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Zhao W, Ju H, Zhu K. Meta-analysis of the intervention effects of tai chi on fasting blood glucose, blood pressure and triglyceride in middle-aged and elderly people. Aging Male 2024; 27:2282977. [PMID: 38259166 DOI: 10.1080/13685538.2023.2282977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and hyperglycemia have emerged as global health concerns of paramount significance. With the burgeoning popularity of mind-body therapy, cardiovascular patients have increasingly exhibited a vested interest in the practice of Tai Chi. The objective of this study seeks to quantitatively assess the impact of Tai Chi interventions on blood pressure, lipid levels, and glucose concentrations among the elderly population, thereby explaining the optimal intervention protocol. METHODS An extensive search was conducted across multiple databases, including Web of Science, PubMed, CNKI, WANFANG DATA, RISS, KISS, and DBPIA, comprising English, Korean, and Chinese literature. The search strategy employed a retrieval method of subject term 1 + subject term 2, which included both full names and abbreviations of the terms. Specifically, "taijiquan" or "Tai Chi" were set as the Term 1, while Term 2 was set as "blood pressure," "BP," "Fasting blood glucose," "FBG," "Triglyceride," and "TG." Thereafter, the retrieved articles were filtered in accordance with the PICOS method. Risk of bias assessment was performed using RoB 2.0, while data analysis was conducted using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis 3.7. RESULTS A total of 57 studies, including 3,856 research subjects, were eligible for inclusion. The findings of the primary effect quantitative synthesis demonstrated that Tai Chi exerted an improvement on systolic blood pressure (SBP) (ES = -0.764, p < .001), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (ES = -0.426, p = .001), triglyceride (TG) (ES = -0.452, p < .001), and fasting blood glucose concentrations (FBG) (ES = -0.552, p = .002) among middle-aged and elderly individuals. Subgroup analysis further revealed that the intervention effects were significantly influenced by the characteristics of the research subjects and the specific intervention protocol employed. CONCLUSION Tai Chi, as a gentle form of aerobic exercise, exerts a profound impact on reducing blood pressure, fasting blood glucose levels, and triglyceride concentrations among middle-aged and elderly individuals. Notably, the intervention effect is particularly pronounced among male patients afflicted with hypertension, hyperglycemia, and hyperlipidemia. Based on the collective advantages underscored by this research, we strongly recommend engaging in Tai Chi exercises for a minimum duration of 16 weeks, with each session lasting 30-50 min and conducted 6-7 times per week, without any restrictions on the style employed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzheng Zhao
- Department of Sports Science, Kyonggi University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Hanyu Ju
- Department of Sports Science, Kyonggi University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Kaituo Zhu
- Department of Sports Science, Kyonggi University, Suwon, South Korea
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Effects of tai chi cardiac rehabilitation program on anxiety and depression in patients with coronary heart disease: A randomized controlled clinical trial. Eur J Integr Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eujim.2022.102147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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The Effect of Different Traditional Chinese Exercises on Blood Lipid in Middle-Aged and Elderly Individuals: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11070714. [PMID: 34357085 PMCID: PMC8305451 DOI: 10.3390/life11070714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the impact of physical exercise on blood lipids is well documented, less information is available regarding the effect of traditional Chinese exercises (TCEs), and it is unclear what the best TCE treatment for dyslipidemia in middle-aged and elderly individuals is. The aim of this study was to systematically assess the effects of TCEs (Taijiquan, TJQ; Wuqinxi, WQX; Baduanjin, BDJ; Liuzijue, LZJ; Yijinjing, YJJ; Dawu, DW) on blood lipids in middle-aged and elderly individuals. Chinese and English databases were searched, including PubMed, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Database, Chongqing VIP, and Web of Science. A total of 42 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) including 2977 subjects were analyzed. Outcome indicators include total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triacylglyceride (TAG), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). Summary mean differences (MD) were calculated using pairwise and network meta-analysis with a random-effects model. The results of this study showed that compared to non-exercise intervention (NEI), all six kinds of TCE treatment had some kind of influence on blood lipid indicators, among which WQX and TJQ could improve all four blood lipid indicators, whereas BDJ was effective on three indicators but not on TC. The results of cumulative probability ranking showed that WQX (84.9%, 73.8%, 63.4%, 63.1% to TC, TAG, HDL-C, LDL-C, respectively) was at the top spot being the best intervention, followed by BDJ (55.6%, 83.7%, 68.4%, 56.1%) and TJQ (73.7%, 47.6%, 63.1%, 54.1%). The network meta-analysis of RCTs demonstrates that WQX may be the best TCE treatment for dyslipidemia in middle-aged and elderly individuals.
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Wu Y, Johnson BT, Chen S, Chen Y, Livingston J, Pescatello LS. Tai Ji Quan as antihypertensive lifestyle therapy: A systematic review and meta-analysis. JOURNAL OF SPORT AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2021; 10:211-221. [PMID: 32360952 PMCID: PMC7987647 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2020.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Professional health organizations are not currently recommending Tai Ji Quan alongside aerobic exercise to treat hypertension. We aimed to examine the efficacy of Tai Ji Quan as antihypertensive lifestyle therapy. METHODS Tai Ji Quan interventions published in English and Chinese were included when they involved healthy adults, reported pre- and post-intervention blood pressure (BP), and had a non-exercise/non-diet control group. We systematically searched 11 electronic databases for studies published through July 31, 2018, yielding 31 qualifying controlled trials. We (1) evaluated the risk of bias and methodological study quality, (2) performed meta-regression analyses following random-effects assumptions, and (3) generated additive models representing the largest possible clinically relevant BP reductions. RESULTS Participants (n = 3223) were middle-aged (56.6 ± 15.1 years of age, mean ± SD) adults with prehypertension (systolic BP (SBP) = 136.9 ± 15.2 mmHg, diastolic BP (DBP) = 83.4 ± 8.7 mmHg). Tai Ji Quan was practiced 4.0 ± 1.4 sessions/week for 54.0 ± 10.6 min/session for 22.3 ± 20.2 weeks. Overall, Tai Ji Quan elicited significant reductions in SBP (-11.3 mmHg, 95%CI: -14.6 to -8.0; d+ = -0.75) and DBP (-4.8 mmHg, 95%CI: -6.4 to -3.1; d+ = -0.53) vs. control (p < 0.001). Controlling for publication bias among samples with hypertension, Tai Ji Quan trials published in English elicited SBP reductions of 10.4 mmHg and DBP reductions of 4.0 mmHg, which was half the magnitude of trials published in Chinese (SBP reductions of 18.6 mmHg and DBP reductions of 8.8 mmHg). CONCLUSION Our results indicate that Tai Ji Quan is a viable antihypertensive lifestyle therapy that produces clinically meaningful BP reductions (i.e., 10.4 mmHg and 4.0 mmHg of SBP and DBP reductions, respectively) among individuals with hypertension. Such magnitude of BP reductions can lower the incidence of cardiovascular disease by up to 40%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Wu
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA; Institute for Collaboration on Health, Intervention, and Policy, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.
| | - Blair T Johnson
- Institute for Collaboration on Health, Intervention, and Policy, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA; Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Shiqi Chen
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Yiyang Chen
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Jill Livingston
- Homer Babbidge Library, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Linda S Pescatello
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA; Institute for Collaboration on Health, Intervention, and Policy, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
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Perloff J, Thomas CP, Macklin E, Gagnon P, Tsai T, Isaza I, Wayne PM, Lipsitz L. The Impact of Tai Chi Exercise on Health Care Utilization and Imputed Cost in Residents of Low-Income Senior Housing. Glob Adv Health Med 2021; 10:2164956120985479. [PMID: 33598365 PMCID: PMC7841657 DOI: 10.1177/2164956120985479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES This study was designed to test the impact of Tai Chi (TC) on healthcare utilization and cost in older adults living in low-income senior housing. We hypothesized that TC would improve overall health enough to reduce the use of emergency department (ED) and inpatient services. DESIGN Cluster randomized controlled trial with randomization at the housing site level. SETTING Greater Boston, Massachusetts. PARTICIPANTS The study includes 6 sites with 75 individuals in the TC treatment condition and 6 sites with 67 individuals in the health education control condition. INTERVENTION Members of the treatment group received up to a year-long intervention with twice weekly, in-person TC exercise sessions along with video-directed exercises that could be done independently at home. The comparison group received monthly, in-person healthy aging education classes (HE). Study recruitment took place between August, 2015 and October, 2017. Key outcomes included acute care utilization (inpatient stays, observation stays and emergency department visits). In addition, the cost of utilization was estimated using the age, sex and race adjusted allowed amount from Medicare claims for a geographically similar population aged ≥ 65. RESULTS The results suggested a possible reduction in the rate of ED visits in the TC group vs. controls (rate ratio = 0.476, p-value = 0.06), but no findings achieved statistical significance. Adjusted estimates of imputed costs of ED and hospital care were similar between TC and HE, averaging approximately $3,000 in each group. CONCLUSION ED utilization tended to be lower over 6 to 12 months of TC exercises compared to HE in older adults living in low-income housing, although estimated costs of care were similar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Perloff
- The Heller School for Social Policy and Management, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts
| | - Cindy Parks Thomas
- The Heller School for Social Policy and Management, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts
| | - Eric Macklin
- Hebrew SeniorLife, Hinda and Arthur Marcus Institute for Aging Research, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Peggy Gagnon
- Hebrew SeniorLife, Hinda and Arthur Marcus Institute for Aging Research, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Timothy Tsai
- Hebrew SeniorLife, Hinda and Arthur Marcus Institute for Aging Research, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ilean Isaza
- Hebrew SeniorLife, Hinda and Arthur Marcus Institute for Aging Research, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Peter M Wayne
- Hebrew SeniorLife, Hinda and Arthur Marcus Institute for Aging Research, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Lewis Lipsitz
- Hebrew SeniorLife, Hinda and Arthur Marcus Institute for Aging Research, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Division of Gerontology, Boston, Massachusetts
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Salmoirago-Blotcher E, Trivedi D, Dunsiger S. Tai Chi practice and change in exercise habits in survivors of acute coronary syndromes: Is mindfulness a possible mechanism? Explore (NY) 2020; 17:475-478. [PMID: 32978061 DOI: 10.1016/j.explore.2020.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mechanisms by which mind-body practice may improve exercise behaviors in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) are unknown. PURPOSE To identify predictors of exercise behaviors developed in response to a tai chi intervention. METHODS We conducted an exploratory analysis using data from a pilot study of tai chi for physically inactive patients with CHD. We used Latent Class Analysis to identify patterns of moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) (accelerometry-assessed, average min/week) over the 9-month study period. Logistic regression was used to evaluate associations between MVPA patterns and changes in exercise self-efficacy (Self-efficacy for exercise scale), social support (Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support), resilience (Brief Resilience Survey), and mindfulness (Five Facets of Mindfulness) at 6 months. RESULTS Data supported a 3-class model over time: 31% of participants were in class 1 (high and sustained MVPA, > 200 min/week), 21% were in class 2 (low and decreasing MVPA, < 100 > 50 min/week), and 48% in class 3 (low and stable MVPA, < 50 min/week). Higher mindfulness scores at 6 months were associated with a high and sustained MVPA pattern (b = 1.89, SE = 0.15, p = .01). Social support was inversely associated with low and decreasing MVPA (b = -0.72, SE = 0.34, p = .04). No associations were noted with the other factors. CONCLUSIONS Improvements in mindfulness were associated with a distinct high and sustained MVPA pattern. Although only hypothesis-generating, these findings suggest that improvements in mindfulness skills could be a mechanism for the possible effect of Tai Chi in the promotion of MVPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Salmoirago-Blotcher
- The Miriam Hospital, Providence, RI, United States; Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States.
| | | | - Shira Dunsiger
- School of Public Health, Brown University, United States
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Effect of a Single Session of Tai Chi Chuan Practice on Glucose and Lipid Metabolism and Related Hormones. Life (Basel) 2020; 10:life10080145. [PMID: 32784834 PMCID: PMC7460509 DOI: 10.3390/life10080145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To examine the effect of Tai Chi Chuan (TCC) practice on glucose and lipid metabolism and related hormones in TCC practitioners. METHODS Twenty-one TCC practitioners and nineteen healthy controls were included in this study. Classical Yang's TCC was practiced by the TCC practitioners. The percentage changes in serum total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), serum glucose (SG), serum insulin, serum insulin level, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), log(HOMA-IR), quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI), and serum endothelin-1 (ET-1) before and 30 min after resting or TCC practice were compared between healthy controls and TCC practitioners. RESULTS Before TCC or resting, the serum insulin level, HOMA-IR, and log(HOMA-IR) of the TCC practitioners were significantly lower than those of healthy subjects, whereas the QUICKI of the TCC practitioners was significantly higher than that of healthy subjects. Thirty min after TCC practice, the %TC, %HDL-C, %QUICKI, and %ET-1 were all significantly decreased, whereas the %SG, %serum insulin, and %HOMA-IR were significantly increased in the TCC group as compared to the control group 30 min after resting. CONCLUSIONS The serum glucose, insulin level and insulin resistance were enhanced, whereas the cholesterol, HDL-C and ET-1 levels were reduced 30 min after TCC practice. The mechanism underlying these effects of TCC 30 min after TCC is not clear yet.
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Cheng D, Wang B, Li Q, Guo Y, Wang L. Research on Function and Mechanism of Tai Chi on Cardiac Rehabilitation. Chin J Integr Med 2020; 26:393-400. [PMID: 32350802 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-020-3262-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
With the increasing number of cardiovascular patients, more and more people are living with diseases. Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) is an effective treatment and prevention measure for cardiovascular disease (CVD), which aims to relieve both psychological and physiological stress of CVD, reduce risk of death from CVD, improve cardiovascular function and patients' quality of life. Tai Chi is popular in China and mainly used as a daily leisure activity for the elderly to strengthen their bodies. This review discusses whether Tai Chi could be taken as a positive intervention in CR and what is the exact role and its mechanisms as exercise therapy for CVD. The authors detail the role of Tai Chi on CR from the aspects of exercise capacity, risk factors of CVD and psychological factors, etc., as well as highlight the limitation of Tai Chi research at present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duan Cheng
- Department of Rehabilitation, Acupuncture and Moxibustion and Massage College • Health Preservation and Rehabilitation College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Wangjing Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100102, China
| | - Qian Li
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Yan Guo
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China.
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Acupuncture and Moxibustion and Massage College • Health Preservation and Rehabilitation College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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Lauche R, Peng W, Ferguson C, Cramer H, Frawley J, Adams J, Sibbritt D. Efficacy of Tai Chi and qigong for the prevention of stroke and stroke risk factors: A systematic review with meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2017; 96:e8517. [PMID: 29137055 PMCID: PMC5690748 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000008517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2017] [Revised: 10/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This review aims to summarize the evidence of Tai Chi and qigong interventions for the primary prevention of stroke, including the effects on populations with major stroke risk factors. METHODS A systematic literature search was conducted on January 16, 2017 using the PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and CINAHL databases. Randomized controlled trials examining the efficacy of Tai Chi or qigong for stroke prevention and stroke risk factors were included. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool. RESULTS Twenty-one trials with n = 1604 patients with hypertension, hyperlipidaemia, diabetes, overweight or obesity, or metabolic syndrome were included. No trials were found that examined the effects of Tai Chi/qigong on stroke incidence. Meta-analyses revealed significant, but not robust, benefits of Tai Chi/qigong over no interventions for hypertension (systolic blood pressure: -15.55 mm Hg (95% CI: -21.16; -9.95); diastolic blood pressure: -10.66 mm Hg (95% CI: -14.90, -6.43); the homeostatic model assessment (HOMA) index (-2.86%; 95% CI: -5.35, -0.38) and fasting blood glucose (-9.6 mg/dL; 95% CI: -17.28, -1.91), and for the body mass index compared with exercise controls (-1.65 kg/m; 95% CI: -3.11, -0.20). Risk of bias was unclear or high for the majority of trials and domains, and heterogeneity between trials was high. Only 6 trials adequately reported safety. No recommendation for the use of Tai Chi/qigong for the prevention of stroke can be given. CONCLUSION Although Tai Chi and qigong show some potential more robust studies are required to provide conclusive evidence on the efficacy and safety of Tai Chi and qigong for reducing major stroke risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romy Lauche
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine (ARCCIM)
| | - Wenbo Peng
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine (ARCCIM)
| | - Caleb Ferguson
- Faculty of Health, Centre for Cardiovascular and Chronic Care, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Holger Cramer
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine (ARCCIM)
- Department of Internal and Integrative Medicine, Kliniken Essen-Mitte, Faculty of Medicine, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Jane Frawley
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine (ARCCIM)
| | - Jon Adams
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine (ARCCIM)
| | - David Sibbritt
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine (ARCCIM)
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Fedewa MV, Hathaway ED, Ward-Ritacco CL. Effect of exercise training on C reactive protein: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised and non-randomised controlled trials. Br J Sports Med 2016; 51:670-676. [PMID: 27445361 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2016-095999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE C-reactive protein (CRP) is a marker of chronic systemic inflammation frequently used in cardiovascular disease risk assessment. The purpose of this meta-analysis was to provide a quantitative estimate of the magnitude of change in CRP following participation in physical exercise interventions. METHODS All studies included in the meta-analysis were peer reviewed and published in English. Human participants were assigned to a non-exercise comparison group or exercise training group, with the intervention lasting ≥2 weeks. CRP levels were measured at baseline, during and/or after completion of the exercise training programme. Random-effects models were used to aggregate a mean effect size (ES), 95% CIs and potential moderators. RESULTS 83 randomised and non-randomised controlled trials met the inclusion criteria and resulted in 143 effects (n=3769). The mean ES of 0.26 (95% CI 0.18 to 0.34, p<0.001) indicated a decrease in CRP following exercise training. A decrease in body mass index (BMI; β=1.20, SE=0.25, p<0.0001) and %Fat (β=0.76, SE=0.21, p=0.0002) were associated with a decrease in CRP, independently accounting for 11.1% and 6.6% of the variation in response, respectively. Exercise training led to a greater reduction in CRP when accompanied by a decrease in BMI (ES=0.38, 95% CI 0.26 to 0.50); however, a significant improvement in CRP occurred in the absence of weight loss (ES=0.19, 95% CI 0.10 to 0.28; both p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that engaging in exercise training is associated with a decrease in CRP levels regardless of the age or sex of the individual; however, greater improvements in CRP level occur with a decrease in BMI or %Fat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael V Fedewa
- Department of Kinesiology, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama, USA
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Wang XQ, Pi YL, Chen PJ, Liu Y, Wang R, Li X, Chen BL, Zhu Y, Yang YJ, Niu ZB. Traditional Chinese Exercise for Cardiovascular Diseases: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. J Am Heart Assoc 2016; 5:e002562. [PMID: 26961239 PMCID: PMC4943241 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.115.002562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Background Traditional Chinese exercise (TCE) has widespread use for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease; however, there appears to be no consensus about the benefits of TCE for patients with cardiovascular disease. The objective of this systematic review was to determine the effects of TCE for patients with cardiovascular disease. Methods and Results Relevant studies were searched by PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, and the China National Knowledge Infrastructure. We covered only published articles with randomized controlled trials. The outcome measures included physiological outcomes, biochemical outcomes, physical function, quality of life, and depression. A total of 35 articles with 2249 cardiovascular disease patients satisfied the inclusion criteria. The pooling revealed that TCE could decrease systolic blood pressure by 9.12 mm Hg (95% CI −16.38 to −1.86, P=0.01) and diastolic blood pressure by 5.12 mm Hg (95% CI −7.71 to −2.52, P<0.001). Patients performing TCE also found benefits compared with those in the control group in terms of triglyceride (standardized mean difference −0.33, 95% CI −0.56 to −0.09, P=0.006), 6‐minute walk test (mean difference 59.58 m, 95% CI −153.13 to 269.93, P=0.03), Minnesota Living With Heart Failure Questionnaire results (mean difference −17.08, 95% CI −23.74 to −10.41, P<0.001), 36‐Item Short Form physical function scale (mean difference 0.82, 95% CI 0.32–1.33, P=0.001), and Profile of Mood States depression scale (mean difference −3.02, 95% CI −3.50 to −2.53, P<0.001). Conclusions This study demonstrated that TCE can effectively improve physiological outcomes, biochemical outcomes, physical function, quality of life, and depression among patients with cardiovascular disease. More high‐quality randomized controlled trials on this topic are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Qiang Wang
- Department of Sport Rehabilitation, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai Shangti Orthopaedic Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan-Ling Pi
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai Punan Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Pei-Jie Chen
- Department of Sport Rehabilitation, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Ru Wang
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Sport Rehabilitation, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Bing-Lin Chen
- Department of Sport Rehabilitation, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Zhu
- Rehabilitation Therapy Center, Hainan Province Nongken General Hospital, Haikou, China
| | - Yu-Jie Yang
- Second School of Clinical Medical, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhan-Bin Niu
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
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Winters-Stone K. Tai Ji Quan for the aging cancer survivor: Mitigating the accelerated development of disability, falls, and cardiovascular disease from cancer treatment. JOURNAL OF SPORT AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2014; 3:52-57. [PMID: 25285233 PMCID: PMC4180213 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2013.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Currently there are more than 13.7 million cancer survivors living in the U.S., and that figure is projected to increase by 31% in the next decade, adding another 4 million cancer survivors into the healthcare system. Cancer is largely a disease of aging, and the aging of the population will sharply raise the proportion of older cancer survivors, many of whom will be long-term survivors (5+ years post diagnosis). This review will address the potential utility of exercise to address three health problems that are of particular concern for the aging cancer survivor and the healthcare system, i.e., disability, falls, and cardiovascular disease, because the development of these age-related problems may be accelerated by cancer treatment. While there are many different modes of exercise that each produce specific adaptations, Tai Ji Quan may be a particularly suitable strategy to mitigate the development of age- and cancer-treatment-related problems. Based on studies in older adults without cancer, Tai Ji Quan produces musculoskeletal and cardiometabolic adaptations and is more easily performed by older adults due to its low energy cost and slower movement patterns. Since cancer survivors are mostly older, inactive, and often physically limited by the lingering side effects of treatment, they need to engage in safe, practical, and effective modes of exercise. The dearth of published controlled trials examining the efficacy of Tai Ji Quan to mitigate cancer-treatment-related musculoskeletal and cardiovascular side effects points to ample research opportunities to explore the application of this non-Western exercise modality to improve long-term outcomes for aging cancer survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerri Winters-Stone
- School of Nursing and Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
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Tai chi chuan exercise for patients with cardiovascular disease. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 2013:983208. [PMID: 24348732 PMCID: PMC3855938 DOI: 10.1155/2013/983208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2012] [Revised: 08/19/2013] [Accepted: 09/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Exercise training is the cornerstone of rehabilitation for patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD). Although high-intensity exercise has significant cardiovascular benefits, light-to-moderate intensity aerobic exercise also offers health benefits. With lower-intensity workouts, patients may be able to exercise for longer periods of time and increase the acceptance of exercise, particularly in unfit and elderly patients. Tai Chi Chuan (Tai Chi) is a traditional Chinese mind-body exercise. The exercise intensity of Tai Chi is light to moderate, depending on its training style, posture, and duration. Previous research has shown that Tai Chi enhances aerobic capacity, muscular strength, balance, and psychological well-being. Additionally, Tai Chi training has significant benefits for common cardiovascular risk factors, such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, poor exercise capacity, endothelial dysfunction, and depression. Tai Chi is safe and effective in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery, congestive heart failure (HF), and stroke. In conclusion, Tai Chi has significant benefits to patients with cardiovascular disease, and it may be prescribed as an alternative exercise program for selected patients with CVD.
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Lu WA, Kuo CD. Three months of Tai Chi Chuan exercise can reduce serum triglyceride and endothelin-1 in the elderly. Complement Ther Clin Pract 2013; 19:204-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ctcp.2013.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2013] [Revised: 06/20/2013] [Accepted: 06/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Tai chi chuan in medicine and health promotion. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 2013:502131. [PMID: 24159346 PMCID: PMC3789446 DOI: 10.1155/2013/502131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2013] [Accepted: 06/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Tai Chi Chuan (Tai Chi) is a Chinese traditional mind-body exercise and recently, it becomes popular worldwide. During the practice of Tai Chi, deep diaphragmatic breathing is integrated into body motions to achieve a harmonious balance between body and mind and to facilitate the flow of internal energy (Qi). Participants can choose to perform a complete set of Tai Chi or selected movements according to their needs. Previous research substantiates that Tai Chi has significant benefits to health promotion, and regularly practicing Tai Chi improves aerobic capacity, muscular strength, balance, health-related quality of life, and psychological well-being. Recent studies also prove that Tai Chi is safe and effective for patients with neurological diseases (e.g., stroke, Parkinson's disease, traumatic brain injury, multiple sclerosis, cognitive dysfunction), rheumatological disease (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, and fibromyalgia), orthopedic diseases (e.g., osteoarthritis, osteoporosis, low-back pain, and musculoskeletal disorder), cardiovascular diseases (e.g., acute myocardial infarction, coronary artery bypass grafting surgery, and heart failure), chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases, and breast cancers. Tai Chi is an aerobic exercise with mild-to-moderate intensity and is appropriate for implementation in the community. This paper reviews the existing literature on Tai Chi and introduces its health-promotion effect and the potential clinical applications.
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Chang RY, Koo M, Chen CK, Lu YC, Lin YF. Effects of Habitual T'ai Chi Exercise on Adiponectin, Glucose Homeostasis, Lipid Profile, and Atherosclerotic Burden in Individuals with Cardiovascular Risk Factors. J Altern Complement Med 2013; 19:697-703. [DOI: 10.1089/acm.2011.0966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rei-Yeuh Chang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Natural Healing Sciences, Nanhua University, Taiwan
- Chung Jen College of Nursing, Health Sciences and Management, Taiwan
| | - Malcolm Koo
- Department of Medical Research, Buddhist Dalin Tzu Chi General Hospital, Taiwan
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Cheng-Kang Chen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Cheng Lu
- Nuclear Medicine, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Fen Lin
- Laboratory Medicine, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Taiwan
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Song RY, Park MK, Cheong JO, Park JH, Seong IW. Effects of Tai Chi Exercises on Cardiovascular Risks, Recurrence Risk, and Quality of Life in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.7475/kjan.2013.25.5.515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rha Yun Song
- College of Nursing, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | | | - Jin-Ok Cheong
- School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Jae-Hyeong Park
- School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - In-Whan Seong
- School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
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Romero-Zurita A, Carbonell-Baeza A, Aparicio VA, Ruiz JR, Tercedor P, Delgado-Fernández M. Effectiveness of a tai-chi training and detraining on functional capacity, symptomatology and psychological outcomes in women with fibromyalgia. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2012; 2012:614196. [PMID: 22649476 PMCID: PMC3357550 DOI: 10.1155/2012/614196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2012] [Revised: 02/23/2012] [Accepted: 02/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background. The purpose was to analyze the effects of Tai-Chi training in women with fibromyalgia (FM). Methods. Thirty-two women with FM (mean age, 51.4 ± 6.8 years) attended to Tai-Chi intervention 3 sessions weekly for 28 weeks. The outcome measures were: tenderness, body composition, functional capacity and psychological outcomes (Fibromyalgia impact questionnaire (FIQ), Short Form Health Survey 36 (SF-36)). Results. Patients showed improvements on pain threshold, total number of tender points and algometer score (all P < 0.001). The intervention was effective on 6-min walk (P = 0.006), back scratch (P = 0.002), handgrip strength (P = 0.006), chair stand, chair sit & reach, 8 feet up & go and blind flamingo tests (all P < 0.001). Tai-Chi group improved the FIQ total score (P < 0.001) and six subscales: stiffness (P = 0.005), pain, fatigue, morning tiredness, anxiety, and depression (all P < 0.001). The intervention was also effective in six SF-36 subscales: bodily pain (P = 0.003), vitality (P = 0.018), physical functioning, physical role, general health, and mental health (all P < 0.001). Conclusions. A 28-week Tai-Chi intervention showed improvements on pain, functional capacity, symptomatology and psychological outcomes in female FM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Romero-Zurita
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, School of Sports Sciences, University of Granada, 18011 Granada, Spain
| | - Ana Carbonell-Baeza
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, School of Sports Sciences, University of Granada, 18011 Granada, Spain
- Department of Physical Education, School of Education Sciences, University of Cádiz, 11519 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Virginia A. Aparicio
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, School of Sports Sciences, University of Granada, 18011 Granada, Spain
- Department of Physiology, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Jonatan R. Ruiz
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, School of Sports Sciences, University of Granada, 18011 Granada, Spain
- Unit for Preventive Nutrition, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, 14183 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Pablo Tercedor
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, School of Sports Sciences, University of Granada, 18011 Granada, Spain
| | - Manuel Delgado-Fernández
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, School of Sports Sciences, University of Granada, 18011 Granada, Spain
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Health-related quality of life and biomarkers in breast cancer survivors participating in tai chi chuan. J Cancer Surviv 2011; 6:146-54. [PMID: 22160628 DOI: 10.1007/s11764-011-0205-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2011] [Accepted: 10/14/2011] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Breast cancer survivors experience diminished health-related quality of life (HRQOL). We report on the influence of tai chi chuan exercise (TCC) on HRQOL and explore associations between changes in HRQOL and biomarkers. METHODS Breast cancer survivors (N = 21) were randomly assigned to TCC or standard support therapy (SST) for 12 weeks (three times/week; 60 min/session). Interleukin-6, interleukin-8 (IL-8), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), insulin-like growth factor-binding protein (IBFBP)-1, IGFBP-3, glucose, insulin, and cortisol were measured pre- and postintervention. Overall HRQOL and subdomains were assessed at preintervention (T1), midintervention (T2) and postintervention (T3) and biomarkers at T1 and T3. RESULTS The TCC group improved in total HRQOL (T1-T2:CS = 8.54, P = 0.045), physical functioning (T1-T2:CS = 1.89, P = 0.030), physical role limitations (T1-T2 CS = 1.55, P = 0.023), social functioning (T1-T3:CS = 1.50, P = 0.020), and general mental health (T1-T2:CS = 2.67, P = 0.014; T1-T3:CS = 2.44, P = 0.019). The SST improved in social functioning (T1-T2:CS = 0.64, P = 0.043) and vitality (T1-T2:CS = 0.90, P = 0.01). There were relationships between changes in IGF-1 and overall HRQOL (r = -0.56; P < 0.05), physical role limitation (r = -0.68; P < 0.05), and social functioning (r = -0.56; P < 0.05). IGFBP-1 changes were associated with physical role limitations changes (r = 0.60; P < 0.05). IGFBP-3 changes were associated with physical functioning changes (r = 0.46; P ≤ 0.05). Cortisol changes were associated with changes in physical role limitations (r = 0.74; P < 0.05) and health perceptions (r = 0.46; P < 0.05). Glucose changes were associated with emotional role limitation changes (r = -0.70; P < 0.001). IL-8 changes were associated with emotional role limitation changes (r = 0.59; P < 0.05). DISCUSSION/CONCLUSIONS TCC may improve HRQOL by regulating inflammatory responses and other biomarkers associated with side effects from cancer and its treatments. IMPLICATIONS FOR CANCER SURVIVORS TCC may be an intervention capable of improving HRQOL in breast cancer survivors.
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Dalusung-Angosta A. The impact of Tai Chi exercise on coronary heart disease: a systematic review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 23:376-81. [PMID: 21696487 DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-7599.2011.00597.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE (a) To explore current studies on Tai Chi and its impact on coronary heart disease (CHD), (b) provide critique of existing studies, and (c) provide recommendations for clinical practice and future research. DATA SOURCES Comprehensive review of literature. CONCLUSIONS Tai Chi is a safe alternative exercise for patients who are at risk of CHD or with existing CHD. Implementing Tai Chi exercise may improve serum lipids, blood pressure, and heart rate. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Nurse practitioners (NPs) are in an ideal position to facilitate health promotion and disease prevention. NPs may prescribe Tai Chi as an alternative exercise therapy for their patients who are at risk for developing CHD and even for those with existing CHD. Tai Chi exercise may help prevent and even reverse the progression of cardiac disease.
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Chang RY, Koo M, Ho MY, Lin ZZ, Yu ZR, Lin YF, Wang BJ. Effects of Tai Chi on adiponectin and glucose homeostasis in individuals with cardiovascular risk factors. Eur J Appl Physiol 2010; 111:57-66. [DOI: 10.1007/s00421-010-1628-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/17/2010] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Frishman WH, Beravol P, Carosella C. Alternative and complementary medicine for preventing and treating cardiovascular disease. Dis Mon 2009; 55:121-92. [PMID: 19215737 DOI: 10.1016/j.disamonth.2008.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Song R, Ahn S, So HY, Park IS, Kim HL, Joo KO, Kim JS. Effects of Tai Chi Exercise on Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Quality of Life in Post-menopausal Women. J Korean Acad Nurs 2009; 39:136-44. [DOI: 10.4040/jkan.2009.39.1.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rhayun Song
- Professor, Department of Nursing, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Sukhee Ahn
- Professor, Department of Nursing, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Hee Young So
- Professor, Department of Nursing, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - In Sook Park
- Professor, Department of Nursing, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Hyun Li Kim
- Professor, Department of Nursing, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Kyung Ok Joo
- Researcher, Research Institute of Nursing Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Jong Sung Kim
- Professor, Department of Family Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
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