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Mansor NI, Ling KH, Rosli R, Hassan Z, Adenan MI, Nordin N. Centella asiatica (L.) Urban. Attenuates Cell Damage in Hydrogen Peroxide-Induced Oxidative Stress in Transgenic Murine Embryonic Stem Cell Line-Derived Neural-Like Cells: A Preliminary Study for Potential Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 94:S21-S44. [PMID: 37334592 PMCID: PMC10473099 DOI: 10.3233/jad-221233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Centella asiatica (L.) (C. asiatica) is commonly known in South East and South East Asia communities for its nutritional and medicinal benefits. Besides being traditionally used to enhance memory and accelerate wound healing, its phytochemicals have been extensively documented for their neuroprotective, neuroregenerative, and antioxidant properties. OBJECTIVE The present study aims to investigate the effects of a standardized raw extract of C. asiatica (RECA) on hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced oxidative stress and apoptotic death in neural-like cells derived from mouse embryonic stem (ES) cell line. METHODS A transgenic mouse ES cell (46C) was differentiated into neural-like cells using 4-/4+ protocol with addition of all-trans retinoic acid. These cells were then exposed to H2O2 for 24 h. The effects of RECA on H2O2-induced neural-like cells were assessed through cell viability, apoptosis, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) assays, as well as neurite length measurement. The gene expression levels of neuronal-specific and antioxidant markers were assessed by RT-qPCR analysis. RESULTS Pre-treatment with H2O2 for 24 hours, in a dose-dependent manner, damaged neural-like cells as marked by a decrease in cell viability, substantial increase in intracellular ROS accumulation, and increase in apoptotic rate compared to untreated cells. These cells were used to treat with RECA. Treatment with RECA for 48 h remarkably restored cell survival and promoted neurite outgrowth in the H2O2- damaged neurons by increasing cell viability and decreasing ROS activity. RT-qPCR analysis revealed that RECA upregulated the level of antioxidant genes such as thioredoxin-1 (Trx-1) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) of treated cells, as well as the expression level of neuronal-specific markers such as Tuj1 and MAP2 genes, suggesting their contribution in neuritogenic effect. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that RECA promotes neuroregenerative effects and exhibits antioxidant properties, suggesting a valuable synergistic activity of its phytochemical constituents, thus, making the extract a promising candidate in preventing or treating oxidative stress-associated Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Izzati Mansor
- Medical Genetics Unit, Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Cheras Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - King-Hwa Ling
- Medical Genetics Unit, Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Malaysian Research Institute on Ageing (MyAgeing™), Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Genetics and Regenerative Medicine (ReGEN) Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Rozita Rosli
- Medical Genetics Unit, Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Genetics and Regenerative Medicine (ReGEN) Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- UPM-MAKNA Cancer Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Zurina Hassan
- Centre for Drug Research, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Ilham Adenan
- Atta-ur-Rahman Institute for Natural Product Discovery (AuRIns), Universiti Teknologi MARA, Puncak Alam Campus, Bandar PuncakAlam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Norshariza Nordin
- Medical Genetics Unit, Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Malaysian Research Institute on Ageing (MyAgeing™), Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Genetics and Regenerative Medicine (ReGEN) Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Emerging Evidence of the Significance of Thioredoxin-1 in Hematopoietic Stem Cell Aging. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11071291. [PMID: 35883782 PMCID: PMC9312246 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11071291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The United States is undergoing a demographic shift towards an older population with profound economic, social, and healthcare implications. The number of Americans aged 65 and older will reach 80 million by 2040. The shift will be even more dramatic in the extremes of age, with a projected 400% increase in the population over 85 years old in the next two decades. Understanding the molecular and cellular mechanisms of ageing is crucial to reduce ageing-associated disease and to improve the quality of life for the elderly. In this review, we summarized the changes associated with the ageing of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and what is known about some of the key underlying cellular and molecular pathways. We focus here on the effects of reactive oxygen species and the thioredoxin redox homeostasis system on ageing biology in HSCs and the HSC microenvironment. We present additional data from our lab demonstrating the key role of thioredoxin-1 in regulating HSC ageing.
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Fahham N, Zandi F, Ghahremani MH, Ostad SN, Vaziri B, Shahraeini SS, Sardari S. Unraveling Potential Candidate Targets Associated with Expression of
p16INK4a or p16 Truncated Fragment by Comparative Proteomics Analysis. CURR PROTEOMICS 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/1570164618666210728121529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
p16 is a tumor suppressor protein that is significantly involved in cycle
regulation through the reduction of cell progression from the G1 phase to the S phase via CDK-cyclin
D/p16INK4a/pRb/E2F cascade. The minimum functional domain of p16 has been uncovered that
may function comparable to wild type p16.
Objective:
To expand the knowledge on molecules and mechanisms by which p16 or p1666-156 fragment
suppresses human fibrosarcoma cell line growth, differential proteome profiles of fibrosarcoma
cells following p16 full length or the functional domain overexpression, were analyzed.
Methods:
Following transfecting HT-1080 fibrosarcoma cells with p16 full length, p1666-156 truncated
form, and pcDNA3.1 empty vector, protein extract of each sample was harvested and clarified
by centrifugation, and then the protein content was determined via Bradford assay. All protein extract
of each sample was analyzed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Immunoblot analysis
was performed as further validation of the expression status of identified proteins.
Results:
Expression of p16 or p1666-156 fragment could induce mostly the common alterations (up/-
down-regulation) of proteome profile of HT-1080 cells. Mass spectrometry identification of the differentially
expressed protein spots revealed several proteins that were grouped in functional clusters,
including cell cycle regulation and proliferation, cell migration and structure, oxidative stress,
protein metabolism, epigenetic regulation, and signal transduction.
Conclusion:
The minimum functional domain of p16 could act in the same way as p16 full length.
Also, these new findings can significantly enrich the understanding of p16 growth-suppressive
function at the molecular level by the introduction of potential candidate targets for new treatment
strategies. Furthermore, the present study provides strong evidence on the functional efficacy of
the identified fragment of p16 for further attempts toward peptidomimetic drug design or gene
transfer to block cancer cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najmeh Fahham
- Protein Chemistry and Proteomics Laboratory, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran,
Iran
| | - Fatemeh Zandi
- Protein Chemistry and Proteomics Laboratory, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran,
Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Ghahremani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences,
Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Nasser Ostad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences,
Tehran, Iran
| | - Behrouz Vaziri
- Protein Chemistry and Proteomics Laboratory, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran,
Iran
| | - Seyed Sadegh Shahraeini
- Drug Design and Bioinformatics Unit, Department of Medical Biotechnology, Biotechnology Research
Centre, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soroush Sardari
- Drug Design and Bioinformatics Unit, Department of Medical Biotechnology, Biotechnology Research
Centre, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
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Compensatory Protection of Thioredoxin-Deficient Cells from Etoposide-Induced Cell Death by Selenoprotein W via Interaction with 14-3-3. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910338. [PMID: 34638679 PMCID: PMC8508763 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Selenoprotein W (SELENOW) is a 9.6 kDa protein containing selenocysteine (Sec, U) in a conserved Cys-X-X-Sec (CXXU) motif. Previously, we reported that SELENOW regulates various cellular processes by interacting with 14-3-3β at the U of the CXXU motif. Thioredoxin (Trx) is a small protein that plays a key role in the cellular redox regulatory system. The CXXC motif of Trx is critical for redox regulation. Recently, an interaction between Trx1 and 14-3-3 has been predicted. However, the binding mechanism and its biological effects remain unknown. In this study, we found that Trx1 interacted with 14-3-3β at the Cys32 residue in the CXXC motif, and SELENOW and Trx1 were bound at Cys191 residue of 14-3-3β. In vitro binding assays showed that SELENOW and Trx1 competed for interaction with 14-3-3β. Compared to control cells, Trx1-deficient cells and SELENOW-deficient cells showed increased levels of both the subG1 population and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) cleavage by etoposide treatment. Moreover, Akt phosphorylation of Ser473 was reduced in Trx1-deficient cells and was recovered by overexpression of SELENOW. These results indicate that SELENOW can protect Trx1-deficient cells from etoposide-induced cell death through its interaction with 14-3-3β.
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Boubakri H, Chihaoui SA, Najjar E, Gargouri M, Barhoumi F, Jebara M. Genome-wide analysis and expression profiling of H-type Trx family in Phaseolus vulgaris revealed distinctive isoforms associated with symbiotic N 2-fixing performance and abiotic stress response. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 260:153410. [PMID: 33765508 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2021.153410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Thioredoxins (Trxs) are implicated in plant development and stress tolerance through redox regulation of target proteins. Trxs of Type h (Trxhs) constitute the largest and the most complicated cluster in the Trx family because of their unknown individual functions. Here, we identified and characterized the Phaseolus vulgaris Trxh family during development, mutualistic interactions and in response to abiotic stress. P. vulgaris (common bean) Trxh gene family (PvTrxh) encompasses 12 isoforms (PvTrxh1-h12), subdivided into 3 groups according to their amino acid sequence features. In silico RNA-seq -based expression analysis showed a differential expression of PvTrxh genes during development. RT-qPCR analysis of PvTrxh genes during nodule organogenesis revealed their highest expression in the nodule primordium (NP). Interestingly, in response to symbiosis, specific PvTrxh isoforms (PvTrxh3 and h5) were found to be highly upregulated compared to mock-inoculated plants. In addition, their expression patterns in the NP positively correlated with the symbiotic N2-fixing efficiency of the Rhizobium strain, as revealed by a number of symbiotic efficiency parameters (ARA, leghemoglobin content, biomass, and total soluble proteins), concomitantly with increased amounts of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). On the other hand, distinctive PvTrxh isoforms were found to be upregulated in plant leaves, where H2O2 amounts were elevated, in response to both salt and drought constraints. When exogenously applied, H2O2 upregulated specific PvTrxh isoforms in plant leaves and roots. These findings point to a specific, rather than redundant, function for Trxh proteins in common bean beside the association of distinctive Trxh isoforms with symbiosis and abiotic stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hatem Boubakri
- Laboratory of Legumes, Centre of Biotechnology of Borj-Cedria, BP 901, 2050, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia.
| | - Saif-Allah Chihaoui
- Laboratory of Legumes, Centre of Biotechnology of Borj-Cedria, BP 901, 2050, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
| | - Eya Najjar
- Laboratory of Legumes, Centre of Biotechnology of Borj-Cedria, BP 901, 2050, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
| | - Mahmoud Gargouri
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Centre of Biotechnology of Borj-Cedria, BP 901, 2050, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
| | - Fathi Barhoumi
- Laboratory of Legumes, Centre of Biotechnology of Borj-Cedria, BP 901, 2050, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
| | - Moez Jebara
- Laboratory of Legumes, Centre of Biotechnology of Borj-Cedria, BP 901, 2050, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
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Jaganjac M, Milkovic L, Sunjic SB, Zarkovic N. The NRF2, Thioredoxin, and Glutathione System in Tumorigenesis and Anticancer Therapies. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E1151. [PMID: 33228209 PMCID: PMC7699519 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9111151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer remains an elusive, highly complex disease and a global burden. Constant change by acquired mutations and metabolic reprogramming contribute to the high inter- and intratumor heterogeneity of malignant cells, their selective growth advantage, and their resistance to anticancer therapies. In the modern era of integrative biomedicine, realizing that a personalized approach could benefit therapy treatments and patients' prognosis, we should focus on cancer-driving advantageous modifications. Namely, reactive oxygen species (ROS), known to act as regulators of cellular metabolism and growth, exhibit both negative and positive activities, as do antioxidants with potential anticancer effects. Such complexity of oxidative homeostasis is sometimes overseen in the case of studies evaluating the effects of potential anticancer antioxidants. While cancer cells often produce more ROS due to their increased growth-favoring demands, numerous conventional anticancer therapies exploit this feature to ensure selective cancer cell death triggered by excessive ROS levels, also causing serious side effects. The activation of the cellular NRF2 (nuclear factor erythroid 2 like 2) pathway and induction of cytoprotective genes accompanies an increase in ROS levels. A plethora of specific targets, including those involved in thioredoxin (TRX) and glutathione (GSH) systems, are activated by NRF2. In this paper, we briefly review preclinical research findings on the interrelated roles of the NRF2 pathway and TRX and GSH systems, with focus given to clinical findings and their relevance in carcinogenesis and anticancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Neven Zarkovic
- Laboratory for Oxidative Stress, Division of Molecular Medicine, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Bijenicka 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.J.); (L.M.); (S.B.S.)
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MondoA:MLX complex regulates glucose-dependent gene expression and links to circadian rhythm in liver and brain of the freeze-tolerant wood frog, Rana sylvatica. Mol Cell Biochem 2020; 473:203-216. [PMID: 32638259 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-020-03820-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The wood frog, Rana sylvatica, is one of only a few vertebrate species that display natural freeze tolerance. Frogs survive the freezing of about two-thirds of their body water as extracellular ice over the winter months. Multiple adaptations support freeze tolerance including metabolic rate depression and the production of huge amounts of glucose (often 200 mM or more) as a cryoprotectant that protects cells from freeze damage. To understand how high glucose levels affect gene expression, we studied MondoA, a glucose sensing transcription factor, and its partner MLX (Max-like protein) to assess their ability to modulate the expression of genes involved in glucose metabolism and circadian rhythm. Wood frog liver and brain tissues were analyzed, assessing protein levels, nuclear distribution, and DNA binding activity of MondoA:MLX during freezing (24 h at - 2.5 °C) and subsequent thawing (8 h returned to 5 °C), as compared with 5 °C controls. Downstream targets of MondoA:MLX were also evaluated: TXNIP (thioredoxin interacting protein), ARRDC4 (arrestin domain containing 4), HK-2 (hexokinase-2), PFKFB-3 (6-phosphofructo-2-kinase isozyme 3) and KLF-10 (Kruppel-like factor-10). Both KLF-10 and PFKFB-3 are also involved in circadian dependant regulation which was also explored in the current study via analysis of BMAL-1 (aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator-like protein 1) and CLOCK (circadian locomotor output cycles kaput) proteins. Our data establish the MondoA-MLX complex as active under the hyperglycemic conditions in liver to regulate glucose metabolism and may also link to circadian rhythm in liver via KLF-10 and PFKFB-3 but not in brain.
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Kim MH, Leem YH. Neurogenic effect of exercise via the thioredoxin-1/ extracellular regulated kinase/β-catenin signaling pathway mediated by β2-adrenergic receptors in chronically stressed dentate gyrus. J Exerc Nutrition Biochem 2019; 23:13-21. [PMID: 31743979 PMCID: PMC6823649 DOI: 10.20463/jenb.2019.0018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Wu CW, Tessier SN, Storey KB. Stress-induced antioxidant defense and protein chaperone response in the freeze-tolerant wood frog Rana sylvatica. Cell Stress Chaperones 2018; 23:1205-1217. [PMID: 29951989 PMCID: PMC6237678 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-018-0926-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Freeze tolerance is an adaptive response utilized by the wood frog Rana sylvatica to endure the sub-zero temperatures of winter. Survival of whole body freezing requires wood frogs to trigger cryoprotective mechanisms to deal with potential injuries associated with conversion of 65-70% of total body water into ice, including multiple consequences of ice formation such as cessation of blood flow and cell dehydration caused by water loss into ice masses. To understand how wood frogs defend against these stressors, we measured the expression of proteins known to be involved in the antioxidant defense and protein chaperone stress responses in brain and heart of wood frogs comparing freezing, anoxia, and dehydration stress. Our results showed that most stress proteins were regulated in a tissue- and stress-specific manner. Notably, protein levels of the cytosolic superoxide dismutase (SOD1) were upregulated by 1.37 ± 0.11-fold in frozen brain, whereas the mitochondrial SOD2 isoform rose by 1.38 ± 0.37-fold in the heart during freezing. Catalase protein levels were upregulated by 3.01 ± 0.47-fold in the brain under anoxia stress, but remained unchanged in the heart. Similar context-specific regulatory patterns were also observed for the heat shock protein (Hsp) molecular chaperones. Hsp27 protein was down-regulated in the brain across the three stress conditions, whereas the mitochondrial Hsp60 was upregulated in anoxic brain by 1.73 ± 0.38-fold and by 2.13 ± 0.57-fold in the frozen heart. Overall, our study provides a snapshot of the regulatory expression of stress proteins in wood frogs under harsh environment conditions and shows that they are controlled in a tissue- and stress-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Wei Wu
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Dr., Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5B4, Canada
- Institute of Biochemistry and Department of Biology, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON, K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Shannon N Tessier
- Institute of Biochemistry and Department of Biology, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON, K1S 5B6, Canada
- BioMEMS Resource Center and Center for Engineering in Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 114 16th Street, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Kenneth B Storey
- Institute of Biochemistry and Department of Biology, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON, K1S 5B6, Canada.
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Zhong X, Li L, Wang M, Luo W, Tan Q, Xu F, Zhu W, Wang Q, Wang T, Hou M, Nadimity N, Xue X, Chen J, Ma W, Gao AC, Zhou Q. A proteomic approach to elucidate the multiple targets of selenium-induced cell-growth inhibition in human lung cancer. Thorac Cancer 2018; 2:164-178. [PMID: 27755845 DOI: 10.1111/j.1759-7714.2011.00066.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Methylseleninic acid (MSA) has been implicated as a promising anticancer agent for lung cancer. However, the underlying molecular mechanism(s) responsible for MSA's action is not well understood. Our study aimed to examine the cellular effects of MSA on L9981 human high-metastatic large cell lung cancer cells and gain insights into its possible molecular mechanism(s) through a proteomic approach. METHODS L9981 cells were exposed to MSA at different concentrations and time points. The effects of MSA on cell proliferation and apoptosis were detected by cell viability analyzer Vi-CELL and flow cytometric analysis, respectively. We analyzed the alterations in the proteome profile of L9981 cells induced by MSA using the 2-D difference in gel electrophoresis (2-D DIGE) and identified the differentially expressed proteins using a liquid chromatography system followed by tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). RESULTS We found that MSA inhibited cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner and significantly induced early apoptosis in L9981 cells. 2-D DIGE showed that MSA induced significant changes (>1.29 fold) in the expression levels of 42 protein spots compared to the untreated control (P < 0.05). As identified by LC-MS/MS, proteins that underwent changes in response to MSA were related to various biological functions, including: (i) endoplasmic reticulum stress (upregulation of molecular chaperones like heat shock protein A5, protein disulfide-isomerase precursor, and calreticulin precursor); (ii) oxidative stress response/ thioredoxin system (decreased thioredoxin-like protein 1 and increased thioredoxin reductase 1); (iii) translation regulation (downregulation of translation factors like elongation factor 1-beta and eukaryotic translation initiation factor 6); (iv) mitochondrial bioenergetic function (upregulation of adenosine triphosphate synthase subunit beta and mitochondria); and (v) cell signal transduction regulation (decreased peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase A and 14-3-3 protein gamma). The protein and gene expression levels of those proteins of interest were further confirmed by Western blot and/or real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that MSA may inhibit cell proliferation and induce apoptosis in lung cancer by modulating multiple targets involved in various crucial cellular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaorong Zhong
- The Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Molecular Biology in Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan, ChinaTianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenvironment, Tianjin Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, ChinaGraduate Program of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Cancer Center, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, California, USADepartment of Thoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, ChinaDepartment of Respiratory Medicine, the Second Hospital affiliated to Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Lu Li
- The Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Molecular Biology in Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan, ChinaTianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenvironment, Tianjin Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, ChinaGraduate Program of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Cancer Center, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, California, USADepartment of Thoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, ChinaDepartment of Respiratory Medicine, the Second Hospital affiliated to Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Min Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Molecular Biology in Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan, ChinaTianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenvironment, Tianjin Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, ChinaGraduate Program of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Cancer Center, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, California, USADepartment of Thoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, ChinaDepartment of Respiratory Medicine, the Second Hospital affiliated to Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Wei Luo
- The Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Molecular Biology in Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan, ChinaTianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenvironment, Tianjin Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, ChinaGraduate Program of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Cancer Center, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, California, USADepartment of Thoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, ChinaDepartment of Respiratory Medicine, the Second Hospital affiliated to Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Qingwei Tan
- The Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Molecular Biology in Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan, ChinaTianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenvironment, Tianjin Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, ChinaGraduate Program of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Cancer Center, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, California, USADepartment of Thoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, ChinaDepartment of Respiratory Medicine, the Second Hospital affiliated to Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Feng Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Molecular Biology in Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan, ChinaTianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenvironment, Tianjin Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, ChinaGraduate Program of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Cancer Center, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, California, USADepartment of Thoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, ChinaDepartment of Respiratory Medicine, the Second Hospital affiliated to Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Wen Zhu
- The Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Molecular Biology in Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan, ChinaTianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenvironment, Tianjin Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, ChinaGraduate Program of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Cancer Center, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, California, USADepartment of Thoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, ChinaDepartment of Respiratory Medicine, the Second Hospital affiliated to Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Qi Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Molecular Biology in Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan, ChinaTianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenvironment, Tianjin Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, ChinaGraduate Program of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Cancer Center, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, California, USADepartment of Thoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, ChinaDepartment of Respiratory Medicine, the Second Hospital affiliated to Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Ting Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Molecular Biology in Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan, ChinaTianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenvironment, Tianjin Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, ChinaGraduate Program of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Cancer Center, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, California, USADepartment of Thoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, ChinaDepartment of Respiratory Medicine, the Second Hospital affiliated to Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Mei Hou
- The Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Molecular Biology in Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan, ChinaTianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenvironment, Tianjin Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, ChinaGraduate Program of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Cancer Center, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, California, USADepartment of Thoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, ChinaDepartment of Respiratory Medicine, the Second Hospital affiliated to Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Nagalakshmi Nadimity
- The Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Molecular Biology in Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan, ChinaTianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenvironment, Tianjin Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, ChinaGraduate Program of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Cancer Center, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, California, USADepartment of Thoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, ChinaDepartment of Respiratory Medicine, the Second Hospital affiliated to Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xingyang Xue
- The Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Molecular Biology in Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan, ChinaTianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenvironment, Tianjin Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, ChinaGraduate Program of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Cancer Center, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, California, USADepartment of Thoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, ChinaDepartment of Respiratory Medicine, the Second Hospital affiliated to Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jun Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Molecular Biology in Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan, ChinaTianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenvironment, Tianjin Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, ChinaGraduate Program of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Cancer Center, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, California, USADepartment of Thoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, ChinaDepartment of Respiratory Medicine, the Second Hospital affiliated to Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Wei Ma
- The Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Molecular Biology in Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan, ChinaTianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenvironment, Tianjin Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, ChinaGraduate Program of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Cancer Center, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, California, USADepartment of Thoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, ChinaDepartment of Respiratory Medicine, the Second Hospital affiliated to Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Allen C Gao
- The Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Molecular Biology in Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan, ChinaTianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenvironment, Tianjin Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, ChinaGraduate Program of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Cancer Center, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, California, USADepartment of Thoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, ChinaDepartment of Respiratory Medicine, the Second Hospital affiliated to Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Qinghua Zhou
- The Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Molecular Biology in Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan, ChinaTianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenvironment, Tianjin Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, ChinaGraduate Program of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Cancer Center, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, California, USADepartment of Thoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, ChinaDepartment of Respiratory Medicine, the Second Hospital affiliated to Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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Calderón A, Ortiz-Espín A, Iglesias-Fernández R, Carbonero P, Pallardó FV, Sevilla F, Jiménez A. Thioredoxin (Trxo1) interacts with proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and its overexpression affects the growth of tobacco cell culture. Redox Biol 2017; 11:688-700. [PMID: 28183062 PMCID: PMC5299145 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2017.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Revised: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Thioredoxins (Trxs), key components of cellular redox regulation, act by controlling the redox status of many target proteins, and have been shown to play an essential role in cell survival and growth. The presence of a Trx system in the nucleus has received little attention in plants, and the nuclear targets of plant Trxs have not been conclusively identified. Thus, very little is known about the function of Trxs in this cellular compartment. Previously, we studied the intracellular localization of PsTrxo1 and confirmed its presence in mitochondria and, interestingly, in the nucleus under standard growth conditions. In investigating the nuclear function of PsTrxo1 we identified proliferating cellular nuclear antigen (PCNA) as a PsTrxo1 target by means of affinity chromatography techniques using purified nuclei from pea leaves. Such protein-protein interaction was corroborated by dot-blot and bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) assays, which showed that both proteins interact in the nucleus. Moreover, PsTrxo1 showed disulfide reductase activity on previously oxidized recombinant PCNA protein. In parallel, we studied the effects of PsTrxo1 overexpression on Tobacco Bright Yellow-2 (TBY-2) cell cultures. Microscopy and flow-cytometry analysis showed that PsTrxo1 overexpression increases the rate of cell proliferation in the transformed lines, with a higher percentage of the S phase of the cell cycle at the beginning of the cell culture (days 1 and 3) and at the G2/M phase after longer times of culture (day 9), coinciding with an upregulation of PCNA protein. Furthermore, in PsTrxo1 overexpressed cells there is a decrease in the total cellular glutathione content but maintained nuclear GSH accumulation, especially at the end of the culture, which is accompanied by a higher mitotic index, unlike non-overexpressing cells. These results suggest that Trxo1 is involved in the cell cycle progression of TBY-2 cultures, possibly through its link with cellular PCNA and glutathione.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aingeru Calderón
- Department of Stress Biology and Plant Pathology, CEBAS-CSIC, Campus Universitario de Espinardo, E-30100 Murcia, Spain.
| | - Ana Ortiz-Espín
- Department of Stress Biology and Plant Pathology, CEBAS-CSIC, Campus Universitario de Espinardo, E-30100 Murcia, Spain.
| | - Raquel Iglesias-Fernández
- Centre for Plant Biotechnology and Genomics (CBGP; UPM-INIA), Campus de Montegancedo, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Pozuelo de Alarcón, E-28223 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Pilar Carbonero
- Centre for Plant Biotechnology and Genomics (CBGP; UPM-INIA), Campus de Montegancedo, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Pozuelo de Alarcón, E-28223 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Federico Vicente Pallardó
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Av. Blasco Ibañez 15, E-46010 Valencia, Spain.
| | - Francisca Sevilla
- Department of Stress Biology and Plant Pathology, CEBAS-CSIC, Campus Universitario de Espinardo, E-30100 Murcia, Spain.
| | - Ana Jiménez
- Department of Stress Biology and Plant Pathology, CEBAS-CSIC, Campus Universitario de Espinardo, E-30100 Murcia, Spain.
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Thioredoxin and redox signaling: Roles of the thioredoxin system in control of cell fate. Arch Biochem Biophys 2017; 617:101-105. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2016.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Revised: 09/17/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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13
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Huang W, Nie W, Zhang W, Wang Y, Zhu A, Guan X. The expression status of TRX, AR, and cyclin D1 correlates with clinicopathological characteristics and ER status in breast cancer. Onco Targets Ther 2016; 9:4377-85. [PMID: 27499632 PMCID: PMC4959412 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s94703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The ER signaling pathway plays a critical role in breast cancer. ER signaling pathway-related proteins, such as TRX, AR, and cyclin D1, may have an important function in breast cancer. However, the ways that they influence breast cancer development and progression are still unclear. Patients and methods A total of 101 Chinese female patients diagnosed with invasive ductal breast adenocarcinoma were retrospectively enrolled in the study. The expression levels of TRX, AR, and cyclin D1 were detected by immunohistochemistry and analyzed via correlation with clinicopathological characteristics and the expression status of ER, PR, and HER2. Results The expression status of TRX, AR, and cyclin D1 was not associated with the patient’s age, menopausal status, tumor size, or histological differentiation (P>0.05), but was positively correlated with ER and PR (P<0.001, respectively). Most (66/76, 86.8) TRX-positive patients were also HER2-positive (P=0.003). Of AR- or cyclin D1-positive patients, most had relatively earlier I–II tumor stage (P=0.005 and P=0.047, respectively) and no metastatic lymph node involvement (P=0.008 and P=0.005, respectively). Conclusion TRX was found to be positively correlated with ER and PR expression, whereas it was negatively correlated with HER2 expression. In addition, we found that the positive expression of AR and cyclin D1 was correlated with lower TNM stage and fewer metastatic lymph nodes, and it was more common in ER-positive breast cancer than in the basal-like subtype. This may indicate that AR and cyclin D1 are good predictive and prognostic factors and closely interact with ER signaling pathway. Further studies will be necessary to investigate the response and clinical outcomes of treatment targeting TRX, AR, and cyclin D1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weisun Huang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiwei Nie
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenwen Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanru Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Aiyu Zhu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxiang Guan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China; Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
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Thioredoxin Protects Skin Flaps from Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury: A Novel Prognostic and Therapeutic Target. Plast Reconstr Surg 2016; 137:511-521. [PMID: 26818286 DOI: 10.1097/01.prs.0000475768.68654.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ischemia-reperfusion injury is inevitable during free-tissue transfer, causing oxidative damage and extensive apoptosis. Thioredoxin is an endogenous protein with antioxidant and antiapoptotic activity in a variety of tissues. This study aims to investigate the protective effects of human thioredoxin-1 on ischemia-reperfusion flaps, and its clinical application value. METHODS Sixteen clinical specimens of ischemia-reperfusion flaps were collected and assessed for apoptosis and thioredoxin-1 expression. Eighty mice were administered recombinant human thioredoxin-1 or saline intraperitoneally for 5 days before ischemia-reperfusion. Half of the mice were killed 24 hours after reperfusion. The flap tissues were harvested and detected for the changes of morphology, apoptosis, redox condition, and relative protein expression. The flap survival percentage of the remaining mice was consecutively observed within 7 days of reperfusion. RESULTS Thioredoxin-1 abundance was negatively correlated with ischemia-reperfusion-induced apoptosis in human samples and animal models. The survival rate of the ischemia-reperfusion flaps in mice increased significantly following recombinant human thioredoxin-1 pretreatment. Mitigated tissue damage, reduced apoptosis, and more antioxidant activity were observed in recombinant human thioredoxin-1-pretreated flaps. Western blot analysis revealed thioredoxin-1 depletion and a significant increase in apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1, p-p38, and cleaved caspase-3 abundance in the ischemia-reperfusion flaps, whereas supplementation of recombinant human thioredoxin-1 significantly reduced the apoptosis-related protein expression. CONCLUSIONS Thioredoxin-1 exerts its flap-protective role through redox regulation of reactive oxygen species scavenging and antiapoptotic signaling. The authors' research provides evidence that thioredoxin-1 may serve as a potential prognostic and therapeutic target for skin flap ischemia-reperfusion injury.
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Jia JJ, Zeng XS, Zhou XS, Li Y, Bai J. The induction of thioredoxin-1 by epinephrine withdraws stress via interaction with β-arrestin-1. Cell Cycle 2015; 13:3121-31. [PMID: 25486571 DOI: 10.4161/15384101.2014.949214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress regulates a panel of important physiological functions and disease states. Epinephrine is produced under stresses threaten to homeostasis. Thioredoxin-1(Trx-1) is a redox regulating protein which is induced to resist stresses and related with various diseases. Thus, it is important to examine whether Trx-1 is induced by epinephrine and to understand the underlying molecular mechanisms that Trx-1 modulates epinephrine stress. Here, we show that the expression of Trx-1 was induced by epinephrine via β-adrenergic receptor/Cyclic AMP/protein kinase A (PKA) signaling pathway in PC12 cells. The down-regulation of Trx-1 by siRNA aggravated accumulation of γ-H2AX and further decreased expression of p53 by epinephrine. Accordingly, Trx-1 overexpression alleviated accumulation of γ-H2AX and restored the expressions of p53 and C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) in the cortex, hippocampus and thymus of mice. Moreover, Trx-1 overexpression reduced the malondialdehyde concentration by epinephrine. We further explored the mechanism on p53 and γ-H2AX regulated by Trx-1. We found that overexpression of Trx-1 suppressed β-arrestin-1 expression through interaction with β-arrestin-1. Consequently, the downregulation of β-arrestin-1 suppressed the cell viability and the expressions of γ-H2AX and cyclin D1, and increased p53 expression. Taken together, our data suggest that Trx-1/β-arrestin-1 interaction may represent a novel endogenous mechanism on protecting against stress.
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Key Words
- ASK1, Apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1
- Abbreviations:
- CHOP
- CHOP, C/EBP homologous protein
- DNA damage
- GPCR, G protein-coupled receptors
- MAPK, Mitogen-activated protein kinase
- MDA, Malondialdehyde
- MDM2, Murine double minute 2
- PKA, Protein Kinase A
- TBP-2, Thioredoxin binding protein-2
- Thioredoxin-1
- Trx-1, Thioredoxin-1
- Txnip, thioredoxin interacting protein
- chronic epinephrine stress
- p53
- β-arrestin-1
- γ-H2AX, Phosphorylation of histone H2AX
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Jing Jia
- a College of Life Science and Technology ; Kunming University of Science and Technology ; Kunming , China
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16
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Thioredoxin-like protein 2b facilitates colon cancer cell proliferation and inhibits apoptosis via NF-κB pathway. Cancer Lett 2015; 363:119-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2014.12.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Revised: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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17
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Bestman JE, Huang LC, Lee-Osbourne J, Cheung P, Cline HT. An in vivo screen to identify candidate neurogenic genes in the developing Xenopus visual system. Dev Biol 2015; 408:269-91. [PMID: 25818835 PMCID: PMC4584193 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2015.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2014] [Revised: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Neurogenesis in the brain of Xenopus laevis continues throughout larval stages of development. We developed a 2-tier screen to identify candidate genes controlling neurogenesis in Xenopus optic tectum in vivo. First, microarray and NanoString analyses were used to identify candidate genes that were differentially expressed in Sox2-expressing neural progenitor cells or their neuronal progeny. Then an in vivo, time-lapse imaging-based screen was used to test whether morpholinos against 34 candidate genes altered neural progenitor cell proliferation or neuronal differentiation over 3 days in the optic tectum of intact Xenopus tadpoles. We co-electroporated antisense morpholino oligonucleotides against each of the candidate genes with a plasmid that drives GFP expression in Sox2-expressing neural progenitor cells and quantified the effects of morpholinos on neurogenesis. Of the 34 morpholinos tested, 24 altered neural progenitor cell proliferation or neuronal differentiation. The candidates which were tagged as differentially expressed and validated by the in vivo imaging screen include: actn1, arl9, eif3a, elk4, ephb1, fmr1-a, fxr1-1, fbxw7, fgf2, gstp1, hat1, hspa5, lsm6, mecp2, mmp9, and prkaca. Several of these candidates, including fgf2 and elk4, have known or proposed neurogenic functions, thereby validating our strategy to identify candidates. Genes with no previously demonstrated neurogenic functions, gstp1, hspa5 and lsm6, were identified from the morpholino experiments, suggesting that our screen successfully revealed unknown candidates. Genes that are associated with human disease, such as such as mecp2 and fmr1-a, were identified by our screen, providing the groundwork for using Xenopus as an experimental system to probe conserved disease mechanisms. Together the data identify candidate neurogenic regulatory genes and demonstrate that Xenopus is an effective experimental animal to identify and characterize genes that regulate neural progenitor cell proliferation and differentiation in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer E Bestman
- Drug Discovery & Biomedical Sciences, The Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, United States
| | - Lin-Chien Huang
- The Dorris Neuroscience Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States
| | - Jane Lee-Osbourne
- University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, United States
| | - Phillip Cheung
- Dart Neuroscience, LLC, San Diego, CA 92064, United States
| | - Hollis T Cline
- The Dorris Neuroscience Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States.
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Li J, Chai QY, Zhang Y, Li BX, Wang J, Qiu XB, Liu CH. Mycobacterium tuberculosis Mce3E suppresses host innate immune responses by targeting ERK1/2 signaling. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 194:3756-67. [PMID: 25780035 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1402679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Crucial to the pathogenesis of the tuberculosis (TB)-causing pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis is its ability to subvert host immune defenses to promote its intracellular survival. The mammalian cell entry protein 3E (Mce3E), located in the region of difference 15 of the M. tuberculosis genome and absent in Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin, has an essential role in facilitating the internalization of mammalian cells by mycobacteria. However, relatively little is known about the role of Mce3E in modulation of host innate immune responses. In this study, we demonstrate that Mce3E inhibits the activation of the ERK1/2 signaling pathway, leading to the suppression of Tnf and Il6 expression, and the promotion of mycobacterial survival within macrophages. Mce3E interacts and colocalizes with ERK1/2 at the endoplasmic reticulum in a DEF motif (an ERK-docking motif)-dependent manner, relocates ERK1/2 from cytoplasm to the endoplasmic reticulum, and finally reduces the association of ERK1/2 with MEK1 and blocks the nuclear translocation of phospho-ERK1/2. A DEF motif mutant form of Mce3E (F294A) loses its ability to suppress Tnf and Il6 expression and to promote intracellular survival of mycobacteria. Inhibition of the ERK1/2 pathway in macrophages using U0126, a specific inhibitor of the ERK pathway, also leads to the suppressed Tnf and Il6 expression and the enhanced intracellular survival of mycobacteria. Taken together, these results suggest that M. tuberculosis Mce3E exploits the ERK1/2 signaling pathway to suppress host innate immune responses, providing a potential Mce3E-ERK1/2 interface-based drug target against M. tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; and
| | - Qi-Yao Chai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; and
| | - Yong Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; and
| | - Bing-Xi Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; and
| | - Jing Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; and
| | - Xiao-Bo Qiu
- Department of Cell Biology, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Cui Hua Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; and
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Shuai S, Yan X, Zhang J, Kang S, Chen F, Luo R, Li A. TIP30 nuclear translocation negatively regulates EGF-dependent cyclin D1 transcription in human lung adenocarcinoma. Cancer Lett 2014; 354:200-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2014.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2014] [Revised: 08/02/2014] [Accepted: 08/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Abstract
Thioredoxin-1 (Trx1) is an antioxidant enzyme with a protective role in the removal of oxidative stress. We investigated the mechanism by which the redox modulator Trx1 affects base excision repair (BER) activity to understand the protective role of Trx1. We constructed a Trx1 knockdown system to demonstrate the specific mechanism of Trx1 shRNA cells compared with that in the wild type cells, leading to increased cellular susceptibility to a sublethal dose of BER-inducible toxicant, nitrosomethylurea (NMU). In addition, we observed a modulatory role of Trx1 in the BER pathway via the p53 downstream gene, growth arrest, and DNA-damage-inducible protein 45 α (Gadd45a). The protein level and function of p53, a Trx1 downstream gene, coincidently decreased in the Trx1 shRNA cells. Futhermore, Trx1 shRNA cells showed decreased Gadd45a expression and interaction of Gadd45a with apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 (APE1) as well as APE activity. In conclusion, Trx1 might cooperate in the control of APE1 function by modulating the p53-mediated BER via the protein-protein interaction between Gadd45a and APE1, providing insight into the novel role of redox factor Trx1 in modulation of BER.
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Cunniff B, Snider GW, Fredette N, Stumpff J, Hondal RJ, Heintz NH. Resolution of oxidative stress by thioredoxin reductase: Cysteine versus selenocysteine. Redox Biol 2014; 2:475-84. [PMID: 24624337 PMCID: PMC3949094 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2014.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2013] [Revised: 01/30/2014] [Accepted: 01/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Thioredoxin reductase (TR) catalyzes the reduction of thioredoxin (TRX), which in turn reduces mammalian typical 2-Cys peroxiredoxins (PRXs 1-4), thiol peroxidases implicated in redox homeostasis and cell signaling. Typical 2-Cys PRXs are inactivated by hyperoxidation of the peroxidatic cysteine to cysteine-sulfinic acid, and regenerated in a two-step process involving retro-reduction by sulfiredoxin (SRX) and reduction by TRX. Here transient exposure to menadione and glucose oxidase was used to examine the dynamics of oxidative inactivation and reactivation of PRXs in mouse C10 cells expressing various isoforms of TR, including wild type cytoplasmic TR1 (Sec-TR1) and mitochondrial TR2 (Sec-TR2) that encode selenocysteine, as well as mutants of TR1 and TR2 in which the selenocysteine codon was changed to encode cysteine (Cys-TR1 or Cys-TR2). In C10 cells endogenous TR activity was insensitive to levels of hydrogen peroxide that hyperoxidize PRXs. Expression of Sec-TR1 increased TR activity, reduced the basal cytoplasmic redox state, and increased the rate of reduction of a redox-responsive cytoplasmic GFP probe (roGFP), but did not influence either the rate of inactivation or the rate of retro-reduction of PRXs. In comparison to roGFP, which was reduced within minutes once oxidants were removed reduction of 2-Cys PRXs occurred over many hours. Expression of wild type Sec-TR1 or Sec-TR2, but not Cys-TR1 or TR2, increased the rate of reduction of PRXs and improved cell survival after menadione exposure. These results indicate that expression levels of TR do not reduce the severity of initial oxidative insults, but rather govern the rate of reduction of cellular factors required for cell viability. Because Sec-TR is completely insensitive to cytotoxic levels of hydrogen peroxide, we suggest TR functions at the top of a redox pyramid that governs the oxidation state of peroxiredoxins and other protein factors, thereby dictating a hierarchy of phenotypic responses to oxidative insults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Cunniff
- Department of Pathology, University of Vermont College of Medicine, 149 Beaumont Avenue, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
- Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - Gregg W. Snider
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - Nicholas Fredette
- Department of Pathology, University of Vermont College of Medicine, 149 Beaumont Avenue, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - Jason Stumpff
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
- Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - Robert J. Hondal
- Department of Pathology, University of Vermont College of Medicine, 149 Beaumont Avenue, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - Nicholas H. Heintz
- Department of Pathology, University of Vermont College of Medicine, 149 Beaumont Avenue, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
- Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
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Yoshihara E, Masaki S, Matsuo Y, Chen Z, Tian H, Yodoi J. Thioredoxin/Txnip: redoxisome, as a redox switch for the pathogenesis of diseases. Front Immunol 2014; 4:514. [PMID: 24409188 PMCID: PMC3885921 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2013.00514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 246] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2013] [Accepted: 12/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
During the past few decades, it has been widely recognized that Reduction-Oxidation (redox) responses occurring at the intra- and extra-cellular levels are one of most important biological phenomena and dysregulated redox responses are involved in the initiation and progression of multiple diseases. Thioredoxin1 (Trx1) and Thioredoxin2 (Trx2), mainly located in the cytoplasm and mitochondria, respectively, are ubiquitously expressed in variety of cells and control cellular reactive oxygen species by reducing the disulfides into thiol groups. Thioredoxin interacting protein (Txnip/thioredoxin binding protein-2/vitamin D3 upregulated protein) directly binds to Trx1 and Trx2 (Trx) and inhibit the reducing activity of Trx through their disulfide exchange. Recent studies have revealed that Trx1 and Txnip are involved in some critical redox-dependent signal pathways including NLRP-3 inflammasome activation in a redox-dependent manner. Therefore, Trx/Txnip, a redox-sensitive signaling complex is a regulator of cellular redox status and has emerged as a key component in the link between redox regulation and the pathogenesis of diseases. Here, we review the novel functional concept of the redox-related protein complex, named “Redoxisome,” consisting of Trx/Txnip, as a critical regulator for intra- and extra-cellular redox signaling, involved in the pathogenesis of various diseases such as cancer, autoimmune disease, and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiji Yoshihara
- Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University , Kyoto , Japan
| | - So Masaki
- Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University , Kyoto , Japan
| | | | - Zhe Chen
- Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University , Kyoto , Japan
| | - Hai Tian
- Advanced Chemical Technology Center in Kyoto (ACT Kyoto), JBPA Research Institute , Kyoto , Japan ; Redox Bio Science Inc. , Kyoto , Japan
| | - Junji Yodoi
- Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University , Kyoto , Japan ; Advanced Chemical Technology Center in Kyoto (ACT Kyoto), JBPA Research Institute , Kyoto , Japan ; Redox Bio Science Inc. , Kyoto , Japan
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Hanschmann EM, Godoy JR, Berndt C, Hudemann C, Lillig CH. Thioredoxins, glutaredoxins, and peroxiredoxins--molecular mechanisms and health significance: from cofactors to antioxidants to redox signaling. Antioxid Redox Signal 2013; 19:1539-605. [PMID: 23397885 PMCID: PMC3797455 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2012.4599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 493] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2012] [Revised: 02/01/2013] [Accepted: 02/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Thioredoxins (Trxs), glutaredoxins (Grxs), and peroxiredoxins (Prxs) have been characterized as electron donors, guards of the intracellular redox state, and "antioxidants". Today, these redox catalysts are increasingly recognized for their specific role in redox signaling. The number of publications published on the functions of these proteins continues to increase exponentially. The field is experiencing an exciting transformation, from looking at a general redox homeostasis and the pathological oxidative stress model to realizing redox changes as a part of localized, rapid, specific, and reversible redox-regulated signaling events. This review summarizes the almost 50 years of research on these proteins, focusing primarily on data from vertebrates and mammals. The role of Trx fold proteins in redox signaling is discussed by looking at reaction mechanisms, reversible oxidative post-translational modifications of proteins, and characterized interaction partners. On the basis of this analysis, the specific regulatory functions are exemplified for the cellular processes of apoptosis, proliferation, and iron metabolism. The importance of Trxs, Grxs, and Prxs for human health is addressed in the second part of this review, that is, their potential impact and functions in different cell types, tissues, and various pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva-Maria Hanschmann
- Institute for Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University Medicine, Ernst-Moritz Arndt University, Greifswald, Germany
| | - José Rodrigo Godoy
- Institute of Physiology, Pathophysiology and Biophysics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Carsten Berndt
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Christoph Hudemann
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Molecular Diagnostics, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Christopher Horst Lillig
- Institute for Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University Medicine, Ernst-Moritz Arndt University, Greifswald, Germany
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24
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Hou P, Zhao L, Li Y, Luo F, Wang S, Song J, Bai J. Comparative expression of thioredoxin-1 in uterine leiomyomas and myometrium. Mol Hum Reprod 2013; 20:148-54. [DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gat069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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Mahmood DFD, Abderrazak A, El Hadri K, Simmet T, Rouis M. The thioredoxin system as a therapeutic target in human health and disease. Antioxid Redox Signal 2013; 19:1266-303. [PMID: 23244617 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2012.4757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 227] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The thioredoxin (Trx) system comprises Trx, truncated Trx (Trx-80), Trx reductase, and NADPH, besides a natural Trx inhibitor, the thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP). This system is essential for maintaining the balance of the cellular redox status, and it is involved in the regulation of redox signaling. It is also pivotal for growth promotion, neuroprotection, inflammatory modulation, antiapoptosis, immune function, and atherosclerosis. As an ubiquitous and multifunctional protein, Trx is expressed in all forms of life, executing its function through its antioxidative, protein-reducing, and signal-transducing activities. In this review, the biological properties of the Trx system are highlighted, and its implications in several human diseases are discussed, including cardiovascular diseases, heart failure, stroke, inflammation, metabolic syndrome, neurodegenerative diseases, arthritis, and cancer. The last chapter addresses the emerging therapeutic approaches targeting the Trx system in human diseases.
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26
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Yoo MH, Carlson BA, Gladyshev VN, Hatfield DL. Abrogated thioredoxin system causes increased sensitivity to TNF-α-induced apoptosis via enrichment of p-ERK 1/2 in the nucleus. PLoS One 2013; 8:e71427. [PMID: 24039713 PMCID: PMC3765418 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0071427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2013] [Accepted: 06/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Thioredoxin (Trx) and thioredoxin reductase 1 (TR1) are among the major redox regulators in mammalian cells and have a wide variety of roles, including removal of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and prevention of cell death. Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) induces cancer cell death. Although ROS have been proposed to participate in this process, the role of the thioredoxin system in TNF-α stimulated cell death remains unclear. We investigated the possibility that the thioredoxin system protects against TNF-α-induced cancer cell death by examining whether TR1/Trx1 status controls TNF-α-induced apoptosis in EMT6 murine breast cancer cells. TR1-deficient cells were more sensitive to TNF-α than control cells. Increased sensitivity to TNF-α was most pronounced in Trx1-deficient cells. TNF-α-induced nuclear localization of phosphorylated ERK 1/2 (p-ERK 1/2) correlated with increased apoptosis in TR1- and Trx1-deficient cells, suggesting a pro-apoptotic role for nuclear p-ERK 1/2 in TNF-α-induced apoptosis. In addition, phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibition dramatically reduced TNF-α-stimulated apoptosis and nuclear localization of p-ERK 1/2. In contrast, inhibition of ROS, MEK, JNK, or p38 did not significantly alter p-ERK 1/2 localization or apoptosis in TR1- and Trx1-deficient cells compared to control cells. Further, NF-κB p65 localization was not changed in TR1- and Trx1-deficient cells in response to TNF-α relative to control cells. Our data suggest that the thioredoxin system plays a critical role in protecting against TNF-α-induced apoptosis by regulating the levels of nuclear p-ERK 1/2 in a PI3K-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Hyuk Yoo
- Molecular Biology of Selenium Section, Laboratory of Cancer Prevention, Center for Cancer Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Bradley A. Carlson
- Molecular Biology of Selenium Section, Laboratory of Cancer Prevention, Center for Cancer Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Vadim N. Gladyshev
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Dolph L. Hatfield
- Molecular Biology of Selenium Section, Laboratory of Cancer Prevention, Center for Cancer Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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27
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Zeller E, Hammer K, Kirschnick M, Braeuning A. Mechanisms of RAS/β-catenin interactions. Arch Toxicol 2013; 87:611-32. [PMID: 23483189 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-013-1035-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2013] [Accepted: 02/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Signaling through the WNT/β-catenin and the RAS (rat sarcoma)/MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) pathways plays a key role in the regulation of various physiological cellular processes including proliferation, differentiation, and cell death. Aberrant mutational activation of these signaling pathways is closely linked to the development of cancer in many organs, in humans as well as in laboratory animals. Over the past years, more and more evidence for a close linkage of the two oncogenic signaling cascades has accumulated. Using different experimental approaches, model systems, and experimental conditions, a variety of molecular mechanisms have been identified by which signal transduction through WNT/β-catenin and RAS interact, either in a synergistic or an antagonistic manner. Mechanisms of interaction comprise an upstream crosstalk at the level of pathway-activating ligands and their receptors, interrelations of cytosolic kinases involved in either pathways, as well as interaction in the nucleus related to the joint regulation of target gene transcription. Here, we present a comprehensive review of the current knowledge on the interaction of RAS/MAPK- and WNT/β-catenin-driven signal transduction in mammalian cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Zeller
- Department of Toxicology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Tübingen, Germany
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28
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Wang Y, Liu M, Cao R, Zhang W, Yin M, Xiao X, Liu Q, Huang N. A Soluble Bis-Chelated Gold(I) Diphosphine Compound with Strong Anticancer Activity and Low Toxicity. J Med Chem 2013; 56:1455-66. [DOI: 10.1021/jm3009822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Wang
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, 7 Science Park Road,
Zhongguancun Life Science Park, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Minyu Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dong Chuan Road,
Shanghai 200240, China
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, 1111
Zhong Shan Bei Yi Road, Shanghai 200437, China
| | - Ran Cao
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, 7 Science Park Road,
Zhongguancun Life Science Park, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Wanbin Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dong Chuan Road,
Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Ming Yin
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dong Chuan Road,
Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xuhua Xiao
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, 1111
Zhong Shan Bei Yi Road, Shanghai 200437, China
| | - Quanhai Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, 1111
Zhong Shan Bei Yi Road, Shanghai 200437, China
| | - Niu Huang
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, 7 Science Park Road,
Zhongguancun Life Science Park, Beijing 102206, China
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Zhang J, Yan H, Löfgren S, Tian X, Lou MF. Ultraviolet radiation-induced cataract in mice: the effect of age and the potential biochemical mechanism. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2012; 53:7276-85. [PMID: 23010639 PMCID: PMC3478038 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.12-10482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2012] [Revised: 08/17/2012] [Accepted: 09/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To study the effect of age on the morphologic and biochemical alterations induced by in vivo exposure of ultraviolet radiation (UV). METHODS Young and old C57BL/6 mice were exposed to broadband UVB+UVA and euthanized after 2 days. Another batch of UV-exposed young mice was monitored for changes after 1, 2, 4, and 8 days. Age-matched nonexposed mice served as controls. Lens changes were documented in vivo by slit-lamp biomicroscopy and dark field microscopy photographs ex vivo. Lens homogenates were analyzed for glutathione (GSH) level, and the activities of thioredoxin (Trx), thioltransferase (TTase), and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (G3PD). Glutathionylated lens proteins (PSSGs) were detected by immunoblotting using GSH antibody. Western blot analysis was also done for the expression levels of TTase and Trx. RESULTS Both age groups developed epithelial and superficial anterior subcapsular cataract at 2 days postexposure. The lens GSH level and G3PD activity were decreased, and PSSGs were elevated in both age groups, but more prominent in the older mice. TTase and Trx activity and protein expression were elevated only in the young mice. Interestingly, lens TTase and Trx in the young mice showed a transient increase, peaking at 2 days after UV exposure and returning to baseline at day 8, corroborated by lens transparency. CONCLUSIONS The lenses of old mice were more susceptible to UV radiation-induced cataract. The upregulated TTase and Trx likely provided oxidation damage repair in the young mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- From the Department of Ophthalmology, Tangdu Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska; the
| | - Hong Yan
- From the Department of Ophthalmology, Tangdu Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Stefan Löfgren
- St. Erik's Eye Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; the
| | - Xiaoli Tian
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska; the
| | - Marjorie F. Lou
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska; the
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Ferreira NE, Omae S, Pereira A, Rodrigues MV, Miyakawa AA, Campos LC, Santos PC, Dallan LA, Martinez TL, Santos RD, Mill JG, Krieger JE, Pereira AC. Thioredoxin interacting protein genetic variation is associated with diabetes and hypertension in the Brazilian general population. Atherosclerosis 2012; 221:131-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2011.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2011] [Revised: 11/03/2011] [Accepted: 12/06/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Role of thioredoxin in lung disease. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2012; 25:154-62. [PMID: 22293327 DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2012.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2011] [Revised: 01/04/2012] [Accepted: 01/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Thioredoxin system is a ubiquitous thiol oxidoreductase system that regulates cellular reduction/oxidation (redox) status. It includes thioredoxin (Trx), thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), and NADPH. Trx plays an essential role in cell function by limiting oxidative stress directly via antioxidant effects and indirectly by proteins interaction with key signal transduction molecules. A variety of signaling molecules have been implicated in the cytoprotection conferred by Trx, such as autophagic proteins, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, nuclear factor-κB, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. Recent studies indicated that Trx may contribute to the pathogenesis of COPD, asthma and lung injury. Enhanced Trx expression or application of recombinant Trx afforded protection in preclinical models of pulmonary tissue injury, which suggested Trx may be used in future therapeutic applications. The focus of this review is on the significance of Trx in various pulmonary diseases, which as a potential therapeutic strategy to protect against oxidative stress and inflammation.
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Sartelet H, Rougemont AL, Fabre M, Castaing M, Duval M, Fetni R, Michiels S, Beaunoyer M, Vassal G. Activation of the phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase/AKT pathway in neuroblastoma and its regulation by thioredoxin 1. Hum Pathol 2011; 42:1727-39. [PMID: 21641013 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2011.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2010] [Revised: 01/21/2011] [Accepted: 01/28/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is a malignant pediatric tumor with poor survival. The phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase/AKT pathway is a crucial regulator of cellular processes including apoptosis. Thioredoxin 1, an inhibitor of tumor-suppressor phosphatase and tensin homolog, is overexpressed in many tumors. The objective of this study was to explore phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase/AKT pathway activation and regulation by thioredoxin 1 to identify potential therapeutic targets. Immunohistochemical analysis was done on tissue microarrays from tumor samples of 101 patients, using antibodies against phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase, AKT, activated AKT, phosphatase and tensin homolog, phosphorylated phosphatase and tensin homolog, thioredoxin 1, epidermal growth factor receptor, vascular endothelial growth factor and receptors (vascular endothelial growth factor 1 and vascular endothelial growth receptor 2), platelet-derived growth factor receptors, insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor, neurotrophic tyrosine kinase receptor type 2, phosphorylated 70-kd S6 protein kinase, 4E-binding protein 1, and phosphorylated mammalian target of rapamycin. Using 3 neuroblastoma cell lines, we investigated cell viability with AKT-specific inhibitors (LY294002, RAD001) and thioredoxin 1 alone or in combination. We found activated AKT and AKT expressed in 97% and 98%, respectively, of neuroblastomas, despite a high expression of phosphatase and tensin homolog correlated with thioredoxin 1. AKT expression was greater in metastatic than primary tumors. Insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor, tyrosine kinase receptor type 2, vascular endothelial growth receptor 1, and downstream phosphorylated 70-kd S6 protein kinase were correlated with activated AKT. LY294002 and RAD001 significantly reduced AKT activity and cell viability and induced a G(1) cell cycle arrest. Thioredoxin 1 decreased cytotoxicity of AKT inhibitors and doxorubicin, up-regulated AKT activation, and induced cell growth. Thus, vascular endothelial growth receptor 1, tyrosine kinase receptor type 2, insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor, and thioredoxin 1 emerged as preferentially committed to phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase/AKT pathway activation as observed in neuroblastoma. Thioredoxin 1 is a potential target for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hervé Sartelet
- UPRES EA3535, University of Paris South, Institut Gustave Roussy, 94805 Villejuif, France.
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Thioredoxin interacting protein (TXNIP) rs7212 polymorphism is associated with arterial stiffness in the Brazilian general population. J Hum Hypertens 2011; 26:340-2. [PMID: 22113441 DOI: 10.1038/jhh.2011.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Thioredoxin interacting protein plays a pivotal role in several important processes of cardiovascular homeostasis by functioning as a biological sensor for biomechanical and oxidative stress. However, the effects of genetic variants in the modulation of arterial stiffness are unknown. In this scenario, the present study evaluated the relationship between the TXNIP rs7212 polymorphism and arterial stiffness. In the overall sample and in the diabetic group, individuals carrying CG+GG genotypes had higher PWV values compared with CC genotype group (10.0 vs 9.8 m s (-1), P=0.03; 12.3 vs 11.2 m s(-1), P=0.01; respectively). Our findings indicated that the G allele may contribute to increased arterial stiffness in the Brazilian general population and suggest a possible interaction with diabetes.
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Masutani H, Yoshihara E, Masaki S, Chen Z, Yodoi J. Thioredoxin binding protein (TBP)-2/Txnip and α-arrestin proteins in cancer and diabetes mellitus. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2011; 50:23-34. [PMID: 22247597 PMCID: PMC3246179 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.11-36sr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2011] [Accepted: 05/05/2011] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Thioredoxin binding protein -2/ thioredoxin interacting protein is an α-arrestin protein that has attracted much attention as a multifunctional regulator. Thioredoxin binding protein -2 expression is downregulated in tumor cells and the level of thioredoxin binding protein is correlated with clinical stage of cancer. Mice with mutations or knockout of the thioredoxin binding protein -2 gene are much more susceptible to carcinogenesis than wild-type mice, indicating a role for thioredoxin binding protein -2 in cancer suppression. Studies have also revealed roles for thioredoxin binding protein -2 in metabolic control. Enhancement of thioredoxin binding protein -2 expression causes impairment of insulin sensitivity and glucose-induced insulin secretion, and β-cell apoptosis. These changes are important characteristics of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Thioredoxin binding protein -2 regulates transcription of metabolic regulating genes. Thioredoxin binding protein -2-like inducible membrane protein/ arrestin domain containing 3 regulates endocytosis of receptors such as the β(2)-adrenergic receptor. The α-arrestin family possesses PPXY motifs and may function as an adaptor/scaffold for NEDD family ubiquitin ligases. Elucidation of the molecular mechanisms of α-arrestin proteins would provide a new pharmacological basis for developing approaches against cancer and type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Masutani
- Institute for Virus Research, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, 53 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
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Nipp M, Elsner M, Balluff B, Meding S, Sarioglu H, Ueffing M, Rauser S, Unger K, Höfler H, Walch A, Zitzelsberger H. S100-A10, thioredoxin, and S100-A6 as biomarkers of papillary thyroid carcinoma with lymph node metastasis identified by MALDI imaging. J Mol Med (Berl) 2011; 90:163-74. [PMID: 21938494 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-011-0815-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2011] [Revised: 08/30/2011] [Accepted: 08/31/2011] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
In papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), metastasis is a feature of an aggressive tumor phenotype. To identify protein biomarkers that distinguish patients with an aggressive tumor behavior, proteomic signatures in metastatic and non-metastatic tumors were investigated comparatively. In particular, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) imaging mass spectrometry (IMS) was used to analyze primary tumor samples. We investigated a tumor cohort of PTC (n = 118) that were matched for age, tumor stage, and gender. Proteomic screening by MALDI-IMS was performed for a discovery set (n = 29). Proteins related to the discriminating mass peaks were identified by 1D-gel electrophoresis followed by mass spectrometry. The candidate proteins were subsequently validated by immunohistochemistry (IHC) using a tissue microarray for an independent PTC validation set (n = 89). In this study, we found 36 mass-to-charge-ratio (m/z) species that specifically distinguished metastatic from non-metastatic tumors, among which m/z 11,608 was identified as thioredoxin, m/z 11,184 as S100-A10, and m/z 10,094 as S100-A6. Furthermore, using IHC on the validation set, we showed that the overexpression of these three proteins was highly associated with lymph node metastasis in PTC (p < 0.005). For functional analysis of the metastasis-specific proteins, we performed an Ingenuity Pathway Analysis and discovered a strong relationship of all candidates with the TGF-β-dependent EMT pathway. Our results demonstrated the potential application of the MALDI-IMS proteomic approach in identifying protein markers of metastasis in PTC. The novel protein markers identified in this study may be used for risk stratification regarding metastatic potential in PTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Nipp
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Research Unit of Radiation Cytogenetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Ingolstaedter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
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Liu W, Zhu E, Wang R, Wang L, Gao L, Yang X, Liu T. Cyclin D1 gene polymorphism, A870G, is associated with an increased risk of salivary gland tumors in the Chinese population. Cancer Epidemiol 2011; 35:e12-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2010.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2010] [Revised: 11/11/2010] [Accepted: 11/16/2010] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Yoshihara E, Chen Z, Matsuo Y, Masutani H, Yodoi J. Thiol redox transitions by thioredoxin and thioredoxin-binding protein-2 in cell signaling. Methods Enzymol 2010; 474:67-82. [PMID: 20609905 DOI: 10.1016/s0076-6879(10)74005-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The cellular thiol redox state is a crucial mediator of metabolic, signaling and transcriptional processes in cells, and an exquisite balance between the oxidizing and reducing states is essential for the normal function and survival of cells. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are widely known to function as a kind of second messenger for intracellular signaling and to modulate the thiol redox state. Thiol reduction is mainly controlled by the thioredoxin (TRX) system and glutathione (GSH) systems as scavengers of ROS and regulators of the protein redox states. The thioredoxin system is composed of several related molecules interacting through the cysteine residues at the active site, including thioredoxin, thioredoxin-2, a mitochondrial thioredoxin family, and transmembrane thioredoxin-related protein (TMX), an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-specific thioredoxin family. Thioredoxin couples with thioredoxin-dependent peroxidases (peroxiredoxin) to scavenge hydrogen peroxide. In addition, thioredoxin does not simply act only as a scavenger of ROS but also as an important regulator of oxidative stress response through protein-protein interaction. The interaction of thioredoxin and thioredoxin-binding proteins such as thioredoxin-binding protein-2 (TBP-2, also called as Txnip or VDUP1), apoptosis signal kinase (ASK-1), redox factor 1 (Ref-1), Forkhead box class O 4 (FoxO4), and nod-like receptor proteins (NLRPs) suggested unconventional functions of thioredoxin and a novel mechanism of redox regulation. Here, we introduce the central mechanism of thiol redox transition in cell signaling regulated by thioredoxin and related molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiji Yoshihara
- Department of Biological Responses, Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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38
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Young JJ, Patel A, Rai P. Suppression of thioredoxin-1 induces premature senescence in normal human fibroblasts. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2010; 392:363-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2010.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2009] [Accepted: 01/08/2010] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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