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Zhang L, Bai Y, Tao J, Yang S, Tu C, Liu L, Huang X, Li L, Qin Z. Effects of feeding chicken egg yolk antibodies on intestinal cell apoptosis, oxidative stress and microbial flora of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) infected with Streptococcus agalactiae. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 150:109596. [PMID: 38692380 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Streptococcosis, the most common bacterial disease of fish in recent years, is highly infectious and lethal, and has become an important factor hindering the healthy and sustainable development of aquaculture. Chicken egg yolk antibody (IgY) has the advantages of high antigen specificity, inexpensive and easy to obtain, simple preparation, no toxic side effects, and in line with animal welfare, which is a green and safe alternative to antibiotics. In this study, the potential of specific IgY in the treatment of gastrointestinal pathogens was explored by observing the effects of specific IgY on intestinal flora, pathological tissue, apoptosis, oxidative stress, and inflammatory response of tilapia. We used the specific IgY prepared in the early stage to feed tilapia for 10 days, and then the tilapia was challenged with Streptococcus agalactiae. The results showed that feeding IgY before challenge had a small effect on the intestinal flora, and after challenge specific IgY decreased the proportion of Streptococcus and increased the diversity of the intestinal flora; in histopathology, specific IgY decreased tissue damage and maintained the integrity of tissue structure. Further study found that specific IgY can reduce intestinal epithelial cell apoptosis and reduce caspase activity; at the same time, the content of MDA was decreased, and the activities of SOD, CAT, GSH-Px and GR were increased. In addition, specific IgY can down-regulate the expression levels of IL-8 and TNF-α genes and up-regulate the expression levels of IL-10 and TGF-β. The results of this study showed that specific IgY could improve the intestinal flora of tilapia infected with Streptococcus agalactiae, reduce intestinal cell apoptosis, oxidative stress injury and inflammatory response, thereby reducing tissue damage and protecting the health of tilapia. Overall, specific IgY can be further explored as a potential antibiotic alternative for gastrointestinal pathogen infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linpeng Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Water Environment and Aquatic Products Security Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Waterfowl Breeding, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510225, China
| | - Yanhan Bai
- Guangdong Provincial Water Environment and Aquatic Products Security Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Waterfowl Breeding, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510225, China
| | - Junjie Tao
- Guangdong Provincial Water Environment and Aquatic Products Security Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Waterfowl Breeding, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510225, China
| | - Shiyi Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Water Environment and Aquatic Products Security Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Waterfowl Breeding, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510225, China
| | - Chengming Tu
- Guangdong Provincial Water Environment and Aquatic Products Security Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Waterfowl Breeding, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510225, China
| | - Lihan Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Water Environment and Aquatic Products Security Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Waterfowl Breeding, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510225, China
| | - Xiaoman Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Water Environment and Aquatic Products Security Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Waterfowl Breeding, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510225, China
| | - Lin Li
- Guangdong Provincial Water Environment and Aquatic Products Security Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Waterfowl Breeding, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510225, China.
| | - Zhendong Qin
- Guangdong Provincial Water Environment and Aquatic Products Security Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Waterfowl Breeding, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510225, China.
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Lee CH, Wu CJ, Yang YY, Wang WC, Leu SJ, Wu CT, Kao PS, Liu KJ, Tsai BY, Chiang YW, Mao YC, Benedict Dlamini N, Chang J. Characterization of chicken-derived antibody against Alpha-Enolase of Streptococcus pneumoniae. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 128:111476. [PMID: 38185035 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.111476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae is a clinically relevant pathogen notorious for causing pneumonia, meningitis, and otitis media in immunocompromised patients. Currently, antibiotic therapy is the most efficient treatment for fighting pneumococcal infections. However, an arise in antimicrobial resistance in S. pneumoniae has become a serious health issue globally. To resolve the problem, alternative and cost-effective strategies, such as monoclonal antibody-based targeted therapy, are needed for combating bacterial infection. S. pneumoniae alpha-enolase (spEno1), which is thought to be a great target, is a surface protein that binds and converts human plasminogen to plasmin, leading to accelerated bacterial infections. We first purified recombinant spEno1 protein for chicken immunization to generate specific IgY antibodies. We next constructed two single-chain variable fragments (scFv) antibody libraries by phage display technology, containing 7.2 × 107 and 4.8 × 107 transformants. After bio-panning, ten scFv antibodies were obtained, and their binding activities to spEno1 were evaluated on ELISA, Western blot and IFA. The epitopes of spEno1 were identified by these scFv antibodies, which binding affinities were determined by competitive ELISA. Moreover, inhibition assay displayed that the scFv antibodies effectively inhibit the binding between spEno1 and human plasminogen. Overall, the results suggested that these scFv antibodies have the potential to serve as an immunotherapeutic drug against S. pneumoniae infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Hsin Lee
- School of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110301, Taiwan; Ph.D. Program in Medical Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110301, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Jung Wu
- School of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110301, Taiwan; Ph.D. Program in Medical Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110301, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Yuan Yang
- School of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110301, Taiwan; Ph.D. Program in Medical Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110301, Taiwan; Core Laboratory of Antibody Generation and Research, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110301, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chu Wang
- Ph.D. Program in Medical Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110301, Taiwan
| | - Sy-Jye Leu
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110301, Taiwan; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110301, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Tsang Wu
- School of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110301, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Shih Kao
- School of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110301, Taiwan
| | - Ko-Jiunn Liu
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan 70456, Taiwan
| | - Bor-Yu Tsai
- Navi Bio-Therapeutics Inc., Taipei 10351, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Wei Chiang
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112201, Taiwan
| | - Yan-Chiao Mao
- Division of Clinical Toxicology, Department of Emergency Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 407219, Taiwan
| | - Nhlanhla Benedict Dlamini
- Ph.D. Program in Medical Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110301, Taiwan
| | - Jungshan Chang
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110301, Taiwan; International Master/Ph.D. Program in Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; International Ph.D. Program for Cell Therapy and Regeneration Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
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Pacheco BLB, Nogueira CP, Venancio EJ. IgY Antibodies from Birds: A Review on Affinity and Avidity. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3130. [PMID: 37835736 PMCID: PMC10571861 DOI: 10.3390/ani13193130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
IgY antibodies are found in the blood and yolk of eggs. Several studies show the feasibility of utilising IgY for immunotherapy and immunodiagnosis. These antibodies have been studied because they fulfil the current needs for reducing, replacing, and improving the use of animals. Affinity and avidity represent the strength of the antigen-antibody interaction and directly influence antibody action. The aim of this review was to examine the factors that influence the affinity and avidity of IgY antibodies and the methodologies used to determine these variables. In birds, there are few studies on the maturation of antibody affinity and avidity, and these studies suggest that the use of an adjuvant-type of antigen, the animal lineage, the number of immunisations, and the time interfered with the affinity and avidity of IgY antibodies. Regarding the methodologies, most studies use chaotropic agents to determine the avidity index. Studies involving the solution phase and equilibrium titration reactions are also described. These results demonstrate the need for the standardisation of methodologies for the determination of affinity and avidity so that further studies can be performed to optimise the production of high avidity IgY antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Camila Parada Nogueira
- Scientific Initiation Programme, Animal Science Course, State University of Londrina, Londrina 86038-350, Brazil;
| | - Emerson José Venancio
- Department of Pathological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina 86038-350, Brazil
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Tondini SM, Mackie RI, McCann JC. Polyclonal antibodies inhibit growth of key cellulolytic rumen bacterial species. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1196492. [PMID: 37408639 PMCID: PMC10318403 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1196492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibodies targeting specific bacterial species could allow for modification of the rumen microbial population to enhance rumen fermentation. However, there is limited knowledge of targeted antibody effects on rumen bacteria. Therefore, our objective was to develop efficacious polyclonal antibodies to inhibit the growth of targeted cellulolytic bacteria from the rumen. Egg-derived, polyclonal antibodies were developed against pure cultures of Ruminococcus albus 7 (anti-RA7), Ruminococcus albus 8 (anti-RA8), and Fibrobacter succinogenes S85 (anti-FS85). Antibodies were added to a cellobiose-containing growth medium for each of the three targeted species. Antibody efficacy was determined via inoculation time (0 h and 4 h) and dose response. Antibody doses included: 0 (CON), 1.3 × 10-4 (LO), 0.013 (MD), and 1.3 (HI) mg antibody per ml of medium. Each targeted species inoculated at 0 h with HI of their respective antibody had decreased (P < 0.01) final optical density and total acetate concentration after a 52 h growth period when compared with CON or LO. Live/dead stains of R. albus 7 and F. succinogenes S85 dosed at 0 h with HI of their respective antibody indicated a decrease (≥ 96%; P < 0.05) in live bacterial cells during the mid-log phase compared with CON or LO. Addition of HI of anti-FS85 at 0 h in F. succinogenes S85 cultures reduced (P < 0.01) total substrate disappearance over 52 h by at least 48% when compared with CON or LO. Cross-reactivity was assessed by adding HI at 0 h to non-targeted bacterial species. Addition of anti-RA8 or anti-RA7 to F. succinogenes S85 cultures did not affect (P ≥ 0.45) total acetate accumulation after 52 h incubation, indicating that antibodies have less of an inhibitory effect on non-target strains. Addition of anti-FS85 to non-cellulolytic strains did not affect (P ≥ 0.89) OD, substrate disappearance, or total VFA concentrations, providing further evidence of specificity against fiber-degrading bacteria. Western blotting with anti-FS85 indicated selective binding to F. succinogenes S85 proteins. Identification by LC-MS/MS of 8 selected protein spots indicated 7 were outer membrane proteins. Overall, polyclonal antibodies were more efficacious at inhibiting the growth of targeted cellulolytic bacteria than non-targeted bacteria. Validated polyclonal antibodies could serve as an effective approach to modify rumen bacterial populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara M. Tondini
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Roderick I. Mackie
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
- Carle R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Joshua C. McCann
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
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Cheng S, Li H, Luo J, Chi J, Zhao W, Lin J, Xu C. Egg yolk antibody combined with bismuth-based quadruple therapy in Helicobacter pylori infection rescue treatment: a single-center, randomized, controlled study. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1150129. [PMID: 37256061 PMCID: PMC10225724 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1150129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The increasing antibiotic resistance is the main issue causing Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) eradication failure. As a nutritional supplement, Egg Yolk Antibody (Ig Y) provides a new approach for H. pylori infection rescue therapy. Methods In this randomized, controlled study, 100 H. pylori-positive patients with previous H. pylori eradication treatment were included. All individuals received standard bismuth-containing quadruple therapy twice daily (5 mg ilaprazole, 100 mg doxycycline, 500 mg clarithromycin or 1 g amoxicillin or 100 mg furazolidone, and 220 mg colloidal bismuth tartrate) for 14 days and were randomized to receive either twice daily 7 g Ig Y-H. pylori treatment (study group) or not (control group). 4 weeks after the end of treatment, urea breath tests were used to assess the H. pylori eradication rate. All participants scored by the Global Overall Symptom scale (GOS) and recorded adverse events during the trial. Results The H. pylori eradication rates were 84.0% (95% CI 73.5-94.5%) vs. 80.0% (95% CI 68.5-91.5%) in the study and control groups at intention-to-treat (ITT) analysis and 85.7% (95% CI 75.6-95.9%) vs. 80.0% (95% CI 68.5-91.5%) at per-protocol (PP) analysis, respectively. The number of over 80% symptom relief after treatment in the two groups was 27 (60%) and 12 (29.2%) (p < 0.05), and the incidences of adverse events were 4 (8%) and 6 (12%), respectively. Conclusion Both groups achieved satisfactory eradication efficiency in H. pylori rescue therapy and Ig Y-H. pylori effectively alleviates the symptoms with good compliance and fewer adverse effects.
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Liu GX, Tu ZC, Wang H, Hu Y, Yang WH. Co-60 gamma irradiation induced ovalbumin-glucose glycation and allergenicity reduction revealed by high-resolution mass spectrometry and ELISA assay. Food Chem 2023; 399:134013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.134013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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7
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Kopec M, Abramczyk H. Analysis of eggs depending on the hens' breeding systems by Raman spectroscopy. Food Control 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2022.109178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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El-Sabrout K, Aggag S, Mishra B. Advanced Practical Strategies to Enhance Table Egg Production. SCIENTIFICA 2022; 2022:1393392. [PMID: 36349300 PMCID: PMC9637464 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1393392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The global demand for table eggs has increased exponentially due to the growing human population. To meet this demand, major advances in hen genetics, nutrition, and husbandry procedures are required. Developing cost-effective and practically applicable strategies to improve egg production and quality is necessary for the development of egg industry worldwide. Consumers have shown a strong desire regarding the improvement of hens' welfare and egg quality. They also become interested in functional and designer foods. Modifications in the nutritional composition of laying hen diets significantly impact egg nutritional composition and quality preservation. According to previous scientific research, enriched egg products can benefit human health. However, producers are facing a serious challenge in optimizing breeding, housing, and dietary strategies to ensure hen health and high product quality. This review discussed several practical strategies to increase egg production, quality, and hens' welfare. These practical strategies can potentially be used in layer farms for sustainable egg production. One of these strategies is the transition from conventional to enriched or cage-free production systems, thereby improving bird behavior and welfare. In addition, widely use of plant/herbal substances as dietary supplements in layers' diets positively impacts hens' physiological, productive, reproductive, and immunological performances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim El-Sabrout
- Department of Poultry Production, Faculty of Agriculture (El-Shatby), Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Sarah Aggag
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture (El-Shatby), Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Birendra Mishra
- Department of Human Nutrition Food and Animal Sciences, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 1955 East-West Road, Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA
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Bentes GA, Lanzarini NM, Guimarães JR, Heinemann MB, Volotão EDM, da Silva ADS, Heneine LGD, de Oliveira JM, Pinto MA. Production and Evaluation of Chicken Egg Yolk Immunoglobulin (IgY) against Human and Simian Rotaviruses. Viruses 2022; 14:v14091995. [PMID: 36146801 PMCID: PMC9502344 DOI: 10.3390/v14091995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Producing specific antibodies in chickens is an attractive approach for diagnosis or therapeutic applications. Besides the high immunoglobulin Y (IgY) yield transferred to the egg yolk and its suitability for large-scale production, such an approach is more bioethical for animal maintenance. The IgY technology offers new possibilities for application in human and veterinary diagnostics and therapeutics, including strategies for treating severe intestinal diseases in children, particularly in emerging countries. Herein, we describe the production and purification of polyclonal antibodies against rotavirus group A (RVA) in immunised hens aiming at its application in prophylaxis and treatment of rotavirus-induced diarrhoea. For this purpose, we inoculated Rhodia laying chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus) with two or three doses of RVA combined with adjuvants or only adjuvants (control group). As the egg-laying period began, the yolk protein purification processes yielded a high concentration of specific IgY, the highest titre resulting from the group of hens that received three doses of the immunogen. The purified IgY blocked the functional activity of RVA in MA-104 cells, thus confirming the neutralisation ability. Therefore, anti-RVA IgY could be a promising candidate for pre- and post-exposure prevention or treatment of rotavirus-induced diarrhoea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gentil Arthur Bentes
- Laboratório de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico em Virologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil
- Correspondence: (G.A.B.); (J.M.d.O.)
| | - Natália Maria Lanzarini
- Laboratório de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico em Virologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil
- Laboratório de Virologia Comparada e Ambiental, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Juliana Rodrigues Guimarães
- Laboratório de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico em Virologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Marcos Bryan Heinemann
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-270, Brazil
| | - Eduardo de Mello Volotão
- Laboratório de Virologia Comparada e Ambiental, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Alexandre dos Santos da Silva
- Laboratório de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico em Virologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil
| | | | - Jaqueline Mendes de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico em Virologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil
- Correspondence: (G.A.B.); (J.M.d.O.)
| | - Marcelo Alves Pinto
- Laboratório de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico em Virologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil
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Skrobarczyk JW, Martin CL, Bhatia SS, Pillai SD, Berghman LR. Electron-Beam Inactivation of Human Rotavirus (HRV) for the Production of Neutralizing Egg Yolk Antibodies. Front Immunol 2022; 13:840077. [PMID: 35359996 PMCID: PMC8964080 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.840077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Electron beam (eBeam) inactivation of pathogens is a commercially proven technology in multiple industries. While commonly used in a variety of decontamination processes, this technology can be considered relatively new to the pharmaceutical industry. Rotavirus is the leading cause of severe gastroenteritis among infants, children, and at-risk adults. Infections are more severe in developing countries where access to health care, clean food, and water is limited. Passive immunization using orally administered egg yolk antibodies (chicken IgY) is proven for prophylaxis and therapy of viral diarrhea, owing to the stability of avian IgY in the harsh gut environment. Since preservation of viral antigenicity is critical for successful antibody production, the aim of this study was to demonstrate the effective use of electron beam irradiation as a method of pathogen inactivation to produce rotavirus-specific neutralizing egg yolk antibodies. White leghorn hens were immunized with the eBeam-inactivated viruses every 2 weeks until serum antibody titers peaked. The relative antigenicity of eBeam-inactivated Wa G1P[8] human rotavirus (HRV) was compared to live virus, thermally, and chemically inactivated virus preparations. Using a sandwich ELISA (with antibodies against recombinant VP8 for capture and detection of HRV), the live virus was as expected, most immunoreactive. The eBeam-inactivated HRV’s antigenicity was better preserved when compared to thermally and chemically inactivated viruses. Additionally, both egg yolk antibodies and serum-derived IgY were effective at neutralizing HRV in vitro. Electron beam inactivation is a suitable method for the inactivation of HRV and other enteric viruses for use in both passive and active immunization strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill W. Skrobarczyk
- Department of Poultry Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Cameron L. Martin
- Department of Poultry Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Sohini S. Bhatia
- Department of Poultry Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
- National Center for Electron Beam Research, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Suresh D. Pillai
- National Center for Electron Beam Research, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Luc R. Berghman
- Department of Poultry Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
- *Correspondence: Luc R. Berghman,
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Vlasova AN, Saif LJ. Bovine Immunology: Implications for Dairy Cattle. Front Immunol 2021; 12:643206. [PMID: 34267745 PMCID: PMC8276037 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.643206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The growing world population (7.8 billion) exerts an increased pressure on the cattle industry amongst others. Intensification and expansion of milk and beef production inevitably leads to increased risk of infectious disease spread and exacerbation. This indicates that improved understanding of cattle immune function is needed to provide optimal tools to combat the existing and future pathogens and improve food security. While dairy and beef cattle production is easily the world's most important agricultural industry, there are few current comprehensive reviews of bovine immunobiology. High-yielding dairy cattle and their calves are more vulnerable to various diseases leading to shorter life expectancy and reduced environmental fitness. In this manuscript, we seek to fill this paucity of knowledge and provide an up-to-date overview of immune function in cattle emphasizing the unresolved challenges and most urgent needs in rearing dairy calves. We will also discuss how the combination of available preventative and treatment strategies and herd management practices can maintain optimal health in dairy cows during the transition (periparturient) period and in neonatal calves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia N Vlasova
- Center for Food Animal Health, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Department of Animal Sciences, College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, United States
| | - Linda J Saif
- Center for Food Animal Health, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Department of Animal Sciences, College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, United States
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12
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Passive Immunity and Antibody Response Induced by Toxoplasma gondii VLP Immunization. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9050425. [PMID: 33922808 PMCID: PMC8146287 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9050425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Passive immunity can provide immediate protection against infectious pathogens. To date, only a few studies have investigated the effect of passive immunization against Toxoplasma gondii, and the use of immune sera acquired from VLP-vaccinated mice for passive immunity assessment remains unreported. In this study, immune sera were produced by a single immunization with virus-like particles (VLPs) expressing the inner membrane complex (IMC), rhoptry protein 18 (ROP18), and microneme protein 8 (MIC8) of Toxoplasma gondii, with or without a CpG-ODN adjuvant. The passive immunization of immune sera conferred protection in mice, as indicated by their potent parasite-specific antibody response, lessened brain cyst counts, lower bodyweight loss, and enhanced survival. In order to confirm that the immune sera of the VLP-immunized mice were truly protective, the antibody responses and other immunological parameters were measured in the VLP-immunized mice. We found that VLP immunization induced higher levels of parasite-specific IgG, IgG subclass, and IgM antibody responses in the sera and intestines than in the controls. Enhanced Th1 and Th2-associated cytokines in the spleen, diminished brain cyst counts, and lessened body weight loss were found following T. gondii ME49 challenge infection. These results suggest that passive immunization with the immune sera acquired from VLP-vaccinated mice can confer adequate protection against T. gondii infection.
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Gu L, McClements DJ, Li J, Su Y, Yang Y, Li J. Formulation of alginate/carrageenan microgels to encapsulate, protect and release immunoglobulins: Egg Yolk IgY. Food Hydrocoll 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2020.106349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Towards Zero Zinc Oxide: Feeding Strategies to Manage Post-Weaning Diarrhea in Piglets. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11030642. [PMID: 33670980 PMCID: PMC7997240 DOI: 10.3390/ani11030642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Zinc oxide (ZnO) supplementation at pharmacological doses in post-weaning piglets is a consolidated practice that allows efficient control of post-weaning diarrhea (PWD), a condition exacerbated by Escherichia coli F4 (K88) infections. Far from being completely elucidated, the multifactorial ZnO mechanism of action is in all likelihood exerted at the gastrointestinal level. However, increasing environmental concerns are arising from prolonged ZnO use. This article reviews the utilization of ZnO in piglets, the biological rationale behind its powerful activity, and the emerging threats that are leading towards a significant reduction in its use. Finally, a wide analysis of the strengths and weaknesses of innovative alternative strategies to manage PWD at the nutritional level is given. Abstract Zinc oxide (ZnO) at pharmacological doses is extensively employed in the pig industry as an effective tool to manage post-weaning diarrhea (PWD), a condition that causes huge economic losses because of its impact on the most pivotal phase of a piglet’s production cycle. In a multifactorial way, ZnO exerts a variety of positive effects along the entire gastrointestinal tract by targeting intestinal architecture, digestive secretions, antioxidant systems, and immune cells. ZnO also has a moderate antibacterial effect against Escherichia coli F4 (K88), the main causative agent of PWD. However, the environmental impact of ZnO and new emerging threats are posing serious questions to the sustainability of its extensive utilization. To work towards a future free from pharmacological ZnO, novel nutritional approaches are necessary, and many strategies have been investigated. This review article provides a comprehensive framework for ZnO utilization and its broad mode of action. Moreover, all the risks related to pharmacological ZnO levels are presented; we focus on European institutions’ decisions subsequently. The identification of a novel, complete solution against PWD should be accompanied by the adoption of holistic strategies, thereby combining good management practices to feeding approaches capable of mitigating Escherichia coli F4 (K88) infections and/or lowering ZnO utilization. Promising results can be obtained by adjusting diet composition or employing organic acids, natural identical compounds, polyphenol-rich extracts, prebiotics, and probiotics.
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Maskoep WI, Nasronudin N, Khairunisa S, Sudjarwo SA. The Influence of Anti-Hiv-1 Specific IgY In Inhibiting HIV-1 Infection in Binding Phase with Syncytium Examination of CD4 Receptor Density Using the Flowcytometry Method. FOLIA MEDICA INDONESIANA 2021. [DOI: 10.20473/fmi.v56i4.24636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
HIV/ AIDS infections have increased and spread very quickly in the world, including in Indonesia. The absence of an effective vaccine and the fact that antiretroviral drugs can only suppress the progression of infection but cannot eradicate it lead to the efforts to find materials containing immunoglobulins that can replace the immune system which greatly declines in HIV/ AIDS patients. The successful use of specific IgY in other studies opens up opportunities for the use of anti-HIV-1 specific IgY as passive immunotherapy. This type of research is true experimental research design with post-test only control group design. IgY was obtained from Lohmann Laying hens chicken eggs immunized with the inactivated HIV-1 virus. The concentration of IgY was determined using the Bradford method and then the characterization test was continued using the AGPT, ELISA, SDS-PAGE and Western blot tests which showed anti-HIV-1 specific IgY. The results of the test showed specific anti-HIV-1 IgY was effective in inhibiting the formation of syncytium in HIV-1 infection against CD4+ T lymphocytes in the binding phase (entry stage) in the treatment group p-value 0.000 (p <0.05). The results of CD4 receptor density tests using the Flowcytometry method showed that specific anti-HIV-1 IgY was effective in inhibiting HIV-1 infection against CD4+ T lymphocytes in the binding phase (entry stage) in the treatment group p-value 0.047 (p <0.05).HIV/ AIDS infections have increased and spread very quickly in the world, including in Indonesia. The absence of an effective vaccine and the fact that antiretroviral drugs can only suppress the progression of infection but cannot eradicate it lead to the efforts to find materials containing immunoglobulins that can replace the immune system which greatly declines in HIV/ AIDS patients. The successful use of specific IgY in other studies opens up opportunities for the use of anti-HIV-1 specific IgY as passive immunotherapy. This type of research is true experimental research design with post-test only control group design. IgY was obtained from Lohmann Laying hens chicken eggs immunized with the inactivated HIV-1 virus. The concentration of IgY was determined using the Bradford method and then the characterization test was continued using the AGPT, ELISA, SDS-PAGE and Western blot tests which showed anti-HIV-1 specific IgY. The results of the test showed specific anti-HIV-1 IgY was effective in inhibiting the formation of syncytium in HIV-1 infection against CD4+ T lymphocytes in the binding phase (entry stage) in the treatment group p-value 0.000 (p <0.05). The results of CD4 receptor density tests using the Flowcytometry method showed that specific anti-HIV-1 IgY was effective in inhibiting HIV-1 infection against CD4+ T lymphocytes in the binding phase (entry stage) in the treatment group p-value 0.047 (p <0.05).
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Lee CH, Liu CI, Leu SJ, Lee YC, Chiang JR, Chiang LC, Mao YC, Tsai BY, Hung CS, Chen CC, Yang YY. Chicken antibodies against venom proteins of Trimeresurus stejnegeri in Taiwan. J Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis 2020; 26:e20200056. [PMID: 33281887 PMCID: PMC7682652 DOI: 10.1590/1678-9199-jvatitd-2020-0056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The venom of bamboo vipers (Trimeresurus stejnegeri - TS), commonly found in Taiwan, contains deadly hemotoxins that cause severe envenomation. Equine-derived antivenom is a specific treatment against snakebites, but its production costs are high and there are some inevitable side effects. The aim of the present work is to help in the development of an affordable and more endurable therapeutic strategy for snakebites. METHODS T. stejnegeri venom proteins were inactivated by glutaraldehyde in order to immunize hens for polyclonal immunoglobulin (IgY) antibodies production. After IgY binding assays, two antibody libraries were constructed expressing single-chain variable fragment (scFv) antibodies joined by the short or long linker for use in phage display antibody technology. Four rounds of biopanning were carried out. The selected scFv antibodies were then further tested for their binding activities and neutralization assays to TS proteins. RESULTS Purified IgY from egg yolk showed the specific binding ability to TS proteins. The dimensions of these two libraries contain 2.4 × 107 and 6.8 × 107 antibody clones, respectively. An increase in the titers of eluted phage indicated anti-TS clones remarkably enriched after 2nd panning. The analysis based on the nucleotide sequences of selected scFv clones indicated that seven groups of short linkers and four groups of long linkers were identified. The recombinant scFvs showed significant reactivity to TS venom proteins and a cross-reaction to Trimeresurus mucrosquamatus venom proteins. In in vivo studies, the data demonstrated that anti-TS IgY provided 100% protective effects while combined scFvs augmented partial survival time of mice injected with a lethal amount of TS proteins. CONCLUSION Chickens were excellent hosts for the production of neutralization antibodies at low cost. Phage display technology is available for generation of monoclonal antibodies against snake venom proteins. These antibodies could be applied in the development of diagnostic kits or as an alternative for snakebite envenomation treatment in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Hsin Lee
- School of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Program in Medical Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-I Liu
- School of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Program in Medical Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sy-Jye Leu
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ching Lee
- The Center of Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Ron Chiang
- Center for Research, Diagnostics and Vaccine Development, Centers for Disease Control, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taiwan
| | - Liao-Chun Chiang
- College of Life Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Yan-Chiao Mao
- Division of Clinical Toxicology, Department of Emergency Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | | | - Ching-Sheng Hung
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Ching Chen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Landseed Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Yuan Yang
- School of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Program in Medical Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Core Laboratory of Antibody Generation and Research, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Application of IgY antibodies against staphylococcal protein A (SpA) of Staphylococcus aureus for detection and prophylactic functions. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:9387-9398. [PMID: 32960294 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10912-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, immunoglobulin Y (IgY) antibodies were raised in hens against the surface staphylococcal protein A (SpA) of Staphylococcus aureus. Anti-SpA IgY were tested in vitro for diagnostic applications, bacteriostatic, and biofilm inhibition effects. A specific and sensitive immunocapture PCR (IPCR) was developed to detect S. aureus from food, clinical, and environmental samples. Anti-SpA IgY were used for capturing S. aureus cells from different matrices. Chicken antibodies were chosen over mammalian antibodies based on its inertness to immunoglobulin (Ig)-binding property of SpA protein. No cross-reactivity was encountered with closely related Gram-positive and Gram-negative food pathogens. Inter-assay variation is < 10%. The assay was found suitable for testing on solid and liquid food samples, skin, and nasal swabs. The assay showed limit of detection of ≥ 102 CFU/mL from broth cultures and 102 to 103 CFU/ml from diverse natural samples. This assay overcomes the false positives commonly encountered while using mammalian immunoglobulins (IgG). Anti-SpA IgY antibodies were tested for their bacteriostatic effect on the growth of S. aureus. IgY antibodies at a concentration of 150 μg/ml inhibited the growth of S. aureus completely indicating the potential of IgY antibodies in neutralization of infectious pathogens. Similarly, anti-SpA IgY at MIC50 concentration reduced biofilm formation by ~ 45%. In view of advantages offered by IgY antibodies for specific detection of S. aureus in immunocapture PCR (IPCR) assay and in vitro neutralization potential of S. aureus, we recommend using IgY over conventional IgG of mammals involving S. aureus and its antigens. KEY POINTS: • IPCR with anti-SpA IgY for S. aureus was specific and sensitive for natural samples. • Anti-SpA IgY at 150 ug/ml displayed growth inhibition of S. aureus strains temporarily. • Anti-SpA IgY at MIC50 concentrations inhibited the biofilm formation partially.
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Research Note: Lyophilization of hyperimmune egg yolk: effect on antibody titer and protection of broilers against Campylobacter colonization. Poult Sci 2020; 99:2157-2161. [PMID: 32241501 PMCID: PMC7102654 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2019.11.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral administration of antibodies is a promising strategy against various infectious diseases. Previously, it was demonstrated that passive immunization by providing hyperimmune egg yolk through the feed reduces Campylobacter jejuni colonization in broilers. Campylobacteriosis is the most commonly reported bacterial foodborne zoonosis worldwide, and poultry products are the number one origin of these bacteria for human infection. To date, no effective control measures exist to limit Campylobacter colonization in the chicken's intestinal tract. Here, the effect of lyophilization of hyperimmune egg yolk on protection of broilers against C. jejuni was investigated. During an in vivo trial, broiler chickens were prophylactically given feed with lyophilized hyperimmune or non-immunized egg yolk powder starting from day 1 after hatch. At day 11, broilers were inoculated with C. jejuni according to a seeder model. Five days later, all broilers were euthanized and cecal content was examined for C. jejuni colonization. No decrease in C. jejuni colonization was found. The freeze-drying resulted in a 16-fold decrease of the antibody titer in the yolk powder compared to the fresh yolks, presumably caused by structural changes in the antibodies. In conclusion, applying freeze-dried hyperimmune egg yolk failed to protect broilers against C. jejuni colonization, possibly because lyophilization affected the antibodies' functionality.
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Hatamzade Isfahani N, Rahimi S, Rasaee MJ, Karimi Torshizi MA, Zahraei Salehi T, Grimes JL. The effect of capsulated and noncapsulated egg-yolk-specific antibody to reduce colonization in the intestine of Salmonella enterica ssp. enterica serovar Infantis-challenged broiler chickens. Poult Sci 2020; 99:1387-1394. [PMID: 32111313 PMCID: PMC7587780 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2019.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The antibacterial properties of egg yolk antibodies have been known for many years. Enhanced antibiotic resistance has resulted in increased need for using these antibodies as an alternative. In the present study, generation, capsulation, and inhibition growth properties of IgY directed against Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Infantis (SI) were evaluated. White Leghorn layer hens were immunized using whole cell of inactivated SI. Salmonella Infantis–specific antibody activities in sera and egg yolk were determined by ELISA. A total of 480 one-day-old male “Cobb 500” chicks were randomly divided into 8 groups, with 6 replications of 10 birds kept for 21 D. All birds from 7 challenged groups were orally inoculated with 1 mL of SI suspension (1 × 107 CFU/mL) at 3 and 4 D of age. Two groups were dietary supplemented with 5 g/kg immune powdered yolk or nonimmune powdered yolk. One group was dietary supplemented with 12.8 g/kg capsulated immune yolk (CIY). Two groups were given 8.3 mL/L of immune water-soluble yolk or nonimmune water-soluble yolk fraction in drinking water. In the antibiotic group, 1 mL/L Enrofloxacin 10% was added to drinking water. All supplements except for the antibiotic (on Day 4 for 10 D) were added on day one and continued during the experiment. Negative and positive control groups received no supplements. During the experiment, among the challenged groups, the minimum SI cecal colonization and the lowest isolation of SI from the liver (P < 0.01) was observed in the antibiotic group. Following antibiotic group, in the group receiving CIY, colonization of bacteria in ceca and liver was significantly reduced during the second and third weeks of the experiment (P < 0.01). According to the results, capsulated specific IgY has a beneficial effect in reducing the colonization of Salmonella under the conditions of this study in comparison with other forms of IgY antibody.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shaban Rahimi
- Department of Poultry Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Javad Rasaee
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Taghi Zahraei Salehi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tehran, University of Tehran, Iran
| | - Jesse L Grimes
- Prestage Department of Poultry Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.
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Karlsson M, Kollberg H, Larsson A. Chicken IgY: utilizing the evolutionary advantage. WORLD POULTRY SCI J 2019. [DOI: 10.1079/wps200422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - H. Kollberg
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
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22
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The potential to reduce poultry nitrogen emissions with specific uricase egg yolk feed grade antibodies. WORLD POULTRY SCI J 2019. [DOI: 10.1017/s0043933913000056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Gao E, Wu S, Xu Q, Zeng Y, Tan N, He S, Yang Y, Wei J. Enterovirus type 71-immunized chicken egg yolk immunoglobulin has cross antiviral activity against coxsackievirus A16 in vitro. Exp Ther Med 2019; 18:332-341. [PMID: 31258670 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.7529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
To exploit a cross passive immunotherapy for enterovirus-induced hand-foot-and-mouth disease (HFMD), the cross antiviral activity of a neutralizing antibody against enterovirus 71 (EV71) and coxsackievirus A16 (CVA16) was investigated in vitro. White Leghorn specific-pathogen-free chickens were immunized with EV71 antigens and a specific isolated immunoglobulin (IgY) was prepared from the chicken egg yolk. IgY was further purified and characterized by SDS-PAGE, ELISA, western blotting and bidirectional immune agar diffusion testing. The antiviral activity and dose-response of the IgY were determined by assessing the cytopathic effect in rhabdomyosarcoma (RD) cells in vitro. It was indicated that the levels of IgY were increased at day 7, peaked at week 7 and were maintained at a higher level for 4 weeks following immunization when compared with the negative control. The results of western blotting and bidirectional immune agar diffusion testing revealed that the IgY had cross-binding properties in EV71 and CVA16 strains through targeting the envelope proteins (VP0, VP1 and VP3) of EV71 and CVA16. Neutralization assay results indicated that the infectivity of EV71 and CVA16 strains in RD cells was cross-blocked by IgY in a dose-dependent manner. To conclude, these findings indicate that IgY has cross antiviral activity against EV71 and CVA16 in vitro, and could potentially be developed as a passive immunotherapy for EV71- and CVA16-induced HFMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enyi Gao
- Department of Pharmacology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541000, P.R. China
| | - Shuwen Wu
- Department of State Key Laboratory of Virology, School of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430000, P.R. China
| | - Qing Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541000, P.R. China
| | - Yonglian Zeng
- Department of Pharmacology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541000, P.R. China
| | - Ning Tan
- Department of Pharmacology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541000, P.R. China
| | - Songqing He
- Department of Pharmacology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541000, P.R. China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541000, P.R. China
| | - Jingchen Wei
- Department of Pharmacology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541000, P.R. China
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Zhang JJ, Kang TY, Kwon T, Koh H, Chandimali N, Huynh DL, Wang XZ, Kim N, Jeong DK. Specific Chicken Egg Yolk Antibody Improves the Protective Response against Gallibacterium anatis Infection. Infect Immun 2019; 87:e00619-18. [PMID: 30559219 PMCID: PMC6386540 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00619-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Gallibacterium anatis is a pathogen associated with peritonitis and salpingitis in chickens and other avian species. Novel safety prevention strategies are urgently needed because of widespread multidrug resistance and antigenic diversity. The objective of this study was to produce a specific chicken egg yolk antibody and evaluate its protective response against a G. anatis infection model in 4-week-old chicks. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays showed that hens immunized with the recombinant N terminus of Gallibacterium toxin A (GtxA-N) had significantly increased antibody titers against GtxA-N in serum and egg yolk IgY. Western blotting showed that IgY antibody had specificity against GtxA-N in the egg yolks of immunized hens. The growth of G. anatis in brain heart infusion (BHI) broth and agar was significantly inhibited by the GtxA-N-specific IgY antibody. The protective effects of the specific IgY antibody were evaluated in G. anatis-infected chicks after intramuscular injection (10 mg/ml). The anti-GtxA-N antibody titers in the sera of G. anatis-challenged chicks following an injection of specific IgY antibody were significantly higher than those of the control and the nonspecific IgY groups, but lower lesion scores for the peritoneum, liver, and duodenum were found after specific IgY antibody treatment. The results from this study suggest that the GtxA-N-specific IgY antibody could potentially improve the protective response against G. anatis infection in chicks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Jiao Zhang
- Laboratory of Animal Genetic Engineering and Stem Cell Biology, Department of Advanced Convergence Technology and Science, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Forage and Herbivore, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Tae Yoon Kang
- Laboratory of Animal Genetic Engineering and Stem Cell Biology, Department of Advanced Convergence Technology and Science, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Taeho Kwon
- Laboratory of Animal Genetic Engineering and Stem Cell Biology, Subtropical/Tropical Organism Gene Bank, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyebin Koh
- Laboratory of Animal Genetic Engineering and Stem Cell Biology, Department of Advanced Convergence Technology and Science, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Nisansala Chandimali
- Laboratory of Animal Genetic Engineering and Stem Cell Biology, Department of Advanced Convergence Technology and Science, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Do Luong Huynh
- Laboratory of Animal Genetic Engineering and Stem Cell Biology, Department of Advanced Convergence Technology and Science, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Xian Zhong Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Forage and Herbivore, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Nameun Kim
- Laboratory of Animal Genetic Engineering and Stem Cell Biology, Department of Advanced Convergence Technology and Science, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Kee Jeong
- Laboratory of Animal Genetic Engineering and Stem Cell Biology, Department of Advanced Convergence Technology and Science, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
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Qiu T, Shen X, Li X, Gong Y, Zou Z, Liu C, Ye F, Mi C, Xu Z, Sun Y, Lin J, Zhang H, Lei H. Egg Yolk Immunoglobulin Supplementation Prevents Rat Liver from Aflatoxin B 1-Induced Oxidative Damage and Genotoxicity. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:13260-13267. [PMID: 30449111 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b04659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Egg yolk immunoglobulins (IgY), as nutraceutical supplement for therapeutic or prophylactic intervention, have been extensively studied. The effects of IgY on small molecular toxin-induced toxicity in animals are unclear. In the present study, the protection of highly purified and specific anti-AFB1 IgY against AFB1-induced genotoxicity and oxidative damage on the rat liver model were investigated. Our results revealed that AFB1 induced significant oxidative damage markers, as well as AFB1-induced protein expression in antioxidant, pro- and antiapoptosis processes in rat liver. These effects could be significantly inhibited by cogavage with anti-AFB1 IgY in a dose-dependent manner. However, anti-AFB1 IgY did not significantly induce hepatic CAT and SOD1. To explore mechanisms, metabolite experiments were established to evaluate the influence of anti-AFB1 IgY on the absorption of AFB1 in rats. Middle and high doses of anti-AFB1 IgY reduced hepatic AFB1-DNA adducts by 43.3% and 52.9%, AFB1- N7-guanine urinary adducts by 19.6% and 34.4%, and AFB1-albumin adducts by 10.5% and 21.1%, respectively. The feces of high dose anti-AFB1 IgY cogavaged rats contained approximately 2-fold higher AFB1 equivalents at 3-6 h after ingestion than AFB1 group feces, indicating IgY inhibited AFB1 uptake. These results had provided insight that anti-AFB1 IgY could prevent animal organs from damage caused by AFB1 and will be beneficial for the application of detoxification antibody as a supplement in food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taotao Qiu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety/College of Food Science , South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou 510642 , China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Female Reproductive Health/Public Health Laboratory Sciences and Toxicology, West China School of Public Health , Sichuan University , Chengdu , China
| | - Xing Shen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety/College of Food Science , South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou 510642 , China
| | - Xiangmei Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety/College of Food Science , South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou 510642 , China
| | - Yunyun Gong
- Department of Food Safety Risk Assessment, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment , Ministry of Health , Beijing 100021 China
| | - Zhongmin Zou
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine , Third Military Medical University , Chongqing , China
| | - Chunhong Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety/College of Food Science , South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou 510642 , China
| | - Feng Ye
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine , Third Military Medical University , Chongqing , China
| | - Chenyang Mi
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Female Reproductive Health/Public Health Laboratory Sciences and Toxicology, West China School of Public Health , Sichuan University , Chengdu , China
| | - Zhenlin Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety/College of Food Science , South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou 510642 , China
| | - Yuanming Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety/College of Food Science , South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou 510642 , China
| | - Jie Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety/College of Food Science , South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou 510642 , China
| | - Huidong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Female Reproductive Health/Public Health Laboratory Sciences and Toxicology, West China School of Public Health , Sichuan University , Chengdu , China
| | - Hongtao Lei
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety/College of Food Science , South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou 510642 , China
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Ruiz V, Porta NG, Lomónaco M, Trono K, Alvarez I. Bovine Leukemia Virus Infection in Neonatal Calves. Risk Factors and Control Measures. Front Vet Sci 2018; 5:267. [PMID: 30410920 PMCID: PMC6209627 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2018.00267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) is the causative agent of enzootic bovine leukosis (EBL). Although efficient eradication programs have been successfully implemented in most European countries and Oceania, BLV infection rates are still high worldwide. BLV naturally infects cattle, inducing a persistent infection with diverse clinical outcomes. The virus infects lymphocytes and integrates a DNA intermediate as a provirus into the genome of the cells. Therefore, exposure to biological fluids contaminated with infected lymphocytes potentially spreads the virus. Vertical transmission may occur in utero or during delivery, and about 10% of calves born to BLV-infected dams are already infected at birth. Most frequently, transmission from dams to their offspring occurs through the ingestion of infected colostrum or milk. Therefore, although EBL is not a disease specific to the neonatal period, during this period the calves are at special risk of becoming infected, especially in dairy farms, where they ingest colostrum and/or raw milk either naturally or artificially. Calves infected during the first week of life could play an active role in early propagation of BLV to susceptible animals. This review discusses the main factors that contribute to neonatal BLV infection in dairy herds, as well as different approaches and management practices that could be implemented to reduce the risk of BLV transmission during this period, aiming to decrease BLV infection in dairy herds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanesa Ruiz
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria-Instituto de Virología, Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Natalia Gabriela Porta
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria-Instituto de Virología, Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marina Lomónaco
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria-Instituto de Virología, Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Karina Trono
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria-Instituto de Virología, Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Irene Alvarez
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria-Instituto de Virología, Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Wang F, Qiao W, Xu X, Wang S, Regenstein JM, Bao B, Ma M. Egg yolk immunoglobulins' impact on experimental periodontitis caused by Porphyromonas gingivalis. Technol Health Care 2018; 26:805-814. [PMID: 30282381 DOI: 10.3233/thc-181255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease caused by Porphyromonas gingivalis that leads to a series of periodontal tissue injuries. Egg yolk immunoglobulins (IgY) is procuded in egg yolk and inhibits P. gingivalis. OBJECTIVE The aim was to evaluate the effect of IgY on experimental periodontitis caused by P. gingivalis. METHODS The second molars of rats were ligatured using medical 5-0 silk and smeared with P. gingivalis to induce experimental periodontitis. Then, the rats were smeared with 2 mL IgY solutions or 0.9% NaCl in the oral cavity for up to 4 wk. The scores for gingival index, plaque index and probe on bleeding, the levels of IL-6 and TNF-α, X-ray radiography and histology were used to determine the efficacy of the IgY on experimental periodontitis. RESULTS The clinical indices improved; the levels of IL-6 and TNF-α were significantly (p< 0.05) decreased; the X-rays and histomorphological observations suggested that the periodontal inflammation and periodontitis were alleviated compared to the control. CONCLUSIONS IgY showed significant effects on anti-inflammatory, anti-coaggregation activity, and protected against alveolar bone loss. Therefore, it had a beneficial effect on preventing experimental periodontitis caused by P. gingivalis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Wang
- Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai 201318, China
| | - Wu Qiao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Xiaochen Xu
- Shanghai MAXAM Company Limited, Shanghai 200333, China
| | - Shujun Wang
- Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Huaihai Institute of Technology, Lianyungang 222005, Jiangsu, China
| | - Joe M Regenstein
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca 14853-7201, NY, USA
| | - Bin Bao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.,Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Storage and Preservation (Shanghai), Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Ming Ma
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.,Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Storage and Preservation (Shanghai), Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai 201306, China
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Liang X, Sheng Y, Yu W, Zhao S, Shan H, Zhang Q, Wang Z. Comparison of Chicken IgY and Mammalian IgG in Three Immunoassays for Detection of Sulfamethazine in Milk. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-018-1316-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Raabis SM, Ollivett TL, Cook ME, Sand JM, McGuirk SM. Health benefits of orally administered anti-IL-10 antibody in milk-fed dairy calves. J Dairy Sci 2018; 101:7375-7382. [PMID: 29778481 PMCID: PMC6526946 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2017-14270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The primary objective of this randomized controlled trial was to determine whether anti-IL-10 egg yolk antibodies fed upon arrival to a calf ranch would lower the prevalence of Cryptosporidium parvum shedding in naturally challenged preweaned dairy calves. The secondary objectives included measuring the effect of anti-IL-10 antibodies on calf health, performance, and shedding of less common diarrheal pathogens. A total of 133 calves, enrolled at 24 to 72 h of age, received a daily dose of 0.96 g of egg yolk powder with anti-IL-10 antibodies (MAB, n = 71) or without anti-IL-10 antibodies (MEP, n = 62) split between 2 feedings for the first 11 d on feed at a calf ranch. Daily health evaluations were completed for 15 d after arrival and on d 56. Digital weights were collected at enrollment and d 56, and hipometer weights were collected at enrollment and d 7 and 56. Packed cell volume and serum total protein concentration were measured at enrollment and on d 7 and 14. Fecal pH was measured at enrollment and on d 5 and 14, and fecal pathogen (C. parvum, coronavirus, rotavirus, and Salmonella spp.) shedding was assessed at d 5 and 14. Continuous outcomes were compared between groups using a Student's t-test or Wilcoxon rank sum test. Fecal pathogen shedding at d 14, respiratory disease at d 56, and antibiotic usage were compared using relative risk (RR) and chi-squared test. Fecal pH (median and interquartile range) on d 14 was 6.65 (6.39–6.99) and 6.52 (5.97–6.81) for MAB and MEP, respectively. On d 56, the risk of respiratory disease was lower for MAB compared with MEP (RR = 0.40; confidence interval = 0.16–0.99). The risk for antibiotic treatment was lower for MAB- compared with MEP-treated calves (RR = 0.38; confidence interval = 0.17–0.88). The risk of shedding rotavirus was higher in MAB (RR = 1.38; confidence interval = 1.10–1.81) calves. After multivariable analyses, hipometer weights (least squares means ± standard error) were 1.7 ± 0.8 kg greater on d 56 in MAB compared with MEP; however, ADG was 0.04 ± 0.02 kg/d lower in MAB calves. Total health score, diarrhea days, average respiratory score, packed cell volume, and serum total protein were not affected by feeding anti-IL-10 egg antibodies. In summary, feeding anti-IL-10 antibodies was associated with increased fecal pH, reduced risk of respiratory disease later in the preweaning period, and decreased antibiotic usage despite higher rotavirus infection. These findings might be associated with improved mucosal immunity, enhanced host defenses, or reduced susceptibility and warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Raabis
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Madison 53706
| | - T L Ollivett
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Madison 53706
| | - M E Cook
- Department of Animal Science, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706
| | - J M Sand
- Department of Animal Science, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706
| | - S M McGuirk
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Madison 53706.
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Liao W, Jahandideh F, Fan H, Son M, Wu J. Egg Protein-Derived Bioactive Peptides: Preparation, Efficacy, and Absorption. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2018; 85:1-58. [PMID: 29860972 DOI: 10.1016/bs.afnr.2018.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The hen's egg is an important protein source of human diet. On average one large egg contains ~6g protein, which contributes to ~11% of daily protein intake. As a high-quality protein, egg proteins are well recognized as excellent sources of bioactive peptides. The objectives of this chapter are to introduce generation, bioactivities, and absorption of egg protein-derived bioactive peptides. Research on egg protein-derived bioactive peptides has been progressed during the past decades. Enzymatic hydrolysis is the major technique to prepare bioactive peptides from egg protein. Quantitative structure-activity relationships-aided in silico prediction is increasingly applied as a promising tool for efficient prediction of novel bioactive peptides. A number of bioactive peptides from egg proteins have been characterized for antioxidant, immunomodulatory, antihypertensive, antidiabetic, anticancer, and antimicrobial activities. Egg protein-derived peptides that can improve bone health have been reported as well. However, molecular mechanisms of many peptides are not fully understood. The stability and absorption routes, bioavailability, safety, and production of bioactive peptides await further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Liao
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Forough Jahandideh
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Hongbing Fan
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Myoungjin Son
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Jianping Wu
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada; Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
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Sheng L, He Z, Liu Y, Ma M, Cai Z. Mass spectrometry characterization for N-glycosylation of immunoglobulin Y from hen egg yolk. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 108:277-283. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Málaga-Machaca ES, Romero-Ramirez A, Gilman RH, Astupiña-Figueroa S, Angulo N, Florentini A, Lovon-Luque CJ, Gonza RA, del Carpio-Sanz A, Cabello I, Camargo R, Recuenco F, Barrueta-Soria LA, Verastegui MR, Calderon M, Mayta H. Polyclonal antibodies for the detection of Trypanosoma cruzi circulating antigens. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2017; 11:e0006069. [PMID: 29121659 PMCID: PMC5705163 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0006069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Revised: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Detection of Trypanosoma cruzi antigens in clinical samples is considered an important diagnostic tool for Chagas disease. The production and use of polyclonal antibodies may contribute to an increase in the sensitivity of immunodiagnosis of Chagas disease. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Polyclonal antibodies were raised in alpacas, rabbits, and hens immunized with trypomastigote excreted-secreted antigen, membrane proteins, trypomastigote lysate antigen and recombinant 1F8 to produce polyclonal antibodies. Western blot analysis was performed to determine specificity of the developed antibodies. An antigen capture ELISA of circulating antigens in serum, plasma and urine samples was developed using IgY polyclonal antibodies against T. cruzi membrane antigens (capture antibody) and IgG from alpaca raised against TESA. A total of 33 serum, 23 plasma and 9 urine samples were analyzed using the developed test. Among serum samples, compared to serology, the antigen capture ELISA tested positive in 55% of samples. All plasma samples from serology positive subjects were positive in the antigen capture ELISA. All urine positive samples had corresponding plasma samples that were also positive when tested by the antigen capture ELISA. CONCLUSIONS Polyclonal antibodies are useful for detection of circulating antigens in both the plasma and urine of infected individuals. Detection of antigens is direct evidence of the presence of the parasite, and could be a better surrogate of current infection status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edith S. Málaga-Machaca
- Infectious Diseases Research Laboratory, Departamento de Ciencias Celulares y Moleculares, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú
| | - Alessandra Romero-Ramirez
- Infectious Diseases Research Laboratory, Departamento de Ciencias Celulares y Moleculares, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú
| | - Robert H. Gilman
- Infectious Diseases Research Laboratory, Departamento de Ciencias Celulares y Moleculares, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Asociación Benéfica PRISMA, Lima, Perú
| | - Sofía Astupiña-Figueroa
- Infectious Diseases Research Laboratory, Departamento de Ciencias Celulares y Moleculares, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú
| | - Noelia Angulo
- Infectious Diseases Research Laboratory, Departamento de Ciencias Celulares y Moleculares, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú
| | - Alejandro Florentini
- Infectious Diseases Research Laboratory, Departamento de Ciencias Celulares y Moleculares, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú
| | - Cinthya J. Lovon-Luque
- Departamento de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina Humana, Universidad Católica de Santa María, Arequipa, Perú
| | - Remo A. Gonza
- Infectious Diseases Research Laboratory, Departamento de Ciencias Celulares y Moleculares, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú
| | - Ada del Carpio-Sanz
- Departamento de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina Humana, Universidad Católica de Santa María, Arequipa, Perú
| | - Inés Cabello
- Departamento Académico de Salud Animal y Salud Pública, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Perú
| | - Rosina Camargo
- Departamento Académico de Salud Animal y Salud Pública, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Perú
| | - Fernando Recuenco
- Departamento Académico de Salud Animal y Salud Pública, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Perú
| | - Liliam A. Barrueta-Soria
- Infectious Diseases Research Laboratory, Departamento de Ciencias Celulares y Moleculares, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú
| | - Manuela R. Verastegui
- Infectious Diseases Research Laboratory, Departamento de Ciencias Celulares y Moleculares, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú
| | - Maritza Calderon
- Infectious Diseases Research Laboratory, Departamento de Ciencias Celulares y Moleculares, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú
| | - Holger Mayta
- Infectious Diseases Research Laboratory, Departamento de Ciencias Celulares y Moleculares, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Asociación Benéfica PRISMA, Lima, Perú
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Lee CH, Lee YC, Lee YL, Leu SJ, Lin LT, Chen CC, Chiang JR, Mwale PF, Tsai BY, Hung CS, Yang YY. Single Chain Antibody Fragment against Venom from the Snake Daboia russelii formosensis. Toxins (Basel) 2017; 9:E347. [PMID: 29076991 PMCID: PMC5705962 DOI: 10.3390/toxins9110347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Revised: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Russell's vipers containing hemotoxic and neurotoxic venom commonly cause snake envenomation. Horse-derived antivenom is a specific antidote, but its production is expensive and has side effects. Developing a cost-effective and more tolerable therapeutic strategy is favorable. In this study, using glutaraldehyde-attenuated Daboia russelii formosensis (DRF) venom proteins to immunize chickens, polyclonal yolk-immunoglobulin (IgY) antibodies were generated and showed a specific binding affinity. Phage display technology was used to generate two antibody libraries of single-chain variable fragments (scFvs) containing 3.4 × 10⁷ and 5.5 × 10⁷ transformants, respectively. Phage-based ELISA indicated that specific clones were enriched after bio-panning. The nucleotide sequences of scFv-expressing clones were analyzed and classified into six groups in the short linker and four groups in the long linker. These scFv antibodies specifically bound to DRF proteins, but not other venom proteins. Mass spectrometric data suggested that these scFv antibodies may recognize phospholipase A2 RV-4 or RV-7. In vivo studies showed that anti-DRF IgY exhibited complete protective effects and mixed scFv antibodies increased the survival rate and time of mice challenged with a lethal dose of DRF proteins. These antibodies can be potentially applied in a rapid diagnostic method or for treatment in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Hsin Lee
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Ching Lee
- The Center of Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
| | - Yueh-Lun Lee
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
| | - Sy-Jye Leu
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
| | - Liang-Tzung Lin
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
| | - Chi-Ching Chen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Landseed Hospital, Taoyuan 32449, Taiwan.
| | - Jen-Ron Chiang
- Center for Research, Diagnostics and Vaccine Development, Centers for Disease Control, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei 11558, Taiwan.
| | - Pharaoh Fellow Mwale
- School of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
| | - Bor-Yu Tsai
- Navi Bio-Therapeutics Inc., Taipei 10351, Taiwan.
| | - Ching-Sheng Hung
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11696, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-Yuan Yang
- School of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
- Core Laboratory of Antibody Generation and Research, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
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Suresh G, Das RK, Kaur Brar S, Rouissi T, Avalos Ramirez A, Chorfi Y, Godbout S. Alternatives to antibiotics in poultry feed: molecular perspectives. Crit Rev Microbiol 2017; 44:318-335. [DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2017.1373062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ratul Kumar Das
- INRS-ETE, Université du Québec, Québec, QC, Canada
- TERI Deakin Nanobiotechnology Centre, TERI Gram, The Energy and Resources Institute, Gurgaon, India
| | | | | | - Antonio Avalos Ramirez
- Centre National en Électrochimie et en Technologie Environnementales Inc, Shawinigan, Canada
| | - Younes Chorfi
- Département de biomédecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, Canada
| | - Stephane Godbout
- Institut de recherche et de développement en agroenvironnement, Québec, Canada
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Gouda M, Zhang S, Liu Y, Sheng L, Ma M. Effects of four natural antioxidant phenyl terpenes on emulsifying and rheological properties of egg yolk. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2017.04.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Anti-Vibriocholerae IgY Antibody Inhibits Mortality in Suckling Mice Model. J Natl Med Assoc 2017; 110:84-87. [PMID: 29510849 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnma.2017.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Revised: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Regarding to the importance of cholera in Iran and the potential advantages of egg yolk antibody (IgY) for immunotherapy, the aim of this study was to produce IgY antibody against V. cholerae Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and determine its potential for V. cholerae treatment. METHODS LPS was prepared, and the Anti-V. cholerae LPS IgY was purified from egg yolk and serially diluted in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), mixed with V. cholerae and then gavaged into several groups of suckling mice. RESULTS The yield of Anti-LPS IgY extraction was 40 mg/Egg yolk. The results demonstrated that up to approximately 75 ng of IgY can detect specifically V. cholerae. The lowest protective dose of anti-V. cholerae LPS IgY was 2.5 μg. CONCLUSIONS The produced anti-Vibrio LPS specific IgY showed a good reactivity with its specific antigen and it may use as a complimentary oral immunotherapy for cholera disease.
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Novel Fitc-Labeled Igy Antibody: Fluorescence Imaging Toxoplasma Gondii In Vitro. Sci Rep 2017; 7:852. [PMID: 28404997 PMCID: PMC5429814 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-00930-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Toxoplasmosis is caused by T. gondii and can create serious health problems in humans and also worldwide economic harm. Because of the clinical and veterinary importance of toxoplasmosis, its timely and accurate diagnosis has a major impact on disease-fighting strategies. T. gondii surface antigen 1 (SAG1), an immunodominant-specific antigen, is often used as a diagnostic tool. Therefore, the aim of this study was the optimization of novel fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) labeling of the SAG1-specific IgY antibody to show the potential for immunofluorescence imaging of T. gondii in vitro. The specificity of IgY antibodies was controlled by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and the concentration of the IgY antibody was detected using a spectrophotometer. The optimum incubation time and FITC concentration were determined with a fluorescence spectrometer. The obtained FITC-labeled IgY was used for marking T. gondii tachyzoites, which were cultured in vitro and viewed using light microscopy. The interaction of the fluorescence-labeled antibody and the T. gondii tachyzoites was examined with a fluorescence microscope. In this study, for the first time, a FITC-labeled anti-SAG1 IgY antibody was developed according to ELISA, fluorescence spectrometer, and fluorescence imaging of cell culture. In the future, the obtained FITC-labeled T. gondii tachyzoites’ specific IgY antibodies may be used as diagnostic tools for the detection of T. gondii infections in different samples.
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Zhang Y, Yin J, Li T, Zhou B, Xu P, Che R, Liu Y, Cao H, Ye X, Yang Y, Qi X, Zheng S, Ding G, Ren G, Yang H, Wang X, Li D. A recombinant avian antibody against VP2 of infectious bursal disease virus protects chicken from viral infection. Res Vet Sci 2017; 114:194-201. [PMID: 28482266 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2017.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Revised: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A stable cell-line was established that expressed the recombinant avian antibody (rAb) against the infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV). rAb exhibited neutralization activity to IBDV-B87 strain in DF1 cells. The minimum rAb concentration required for inhibition of the cytopathic effect (CPE) was 1.563μg/mL. To test the efficacy of rAb, a 168-h cohabitation challenge experiment was performed to transmit the disease from the chickens challenged with vvIBDV (HLJ0504 strain) to three test groups of chickens, i.e. (1) chickens treated with rAb, (2) chickens treated with yolk antibody, and (3) non-treatment chickens. The survival rates of chickens treated with rAb, yolk antibody and without treatment were 73%, 67% and 20%, respectively. Another batch of chickens was challenged with IBDV (BC6/85 strain) and then injected with rAb (1.0mg/kg) 6, 24 and 36h post-challenge. Non-treatment chickens had 100% morbidity, whereas those administered with rAb exhibited only 20% morbidity. Morbidity was evaluated using clinical indicators and bursal histopathological section. This study provides a new approach to treating IBDV and the rAb represents a promising candidate for this IBDV therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjie Zhang
- Biopharmaceutical Lab, College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Jiechao Yin
- Biopharmaceutical Lab, College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Tianhe Li
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | | | - Pengfei Xu
- Biopharmaceutical Lab, College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Ruixiang Che
- Biopharmaceutical Lab, College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Yunye Liu
- Biopharmaceutical Lab, College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Hongxue Cao
- Biopharmaceutical Lab, College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Xianlong Ye
- Biopharmaceutical Lab, College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Yongbi Yang
- Biopharmaceutical Lab, College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Xiaole Qi
- Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Harbin, PR China
| | - Shimin Zheng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Guojie Ding
- Harbin Pharmaceutical Group Bio-vaccine Co., Ltd., Harbin, PR China
| | - Guiping Ren
- Biopharmaceutical Lab, College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Hanchun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, PR China.
| | - Xiaomei Wang
- Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Harbin, PR China.
| | - Deshan Li
- Biopharmaceutical Lab, College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, PR China.
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Kousted TM, Kalliokoski O, Christensen SK, Winther JR, Hau J. Exploring the antigenic response to multiplexed immunizations in a chicken model of antibody production. Heliyon 2017; 3:e00267. [PMID: 28367512 PMCID: PMC5362046 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2017.e00267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2017] [Revised: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Hens have a tremendous capacity for producing polyclonal antibodies that can subsequently be isolated in high concentrations from their eggs. An approach for further maximizing their potential is to produce multiple antisera in the same individual through multiplexed (multiple simultaneous) immunizations. An unknown with this approach is how many immunogens a single bird is capable of mounting a sizeable antigenic response toward. At what point does it become counter-productive to add more immunogens to the same immunization regimen? In the present study we were able to demonstrate that the competing effects of co-administering multiple immunogens effectively limit the antibody specificities that can be raised in a single individual to a fairly low number. Two potent model immunogens, KLH and CRM197, were administered together with competing antigens in various concentrations and complexities. With an upper limit of 1 mg protein material recommended for chicken immunizations, we found that the maximum number of immunogens that can be reliably used is most likely in the low double digits. The limiting factor for a response to an immunogen could not be related to the number of splenic plasma cells producing antibodies against it. When administering KLH alone, up to 70% of the IgY-producing splenic plasma cells were occupied with producing anti-KLH antibodies; but when simultaneously being exposed to a plethora of other antigens, a response of a comparable magnitude could be mounted with a splenic plasma cell involvement of less than 5%. Two breeds of egg-layers were compared with respect to antibody production in an initial experiment, but differences in antibody productivity were negligible. Although our findings support the use of multiplexed immunizations in the hen, we find that the number of immunogens cannot be stretched much higher than the handful that has been used in mammalian models to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina M. Kousted
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
- Linderstrøm-Lang Centre for Protein Science, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Otto Kalliokoski
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
- Corresponding author at: Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark.
| | | | - Jakob R. Winther
- Linderstrøm-Lang Centre for Protein Science, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jann Hau
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
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The impact of N-glycosylation on conformation and stability of immunoglobulin Y from egg yolk. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 96:129-136. [PMID: 27988289 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.12.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Revised: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Immunoglobulin Y (IgY) is a new therapeutic antibody, and its applications in industry are very broad. To provide insight into the effects of N-glycosylation on IgY, its conformation and stability were studied. In this research, IgY was extracted from egg yolk and then digested by peptide-N4-(N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminyl) asparagine-amidase. SDS-PAGE and infrared absorption spectrum showed that carbohydrates were distinctly reduced after enzymolysis. The circular dichroism spectrum indicated that the IgY molecule became more flexible and disordered after removal of N-glycan. The fluorescence intensity revealed that Trp residues were buried in a more hydrophobic environment after disposal of N-glycan. Storage stability decreased with the removal of oligosaccharide chains based on size-exclusion chromatography analysis. Deglycosylated IgY exhibited less resistance to guanidine hydrochloride-induced unfolding. After deglycosylation, IgY was more sensitive to pepsin. Therefore, N-glycosylation played an important role in the maintenance of the structure and stability of IgY.
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Zorriehzah MJ, Tiwari R, Sachan S, Karthik K, Malik YS, Dadar M, Sarwar M, Sayab M, Dhama K. Avian Egg Yolk Antibodies (IgY) and their Potential Therapeutic
Applications for Countering Infectious Diseases of Fish and
Aquatic Animals. INT J PHARMACOL 2016. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2016.760.768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Production and Characterization of Neutralizing Antibodies against Bungarus multicinctus Snake Venom. Appl Environ Microbiol 2016; 82:6973-6982. [PMID: 27663029 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01876-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The venom of the banded krait (Bungarus multicinctus), one of the major venomous species in Taiwan, contains neurotoxic venom proteins (B. multicinctus proteins) that pose a serious medical problem in tropical and subtropical countries. Even though horse-derived serum is an efficient therapy against snake venom, it is associated with a high cost and side effects. Therefore, developing a more cost-effective alternative treatment option is highly envisaged. In this study, chickens were immunized with B. multicinctus proteins, and polyclonal immunoglobulin Y (IgY) antibodies were purified from eggs. IgY showed a binding activity to B. multicinctus proteins that was similar to horse antivenin, and its titer in chickens lasted for at least 6 months. We constructed two antibody libraries by phage display antibody technology, which contain 1.0 × 107 and 2.9 × 108 transformants, respectively. After biopanning, a phage-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) indicated that specific clones were enriched. Thirty randomly selected clones expressing monoclonal single-chain variable-fragment (scFv) antibodies were classified into four groups with a short linker and two with a long linker. These selected scFv antibodies showed specific binding activities to B. multicinctus proteins but not to the venomous proteins of other snakes. Most importantly, polyclonal IgY demonstrated a similar neutralization efficiency as did horse-derived antivenin in mice that were injected with a minimum lethal dosage (MLD) of venom proteins. A mixture of several monoclonal anti-B. multicinctus scFv antibodies was also able to partially inhibit the lethal effect on mice. We profoundly believe that IgY and scFv antibodies can be applied in developing diagnostic agents for wound exudates and as an alternative treatment for snakebite envenomation in the future.IMPORTANCE Snake envenomation is one of the global medical issues of concern. Horse-derived antivenin is an effective way to treat snakebites, but it is costly and occasionally causes severe side effects. In this study, we first generated and characterized IgY antibodies with neutralization activity in chickens. Subsequently, we generated a panel of monoclonal scFv antibodies using phage display antibody technology. A mixture of scFv antibodies was able to partially inhibit the lethal effect in mice that were injected with lethal dosages of venom proteins and prolong their survival time. We believe that chicken-derived IgY and scFv antibodies have great potential for the development of diagnostic agents for wound exudates and therapeutic agents against snake envenomation in the future.
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Maffey L, Vega CG, Miño S, Garaicoechea L, Parreño V. Anti-VP6 VHH: An Experimental Treatment for Rotavirus A-Associated Disease. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0162351. [PMID: 27603013 PMCID: PMC5014449 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0162351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Species A Rotaviruses (RVA) remain a leading cause of mortality in children under 5 years of age. Current treatment options are limited. We assessed the efficacy of two VP6-specific llama-derived heavy chain antibody fragments (VHH) -2KD1 and 3B2- as an oral prophylactic and therapeutic treatment against RVA-induced diarrhea in a neonatal mouse model inoculated with virulent murine RVA (ECw, G16P[16]I7). Joint therapeutic administration of 2KD1+3B2 (200 μg/dose) successfully reduced diarrhea duration, RVA infection severity and virus shedding in feces. While the same dose of 2KD1 or 3B2 (200 μg) significantly reduced duration of RVA-induced diarrhea, 2KD1 was more effective in diminishing the severity of intestinal infection and RVA shedding in feces, perhaps because 2KD1 presented higher binding affinity for RVA particles than 3B2. Neither prophylactic nor therapeutic administration of the VHH interfered with the host's humoral immune response against RVA. When 2KD1 (200 μg) was administered after diarrhea development, it also significantly reduced RVA intestinal infection and fecal shedding. Host antibody responses against the oral VHH treatment were not detected, nor did viral escape mutants. Our findings show that oral administration of anti-VP6 VHH constitute, not only an effective prophylactic treatment against RVA-associated diarrhea, but also a safe therapeutic tool against RVA infection, even once diarrhea is present. Anti-VP6 VHH could be used complementary to ongoing vaccination, especially in populations that have shown lower immunization efficacy. These VHH could also be scaled-up to develop pediatric medication or functional food like infant milk formulas that might help treat RVA diarrhea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Maffey
- Instituto de Virología, Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas, INTA Castelar, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Celina G. Vega
- Instituto de Virología, Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas, INTA Castelar, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Samuel Miño
- Instituto de Virología, Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas, INTA Castelar, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Lorena Garaicoechea
- Instituto de Virología, Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas, INTA Castelar, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Viviana Parreño
- Instituto de Virología, Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas, INTA Castelar, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- * E-mail:
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Li X, Yao Y, Wang X, Zhen Y, Thacker PA, Wang L, Shi M, Zhao J, Zong Y, Wang N, Xu Y. Chicken egg yolk antibodies (IgY) modulate the intestinal mucosal immune response in a mouse model of Salmonella typhimurium infection. Int Immunopharmacol 2016; 36:305-314. [PMID: 27214338 PMCID: PMC7106048 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2016.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Revised: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
This study determined the effects of chicken egg yolk antibodies (IgY) on immune responses in the intestinal mucosal of mice infected with Salmonella typhimurium. Sixty, 28-day-old mice were divided into 4 groups and treated with streptomycin or sterile water for 2 days followed by 1 day without treatment. The control group was unchallenged whereas the mice in the other three groups were treated twice with 109 CFU mL− 1S. typhimurium. For the next 3 days, control mice continued to receive no treatment whereas the mice in the remaining three groups were orally administered with 20 mg mL− 1 of specific IgY, 20 mg mL− 1 of nonspecific IgY or PBS. S. typhimurium activated gut-associated lymphoid tissue, increasing the release of IFN-γ and TNF-α in the mucosa and increased the number of activated T-lymphocytes and cytotoxic T-γδ. Specific IgY attenuated the increase in IFN-γ and TNF-α and the decrease in IL-10. S. typhimurium induced mobilization of CD8+ and CD8+ TCRγδ T cells in the epithelium and CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in the lamina propria reflecting an inflammatory process that was attenuated by IgY. These results suggest that specific IgY modulates intestinal mucosal immune responses during a S. typhimurium infection. Specific IgY could effectively alleviate S. typhimurium-inflicted damage to the jejunum. Specific IgY attenuated an increase in the cytokines IFN-γ and TNF-α in the mucosa. IgY attenuated changes in lymphocyte numbers in Peyer's patches, epithelium and lamina propria. Specific IgY has an important immune-modulatory role on the intestinal mucosal immune response. Specific IgY limits the consequences of intestinal inflammation induced by S. typhimurium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Li
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China; Ministry of Education Center for Food Safety of Animal Origin, Dalian 116620, China
| | - Ying Yao
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Xitao Wang
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Yuhong Zhen
- Department of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Philip A Thacker
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatchewan S7N5A8, Canada
| | - Lili Wang
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China; Ministry of Education Center for Food Safety of Animal Origin, Dalian 116620, China
| | - Ming Shi
- College of Medical, Dalian University, Dalian 116622, China
| | - Junjun Zhao
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Ying Zong
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Ni Wang
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Yongping Xu
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China; Ministry of Education Center for Food Safety of Animal Origin, Dalian 116620, China.
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45
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Li X, Jing K, Wang X, Li Y, Zhang M, Li Z, Xu L, Wang L, Xu Y. Protective effects of chicken egg yolk antibody (IgY) against experimental Vibrio splendidus infection in the sea cucumber (Apostichopus japonicus). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 48:105-111. [PMID: 26592708 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2015.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Revised: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Vibrio splendidus is one of the most harmful pathogens associated with skin ulceration syndrome in the sea cucumber (Apostichopus japonicus) due to its high virulence and frequency of appearance. The objective of this study was to determine the effectiveness of chicken egg yolk antibody (IgY) against V. splendidus infection in the sea cucumber. Whole V. splendidus cells were used as an immunogen to immunize 20 White Leghorn hens (25 weeks old). IgY was produced from egg yolks obtained from these immunized hens using water dilution, two-step salt precipitation and ultrafiltration. The purity of the IgY produced was approximately 83%. Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay indicated a high specificity for IgY with a maximum antibody titer of 320,000. The growth of V. splendidus in liquid medium was significantly inhibited by IgY in a dose-dependent manner at concentrations ranging from 1 to 10 mg/mL. The protective effects of IgY were evaluated in sea cucumber by intraperitoneally injecting anti-V. splendidus IgY antibodies (10 mg/mL) or immersing the sea cucumber in aqueous IgY (1 g/L) after an intraperitoneal injection of V. splendidus. Intraperitoneal injection resulted in an 80% survival while immersion resulted in a 75% survival during the 11-day experimental period. The survival rates were significantly higher than the positive control and the non-specific IgY group (P < 0.05). As well, the bacterial burden in the respiratory tree, intestine and coelomic liquid was significantly (P < 0.05) lower in sea cucumber treated with specific IgY than those treated with non-specific IgY. The phagocytosis of coelomocytes for V. splendidus in the presence of specific IgY was significantly (P < 0.05) higher than that obtained with non-specific IgY or without IgY, suggesting that specific IgY enhanced phagocytic activity. The current work suggests that specific IgY has potential for protecting sea cucumbers against V. splendidus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Li
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China; Ministry of Education Center for Food Safety of Animal Origin, Dalian 116620, China
| | - Kailin Jing
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Xitao Wang
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Yuan Li
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Meixia Zhang
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Zhen Li
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Le Xu
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Lili Wang
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China; Ministry of Education Center for Food Safety of Animal Origin, Dalian 116620, China
| | - Yongping Xu
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China; Ministry of Education Center for Food Safety of Animal Origin, Dalian 116620, China.
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Passive immunization with hyperimmune egg-yolk IgY as prophylaxis and therapy for poultry diseases – A review. Anim Health Res Rev 2015; 16:163-76. [DOI: 10.1017/s1466252315000195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
AbstractPassive immunization with pathogen-specific egg yolk antibodies (IgY) is emerging as a potential alternative to antibiotics for the treatment and prevention of various human and animal diseases. Laying hens are an excellent source of high-quality polyclonal antibodies, which can be collected noninvasively from egg yolks. The use of IgY offers several advantages in that it is environmentally friendly, nontoxic, and reduces the numbers of animals required for antibody production. This paper reviews the use of IgY antibodies in the treatment and prevention of enteric pathogen infections in poultry. Brief descriptions of the production, structure, and properties of IgY are also presented. Some limitations of the technology and future perspectives are discussed.
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47
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He J, Hu J, Thirumalai D, Schade R, Du E, Zhang X. Development of indirect competitive ELISA using egg yolk-derived immunoglobulin (IgY) for the detection of Gentamicin residues. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2015; 51:8-13. [PMID: 26513166 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2015.1080479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Gentamicin (Gent) is an aminoglycoside antibiotic being used in livestock sector. Gent residues could cause some genetic disorders by nonsense mutations. This study aimed to develop IgY-based ELISA for the detection of Gent in animal products. Gent was conjugated with Bovine serum albumin (BSA) by carbodiimide method for further immunization in the laying chickens. PEG-6000 extraction method was employed to extract IgY from the egg yolk. The titer of anti-Gent-IgY attained the peak of 1:256,000 after the 5(th) booster immunization. Checkerboard titration confirmed that, anti-Gent IgY in 1:2,000 dilution could give an Optical Density (OD) 1.0 at 2 µg mL(-1) of Gent-OVA coating concentration. IgY-based indirect competitive ELISA (Ic-ELISA) showed that, the IC50 value of anti-Gent IgY was 2.69 ng mL(-1) and regression curve equation was y = -16.27x + 56.97 (R(2) = 0.95, n = 3), confirming that, the detection limit (LOD, IC10 value) was 0.01 ng mL(-1). Recoveries from fresh milk, pork and chicken samples were ranged from 69.82% to 94.32%, with relative standard deviation lower than 10.88%. Our results suggested that generated anti-Gent IgY antibodies can be used in routine screening analysis of Gent residues in food samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxin He
- a College of Animal Science, Tarim University , Alaer, Aksu Xinjiang , China
- b College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University , Yangling, Shaanxi , China
| | - Jianjun Hu
- a College of Animal Science, Tarim University , Alaer, Aksu Xinjiang , China
| | - Diraviyam Thirumalai
- b College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University , Yangling, Shaanxi , China
| | - Ruediger Schade
- b College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University , Yangling, Shaanxi , China
| | - Enqi Du
- b College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University , Yangling, Shaanxi , China
| | - Xiaoying Zhang
- a College of Animal Science, Tarim University , Alaer, Aksu Xinjiang , China
- b College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University , Yangling, Shaanxi , China
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48
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Antibodies against Venom of the Snake Deinagkistrodon acutus. Appl Environ Microbiol 2015; 82:71-80. [PMID: 26475102 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02608-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Snake venom protein from Deinagkistrodon acutus (DA protein), one of the major venomous species in Taiwan, causes hemorrhagic symptoms that can lead to death. Although horse-derived antivenin is a major treatment, relatively strong and detrimental side effects are seen occasionally. In our study, yolk immunoglobulin (IgY) was purified from eggs, and DA protein was recognized using Western blotting and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), similar to therapeutic horse antivenin. The ELISA also indicated that specific IgY antibodies were elicited after the fifth booster, plateaued, and lasted for at least 3 months. To generate monoclonal single-chain variable fragment (scFv) antibodies, we used phage display technology to construct two libraries with short or long linkers, containing 6.24 × 10(8) and 5.28 × 10(8) transformants, respectively. After four rounds of biopanning, the eluted phage titer increased, and the phage-based ELISA indicated that the specific clones were enriched. Nucleotide sequences of 30 individual clones expressing scFv were analyzed and classified into four groups that all specifically recognized the DA venom protein. Furthermore, based on mass spectrometry, the scFv-bound protein was deduced to be snake venom metalloproteinase proteins. Most importantly, both IgY and mixed scFv inhibited the lethal effect in mice injected with the minimum lethal dosage of the DA protein. We suggest that together, these antibodies could be applied to the development of diagnostic agents or treatments for snakebite envenomation in the future.
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49
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Vega C, Bok M, Saif L, Fernandez F, Parreño V. Egg yolk IgY antibodies: A therapeutic intervention against group A rotavirus in calves. Res Vet Sci 2015; 103:1-10. [PMID: 26679788 PMCID: PMC4684595 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2015.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Revised: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Bovine group A rotavirus (RVA) is considered the major cause of diarrhea in intensively reared neonatal calves. Chicken egg yolk antibodies (IgY) are efficient in protecting neonatal calves from RVA diarrhea; however, the value of this intervention in calves once diarrhea has appeared is unclear. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the application of RVA-specific IgY as a passive treatment in those cases. The experimental groups were: G1 = RVA-specific IgY treatment; G2 = no Ab treatment; and G3 = colostrum deprived + no Ab treatment. IgY treatment significantly reduced virus shedding, diarrhea duration and severity compared to G2 and G3 calves. However, it caused a partial suppression of systemic Ab responses to RVA that could be associated with less severe diarrhea. The oral treatment with IgY for 7 days was associated with significantly higher antibody secreting cell responses in the calves compared with other groups of animals. Neonatal calf diarrhea is a critical problem and passive therapy with IgY Abs is a way to control it. There are no solid studies using rotavirus specific IgY Abs once calves suffer from diarrhea. We provide here scientific information regarding the effects of IgY-based products. This information is critical considering that IgY Abs are being sold in several countries. We prove the therapeutic value of IgY-based treatment and the industrialization of this product.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Vega
- Instituto de Virología, CICV y A - INTA, Castelar, Buenos Aires CC 25 (1712), Argentina
| | - M Bok
- Instituto de Virología, CICV y A - INTA, Castelar, Buenos Aires CC 25 (1712), Argentina
| | - L Saif
- Food Animal Health Research Program (FAHRP), The Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, USA
| | - F Fernandez
- Instituto de Virología, CICV y A - INTA, Castelar, Buenos Aires CC 25 (1712), Argentina
| | - V Parreño
- Instituto de Virología, CICV y A - INTA, Castelar, Buenos Aires CC 25 (1712), Argentina.
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50
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Oliver C, Valenzuela K, Silva H, Haro R, Cortés M, Sandoval R, Pontigo J, Álvarez C, Figueroa J, Avendaño-Herrera R, Troncoso J, Yáñez A. Effectiveness of egg yolk immunoglobulin against the intracellular salmonid pathogen Piscirickettsia salmonis. J Appl Microbiol 2015; 119:365-76. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.12857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Revised: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. Oliver
- Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología; Facultad de Ciencias; Universidad Austral de Chile; Valdivia Chile
| | - K. Valenzuela
- Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología; Facultad de Ciencias; Universidad Austral de Chile; Valdivia Chile
| | - H. Silva
- Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología; Facultad de Ciencias; Universidad Austral de Chile; Valdivia Chile
| | - R.E. Haro
- Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología; Facultad de Ciencias; Universidad Austral de Chile; Valdivia Chile
| | - M. Cortés
- Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología; Facultad de Ciencias; Universidad Austral de Chile; Valdivia Chile
| | - R. Sandoval
- Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología; Facultad de Ciencias; Universidad Austral de Chile; Valdivia Chile
| | - J.P. Pontigo
- Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología; Facultad de Ciencias; Universidad Austral de Chile; Valdivia Chile
| | - C. Álvarez
- Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología; Facultad de Ciencias; Universidad Austral de Chile; Valdivia Chile
| | - J.E. Figueroa
- Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología; Facultad de Ciencias; Universidad Austral de Chile; Valdivia Chile
- Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR); Concepción Chile
| | - R. Avendaño-Herrera
- Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR); Concepción Chile
- Laboratorio de Patología de Organismos Acuáticos y Biotecnología Acuícola; Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas; Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas; Universidad Andrés Bello; Viña del Mar Chile
- Centro de Investigación Marina Quintay (CIMARQ); Quintay Chile
| | | | - A.J. Yáñez
- Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología; Facultad de Ciencias; Universidad Austral de Chile; Valdivia Chile
- Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR); Concepción Chile
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