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Naganuma M, Ohoka N, Tsuji G, Inoue T, Naito M, Demizu Y. Structural Optimization of Decoy Oligonucleotide-Based PROTAC That Degrades the Estrogen Receptor. Bioconjug Chem 2023; 34:1780-1788. [PMID: 37736001 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.3c00332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs) have attracted attention as a chemical method of protein knockdown via the ubiquitin-proteasome system. Some oligonucleotide-based PROTACs have recently been developed for disease-related proteins that do not have optimal small-molecule ligands such as transcription factors. We have previously developed the PROTAC LCL-ER(dec), which uses a decoy oligonucleotide as a target ligand for estrogen receptor α (ERα) as a model transcription factor. However, LCL-ER(dec) has a low intracellular stability because it comprises natural double-stranded DNA sequences. In the present study, we developed PROTACs containing chemically modified decoys to address this issue. Specifically, we introduced phosphorothioate modifications and hairpin structures into LCL-ER(dec). Among the newly designed PROTACs, LCL-ER(dec)-H46, with a T4 loop structure at the end of the decoy, showed long-term ERα degradation activity while acquiring enzyme tolerance. These findings suggest that the introduction of hairpin structures is a useful modification of oligonucleotides in decoy oligonucleotide-based PROTACs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miyako Naganuma
- Division of Organic Chemistry, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kanagawa 210-9501, Japan
- Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, Kanagawa 236-0027, Japan
| | - Nobumichi Ohoka
- Division of Molecular Target and Gene Therapy Products, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kanagawa 210-9501, Japan
| | - Genichiro Tsuji
- Division of Organic Chemistry, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kanagawa 210-9501, Japan
| | - Takao Inoue
- Division of Molecular Target and Gene Therapy Products, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kanagawa 210-9501, Japan
| | - Mikihiko Naito
- Laboratory of Targeted Protein Degradation, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 110-0033, Japan
| | - Yosuke Demizu
- Division of Organic Chemistry, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kanagawa 210-9501, Japan
- Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, Kanagawa 236-0027, Japan
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2
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Bohrmann L, Burghardt T, Rodríguez-Rodríguez C, Herth MM, Saatchi K, Häfeli UO. Quantitative Evaluation of a Multimodal Aptamer-Targeted Long-Circulating Polymer for Tumor Targeting. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:11003-11020. [PMID: 37008162 PMCID: PMC10061651 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c07762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Aptamers are promising targeting agents for imaging and therapy of numerous diseases, including cancer. However, a significant shortcoming of aptamers is their poor stability and fast excretion, limiting their application in vivo. Common strategies to overcome these challenges is to chemically modify aptamers in order to increase their stability and/or to apply formulation technologies such as conjugating them to polymers or nanocarriers in order to increase their circulation half-life. This is expected to result in improved cellular uptake or retention to passively targeted nanomedicines. Herein, we report a modular conjugation strategy based on click chemistry between functionalized tetrazines and trans-cyclooctene (TCO), for the modification of high molecular weight hyperbranched polyglycerol (HPG) with sgc8 aptamer, fluorescent dyes, and 111In. Our data indicate strong affinity of sgc8 against a range of solid tumor-derived cell lines that have previously not been tested with this aptamer. Nevertheless, nonspecific uptake of scrambled ssDNA-functionalized HPG in cells highlights inherent challenges of aptamer-targeted probes that remain to be solved for clinical translation. We validate HPG-sgc8 as a nontoxic nanoprobe with high affinity against MDA-MB-468 breast and A431 lung cancer cells and show significantly increased plasma stability compared to free sgc8. In vivo quantitative SPECT/CT imaging indicates EPR-mediated tumor uptake of HPG-sgc8 and nontargeted or scrambled ssDNA-conjugated HPG but no statistically significant difference between these formulations in terms of total tumor uptake or retention. Our study emphasizes the need for stringent controls and quantification in the evaluation of aptamer-targeted probes. For this purpose, our versatile synthesis strategy provides a simple approach for the design and evaluation of long-circulating aptamer-conjugated nanoformulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lennart Bohrmann
- Faculty
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of
British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
- Department
of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tobias Burghardt
- Faculty
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of
British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | | | - Matthias M. Herth
- Department
of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medicinal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department
of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej
9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Katayoun Saatchi
- Faculty
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of
British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Urs O. Häfeli
- Faculty
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of
British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
- Department
of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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3
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Zhang Y, Li Q, Ding M, Xiu W, Shan J, Yuwen L, Yang D, Song X, Yang G, Su X, Mou Y, Teng Z, Dong H. Endogenous/Exogenous Nanovaccines Synergistically Enhance Dendritic Cell-Mediated Tumor Immunotherapy. Adv Healthc Mater 2023:e2203028. [PMID: 36807733 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202203028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Abstract
Traditional dendritic cell (DC)-mediated immunotherapy is usually suppressed by weak immunogenicity in tumors and generally leads to unsatisfactory outcomes. Synergistic exogenous/endogenous immunogenic activation can provide an alternative strategy for evoking a robust immune response by promoting DC activation. Herein, Ti3 C2 MXene-based nanoplatforms (termed MXP) are prepared with high-efficiency near-infrared photothermal conversion and immunocompetent loading capacity to form endogenous/exogenous nanovaccines. Specifically, the immunogenic cell death of tumor cells induced by the photothermal effects of the MXP can generate endogenous danger signals and antigens release to boost vaccination for DC maturation and antigen cross-presentation. In addition, MXP can deliver model antigen ovalbumin (OVA) and agonists (CpG-ODN) as an exogenous nanovaccine (MXP@OC), which further enhances DC activation. Importantly, the synergistic strategy of photothermal therapy and DC-mediated immunotherapy by MXP significantly eradicates tumors and enhances adaptive immunity. Hence, the present work provides a two-pronged strategy for improving immunogenicity and killing tumor cells to achieve a favorable outcome in tumor patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 30 Zhongyang Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210008, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Li
- Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 30 Zhongyang Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210008, P. R. China
| | - Meng Ding
- Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 30 Zhongyang Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210008, P. R. China
| | - Weijun Xiu
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Centre for Advanced Materials, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Jingyang Shan
- Department of Neurology, Shenzhen Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518000, P. R. China
| | - Lihui Yuwen
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Centre for Advanced Materials, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Dongliang Yang
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211816, P. R. China
| | - Xuejiao Song
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211816, P. R. China
| | - Guangwen Yang
- Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 30 Zhongyang Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210008, P. R. China
| | - Xiaodan Su
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Centre for Advanced Materials, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Yongbin Mou
- Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 30 Zhongyang Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210008, P. R. China
| | - Zhaogang Teng
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Centre for Advanced Materials, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Heng Dong
- Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 30 Zhongyang Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210008, P. R. China
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4
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Deprey K, Batistatou N, Debets MF, Godfrey J, VanderWall KB, Miles RR, Shehaj L, Guo J, Andreucci A, Kandasamy P, Lu G, Shimizu M, Vargeese C, Kritzer JA. Quantitative Measurement of Cytosolic and Nuclear Penetration of Oligonucleotide Therapeutics. ACS Chem Biol 2022; 17:348-360. [PMID: 35034446 PMCID: PMC9252293 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.1c00830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A major obstacle in the development of effective oligonucleotide therapeutics is a lack of understanding about their cytosolic and nuclear penetration. To address this problem, we have applied the chloroalkane penetration assay (CAPA) to oligonucleotide therapeutics. CAPA was used to quantitate cytosolic delivery of antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) and siRNAs and to explore the effects of a wide variety of commonly used chemical modifications and their patterning. We evaluated potential artifacts by exploring the effects of serum, comparing activity data and CAPA data, and assessing the impact of the chloroalkane tag and its linker chemistry. We also used viral transduction to expand CAPA to the nuclear compartment in epithelial and neuronal cell lines. Using this enhanced method, we measured a 48-h time course of nuclear penetration for a panel of chemically diverse modified RNAs. Moving forward, CAPA will be a useful tool for deconvoluting the complex processes of endosomal uptake, escape into the cytosol, and subcellular trafficking of oligonucleotide therapeutics in therapeutically relevant cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten Deprey
- Department of Chemistry, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | - Nefeli Batistatou
- Department of Chemistry, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | - Marjoke F. Debets
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | - Jack Godfrey
- Wave Life Sciences, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Kirstin B. VanderWall
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | - Rebecca R. Miles
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | - Livia Shehaj
- Department of Chemistry, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | - Jiaxing Guo
- Department of Chemistry, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | - Amy Andreucci
- Wave Life Sciences, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | | | - Genliang Lu
- Wave Life Sciences, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Mamoru Shimizu
- Wave Life Sciences, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Chandra Vargeese
- Wave Life Sciences, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Joshua A. Kritzer
- Department of Chemistry, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States,corresponding author:
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5
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Li J, Panetta F, O'Keeffe M, Leal Rojas IM, Radford KJ, Zhang JG, Fernandez-Ruiz D, Davey GM, Gully BS, Tullett KM, Rossjohn J, Berry R, Lee CN, Lahoud MH, Heath WR, Caminschi I. Elucidating the Motif for CpG Oligonucleotide Binding to the Dendritic Cell Receptor DEC-205 Leads to Improved Adjuvants for Liver-Resident Memory. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 207:1836-1847. [PMID: 34479944 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2001153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
DEC-205 is a cell-surface receptor that transports bound ligands into the endocytic pathway for degradation or release within lysosomal endosomes. This receptor has been reported to bind a number of ligands, including keratin, and some classes of CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN). In this study, we explore in detail the requirements for binding ODNs, revealing that DEC-205 efficiently binds single-stranded, phosphorothioated ODN of ≥14 bases, with preference for the DNA base thymidine, but with no requirement for a CpG motif. DEC-205 fails to bind double-stranded phosphodiester ODN, and thus does not bind the natural type of DNA found in mammals. The ODN binding preferences of DEC-205 result in strong binding of B class ODN, moderate binding to C class ODN, minimal binding to P class ODN, and no binding to A class ODN. Consistent with DEC-205 binding capacity, induction of serum IL-12p70 or activation of B cells by each class of ODN correlated with DEC-205 dependence in mice. Thus, the greater the DEC-205 binding capacity, the greater the dependence on DEC-205 for optimal responses. Finally, by covalently linking a B class ODN that efficiently binds DEC-205, to a P class ODN that shows poor binding, we improved DEC-205 binding and increased adjuvancy of the hybrid ODN. The hybrid ODN efficiently enhanced induction of effector CD8 T cells in a DEC-205-dependent manner. Furthermore, the hybrid ODN induced robust memory responses, and was particularly effective at promoting the development of liver tissue-resident memory T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Li
- Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Fatma Panetta
- Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Meredith O'Keeffe
- Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ingrid M Leal Rojas
- Cancer Immunotherapies Laboratory, Mater Research Institute, University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kristen J Radford
- Cancer Immunotherapies Laboratory, Mater Research Institute, University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jian-Guo Zhang
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Daniel Fernandez-Ruiz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gayle M Davey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Benjamin S Gully
- Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kirsteen M Tullett
- Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jamie Rossjohn
- Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Berry
- Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Chin-Nien Lee
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; and
| | - Mireille H Lahoud
- Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - William R Heath
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; .,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Irina Caminschi
- Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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6
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Design and Application of a Short (16-mer) Locked Nucleic Acid Splice-Switching Oligonucleotide for Dystrophin Production in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy Myotubes. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2161:37-50. [PMID: 32681504 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0680-3_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Splice-switching oligonucleotides (SSOs) have been used to modulate gene expression by interfering with pre-mRNA splicing with the intent to treat disease. For Duchenne muscular dystrophy, splicing modulation has been used to induce the skipping of exon 51 of the dystrophin transcript, allowing the production of a truncated but functional protein. Although oligonucleotide-based therapies are promising, the rapid degradation of oligonucleotides (ONs) by intracellular nucleases has been a major obstacle. Locked nucleic acid (LNA) substitution in SSOs protects oligonucleotides from nuclease degradation and enhances the hybridization properties of the oligo. However, the best optimum size of the oligo depends on the LNA substitution rate. Here we show that 16-mer DNA SSOs with 60% LNA substitution and full phosphorothioate (PS) linkage backbone efficiently induce exon 51 skipping in myogenic cells derived from a DMD patient, allowing expression of the dystrophin protein.
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7
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Flanagan SP, Fogel R, Edkins AL, Ho LSJ, Limson J. Nonspecific nuclear uptake of anti-MUC1 aptamers by dead cells: the role of cell viability monitoring in aptamer targeting of membrane-bound protein cancer biomarkers. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2021; 13:1191-1203. [PMID: 33605950 DOI: 10.1039/d0ay01878c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Most aptamers targeting cell-expressed antigens are intended for in vivo application, however, these sequences are commonly generated in vitro against synthetic oligopeptide epitopes or recombinant proteins. As these in vitro analogues frequently do not mimic the in vivo target within an endogenous environment, the evolved aptamers are often prone to nonspecific binding. The presence of dead cells and cellular debris further complicate aptamer targeting, due to their high nonspecific affinities to single-stranded DNA. Despite these known limitations, assessment of cell viability and/or the removal of dead cells is rarely applied as part of the methodology during in vivo testing of aptamer binding. Furthermore, the extent and route(s) by which dead cells uptake existing aptamers remains to be determined in the literature. For this purpose, the previously reported aptamer sequences 5TR1, 5TR4, 5TRG2 and S22 - enriched against the MUC1 tumour marker of the mucin glycoprotein family - were used as model sequences to evaluate the influence of cell viability and the presence of nontarget cell-expressed protein on aptamer binding to the MUC1 expressing human cancer cell lines MCF-7, Hs578T, SW480, and SW620. From fluorescence microscopy analysis, all tested aptamers demonstrated extensive nonspecific uptake within the nuclei of dead cells with compromised membrane integrities. Using fluorescent-activated cell sorting (FACS), the inclusion of excess double-stranded DNA as a blocking agent showed no effect on nonspecific aptamer uptake by dead cells. Further nonspecific binding to cell-membrane bound and intracellular protein was evident for each aptamer sequence, as assessed by southwestern blotting and FACS. These factors likely contributed to the ∼120-fold greater binding response of the 5TR1 aptamer to dead MCF-7 cells over equivalent live cell populations. The identification of dead cells and cellular debris using viability stains and the subsequent exclusion of these cells from FACS analysis was identified as an essential requirement for the evaluation of aptamer binding specificity to live cell populations of the cancer cell lines MCF-7, Hs578T and SW480. The research findings stress the importance of dead cell uptake and more comprehensive cell viability screening to validate novel aptamer sequences for diagnostic and therapeutic application.
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8
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Van Der Hofstadt M, Galas JC, Estevez-Torres A. Spatiotemporal Patterning of Living Cells with Extracellular DNA Programs. ACS NANO 2021; 15:1741-1752. [PMID: 33356142 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c09422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Reactive extracellular media focus on engineering reaction networks outside the cell to control intracellular chemical composition across time and space. However, current implementations lack the feedback loops and out-of-equilibrium molecular dynamics for encoding spatiotemporal control. Here, we demonstrate that enzyme-DNA molecular programs combining these qualities are functional in an extracellular medium where human cells can grow. With this approach, we construct an internalization program that delivers fluorescent DNA inside living cells and remains functional for at least 48 h. Its nonequilibrium dynamics allows us to control both the time and position of cell internalization. In particular, a spatially inhomogeneous version of this program generates a tunable reaction-diffusion two-band pattern of cell internalization. This demonstrates that a synthetic extracellular program can provide temporal and positional information to living cells, emulating archetypal mechanisms observed during embryo development. We foresee that nonequilibrium reactive extracellular media could be advantageously applied to in vitro biomolecular tracking, tissue engineering, or smart bandages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Van Der Hofstadt
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine (IBPS), Laboratoire Jean Perrin (LJP), F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Christophe Galas
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine (IBPS), Laboratoire Jean Perrin (LJP), F-75005, Paris, France
| | - André Estevez-Torres
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine (IBPS), Laboratoire Jean Perrin (LJP), F-75005, Paris, France
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9
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Bianchi S, Martínez Allo VC, Massimino M, Lavignolle Heguy MDR, Borzone FR, Gomez Bustillo S, Chasseing NA, Libertun C, Montaner AD, Rabinovich GA, Toscano MA, Lux-Lantos VA, Bianchi MS. Oligonucleotide IMT504 Improves Glucose Metabolism and Controls Immune Cell Mediators in Female Diabetic NOD Mice. Nucleic Acid Ther 2020; 31:155-171. [PMID: 33347786 DOI: 10.1089/nat.2020.0901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes occurs as a consequence of progressive autoimmune destruction of beta cells. A potential treatment for this disease should address the immune attack on beta cells and their preservation/regeneration. The objective of this study was to elucidate whether the immunomodulatory synthetic oligonucleotide IMT504 was able to ameliorate diabetes in NOD mice and to provide further understanding of its mechanism of action. We found that IMT504 restores glucose homeostasis in a diabetes mouse model similar to human type 1 diabetes, by regulating expression of immune modulatory factors and improving beta cell function. IMT504 treatment markedly improved fasting glycemia, insulinemia, and homeostatic model assessment of beta cell function (HOMA-Beta cell) index. Moreover, this treatment increased islet number and decreased apoptosis, insulitis, and CD45+ pancreas-infiltrating leukocytes. In a long-term treatment, we observed improvement of glucose metabolism up to 9 days after IMT504 cessation and increased survival after 15 days of the last IMT504 injection. We postulate that interleukin (IL)-12B (p40), possibly acting as a homodimer, and Galectin-3 (Gal-3) may function as mediators of this immunomodulatory action. Overall, these results validate the therapeutic activity of IMT504 as a promising drug for type 1 diabetes and suggest possible downstream mediators of its immunomodulatory effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Bianchi
- Laboratoio de Neuroendocrinología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Verónica C Martínez Allo
- Laboratorio de Inmunopatología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Milena Massimino
- Laboratoio de Neuroendocrinología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Del R Lavignolle Heguy
- Laboratoio de Neuroendocrinología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Francisco R Borzone
- Laboratorio de Inmunohematología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sofía Gomez Bustillo
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología César Milstein-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Fundación Pablo Cassará, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Norma A Chasseing
- Laboratorio de Inmunohematología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carlos Libertun
- Laboratoio de Neuroendocrinología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alejandro D Montaner
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología César Milstein-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Fundación Pablo Cassará, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gabriel A Rabinovich
- Laboratorio de Inmunopatología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Departmento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marta A Toscano
- Laboratorio de Inmunopatología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Victoria A Lux-Lantos
- Laboratoio de Neuroendocrinología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María S Bianchi
- Laboratoio de Neuroendocrinología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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10
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Lv C, Gu X, Li H, Zhao Y, Yang D, Yu W, Han D, Li J, Tan W. Molecular Transport through a Biomimetic DNA Channel on Live Cell Membranes. ACS NANO 2020; 14:14616-14626. [PMID: 32897687 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c03105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Biological membrane channels, considered as molecular gatekeepers, control the transportation of molecules and ions across live cell membranes. Developing synthetic passable channels with predictable structures, high transport efficiency, and low cytotoxicity on live cells is of great interest for replicating the functions of endogenous protein channels, but remains challenging. The development of DNA nanotechnology provides possible solutions for making synthetic channels with precise structures and controllable functionalization. Therefore, in this work, we constructed a phosphorothioate-modified DNA nanopore able to structurally mimic biological channels for molecular transport across live cell membranes. With its stable structure with small hollow size (<2 nm) and the ability to interact with the lipid molecules, this DNA nanopore could show stable insertion into the plasma membrane. We further proved that this membrane-spanning channel could transport ions and antitumor drugs to neurons and cancer cells, respectively, and do so within a certain time window. We expect that this live cell membrane-spanning synthetic DNA nanopore will provide a tool for studying cellular communication, building synthetic cells, and achieving controlled transmembrane transport to cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Lv
- Institute of Molecular Medicine (IMM), Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Nucleic Acid Chemistry and Nanomedicine, Renji Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, School of Medicine and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Xiyao Gu
- Institute of Molecular Medicine (IMM), Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Nucleic Acid Chemistry and Nanomedicine, Renji Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, School of Medicine and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Haowen Li
- Institute of Molecular Medicine (IMM), Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Nucleic Acid Chemistry and Nanomedicine, Renji Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, School of Medicine and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Yumeng Zhao
- Institute of Molecular Medicine (IMM), Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Nucleic Acid Chemistry and Nanomedicine, Renji Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, School of Medicine and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Donglei Yang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine (IMM), Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Nucleic Acid Chemistry and Nanomedicine, Renji Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, School of Medicine and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Weifeng Yu
- Institute of Molecular Medicine (IMM), Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Nucleic Acid Chemistry and Nanomedicine, Renji Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, School of Medicine and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Da Han
- Institute of Molecular Medicine (IMM), Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Nucleic Acid Chemistry and Nanomedicine, Renji Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, School of Medicine and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Juan Li
- Institute of Molecular Medicine (IMM), Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Nucleic Acid Chemistry and Nanomedicine, Renji Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, School of Medicine and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
- The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, China
| | - Weihong Tan
- Institute of Molecular Medicine (IMM), Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Nucleic Acid Chemistry and Nanomedicine, Renji Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, School of Medicine and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL), State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Biology, Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
- The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, China
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11
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Liu J, Li HJ, Luo YL, Chen YF, Fan YN, Du JZ, Wang J. Programmable Delivery of Immune Adjuvant to Tumor-Infiltrating Dendritic Cells for Cancer Immunotherapy. NANO LETTERS 2020; 20:4882-4889. [PMID: 32551705 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c00893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Tumor-infiltrating dendritic cells (TIDCs) are mostly immature and immunosuppressive, usually mediating immune inhibition. The utilization of cytosine-guanine oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG ODNs) to stimulate the activation of TIDCs has been demonstrated to be effective for improving antitumor immunity. However, a series of biological barriers has limited the efficacy of previous nanocarriers for delivering CpG to TIDCs. Herein, we developed a dual-sensitive dendrimer cluster-based nanoadjuvant for delivering CpG ODNs into TIDCs. We show that the tumor acidity triggers the rapid release of CpG conjugated polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers from the nanoadjuvant, thus facilitating its perfusion deep into tumors and phagocytosis by TIDCs. Thereafter, the reductive condition of the endolysosomes led to the subsequent release of CpG, which promotes the DCs activation and enhances antitumor immunotherapies. Programmable delivery of immune adjuvant efficiently overcomes the barriers for targeted delivery to TIDCs and provides a promising strategy for improving cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, Guangzhou International Campus, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, P. R. China
| | - Hong-Jun Li
- Institutes for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Ying-Li Luo
- Institutes for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Yi-Fang Chen
- Institutes for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Ya-Nan Fan
- Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, Guangzhou International Campus, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Jin-Zhi Du
- Institutes for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Jun Wang
- Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, Guangzhou International Campus, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Guangdong Province, and Innovation Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
- Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou 510005, P. R. China
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12
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Panigaj M, Johnson MB, Ke W, McMillan J, Goncharova EA, Chandler M, Afonin KA. Aptamers as Modular Components of Therapeutic Nucleic Acid Nanotechnology. ACS NANO 2019; 13:12301-12321. [PMID: 31664817 PMCID: PMC7382785 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b06522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Nucleic acids play a central role in all domains of life, either as genetic blueprints or as regulators of various biochemical pathways. The chemical makeup of ribonucleic acid (RNA) or deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), generally represented by a sequence of four monomers, also provides precise instructions for folding and higher-order assembly of these biopolymers that, in turn, dictate biological functions. The sequence-based specific 3D structures of nucleic acids led to the development of the directed evolution of oligonucleotides, SELEX (systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment), against a chosen target molecule. Among the variety of functions, selected oligonucleotides named aptamers also allow targeting of cell-specific receptors with antibody-like precision and can deliver functional RNAs without a transfection agent. The advancements in the field of customizable nucleic acid nanoparticles (NANPs) opened avenues for the design of nanoassemblies utilizing aptamers for triggering or blocking cell signaling pathways or using aptamer-receptor combinations to activate therapeutic functionalities. A recent selection of fluorescent aptamers enables real-time tracking of NANP formation and interactions. The aptamers are anticipated to contribute to the future development of technologies, enabling an efficient assembly of functional NANPs in mammalian cells or in vivo. These research topics are of top importance for the field of therapeutic nucleic acid nanotechnology with the promises to scale up mass production of NANPs suitable for biomedical applications, to control the intracellular organization of biological materials to enhance the efficiency of biochemical pathways, and to enhance the therapeutic potential of NANP-based therapeutics while minimizing undesired side effects and toxicities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Panigaj
- Nanoscale Science Program, Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina 28223, United States
- Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Safarik University in Kosice, Kosice 04154, Slovak Republic
| | - M. Brittany Johnson
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina 28223, United States
| | - Weina Ke
- Nanoscale Science Program, Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina 28223, United States
| | - Jessica McMillan
- Nanoscale Science Program, Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina 28223, United States
| | - Ekaterina A. Goncharova
- Nanoscale Science Program, Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina 28223, United States
- Laboratory of Solution Chemistry of Advanced Materials and Technologies, ITMO University, St. Petersburg 191002, Russian Federation
| | - Morgan Chandler
- Nanoscale Science Program, Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina 28223, United States
| | - Kirill A. Afonin
- Nanoscale Science Program, Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina 28223, United States
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13
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Munakata L, Tanimoto Y, Osa A, Meng J, Haseda Y, Naito Y, Machiyama H, Kumanogoh A, Omata D, Maruyama K, Yoshioka Y, Okada Y, Koyama S, Suzuki R, Aoshi T. Lipid nanoparticles of Type-A CpG D35 suppress tumor growth by changing tumor immune-microenvironment and activate CD8 T cells in mice. J Control Release 2019; 313:106-119. [PMID: 31629036 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2019.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Type-A CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs), which have a natural phosphodiester backbone, is one of the highest IFN-α inducer from plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) via Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9)-dependent signaling. However, the in vivo application of Type-A CpG has been limited because the rapid degradation in vivo results in relatively weak biological effect compared to other Type-B, -C, and -P CpG ODNs, which have nuclease-resistant phosphorothioate backbones. To overcome this limitation, we developed lipid nanoparticles formulation containing a Type-A CpG ODN, D35 (D35LNP). When tested in a mouse tumor model, intratumoral and intravenous D35LNP administration significantly suppressed tumor growth in a CD8 T cell-dependent manner, whereas original D35 showed no efficacy. Tumor suppression was associated with Th1-related gene induction and activation of CD8 T cells in the tumor. The combination of D35LNP and an anti-PD-1 antibody increased the therapeutic efficacy. Importantly, the therapeutic schedule and dose of intravenous D35LNP did not induce apparent liver toxicity. These results suggested that D35LNP is a safe and effective immunostimulatory drug formulation for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Munakata
- Laboratory of Drug and Gene Delivery Research, Faculty of Pharma-Science, Teikyo University, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Tanimoto
- Vaccine Dynamics Project, BIKEN Innovative Vaccine Research Alliance Laboratories, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Japan
| | - Akio Osa
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Japan
| | - Jie Meng
- Vaccine Dynamics Project, BIKEN Innovative Vaccine Research Alliance Laboratories, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Japan
| | - Yasunari Haseda
- Vaccine Dynamics Project, BIKEN Innovative Vaccine Research Alliance Laboratories, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Japan
| | - Yujiro Naito
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Japan
| | - Hirotomo Machiyama
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kumanogoh
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Japan
| | - Daiki Omata
- Laboratory of Drug and Gene Delivery Research, Faculty of Pharma-Science, Teikyo University, Japan
| | - Kazuo Maruyama
- Laboratory of Ultrasound Theranostics, Faculty of Pharma-Science, Teikyo University, Japan
| | - Yasuo Yoshioka
- Vaccine Creation Project, BIKEN Innovative Vaccine Research Alliance Laboratories, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Japan; Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Japan; BIKEN Center for Innovative Vaccine Research and Development, The Research Foundation for Microbial Diseases of Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Okada
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Japan
| | - Shohei Koyama
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Japan
| | - Ryo Suzuki
- Laboratory of Drug and Gene Delivery Research, Faculty of Pharma-Science, Teikyo University, Japan.
| | - Taiki Aoshi
- Vaccine Dynamics Project, BIKEN Innovative Vaccine Research Alliance Laboratories, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Japan; BIKEN Center for Innovative Vaccine Research and Development, The Research Foundation for Microbial Diseases of Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
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14
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Tanowitz M, Hettrick L, Revenko A, Kinberger GA, Prakash TP, Seth PP. Asialoglycoprotein receptor 1 mediates productive uptake of N-acetylgalactosamine-conjugated and unconjugated phosphorothioate antisense oligonucleotides into liver hepatocytes. Nucleic Acids Res 2017; 45:12388-12400. [PMID: 29069408 PMCID: PMC5716100 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkx960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) therapeutics show tremendous promise for the treatment of previously intractable human diseases but to exert their effects on cellular RNA processing they must first cross the plasma membrane by endocytosis. The conjugation of ASOs to a receptor ligand can dramatically increase their entry into certain cells and tissues, as demonstrated by the implementation of N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc)-conjugated ASOs for Asialoglycoprotein Receptor (ASGR)-mediated uptake into liver hepatocytes. We compared the internalization and activity of GalNAc-conjugated ASOs and their parents in endogenous ASGR-expressing cells and were able to recapitulate hepatocyte ASO uptake and activity in cells engineered to heterologously express the receptor. We found that the minor receptor subunit, ASGR2, is not required for effective in vitro or in vivo uptake of GalNAc-conjugated ASO and that the major subunit, ASGR1, plays a small but significant role in the uptake of unconjugated phosphorothioate ASOs into hepatocytes. Moreover, our data demonstrates there is a large excess capacity of liver ASGR for the effective uptake of GalNAc–ASO conjugates, suggesting broad opportunities to exploit receptors with relatively moderate levels of expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Tanowitz
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc. 2855 Gazelle Court, Carlsbad, CA 92010, USA
| | - Lisa Hettrick
- Department of Antisense Drug Discovery, Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc. 2855 Gazelle Court, Carlsbad, CA 92010, USA
| | - Alexey Revenko
- Department of Antisense Drug Discovery, Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc. 2855 Gazelle Court, Carlsbad, CA 92010, USA
| | - Garth A Kinberger
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc. 2855 Gazelle Court, Carlsbad, CA 92010, USA
| | - Thazha P Prakash
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc. 2855 Gazelle Court, Carlsbad, CA 92010, USA
| | - Punit P Seth
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc. 2855 Gazelle Court, Carlsbad, CA 92010, USA
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15
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González-Barriga A, Nillessen B, Kranzen J, van Kessel IDG, Croes HJE, Aguilera B, de Visser PC, Datson NA, Mulders SAM, van Deutekom JCT, Wieringa B, Wansink DG. Intracellular Distribution and Nuclear Activity of Antisense Oligonucleotides After Unassisted Uptake in Myoblasts and Differentiated Myotubes In Vitro. Nucleic Acid Ther 2017; 27:144-158. [PMID: 28375678 PMCID: PMC5467152 DOI: 10.1089/nat.2016.0641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical efficacy of antisense oligonucleotides (AONs) for the treatment of neuromuscular disorders depends on efficient cellular uptake and proper intracellular routing to the target. Selection of AONs with highest in vitro efficiencies is usually based on chemical or physical methods for forced cellular delivery. Since these methods largely bypass existing natural mechanisms for membrane passage and intracellular trafficking, spontaneous uptake and distribution of AONs in cells are still poorly understood. Here, we report on the unassisted uptake of naked AONs, so-called gymnosis, in muscle cells in culture. We found that gymnosis works similarly well for proliferating myoblasts as for terminally differentiated myotubes. Cell biological analyses combined with microscopy imaging showed that a phosphorothioate backbone promotes efficient gymnosis, that uptake is clathrin mediated and mainly results in endosomal-lysosomal accumulation. Nuclear localization occurred at a low level, but the gymnotically delivered AONs effectively modulated the expression of their nuclear RNA targets. Chloroquine treatment after gymnotic delivery helped increase nuclear AON levels. In sum, we demonstrate that gymnosis is feasible in proliferating and non-proliferating muscle cells and we confirm the relevance of AON chemistry for uptake and intracellular trafficking with this method, which provides a useful means for bio-activity screening of AONs in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anchel González-Barriga
- 1 Department of Cell Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen, the Netherlands .,2 BioMarin Nederland B.V., Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Bram Nillessen
- 1 Department of Cell Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Julia Kranzen
- 1 Department of Cell Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Ingeborg D G van Kessel
- 1 Department of Cell Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Huib J E Croes
- 1 Department of Cell Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Bé Wieringa
- 1 Department of Cell Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Derick G Wansink
- 1 Department of Cell Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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16
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Moroz E, Lee SH, Yamada K, Halloy F, Martínez-Montero S, Jahns H, Hall J, Damha MJ, Castagner B, Leroux JC. Carrier-free Gene Silencing by Amphiphilic Nucleic Acid Conjugates in Differentiated Intestinal Cells. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2016; 5:e364. [PMID: 27648924 PMCID: PMC5056993 DOI: 10.1038/mtna.2016.69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Nucleic acid therapy can be beneficial for the local treatment of gastrointestinal diseases that currently lack appropriate treatments. Indeed, several oligonucleotides (ONs) are currently progressing through clinical trials as potential treatments for inflammatory bowel diseases. However, due to low uptake of carrier-free ONs by mucosal cells, strategies aimed at increasing the potency of orally administered ONs would be highly desirable. In this work, we explored the silencing properties of chemically modified and highly resistant ONs derivatized with hydrophobic alkyl chain on intestinal epithelial cells. We screened a set of lipid-ON conjugates for the silencing of model Bcl-2 mRNA and selected 2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro-arabinonucleic acid modified ON bearing docosanoyl moiety (L-FANA) as the most potent candidate with lowest toxicity. The efficacy of L-FANA conjugate was preserved in simulated intestinal fluids and in the inverted transfection setup. Importantly, L-FANA conjugate was able to downregulate target gene expression at both mRNA and protein levels in a difficult-to-transfect polarized epithelial cell monolayer in the absence of delivery devices and membrane disturbing agents. These findings indicate that lipid-ON conjugates could be promising therapeutics for the treatment of intestinal diseases as well as a valuable tool for the discovery of new therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Moroz
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Soo Hyeon Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ken Yamada
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - François Halloy
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Hartmut Jahns
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jonathan Hall
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Masad J Damha
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Bastien Castagner
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Jean-Christophe Leroux
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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17
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Shorter SA, Gollings AS, Gorringe-Pattrick MAM, Coakley JE, Dyer PDR, Richardson SCW. The potential of toxin-based drug delivery systems for enhanced nucleic acid therapeutic delivery. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2016; 14:685-696. [DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2016.1227781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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18
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Miller CM, Harris EN. Antisense Oligonucleotides: Treatment Strategies and Cellular Internalization. RNA & DISEASE 2016; 3:e1393. [PMID: 28374018 PMCID: PMC5376066 DOI: 10.14800/rd.1393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The clinical applicaton of antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) is becoming more of a reality as several drugs have been approved for the treatment of human disorders and many others are in various phases in development and clinical trials. ASOs are short DNA/RNA oligos which are heavily modified to increase their stability in biological fluids and retain the properties of creating RNA-RNA and DNA-RNA duplexes that knock-down or correct genetic expression. This review outlines several strategies that ASOs utilize for the treatment of various congenital diseases and syndromes that develop with aging. In addition, we discuss some of the mechanisms for specific non-targeted ASO internalization within cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colton M. Miller
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, 1901 Vine St. Lincoln NE 68588 USA
| | - Edward N. Harris
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, 1901 Vine St. Lincoln NE 68588 USA
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19
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Development of Cell-Penetrating Asymmetric Interfering RNA Targeting Connective Tissue Growth Factor. J Invest Dermatol 2016; 136:2305-2313. [PMID: 27427487 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2016.06.626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Revised: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) is a multifunctional matricellular protein, playing a role as a central mediator in tissue remodeling and fibrosis. A number of reports have shown the pivotal roles of CTGF in the progression of fibrosis, suggesting CTGF as a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of fibrotic disorders including hypertrophic scars and keloids. In this study, we present the development of an interfering RNA molecule that efficiently inhibits the expression of CTGF via RNA interference mechanism both in vitro and in vivo. Chemical modifications were introduced to the asymmetric interfering RNA (asiRNA) backbone structure. The resulting RNA molecule, termed cell-penetrating asiRNA (cp-asiRNA), entered into cells and triggered RNA interference-mediated gene silencing without delivery vehicles. The gene-silencing activity of cp-asiRNA targeting CTGF (cp-asiCTGF) was examined both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, the administration of cp-asiCTGF in the rat skin excision wound model efficiently reduced the induction of CTGF and collagens during the wound-healing process. These results suggest that the cp-asiCTGF molecule could be developed into antifibrotic therapeutics such as antiscar drugs.
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20
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Chikh G, Luu R, Patel S, Davis HL, Weeratna RD. Effects of KLK Peptide on Adjuvanticity of Different ODN Sequences. Vaccines (Basel) 2016; 4:vaccines4020014. [PMID: 27153098 PMCID: PMC4931631 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines4020014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Revised: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Endosomal Toll-like receptors (TLR) such as TLR3, 7, 8 and 9 recognize pathogen associated nucleic acids. While DNA sequence does influence degree of binding to and activation of TLR9, it also appears to influence the ability of the ligand to reach the intracellular endosomal compartment. The KLK (KLKL5KLK) antimicrobial peptide, which is immunostimulatory itself, can translocate into cells without cell membrane permeabilization and thus can be used for endosomal delivery of TLR agonists, as has been shown with the IC31 formulation that contains an oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) TLR9 agonist. We evaluated the adjuvant activity of KLK combined with CpG or non-CpG (GpC) ODN synthesized with nuclease resistant phosphorothioate (S) or native phosphodiester (O) backbones with ovalbumin (OVA) antigen in mice. As single adjuvants, CpG(S) gave the strongest enhancement of OVA-specific immunity and the addition of KLK provided no benefit and was actually detrimental for some readouts. In contrast, KLK enhanced the adjuvant effects of CpG(O) and to a lesser extent of GpC (S), which on their own had little or no activity. Indeed while CD8 T cells, IFN-γ secretion and humoral response to vaccine antigen were enhanced when CpG(O) was combined with KLK, only IFN-γ secretion was enhanced when GpC (S) was combined to KLK. The synergistic adjuvant effects with KLK/ODN combinations were TLR9-mediated since they did not occur in TLR9 knock-out mice. We hypothesize that a nuclease resistant ODN with CpG motifs has its own mechanism for entering cells to reach the endosome. For ODN without CpG motifs, KLK appears to provide an alternate mechanism for accessing the endosome, where it can activate TLR9, albeit with lower potency than a CpG ODN. For nuclease sensitive (O) backbone ODN, KLK may also provide protection from nucleases in the tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghania Chikh
- Pfizer Vaccine Immunotherapeutics, Ottawa Laboratories, Ottawa, ON K2K 3A2, Canada.
| | - Rachel Luu
- Pfizer Vaccine Immunotherapeutics, Ottawa Laboratories, Ottawa, ON K2K 3A2, Canada.
| | - Shobhna Patel
- Pfizer Vaccine Immunotherapeutics, Ottawa Laboratories, Ottawa, ON K2K 3A2, Canada.
| | - Heather L Davis
- Pfizer Vaccine Immunotherapeutics, Ottawa Laboratories, Ottawa, ON K2K 3A2, Canada.
| | - Risini D Weeratna
- Pfizer Vaccine Immunotherapeutics, Ottawa Laboratories, Ottawa, ON K2K 3A2, Canada.
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Miller CM, Donner AJ, Blank EE, Egger AW, Kellar BM, Østergaard ME, Seth PP, Harris EN. Stabilin-1 and Stabilin-2 are specific receptors for the cellular internalization of phosphorothioate-modified antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) in the liver. Nucleic Acids Res 2016; 44:2782-94. [PMID: 26908652 PMCID: PMC4824115 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkw112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphorothioate (PS)-modified antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) have been extensively investigated over the past three decades as pharmacological and therapeutic agents. One second generation ASO, Kynamro™, was recently approved by the FDA for the treatment of homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia and over 35 second generation PS ASOs are at various stages of clinical development. In this report, we show that the Stabilin class of scavenger receptors, which were not previously thought to bind DNA, do bind and internalize PS ASOs. With the use of primary cells from mouse and rat livers and recombinant cell lines each expressing Stabilin-1 and each isoform of Stabilin-2 (315-HARE and 190-HARE), we have determined that PS ASOs bind with high affinity and these receptors are responsible for bulk, clathrin-mediated endocytosis within the cell. Binding is primarily dependent on salt-bridge formation and correct folding of the intact protein receptor. Increased internalization rates also enhanced ASO potency for reducing expression of the non-coding RNA Malat-1, in Stabilin-expressing cell lines. A more thorough understanding of mechanisms by which ASOs are internalized in cells and their intracellular trafficking pathways will aid in the design of next generation antisense agents with improved therapeutic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colton M Miller
- University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Dept. of Biochemistry, 1901 Vine Street Lincoln NE 68588, USA
| | - Aaron J Donner
- Ionis Pharmaceuticals, 2855 Gazelle Ct, Carlsbad, CA 92010, USA
| | - Emma E Blank
- University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Dept. of Biochemistry, 1901 Vine Street Lincoln NE 68588, USA
| | - Andrew W Egger
- University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Dept. of Biochemistry, 1901 Vine Street Lincoln NE 68588, USA
| | - Brianna M Kellar
- University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Dept. of Biochemistry, 1901 Vine Street Lincoln NE 68588, USA
| | | | - Punit P Seth
- Ionis Pharmaceuticals, 2855 Gazelle Ct, Carlsbad, CA 92010, USA
| | - Edward N Harris
- University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Dept. of Biochemistry, 1901 Vine Street Lincoln NE 68588, USA
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Lee Y, Lee YS, Cho SY, Kwon HJ. Perspective of Peptide Vaccine Composed of Epitope Peptide, CpG-DNA, and Liposome Complex Without Carriers. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2015; 99:75-97. [PMID: 26067817 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2015.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The magnitude and specificity of cell-mediated and humoral immunity are critically determined by peptide sequences; peptides corresponding to the B- or T-cell receptor epitopes are sufficient to induce an effective immune response if delivered properly. Therefore, studies on the screening and application of peptide-based epitopes have been done extensively for the development of therapeutic antibodies and prophylactic vaccines. However, the efficacy of immune response and antibody production by peptide-based immunization is too limited for human application at the present. To improve the efficacy of vaccines, researchers formulated adjuvants such as alum, water-in-oil emulsion, and Toll-like receptor agonists. They also employed liposomes as delivering vehicles to stimulate immune responses. Here, we review our recent studies providing a potent method of epitope screening and antibody production without conventional carriers. We adopted Lipoplex(O), comprising a natural phosphodiester bond CpG-DNA and a specific liposome complex, as an adjuvant. Lipoplex(O) induces potent stimulatory activity in humans as well as in mice, and immunization of mice with several peptides along with Lipoplex(O) without general carriers induces significant production of each peptide-specific IgG2a. Immunization of peptide vaccines against virus-associated antigens in mice has protective effects against the viral infection. A peptide vaccine against carcinoma-associated antigen and the peptide-specific monoclonal antibody has functional effects against cancer cells in mouse models. In conclusion, we improved the efficacy of peptide vaccines in mice. Our strategy can be applied in development of therapeutic antibodies or in defense against pandemic infectious diseases through rapid screening of potent B-cell epitopes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Younghee Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Young Seek Lee
- Division of Molecular and Life Sciences, College of Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan, South Korea
| | - Soo Young Cho
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology and Genomics, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science BK21, Program for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyung-Joo Kwon
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea; Center for Medical Science Research, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea.
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Kim DH, Moon C, Oh SS, Park S, Jeong JW, Kim S, Lee HG, Kwon HJ, Kim KD. Liposome-encapsulated CpG enhances antitumor activity accompanying the changing of lymphocyte populations in tumor via intratumoral administration. Nucleic Acid Ther 2015; 25:95-102. [PMID: 25692533 DOI: 10.1089/nat.2014.0509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Although oligodeoxynucleotides containing CpG motifs (CpG-ODN) are potent immune stimulators, the use of natural CpG-ODN--phosphodiester-backbone CpG--has been limited due to its instability by nuclease in vivo. The aim of this study is to investigate the anticancer efficiency of CpG-ODN capsulated using liposome, which enhances the stability of CpG-ODN. We formulated lipoplex, encapsulated natural CpG-ODN from Mycobacterium bovis with liposome, and tested its immune stimulatory activity in vitro and in vivo. The lipoplex induced a systemic innate immune response in vivo and stimulated dendritic cells, but not macrophages, to stimulate proinflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-6 in vitro. As expected, the lipoplex effectively mediated the prolonged cancer-therapeutic activity against B16 melanoma, which was dependent on natural killer and CD8(+) T cells. The therapeutic activity was observed after only intratumoral administration of lipoplex among several treatment routes. Intratumoral treatment of lipoplex significantly increased the populations of natural killer and CD8(+) T cells and reduced regulatory CD4(+) T cell recruitment, which was correlated with expression profiles of chemokines (CCL1, CCL3, CXCL1, CXCL10, and CCL22). The antitumor therapeutic effect of lipoplex was dependent on the altered lymphocyte population that might be developed by the profile of intratumoral chemokine expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Hyeok Kim
- 1 Division of Applied Life Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University , Jinju, Republic of Korea
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24
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Mitsudome Y, Takahama M, Hirose J, Yoshida N. The use of nano-sized acicular material, sliding friction, and antisense DNA oligonucleotides to silence bacterial genes. AMB Express 2014; 4:70. [PMID: 25401071 PMCID: PMC4230895 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-014-0070-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2014] [Accepted: 08/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Viable bacterial cells impaled with a single particle of a nano-sized acicular material formed when a mixture containing the cells and the material was exposed to a sliding friction field between polystyrene and agar gel; hereafter, we refer to these impaled cells as penetrons. We have used nano-sized acicular material to establish a novel method for bacterial transformation. Here, we generated penetrons that carried antisense DNA adsorbed on nano-sized acicular material (α-sepiolite) by providing sliding friction onto the surface of agar gel; we then investigated whether penetron formation was applicable to gene silencing techniques. Antisense DNA was artificially synthesized as 15 or 90mer DNA oligonucleotides based on the sequences around the translation start codon of target mRNAs. Mixtures of bacterial cells with antisense DNA adsorbed on α-sepiolite were stimulated by sliding friction on the surface of agar gel for 60 s. Upon formation of Escherichia coli penetrons, β-lactamase and β-galactosidase expression was evaluated by counting the numbers of colonies formed on LB agar containing ampicillin and by measuring β-galactosidase activity respectively. The numbers of ampicillin resistant colonies and the β-galactosidase activity derived from penetrons bearing antisense DNA (90mer) was repressed to 15% and 25%, respectively, of that of control penetrons which lacked antisense DNA. Biphenyl metabolite, ring cleavage yellow compound produced by Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes penetron treated with antisense oligonucleotide DNA targeted to bphD increased higher than that lacking antisense DNA. This result indicated that expression of bphD in P. pseudoalcaligenes penetrons was repressed by antisense DNA that targeted bphD mRNA. Sporulation rates of Bacillus subtilis penetrons treated with antisense DNA (15mer) targeted to spo0A decreased to 24.4% relative to penetrons lacking antisense DNA. This novel method of gene silencing has substantial promise for elucidation of gene function in bacterial species that have been refractory to experimental introduction of exogenous DNA.
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Hiramatsu Y, Satho T, Hyakutake M, Irie K, Mishima K, Miake F, Kashige N. The anti-inflammatory effects of a high-frequency oligodeoxynucleotide from the genomic DNA of Lactobacillus casei. Int Immunopharmacol 2014; 23:139-47. [PMID: 25193776 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2014.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Revised: 08/08/2014] [Accepted: 08/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Genomic DNA has been identified as an anti-inflammatory component of Lactobacillus species, the effects of which are mediated through toll-like receptor (TLR) 9. In this study, we identified 14 novel anti-inflammatory oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) from the genomic DNA of Lactobacillus casei by measuring their effects on the secretion of interleukin (IL)-8 (CXCL8) in the human epithelial colorectal adenocarcinoma cell line Caco-2 cells. The ODN TTTTGCCG strongly decreased IL-8 secretion. In the genomic DNA of Lactobacillus species, the frequency of TTTTGCCG was highest in the genomic DNA of L. casei and similar among strains of L. casei. Decreases in inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 expressions in macrophage-like differentiated THP-1 cells confirmed the anti-inflammatory effect of TTTTGCCG. Furthermore, oral administration of TTTTGCCG ameliorated dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced murine colitis and DSS-induced increased expression of inflammatory factor mRNAs, such as macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-2 (CXCL2), iNOS, and COX-2. The anti-inflammatory effect of TTTTGCCG was mainly regulated by an increase in heat shock protein (Hsp) 70 expression in the epithelium. TLR9 and Hsp90 may primarily mediate the anti-inflammatory effect of TTTTGCCG on Hsp70 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukihiro Hiramatsu
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, 8-19-1, Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
| | - Tomomitsu Satho
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, 8-19-1, Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan.
| | - Mika Hyakutake
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, 8-19-1, Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
| | - Keiichi Irie
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, 8-19-1, Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
| | - Kenichi Mishima
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, 8-19-1, Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
| | - Fumio Miake
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, 8-19-1, Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Kashige
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, 8-19-1, Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
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Zhang Y, Lin A, Zhang C, Tian Z, Zhang J. Phosphorothioate-modified CpG oligodeoxynucleotide (CpG ODN) induces apoptosis of human hepatocellular carcinoma cells independent of TLR9. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2014; 63:357-67. [PMID: 24452201 PMCID: PMC11029435 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-014-1518-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2012] [Accepted: 01/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) expressed on cancer cells are closely associated with tumor development. In this study, we investigated the biological functions of the TLR9 ligand, CpG oligodeoxynucleotide (CpG ODN), on TLR9 expressed in the cytoplasm of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells. In vitro, human HCC cell lines were transfected with phosphorothioate-modified oligodeoxynucleotides TLR9 agonist OND M362 and its negative control ODN M362 ctrl, which inhibited the proliferation of HCC cells by inducing apoptosis without altering the cell cycle. Interestingly, ODN M362 and ODN M362 Ctrl displayed a similar proapoptotic effect on HCC, possibly related to phosphorothioate modification of the structure of CpG ODN. Although both of them resulted in the upregulation of the TLR9 receptor, their effect on HCC apoptosis was independent of TLR9. They also upregulated inflammatory cytokines, but did not activate the NF-κB signaling pathway. Finally, the activities of ODN M362 and ODN M362 Ctrl were demonstrated in nude mice inoculated with HCC cells. These findings suggest that the phosphorothioate-modified TLR9 agonist ODN M362, and its control, elicit antitumor activity in HCC cells and may serve as a novel therapeutic target for HCC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyi Zhang
- Institute of Immunopharmacology and Immunotherapy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 Wenhua West Road, Jinan, 250012 China
| | - Ang Lin
- Institute of Immunopharmacology and Immunotherapy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 Wenhua West Road, Jinan, 250012 China
| | - Cai Zhang
- Institute of Immunopharmacology and Immunotherapy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 Wenhua West Road, Jinan, 250012 China
| | - Zhigang Tian
- Institute of Immunopharmacology and Immunotherapy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 Wenhua West Road, Jinan, 250012 China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Institute of Immunopharmacology and Immunotherapy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 Wenhua West Road, Jinan, 250012 China
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Herbáth M, Szekeres Z, Kövesdi D, Papp K, Erdei A, Prechl J. Coadministration of antigen-conjugated and free CpG: effects of in vitro and in vivo interactions in a murine model. Immunol Lett 2014; 160:178-85. [PMID: 24565977 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2014.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2014] [Revised: 02/11/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG) are widely studied as promising adjuvants in vaccines against a range of diseases including infection, cancer or allergy. Conjugating antigen to CpG has been shown to potentiate the adjuvant effect via enhancing antigen uptake and danger signaling by the very same cell. In the present study, using biotinylated CpG and streptavidin as a model system, we demonstrate that CpG motif containing free and antigen-conjugated oligonucleotides do not compete in terms of cell activation via TLR9, but do compete for cellular uptake. Antigen-conjugated CpG enhances cellular association and uptake of the antigen by antigen-presenting cells (APC) and T cells. Free CpG efficiently competes with antigen-CpG conjugates in BMDC and T cells, but shows weak or no competition in B cells that have higher TLR9 expression. Vaccination with antigen-conjugated CpG or with a mixture of antigen and CpG elevates the level of antigen-specific antibodies but co-administration of CpG-antigen conjugates and free CpG adversely effects immunogenicity. These observations may help optimize CpG-based vaccine formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melinda Herbáth
- Department of Immunology, Eötvös Loránd University, 1/C Pázmány Péter sétány, Budapest 1117, Hungary.
| | - Zsuzsanna Szekeres
- MTA-ELTE Immunology Research Group, 1/C Pázmány Péter sétány, Budapest 1117, Hungary
| | - Dorottya Kövesdi
- Department of Immunology, Eötvös Loránd University, 1/C Pázmány Péter sétány, Budapest 1117, Hungary
| | - Krisztián Papp
- MTA-ELTE Immunology Research Group, 1/C Pázmány Péter sétány, Budapest 1117, Hungary
| | - Anna Erdei
- Department of Immunology, Eötvös Loránd University, 1/C Pázmány Péter sétány, Budapest 1117, Hungary; MTA-ELTE Immunology Research Group, 1/C Pázmány Péter sétány, Budapest 1117, Hungary
| | - József Prechl
- MTA-ELTE Immunology Research Group, 1/C Pázmány Péter sétány, Budapest 1117, Hungary
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Costa JA, Leal-Pinto E, Henderson SC, Zabel T, Hawkins ME, Hanss B. Use of a Pteridine Moiety to Track DNA Uptake in Cells. Pteridines 2014; 23:81-89. [PMID: 24465092 DOI: 10.1515/pteridines.2012.23.1.81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluorescence labeled oligonucleotides have a long history of being used to monitor nucleic acid transport and uptake. However, it is not known if the fluorescent moiety itself physically limits the number of pathways that can be used by the cell due to steric, hydrophobic, or other chemical characteristics. Here, we report a method for comparing the uptake kinetics of oligonucleotides labeled either with the fluorescent pteridine, 3-methyl-8-(2-deoxy-β-D-ribofuranosyl) isoxanthopterin (3MI), or the common fluorophore 5-carboxyfluorescein (5-FAM). We use a multiphoton microscopic technique to monitor nucleic acid uptake LLC-PK1, a pig renal tubular cell line that is known to have multiple uptake pathways. We find that the two fluorophores enter the cells at different rates, suggesting that choice of fluorescent moiety influences the uptake pathway used by a cell. Finally, we reconstituted an LLC-PK1 membrane channel that is selective for nucleic acids in planar lipid bilayers, and tested the ability of the labeled nucleic acids to permeate the channel. We find that 3MI, and not 5-FAM labeled oligonucleotides can traverse the plasma membrane through the channel. These results have implications for future studies aimed at delivering pteridine moieties to cells and for tracking nucleic acid transport into tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin A Costa
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Mt. Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Edgar Leal-Pinto
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center, Richmond, VA
| | - Scott C Henderson
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center, Richmond, VA
| | | | - Mary E Hawkins
- Laboratory of Receptor Biology and Gene Expression, NCI/NIH, Bethesda, MD
| | - Basil Hanss
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Mt. Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY
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Flagellin a toll-like receptor 5 agonist as an adjuvant in chicken vaccines. CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY : CVI 2014; 21:261-70. [PMID: 24451328 DOI: 10.1128/cvi.00669-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Chicken raised under commercial conditions are vulnerable to environmental exposure to a number of pathogens. Therefore, regular vaccination of the flock is an absolute requirement to prevent the occurrence of infectious diseases. To combat infectious diseases, vaccines require inclusion of effective adjuvants that promote enhanced protection and do not cause any undesired adverse reaction when administered to birds along with the vaccine. With this perspective in mind, there is an increased need for effective better vaccine adjuvants. Efforts are being made to enhance vaccine efficacy by the use of suitable adjuvants, particularly Toll-like receptor (TLR)-based adjuvants. TLRs are among the types of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that recognize conserved pathogen molecules. A number of studies have documented the effectiveness of flagellin as an adjuvant as well as its ability to promote cytokine production by a range of innate immune cells. This minireview summarizes our current understanding of flagellin action, its role in inducing cytokine response in chicken cells, and the potential use of flagellin as well as its combination with other TLR ligands as an adjuvant in chicken vaccines.
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30
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Wilson KD, Tam YK. Lipid-based delivery of CpG oligodeoxynucleotides for cancer immunotherapy. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2014; 2:181-93. [DOI: 10.1586/17512433.2.2.181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Tarhini AA, Kirkwood JM, Krieg AM. Early development of the Toll-like receptor 9 agonist, PF-3512676, for the treatment of patients with advanced cancers. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2013; 4:587-603. [PMID: 23485088 DOI: 10.1517/17460440902824784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Unmethylated oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) with cytosine-phosphate-guanine (CpG) motifs can potently activate the immune system through Toll-like receptor (TLR) 9. PF-3512676 is a synthetic CpG ODN that induces strong Th1-type immune responses through TLR9 and is now in clinical development. OBJECTIVE To review discovery and development of synthetic CpG ODNs and their effects on immune cells and to relate preclinical and early clinical development of PF-3512676. METHODS A literature search was performed on databases available through the National Library of Medicine (PubMed), the European Society of Medical Oncology and the American Society of Clinical Oncology. RESULTS/CONCLUSIONS Unmethylated CpG motifs were identified as the element of bacillus Calmette-Guérin responsible for immunostimulatory activity. Preclinical studies identified the mechanism of action (i.e., TLR9) and an optimal human sequence for antitumor activity. On the basis of preclinical studies, PF-3512676, a B-class CpG ODN, was selected for further clinical development. Phase I/II clinical trials have shown PF-3512676 to be well tolerated and to have antitumor activity as a single agent in patients with several types of advanced cancer, and to show promise as a vaccine adjuvant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad A Tarhini
- Assistant Professor of Medicine University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, UPMC Cancer Pavilion, 5150 Centre Avenue, RM 555 Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA +1 412 648 6507 ; +1 412 648 6579 ;
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Jeske S, Pries R, Wollenberg B. CpG-Induced IFN-α production of plasmacytoid dendritic cells: time and dosage dependence and the effect of structural modifications to the CpG backbone. Nucleic Acid Ther 2013; 23:118-24. [PMID: 23414178 DOI: 10.1089/nat.2012.0384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) represent a highly specialized immune cell subset and are considered to be the main sentinels against viral infections and play an important role in the development of immune tolerance. pDCs are able to recognize cytosine-phosphate-guanosine (CpG) motifs within microbial DNA, which are unmethylated CG dinucleotides in a certain sequence context and trigger the secretion of interferon (IFN)-α and other proinflammatory cytokines. Here we used the typical class A CpG oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) 2216, the B-class ODN 2006, and the newly synthesized CpG ODN TM64 to explore the potency and kinetics of IFN-α stimulation of pDC. TM64 CpG ODN has a hexanucleotide sequence TCGTGT that leads to an increased cellular uptake and features a CpG nucleotide within the sequence that leads to a potent specific B-cell stimulation, thus characteristics similar to a class B CpG. Our data reveals that all CpGs act as both dosage- and time-dependent stimuli of IFN-α secretion. The relationship between concentration of the stimulant and the secreted amount of IFN-α is not linear and results in a plateau formation, with saturation kinetics. Alteration to the backbone can change duration and quantity of overall IFN-α secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Jeske
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Schleswig-Holstein Campus, Lübeck, Germany
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33
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Potential of Antisense Technology in the Treatment of Immunological Disorders. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/bf03259283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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A novel function of RNAs arising from the long terminal repeat of human endogenous retrovirus 9 in cell cycle arrest. J Virol 2012; 87:25-36. [PMID: 23097441 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01648-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The human genome contains approximately 50 copies of the replication-defective human endogenous retrovirus 9 (ERV-9) and thousands of copies of its solitary long term repeat (sLTR) element. While some sLTRs are located upstream of critical genes and have enhancer activity, other sLTRs are located within introns and may be transcribed as RNAs. We found that intronic RNAs arising from U3 sLTRs of ERV-9 were expressed as both sense (S) and antisense (AS) transcripts in all human cells tested but that expression levels differed in malignant versus nonmalignant cells. In nonmalignant cells, AS was expressed at higher levels than S and at higher levels than in malignant cells; in malignant cells, AS was expressed at amounts equivalent to those of S RNA. Critically, U3 AS RNA was found to physically bind to key transcription factors for cellular proliferation, including NF-Y, p53, and sp1, indicating that such RNA transcripts may function as decoy targets or traps for NF-Y and thus inhibit the growth of human cancer cells. Indeed, short U3 oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) based on these RNA sequences ably inhibited proliferation of cancer cell lines driven by cyclins B1/B2, the gene targets of NF-Y.
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35
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Shargh VH, Jaafari MR, Khamesipour A, Jaafari I, Jalali SA, Abbasi A, Badiee A. Liposomal SLA co-incorporated with PO CpG ODNs or PS CpG ODNs induce the same protection against the murine model of leishmaniasis. Vaccine 2012; 30:3957-64. [PMID: 22465747 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2012.03.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2011] [Revised: 02/16/2012] [Accepted: 03/16/2012] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
First generation Leishmania vaccines consisting of whole killed parasites with or without adjuvants have reached phase 3 trial and failed to show enough efficacy mainly due to the lack of an appropriate adjuvant. In this study, the nuclease-resistant phosphorothioate CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (PS CpG) or nuclease-sensitive phosphodiester CpG ODNs (PO CpG) were used as adjuvants to enhance immunogenicity and rate of protection against leishmaniasis. Due to the susceptibility of PO CpG to nuclease degradation, an efficient liposomal delivery system was developed to protect them from degradation. 1, 2-dioleoyl-3-trimethylammonium-propane (DOTAP) as a cationic lipid was used because of its unique adjuvanticity and electrostatic interaction with negatively charged CpG ODNs. To evaluate the role of liposomal formulation in protection rate and enhanced immune response, BALB/c mice were immunized subcutaneously with liposomal soluble Leishmania antigens (SLA) co-incorporated with PO CpG (Lip-SLA-PO CpG), Lip-SLA-PS CpG, SLA+PO CpG, SLA+PS CpG, SLA or buffer. As criteria for protection, footpad swelling at the site of challenge, parasite loads, the levels of IFN-γ and IL-4, and the IgG subtypes were evaluated. The groups of mice receiving Lip-SLA-PO CpG or Lip-SLA-PS CpG showed a high protection rate compared with the control groups. In addition, there was no significant difference in immune response generation between mice immunized with PS CpG and the group receiving PO CpG when incorporated into the liposomes. The results suggested that liposomal form of PO CpG might be used instead of PS CpG in future vaccine formulations as an efficient adjuvant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahid Heravi Shargh
- Nanotechnology Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Muñoz-Alarcón A, Guterstam P, Romero C, Behlke MA, Lennox KA, Wengel J, EL Andaloussi S, Langel Ü. Modulating Anti-MicroRNA-21 Activity and Specificity Using Oligonucleotide Derivatives and Length Optimization. ISRN PHARMACEUTICS 2012; 2012:407154. [PMID: 22474606 PMCID: PMC3302052 DOI: 10.5402/2012/407154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2011] [Accepted: 10/17/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs are short, endogenous RNAs that direct posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression vital for many developmental and cellular functions. Implicated in the pathogenesis of several human diseases, this group of RNAs provides interesting targets for therapeutic intervention. Anti-microRNA oligonucleotides constitute a class of synthetic antisense oligonucleotides used to interfere with microRNAs. In this study, we investigate the effects of chemical modifications and truncations on activity and specificity of anti-microRNA oligonucleotides targeting microRNA-21. We observed an increased activity but reduced specificity when incorporating locked nucleic acid monomers, whereas the opposite was observed when introducing unlocked nucleic acid monomers. Our data suggest that phosphorothioate anti-microRNA oligonucleotides yield a greater activity than their phosphodiester counterparts and that a moderate truncation of the anti-microRNA oligonucleotide improves specificity without significantly losing activity. These results provide useful insights for design of anti-microRNA oligonucleotides to achieve both high activity as well as efficient mismatch discrimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Muñoz-Alarcón
- Department of Neurochemistry, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 21A, 106 92 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter Guterstam
- GE Healthcare Bio-Sciences, Björkgatan 30, 751 84 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Cristian Romero
- Department of Neurochemistry, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 21A, 106 92 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mark A. Behlke
- Integrated DNA Technologies, 1710 Commercial Park, Coralville, IA 52241, USA
| | - Kim A. Lennox
- Integrated DNA Technologies, 1710 Commercial Park, Coralville, IA 52241, USA
| | - Jesper Wengel
- Nucleic Acid Center, Department of Physics and Chemistry, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Samir EL Andaloussi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Hälsovägen 7, 141 86 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Ülo Langel
- Department of Neurochemistry, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 21A, 106 92 Stockholm, Sweden
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37
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Kim D, Kwon HJ, Lee Y. Activation of Toll-like receptor 9 and production of epitope specific antibody by liposome-encapsulated CpG-DNA. BMB Rep 2012; 44:607-12. [PMID: 21944255 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2011.44.9.607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Several investigators have shown that CpG-DNA has outstanding effects as a Th1-responsive adjuvant and that its potent adjuvant effects are enhanced by encapsulation with a liposome of proper composition. In this study, we showed that encapsulation with phosphatidyl-Β-oleoyl-γ-palmitoyl ethanolamine (DOPE): cholesterol hemisuccinate (CHEMS) complex enhances the immunostimulatory activity of CpG DNA and the binding of CpG-DNA to TLR9. We also examined involvement of myeloid differentiation protein (MyD88) and NF-κB activation in liposome-encapsulated CpG-DNA-induced IL-8 promoter activation. In this manuscript, the natural phosphodiester bond CpG-DNA encapsulated by DOPE : CHEMS complex is designated as Lipoplex(O). Importantly, we successfully screened B cell epitopes of envelope protein (E protein) of hepatitis C virus (HCV-E) and attachment glycoprotein G of human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV-G) by immunization with complexes of several peptides and Lipoplex(O) without carriers. Therefore, Lipoplex(O) is potentially applicable as a universal adjuvant for peptide-based epitope screening and antibody production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongbum Kim
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 200-702, Korea
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Thapa B, Kim YH, Kwon HJ, Kim DS. Novel regulatory mechanism and functional implication of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) expression in CpG-ODN-stimulated macrophages. Mol Immunol 2011; 49:572-81. [PMID: 22078208 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2011.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2011] [Revised: 10/08/2011] [Accepted: 10/11/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages are activated by recognizing bacterial DNA and CpG-oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG-ODNs) through Toll-like receptor-9 (TLR-9). Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) has been shown to be an important factor in inflammation-induced macrophage migration which is essential for defense functions. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the molecular mechanism associated with the regulation of PAI-1 expression and its biological significance in CpG-ODN-stimulated mouse macrophages. Our results clearly show that PAI-1 expression in macrophages was highly up-regulated by CpG-ODN-stimulation in vitro and in vivo. The TLR-9-mediated stimulation of PAI-1 expression was independent of the NF-κB pathway and involved the synergistic activation of Sp1 and Elk-1 by the MEK1/2-ERK and JNK signaling pathways. The elevated PAI-1 expression resulted in significantly enhanced transmigration of RAW264.7 cells through vitronectin but not through fibronectin. We suggest that CpG-ODN plays a role in regulating macrophage migration by stimulating the expression of PAI-1, and the migration is modulated depending on the microenvironmental extracellular matrix components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bikash Thapa
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, 134 Sinchon-Dong, Seodaemun-Gu, 120-749 Seoul, Republic of Korea
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39
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Torres AG, Fabani MM, Vigorito E, Williams D, Al-Obaidi N, Wojciechowski F, Hudson RHE, Seitz O, Gait MJ. Chemical structure requirements and cellular targeting of microRNA-122 by peptide nucleic acids anti-miRs. Nucleic Acids Res 2011; 40:2152-67. [PMID: 22070883 PMCID: PMC3300011 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkr885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Anti-miRs are oligonucleotide inhibitors complementary to miRNAs that have been used extensively as tools to gain understanding of specific miRNA functions and as potential therapeutics. We showed previously that peptide nucleic acid (PNA) anti-miRs containing a few attached Lys residues were potent miRNA inhibitors. Using miR-122 as an example, we report here the PNA sequence and attached amino acid requirements for efficient miRNA targeting and show that anti-miR activity is enhanced substantially by the presence of a terminal-free thiol group, such as a Cys residue, primarily due to better cellular uptake. We show that anti-miR activity of a Cys-containing PNA is achieved by cell uptake through both clathrin-dependent and independent routes. With the aid of two PNA analogues having intrinsic fluorescence, thiazole orange (TO)-PNA and [bis-o-(aminoethoxy)phenyl]pyrrolocytosine (BoPhpC)-PNA, we explored the subcellular localization of PNA anti-miRs and our data suggest that anti-miR targeting of miR-122 may take place in or associated with endosomal compartments. Our findings are valuable for further design of PNAs and other oligonucleotides as potent anti-miR agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian G Torres
- Medical Research Council, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
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40
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Kim D, Jung J, Lee Y, Kwon HJ. Novel immunostimulatory phosphodiester oligodeoxynucleotides with CpT sequences instead of CpG motifs. Mol Immunol 2011; 48:1494-504. [PMID: 21529949 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2011.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2010] [Revised: 04/06/2011] [Accepted: 04/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The innate immune system recognizes bacterial DNA as a nonself to induce rapid immune activation. TLR9 recognizes synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) and bacterial DNA containing unmethylated CpG dinucleotides in the context of specific base sequences (CpG-DNA). Here, we demonstrate that phosphorothioate backbone CT-ODN (PS-CT-ODN), a derivative of phosphorothioate backbone CpG-DNA (PS-ODN) with CT sequences substituted for the CG sequences, stimulates IL-8 promoter activation and gene expression. Furthermore, we identified an immunostimulatory phosphodiester bond CT-ODN (PO-CT-ODN) from Staphylococcus aureus chromosomal DNA and found that the PO-CT-ODN induces cytokine production in a TLR9-dependent manner when encapsulated with a proper liposome. Our experimental analyses also demonstrate that the immunostimulatory PO-CT-ODN can act as an adjuvant for the induction of Ag-driven IgG production. Further investigation of the functional role of PO-CT-ODN may support the future application of PO-CT-ODN in immunotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongbum Kim
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Gangwon-do 200-702, Republic of Korea
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41
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Avci-Adali M, Metzger M, Perle N, Ziemer G, Wendel HP. Pitfalls of cell-systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX): existing dead cells during in vitro selection anticipate the enrichment of specific aptamers. Oligonucleotides 2010; 20:317-23. [PMID: 21133818 DOI: 10.1089/oli.2010.0253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Aptamers represent auspicious ligands for recognition of target molecules on the surface of a specific cell population, such as stem or cancer cells. These ligands are able to capture and enrich desired cells from a cell mixture, and can be used for identification of new biomarkers, development of cell-specific therapeutics, and stem cell therapy. In this study, we investigated the influence of dead cells on single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) binding and established a method to eliminate dead cells from a cell suspension. Flow cytometry analyses demonstrated that all dead cells were stained with fluorescein-labeled ssDNA molecules. The increasing of the proportion of dead cells led to an increased number of cells that were positive for ssDNA staining. Using dead cell removal microbeads, the proportion of dead cells was significantly reduced. The studies demonstrated that dead cells lead to unspecific uptake/binding of ssDNA molecules during cell-Systematic Evolution of Ligands by Exponential enrichment (SELEX) and can cause failure of the selection process. Thus, the elimination of dead cell population before incubation with ssDNA molecules will reduce the loss of target binding sequences and the contamination of the enriched aptamer pool with unspecific ssDNA molecules caused by unspecific binding to dead cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meltem Avci-Adali
- Clinical Research Laboratory, Department of Congenital and Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, University Children's Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
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42
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Wilson HL, Dar A, Napper SK, Marianela Lopez A, Babiuk LA, Mutwiri GK. Immune Mechanisms and Therapeutic Potential of CpG Oligodeoxynucleotides. Int Rev Immunol 2009; 25:183-213. [PMID: 16818371 DOI: 10.1080/08830180600785868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Unmethylated CpG motifs in bacterial DNA and synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides activate immune cells that express Toll-like Receptor 9. Activation through this receptor triggers cellular signaling that leads to production of a proinflammatory and a Th1-type, antigen-specific immune response. The immunostimulatory effects of CpG oligodeoxynucleotides confer protection against infectious disease, allergy and cancer in animal models, and clinical trials have been initiated. However, CpG oligodeoxynucleotides may exacerbate disease in some situations. We will review current concepts in the mechanisms of activating Toll-like Receptor 9 with CpG oligodeoxynucleotides and highlight opportunities for using large animal models to better determine the mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather L Wilson
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
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43
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Wilson KD, de Jong SD, Tam YK. Lipid-based delivery of CpG oligonucleotides enhances immunotherapeutic efficacy. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2009; 61:233-42. [PMID: 19232375 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2008.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2008] [Accepted: 12/15/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
There has been significant interest in the potential of cytosine-guanine (CpG) containing oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN) as an immunotherapy for malignant, infectious and allergic diseases. While human trials have yielded promising results, clinical use of free CpG ODN still faces several challenges which limit their effectiveness. These include suboptimal in vivo stability, toxicity, unfavorable pharmacokinetic/biodistribution characteristics, lack of specificity for target cells and the requirement for intracellular uptake. To overcome these challenges, optimized lipid-based delivery systems have been developed to protect the CpG ODN payload, modify their circulation/distribution so as to enhance immune cell targeting and facilitate intracellular uptake. Ultimately, lipid-mediated delivery has the capacity to increase the immunopotency of CpG ODN and enhance their prophylactic or therapeutic efficacy in a range of diseases. Lipid-encapsulation provides a feasible strategy to optimize the immunostimulatory activity and immunotherapeutic efficacy of CpG ODN, thereby allowing their full clinical potential to be realized.
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44
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Sung HH, Yang CW, Lin YH, Chang PT. The effect of two CpG oligodeoxynucleotides with different sequences on haemocytic immune responses of giant freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2009; 26:256-263. [PMID: 19095066 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2008.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2008] [Revised: 11/21/2008] [Accepted: 11/22/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
A previous study has demonstrated that the intrahaemocytic phenoloxidase (PO) activity of the prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii was enhanced by CpG oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) 2006, but not by os-ODN13. The study described herein determined the binding characteristics of the two ODNs to haemocytes. Treating haemocytes with FAM-ODN or FAM-ODN plus different concentrations of the same ODN revealed that both ODNs specifically bound to haemocytes. Results from haemocytes treated with FAM-ODN2006 plus ROX-os-ODN13 in a competitive assay indicated that about 91% of haemocytes were simultaneously bound by the two ODNs and that the remaining haemocytes were only bound by ODN2006; moreover, ODN2006 binding to haemocytes was stronger than that of os-ODN13. To clarify the interactive effect of the two ODNs on haemocytic function, mRNA levels of haemocytic genes from single or double ODN-injected prawns were determined by semi-quantitative RT-PCR. The expression of either the prophenoloxidase (proPO) or peroxinectin (pon) genes was elevated by ODN2006 but reduced by os-ODN13; furthermore, ODN2006-increased proPO expression was abated following treatment with os-ODN13. In comparison with ODN-injected prawns alone, the NF-kappaB inhibitor PDTC reduced the proPO mRNA levels induced by ODN2006, but it elevated proPO expression inhibited by os-ODN13. These results support the notion that os-ODN13 may be able to neutralise or negate the enhancing effect of ODN2006 on proPO expression via the NF-kappaB signalling pathway as well as an unknown signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Hung Sung
- Department of Microbiology, Soochow University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
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45
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Sdiqui N, Arar K, Midoux P, Mayer R, Monsigny M, Roche AC. Inhibition of Human Mammary Cell Line Proliferation by Membrane Lectin-Mediated Uptake of Ha-rasAntisense Oligodeoxynucleotide. Drug Deliv 2008. [DOI: 10.3109/10717549509031353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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46
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Christopher ME, Wong JP. Broad-spectrum drugs against viral agents. Int J Mol Sci 2008; 9:1561-1594. [PMID: 19325820 PMCID: PMC2635754 DOI: 10.3390/ijms9091561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2008] [Revised: 08/21/2008] [Accepted: 08/29/2008] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Development of antivirals has focused primarily on vaccines and on treatments for specific viral agents. Although effective, these approaches may be limited in situations where the etiologic agent is unknown or when the target virus has undergone mutation, recombination or reassortment. Augmentation of the innate immune response may be an effective alternative for disease amelioration. Nonspecific, broad-spectrum immune responses can be induced by double-stranded (ds)RNAs such as poly (ICLC), or oligonucleotides (ODNs) containing unmethylated deocycytidyl-deoxyguanosinyl (CpG) motifs. These may offer protection against various bacterial and viral pathogens regardless of their genetic makeup, zoonotic origin or drug resistance.
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47
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In vivo efficacy of a phosphodiester TLR-9 aptamer and its beneficial effect in a pulmonary anthrax infection model. Cell Immunol 2008; 251:78-85. [PMID: 18495099 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2008.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2008] [Revised: 04/02/2008] [Accepted: 04/04/2008] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Immunostimulatory oligonucleotide (ISS-ODN) used as adjuvants are commonly modified with phosphorothioate (PS). The PS backbone prevents nuclease degradation, but confers undesired side effects, including systemic cytokine release. Previously, R10-60, a phosphodiester (PO) ISS-ODN, was structurally optimized as an intracellular Toll-like receptor-9 agonist. Here intravenous, intradermal and intranasal administration of PO R10-60 elicit local or adaptive immune responses with minimal systemic effects compared to a prototypic PS ISS-ODN in mice. Furthermore, prophylactic intranasal administration of PO R10-60 significantly delayed death in mice exposed to respiratory anthrax comparable to the PS ISS-ODN. The pattern of cytokine release suggested that early IL-1beta production might contribute to this protective effect, which was replicated with recombinant IL-1beta injections during infection. Hence, the transient effects from a PO TLR-9 agonist may be beneficial for protection in a bacterial bioterrorism attack, by delaying the onset of systemic infection without the induction of a cytokine syndrome.
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48
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Fraser GL, Wahlestedt C. Section Review: Biologicals & Immunologicals: Applications of antisense technology to both basic and clinical research. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2008. [DOI: 10.1517/13543784.4.7.637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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49
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Kirk Field A, Goodchild J. Section Review: Biologicals & Immunologicals: Antisense oligonucleotides: Rational drug design for genetic pharmacology. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2008. [DOI: 10.1517/13543784.4.9.799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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50
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Jurk M, Vollmer J. Therapeutic applications of synthetic CpG oligodeoxynucleotides as TLR9 agonists for immune modulation. BioDrugs 2008; 21:387-401. [PMID: 18020622 DOI: 10.2165/00063030-200721060-00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Vertebrate toll-like receptors (TLRs) sense invading pathogens by recognizing bacterial and viral structures and, as a result, activate innate and adaptive immune responses. Ten human functional TLRs have been reported so far; three of these (TLR7, 8, and 9) are expressed in intracellular compartments and respond to single-stranded nucleic acids as natural ligands. The pathogen structure selectively recognized by TLR9 in bacterial or viral DNA was identified to be CpG dinucleotides in specific sequence contexts (CpG motifs). Short phosphorothioate-stabilized oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) containing such motifs are used as synthetic TLR9 agonists, and different classes of ODN TLR9 agonists have been identified with distinct immune modulatory profiles. The TLR9-mediated activation of the vertebrate immune system suggests using such TLR9 agonists as effective vaccine adjuvants for infectious disease, and for the treatment of cancer and asthma/allergy. Immune activation by CpG ODNs has been demonstrated to be beneficial in animal models as a vaccine adjuvant and for the treatment of a variety of viral, bacterial, and parasitic diseases. Antitumor activity of CpG ODNs has also been established in numerous mouse models. In clinical vaccine trials in healthy human volunteers or in immunocompromised HIV-infected patients, CpG ODNs strongly enhanced vaccination efficiency. Most encouraging results in the treatment of cancers have come from human phase I and II clinical trials using CpG ODNs as a tumor vaccine adjuvant, monotherapy, or in combination with chemotherapy. Therefore, CpG ODNs represent targeted immune modulatory drugs with a broad range of potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Jurk
- Coley Pharmaceutical GmbH, Dusseldorf, Germany
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