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Fu Y, Ke S, Tang G, Guo Q, Guo Q, Wang Z, Leng R, Fan Y. Characterization of the intestinal microbiota in MSM with HIV infection. BMC Microbiol 2024; 24:192. [PMID: 38831399 PMCID: PMC11145808 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-024-03351-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND HIV-infected persons demonstrate notable disturbances in their intestinal microbiota; however, the impact of intestinal microbiota on HIV susceptibility in men who have sex with men (MSM), as well as the effects of HIV and antiretroviral therapy (ART) on their gut microbiota, remains under active study. Thus, our research focuses on clarifying the distinctions in intestinal microbiota composition among uninfected MSM and non-MSM healthy controls, investigating the alterations in early-stage intestinal microbial communities following HIV infection, and assessing how ART affects the intestinal microbiota. METHODS This study enrolled four participant groups: uninfected MSM, Recent HIV-1 infection (RHI) MSM, MSM on ART, and non-MSM healthy controls, with 30 individuals in each group. We utilized 16S ribosomal DNA (16S rDNA) amplicon sequencing to analyze fecal microbiota and employed Luminex multiplex assays to measure plasma markers for microbial translocation (LBP, sCD14) and the inflammatory marker CRP. FINDINGS Comparing uninfected MSM to non-MSM healthy controls, no substantial variances were observed in α and β diversity. Uninfected MSM had higher average relative abundances of Bacteroidetes, Prevotella, and Alloprevotella, while Bacteroides, Firmicutes, and Faecalibacterium had lower average relative abundances. MSM on ART had lower intestinal microbiota diversity than RHI MSM and uninfected MSM. In MSM on ART, Megasphaera and Fusobacterium increased, while Faecalibacterium and Roseburia decreased at genus level. Additionally, treatment with a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) led to significant alterations in intestinal microbiota diversity and composition compared to RHI MSM. The random forest model showed that HIV infection biomarkers effectively distinguished between newly diagnosed HIV-infected MSM and HIV-negative MSM, with an ROC AUC of 76.24% (95% CI: 61.17-91.31%). CONCLUSIONS MSM showed early intestinal microbiota imbalances after new HIV infection. MSM on ART experienced worsened dysbiosis, indicating a combined effect of HIV and ART. NNRTI-based treatment notably changed intestinal microbiota, suggesting a potential direct impact of NNRTI drugs on intestinal microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuansheng Fu
- Anhui Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hefei, Anhui, 230601, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Susu Ke
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Gan Tang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Qisheng Guo
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Qian Guo
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Ziwei Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Ruixue Leng
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui, China.
| | - Yinguang Fan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui, China.
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Jin M, Zhu X, Yang Z, Liu X, Li J, Wu Z. HIV subtypes and molecular transmission characteristics among elderly HIV-infected individuals aged 50 and above: a cross-sectional study in Huzhou City, Eastern China. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e085646. [PMID: 38816041 PMCID: PMC11138305 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2024-085646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyse the HIV-1 subtypes and molecular transmission characteristics of HIV-infected older individuals aged 50 and above in Huzhou City, and provide a scientific basis for prevention and treatment strategies for them. DESIGN A cross-sectional study with clustered molecular transmission network cases was performed, and basic epidemiological information was retrieved from the Chinese Centres for Disease Prevention and Control (CDC) Information System. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS A molecular epidemiological study was conducted in 899 newly diagnosed HIV-infected individuals from January 2019 and March 2023 in Huzhou city, Zhejiang province, Eastern China. Out of these, HIV sequences were successfully obtained from 673 individuals, including 274 who were older individuals aged 50 and above. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOMES Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and nested PCR were used to amplify the polymerase gene of HIV-1, and gene sequencing was performed. We used univariate and multivariate logistic regression to describe the association of clustered molecular transmission network cases. RESULTS In total, 274 valid HIV sequences of older individuals were obtained, which revealed 14 subtypes. Circulating recombinant forms (CRF) 07_BC accounted for 55.8% and CRF01_AE accounted for 20.1% of the subtypes. Data of 150 older individuals were included in the molecular transmission network, and the proportion of elderly individuals in clustered cases is 52.26% (150/287). The results of multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that the older age group (60-82 years) and CRF07_BC subtype were associated with case clustering (transmission risk). CONCLUSIONS The key high-risk transmission network was mainly composed of the older age group (60-82 years) and CRF07_BC subtype. It is necessary to further strengthen AIDS health promotion and education for individuals aged 60 years and above, as well as for patients with the CRF07_BC subtype, to reduce HIV transmission and clustering risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meihua Jin
- Huzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Huzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaojuan Zhu
- Huzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Huzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhongrong Yang
- Huzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Huzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaoqi Liu
- Huzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Huzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jing Li
- Huzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Huzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhenqian Wu
- Huzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Huzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Yang Z, Chen W, Chen W, Ma Q, Wang H, Jiang T, Jin M, Zhou X. Factors associated with voluntary HIV counseling and testing among young students engaging in casual sexual activity: a cross-sectional study from Eastern China. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:1109. [PMID: 38649927 PMCID: PMC11036676 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18562-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the factors associated with voluntary HIV counseling and testing (VCT) among young students engaging in casual sexual activity and to establish a scientific rationale for developing targeted intervention strategies for preventing HIV/AIDS in this population. METHODS Stratified cluster sampling was used to conduct a survey using questionnaires to collect demographic and behavioral information for statistical analysis. RESULTS Data from 611 young students, who reported engaging in casual sexual activity, were included in the statistical analysis. Among these, 68 (11.13%) students underwent the VCT. Among young students who engaged in casual sexual activity, those who were non-Zhejiang residents (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 2.11; 95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 1.17-3.80), those who had received AIDS-themed lectures or health education courses from the school in the past year (aOR = 3.96, 95% CI = 1.49-10.50), those who had received HIV risk self-assessment conducted by the school in the past year (aOR = 2.31, 95% CI = 1.17-4.59), and those who had engaged in commercial sex activity in the past year (aOR = 1.98, 95% CI = 1.07-3.66) were more inclined to have undergone VCT. Male students (aOR = 0.37, 95% CI = 0.18-0.77) and those who used condoms consistently during casual sexual activity (aOR = 0.45, 95% CI = 0.21-0.97) were less likely to undergo VCT. CONCLUSION Casual sexual activity was relatively prevalent among young students, posing a potential risk for HIV transmission. These findings will be instrumental in the development more effective HIV prevention and control strategies for young students. Additionally, it highlights the necessity of promoting and popularizing VCT among young students without Zhejiang province residency, who are involved in commercial sexual activity, and/or those who lacking HIV education. Moreover, additional research and implementation of refined HIV behavioral interventions specifically tailored to young students are necessary to enhance their awareness and knowledge of HIV prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongrong Yang
- Huzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhejiang province, 313000, Huzhou, China
| | - Wanjun Chen
- Department of HIV/STD control and prevention, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No.3399, Binsheng Road, 310051, Hangzhou, Zhejiang province, China
| | - Weiyong Chen
- Department of HIV/STD control and prevention, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No.3399, Binsheng Road, 310051, Hangzhou, Zhejiang province, China.
| | - Qiaoqin Ma
- Department of HIV/STD control and prevention, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No.3399, Binsheng Road, 310051, Hangzhou, Zhejiang province, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of HIV/STD control and prevention, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No.3399, Binsheng Road, 310051, Hangzhou, Zhejiang province, China
| | - Tingting Jiang
- Department of HIV/STD control and prevention, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No.3399, Binsheng Road, 310051, Hangzhou, Zhejiang province, China
| | - Meihua Jin
- Huzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhejiang province, 313000, Huzhou, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Department of HIV/STD control and prevention, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No.3399, Binsheng Road, 310051, Hangzhou, Zhejiang province, China
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Ghassabi F, Hashempour A, Dehghani B, Hasanshahi Z, Khodadad N, Behizadeh F, Davarpanah MA. Frequency of Fusion Inhibitor Resistance Mutations Among Therapy-Naïve HIV Patients. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2024. [PMID: 38553905 DOI: 10.1089/aid.2023.0102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Glycoprotein 41 (gp41) of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) protein plays a critical role in membrane fusion. Gp41 binds to proteins in the plasma membrane of CD4+ T cells, particularly the T-cell antigen receptor (TCR). These findings indicate that gp41 is involved in the assembly of HIV-1 at the plasma membrane of T cells and affects the stimulation of the TCR. To control HIV-1, new inhibitors were introduced to target the gp41 protein. However, mutations in this region might reduce their efficacy. The Gp41 region was amplified from the sera of 30 patients using nested polymerase chain reaction. The sequences were analyzed by bioinformatics tools to identify mutations and gp41 structural features. Subtyping and the interaction between fusion inhibitors and gp41 proteins were also examined. As the first report from Iran, docking analysis between fusion inhibitors and Iranian gp41 proteins showed that mutations in gp41 could not reduce the efficacy of the fusion inhibitors. Most of the patients were infected with CRF35-AD. Several post-modification positions, including glycosylation and phosphorylation sites, were identified in the gp41 protein. Our findings revealed no known multinational drug resistance to gp41 inhibitors; thus, fusion inhibitors can effectively inhibit HIV in Iranian patients. In addition, the present study introduced a new gp41 region (36-44 aa), which considerably influences the interactions between gp41 inhibitors and the gp41 protein. This region may play a pivotal role in suppressing gp41 inhibitors in CFR35-AD. Furthermore, gp41 can be considered a good target for subtyping analysis via the phylogenetic method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzaneh Ghassabi
- HIV/AIDS Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ava Hashempour
- HIV/AIDS Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Behzad Dehghani
- HIV/AIDS Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Zahra Hasanshahi
- HIV/AIDS Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Nastaran Khodadad
- HIV/AIDS Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Farideh Behizadeh
- HIV/AIDS Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohamad Ali Davarpanah
- HIV/AIDS Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Li K, Zhang Q. Eliminating the HIV tissue reservoir: current strategies and challenges. Infect Dis (Lond) 2024; 56:165-182. [PMID: 38149977 DOI: 10.1080/23744235.2023.2298450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is still one of the most widespread and harmful infectious diseases in the world. The presence of reservoirs housing the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) represents a significant impediment to the development of clinically applicable treatments on a large scale. The viral load in the blood can be effectively reduced to undetectable levels through antiretroviral therapy (ART), and a higher concentration of HIV is sequestered in various tissues throughout the body, forming the tissue reservoir - the source of viremia after interruption treatment. METHODS We take the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) as a guideline for this review. In June 2023, we used the Pubmed, Embase, and Scopus databases to search the relevant literature published in the last decade. RESULTS Here we review the current strategies and treatments for eliminating the HIV tissue reservoirs: early and intensive therapy, gene therapy (including ribozyme, RNA interference, RNA aptamer, zinc finger enzyme, transcriptional activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs), and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/associated nuclease 9 (CRISPR/Cas9)), 'Shock and Kill', 'Block and lock', immunotherapy (including therapeutic vaccines, broadly neutralising antibodies (bNAbs), chimeric antigen receptor T-cell immunotherapy (CAR-T)), and haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). CONCLUSION The existence of an HIV reservoir is the main obstacle to the complete cure of AIDS. Choosing the appropriate strategy to deplete the HIV reservoir and achieve a functional cure for AIDS is the focus and difficulty of current research. So far, there has been a lot of research and progress in reducing the HIV reservoir, but in general, the current research is still very preliminary. Much research is still needed to properly assess the reliability, effectiveness, and necessity of these strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangpeng Li
- National Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- National Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Ka'e AC, Santoro MM, Duca L, Chenwi CA, Ngoufack Jagni Semengue E, Nka AD, Etame NK, Togna Pabo WL, Beloumou G, Mpouel ML, Djupsa S, Takou D, Sosso SM, Tchidjou HK, Colizzi V, Halle-Ekane GE, Perno CF, Lewin S, Jones RB, Tiemessen CT, Ceccherini-Silberstein F, Fokam J. Evaluation of HIV-1 DNA levels among adolescents living with perinatally acquired HIV-1 in Yaounde, Cameroon: A contribution to paediatric HIV cure research in Sub-Saharan Africa. J Virus Erad 2024; 10:100367. [PMID: 38601701 PMCID: PMC11004643 DOI: 10.1016/j.jve.2024.100367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Background With the advent of antiretroviral therapy (ART), most children living with HIV in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) are growing toward adolescence, with scarcity of evidence on the size of viral reservoirs to enhance paediatric cure research strategies. This study aims to compare HIV-1 proviral DNA levels according to virological response among adolescents living with perinatally acquired HIV-1 (ALPHIV) and identify associated-factors in the Cameroonian context. Methods In this observational cohort study, HIV-1 RNA viremia and CD4+ T-cell count were assessed through RT-PCR and flow cytometry respectively at three time-points over 18 months of observation. At the third time-point, 80 randomly-selected participants were classified as with viremia (≥50 HIV-1 copies/mL; n = 40) or without viremia (<50 HIV-1 copies/mL; n = 40); immune-competent (≥500 CD4+ T cells/mm3) or immunocompromised (<500 CD4+ T cells/mm3). Among these participants, total HIV-1 DNA load was quantified through droplet digital PCR using Bio-Rad QX200. Results Of the 80 randomly-selected adolescents, median [IQR] age was 15 (13-17) years, 56.2% were female, duration on ART was 9.3 [5.4-12.2] years. Among the 40 viremic ones (median viremia 7312 [283-71482]) HIV-1 copies/ml, 75.0% (30/40) were in virological failure (≥1000 HIV-1 copies/ml), while median of CD4 T cells were 494 [360-793] cell/mm3 with 48.8% (39/80) immunocompromised. No significant variation in HIV-1 RNA viremia and CD4 T cell count was observed between the three time-points, and 13.7% (11/80) adolescents remained aviremic and immune-competent throughout (stable adolescents). A positive and moderate correlation (r = 0.59; p < 0.001) was found between HIV-1 DNA levels and HIV- 1 RNA viremia. Regarding the CD4 T cell count, a negative and weak correlation (r = -0.28; p = 0.014) was found with HIV-1 DNA loads only among adolescents with viremia. Starting ART within the first year of life, ART for over 9 years and aviremia appear as predictors of low HIV-1 DNA loads. Conclusion Among ALPHIV, high HIV-1 RNA indicates an elevated viral reservoir size, representing a drawback to cure research. Interestingly, early ART initiation and longer ARTduration lead to sustained viral control and limited HIV-1 reservoir size. As limited size of viral reservoir appears consistent with viral control and immune competence, adolescents with sustained viral control (about 14% of this target population) would be candidates for analytical ART interruptions toward establishing paediatric post-treatment controllers in SSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aude Christelle Ka'e
- Chantal Biya International Reference Centre for Research on HIV/AIDS Prevention and Management (CIRCB), Yaounde, Cameroon
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- HIV Research for Cure Academy, International AIDS Society, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Leonardo Duca
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Collins Ambe Chenwi
- Chantal Biya International Reference Centre for Research on HIV/AIDS Prevention and Management (CIRCB), Yaounde, Cameroon
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Alex Durand Nka
- Chantal Biya International Reference Centre for Research on HIV/AIDS Prevention and Management (CIRCB), Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Naomi-Karell Etame
- Chantal Biya International Reference Centre for Research on HIV/AIDS Prevention and Management (CIRCB), Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Willy Leroi Togna Pabo
- Chantal Biya International Reference Centre for Research on HIV/AIDS Prevention and Management (CIRCB), Yaounde, Cameroon
- University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Grace Beloumou
- Chantal Biya International Reference Centre for Research on HIV/AIDS Prevention and Management (CIRCB), Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Marie Laure Mpouel
- Chantal Biya International Reference Centre for Research on HIV/AIDS Prevention and Management (CIRCB), Yaounde, Cameroon
- University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Sandrine Djupsa
- Chantal Biya International Reference Centre for Research on HIV/AIDS Prevention and Management (CIRCB), Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Desire Takou
- Chantal Biya International Reference Centre for Research on HIV/AIDS Prevention and Management (CIRCB), Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Samuel Martin Sosso
- Chantal Biya International Reference Centre for Research on HIV/AIDS Prevention and Management (CIRCB), Yaounde, Cameroon
| | | | | | | | | | - Sharon Lewin
- The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - R Brad Jones
- HIV Research for Cure Academy, International AIDS Society, Geneva, Switzerland
- Weill Cornell Medicine Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, USA
| | - Caroline T. Tiemessen
- HIV Research for Cure Academy, International AIDS Society, Geneva, Switzerland
- Centre for HIV and STIs, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, A Division of the National Health Laboratory Service, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | | | - Joseph Fokam
- Chantal Biya International Reference Centre for Research on HIV/AIDS Prevention and Management (CIRCB), Yaounde, Cameroon
- HIV Research for Cure Academy, International AIDS Society, Geneva, Switzerland
- University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroon
- Central Technical Group, National AIDS Control Committee, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- National HIV Drug Resistance Working Group, Ministry of Public Health, Yaounde, Cameroon
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Li K, Liu B, Ma R, Zhang Q. Detection of HIV-1 DNA/RNA in Peripheral Blood, Bone Marrow and Femoral Head of Patients with Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head. Infect Drug Resist 2024; 17:551-559. [PMID: 38371173 PMCID: PMC10871041 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s449615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Background With the increasing life expectancy of people living with HIV (PLWH) following antiretroviral therapy (ART), there is a growing prevalence of chronic diseases such as osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH). Compared with the more accessible blood, the viral infection profile in bone marrow and necrotic femoral heads in PLWH remains inadequately characterized. Methods Femoral head and bone marrow were collected from 15 PLWH undergoing total hip arthroplasty. For each femoral head, samples were obtained from the subchondral, necrotic, sclerotic, and normal areas. HIV DNA and HIV RNA assays were employed to evaluate disparities in viral load and reservoir between bone marrow and blood, as well as to quantify viral infection in distinct regions of the necrotic femoral head. Results Blood HIV RNA dropped below detectable levels in 8 patients (below 20 copies/mL). The median of bone marrow HIV RNA was 255.89 copies/mL. HIV DNA in blood and bone marrow was 296.35 and 454.31 copies/106 cells. HIV DNA in necrotic area was about half that in sclerotic area, HIV RNA was about twice that in normal area, the difference was statistically significant. Conclusion Despite using ART, there is still substantial active HIV and a potential reservoir in the bone marrow. Viral transcription was most active in the necrotic area of the femoral head, which may indicate that HIV itself is directly involved in ONFH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangpeng Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Ditan Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Ditan Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rui Ma
- Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Ditan Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Ditan Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
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López CAM, Freiberger RN, Sviercz FA, Quarleri J, Delpino MV. HIV-Infected Hepatic Stellate Cells or HCV-Infected Hepatocytes Are Unable to Promote Latency Reversal among HIV-Infected Mononuclear Cells. Pathogens 2024; 13:134. [PMID: 38392872 PMCID: PMC10893349 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13020134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Due to a common mode of transmission through infected human blood, hepatitis C virus (HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) co-infection is relatively prevalent. In alignment with this, HCV co-infection is associated with an increased size of the HIV reservoir in highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART)-treated individuals. Hence, it is crucial to comprehend the physiological mechanisms governing the latency and reactivation of HIV in reservoirs. Consequently, our study delves into the interplay between HCV/HIV co-infection in liver cells and its impact on the modulation of HIV latency. We utilized the latently infected monocytic cell line (U1) and the latently infected T-cell line (J-Lat) and found that mediators produced by the infection of hepatic stellate cells and hepatocytes with HIV and HCV, respectively, were incapable of inducing latency reversal under the studied conditions. This may favor the maintenance of the HIV reservoir size among latently infected mononuclear cells in the liver. Further investigations are essential to elucidate the role of the interaction between liver cells in regulating HIV latency and/or reactivation, providing a physiologically relevant model for comprehending reservoir microenvironments in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jorge Quarleri
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y Sida (INBIRS), Facultad de Medicina, Consejo de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires 1121, Argentina; (C.A.M.L.); (R.N.F.)
| | - María Victoria Delpino
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y Sida (INBIRS), Facultad de Medicina, Consejo de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires 1121, Argentina; (C.A.M.L.); (R.N.F.)
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Li K, Ma R, Xu B, Zhang Q. Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head in People Living With Human Immunodeficiency Virus: A Micro-Computed Tomography Study. Open Forum Infect Dis 2024; 11:ofad660. [PMID: 38250200 PMCID: PMC10798855 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofad660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The incidence of osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) in people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is 10-100 times higher than that in the general population. However, the specific bone microstructure and extent of damage within the femoral head in PWH are still unclear. Methods Femoral head samples were obtained by total hip arthroplasty, micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) was employed to investigate the microstructure of trabecular bone across 4 representative regions within necrotic femoral heads, and quantitative analysis was performed. Results On general observation, different degrees of degenerative cartilage, fibrocartilage, hyperplastic bone, and exposed bone were presented alternately, with a "map-like" appearance. On micro-CT, compared with the normal and necrotic areas, the bone volume/tissue volume and bone mineral density of the sclerotic areas were significantly increased, the number of trabeculae was significantly increased, and the gap was smaller (P < .05). There was no significant difference in trabecular thickness among the groups (P < .05). Conclusions The systemic immune syndrome caused by HIV itself may interfere with the normal metabolism of bone, including osteoblasts and osteoclasts, and thus participate in HIV-related ONFH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangpeng Li
- National Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Ma
- National Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Biao Xu
- National Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- National Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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