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Bay Y, Egeberg Jeppesen M, Frydenvang K, Francotte P, Pirotte B, Pickering DS, Kristensen AS, Kastrup JS. The positive allosteric modulator BPAM344 and L-glutamate introduce an active-like structure of the ligand-binding domain of GluK2. FEBS Lett 2024; 598:743-757. [PMID: 38369668 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Kainate receptors belong to the family of ionotropic glutamate receptors and contribute to the majority of fast excitatory neurotransmission. Consequently, they also play a role in brain diseases. Therefore, understanding how these receptors can be modulated is of importance. Our study provides a crystal structure of the dimeric ligand-binding domain of the kainate receptor GluK2 in complex with L-glutamate and the small-molecule positive allosteric modulator, BPAM344, in an active-like conformation. The role of Thr535 and Gln786 in modulating GluK2 by BPAM344 was investigated using a calcium-sensitive fluorescence-based assay on transiently transfected cells expressing GluK2 and mutants hereof. This study may aid in the design of compounds targeting kainate receptors, expanding their potential as targets for the treatment of brain diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmin Bay
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mie Egeberg Jeppesen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Karla Frydenvang
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Pierre Francotte
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (CIRM), University of Liège, Belgium
| | - Bernard Pirotte
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (CIRM), University of Liège, Belgium
| | - Darryl S Pickering
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anders Skov Kristensen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jette Sandholm Kastrup
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
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Bay Y, Venskutonytė R, Frantsen SM, Thorsen TS, Musgaard M, Frydenvang K, Francotte P, Pirotte B, Biggin PC, Kristensen AS, Boesen T, Pickering DS, Gajhede M, Kastrup JS. Small-molecule positive allosteric modulation of homomeric kainate receptors GluK1-3: development of screening assays and insight into GluK3 structure. FEBS J 2024; 291:1506-1529. [PMID: 38145505 DOI: 10.1111/febs.17046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
The kainate receptors GluK1-3 (glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate receptors 1-3) belong to the family of ionotropic glutamate receptors and are essential for fast excitatory neurotransmission in the brain, and are associated with neurological and psychiatric diseases. How these receptors can be modulated by small-molecule agents is not well understood, especially for GluK3. We show that the positive allosteric modulator BPAM344 can be used to establish robust calcium-sensitive fluorescence-based assays to test agonists, antagonists, and positive allosteric modulators of GluK1-3. The half-maximal effective concentration (EC50) of BPAM344 for potentiating the response of 100 μm kainate was determined to be 26.3 μm for GluK1, 75.4 μm for GluK2, and 639 μm for GluK3. Domoate was found to be a potent agonist for GluK1 and GluK2, with an EC50 of 0.77 and 1.33 μm, respectively, upon co-application of 150 μm BPAM344. At GluK3, domoate acts as a very weak agonist or antagonist with a half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 14.5 μm, in presence of 500 μm BPAM344 and 100 μm kainate for competition binding. Using H523A-mutated GluK3, we determined the first dimeric structure of the ligand-binding domain by X-ray crystallography, allowing location of BPAM344, as well as zinc-, sodium-, and chloride-ion binding sites at the dimer interface. Molecular dynamics simulations support the stability of the ion sites as well as the involvement of Asp761, Asp790, and Glu797 in the binding of zinc ions. Using electron microscopy, we show that, in presence of glutamate and BPAM344, full-length GluK3 adopts a dimer-of-dimers arrangement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmin Bay
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Raminta Venskutonytė
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Stine M Frantsen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thor S Thorsen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Karla Frydenvang
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Pierre Francotte
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (CIRM), University of Liège, Belgium
| | - Bernard Pirotte
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (CIRM), University of Liège, Belgium
| | | | - Anders S Kristensen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Boesen
- Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience-DANDRITE, Nordic-EMBL Partnership for Molecular Medicine, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Darryl S Pickering
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michael Gajhede
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jette S Kastrup
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
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Zhu S, Zhang X, Guo Y, Tang L, Zhou Z, Chen X, Peng C. NETO2 promotes melanoma progression via activation of the Ca 2+/CaMKII signaling pathway. Front Med 2023; 17:263-274. [PMID: 36738427 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-022-0935-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Melanoma is the most aggressive cutaneous tumor. Neuropilin and tolloid-like 2 (NETO2) is closely related to tumorigenesis. However, the functional significance of NETO2 in melanoma progression remains unclear. Herein, we found that NETO2 expression was augmented in melanoma clinical tissues and associated with poor prognosis in melanoma patients. Disrupting NETO2 expression markedly inhibited melanoma proliferation, malignant growth, migration, and invasion by downregulating the levels of calcium ions (Ca2+) and the expression of key genes involved in the calcium signaling pathway. By contrast, NETO2 overexpression had the opposite effects. Importantly, pharmacological inhibition of CaMKII/CREB activity with the CaMKII inhibitor KN93 suppressed NETO2-induced proliferation and melanoma metastasis. Overall, this study uncovered the crucial role of NETO2-mediated regulation in melanoma progression, indicating that targeting NETO2 may effectively improve melanoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susi Zhu
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 41000, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Changsha, 41000, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Changsha, 41000, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 41000, China
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 41000, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 41000, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Changsha, 41000, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Changsha, 41000, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 41000, China
| | - Yeye Guo
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 41000, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Changsha, 41000, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Changsha, 41000, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 41000, China
| | - Ling Tang
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 41000, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Changsha, 41000, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Changsha, 41000, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 41000, China
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 41000, China
| | - Zhe Zhou
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 41000, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Changsha, 41000, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Changsha, 41000, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 41000, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 41000, China.
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Changsha, 41000, China.
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Changsha, 41000, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 41000, China.
| | - Cong Peng
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 41000, China.
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Changsha, 41000, China.
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Changsha, 41000, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 41000, China.
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Wang X, Bian Z, Hou C, Li M, Jiang W, Zhu L. Neuropilin and tolloid-like 2 regulates the progression of osteosarcoma. Gene 2020; 768:145292. [PMID: 33157203 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.145292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Neuropilin and tolloid-like 2 (NETO2) is aberrantly expressed in various malignancies. However, its role in osteosarcoma (OS) remains to be elucidated. This study aimed to identify the function of NETO2 in OS cells. The expression of NETO2 in sarcoma tissues was determined using the GEPIA database, and the mRNA and protein expression of NETO2 in OS cells and OS tissue was also assessed. The biological effects of NETO2 on OS cells were determined by overexpressing and downregulating NETO2. Cell proliferation, invasion, migration, colony formation, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in OS cells were evaluated. Consistent with the GEPIA database, expression of NETO2 was upregulated in human OS samples and cell lines. NETO2 overexpression not only promoted the proliferation, colony formation, invasion, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition of OS cells, but also activated the PI3K/AKT signaling. NETO2 downregulation resulted in opposite effects. Furthermore, after using an AKT inhibitor, the effects of NETO2 on OS cells were attenuated. In conclusion, this study showed that NETO2 functions as an oncogene of osteosarcomas by activating the PI3K/AKT pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuepeng Wang
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310006, China
| | - Zhenyu Bian
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310006, China
| | - Changju Hou
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310006, China
| | - Maoqiang Li
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310006, China
| | - Wu Jiang
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310006, China
| | - Liulong Zhu
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310006, China.
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Koromina M, Flitton M, Mellor IR, Knight HM. A kainate receptor GluK4 deletion, protective against bipolar disorder, is associated with enhanced cognitive performance across diagnoses in the TwinsUK cohort. World J Biol Psychiatry 2019; 20:393-401. [PMID: 29243543 DOI: 10.1080/15622975.2017.1417637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: Cognitive deficits are a common feature of neuropsychiatric disorders. We investigated the relationship between cognitive performance and a deletion allele within GluK4 protective against risk for bipolar disorder, in 1,642 individuals from the TwinsUK study. Methods: Cognitive performance was assessed using the National Adult Reading Test, four CANTAB tests (Spatial Working Memory, Paired Associates Learning, Pattern Recognition Memory and Reaction Time), and two Principal-Component Analysis-derived factors. Performance in individuals homozygous for the insertion allele was compared to deletion carriers and analysis was adjusted for age of diagnosis, medication and clinical diagnosis. Results: Individuals with the GluK4 protective deletion allele performed significantly better in Spatial Working Memory compared to insertion homozygotes when adjusted for a clinical diagnosis. GluK4 deletion carriers who had a mental health problem (predominately depression) showed better performance in visuo-spatial ability and mental processing speed compared to individuals with mental health problems homozygous for the insertion. Conclusions: These findings of genotype-dependent cognitive enhancement across clinical groups support the potential clinical use of the GluK4 deletion allele in personalised medicine strategies and provide new insight into the relationship between genetic variation and mood disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Koromina
- a School of Life Sciences, Medical School , University of Nottingham , Nottingham , UK
| | - Miles Flitton
- a School of Life Sciences, Medical School , University of Nottingham , Nottingham , UK
| | - Ian R Mellor
- a School of Life Sciences, Medical School , University of Nottingham , Nottingham , UK
| | - Helen Miranda Knight
- a School of Life Sciences, Medical School , University of Nottingham , Nottingham , UK
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NETO1 Guides Development of Glutamatergic Connectivity in the Hippocampus by Regulating Axonal Kainate Receptors. eNeuro 2017; 4:eN-NWR-0048-17. [PMID: 28680963 PMCID: PMC5494894 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0048-17.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Revised: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Kainate-type glutamate receptors (KARs) are highly expressed in the developing brain, where they are tonically activated to modulate synaptic transmission, network excitability and synaptogenesis. NETO proteins are auxiliary subunits that regulate biophysical properties of KARs; however, their functions in the immature brain are not known. Here, we show that NETO1 guides the development of the rodent hippocampal CA3-CA1 circuitry via regulating axonal KARs. NETO deficiency reduced axonal targeting of most KAR subunits in hippocampal neurons in a subtype independent manner. As an interesting exception, axonal delivery of GluK1c was strongly and selectively impaired in the Neto1−/−, but not Neto2−/−, neurons. Correspondingly, the presynaptic GluK1 KAR activity that tonically inhibits glutamate release at immature CA3-CA1 synapses was completely lost in the absence of NETO1 but not NETO2. The deficit in axonal KARs at Neto1−/− neurons resulted in impaired synaptogenesis and perturbed synchronization of CA3 and CA1 neuronal populations during development in vitro. Both these Neto1−/− phenotypes were fully rescued by overexpression of GluK1c, emphasizing the role of NETO1/KAR complex in development of efferent connectivity. Together, our data uncover a novel role for NETO1 in regulation of axonal KARs and identify its physiological significance in development of the CA3-CA1 circuit.
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