1
|
Vorobyeva DV, Bubnova AS, Buyanovskaya AG, Osipov SN. Synthesis of CF3-substituted isoindolones via rhodium(iii)-catalyzed carbenoid C–H functionalization of aryl hydroxamates. MENDELEEV COMMUNICATIONS 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mencom.2023.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
|
2
|
Kitano Y, Shinozuka T. Inhibition of Na V1.7: the possibility of ideal analgesics. RSC Med Chem 2022; 13:895-920. [PMID: 36092147 PMCID: PMC9384491 DOI: 10.1039/d2md00081d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The selective inhibition of NaV1.7 is a promising strategy for developing novel analgesic agents with fewer adverse effects. Although the potent selective inhibition of NaV1.7 has been recently achieved, multiple NaV1.7 inhibitors failed in clinical development. In this review, the relationship between preclinical in vivo efficacy and NaV1.7 coverage among three types of voltage-gated sodium channel (VGSC) inhibitors, namely conventional VGSC inhibitors, sulphonamides and acyl sulphonamides, is discussed. By demonstrating the PK/PD discrepancy of preclinical studies versus in vivo models and clinical results, the potential reasons behind the disconnect between preclinical results and clinical outcomes are discussed together with strategies for developing ideal analgesic agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Kitano
- R&D Division, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd. 1-2-58 Hiromachi Shinagawa-ku Tokyo 140-8710 Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Shinozuka
- R&D Division, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd. 1-2-58 Hiromachi Shinagawa-ku Tokyo 140-8710 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Borja GB, Zhang H, Harwood BN, Jacques J, Grooms J, Chantre RO, Zhang D, Barnett A, Werley CA, Lu Y, Nagle SF, McManus OB, Dempsey GT. Highly Parallelized, Multicolor Optogenetic Recordings of Cellular Activity for Therapeutic Discovery Applications in Ion Channels and Disease-Associated Excitable Cells. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:896320. [PMID: 35860501 PMCID: PMC9289666 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.896320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Optogenetic assays provide a flexible, scalable, and information rich approach to probe compound effects for ion channel drug targets in both heterologous expression systems and associated disease relevant cell types. Despite the potential utility and growing adoption of optogenetics, there remains a critical need for compatible platform technologies with the speed, sensitivity, and throughput to enable their application to broader drug screening applications. To address this challenge, we developed the SwarmTM, a custom designed optical instrument for highly parallelized, multicolor measurements in excitable cells, simultaneously recording changes in voltage and calcium activities at high temporal resolution under optical stimulation. The compact design featuring high power LEDs, large numerical aperture optics, and fast photodiode detection enables all-optical individual well readout of 24-wells simultaneously from multi-well plates while maintaining sufficient temporal resolution to probe millisecond response dynamics. The Swarm delivers variable intensity blue-light optogenetic stimulation to enable membrane depolarization and red or lime-light excitation to enable fluorescence detection of the resulting changes in membrane potential or calcium levels, respectively. The Swarm can screen ~10,000 wells/day in 384-well format, probing complex pharmacological interactions via a wide array of stimulation protocols. To evaluate the Swarm screening system, we optimized a series of heterologous optogenetic spiking HEK293 cell assays for several voltage-gated sodium channel subtypes including Nav1.2, Nav1.5, and Nav1.7. The Swarm was able to record pseudo-action potentials stably across all 24 objectives and provided pharmacological characterization of diverse sodium channel blockers. We performed a Nav1.7 screen of 200,000 small molecules in a 384-well plate format with all 560 plates reaching a Z' > 0.5. As a demonstration of the versatility of the Swarm, we also developed an assay measuring cardiac action potential and calcium waveform properties simultaneously under paced conditions using human induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cell-derived cardiomyocytes as an additional counter screen for cardiac toxicity. In summary, the Swarm is a novel high-throughput all-optical system capable of collecting information-dense data from optogenetic assays in both heterologous and iPS cell-derived models, which can be leveraged to drive diverse therapeutic discovery programs for nervous system disorders and other disease areas involving excitable cells.
Collapse
|
4
|
Nakashima K, Nakao K, Matsui H. Discovery of Novel HCN4 Blockers with Unique Blocking Kinetics and Binding Properties. SLAS DISCOVERY 2021; 26:896-908. [PMID: 34041946 PMCID: PMC8293762 DOI: 10.1177/24725552211013824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated 4 (HCN4) channel underlies the pacemaker currents, called “If,” in sinoatrial nodes (SANs), which regulate heart rhythm. Some HCN4 blockers such as ivabradine have been extensively studied for treating various heart diseases. Studies have shown that these blockers have diverse state dependencies and binding sites, suggesting the existence of potential chemical and functional diversity among HCN4 blockers. Here we report approaches for the identification of novel HCN4 blockers through a random screening campaign among 16,000 small-molecule compounds using an automated patch-clamp system. These molecules exhibited various blockade profiles, and their blocking kinetics and associating amino acids were determined by electrophysiological studies and site-directed mutagenesis analysis, respectively. The profiles of these blockers were distinct from those of the previously reported HCN channel blockers ivabradine and ZD7288. Notably, the mutagenesis analysis showed that blockers with potencies that were increased when the channel was open involved a C478 residue, located at the pore cavity region near the cellular surface of the plasma membrane, while those with potencies that were decreased when the channel was open involved residues Y506 and I510, located at the intracellular region of the pore gate. Thus, this study reported for the first time the discovery of novel HCN4 blockers by screening, and their profiling analysis using an automated patch-clamp system provided chemical tools that will be useful to obtain unique molecular insights into the drug-binding modes of HCN4 and may contribute to the expansion of therapeutic options in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Nakashima
- Neuroscience Drug Discovery Unit, Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kenji Nakao
- Biomolecular Research Laboratories, Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan.,Seedsupply Inc., Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hideki Matsui
- Neuroscience Drug Discovery Unit, Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Savela R, Méndez‐Gálvez C. Isoindolinone Synthesis via One-Pot Type Transition Metal Catalyzed C-C Bond Forming Reactions. Chemistry 2021; 27:5344-5378. [PMID: 33125790 PMCID: PMC8048987 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202004375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Isoindolinone structure is an important privileged scaffold found in a large variety of naturally occurring as well as synthetic, biologically and pharmaceutically active compounds. Owing to its crucial role in a number of applications, the synthetic methodologies for accessing this heterocyclic skeleton have received significant attention during the past decade. In general, the synthetic strategies can be divided into two categories: First, direct utilization of phthalimides or phthalimidines as starting materials for the synthesis of isoindolinones; and second, construction of the lactam and/or aromatic rings by different catalytic methods, including C-H activation, cross-coupling, carbonylation, condensation, addition and formal cycloaddition reactions. Especially in the last mentioned, utilization of transition metal catalysts provides access to a broad range of substituted isoindolinones. Herein, the recent advances (2010-2020) in transition metal catalyzed synthetic methodologies via formation of new C-C bonds for isoindolinones are reviewed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Risto Savela
- Johan Gadolin Process Chemistry CentreLaboratory of Molecular Science and TechnologyÅbo Akademi UniversityBiskopsgatan 820500TurkuFinland
| | - Carolina Méndez‐Gálvez
- Johan Gadolin Process Chemistry CentreLaboratory of Molecular Science and TechnologyÅbo Akademi UniversityBiskopsgatan 820500TurkuFinland
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Bell DC, Dallas ML. Advancing Ion Channel Research with Automated Patch Clamp (APC) Electrophysiology Platforms. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1349:21-32. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-16-4254-8_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
7
|
Zhang H, Moyer BD, Yu V, McGivern JG, Jarosh M, Werley CA, Hecht VC, Babcock RJ, Dong K, Dempsey GT, McManus OB, Hempel CM. Correlation of Optical and Automated Patch Clamp Electrophysiology for Identification of Na V1.7 Inhibitors. SLAS DISCOVERY 2020; 25:434-446. [PMID: 32292096 DOI: 10.1177/2472555220914532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The voltage-gated sodium channel Nav1.7 is a genetically validated target for pain; pharmacological blockers are promising as a new class of nonaddictive therapeutics. The search for Nav1.7 subtype selective inhibitors requires a reliable, scalable, and sensitive assay. Previously, we developed an all-optical electrophysiology (Optopatch) Spiking HEK platform to study activity-dependent modulation of Nav1.7 in a format compatible with high-throughput screening. In this study, we benchmarked the Optopatch Spiking HEK assay with an existing validated automated electrophysiology assay on the IonWorks Barracuda (IWB) platform. In a pilot screen of 3520 compounds, which included compound plates from a random library as well as compound plates enriched for Nav1.7 inhibitors, the Optopatch Spiking HEK assay identified 174 hits, of which 143 were confirmed by IWB. The Optopatch Spiking HEK assay maintained the high reliability afforded by traditional fluorescent assays and further demonstrated comparable sensitivity to IWB measurements. We speculate that the Optopatch assay could provide an affordable high-throughput screening platform to identify novel Nav1.7 subtype selective inhibitors with diverse mechanisms of action, if coupled with a multiwell parallel optogenetic recording instrument.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Bryan D Moyer
- Neuroscience, Amgen Research, Thousand Oaks, CA, USA
| | - Violeta Yu
- Neuroscience, Amgen Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Joseph G McGivern
- Discovery Technologies, Amgen Research, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Vivian C Hecht
- Q-State Biosciences, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ryan J Babcock
- Q-State Biosciences, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Kevin Dong
- Q-State Biosciences, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Chris M Hempel
- Q-State Biosciences, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Expressive Neuroscience, Syracuse, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
High-Throughput Fluorescence Assays for Ion Channels and GPCRs. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1131:27-72. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-12457-1_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
|
9
|
Colley CS, England E, Linley JE, Wilkinson TCI. Screening Strategies for the Discovery of Ion Channel Monoclonal Antibodies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 82:e44. [DOI: 10.1002/cpph.44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline S. Colley
- Antibody Discovery and Protein Engineering, MedImmune; Cambridge United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth England
- Antibody Discovery and Protein Engineering, MedImmune; Cambridge United Kingdom
| | - John E. Linley
- Neuroscience, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca; Cambridge United Kingdom
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Kayet A, Ajarul S, Paul S, Maiti DK. 5-Annulation of Ketoimines: TFA-Catalyzed Construction of Isoindolinone-3-carboxylates and Development of Photophysical Properties. J Org Chem 2018; 83:8401-8409. [PMID: 29979590 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b01049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Herein we have demonstrated the first report on 5-annulation of ketoimines to valuable isoindolinone-3-carboxylates. Instead of commonly used aldimine substrates, relatively less reactive ketoimines are employed for developing a TFA catalyzed organoreductive cyclization to furnish a variety of isoindolinones in excellent yield and reaction rate under mild reaction conditions. This is a metal-free event, which proceeds through a one pot ketoimine formation, hydride transfer from an organic reductant 2-(naphthalen-2-yl)-2,3-dihydrobenzo[ d]thiazole, and followed by five member cyclization sequences through TFA-activation of imine and ester groups. Studies on ESI-MS kinetics, leaving group aptitude, and control experiments led us to propose the mechanistic pathway of the new ketoimine-lactamization reaction. We have shown the synthetic utility of the emerging synthons through easy transformation of isoindolinones to different synthetic analogues. We investigated photophysical properties of the small molecules for their futuristic application as a pharmaceutical and materials, and the heterocycles displayed brilliant fluorescence activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anirban Kayet
- Department of Chemistry , University of Calcutta , University College of Science, 92, A. P. C. Road , Kolkata 700009 , India
| | - Sk Ajarul
- Department of Chemistry , University of Calcutta , University College of Science, 92, A. P. C. Road , Kolkata 700009 , India
| | - Sima Paul
- Department of Chemistry , University of Calcutta , University College of Science, 92, A. P. C. Road , Kolkata 700009 , India
| | - Dilip K Maiti
- Department of Chemistry , University of Calcutta , University College of Science, 92, A. P. C. Road , Kolkata 700009 , India
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Gill S, Gill R, Wen Y, Enderle T, Roth D, Liang D. A High-Throughput Screening Assay for NKCC1 Cotransporter Using Nonradioactive Rubidium Flux Technology. Assay Drug Dev Technol 2018. [PMID: 28631939 DOI: 10.1089/adt.2017.787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A high-throughput screening (HTS) assay was developed for cotransporter, NKCC1, which is a potential target for the treatment of diverse disorders. This nonradioactive rubidium flux assay coupled with ion channel reader series provides a working screen for this target expressed in human embryonic kidney (HEK) cell line. An eightfold window of detection was achieved with the optimized assay. This new functional assay offered a robust working model for NKCC1 in determining reliable and concordant rank orders of the test compounds supporting its sensitivity and specificity. The robustness of manual assay indicated by Z' of 0.9 qualified its amenability to automation. The Z' of 0.7 was displayed by automated assay employed in high-throughput screening of compound libraries against this target. Being electrically neutral, the NKCC1 screening is difficult to achieve by both manual and automated electrophysiological techniques. These techniques, although considered gold standard, suffer from their inherent problems of being too slow to be in high-throughput format and with high running costs. In addition to being a functional assay for NKCC1, it is nontoxic as compared with thallium flux assay, which is prone to generate high number of false-positive/false-negative rates because of its innate fluorescence issues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yang Wen
- 2 Roche Innovation Center Basel , Hoffmann-La Roche, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Thilo Enderle
- 2 Roche Innovation Center Basel , Hoffmann-La Roche, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Doris Roth
- 2 Roche Innovation Center Basel , Hoffmann-La Roche, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Dong Liang
- 1 Aurora Biomed Inc. , Vancouver, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Mechanism-specific assay design facilitates the discovery of Nav1.7-selective inhibitors. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E792-E801. [PMID: 29311306 PMCID: PMC5789920 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1713701115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Subtype-selective modulation of ion channels is often important, but extremely difficult to achieve for drug development. Using Nav1.7 as an example, we show that this challenge could be attributed to poor design in ion channel assays, which fail to detect most potent and selective compounds and are biased toward nonselective mechanisms. By exploiting different drug binding sites and modes of channel gating, we successfully direct a membrane potential assay toward non–pore-blocking mechanisms and identify Nav1.7-selective compounds. Our mechanistic approach to assay design addresses a significant hurdle in Nav1.7 drug discovery and is applicable to many other ion channels. Many ion channels, including Nav1.7, Cav1.3, and Kv1.3, are linked to human pathologies and are important therapeutic targets. To develop efficacious and safe drugs, subtype-selective modulation is essential, but has been extremely difficult to achieve. We postulate that this challenge is caused by the poor assay design, and investigate the Nav1.7 membrane potential assay, one of the most extensively employed screening assays in modern drug discovery. The assay uses veratridine to activate channels, and compounds are identified based on the inhibition of veratridine-evoked activities. We show that this assay is biased toward nonselective pore blockers and fails to detect the most potent, selective voltage-sensing domain 4 (VSD4) blockers, including PF-05089771 (PF-771) and GX-936. By eliminating a key binding site for pore blockers and replacing veratridine with a VSD-4 binding activator, we directed the assay toward non–pore-blocking mechanisms and discovered Nav1.7-selective chemical scaffolds. Hence, we address a major hurdle in Nav1.7 drug discovery, and this mechanistic approach to assay design is applicable to Cav3.1, Kv1.3, and many other ion channels to facilitate drug discovery.
Collapse
|
13
|
Bell DC, Dallas ML. Using automated patch clamp electrophysiology platforms in pain-related ion channel research: insights from industry and academia. Br J Pharmacol 2017. [PMID: 28622411 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Automated patch clamp (APC) technology was first developed at the turn of the millennium. The increased throughput it afforded promised a new paradigm in ion channel recordings, offering the potential to overcome the time-consuming, low-throughput bottleneck, arising from manual patch clamp investigations. This has relevance to the fast-paced development of novel therapies for chronic pain. This review highlights the advances in technology, using select examples that have facilitated APC usage in both industry and academia. It covers both first generation and the latest developments in second-generation platforms. In addition, it also provides an overview of the pain research field and how APC platforms have furthered our understanding of ion channel research and the development of pharmacological tools and therapeutics. APC platforms have much to offer to the ion channel research community, and this review highlights areas of best practice for both academia and industry. The impact of APC platforms and the prospects of ion channel research and improved therapeutics for chronic pain will be evaluated. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on Recent Advances in Targeting Ion Channels to Treat Chronic Pain. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v175.12/issuetoc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mark L Dallas
- School of Pharmacy, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Bertrand D, Biton B, Licher T, Chambard JM, Lanneau C, Partiseti M, Lefevre IA. Functional Studies of Sodium Channels: From Target to Compound Identification. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 75:9.21.1-9.21.35. [PMID: 27960031 DOI: 10.1002/cpph.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Over the last six decades, voltage-gated sodium (Nav ) channels have attracted a great deal of scientific and pharmaceutical interest, driving fundamental advances in both biology and technology. The structure and physiological function of these channels have been extensively studied; clinical and genetic data have uncovered their implication in diseases such as epilepsy, arrhythmias, and pain, bringing them into focus as current and future drug targets. While different techniques have been established to record the activity of Nav channels, proper determination of their properties still presents serious challenges, depending upon the experimental conditions and the desired subtype of channel to be characterized. The aim of this unit is to review the characteristics of Nav channels, their properties, the cells in which they can be studied, and the currently available techniques. Topics covered include the determination of Nav -channel biophysical properties as well as the use of toxins to discriminate between subtypes using electrophysiological or optical methods. Perspectives on the development of high-throughput screening assays with their advantages and limitations are also discussed to allow a better understanding of the challenges encountered in voltage-gated sodium channel preclinical drug discovery. © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Collapse
|
15
|
Gupta B, Chakraborty S, Saha S, Chandel SG, Baranwal AK, Banerjee M, Chatterjee M, Chaudhury A. Antinociceptive properties of shikonin: in vitro and in vivo studies. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2016; 94:788-96. [PMID: 27223482 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2015-0465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Shikonin possess a diverse spectrum of pharmacological properties in multiple therapeutic areas. However, the nociceptive effect of shikonin is not largely known. To investigate the antinociceptive potential of shikonin, panel of GPCRs, ion channels, and enzymes involved in pain pathogenesis were studied. To evaluate the translation of shikonin efficacy in vivo, it was tested in 3 established rat pain models. Our study reveals that shikonin has significant inhibitory effect on pan sodium channel/N1E115 and NaV1.7 channel with half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) value of 7.6 μmol/L and 6.4 μmol/L, respectively, in a cell-based assay. Shikonin exerted significant dose dependent antinociceptive activity at doses of 0.08%, 0.05%, and 0.02% w/v in pinch pain model. In mechanical hyperalgesia model, dose of 10 and 3 mg/kg (intraperitoneal) produced dose-dependent analgesia and showed 67% and 35% reversal of hyperalgesia respectively at 0.5 h. Following oral administration, it showed 39% reversal at 30 mg/kg dose. When tested in first phase of formalin induced pain, shikonin at 10 mg/kg dose inhibited paw flinching by ∼71%. In all studied preclinical models, analgesic effect was similar or better than standard analgesic drugs. The present study unveils the mechanistic role of shikonin on pain modulation, predominantly via sodium channel modulation, suggesting that shikonin could be developed as a potential pain blocker.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bhawana Gupta
- a Department of Bio and Nano Technology, Bio and Nano Technology Centre, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar 125 001 (Haryana), India.,b TCG Life Sciences Private Ltd., R&D Centre Biology, Bengal Intelligent Park Ltd., Block EP and GP, Sector V, Salt Lake, Kolkata 700091 (West Bengal), India
| | - Sabyasachi Chakraborty
- b TCG Life Sciences Private Ltd., R&D Centre Biology, Bengal Intelligent Park Ltd., Block EP and GP, Sector V, Salt Lake, Kolkata 700091 (West Bengal), India
| | - Soumya Saha
- b TCG Life Sciences Private Ltd., R&D Centre Biology, Bengal Intelligent Park Ltd., Block EP and GP, Sector V, Salt Lake, Kolkata 700091 (West Bengal), India
| | - Sunita Gulabsingh Chandel
- b TCG Life Sciences Private Ltd., R&D Centre Biology, Bengal Intelligent Park Ltd., Block EP and GP, Sector V, Salt Lake, Kolkata 700091 (West Bengal), India
| | - Atul Kumar Baranwal
- b TCG Life Sciences Private Ltd., R&D Centre Biology, Bengal Intelligent Park Ltd., Block EP and GP, Sector V, Salt Lake, Kolkata 700091 (West Bengal), India
| | - Manish Banerjee
- b TCG Life Sciences Private Ltd., R&D Centre Biology, Bengal Intelligent Park Ltd., Block EP and GP, Sector V, Salt Lake, Kolkata 700091 (West Bengal), India
| | - Mousumi Chatterjee
- b TCG Life Sciences Private Ltd., R&D Centre Biology, Bengal Intelligent Park Ltd., Block EP and GP, Sector V, Salt Lake, Kolkata 700091 (West Bengal), India
| | - Ashok Chaudhury
- a Department of Bio and Nano Technology, Bio and Nano Technology Centre, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar 125 001 (Haryana), India
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Zhao F, Li X, Jin L, Zhang F, Inoue M, Yu B, Cao Z. Development of a Rapid Throughput Assay for Identification of hNav1.7 Antagonist Using Unique Efficacious Sodium Channel Agonist, Antillatoxin. Mar Drugs 2016; 14:md14020036. [PMID: 26891306 PMCID: PMC4771989 DOI: 10.3390/md14020036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Revised: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSCs) are responsible for the generation of the action potential. Among nine classified VGSC subtypes (Nav1.1–Nav1.9), Nav1.7 is primarily expressed in the sensory neurons, contributing to the nociception transmission. Therefore Nav1.7 becomes a promising target for analgesic drug development. In this study, we compared the influence of an array of VGSC agonists including veratridine, BmK NT1, brevetoxin-2, deltamethrin and antillatoxin (ATX) on membrane depolarization which was detected by Fluorescence Imaging Plate Reader (FLIPR) membrane potential (FMP) blue dye. In HEK-293 cells heterologously expressing hNav1.7 α-subunit, ATX produced a robust membrane depolarization with an EC50 value of 7.8 ± 2.9 nM whereas veratridine, BmK NT1, and deltamethrin produced marginal response. Brevetoxin-2 was without effect on membrane potential change. The ATX response was completely inhibited by tetrodotoxin suggesting that the ATX response was solely derived from hNav1.7 activation, which was consistent with the results where ATX produced a negligible response in null HEK-293 cells. Six VGSC antagonists including lidocaine, lamotrigine, phenytoin, carbamazepine, riluzole, and 2-amino-6-trifluoromethylthiobenzothiazole all concentration-dependently inhibited ATX response with IC50 values comparable to that reported from patch-clamp experiments. Considered together, we demonstrate that ATX is a unique efficacious hNav1.7 activator which offers a useful probe to develop a rapid throughput screening assay to identify hNav1.7 antagonists.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
- Jiangsu Provincial Key laboratory for TCM Evaluation and Translational Development, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
| | - Xichun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
- Jiangsu Provincial Key laboratory for TCM Evaluation and Translational Development, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
| | - Liang Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
| | - Fan Zhang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key laboratory for TCM Evaluation and Translational Development, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
| | - Masayuki Inoue
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
| | - Boyang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
- Jiangsu Provincial Key laboratory for TCM Evaluation and Translational Development, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
| | - Zhengyu Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
- Jiangsu Provincial Key laboratory for TCM Evaluation and Translational Development, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Finley M, Cassaday J, Kreamer T, Li X, Solly K, O'Donnell G, Clements M, Converso A, Cook S, Daley C, Kraus R, Lai MT, Layton M, Lemaire W, Staas D, Wang J. Kinetic Analysis of Membrane Potential Dye Response to NaV1.7 Channel Activation Identifies Antagonists with Pharmacological Selectivity against NaV1.5. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 21:480-9. [PMID: 26861708 DOI: 10.1177/1087057116629669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The NaV1.7 voltage-gated sodium channel is a highly valued target for the treatment of neuropathic pain due to its expression in pain-sensing neurons and human genetic mutations in the gene encoding NaV1.7, resulting in either loss-of-function (e.g., congenital analgesia) or gain-of-function (e.g., paroxysmal extreme pain disorder) pain phenotypes. We exploited existing technologies in a novel manner to identify selective antagonists of NaV1.7. A full-deck high-throughput screen was developed for both NaV1.7 and cardiac NaV1.5 channels using a cell-based membrane potential dye FLIPR assay. In assay development, known local anesthetic site inhibitors produced a decrease in maximal response; however, a subset of compounds exhibited a concentration-dependent delay in the onset of the response with little change in the peak of the response at any concentration. Therefore, two methods of analysis were employed for the screen: one to measure peak response and another to measure area under the curve, which would capture the delay-to-onset phenotype. Although a number of compounds were identified by a selective reduction in peak response in NaV1.7 relative to 1.5, the AUC measurement and a subsequent refinement of this measurement were able to differentiate compounds with NaV1.7 pharmacological selectivity over NaV1.5 as confirmed in electrophysiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Finley
- Merck Research Labs, Screening and Protein Sciences, North Wales, PA, USA
| | - Jason Cassaday
- Merck Research Labs, Screening and Protein Sciences, North Wales, PA, USA
| | - Tony Kreamer
- Merck Research Labs, Screening and Protein Sciences, North Wales, PA, USA
| | - Xinnian Li
- Merck Research Labs, Screening and Protein Sciences, North Wales, PA, USA
| | - Kelli Solly
- Merck Research Labs, Screening and Protein Sciences, North Wales, PA, USA
| | - Greg O'Donnell
- Merck Research Labs, Screening and Protein Sciences, North Wales, PA, USA
| | | | | | - Sean Cook
- Merck Research Labs, Pharmacology, West Point, PA, USA CNS Discovery Research, Teva Pharmaceuticals, West Chester, PA, USA
| | - Chris Daley
- Merck Research Labs, Pharmacology, West Point, PA, USA
| | - Richard Kraus
- Merck Research Labs, Pharmacology, West Point, PA, USA
| | - Ming-Tain Lai
- Merck Research Labs, Pharmacology, West Point, PA, USA
| | - Mark Layton
- Merck Research Labs, Chemistry, West Point, PA, USA
| | - Wei Lemaire
- Merck Research Labs, Pharmacology, West Point, PA, USA
| | - Donnette Staas
- Merck Research Labs, Chemical Modeling and Informatics, West Point, PA, USA
| | - Jixin Wang
- Merck Research Labs, Pharmacology, West Point, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Cerne R, Wakulchik M, Krambis MJ, Burris KD, Priest BT. IonWorks Barracuda Assay for Assessment of State-Dependent Sodium Channel Modulators. Assay Drug Dev Technol 2016; 14:84-92. [PMID: 26844665 DOI: 10.1089/adt.2015.677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Voltage-gated sodium channels represent important drug targets. The implementation of higher throughput electrophysiology assays is necessary to characterize the interaction of test compounds with several conformational states of the channel, but has presented significant challenges. We describe a novel high throughput approach to assess the effects of test agents on voltage-gated sodium currents. The multiple protocol mode of the automated electrophysiology instrument IonWorks Barracuda was used to control the level of inactivation and monitor current stability. Good temporal stability of currents and spatial uniformity of inactivation were obtained by optimizing the experimental conditions. The resulting assay allowed for robust assessment of state-dependent effects of test agents and enabled direct comparison of compound potency across several sodium channel subtypes at equivalent levels of inactivation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rok Cerne
- Eli Lilly & Company , Indianapolis, Indiana
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Picones A, Loza-Huerta A, Segura-Chama P, Lara-Figueroa CO. Contribution of Automated Technologies to Ion Channel Drug Discovery. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2016; 104:357-378. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2016.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
|
20
|
High throughput screening technologies for ion channels. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2016; 37:34-43. [PMID: 26657056 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2015.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Ion channels are involved in a variety of fundamental physiological processes, and their malfunction causes numerous human diseases. Therefore, ion channels represent a class of attractive drug targets and a class of important off-targets for in vitro pharmacological profiling. In the past decades, the rapid progress in developing functional assays and instrumentation has enabled high throughput screening (HTS) campaigns on an expanding list of channel types. Chronologically, HTS methods for ion channels include the ligand binding assay, flux-based assay, fluorescence-based assay, and automated electrophysiological assay. In this review we summarize the current HTS technologies for different ion channel classes and their applications.
Collapse
|
21
|
Zander Balderud L, Murray D, Larsson N, Vempati U, Schürer SC, Bjäreland M, Engkvist O. Using the BioAssay Ontology for analyzing high-throughput screening data. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 20:402-15. [PMID: 25512330 DOI: 10.1177/1087057114563493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
High-throughput screening (HTS) is the main starting point for hit identification in drug discovery programs. This has led to a rapid increase of available screening data both within pharmaceutical companies and the public domain. We have used the BioAssay Ontology (BAO) 2.0 for assay annotation within AstraZeneca to enable comparison with external HTS methods. The annotated assays have been analyzed to identify technology gaps, evaluate new methods, verify active hits, and compare compound activity between in-house and PubChem assays. As an example, the binding of a fluorescent ligand to formyl peptide receptor 1 (FPR1, involved in inflammation, for example) in an in-house HTS was measured by fluorescence intensity. In total, 155 active compounds were also tested in an external ligand binding flow cytometry assay, a method not used for in-house HTS detection. Twelve percent of the 155 compounds were found active in both assays. By the annotation of assay protocols using BAO terms, internal and external assays can easily be identified and method comparison facilitated. They can be used to evaluate the effectiveness of different assay methods, design appropriate confirmatory and counterassays, and analyze the activity of compounds for identification of technology artifacts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - David Murray
- Discovery Sciences, AstraZeneca R&D Alderley Park, Alderley Park, UK
| | - Niklas Larsson
- Discovery Sciences, AstraZeneca R&D Mölndal, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Uma Vempati
- Center for Computational Science, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Stephan C Schürer
- Center for Computational Science, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | | | - Ola Engkvist
- Discovery Sciences, AstraZeneca R&D Mölndal, Mölndal, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Zhang H, Zou B, Du F, Xu K, Li M. Reporting sodium channel activity using calcium flux: pharmacological promiscuity of cardiac Nav1.5. Mol Pharmacol 2014; 87:207-17. [PMID: 25422141 DOI: 10.1124/mol.114.094789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Voltage-gated sodium (Nav) channels are essential for membrane excitability and represent therapeutic targets for treating human diseases. Recent reports suggest that these channels, e.g., Nav1.3 and Nav1.5, are inhibited by multiple structurally distinctive small molecule drugs. These studies give reason to wonder whether these drugs collectively target a single site or multiple sites in manifesting such pharmacological promiscuity. We thus investigate the pharmacological profile of Nav1.5 through systemic analysis of its sensitivity to diverse compound collections. Here, we report a dual-color fluorescent method that exploits a customized Nav1.5 [calcium permeable Nav channel, subtype 5 (SoCal5)] with engineered-enhanced calcium permeability. SoCal5 retains wild-type (WT) Nav1.5 pharmacological profiles. WT SoCal5 and SoCal5 with the local anesthetics binding site mutated (F1760A) could be expressed in separate cells, each with a different-colored genetically encoded calcium sensor, which allows a simultaneous report of compound activity and site dependence. The pharmacological profile of SoCal5 reveals a hit rate (>50% inhibition) of around 13% at 10 μM, comparable to that of hERG. The channel activity is susceptible to blockage by known drugs and structurally diverse compounds. The broad inhibition profile is highly dependent on the F1760 residue in the inner cavity, which is a residue conserved among all nine subtypes of Nav channels. Both promiscuity and dependence on F1760 seen in Nav1.5 were replicated in Nav1.4. Our evidence of a broad inhibition profile of Nav channels suggests a need to consider off-target effects on Nav channels. The site-dependent promiscuity forms a foundation to better understand Nav channels and compound interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongkang Zhang
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, High Throughput Biology Center (H.Z., B.Z., F.D., K.X., M.L.); Johns Hopkins Ion Channel Center (H.Z., B.Z., F.D., K.X., M.L.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; and GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania (M.L.)
| | - Beiyan Zou
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, High Throughput Biology Center (H.Z., B.Z., F.D., K.X., M.L.); Johns Hopkins Ion Channel Center (H.Z., B.Z., F.D., K.X., M.L.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; and GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania (M.L.)
| | - Fang Du
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, High Throughput Biology Center (H.Z., B.Z., F.D., K.X., M.L.); Johns Hopkins Ion Channel Center (H.Z., B.Z., F.D., K.X., M.L.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; and GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania (M.L.)
| | - Kaiping Xu
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, High Throughput Biology Center (H.Z., B.Z., F.D., K.X., M.L.); Johns Hopkins Ion Channel Center (H.Z., B.Z., F.D., K.X., M.L.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; and GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania (M.L.)
| | - Min Li
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, High Throughput Biology Center (H.Z., B.Z., F.D., K.X., M.L.); Johns Hopkins Ion Channel Center (H.Z., B.Z., F.D., K.X., M.L.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; and GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania (M.L.).
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Townsend C, Brown BS. Predicting drug-induced QT prolongation and torsades de pointes: a review of preclinical endpoint measures. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; Chapter 10:Unit 10.16. [PMID: 23744708 DOI: 10.1002/0471141755.ph1016s61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Compound-induced prolongation of the cardiac QT interval is a major concern in drug development and this unit discusses approaches that can predict QT effects prior to undertaking clinical trials. The majority of compounds that prolong the QT interval block the cardiac rapid delayed rectifier potassium current, IKr (hERG). Described in this overview are different ways to measure hERG, from recent advances in automated electrophysiology to the quantification of channel protein trafficking and binding. The contribution of other cardiac ion channels to hERG data interpretation is also discussed. In addition, endpoint measures of the integrated activity of cardiac ion channels at the single-cell, tissue, and whole-animal level, including for example the well-established action potential to the more recent beat-to-beat variability, transmural dispersion of repolarization, and field potential duration, are described in the context of their ability to predict QT prolongation and torsadogenicity in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claire Townsend
- GlaxoSmithKline Biological Reagents and Assay Development, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Molgó J, Aráoz R, Benoit E, Iorga BI. Physical and virtual screening methods for marine toxins and drug discovery targeting nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2013; 8:1203-23. [DOI: 10.1517/17460441.2013.822365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
|
25
|
Durek T, Vetter I, Wang CIA, Motin L, Knapp O, Adams DJ, Lewis RJ, Alewood PF. Chemical engineering and structural and pharmacological characterization of the α-scorpion toxin OD1. ACS Chem Biol 2013; 8:1215-22. [PMID: 23527544 DOI: 10.1021/cb400012k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Scorpion α-toxins are invaluable pharmacological tools for studying voltage-gated sodium channels, but few structure-function studies have been undertaken due to their challenging synthesis. To address this deficiency, we report a chemical engineering strategy based upon native chemical ligation. The chemical synthesis of α-toxin OD1 was achieved by chemical ligation of three unprotected peptide segments. A high resolution X-ray structure (1.8 Å) of synthetic OD1 showed the typical βαββ α-toxin fold and revealed important conformational differences in the pharmacophore region when compared with other α-toxin structures. Pharmacological analysis of synthetic OD1 revealed potent α-toxin activity (inhibition of fast inactivation) at Nav1.7, as well as Nav1.4 and Nav1.6. In addition, OD1 also produced potent β-toxin activity at Nav1.4 and Nav1.6 (shift of channel activation in the hyperpolarizing direction), indicating that OD1 might interact at more than one site with Nav1.4 and Nav1.6. Investigation of nine OD1 mutants revealed that three residues in the reverse turn contributed significantly to selectivity, with the triple OD1 mutant (D9K, D10P, K11H) being 40-fold more selective for Nav1.7 over Nav1.6, while OD1 K11V was 5-fold more selective for Nav1.6 than Nav1.7. This switch in selectivity highlights the importance of the reverse turn for engineering α-toxins with altered selectivity at Nav subtypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Durek
- Division of
Chemistry and Structural
Biology, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
4072
| | - Irina Vetter
- Division of
Chemistry and Structural
Biology, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
4072
| | - Ching-I Anderson Wang
- Division of
Chemistry and Structural
Biology, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
4072
| | - Leonid Motin
- Health Innovations
Research
Institute, RMIT University, Victoria, Australia
3083
| | - Oliver Knapp
- Health Innovations
Research
Institute, RMIT University, Victoria, Australia
3083
| | - David J. Adams
- Health Innovations
Research
Institute, RMIT University, Victoria, Australia
3083
| | - Richard J. Lewis
- Division of
Chemistry and Structural
Biology, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
4072
| | - Paul F. Alewood
- Division of
Chemistry and Structural
Biology, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
4072
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Zicha S, Radresa O, Laplante P, Morton M, Jones K, Main M, Trivedi S, Julien RP, Griffin A, Labrecque J, Ahmad S, Brown W. Novel methodology to identify TRPV1 antagonists independent of capsaicin activation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 18:544-55. [PMID: 23264449 DOI: 10.1177/1087057112470563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
TRPV1 was originally characterized as an integrator of various noxious stimuli such as capsaicin, heat, and protons. TRPV1-null mice exhibit a deficiency in sensing noxious heat stimuli, suggesting that TRPV1 is one of the main heat sensors on nociceptive primary afferent neurons and a candidate target for heat hypersensitivity in chronic pain. Several different potent and selective TRPV1 antagonists have been developed by more than 50 companies since the characterization of the receptor in 1997. A consequence of this competitive interest is the crowding of patentable chemical space, because very similar in vitro screening assays are used. To circumvent this issue and to expand our understanding of TRPV1 biology, we sought to take advantage of recent advancements in automated patch-clamp technology to design a novel screening cascade. This SAR-driving assay identified novel modulators that blocked the depolarization-induced activation of outwardly-rectifying TRPV1 currents independent of agonist stimulation, and we correlated the pharmacology to three other innovative assays for higher-throughput screening. Ultimately, we have identified a screening paradigm that would have good predictive value for future TRPV1 drug discovery projects and novel chemical space with a higher probability of gaining intellectual property coverage.
Collapse
|
27
|
Structure and activity relationship in the (S)-N-chroman-3-ylcarboxamide series of voltage-gated sodium channel blockers. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012; 22:5618-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.06.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2012] [Revised: 06/28/2012] [Accepted: 06/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
28
|
Macsari I, Besidski Y, Csjernyik G, Nilsson LI, Sandberg L, Yngve U, Åhlin K, Bueters T, Eriksson AB, Lund PE, Venyike E, Oerther S, Hygge Blakeman K, Luo L, Arvidsson PI. 3-Oxoisoindoline-1-carboxamides: Potent, State-Dependent Blockers of Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel NaV1.7 with Efficacy in Rat Pain Models. J Med Chem 2012; 55:6866-80. [DOI: 10.1021/jm300623u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Per I. Arvidsson
- Organic Pharmaceutical Chemistry,
Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala Biomedical Centre, Uppsala
University, Box 574, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology,
Westville Campus, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001,
Durban 4000, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Lenkey N, Karoly R, Lukacs P, Vizi ES, Sunesen M, Fodor L, Mike A. Classification of drugs based on properties of sodium channel inhibition: a comparative automated patch-clamp study. PLoS One 2010; 5:e15568. [PMID: 21187965 PMCID: PMC3004914 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0015568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2010] [Accepted: 11/15/2010] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background There is only one established drug binding site on sodium channels. However, drug binding of sodium channels shows extreme promiscuity: ∼25% of investigated drugs have been found to potently inhibit sodium channels. The structural diversity of these molecules suggests that they may not share the binding site, and/or the mode of action. Our goal was to attempt classification of sodium channel inhibitors by measuring multiple properties of inhibition in electrophysiology experiments. We also aimed to investigate if different properties of inhibition correlate with specific chemical properties of the compounds. Methodology/Principal Findings A comparative electrophysiological study of 35 compounds, including classic sodium channel inhibitors (anticonvulsants, antiarrhythmics and local anesthetics), as well as antidepressants, antipsychotics and neuroprotective agents, was carried out using rNav1.2 expressing HEK-293 cells and the QPatch automatic patch-clamp instrument. In the multi-dimensional space defined by the eight properties of inhibition (resting and inactivated affinity, potency, reversibility, time constants of onset and offset, use-dependence and state-dependence), at least three distinct types of inhibition could be identified; these probably reflect distinct modes of action. The compounds were clustered similarly in the multi-dimensional space defined by relevant chemical properties, including measures of lipophilicity, aromaticity, molecular size, polarity and electric charge. Drugs of the same therapeutic indication typically belonged to the same type. We identified chemical properties, which were important in determining specific properties of inhibition. State-dependence correlated with lipophilicity, the ratio of the neutral form of molecules, and aromaticity: We noticed that the highly state dependent inhibitors had at least two aromatic rings, logP>4.0, and pKa<8.0. Conclusions/Significance The correlations of inhibition properties both with chemical properties and therapeutic profiles would not have been evident through the sole determination of IC50; therefore, recording multiple properties of inhibition may allow improved prediction of therapeutic usefulness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nora Lenkey
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Robert Karoly
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Peter Lukacs
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - E. Sylvester Vizi
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Laszlo Fodor
- Pharmacology and Drug Safety Research, Gedeon Richter Plc., Budapest, Hungary
| | - Arpad Mike
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Trivedi S, Liu J, Liu R, Bostwick R. Advances in functional assays for high-throughput screening of ion channels targets. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2010; 5:995-1006. [DOI: 10.1517/17460441.2010.513377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
|
31
|
Abstract
For every movement, heartbeat and thought, ion channels need to open and close. It is therefore not surprising that their malfunctioning leads to serious diseases. Currently, only approximately 10% of drugs, with a market value in excess of US$10 billion, act on ion channels. The systematic exploitation of this target class has started, enabled by novel assay technologies and fundamental advances of the structural and mechanistic understanding of channel function. The latter, which was rewarded with the Nobel Prize in 2003, has opened up an avenue for rational drug design. In this review we provide an overview of the current repertoire of screening technologies that has evolved to drive ion channel-targeted drug discovery towards new medicines of the future.
Collapse
|
32
|
Abstract
Drugs inhibiting voltage-gated sodium channels have long been used as analgesics, beginning with the use of local anaesthetics for sensory blockade and then with the discovery that Nav-blocking anticonvulsants also have benefit for pain therapy. These drugs were discovered without knowledge of their molecular target, using traditional pharmacological methods, and their clinical utility is limited by relatively narrow therapeutic windows. Until recently, attempts to develop improved inhibitors using modern molecular-targeted screening approaches have met with limited success. However, in the last few years there has been renewed activity following the discovery of human Nav1.7 mutations that cause striking insensitivity to pain. Together with recent advances in the technologies required to prosecute ion channels as drug targets, this has led to significant progress being made. This article reviews these developments and summarises current findings with these emerging new Nav inhibitors, highlighting some of the unanswered questions and the challenges that remain before they can be developed for clinical use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey J Clare
- Cell-Based Assays Group, Millipore Corporation, St Charles, Missouri 63304, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Estacion M, Choi JS, Eastman EM, Lin Z, Li Y, Tyrrell L, Yang Y, Dib-Hajj SD, Waxman SG. Can robots patch-clamp as well as humans? Characterization of a novel sodium channel mutation. J Physiol 2010; 588:1915-27. [PMID: 20123784 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2009.186114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Ion channel missense mutations cause disorders of excitability by changing channel biophysical properties. As an increasing number of new naturally occurring mutations have been identified, and the number of other mutations produced by molecular approaches such as in situ mutagenesis has increased, the need for functional analysis by patch-clamp has become rate limiting. Here we compare a patch-clamp robot using planar-chip technology with human patch-clamp in a functional assessment of a previously undescribed Nav1.7 sodium channel mutation, S211P, which causes erythromelalgia. This robotic patch-clamp device can increase throughput (the number of cells analysed per day) by 3- to 10-fold. Both modes of analysis show that the mutation hyperpolarizes activation voltage dependence (8 mV by manual profiling, 11 mV by robotic profiling), alters steady-state fast inactivation so that it requires an additional Boltzmann function for a second fraction of total current (approximately 20% manual, approximately 40% robotic), and enhances slow inactivation (hyperpolarizing shift--15 mV by human,--13 mV robotic). Manual patch-clamping demonstrated slower deactivation and enhanced (approximately 2-fold) ramp response for the mutant channel while robotic recording did not, possibly due to increased temperature and reduced signal-to-noise ratio on the robotic platform. If robotic profiling is used to screen ion channel mutations, we recommend that each measurement or protocol be validated by initial comparison to manual recording. With this caveat, we suggest that, if results are interpreted cautiously, robotic patch-clamp can be used with supervision and subsequent confirmation from human physiologists to facilitate the initial profiling of a variety of electrophysiological parameters of ion channel mutations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Estacion
- Department of Neurology, Center for Neuroscience and Regeneration Research, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Kemp MI. Structural trends among second-generation voltage-gated sodium channel blockers. PROGRESS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2010; 49:81-111. [PMID: 20855039 DOI: 10.1016/s0079-6468(10)49003-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mark I Kemp
- Pfizer Global Research & Development, Sandwich, Kent, UK
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Liu K, Samuel M, Tillett J, Hennan JK, Mekonnen B, Soloveva V, Harrison RK, Paslay JW, Larocque J. High-Throughput Screening for Kv1.3 Channel Blockers Using an Improved FLIPR-Based Membrane-Potential Assay. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 15:185-95. [DOI: 10.1177/1087057109356209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Voltage-gated K+ channels are potential drug targets for an increasing number of disease indications. Searching for compounds that modulate K+ channel activities by high-throughput screening (HTS) is becoming a standard approach in the drug discovery effort. Here the authors report an improved fluorometric imaging plate reader (FLIPR) membrane potential assay for Kv1.3 K+ channel HTS. They have found that the Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells have endogenous membrane electrogenic transporters that contribute to maintaining membrane potential. Blocking the recombinant K+ channels in the overexpressing CHO cell line hardly changed the membrane potential. Inhibition of the endogenous transporters is essential to achieve the required assay robustness. The authors identified the optimal assay conditions and designed a simple assay format. After an HTS campaign using this assay, various chemical series of Kv1.3 channel blockers have been identified and confirmed by the automated electrophysiological IonWorks assay. The correlation in dose response between FLIPR and IonWorks was established by biophysical modeling and experimental data. After characterization using patch-clamp recording, both use-dependent and use-independent compounds were identified. Some compounds possess nanomolar potency, indicating that the FLIPR assay is effective for successfully identifying K+ channel blockers as novel drug candidates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kun Liu
- Department of Screening Sciences
| | | | - Jeff Tillett
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases
| | | | - Belew Mekonnen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Wyeth Research, Collegeville, Pennsylvania
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Bhattacharya A, Wickenden AD, Chaplan SR. Sodium channel blockers for the treatment of neuropathic pain. Neurotherapeutics 2009; 6:663-78. [PMID: 19789071 PMCID: PMC5084288 DOI: 10.1016/j.nurt.2009.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Drugs that block voltage-gated sodium channels are efficacious in the management of neuropathic pain. Accordingly, this class of ion channels has been a major focus of analgesic research both in academia and in the pharmaceutical/biotechnology industry. In this article, we review the history of the use of sodium channel blockers, describe the current status of sodium channel drug discovery, highlight the challenges and hurdles to attain sodium channel subtype selectivity, and review the potential usefulness of selective sodium channel blockers in neuropathic pain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anindya Bhattacharya
- grid.417429.dPain & Related Disorders Team, Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, LLC, 3210 Merryfield Row, 92121 San Diego, CA
| | - Alan D. Wickenden
- grid.417429.dPain & Related Disorders Team, Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, LLC, 3210 Merryfield Row, 92121 San Diego, CA
| | - Sandra R. Chaplan
- grid.417429.dPain & Related Disorders Team, Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, LLC, 3210 Merryfield Row, 92121 San Diego, CA
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Wible BA, Kuryshev YA, Smith SS, Liu Z, Brown AM. An Ion Channel Library for Drug Discovery and Safety Screening on Automated Platforms. Assay Drug Dev Technol 2008. [DOI: 10.1089/adt.2008.0171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
|
38
|
Wible BA, Kuryshev YA, Smith SS, Liu Z, Brown AM. An Ion Channel Library for Drug Discovery and Safety Screening on Automated Platforms. Assay Drug Dev Technol 2008; 6:765-80. [DOI: 10.1089/adt.2008.171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Zhiqi Liu
- ChanTest Corporation, Cleveland, Ohio
| | | |
Collapse
|