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Jengelley DHA, Wang M, Narasimhan A, Rupert JE, Young AR, Zhong X, Horan DJ, Robling AG, Koniaris LG, Zimmers TA. Exogenous Oncostatin M induces Cardiac Dysfunction, Musculoskeletal Atrophy, and Fibrosis. Cytokine 2022; 159:155972. [PMID: 36054964 PMCID: PMC10468097 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2022.155972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Musculoskeletal diseases such as muscular dystrophy, cachexia, osteoarthritis, and rheumatoid arthritis impair overall physical health and reduce survival. Patients suffer from pain, dysfunction, and dysmobility due to inflammation and fibrosis in bones, muscles, and joints, both locally and systemically. The Interleukin-6 (IL-6) family of cytokines, most notably IL-6, is implicated in musculoskeletal disorders and cachexia. Here we show elevated circulating levels of OSM in murine pancreatic cancer cachexia and evaluate the effects of the IL-6 family member, Oncostatin M (OSM), on muscle and bone using adeno-associated virus (AAV) mediated over-expression of murine OSM in wildtype and IL-6 deficient mice. Initial studies with high titer AAV-OSM injection yielded high circulating OSM and IL-6, thrombocytosis, inflammation, and 60% mortality without muscle loss within 4 days. Subsequently, to mimic OSM levels in cachexia, a lower titer of AAV-OSM was used in wildtype and Il6 null mice, observing effects out to 4 weeks and 12 weeks. AAV-OSM caused muscle atrophy and fibrosis in the gastrocnemius, tibialis anterior, and quadriceps of the injected limb, but these effects were not observed on the non-injected side. In contrast, OSM induced both local and distant trabecular bone loss as shown by reduced bone volume, trabecular number, and thickness, and increased trabecular separation. OSM caused cardiac dysfunction including reduced ejection fraction and reduced fractional shortening. RNA-sequencing of cardiac muscle revealed upregulation of genes related to inflammation and fibrosis. None of these effects were different in IL-6 knockout mice. Thus, OSM induces local muscle atrophy, systemic bone loss, tissue fibrosis, and cardiac dysfunction independently of IL-6, suggesting a role for OSM in musculoskeletal conditions with these characteristics, including cancer cachexia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daenique H A Jengelley
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Richard L. Roudebush Veterans Administration Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Meijing Wang
- Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Richard L. Roudebush Veterans Administration Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Ashok Narasimhan
- Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Richard L. Roudebush Veterans Administration Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Joseph E Rupert
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Richard L. Roudebush Veterans Administration Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Andrew R Young
- Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Xiaoling Zhong
- Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Richard L. Roudebush Veterans Administration Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Daniel J Horan
- Anatomy, Cell Biology & Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Richard L. Roudebush Veterans Administration Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Alexander G Robling
- Anatomy, Cell Biology & Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Richard L. Roudebush Veterans Administration Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Leonidas G Koniaris
- Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Anatomy, Cell Biology & Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Richard L. Roudebush Veterans Administration Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Teresa A Zimmers
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Anatomy, Cell Biology & Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Richard L. Roudebush Veterans Administration Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
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Young PY, Mueller TF, Sis B, Churchill TA, Khadaroo RG. Oncostatin M Plays a Critical Role in Survival after Acute Intestinal Ischemia: Reperfusion Injury. Surg Infect (Larchmt) 2020; 21:799-806. [PMID: 32379547 DOI: 10.1089/sur.2019.193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Acute intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury (AIIRI) is a devastating clinical condition relevant to multiple diseases processes, including sepsis, trauma, transplantation, and burns. An AIIRI is a contributor to the development of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS). Oncostatin M (OSM)/oncostatin M receptor (OSMR) signaling is an unrecognized and novel candidate pathway for the mediation of MODS. In this study, we hypothesized that OSM mediates the injury mechanism of AIIRI leading to MODS. Methods: Wild-type (WT) and OSMR-knockout (OSMR-/-) C57BL/6 mice underwent AIIRI using a well-established model of selective occlusion of the superior mesenteric artery (SMA). Serum cytokine concentrations were measured using a multiplex detection system. Further tissue analysis was conducted with polymerase chain reaction, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, Western blots, and histologic review. Results: Survival was significantly higher in WT than in OSMR-/- groups at 30 minutes of ischemia with 2 hours of reperfusion (100% versus 42.9%; P = 0.015). No significant differences in the degree of local intestinal injury was seen in the two groups. In contrast, the degree of lung injury, as evidenced by myeloperixodase activity, was lower in OSMR-/- animals in the early AIIRI groups. There was a greater degree of renal dysfunction in OSMR-/- mice. Oncostatin M mediated interleukin (IL)-10 upregulation, with WT animals having significantly lower IL-10 concentrations (52.04 ± 23.06 pg/mL versus 324.37 ± 140.35 pg/mL; P = 0.046). Conclusion: Oncostatin M signalling is essential during acute intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury. An OSMR deficiency results in decreased early lung injury but increased renal dysfunction. There was a significantly increased mortality rate after AIIRI in mice with OSMR deficiency. Augmentation of OSM may be a novel immunomodulatory strategy for AIIRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pang Y Young
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Thomas F Mueller
- Department of Medicine, and Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Banu Sis
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology and Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Thomas A Churchill
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Rachel G Khadaroo
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Division of Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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Overexpression of OSM and IL-6 impacts the polarization of pro-fibrotic macrophages and the development of bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:13281. [PMID: 29038604 PMCID: PMC5643520 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-13511-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Although recent evidence indicates that gp130 cytokines, Oncostatin M (OSM) and IL-6 are involved in alternative programming of macrophages, their role in lung fibrogenesis is poorly understood. Here, we investigated the effect of transient adenoviral overexpression of OSM or IL-6 in mice during bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis. Lung fibrosis and M2-like macrophage accumulation were assessed by immunohistochemistry, western blotting, gene expression and flow cytometry. Ex-vivo isolated alveolar and bone marrow-derived macrophages were examined for M2-like programming and signalling. Airway physiology measurements at day 21 demonstrated that overexpression of OSM or IL-6 exacerbated bleomycin-induced lung elastance, consistent with histopathological assessment of extracellular matrix and myofibroblast accumulation. Flow cytometry analysis at day 7 showed increased numbers of M2-like macrophages in lungs of mice exposed to bleomycin and OSM or IL-6. These macrophages expressed the IL-6Rα, but were deficient for OSMRβ, suggesting that IL-6, but not OSM, may directly induce alternative macrophage activation. In conclusion, the gp130 cytokines IL-6 and OSM contribute to the accumulation of profibrotic macrophages and enhancement of bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis. This study suggests that therapeutic strategies targeting these cytokines or their receptors may be beneficial to prevent the accumulation of M2-like macrophages and the progression of fibrotic lung disease.
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Pohin M, Guesdon W, Mekouo AAT, Rabeony H, Paris I, Atanassov H, Favot L, Mcheik J, Bernard FX, Richards CD, Amiaud J, Blanchard F, Lecron JC, Morel F, Jégou JF. Oncostatin M overexpression induces skin inflammation but is not required in the mouse model of imiquimod-induced psoriasis-like inflammation. Eur J Immunol 2016; 46:1737-51. [PMID: 27122058 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201546216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Revised: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Oncostatin M (OSM) has been reported to be overexpressed in psoriasis skin lesions and to exert proinflammatory effects in vitro on human keratinocytes. Here, we report the proinflammatory role of OSM in vivo in a mouse model of skin inflammation induced by intradermal injection of murine OSM-encoding adenovirus (AdOSM) and compare with that induced by IL-6 injection. Here, we show that OSM potently regulates the expression of genes involved in skin inflammation and epidermal differentiation in murine primary keratinocytes. In vivo, intradermal injection of AdOSM in mouse ears provoked robust skin inflammation with epidermal thickening and keratinocyte proliferation, while minimal effect was observed after AdIL-6 injection. OSM overexpression in the skin increased the expression of the S100A8/9 antimicrobial peptides, CXCL3, CCL2, CCL5, CCL20, and Th1/Th2 cytokines, in correlation with neutrophil and macrophage infiltration. In contrast, OSM downregulated the expression of epidermal differentiation genes, such as cytokeratin-10 or filaggrin. Collectively, these results support the proinflammatory role of OSM when it is overexpressed in the skin. However, OSM expression was not required in the murine model of psoriasis induced by topical application of imiquimod, as demonstrated by the inflammatory phenotype of OSM-deficient mice or wild-type mice treated with anti-OSM antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Pohin
- Laboratoire Inflammation, Tissus Epithéliaux et Cytokines (LITEC), EA 4331, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - William Guesdon
- Laboratoire Inflammation, Tissus Epithéliaux et Cytokines (LITEC), EA 4331, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Adela Andrine Tagne Mekouo
- Laboratoire Inflammation, Tissus Epithéliaux et Cytokines (LITEC), EA 4331, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Hanitriniaina Rabeony
- Laboratoire Inflammation, Tissus Epithéliaux et Cytokines (LITEC), EA 4331, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Isabelle Paris
- Laboratoire Inflammation, Tissus Epithéliaux et Cytokines (LITEC), EA 4331, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France.,Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Hristo Atanassov
- Laboratoire Inflammation, Tissus Epithéliaux et Cytokines (LITEC), EA 4331, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France.,Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Laure Favot
- Laboratoire Inflammation, Tissus Epithéliaux et Cytokines (LITEC), EA 4331, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Jiad Mcheik
- Laboratoire Inflammation, Tissus Epithéliaux et Cytokines (LITEC), EA 4331, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France.,Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - François-Xavier Bernard
- Laboratoire Inflammation, Tissus Epithéliaux et Cytokines (LITEC), EA 4331, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France.,BioAlternatives, Gençay, France
| | - Carl D Richards
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jérôme Amiaud
- INSERM UMR 957, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | | | - Jean-Claude Lecron
- Laboratoire Inflammation, Tissus Epithéliaux et Cytokines (LITEC), EA 4331, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France.,Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Franck Morel
- Laboratoire Inflammation, Tissus Epithéliaux et Cytokines (LITEC), EA 4331, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Jean-François Jégou
- Laboratoire Inflammation, Tissus Epithéliaux et Cytokines (LITEC), EA 4331, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
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Arshad MI, Guihard P, Danger Y, Noel G, Le Seyec J, Boutet MA, Richards CD, L'Helgoualc'h A, Genet V, Lucas-Clerc C, Gascan H, Blanchard F, Piquet-Pellorce C, Samson M. Oncostatin M induces IL-33 expression in liver endothelial cells in mice and expands ST2+CD4+ lymphocytes. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2015; 309:G542-53. [PMID: 26251474 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00398.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-33 is crucially involved in liver pathology and drives hepatoprotective functions. However, the regulation of IL-33 by cytokines of the IL-6 family, including oncostatin M (OSM) and IL-6, is not well studied. The aim of the present study was to determine whether OSM mediates regulation of IL-33 expression in liver cells. Intramuscular administration in mice of an adenovirus encoding OSM (AdOSM) leads to increase in expression of OSM in muscles, liver, and serum of AdOSM-infected mice compared with control mice. The increase of circulating OSM markedly regulated mRNA of genes associated with blood vessel biology, chemotaxis, cellular death, induction of cell adhesion molecules, and the alarmin cytokine IL-33 in liver. Steady-state IL-33 mRNA was upregulated by OSM at an early phase (8 h) following AdOSM infection. At the protein level, the expression of IL-33 was significantly induced in liver endothelial cells [liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSEC) and vascular endothelial cells] with a peak at 8 days post-AdOSM infection in mice. In addition, we found OSM-stimulated human microvascular endothelial HMEC-1 cells and human LSEC/TRP3 cells showed a significant increase in expression of IL-33 mRNA in a dose-dependent manner in cell culture. The OSM-mediated overexpression of IL-33 was associated with the activation/enrichment of CD4(+)ST2(+) cells in liver of AdOSM-infected mice compared with adenovirus encoding green fluorescent protein-treated control mice. In summary, these data suggest that the cytokine OSM regulates the IL-33 expression in liver endothelial cells in vivo and in HMEC-1/TRP3 cells in vitro and may specifically expand the target CD4(+)ST2(+) cells in liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Imran Arshad
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1085, Institut de Recherche Santé Environnement et Travail, Rennes, France; Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, France; Structure Fédérative BioSit UMS 3480 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-US18 Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Rennes, France
| | - Pierre Guihard
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMR 957, Equipe Labellisée LIGUE 2012, Nantes, France
| | - Yannic Danger
- Structure Fédérative BioSit UMS 3480 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-US18 Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Rennes, France; EFS, Rennes, France
| | - Gregory Noel
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1085, Institut de Recherche Santé Environnement et Travail, Rennes, France; Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, France; Structure Fédérative BioSit UMS 3480 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-US18 Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Rennes, France
| | - Jacques Le Seyec
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1085, Institut de Recherche Santé Environnement et Travail, Rennes, France; Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, France; Structure Fédérative BioSit UMS 3480 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-US18 Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Rennes, France
| | - Marie-Astrid Boutet
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMR 957, Equipe Labellisée LIGUE 2012, Nantes, France
| | - Carl D Richards
- McMaster Immunology Research Center, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Annie L'Helgoualc'h
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1085, Institut de Recherche Santé Environnement et Travail, Rennes, France; Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, France; Structure Fédérative BioSit UMS 3480 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-US18 Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Rennes, France
| | - Valentine Genet
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1085, Institut de Recherche Santé Environnement et Travail, Rennes, France; Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, France; Structure Fédérative BioSit UMS 3480 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-US18 Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Rennes, France
| | - Catherine Lucas-Clerc
- Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, France; Service de Biochimie Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Rennes, Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, France
| | - Hugues Gascan
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 6290, Institute of Genetics and Development of Rennes, Rennes, France; and
| | - Frédéric Blanchard
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMR 957, Equipe Labellisée LIGUE 2012, Nantes, France
| | - Claire Piquet-Pellorce
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1085, Institut de Recherche Santé Environnement et Travail, Rennes, France; Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, France; Structure Fédérative BioSit UMS 3480 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-US18 Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Rennes, France
| | - Michel Samson
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1085, Institut de Recherche Santé Environnement et Travail, Rennes, France; Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, France; Structure Fédérative BioSit UMS 3480 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-US18 Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Rennes, France;
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Oncostatin M regulates osteogenic differentiation of murine adipose-derived mesenchymal progenitor cells through a PKCdelta-dependent mechanism. Cell Tissue Res 2015; 360:309-19. [DOI: 10.1007/s00441-014-2099-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Lauber S, Wong S, Cutz JC, Tanaka M, Barra N, Lhoták Š, Ashkar A, Richards CD. Novel function of Oncostatin M as a potent tumour-promoting agent in lung. Int J Cancer 2014; 136:831-43. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2014] [Accepted: 06/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sean Lauber
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology; McGill University; Montreal Canada
| | - Steven Wong
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine; McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University; Hamilton Canada
| | - Jean-Claude Cutz
- Department of Medicine; St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, McMaster University; Hamilton Canada
| | - Minoru Tanaka
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences; The University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
| | - Nicole Barra
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine; McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University; Hamilton Canada
| | - Šárka Lhoták
- Department of Medicine; St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, McMaster University; Hamilton Canada
| | - Ali Ashkar
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine; McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University; Hamilton Canada
| | - Carl Douglas Richards
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine; McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University; Hamilton Canada
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Migita K, Izumi Y, Torigoshi T, Satomura K, Izumi M, Nishino Y, Jiuchi Y, Nakamura M, Kozuru H, Nonaka F, Eguchi K, Kawakami A, Motokawa S. Inhibition of Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) signalling pathway in rheumatoid synovial fibroblasts using small molecule compounds. Clin Exp Immunol 2014; 174:356-63. [PMID: 23968543 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors have been developed as anti-inflammatory agents and have demonstrated clinical efficacy in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We investigated if JAK-3-selective inhibition alone could disrupt cytokine signalling in rheumatoid synovial fibroblasts. In-vitro studies were performed using synovial fibroblasts isolated from patients with RA. Levels of activated JAK and signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) proteins were detected by immunoblot analysis. Target-gene expression levels were measured by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) or real-time PCR. The JAK inhibitors CP-690,550 and INCB028050 both suppressed activation of JAK-1/-2/-3 and downstream STAT-1/-3/-5, as well as the expression levels of target proinflammatory genes (MCP-I, SAA1/2) in oncostatin-M (OSM)-stimulated rheumatoid synovial fibroblasts. In contrast, the JAK-3-selective inhibitor, PF-956980, suppressed STAT-1/-5 activation but did not affect STAT-3 activation in OSM-stimulated rheumatoid synovial fibroblasts. In addition, PF-956980 significantly suppressed MCP-1 gene expression, but did not block SAA1/2 gene expression in OSM-stimulated rheumatoid synovial fibroblasts. These data suggest that JAK-3-selective inhibition alone is insufficient to control STAT-3-dependent signalling in rheumatoid synovial fibroblasts, and inhibition of JAKs, including JAK-1/-2, is needed to control the proinflammatory cascade in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Migita
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Research Center, Nagasaki Medical Center, Omura, Nagasaki, Japan
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9
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David E, Guihard P, Brounais B, Riet A, Charrier C, Battaglia S, Gouin F, Ponsolle S, Bot RL, Richards CD, Heymann D, Rédini F, Blanchard F. Direct anti-cancer effect of oncostatin M on chondrosarcoma. Int J Cancer 2011; 128:1822-35. [PMID: 21344373 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.25776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2010] [Accepted: 10/22/2010] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The cytokine Oncostatin M (OSM) is cytostatic, pro-apoptotic and induces differentiation of osteosarcoma cells into osteocytes, suggesting new adjuvant treatment for these bone-forming sarcomas. However, OSM systemic over-expression could lead to adverse side effects such as generalized inflammation, neoangiogenesis and osteolysis. We determine here the effect of OSM on chondrosarcoma, another primary bone sarcoma characterized by the production of cartilage matrix and altered bone remodelling. Chondrosarcomas are resistant to conventional chemotherapy and radiotherapy, and wide surgical excision remains the only available treatment. We found that OSM blocked the cell cycle in four of five chondrosarcoma cell lines, independently of p53 and presumably through the JAK3/STAT1 pathway. In two tested cell lines, OSM induced a hypertrophic chondrocyte differentiation, with an induced Cbfa1/SOX9 ratio and induced Coll10, matrix metalloproteinase 13 (MMP13) and RANKL expression. Adenoviral gene transfer of OSM (AdOSM) in the Swarm rat chondrosarcoma (SRC) model indicated that local intra-tumoral OSM over-expression reduces chondrosarcoma development not only with reduced tumor proliferation and enhanced apoptosis but also with enhanced RANKL expression, osteoclast formation and reduced bone volumes. Flu-like symptoms were induced by the AdOSM, but there was no effect on tumor angiogenesis. Therefore, OSM could be considered as a new adjuvant anti-cancer agent for chondrosarcomas. A local application of this cytokine is presumably needed to overcome the poor vascularization of these tumors and to limit the deleterious effect on other tissues. Its side effect on bone remodeling could be managed with anti-resorption agents, thus offering potential new lines of therapeutic interventions.
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Brounais B, Chipoy C, Mori K, Charrier C, Battaglia S, Pilet P, Richards CD, Heymann D, Rédini F, Blanchard F. Oncostatin M Induces Bone Loss and Sensitizes Rat Osteosarcoma to the Antitumor Effect of Midostaurin In vivo. Clin Cancer Res 2008; 14:5400-9. [DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-07-4781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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11
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Hamada T, Sato A, Hirano T, Yamamoto T, Son G, Onodera M, Torii I, Nishigami T, Tanaka M, Miyajima A, Nishiguchi S, Fujimoto J, Tsujimura T. Oncostatin M gene therapy attenuates liver damage induced by dimethylnitrosamine in rats. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2007; 171:872-81. [PMID: 17640959 PMCID: PMC1959500 DOI: 10.2353/ajpath.2007.060972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
To assess the usefulness of oncostatin M (osm) gene therapy in liver regeneration, we examined whether the introduction of OSM cDNA enhances the regeneration of livers damaged by dimethylnitrosamine (DMN) in rats. Repeated injection of OSM cDNA enclosed in hemagglutinating virus of Japan envelope into the spleen resulted in the exclusive expression of OSM protein in Kupffer cells of the liver, which was accompanied by increases in body weight, liver weight, and serum albumin levels and the reduction of serum liver injury parameters (bilirubin, aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine aminotransferase) and a serum fibrosis parameter (hyaluronic acid). Histological examination showed that osm gene therapy reduced centrilobular necrosis and inflammatory cell infiltration and augmented hepatocyte proliferation. The apoptosis of hepatocytes and fibrosis were suppressed by osm gene therapy. Time-course studies on osm gene therapy before or after DMN treatment showed that this therapy was effective not only in enhancing regeneration of hepatocytes damaged by DMN but in preventing hepatic cytotoxicity caused by subsequent treatment with DMN. These results indicate that OSM is a key mediator for proliferation and anti-apoptosis of hepatocytes and suggest that osm gene therapy is useful, as preventive and curative means, for the treatment of patients with liver damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuhiro Hamada
- Department of Pathology, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1, Mukogawa, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8501, Japan
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Smyth DC, Kerr C, Richards CD. Oncostatin M-Induced IL-6 Expression in Murine Fibroblasts Requires the Activation of Protein Kinase Cδ. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2006; 177:8740-7. [PMID: 17142776 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.177.12.8740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Oncostatin M (OSM) is an IL-6/LIF cytokine family member whose role has been identified in a range of biological activities in vitro, including up-regulation of inflammatory gene expression and regulation of connective tissue metabolism. However, the mechanisms through which OSM regulates cellular responses are not completely understood. In this study, we show that activation of the calcium-independent or novel protein kinase C (PKC) isoform PKCdelta is a critical event during OSM-mediated up-regulation of IL-6 expression in murine fibroblasts. The pan-PKC inhibitor GF109203X (bisindolylmaleimide I) reduced secretion of IL-6; however, use of Go6976, an inhibitor of calcium-dependent PKC enzymes, did not. The PKCdelta-selective inhibitory compound rottlerin abrogated expression of IL-6 transcript and protein, but only reduced PKCdelta activity when used at higher concentrations as determined by kinase activity assay, suggesting rottlerin may inhibit IL-6 expression in a PKCdelta-independent manner. However, silencing of PKCdelta protein expression, but not the related novel isoform PKCepsilon, by use of RNA interference (i.e., small interfering RNA) demonstrated that PKCdelta is required for murine OSM (mOSM) induction of IL-6 protein secretion. Furthermore, inhibition of PI3K by use of LY294002 reduces expression of IL-6 at both the mRNA and protein level in murine fibroblasts, and we suggest that PI3K is required for activation of PKCdelta. Knockdown of phosphoinositide-dependent kinases PDK-1 or Akt1 using small interfering RNA strategies did not influence mOSM-induced IL-6 expression, suggesting mOSM uses a PI3K-PKCdelta pathway of activation independent of these kinases. Our findings illustrate a novel signaling network used by mOSM that may be important for its mediation of inflammatory processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C Smyth
- Centre for Gene Therapeutics, Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, 1200 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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13
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Fedorova E, Battini L, Prakash-Cheng A, Marras D, Gusella GL. Lentiviral gene delivery to CNS by spinal intrathecal administration to neonatal mice. J Gene Med 2006; 8:414-24. [PMID: 16389638 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Direct injection of lentivectors into the central nervous system (CNS) mostly results in localized parenchymal transgene expression. Intrathecal gene delivery into the spinal canal may produce a wider dissemination of the transgene and allow diffusion of secreted transgenic proteins throughout the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Herein, we analyze the distribution and expression of LacZ and SEAP transgenes following the intrathecal delivery of lentivectors into the spinal canal. METHODS Four weeks after intrathecal injection into the spinal canal of newborn mice, the expression of the LacZ gene was assessed by histochemical staining and by in situ polymer chain reaction (PCR). Following the spinal infusion of a lentivector carrying the SEAP gene, levels of enzymatically active SEAP were measured in the CSF, blood serum, and in brain extracts. RESULTS Intrathecal spinal canal delivery of lentivectors to newborn mice resulted in patchy, widely scattered areas of beta-gal expression mostly in the meninges. The transduction of the meningeal cells was confirmed by in situ PCR. Following the spinal infusion of a lentivector carrying the SEAP gene, sustained presence of the reporter protein was detected in the CSF, as well as in blood serum, and brain extracts. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that intrathecal injections of lentivectors can provide significant levels of transgene expression in the meninges. Unlike intracerebral injections of lentivectors, intrathecal gene delivery through the spinal canal appears to produce a wider diffusion of the transgene. This approach is less invasive and may be useful to address those neurological diseases that benefit from the ectopic expression of soluble factors impermeable to the blood-brain barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Fedorova
- Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA
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14
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Nakamura K, Nonaka H, Saito H, Tanaka M, Miyajima A. Hepatocyte proliferation and tissue remodeling is impaired after liver injury in oncostatin M receptor knockout mice. Hepatology 2004; 39:635-44. [PMID: 14999682 DOI: 10.1002/hep.20086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Oncostatin M (OSM) is a member of the IL-6 family of cytokines. Mice deficient in the OSM receptor (OSMR(-/-)) showed impaired liver regeneration with persistent parenchymal necrosis after carbon tetrachloride (CCl(4)) exposure. The recovery of liver mass from partial hepatectomy was also significantly delayed in OSMR(-/-) mice. In contrast to wildtype mice, CCl(4) administration only marginally induced expression of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1 and TIMP-2 genes in OSMR(-/-) mice, correlating with the increased gelatinase activity of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 and matrix degradation in injured livers. The activation of STAT3 and expression of immediate early genes and cyclins were decreased in OSMR(-/-) liver, indicating that OSM signaling is required for hepatocyte proliferation and tissue remodeling during liver regeneration. We also found that CCl(4) administration in IL-6(-/-) mice failed to induce OSM expression and that OSM administration in IL-6(-/-) mice after CCl(4) injection induced the expression of cyclin D1 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen, suggesting that OSM is a key mediator of IL-6 in liver regeneration. Consistent with these results, administration of OSM ameliorated liver injury in wildtype mice by preventing hepatocyte apoptosis as well as tissue destruction. In conclusion, OSM and its signaling pathway may provide a useful therapeutic target for liver regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Nakamura
- Stem Cell Regulation Project, Kanagawa Academy of Science and Technology (KAST), Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
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15
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Hui W, Rowan AD, Richards CD, Cawston TE. Oncostatin M in combination with tumor necrosis factor ? induces cartilage damage and matrix metalloproteinase expression in vitro and in vivo. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003; 48:3404-18. [PMID: 14673992 DOI: 10.1002/art.11333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the effects of the proinflammatory cytokine combination of oncostatin M (OSM) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) on cartilage destruction in both in vitro and in vivo model systems. METHODS The release of collagen and proteoglycan was assessed in bovine cartilage explant cultures, while messenger RNA (mRNA) from bovine chondrocytes was analyzed by Northern blotting. Immunohistochemistry was performed on sections prepared from murine joints following injection of adenovirus vectors encoding murine OSM and/or murine TNFalpha. RESULTS The combination of OSM + TNFalpha induced significant collagen release from bovine cartilage, accompanied by high levels of active collagenolytic activity. Northern blot analysis indicated that this cytokine combination synergistically induced matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MMP-1), MMP-3, and MMP-13 mRNA. The in vivo data clearly indicated that OSM + TNFalpha overexpression increased MMP levels and decreased levels of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 1 (TIMP-1). Specifically, OSM + TNFalpha induced marked synovial hyperplasia, inflammation, and cartilage and bone destruction with a concomitant increase in MMP expression in both cartilage and synovium and decreased TIMP-1 expression in the articular cartilage. These effects were markedly greater than those seen with either cytokine alone. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that OSM + TNFalpha represents a potent proinflammatory cytokine combination that markedly induces MMP production in both cartilage and synovium, thus promoting joint destruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Hui
- School of Clinical Medical Sciences, University of Newcastle, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
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16
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O'Hara KA, Kedda MA, Thompson PJ, Knight DA. Oncostatin M: an interleukin-6-like cytokine relevant to airway remodelling and the pathogenesis of asthma. Clin Exp Allergy 2003; 33:1026-32. [PMID: 12911774 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2222.2003.01714.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- K A O'Hara
- Asthma and Allergy Research Institute Inc., QE II Medical Centre, Nedlands, Western Australia Western Australian.
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17
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de Hooge ASK, van de Loo FAJ, Bennink MB, Arntz OJ, Fiselier TJW, Franssen MJAM, Joosten LAB, Van Lent PLEM, Richards CD, van den Berg WB. Growth plate damage, a feature of juvenile idiopathic arthritis, can be induced by adenoviral gene transfer of oncostatin M: a comparative study in gene-deficient mice. ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM 2003; 48:1750-61. [PMID: 12794844 DOI: 10.1002/art.10972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the involvement of proinflammatory and destructive mediators in oncostatin M (OSM)-induced joint pathology, using gene-deficient mice. METHODS An adenoviral vector expressing murine OSM was injected into the joints of naive wild-type mice and mice deficient for interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-6, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha), or inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was used to study gene expression. Inflammation and cartilage proteoglycan (PG) depletion were assessed by histology. OSM and IL-1 levels in synovial fluid from patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS Adenoviral expression of murine OSM led to joint inflammation, bone apposition, chondrophyte formation, articular cartilage PG depletion, and VDIPEN neoepitope expression in wild-type mice. A unique and consistent observation was the focal PG depletion and disorganization of the growth plate cartilage during the first week of inflammation. Synovial IL-1beta, IL-6, TNFalpha, and iNOS gene expression was strongly induced. Of these factors, only deficiency in IL-1 markedly reduced inflammation and PG depletion and completely prevented growth plate damage. In addition, this is the first study in which OSM was detected in JIA synovial fluid. Most samples were also IL-1beta positive. CONCLUSION IL-1, but not IL-6, TNFalpha, or iNOS, plays an important role in joint disease induced by intraarticular gene transfer of OSM in mice. The effect of OSM on murine connective tissue and the presence of OSM in human synovial fluid make involvement of OSM in human arthropathies very likely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfons S K de Hooge
- Rheumatology Research Laboratory, University Medical Center Nijmegen, Nijmegen Center for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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18
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Rowan AD, Hui W, Cawston TE, Richards CD. Adenoviral gene transfer of interleukin-1 in combination with oncostatin M induces significant joint damage in a murine model. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2003; 162:1975-84. [PMID: 12759253 PMCID: PMC1868119 DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9440(10)64330-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Oncostatin M (OSM) is an interleukin (IL)-6 family cytokine that we have previously shown can synergize with a number of proinflammatory cytokines to promote the release of collagen from cartilage in explant culture. However, the effects of this potent cytokine combination in vivo are not known. Using adenoviral gene transfer, we have overexpressed murine IL-1 (AdmIL-1) and murine OSM (AdmOSM) intraarticularly in the knees of C57BL/6 mice. Histological analyses indicated marked synovial hyperplasia and inflammatory cell infiltration for both AdmIL-1 and AdmOSM but not in control joints. This inflammation was even more pronounced for the AdmIL-1+AdmOSM combination with evidence of cartilage and bone destruction. Significant loss of both proteoglycan and collagen was also seen for this combination, and immunohistochemistry revealed an increased expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) with decreased tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) in both articular cartilage and synovium. Similar expression profiles for MMPs/TIMPs were found in IL-1+OSM-stimulated human articular chondrocytes. Taken together, these data confirm that, in vivo, OSM can exacerbate the effects of IL-1 resulting in inflammation and tissue destruction characteristic of that seen in rheumatoid arthritis. We provide further evidence to implicate the up-regulation of MMPs as a key factor in joint pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D Rowan
- Department of Rheumatology, the School of Clinical Medical Sciences, The Medical School, University of Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.
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19
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Sanchez AL, Langdon CM, Akhtar M, Lu J, Richards CD, Bercik P, McKay DM. Adenoviral transfer of the murine oncostatin M gene suppresses dextran-sodium sulfate-induced colitis. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2003; 23:193-201. [PMID: 12856331 DOI: 10.1089/107999003765027393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of biologics has promising potential in the treatment of inflammation. Studies with cultured cells and mouse models of disease have ascribed proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory functions to oncostatin M (OSM) and the related cytokine, interleukin-6 (IL-6). Here, we examined the effect of systemic administration of adenoviral (Ad) vectors encoding either murine OSM (AdMuOSM) or murine IL-6 (AdMuIL-6) in a mouse model of colitis. BALB/c mice were treated with a 5-day course of 4% dextran-sodium sulfate (DSS) water with or without administration of adenoviral vectors (i.p. or i.m. at 10(7) plaque-forming units [pfu]) given as a cotreatment or therapy. The deletion variant of the adenovirus served as a control for adenoviral infection. Colitis was assessed by (1) morphology (damage score, macrophage infiltration, apoptosis) and (2) function (myeloperoxidase activity and Ussing chamber analysis of epithelial ion transport). Infection with adenovirus alone did not affect colonic form or function. AdMuOSM (either i.p. or i.m.) significantly reduced the severity of the DSS-induced colitis. There was less damage, reduced macrophage infiltration, fewer apoptotic bodies, and a significant improvement in stimulated ion transport in colonic tissues from the treated mice. No benefit of AdMuIL-6 treatment was observed in this model system. Thus, systemic administration of AdMuOSM given as a cotreatment and to a lesser extent as a therapy was found to be of benefit in DSS-induced colitis, a murine model of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana L Sanchez
- Intestinal Disease Research Programme, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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20
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Zhang F, Li C, Halfter H, Liu J. Delineating an oncostatin M-activated STAT3 signaling pathway that coordinates the expression of genes involved in cell cycle regulation and extracellular matrix deposition of MCF-7 cells. Oncogene 2003; 22:894-905. [PMID: 12584569 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1206158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A number of studies have demonstrated that the STAT pathway is an important signaling cascade utilized by the IL-6 cytokine family to regulate a variety of cell functions. However, the downstream target genes of STAT activation that mediate the cytokine-induced cellular responses are largely uncharacterized. The aims of the current study are to determine whether the STAT signaling pathway is critically involved in the oncostatin M (OM)-induced growth inhibition and morphological changes of MCF-7 cells and to identify STAT3-target genes that are utilized by OM to regulate cell growth and morphology. We show that expression of a dominant negative (DN) mutant of STAT3 in MCF-7 cells completely eliminated the antiproliferative activity of OM, whereas expression of DN STAT1 had no effect. The growth inhibition of breast cancer cells was achieved through a concerted action of OM on cell cycle components. We have identified four cell cycle regulators including c-myc, cyclin D1, c/EBPdelta, and p53 as downstream effectors of the OM-activated STAT3 signaling cascade. The expression of these genes is differentially regulated by OM in MCF-7 cells, but is unaffected by OM in MCF-7-dnStat3 stable clones. We also demonstrate that the OM-induced morphological changes are correlated with increased cell motility in a STAT3-dependent manner. Expression analysis of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins leads to the identification of fibronectin as a novel OM-regulated ECM component. Our studies further reveal that STAT3 plays a key role in the robust induction of fibronectin expression by OM in MCF-7 and T47D cells. These new findings provide a molecular basis for the mechanistic understanding of the effects of OM on cell growth and migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Zhang
- Department of Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, CA 94304, USA
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21
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Langdon C, Kerr C, Tong L, Richards CD. Oncostatin M regulates eotaxin expression in fibroblasts and eosinophilic inflammation in C57BL/6 mice. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2003; 170:548-55. [PMID: 12496442 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.170.1.548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Oncostatin M (OSM) is a member of the IL-6/LIF (or gp130) cytokine family, and its potential role in inflammation is supported by a number of activities identified in vitro. In this study, we investigate the action of murine OSM on expression of the CC chemokine eotaxin by fibroblasts in vitro and on mouse lung tissue in vivo. Recombinant murine OSM stimulated eotaxin protein production and mRNA levels in the NIH 3T3 fibroblast cell line. IL-6 could regulate a small induction of eotaxin in NIH 3T3 cells, but other IL-6/LIF cytokines (LIF, cardiotrophin-1 (CT-1)) had no effect. Cell signaling studies showed that murine OSM, LIF, IL-6, and CT-1 stimulated the tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT-3, suggesting STAT-3 activation is not sufficient for eotaxin induction in NIH 3T3 cells. OSM induced ERK-1,2 and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphorylation in NIH 3T3 cells, and inhibitors of ERK (PD98059) or p38 (SB203580) could partially reduce OSM-induced eotaxin production, suggesting partial dependence on mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling. OSM (but not LIF, IL-6, or CT-1) also induced eotaxin release by mouse lung fibroblast cultures derived from C57BL/6 mice. Overexpression of murine OSM in lungs of C57BL/6 mice using an adenovirus vector encoding murine OSM resulted in a vigorous inflammatory response by day 7 after intranasal administration, including marked extracellular matrix accumulation and eosinophil infiltration. Elevated levels of eotaxin mRNA in whole lung were detected at days 4 and 5. These data strongly support a role of OSM in lung inflammatory responses that involve eosinophil infiltration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carrie Langdon
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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22
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de Hooge ASK, van de Loo FAJ, Bennink MB, de Jong DS, Arntz OJ, Lubberts E, Richards CD, vandDen Berg WB. Adenoviral transfer of murine oncostatin M elicits periosteal bone apposition in knee joints of mice, despite synovial inflammation and up-regulated expression of interleukin-6 and receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2002; 160:1733-43. [PMID: 12000725 PMCID: PMC1850853 DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9440(10)61120-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Oncostatin M (OSM) has been described as a bone-remodeling factor either stimulating osteoblast activity or osteoclast formation in vitro. To elucidate the in vivo effect of OSM on bone remodeling, we injected an adenoviral vector encoding murine OSM in knee joints of mice. OSM strongly induced interleukin (IL)-6 gene expression, a known mediator of osteoclast development. We investigated the OSM effect in wild-type and IL-6-deficient mice and found a similar degree of OSM-induced joint inflammation. Within the first week of inflammation, the periosteum along the femur and tibia increased in cell number and stained positive for the osteoblast marker alkaline phosphatase. At these sites bone apposition occurred in both strains as demonstrated by Goldner and Von Kossa staining. In vitro OSM enhanced the effect of bone morphogenetic protein-2 on osteoblast differentiation. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated expression of receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand (RANKL) and its receptor, receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B (RANK), in the periosteum but osteoclasts were not detected at sites of bone apposition. Induced mRNA expression for the receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand inhibitor osteoprotegerin probably controlled osteoclast development during OSM overexpression. Our results show that OSM favors bone apposition at periosteal sites instead of resorption in vivo. This effect was not dependent on or inhibited by IL-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfons S K de Hooge
- Rheumatology Research Laboratory, University Medical Center Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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Suda T, Chida K, Todate A, Ide K, Asada K, Nakamura Y, Suzuki K, Kuwata H, Nakamura H. Oncostatin M production by human dendritic cells in response to bacterial products. Cytokine 2002; 17:335-40. [PMID: 12061841 DOI: 10.1006/cyto.2002.1023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Oncostatin M (OSM) is a pleiomorphic cytokine that belongs to the IL-6 cytokine family. It is produced by activated T cells and monocytes/macrophages and plays an important role in the process of inflammatory responses. Although dendritic cells (DCs) have been shown to secrete a variety of cytokines, it is not elucidated whether DCs are able to produce OSM. To clarify this, using human DCs derived from peripheral blood cells, we measured the protein levels of OSM in the supernatants of DC cultures by ELISA and examined the expression of OSM mRNA by RT-PCR after stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or fixed Staphylococcus aureus (SACS). Upon stimulation with bacterial products, DCs secreted a large amount of OSM protein in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Concomitantly, the expression of OSM mRNA by DCs was markedly up-regulated. Compared the ability of DCs to produce OSM with that of monocytes, which are major producers of OSM, DCs released significantly higher amounts of OSM protein in the culture supernatants than monocytes. These findings indicate for the first time that human monocyte-derived DCs can synthesize and secrete large amounts of OSM in response to bacterial products, suggesting that OSM produced by DCs at infectious sites may play a role in modulating inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takafumi Suda
- 2nd Division of Internal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan.
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Grenier A, Combaux D, Chastre J, Gougerot-Pocidalo MA, Gibert C, Dehoux M, Chollet-Martin S. Oncostatin M production by blood and alveolar neutrophils during acute lung injury. J Transl Med 2001; 81:133-41. [PMID: 11232634 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.3780220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) are involved in the pathogenesis of acute lung injury (ALI), secreting numerous mediators such as proteases, reactive oxygen species, and cytokines. Because we had recently observed the ability of normal human PMN to degranulate and synthesize oncostatin M (OSM), an IL-6-family cytokine, we quantified OSM production ex vivo by highly purified blood and alveolar PMN from 24 ventilated patients with ALI, including some patients with severe pneumonia. Most of the patients had no detectable OSM in plasma, and OSM production by cultured blood PMN was similar to that of healthy controls. However, OSM was present in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid supernatant, with significantly higher levels during pneumonia. In addition, alveolar OSM levels correlated with the number of PMN obtained by BAL, suggesting that PMN are an important source of OSM within the alveoli. Indeed, purified alveolar PMN from all of the patients, especially those with pneumonia, strongly produced OSM. Interestingly, in the latter patients, alveolar PMN always produced more OSM than autologous blood PMN. These results document the functional duality of PMN in ALI by showing the participation of PMN in the modulation of lung inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Grenier
- Service de Biochimie, CHI Le Raincy-Montfermeil, France
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25
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Langdon C, Kerr C, Hassen M, Hara T, Arsenault AL, Richards CD. Murine oncostatin M stimulates mouse synovial fibroblasts in vitro and induces inflammation and destruction in mouse joints in vivo. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2000; 157:1187-96. [PMID: 11021823 PMCID: PMC1850181 DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9440(10)64634-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/30/2000] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Oncostatin M (OSM) is a multifunctional cytokine, a member of the interleukin-6/leukemia inhibitory factor (IL-6/LIF) family, that can regulate a number of connective-tissue cell types in vitro including cartilage and synovial tissue-derived fibroblasts, however its role in joint inflammation in vivo is not clear. We have analyzed murine OSM (muOSM) activity in vitro and in vivo in mouse joint tissue, to determine the potential role of this cytokine in local joint inflammation and pathology. The effects of muOSM and other IL-6/LIF cytokines on mouse synovial fibroblast cultures were assessed in vitro and showed induction of monocyte chemotactic protein-1, interleukin-6, and tissue inhibitor metalloproteinase-1, as well as enhancement of colony growth in soft agarose culture. Other IL-6/LIF cytokines including IL-6, LIF, or cardiotrophin-1, did not have such effects when tested at relatively high concentrations (20 ng/ml). To assess effects of muOSM in articular joints in vivo, we used recombinant adenovirus expressing muOSM cDNA (AdmuOSM) and injected purified recombinant virus (10(6) to 10(8) pfu) intra-articularly into the knees of various mouse strains. Histological analysis revealed dramatic alterations in the synovium but not in synovium of knees treated with the control virus Ad-dl70 or knees treated with Adm-IL-6 encoding biologically active murine IL-6. AdmuOSM effects were characterized by increases in the synovial cell proliferation, infiltration of mononuclear cells, and increases in extracellular matrix deposition that were evident at day 4, but much more marked at days 7, 14, and 21 after administration. The synovium took on characteristics similar to pannus and appeared to contact and invade cartilage. Collectively, these results provide good evidence that OSM regulates synovial fibroblast function differently than other IL-6-type cytokines, and can induce a proliferative invasive phenotype of synovium in vivo in mice on overexpression. We suggest that OSM may contribute to pathology in arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Langdon
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Rhodes A, Deakin A, Spaull J, Coomber B, Aitken A, Life P, Rees S. The generation and characterization of antagonist RNA aptamers to human oncostatin M. J Biol Chem 2000; 275:28555-61. [PMID: 10882721 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m002981200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Oncostatin M (OSM) is a multifunctional member of the interleukin-6 cytokine family. OSM has been implicated as a powerful proinflammatory mediator and may represent a potentially important, novel therapeutic opportunity for treatment of established rheumatoid arthritis. To further investigate the role of OSM in inflammatory disorders, we have isolated a series of RNA aptamers that bind specifically to human OSM. The highest affinity aptamer, designated ADR58, has been characterized in a series of in vitro and cell based assays. ADR58 has an affinity of 7 nm for human OSM, and it can antagonize OSM binding to the gp130 receptor and specifically antagonize OSM mediated signaling. The aptamer has been truncated in length to 33 bases, all pyrimidine positions are substituted with 2' fluorine, and 14 of 18 purine positions have been substituted with 2' O-methyl to increase stability toward nucleases. This truncated, modified form of ADR58 retains complete affinity and functional activity for OSM. This aptamer may be used as a tool to further investigate the role of OSM in inflammatory disorders and may also have role as a therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Rhodes
- Molecular Discovery Department, Glaxo Wellcome Research and Development, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, UK.
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Deller MC, Hudson KR, Ikemizu S, Bravo J, Jones EY, Heath JK. Crystal structure and functional dissection of the cytostatic cytokine oncostatin M. Structure 2000; 8:863-74. [PMID: 10997905 DOI: 10.1016/s0969-2126(00)00176-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The cytokine oncostatin M (OSM) inhibits growth of certain tumour-derived cells, induces proliferation in other cell types (e.g. haemangioblasts) and is a mediator of inflammatory responses. Its mechanism of action is via specific binding to gp130 and either the leukaemia inhibitory factor receptor (LIFR) or oncostatin M receptor (OSMR) systems at the cell surface to form an active signalling complex. RESULTS We report here the crystal structure of human oncostatin M (hOSM) along with mutagenesis data which map the receptor-binding epitopes of the molecule. The structure was determined to a resolution of 2.2 A and conforms to the haematopoietin cytokine up-up-down-down four-helix bundle topology. The site 2 epitope, responsible for gp130 binding, is centred around Gly120 which forms a 'dimple' on the surface of the molecule located on helices A and C. The site 3 motif, responsible for LIFR and OSMR binding, consists of a protruding Phe160/Lys163 pair located at the start of helix D. CONCLUSIONS The data presented allow functional dissection of the receptor-binding interfaces to atomic resolution. Modelling suggests that the gp130 residue Phe169 packs into the site 2 dimple in an analogous fashion to structurally equivalent residues at the growth hormone-growth hormone receptor interface, implying that certain key features may underlie recognition across the whole cytokine/receptor superfamily. Conversely, detailed comparison of the available structures suggests that variations on a common theme dictate the specificity of receptor-ligand interactions within the gp130 family of cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Deller
- Division of Structural Biology, The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, UK
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Baumann H, Wang Y, Richards CD, Jones CA, Black TA, Gross KW. Endotoxin-induced renal inflammatory response. Oncostatin M as a major mediator of suppressed renin expression. J Biol Chem 2000; 275:22014-9. [PMID: 10806209 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m002830200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The systemic response to endotoxin is characterized by hypotension and severe reductions in blood pressure, leading to cardiovascular collapse that can accompany septicemia. The renin/angiotensin system would normally be expected to respond to hypotensive challenge; however, inflammation appears to modify this response. This study identifies a strong acute phase response of the kidney that is characterized by enhanced expression of serum amyloid A, haptoglobin and tissue inhibitor for metalloproteinase-1 and a reduced expression of renin. Equivalent regulatory effects were observed for the immortalized As4.1 kidney cell line that models certain features of juxtaglomerular cells. Oncostatin M, a known endotoxin-responsive proinflammatory cytokine, proved to be an effective inhibitor of renin gene expression. Suppression by oncostatin M involves activated STAT5 and requires an inhibitory element in the renin promoter that functions separately from cell type-specific enhancer elements. The renal acute phase reaction, unlike the liver acute phase reaction, is more strongly dependent on locally produced inflammatory factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Baumann
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York 14263, USA.
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