3D culture physiological relevance. Drug Discov Today 2012; 18:533-40. [PMID: 23270783 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2012.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2012] [Revised: 11/29/2012] [Accepted: 12/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Force and substrate physical property (pliability) is one of three well established microenvironmental factors (MEFs) that may contribute to the formation of physiologically more relevant constructs (or not) for cell-based high-throughput screening (HTS) in preclinical drug discovery. In 3D cultures, studies of the physiological relevance dependence on material pliability are inconclusive, raising questions regarding the need to design platforms with materials whose pliability lies within the physiological range. To provide more insight into this question, we examine the factors that may underlie the studies inconclusiveness and suggest the elimination of redundant physical cues, where applicable, to better control other MEFs, make it easier to incorporate 3D cultures into state of the art HTS instrumentation, and reduce screening costs per compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amish Asthana
- Cellular Bioengineering Laboratory, College of Engineering, Driftmier Engineering Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
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