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Spaccapanico Proietti S, Chiavarini M, Iorio F, Buratta L, Pocetta G, Carestia R, Gobbetti C, Lupi C, Cosenza A, Sorci G, Mazzeschi C, Biscarini A, de Waure C. The role of a mindful movement-based program (Movimento Biologico) in health promotion: results of a pre-post intervention study. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1372660. [PMID: 38919915 PMCID: PMC11196965 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1372660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Mindful movement is a comprehensive approach that integrates various bodily, emotional and cognitive aspects into physical activity, promoting overall well-being. This study assessed the impact of a mindful movement program, known as Movimento Biologico (MB), on participants psychological well-being (PWB), positive mental health (PMH), sense of coherence (SOC), and interoceptive awareness. Methods MB program was conducted for students attending the bachelor's degree in Kinesiology and Sport Sciences of University of Perugia over 8 weeks (from October 16 to November 27, 2022). Participants were requested to fill in four questionnaires before and after the MB program: (1) 18-item PWB scale; (2) 9-item PMH scale; (3) 13-item SOC scale; (4) 32-item scale for Multidimensional Assessment of Interoceptive Awareness (MAIA). Wilcoxon signed-rank tests were used to assess changes, with significance set at p < 0.05. Results Thirty-eight students (mean age 21.2, 60.5% male) participated. Several MAIA subscales, including noticing (p = 0.003), attention management (p = 0.002), emotional awareness (p = 0.007), self-regulation (p < 0.001), body listening (p = 0.001), and trusting (p = 0.001), showed significant improvements. PMH increased significantly (p = 0.015), and there was a significant enhancement in the autonomy subscale of PWB (p = 0.036). SOC and overall PWB also improved, though not significantly. Conclusion The MB program significantly improved participants' positive mental health and interoceptive awareness. This likely resulted from better recognition and management of positive physiological sensations, a stronger link between physical sensations and emotions, enhanced confidence in one's body, and increased autonomy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Manuela Chiavarini
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Section of Hygiene, Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Polytechnic University of the Marche Region, Ancona, Italy
| | - Francesco Iorio
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Livia Buratta
- Department of Philosophy, Social Sciences and Education, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Pocetta
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Roberta Carestia
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Camilla Gobbetti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Chiara Lupi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Antonio Cosenza
- Department of Philosophy, Social Sciences and Education, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Guglielmo Sorci
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Claudia Mazzeschi
- Department of Philosophy, Social Sciences and Education, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Andrea Biscarini
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Chiara de Waure
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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Wan DWJ, Goh LSH, Teo MYK, Loh CJL, Yak GHK, Lee JJH, Ravindran N, Abdul Rahman ND, Chiam M, Ong EK, Somasundaram N, Lim YY, Phua GLG, Krishna LKR. Enhancing self-care education amongst medical students: a systematic scoping review. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2024; 24:37. [PMID: 38191374 PMCID: PMC10773141 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-023-04965-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reports of emotional, existential and moral distress amongst medical students witnessing death and suffering of patients during their clinical postings have raised awareness on the need for better psycho-emotional support during medical school. Furthermore, the stress experienced by medical students stemming from the rigours of their academic curriculum underlines the need for greater awareness on mental health issues and better self-care practices across medical training. With such programmes lacking in most medical schools, we propose a systematic scoping review (SSR) to map and address our research question, "what is known about self-care education interventions amongst medical students?". METHODS We adopted the Systematic Evidence-Based Approach to guide a systematic scoping review (SSR in SEBA) of relevant articles published between 1st January 2000 and 30th June 2023 in PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO, ERIC, Google Scholar, and Scopus databases. The included articles were independently and concurrently thematically and content analysed, with complementary categories and themes combined using the Jigsaw Approach. The domains created from the Funnelling Process framed the discussion. RESULTS A total of 6128 abstracts were identified, 429 full-text articles evaluated, and 147 articles included. The 6 domains identified were definition, topics, pedagogy, influences, outcomes and assessment. Most interventions were promising, though peer-led mindfulness-based interventions showed most promise in enhancing engagement, positively impacting personal wellbeing, and improving patient care. Overall, however, self-care education was poorly recognized, adopted and integrated into curricula. CONCLUSION Greater dedicated time and conducive practice environments within medical school curricula is required to enhance medical student wellbeing. Host organizations must ensure faculty are appropriately selected to instil the importance of self-care, be trained to assess and personalize self-care interventions and provide longitudinal assessment and support. Further study into assessing self-care capabilities is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darius Wei Jun Wan
- Division of Palliative and Supportive Care, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 30 Hospital Boulevard, Singapore, 168583, Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Singapore, Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road NUHS Tower Block Level 11, Singapore, 119228, Singapore
| | - Laura Shih Hui Goh
- Division of Palliative and Supportive Care, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 30 Hospital Boulevard, Singapore, 168583, Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Singapore, Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road NUHS Tower Block Level 11, Singapore, 119228, Singapore
| | - Mac Yu Kai Teo
- Division of Palliative and Supportive Care, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 30 Hospital Boulevard, Singapore, 168583, Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Singapore, Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road NUHS Tower Block Level 11, Singapore, 119228, Singapore
| | - Celestine Jia Ling Loh
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology, KK Women's and Children's Hospital (KKH), 100 Bukit Timah Road, Singapore, 229899, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
| | - Gerald Hng Kai Yak
- Division of Palliative and Supportive Care, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 30 Hospital Boulevard, Singapore, 168583, Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Singapore, Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road NUHS Tower Block Level 11, Singapore, 119228, Singapore
| | - Joanna Jing Hui Lee
- Division of Palliative and Supportive Care, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 30 Hospital Boulevard, Singapore, 168583, Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Singapore, Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road NUHS Tower Block Level 11, Singapore, 119228, Singapore
| | - Nila Ravindran
- Division of Palliative and Supportive Care, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 30 Hospital Boulevard, Singapore, 168583, Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Singapore, Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road NUHS Tower Block Level 11, Singapore, 119228, Singapore
| | - Nur Diana Abdul Rahman
- Division of Cancer Education, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 30 Hospital Boulevard, Singapore, 168583, Singapore
| | - Min Chiam
- Division of Cancer Education, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 30 Hospital Boulevard, Singapore, 168583, Singapore
| | - Eng Koon Ong
- Division of Palliative and Supportive Care, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 30 Hospital Boulevard, Singapore, 168583, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
- Division of Cancer Education, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 30 Hospital Boulevard, Singapore, 168583, Singapore
- Assisi Hospice, 823 Thomson Road, Singapore, 574627, Singapore
| | - Nagavalli Somasundaram
- Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 30 Hospital Boulevard, Singapore, 168583, Singapore
| | - Ying Yin Lim
- Division of Palliative Care, Alexandra Hospital, 378 Alexandra Rd, Singapore, 159964, Singapore
| | - Gillian Li Gek Phua
- Division of Palliative and Supportive Care, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 30 Hospital Boulevard, Singapore, 168583, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
- Lien Centre for Palliative Care, Duke-NUS Medical School, National University of Singapore, 8 College Rd, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
| | - Lalit Kumar Radha Krishna
- Division of Palliative and Supportive Care, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 30 Hospital Boulevard, Singapore, 168583, Singapore.
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Singapore, Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road NUHS Tower Block Level 11, Singapore, 119228, Singapore.
- Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857, Singapore.
- Division of Cancer Education, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 30 Hospital Boulevard, Singapore, 168583, Singapore.
- Palliative Care Institute Liverpool, Academic Palliative & End of Life Care Centre, Cancer Research Centre, University of Liverpool, 200 London Road L3 9TA, Liverpool, UK.
- Centre for Biomedical Ethics, National University of Singapore, Blk MD11, 10 Medical Drive, #02-03, Singapore, 117597, Singapore.
- PalC, The Palliative Care Centre for Excellence in Research and Education, Singapore, PalC c/o Dover Park Hospice, 10 Jalan Tan Tock Seng, Singapore, 308436, Singapore.
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Li H, Upreti T, Do V, Dance E, Lewis M, Jacobson R, Goldberg A. Measuring wellbeing: A scoping review of metrics and studies measuring medical student wellbeing across multiple timepoints. MEDICAL TEACHER 2024; 46:82-101. [PMID: 37405740 DOI: 10.1080/0142159x.2023.2231625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Studies have demonstrated poor mental health in medical students. However, there is wide variation in study design and metric use, impairing comparability. The authors aimed to examine the metrics and methods used to measure medical student wellbeing across multiple timepoints and identify where guidance is necessary. METHODS Five databases were searched between May and June 2021 for studies using survey-based metrics among medical students at multiple timepoints. Screening and data extraction were done independently by two reviewers. Data regarding the manuscript, methodology, and metrics were analyzed. RESULTS 221 studies were included, with 109 observational and 112 interventional studies. There were limited studies (15.4%) focused on clinical students. Stress management interventions were the most common (40.2%). Few (3.57%) interventional studies followed participants longer than 12 months, and 38.4% had no control group. There were 140 unique metrics measuring 13 constructs. 52.1% of metrics were used only once. CONCLUSIONS Unique guidance is needed to address gaps in study design as well as unique challenges surrounding medical student wellbeing surveys. Metric use is highly variable and future research is necessary to identify metrics specifically validated in medical student samples that reflect the diversity of today's students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry Li
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Tushar Upreti
- Max Rady College of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba Rady, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Victor Do
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto Temerty, Toronto, Canada
| | - Erica Dance
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Melanie Lewis
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Ryan Jacobson
- Office of Advocacy and Wellbeing, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Aviva Goldberg
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba Rady, Winnipeg, Canada
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Kikkawa M, Shimura A, Nakajima K, Morishita C, Honyashiki M, Tamada Y, Higashi S, Ichiki M, Inoue T, Masuya J. Mediating Effects of Trait Anxiety and State Anxiety on the Effects of Physical Activity on Depressive Symptoms. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:5319. [PMID: 37047935 PMCID: PMC10094143 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20075319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have reported that physical activity can prevent the onset of depression and reduces anxiety. In the present study, the hypothesis that total physical activity time influences depressive symptoms via state and trait anxiety was tested by a path analysis. METHODS Self-administered questionnaires were used to survey 526 general adult volunteers from April 2017 to April 2018. Demographic information, physical activity, and state and trait anxiety were investigated. RESULTS The association between physical activity time and depressive symptoms was expressed as a U-shape curve. The results of the covariance structure analysis showed that differences from the optimal physical activity time (DOT) had direct positive effects on state and trait anxiety. DOT affected depressive symptoms only via trait anxiety, and this was a complete mediation model. CONCLUSION The present study suggests that an optimal physical activity time exists for depressive symptoms. The path model demonstrated an association between the three factors of optimal physical activity time, trait anxiety, and depressive symptoms, and the effect was fully mediated by trait anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Kikkawa
- Department of Psychiatry, Tokyo Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan
- Department of Psychiatry, Gakuji-kai Kimura Hospital, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-0004, Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Shimura
- Department of Psychiatry, Tokyo Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan
| | - Kazuki Nakajima
- Department of Psychiatry, Tokyo Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan
- Department of Psychiatry, Gakuji-kai Kimura Hospital, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-0004, Japan
| | - Chihiro Morishita
- Department of Psychiatry, Tokyo Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan
| | - Mina Honyashiki
- Department of Psychiatry, Tokyo Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan
| | - Yu Tamada
- Department of Psychiatry, Tokyo Medical University Hachioji Medical Center, Hachioji-shi 193-0998, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinji Higashi
- Department of Psychiatry, Ibaraki Medical Center, Tokyo Medical University, Ami-machi, Inashiki-gun, Ibaraki 300-0395, Japan
| | - Masahiko Ichiki
- Department of Psychiatry, Tokyo Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan
| | - Takeshi Inoue
- Department of Psychiatry, Tokyo Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan
| | - Jiro Masuya
- Department of Psychiatry, Tokyo Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan
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Remskar M, Western MJ, Maynard OM, Ainsworth B. Exercising body but not mind: A qualitative exploration of attitudes to combining physical activity and mindfulness practice for mental health promotion. Front Psychol 2022; 13:984232. [PMID: 36571001 PMCID: PMC9780497 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.984232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Physical activity and mindfulness meditation can be effective for maintaining good mental wellbeing, with early-stage research suggesting even greater effectiveness in tandem. Literature is lacking on the perceptions and acceptability of these practices, particularly in a preventative context. The study aimed to explore attitudes toward mental health and its maintenance through physical activity and mindfulness meditation in the university student population. Methods Semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted with a sample of 16 students from 10 United Kingdom universities (M age = 23 years, SD = 3.22) recruited through social media and stratified to have varied wellbeing symptoms, physical activity levels, and experience with mindfulness meditation. Reflexive thematic analysis was used to elicit meaning from the data. Results Four main themes were constructed. Participants held a "Dualist view of health," in which mental and physical aspects were seen as distinct but connected, and prioritized physical health maintenance. The "Low-point paradox," where engagement is most difficult during the time of greatest need, was identified as a crucial psychological barrier across health behaviors. "Unfamiliarity with mindfulness practice" was common, as were misconceptions inhibiting practice. Finally, participants were intrigued by combining physical activity and mindfulness, supposing that "Whole is greater than the sum of its parts," with mutual reinforcement of the two techniques cited as biggest motivating factor. Conclusion Effective preventative mental health strategies for adults, including university students, should accommodate for common psychological barriers and facilitators to health maintenance behaviors, including misconceptions surrounding mindfulness, to increase acceptability. Combining physical activity and mindfulness meditation is one promising preventative approach that warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masha Remskar
- Department of Psychology, Bath Center for Mindfulness and Community, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom,Department for Health, Center for Motivation and Health Behavior Change, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom,*Correspondence: Masha Remskar,
| | - Max J. Western
- Department for Health, Center for Motivation and Health Behavior Change, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Olivia M. Maynard
- School of Psychological Science, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Ben Ainsworth
- Department of Psychology, Bath Center for Mindfulness and Community, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom,Digital Interventions Group, Department of Psychology, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
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Zeng M, Chen S, Zhou X, Zhang J, Chen X, Sun J. The relationship between physical exercise and mobile phone addiction among Chinese college students: Testing mediation and moderation effects. Front Psychol 2022; 13:1000109. [PMID: 36262440 PMCID: PMC9574398 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1000109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background During the COVID-19 pandemic, suspensions of activities and long periods of self-isolation led to a sharp increase in excessive use of mobile phones, which sparked public concern about mobile phone addiction (MPA). In recent years, more and more attention has been paid to physical exercise as a protective effect of MPA. However, more studies are needed to reveal this relationship and the exact mechanisms, based on which this study tested the mediating and moderating roles of self-control, rumination, psychological distress, and loneliness between physical exercise and MPA. Methods In this cross-sectional study, primary data was collected by questionnaire from 1,843 college students (19.75 ± 1.3) from five universities in Sichuan Province in Mainland China. Mobile Phone Addiction Tendency Scale (MPATS), Physical Activity Rating Scale-3 (PARS-3), Self-Control Scale (SCS), Ruminative Response Scale (RRS), Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21), and UCLA Loneliness Scale (UCLA-20) were investigated. The mediating models were examined using SPSS PROCESS macro 3.3 software, in which the mediation variables were self-control, rumination, and psychological distress, and the moderation was loneliness. Gender, major, and grade were included as control variables. Result Self-control, rumination, and psychological distress played a simple mediating role between physical exercise and MPA. Moreover, not only self-control and rumination but also self-control and psychological distress played the chain mediating roles between physical exercise and MPA. The chain pathways were moderated by loneliness. Specifically, the effect was more substantial among college students with higher loneliness. Conclusion The conclusions corroborate and clarify that self-control, rumination, and psychological distress mediated the association between physical exercise and MPA, and the mediation effects were moderated via loneliness. This present study advanced our understanding of how and when college students’ physical exercise was related to MPA. It also illustrates that educators and parents should pay more attention to college students’ physical exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaolin Zeng
- Institute of Sports Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Siyu Chen
- Institute of Sports Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiangyi Zhou
- Institute of Sports Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jincheng Zhang
- Institute of Sports Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jingquan Sun
- Institute of Sports Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- School of Physical Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Jingquan Sun,
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Ye J, Jia X, Zhang J, Guo K. Effect of physical exercise on sleep quality of college students: Chain intermediary effect of mindfulness and ruminative thinking. Front Psychol 2022; 13:987537. [PMID: 36262438 PMCID: PMC9575948 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.987537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The Physical Exercise Rating Scale, Mindfulness Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS), Ruminative Thinking Scale (RRS), and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) are used to conduct the questionnaire among a sample of 1,006 college students (average age = 19.95 years, SD = 1.86 years) to figure out whether there is any correlation between physical exercise and sleep quality in college students as well as how the mechanism of mindfulness and ruminative thinking plays a role in them. For data analysis, the Harman single-factor test was used; for the common method deviation test, Pearson's correlation analysis, and the mediating effect tested by using the bootstrap method were carried out. Results: (1) Overall, 34% (PSQI ≥ 8) of college students' sleep quality is poor. (2) The PSQI is positively correlated with ruminative thinking, while both are negatively correlated with the level of physical exercise and mindfulness; the level of physical exercise is positively correlated with the level of mindfulness. (3) Physical exercise can significantly negatively predict sleep quality (β = -0.08, P < 0.05), significantly positively predict mindfulness (β = 0.12, P < 0.001), and significantly negatively predict ruminative thinking (β = -0.07, P < 0.05). When participate in physical exercise, mindfulness, and ruminative thinking enter the regression equation at the same time, only mindfulness and ruminative thinking can predict sleep quality(β = -0.15, P < 0.001) significantly negatively predicted sleep quality and ruminative thinking (β = 0.22, P < 0.001) significantly positively predicted sleep quality, while physical exercise (β = -0.04, P > 0.05) had no significant predictive effect on sleep quality. (4) After controlling for age and gender, physical exercise appears to have an impact on sleep quality of college students through the independent intermediary role of mindfulness and ruminative thinking and the chain intermediary role of mindfulness and ruminative thinking, with a total mediating effect value of -0.007. This study reveals the relationship between physical exercise and sleep quality, as well as its mechanism, thus guiding college students to actively participate in physical exercise. It also provides corresponding suggestions to improve sleep quality as well as physical and mental health in college students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ye
- College of Physical Education, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, China
| | - Xuemei Jia
- College of Physical Education, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, China
| | - Junjie Zhang
- Sports Department, Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing, China
| | - Kelei Guo
- School of Physical Education and Health, Zhaoqing University, Zhaoqing, China,*Correspondence: Kelei Guo,
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Demmin DL, Silverstein SM, Shors TJ. Mental and physical training with meditation and aerobic exercise improved mental health and well-being in teachers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Front Hum Neurosci 2022; 16:847301. [PMID: 36082230 PMCID: PMC9446448 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.847301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Teachers face significant stressors in relation to their work, placing them at increased risk for burnout and attrition. The COVID-19 pandemic has brought about additional challenges, resulting in an even greater burden. Thus, strategies for reducing stress that can be delivered virtually are likely to benefit this population. Mental and Physical (MAP) Training combines meditation with aerobic exercise and has resulted in positive mental and physical health outcomes in both clinical and subclinical populations. The aim of this pilot study was to evaluate the feasibility and potential effectiveness of virtual MAP Training on reducing stress and improving mood and well-being in teachers. Participants (n = 104) were from recruited online from kindergarten to grade twelve (K-12) schools in the Northeastern region of the United States and randomly assigned to a 6-week program of virtual MAP Training (n = 58) or no training (n = 13). Primary outcomes included pre-intervention and post-intervention ratings on self-report measures of social and emotional health. Changes in cognitive functioning and physical health were also examined in secondary analyses. By intervention end, participants in the MAP Training group reported less anxiety and work-related stress compared to those who received no training (ds = −0.75 to −0.78). Additionally, MAP Training participants reported improvements in depressive symptoms, rumination, work-related quality of life, perceived stress, and self-compassion (ds = 0.38 to −0.82), whereas no changes were observed in the no training group. Participants also reported increased subjective ratings of executive functioning, working memory, cognitive flexibility, and fewer sleep disturbances (ds = −0.41 to −0.74). Together, these results suggest that the combination of meditation and aerobic exercise is an effective virtual intervention for improving mental health and well-being among K-12 teachers and may enhance resilience to stressful life events such as occurred during the coronavirus pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Docia L. Demmin
- Department of Psychology, Center for Collaborative Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, United States
- *Correspondence: Docia L. Demmin,
| | - Steven M. Silverstein
- Department of Psychiatry, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, United States
- Department of Neuroscience and Ophthalmology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Tracey J. Shors
- Department of Psychology, Center for Collaborative Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, United States
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Millon EM, Lehrer PM, Shors TJ. Meditation and Aerobic Exercise Enhance Mental Health Outcomes and Pattern Separation Learning Without Changing Heart Rate Variability in Women with HIV. Appl Psychophysiol Biofeedback 2022; 47:27-42. [PMID: 35040014 PMCID: PMC8763305 DOI: 10.1007/s10484-021-09530-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Mental and physical (MAP) training targets the brain and the body through a combination of focused-attention meditation and aerobic exercise. The following feasibility pilot study tested whether 6 weeks of MAP training improves mental health outcomes, while enhancing discrimination learning and heart rate variability (HRV) in a group of women living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and other stress-related conditions. Participants were assigned to training (n = 18) or no-training control (n = 8) groups depending on their ability and willingness to participate, and if their schedule allowed. Training sessions were held once a week for 6 weeks with 30 min of meditation followed by 30 min of aerobic exercise. Before and after 6 weeks of training, participants completed the Behavioral Pattern Separation Task as a measure of discrimination learning, self-report questionnaires of ruminative and trauma-related thoughts, depression, anxiety, and perceived stress, and an assessment of HRV at rest. After training, participants reported fewer ruminative and trauma-related thoughts, fewer depressive and anxiety symptoms, and less perceived stress (p's < 0.05). The positive impact on ruminative thoughts and depressive symptoms persisted 6 months after training. They also demonstrated enhanced discrimination of similar patterns of information (p < 0.05). HRV did not change after training (p > 0.05). Combining mental and physical training is an effective program for enhancing mental health and aspects of cognition in women living with HIV, although not necessarily through variance in heart rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma M Millon
- Behavioral and Systems Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA.
| | - Paul M Lehrer
- Department of Psychiatry, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Tracey J Shors
- Behavioral and Systems Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
- W.M. Keck Center for Collaborative Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
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Högström S, Philipson A, Ekstav L, Eriksson M, Fagerberg UL, Falk E, Möller M, Sandberg E, Särnblad S, Duberg A. Dance and yoga reduced functional abdominal pain in young girls: A randomized controlled trial. Eur J Pain 2021; 26:336-348. [PMID: 34529293 DOI: 10.1002/ejp.1862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Functional abdominal pain disorders (FAPDs) affect children, especially girls, all over the world. The evidence for existing treatments is mixed, and effective accessible treatments are needed. Dance, a rhythmic cardio-respiratory activity, combined with yoga, which enhances relaxation and focus, may provide physiological and psychological benefits that could help to ease pain. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a dance and yoga intervention on maximum abdominal pain in 9- to 13-year- old girls with FAPDs. METHODS This study was a prospective randomized controlled trial with 121 participants recruited from outpatient clinics as well as the general public. The intervention group participated in dance and yoga twice weekly for 8 months; controls received standard care. Abdominal pain, as scored on the Faces Pain Scale-Revised, was recorded in a pain diary. A linear mixed model was used to estimate the outcomes and effect sizes. RESULTS Dance and yoga were superior to standard health care alone, with a medium to high between-group effect size and significantly greater pain reduction (b = -1.29, p = 0.002) at the end of the intervention. CONCLUSIONS An intervention using dance and yoga is likely a feasible and beneficial complementary treatment to standard health care for 9- to 13-year-old girls with FAPDs. SIGNIFICANCE FAPDs affect children, especially girls, all over the world. The negative consequences such as absence from school, high consumption of medical care and depression pose a considerable burden on children and their families and effective treatments are needed. This is the first study examining a combined dance/yoga intervention for young girls with FAPDs and the result showed a reduction of abdominal pain. These findings contribute with new evidence in the field of managing FAPDs in a vulnerable target group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofie Högström
- University Health Care Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Anna Philipson
- University Health Care Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Lars Ekstav
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Mats Eriksson
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Health Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Ulrika L Fagerberg
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Clinical Research, Västmanland Hospital, Västerås, Uppsala University Uppsala, Västerås, Sweden.,Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elin Falk
- University Health Care Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden.,Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Uppsala University hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Margareta Möller
- University Health Care Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Elin Sandberg
- University Health Care Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Sciences, Center for primary Health Care Research, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Stefan Särnblad
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden.,Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Anna Duberg
- University Health Care Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
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Gomes-Leal W. Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis and Affective Disorders: New Neurons for Psychic Well-Being. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:594448. [PMID: 34220412 PMCID: PMC8242208 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.594448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A paradigm shift in neuroscience was the discovery that new neurons are constantly produced in the adult mammalian brain of several species, including Homo sapiens. These new-born cells are formed in some main neurogenic niches, including the subventricular zone (SVZ) at the margin of the lateral ventricle and subgranular zone (SGZ) in the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG). In the DG, neuroblasts derive from SGZ progenitors and migrate to the hippocampal granular layer becoming adult granule cells, which are integrated into functional adult circuits. It has been confirmed that adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN) is a long-lasting phenomenon in the human brain. The functions of hippocampal new-born cells are not fully established. Experimental studies suggest that they have unique electrophysiological properties, including hyperexcitability, which enable them to regulate adult granule cells. Their specific function depends on the anatomical hippocampal location along the hippocampal dorsal-ventral axis. Dorsal hippocampus plays a more defined role on spatial learning and contextual information, while the ventral hippocampus is more related to emotional behavior, stress resilience and social interaction. Several reports suggest a role for AHN in pattern separation, cognitive flexibility, forgetting and reversal learning. It has been proposed that deficits in AHN might impair normal DG function, including pattern separation and cognitive flexibility, which could play a role on the etiology of affective disorders, such as depression, anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). In this paper, we review recent scientific evidence suggesting that impairment of AHN may underlie the pathophysiology of affective disorders even in humans and that neurogenesis-inspired therapies may be a promising approach to reduce symptoms of affective disorders in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walace Gomes-Leal
- Post-Graduation Program in Health Sciences, Institute of Collective Health, Federal University of Western Pará, Santarém, Brazil
- Post-Graduation Program in Pharmacology and Biochemistry, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
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12
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Maharjan S, Pandey A. Experience Sharing: Final Year MBBS Journey. JNMA J Nepal Med Assoc 2021; 59:425-428. [PMID: 34508525 PMCID: PMC8369579 DOI: 10.31729/jnma.6363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Studying medicine is tough. The saying: It is hard to enter medical school but easier later is a myth. All the semesters and years have their trials and tribulations but the final year is known among students to be a terror. Here we share our experience of the final year hoping it could give insight to the medical students about what to expect in the ultimate year and prepare themselves mentally as well as academically beforehand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujata Maharjan
- Kathmandu Medical College and Teaching Hospital, Sinamangal, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Ashmita Pandey
- Kathmandu Medical College and Teaching Hospital, Sinamangal, Kathmandu, Nepal
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Philipson A, Särnblad S, Ekstav L, Eriksson M, Fagerberg UL, Möller M, Mörelius E, Duberg A. An Intervention With Dance and Yoga for Girls With Functional Abdominal Pain Disorders (Just in TIME): Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Res Protoc 2020; 9:e19748. [PMID: 33320103 PMCID: PMC7772067 DOI: 10.2196/19748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Functional abdominal pain disorders (FAPDs) affect many children worldwide, predominantly girls, and cause considerable long-term negative consequences for individuals and society. Evidence-based and cost-effective treatments are therefore strongly needed. Physical activity has shown promising effects in the practical management of FAPDs. Dance and yoga are both popular activities that have been shown to provide significant psychological and pain-related benefits with minimal risk. The activities complement each other, in that dance involves dynamic, rhythmic physical activity, while yoga enhances relaxation and focus. OBJECTIVE This study aims to evaluate the effects of a dance and yoga intervention among girls aged 9 to 13 years with FAPDs. METHODS The study is a prospective randomized controlled trial among girls aged 9 to 13 years with functional abdominal pain, irritable bowel syndrome, or both. The target sample size was 150 girls randomized into 2 arms: an intervention arm that receives dance and yoga sessions twice weekly for 8 months and a control arm that receives standard care. Outcomes will be measured at baseline and after 4, 8, 12, and 24 months, and long-term follow-up will be conducted 5 years from baseline. Questionnaires, interviews, and biomarker measures, such as cortisol in saliva and fecal microbiota, will be used. The primary outcome is the proportion of girls in each group with reduced pain, as measured by the faces pain scale-revised in a pain diary, immediately after the intervention. Secondary outcomes are gastrointestinal symptoms, general health, mental health, stress, and physical activity. The study also includes qualitative evaluations and health economic analyses. This study was approved by the Regional Ethical Review Board in Uppsala (No. 2016/082 1-2). RESULTS Data collection began in October 2016. The intervention has been performed in 3 periods from 2016 through 2019. The final 5-year follow-up is anticipated to be completed by fall 2023. CONCLUSIONS Cost-effective and easily accessible interventions are warranted to reduce the negative consequences arising from FAPDs in young girls. Physical activity is an effective strategy, but intervention studies are needed to better understand what types of activities facilitate regular participation in this target group. The Just in TIME (Try, Identify, Move, and Enjoy) study will provide insights regarding the effectiveness of dance and yoga and is anticipated to contribute to the challenging work of reducing the burden of FAPDs for young girls. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02920268); https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02920268. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/19748.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Philipson
- University Health Care Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Stefan Särnblad
- Department of Paediatrics, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro, Sweden
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Lars Ekstav
- Department of Paediatrics, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Mats Eriksson
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Health Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Ulrika L Fagerberg
- Centre for Clinical Research, Västmanland Hospital Västerås, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Margareta Möller
- University Health Care Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Evalotte Mörelius
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia
| | - Anna Duberg
- University Health Care Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
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