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Kassab A, Khalij Y, Ayed Y, Dar-Odeh N, Kokandi AA, Denguezli M, Youssef M. Serum Inflammatory and Oxidative Stress Markers in Patients with Vitiligo. J Clin Med 2023; 12:5861. [PMID: 37762802 PMCID: PMC10532328 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12185861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitiligo is a common chronic hypomelanotic skin disorder. An intricate pool of markers associated with a complex combination of biological and environmental factors is thought to be implicated in etiology. This study aims to investigate the most important markers associated with vitiligo pathogenesis, including redox status, inflammation, and immune profile, in patients with vitiligo. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study included a total of 96 subjects: 30 patients with active non-segmental vitiligo, 30 patients with stable non-segmental vitiligo, and 36 controls. The vitiligo area severity index (VASI) and vitiligo disease activity score (VIDA) were determined. The following serum parameters were assessed: antioxidant status (TAS), superoxide dismutase activity (SOD), catalase activity (CAT), glutathione peroxidase activity (GPx), glutathione-S-transferase activity (GST), malondialdehyde (MDA), advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), C reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-15 (IL-15), and chemokines (CXCL9, CXCL10). RESULTS The VASI score was not significantly different between active and stable vitiligo patients, as it was approximately 0.1. TAS, CAT, GPx, and GST were significantly lower in vitiligo patients compared to controls (p < 0.05). They were also significantly lower in active vitiligo when compared to stable vitiligo (p < 0.05). However, SOD levels were significantly higher in vitiligo patients than in controls and in the active vitiligo group than in the stable vitiligo group (p < 0.05). MDA and AOPP levels were significantly higher in patients with active and stable vitiligo compared to controls (p < 0.05). However, they did not significantly differ between active and stable vitiligo patients (p < 0.05). In both active and stable vitiligo, CRP and IL-15 were significantly higher than controls (p < 0.05). Whereas CRP was significantly higher in active (range = 2.0-7.2, mean = 4.46 ± 1.09) than in stable vitiligo (range = 1.6-6.7, mean = 3.75 ± 1.08) (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in IL-15 levels between active and stable vitiligo. In both active and stable vitiligo, CXCL9 and CXCL10 were significantly higher than controls (p < 0.05), and they were significantly higher in active than stable vitiligo (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS In vitiligo, oxidative damage induces an increase in pro-inflammatory IL-15, which in turn promotes IFN-γ-inducible chemokines such as CXCL9 and CXCL10. Further, there seems to be a link between the VASI score and IL-15 levels. These data imply that inhibiting IL-15 could be a promising method for developing a potentially targeted treatment that suppresses the early interplay between oxidant stress and IL-15 keratinocyte production, as well as between resident and recirculating memory T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma Kassab
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, Monastir 5019, Tunisia;
- Department of Fundamental Sciences, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Monastir, Monastir 5019, Tunisia; (Y.A.); (M.D.)
| | - Yassine Khalij
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, Monastir 5019, Tunisia;
| | - Yosra Ayed
- Department of Fundamental Sciences, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Monastir, Monastir 5019, Tunisia; (Y.A.); (M.D.)
| | - Najla Dar-Odeh
- Department of Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine and Periodontics, School of Dentistry, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan;
| | - Amal A. Kokandi
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Meriam Denguezli
- Department of Fundamental Sciences, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Monastir, Monastir 5019, Tunisia; (Y.A.); (M.D.)
| | - Monia Youssef
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital of Fattouma Bourguiba, Faculty of Medicine, University of Monastir, Monastir 5019, Tunisia;
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2
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Ogawa T, Ishitsuka Y. NRF2 in the Epidermal Pigmentary System. Biomolecules 2022; 13:biom13010020. [PMID: 36671405 PMCID: PMC9855619 DOI: 10.3390/biom13010020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanogenesis is a major part of the environmental responses and tissue development of the integumentary system. The balance between reduction and oxidation (redox) governs pigmentary responses, for which coordination among epidermal resident cells is indispensable. Here, we review the current understanding of melanocyte biology with a particular focus on the "master regulator" of oxidative stress responses (i.e., the Kelch-like erythroid cell-derived protein with cap'n'collar homology-associated protein 1-nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 system) and the autoimmune pigment disorder vitiligo. Our investigation revealed that the former is essential in pigmentogenesis, whereas the latter results from unbalanced redox homeostasis and/or defective intercellular communication in the interfollicular epidermis (IFE). Finally, we propose a model in which keratinocytes provide a "niche" for differentiated melanocytes and may "imprint" IFE pigmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Ogawa
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan
| | - Yosuke Ishitsuka
- Department of Dermatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita 565-0871, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-66-879-3031; Fax: +81-66-879-3039
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3
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Bellei B, Migliano E, Picardo M. Therapeutic potential of adipose tissue-derivatives in modern dermatology. Exp Dermatol 2022; 31:1837-1852. [PMID: 35102608 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Stem cell-mediated therapies in combination with biomaterial and growth factor-based approaches in regenerative medicine are rapidly evolving with increasing application beyond the dermatologic field. Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) are the more frequently used adult stem cells due to their abundance and easy access. In the case of volumetric defects, adipose tissue can take the shape of defects, restoring the volume and enhancing the regeneration of receiving tissue. When regenerative purposes prevail on volume restoration, the stromal vascular fraction (SVF) rich in staminal cells, purified mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) or their cell-free derivatives grafting are favoured. The therapeutic efficacy of acellular approaches is explained by the fact that a significant part of the natural propensity of stem cells to repair damaged tissue is ascribable to their secretory activity that combines mitogenic factors, cytokines, chemokines and extracellular matrix components. Therefore, the secretome's ability to modulate multiple targets simultaneously demonstrated preclinical and clinical efficacy in reversing pathological mechanisms of complex conditions such atopic dermatitis (AD), vitiligo, psoriasis, acne and Lichen sclerosus (LS), non-resolving wounds and alopecia. This review analysing both in vivo and in vitro models gives an overview of the clinical relevance of adipose tissue-derivatives such as autologous fat graft, stromal vascular fraction, purified stem cells and secretome for skin disorders application. Finally, we highlighted the major disease-specific limitations and the future perspective in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Bellei
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Center of Metabolomics Research, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Emilia Migliano
- Department of Plastic and Regenerative Surgery, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro Picardo
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Center of Metabolomics Research, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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4
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Vatnikov Y, Rudenko A, Gnezdilova L, Sotnikova E, Byakhova V, Piven E, Kulikov E, Petrov A, Drukovskiy S, Petrukhina O. Clinical and diagnostic characteristics of the development of hepatocardial syndrome in black and white cows in the early lactation period. Vet World 2022; 15:2259-2268. [PMID: 36341078 PMCID: PMC9631371 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2022.2259-2268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: It is known that during the early postpartum and lactation periods in dairy cows, metabolic disorders develop, that is, ketosis, which can lead to secondary damage to internal organs. Therefore, it is important to address the issues of changing the lactating cows’ clinical, laboratory, and physiological parameters regarding the development of hepatocardial syndrome. This study aimed to provide clinical and diagnostic justification for developing hepatocardial syndrome in highly productive dairy cows. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted on 20 black and white cows in the early postpartum period (7–10 days after birth), with a milk production level of >4500 kg of milk during the previous lactation period, a positive result in the formol colloid sedimentary test, the presence of deafness and splitting of heart sounds, changes in the size, or increased pain sensitivity of the percussion field of the liver. Clinically healthy dairy cows in the early postpartum period were used as controls (n = 24). Clinical, electrocardiographic, echocardiographic, and biochemical parameters were also evaluated. Results: Dairy cows with hepatocardial syndrome developed arterial hypertension and sinus tachycardia, which led to a significant decrease in PQ and QT intervals at ECG. A significant increase in the diastolic size of the interventricular septum, systolic size of the free wall of the left ventricle, and diastolic and systolic sizes of the left ventricle and a significant decrease in the shortening fraction of the left ventricular myocardium were observed in the cows due to the development of hepatocardial syndrome. The affected cows demonstrated a significant increase in serum activity of gamma-glutamyl transferase, alanine aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, creatine phosphokinase, alkaline phosphatase, troponin, malondialdehyde, diene conjugates, and ceruloplasmin and a decrease in glucose concentration. In addition, they demonstrated decreased activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase. Conclusion: Hepatocardial syndrome in dairy cows occurs due to ketosis, characterized by arterial hypertension, sinus tachycardia, a moderate decrease in myocardial contractility, oxidative stress, and cytolysis of cardiomyocytes and hepatocytes. Therefore, the control and prevention of the development of hepatocardial syndrome will make it possible to maintain the productive health and longevity of dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yury Vatnikov
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Agrarian and Technological Institute, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey Rudenko
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, State University of Food Production, Moscow, Russia
| | - Larisa Gnezdilova
- Department of Diseases, Diagnostics, Therapy, Obstetrics and Reproduction of Animals, Moscow State Academy of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology - MVA Named after K.I. Skryabin, Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena Sotnikova
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Agrarian and Technological Institute, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Varvara Byakhova
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Agrarian and Technological Institute, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena Piven
- Department of Public Health, Healthcare, and Hygiene, Institute of Medicine, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Evgeny Kulikov
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Agrarian and Technological Institute, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Aleksandr Petrov
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Agrarian and Technological Institute, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Stanislav Drukovskiy
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Agrarian and Technological Institute, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Olesya Petrukhina
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Agrarian and Technological Institute, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia
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5
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Research Progress on Targeted Antioxidant Therapy and Vitiligo. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:1821780. [PMID: 35320978 PMCID: PMC8938057 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1821780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Vitiligo is a common acquired depigmenting disease characterized by the loss of functional melanocytes and epidermal melanin. Vitiligo has a long treatment cycle and slow results, which is one of the most difficult challenges for skin diseases. Oxidative stress plays an important role as an initiating and driving factor in the pathogenesis of vitiligo. Antioxidant therapy has recently become a research hotspot in vitiligo treatment. A series of antioxidants has been discovered and applied to the treatment of vitiligo, which has returned satisfactory results. This article briefly reviews the relationship between oxidative stress and vitiligo. We also describe the progress of targeted antioxidant therapy in vitiligo, with the aim of providing a reference for new drug development and treatment options for this condition.
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6
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Uzuncakmak TK, Ozkanli S, Kocdogan AK, Oguztuzun S, Karadag AS, Ozlu E, Akdeniz N. Tissue expression of glutathione S transferase isoenzymes in vitiligo. Biotech Histochem 2021; 97:317-321. [PMID: 34547977 DOI: 10.1080/10520295.2021.1977998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The association of glutathione S-transferase (GST) enzymes with vitiligo is inconclusive. To evaluate tissue expressions of GST isoenzymes in vitiligo patients and to compare these expressions with healthy controls, we used 26 active depigmented patches on the trunk of vitiligo patients and 20 healthy sex and age matched controls. Punch biopsies were taken from the lesioned or normal skin. Tissue expression of GST isoenzymes were analyzed immunohistochemically. Tissue expression of GSTT1, GSTA1 and GSTP1 was significantly higher in the patient group than controls. Tissue expression of GSTM1 was not significantly different between the two groups. The increased tissue expression of GSTT1, GSTA1 and GSTP1 may represent a response to excess free radical formation in vitiligo and may support the role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of vitiligo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tugba Kevser Uzuncakmak
- Department of Dermatology, Goztepe Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Seyma Ozkanli
- Department of Pathology, Goztepe Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | | | - Ayse Serap Karadag
- Department of Dermatology, Goztepe Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Emin Ozlu
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Faculty, Duzce University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Necmettin Akdeniz
- Department of Dermatology, Goztepe Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Istanbul, Turkey
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7
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Liu GT, Li YL, Wang J, Dong CZ, Deng M, Tai M, Deng L, Che B, Lin L, Du ZY, Chen HX. Improvement of Skin Barrier Dysfunction by Phenolic-containing Extracts of Lycium barbarum via Nrf2/HO-1 Regulation. Photochem Photobiol 2021; 98:262-271. [PMID: 34342370 DOI: 10.1111/php.13498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Lycium barbarum have received an increasing popularity due to its powerful biological activity and medicinal use. However, the effect of Lycium barbarum on skin remains largely uncharacterized. The general purpose of this paper was to characterize the phenolic compounds in Lycium barbarum extract (LBE) using LC-HRMS/QTOF method and to investigate whether topical administration of LBE can repair skin barrier dysfunction in mice. Our data demonstrated that LBE could not only decrease ROS level and matrix metalloproteinase expression, but also strengthen intrinsic antioxidant defense system including SOD, GSH-Px and CAT, thereby resulting in increased skin collagen content and an improvement of UV-induced skin erythema, thickness and wrinkles. Improved skin barrier functions were highly correlated with increased expression of filaggrin, involucrin and loricrin as well as antioxidant proteins such as Nrf2 and HO-1 in UV-irradiated mice, suggesting that LBE may be promising natural products at a lower cost for the topical application in the treatment of skin diseases with defective barrier function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guan-Ting Liu
- The School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yong-Liang Li
- The School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Wang
- The School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chang-Zhi Dong
- The School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.,Sorbonne Paris Cité, ITODYS, UMR 7086 CNRS, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Minggao Deng
- The School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Meiling Tai
- Infinitus (China) Co. Ltd., Guangzhou, China
| | - Lili Deng
- Infinitus (China) Co. Ltd., Guangzhou, China
| | - Biao Che
- Infinitus (China) Co. Ltd., Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Lin
- Foshan Conney Allan Biotechnology Co. Ltd, Foshan, China
| | - Zhi-Yun Du
- The School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui-Xiong Chen
- The School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.,Chemistry of RNA, Nucleosides, Peptides and Heterocycles, CNRS UMR8601, Université Paris Descartes, PRES Sorbonne Paris Cité, UFR Biomédicale, Paris Cedex 06, France
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8
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Guo S, Zhang Q. Paeonol protects melanocytes against hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress through activation of Nrf2 signaling pathway. Drug Dev Res 2021; 82:861-869. [PMID: 33491230 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of vitiligo. Paeonol, a phenolic compound found in the root bark of Cortex Moutan, has been suggested to have therapeutic effects on various diseases through nuclear factor Nrf2 mediated antioxidant pathways. However, the therapeutic effects of paeonol on vitiligo have not been investigated. In this study, we investigated whether paeonol could protect melanocytes against oxidative stress through Nrf2 activation. Hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) was used to mimic the oxidative stress. PIG1 cells were pretreated with paeonol for 24 h, and then were treated with H2 O2 for 24 h. To detect the role of Nrf2, siRNA method was used to knockdown the Nrf2 expression. After that, cell viability, melanin content, tyrosinase activity, intracellular reactive oxygen species, antioxidant enzymes activities, nuclear translocation of Nrf2, and mRNA expression of Nrf2 downstream antioxidant genes were detected. Paeonol improved cell viability and melanogenesis in PIG1 cells treated with H2 O2 . Paeonol also alleviated oxidative stress by restoring the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase. Paeonol promoted Nrf2 nuclear translocation and the expression of its downstream-regulated antioxidative genes under oxidative stress. Furthermore, Nrf2 knockdown by siRNA abolished the protective effects of paeonol on PIG1 cells against oxidative damage. Paeonol protected melanocytes against H2 O2 -induced oxidative stress by Nrf2 mediated antioxidant pathways. Paeonol is a potential therapeutic drug for vitiligo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Guo
- Dermatological Department, Urumqi Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Urumqi, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Dermatological Department, Longyan First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Longyan, China
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9
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Bergqvist C, Ezzedine K. Vitiligo: A focus on pathogenesis and its therapeutic implications. J Dermatol 2021; 48:252-270. [DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.15743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christina Bergqvist
- Department of Dermatology AP‐HP Henri Mondor University Hospital UPEC Créteil France
| | - Khaled Ezzedine
- Department of Dermatology AP‐HP Henri Mondor University Hospital UPEC Créteil France
- EA 7379 EpidermE Université Paris‐Est Créteil, UPEC Créteil France
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10
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Lee JW, Kim TH, Park TJ, Kang HY. p16 ink4a Positivity of Melanocytes in Non-Segmental Vitiligo. Diagnostics (Basel) 2020; 10:diagnostics10110878. [PMID: 33126704 PMCID: PMC7694005 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics10110878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence is induced in response to cellular stressors such as increased levels of reactive oxygen species. The chronic accumulation of senescent cells is currently recognized as a contributor to the pathologic processes of diverse degenerative diseases. Vitiligo is characterized by the disappearance of melanocytes driven by cellular stress within melanocytes and autoimmune processes. In this study, we examined p16INK4A positivity in the lesional and perilesional skin of 54 non-segmental vitiligo patients to explore cellular senescence in vitiligo. There were more p16INK4A-positive melanocytes in the perilesional vitiligo skin samples than in control samples. It was also found that p16INK4A immunoreactivity was not restricted to melanocytes but also existed in fibroblasts; the number of p16INK4A-positive fibroblasts was significantly increased in lesional skin compared to perilesional skin and normal controls. However, in the subgroup analysis of sun-exposed and non-exposed samples, this outcome was only found at sun-exposed sites, suggesting that fibroblast senescence is an epiphenomenon related to the loss of pigment in skin with vitiligo. In summary, exploring p16INK4A positivity in vitiligo revealed melanocyte senescence in perilesional skin, which may play a role in vitiligo pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Wook Lee
- Department of Medical Sciences, Ajou University Graduate School of Medicine, Suwon 443–721, Korea;
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Tae Hyung Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 443–721, Korea;
| | - Tae Jun Park
- Department of Medical Sciences, Ajou University Graduate School of Medicine, Suwon 443–721, Korea;
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 443–721, Korea
- Institute on Ageing, Ajou University Medical Center, Suwon 443–721, Korea
- Correspondence: (T.J.P.); (H.Y.K.); Tel.: +82-31-219-5055 (T.J.P.); +82-31-219-5188 (H.Y.K.)
| | - Hee Young Kang
- Department of Medical Sciences, Ajou University Graduate School of Medicine, Suwon 443–721, Korea;
- Department of Dermatology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 443–721, Korea;
- Correspondence: (T.J.P.); (H.Y.K.); Tel.: +82-31-219-5055 (T.J.P.); +82-31-219-5188 (H.Y.K.)
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11
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Bergqvist C, Ezzedine K. Vitiligo: A Review. Dermatology 2020; 236:571-592. [DOI: 10.1159/000506103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitiligo, a common depigmenting skin disorder, has an estimated prevalence of 0.5–2% of the population worldwide. The disease is characterized by the selective loss of melanocytes which results in typical nonscaly, chalky-white macules. In recent years, considerable progress has been made in our understanding of the pathogenesis of vitiligo which is now clearly classified as an autoimmune disease. Vitiligo is often dismissed as a cosmetic problem, although its effects can be psychologically devastating, often with a considerable burden on daily life. In 2011, an international consensus classified segmental vitiligo separately from all other forms of vitiligo, and the term vitiligo was defined to designate all forms of nonsegmental vitiligo. This review summarizes the current knowledge on vitiligo and attempts to give an overview of the future in vitiligo treatment.
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12
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Bastonini E, Bellei B, Filoni A, Kovacs D, Iacovelli P, Picardo M. Involvement of non‐melanocytic skin cells in vitiligo. Exp Dermatol 2019; 28:667-673. [DOI: 10.1111/exd.13868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Bastonini
- Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Center of Metabolomics ResearchSan Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS Rome Italy
| | - Barbara Bellei
- Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Center of Metabolomics ResearchSan Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS Rome Italy
| | - Angela Filoni
- Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Center of Metabolomics ResearchSan Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS Rome Italy
| | - Daniela Kovacs
- Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Center of Metabolomics ResearchSan Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS Rome Italy
| | - Paolo Iacovelli
- Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Center of Metabolomics ResearchSan Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS Rome Italy
| | - Mauro Picardo
- Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Center of Metabolomics ResearchSan Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS Rome Italy
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13
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Jiang L, Guo Z, Kong Y, Liang J, Wang Y, Wang K. Protective effects of glutamine on human melanocyte oxidative stress model. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol 2018; 84:269-274. [PMID: 29491190 DOI: 10.4103/ijdvl.ijdvl_106_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Background Vitiligo is a disorder caused by the loss of the melanocyte activity on melanin pigment generation. Studies show that oxidative-stress induced apoptosis in melanocytes is closely related to the pathogenesis of vitiligo. Glutamine is a well known antioxidant with anti-apoptotic effects, and is used in a variety of diseases. However, it is unclear whether glutamine has an antioxidant or anti-apoptotic effect on melanocytes. Aims The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effects of glutamine on a human melanocyte oxidative stress model. Methods The oxidative stress model was established on human melanocytes using hydrogen peroxide. The morphology and viability of melanocytes, levels of oxidants [reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde], levels of antioxidants [superoxide dismutase and glutathione-S-transferase], and apoptosis-related indicators (caspase-3, bax and bcl-2) were examined after glutamine exposure at various concentrations. Expressions of nuclear factor-E2-related factor 2, heme oxygenase-1, and heat shock protein 70 were detected using western blot technique after glutamine exposure at various concentrations. Results Our results demonstrate that pre-treatment and post-treatment with glutamine promoted melanocyte viability, increased levels of superoxide dismutase, glutathione-S-transferase and bcl-2, decreased levels of reactive oxygen species, malondialdehyde, bax and caspase-3, and enhanced nuclear factor-E2-related factor 2, heme oxygenase-1, and heat shock protein 70 expression in a dose dependent manner. The effect of pre-treatment was more significant than post-treatment, at the same concentration. Limitations The mechanisms of glutamine activated nuclear factor-E2-related factor 2 antioxidant responsive element signaling pathway need further investigation. Conclusions Glutamine enhances the antioxidant and anti-apoptotic capabilities of melanocytes and protects them against oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liya Jiang
- Department of Dermatology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012; Department of Dermatology, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, 252000, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Guo
- Department of General Surgery, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, 252000, P. R. China
| | - Yulong Kong
- Department of Dermatology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012; Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Nanjing Jiangbei Hospital, Medical College of Southeast University, Nanjing, 210048, P. R. China
| | - Jianhua Liang
- Department of Dermatology, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, 252000, P. R. China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, P. R. China
| | - Keyu Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, P. R. China
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Speeckaert R, Dugardin J, Lambert J, Lapeere H, Verhaeghe E, Speeckaert MM, van Geel N. Critical appraisal of the oxidative stress pathway in vitiligo: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2018; 32:1089-1098. [PMID: 29341310 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.14792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pathogenesis of vitiligo remains a topic of extensive debate. This is partly due to the moderate efficacy of current treatments. The role of the oxidative stress pathway in vitiligo is a popular although controversial research topic. OBJECTIVE To clarify the role of the oxidative stress pathway in vitiligo compared to other inflammatory skin disorders and to assess the therapeutic role of antioxidants. METHODS We conducted a systematic search of the existing literature on the aberrancies of the oxidative stress pathway in vitiligo. Subsequently, the efficacy of both topical and oral antioxidants in clinical trials was investigated. RESULTS A deregulated oxidative pathway is clearly evident with elevated superoxide dismutase, decreased catalase and increased lipid peroxidation. However, similar results have been obtained in other inflammatory skin diseases such as psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, lichen planus and urticaria. This questions the unique role of oxidative stress in the development of vitiligo. Some isolated successes have been reported with oral ginkgo biloba, polypodium leucotomos and vitamin C and E preparations, while other clinical trials have failed to show reproducible results. The use of topical antioxidants delivers in general no beneficial results. CONCLUSION The oxidative pathway is affected in vitiligo, but its unique initiating or contributory role in the pathogenesis is less evident. Interesting data support the added value of oral antioxidants in vitiligo although confirmatory studies are missing.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Speeckaert
- Department of Dermatology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - J Dugardin
- Department of Dermatology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - J Lambert
- Department of Dermatology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - H Lapeere
- Department of Dermatology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - E Verhaeghe
- Department of Dermatology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - M M Speeckaert
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - N van Geel
- Department of Dermatology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
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15
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Gęgotek A, Domingues P, Wroński A, Wójcik P, Skrzydlewska E. Proteomic plasma profile of psoriatic patients. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2018; 155:185-193. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2018.03.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 03/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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16
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Kovacs D, Bastonini E, Ottaviani M, Cota C, Migliano E, Dell’Anna ML, Picardo M. Vitiligo Skin: Exploring the Dermal Compartment. J Invest Dermatol 2018; 138:394-404. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2017.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Revised: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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17
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de Castro MRT, Ferreira APDO, Busanello GL, da Silva LRH, da Silveira Junior MEP, Fiorin FDS, Arrifano G, Crespo-López ME, Barcelos RP, Cuevas MJ, Bresciani G, González-Gallego J, Fighera MR, Royes LFF. Previous physical exercise alters the hepatic profile of oxidative-inflammatory status and limits the secondary brain damage induced by severe traumatic brain injury in rats. J Physiol 2017; 595:6023-6044. [PMID: 28726269 DOI: 10.1113/jp273933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS An early inflammatory response and oxidative stress are implicated in the signal transduction that alters both hepatic redox status and mitochondrial function after traumatic brain injury (TBI). Peripheral oxidative/inflammatory responses contribute to neuronal dysfunction after TBI Exercise training alters the profile of oxidative-inflammatory status in liver and protects against acute hyperglycaemia and a cerebral inflammatory response after TBI. Approaches such as exercise training, which attenuates neuronal damage after TBI, may have therapeutic potential through modulation of responses by metabolic organs. The vulnerability of the body to oxidative/inflammatory in TBI is significantly enhanced in sedentary compared to physically active counterparts. ABSTRACT Although systemic responses have been described after traumatic brain injury (TBI), little is known regarding potential interactions between brain and peripheral organs after neuronal injury. Accordingly, we aimed to investigate whether a peripheral oxidative/inflammatory response contributes to neuronal dysfunction after TBI, as well as the prophylactic role of exercise training. Animals were submitted to fluid percussion injury after 6 weeks of swimming training. Previous exercise training increased mRNA expression of X receptor alpha and ATP-binding cassette transporter, and decreased inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-6 expression per se in liver. Interestingly, exercise training protected against hepatic inflammation (COX-2, iNOS, TNF-α and IL-6), oxidative stress (decreases in non-protein sulfhydryl and glutathione, as well as increases in 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate oxidation and protein carbonyl), which altered hepatic redox status (increases in myeloperoxidase and superoxide dismutase activity, as well as inhibition of catalase activity) mitochondrial function (decreases in methyl-tetrazolium and Δψ, as well as inhibition of citrate synthase activity) and ion gradient homeostasis (inhibition of Na+ ,K+ -ATPase activity inhibition) when analysed 24 h after TBI. Previous exercise training also protected against dysglycaemia, impaired hepatic signalling (increase in phosphorylated c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase, phosphorylated decreases in insulin receptor substrate and phosphorylated AKT expression), high levels of circulating and neuronal cytokines, the opening of the blood-brain barrier, neutrophil infiltration and Na+ ,K+ -ATPase activity inhibition in the ipsilateral cortex after TBI. Moreover, the impairment of protein function, neurobehavioural (neuromotor dysfunction and spatial learning) disability and hippocampal cell damage in sedentary rats suggests that exercise training also modulates peripheral oxidative/inflammatory pathways in TBI, which corroborates the ever increasing evidence regarding health-related outcomes with respect to a physically active lifestyle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Robson Torres de Castro
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Educação Física.,Centro de Educação Física e Desportos, Laboratório de Bioquímica do Exercício
| | | | - Guilherme Lago Busanello
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Educação Física.,Centro de Educação Física e Desportos, Laboratório de Bioquímica do Exercício
| | | | | | - Fernando da Silva Fiorin
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Arrifano
- Laboratório de Farmacologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB), Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA), Belém, Brazil
| | - Maria Elena Crespo-López
- Laboratório de Farmacologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB), Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA), Belém, Brazil
| | - Rômulo Pillon Barcelos
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - María J Cuevas
- Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED) and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), University of León, León, Spain
| | - Guilherme Bresciani
- Escuela de Educación Física, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaiso (PUCV), Valparaiso, Chile
| | - Javier González-Gallego
- Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED) and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), University of León, León, Spain
| | - Michele Rechia Fighera
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Educação Física.,Centro de Educação Física e Desportos, Laboratório de Bioquímica do Exercício.,Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Luiz Fernando Freire Royes
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Educação Física.,Centro de Educação Física e Desportos, Laboratório de Bioquímica do Exercício.,Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
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Dysfunction of Autophagy: A Possible Mechanism Involved in the Pathogenesis of Vitiligo by Breaking the Redox Balance of Melanocytes. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:3401570. [PMID: 28018522 PMCID: PMC5153471 DOI: 10.1155/2016/3401570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Revised: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Vitiligo is a common chronic acquired pigmentation disorder characterized by loss of functional melanocytes from the epidermis and follicular reservoir. Among multiple hypotheses which have been proposed in the pathogenesis of vitiligo, autoimmunity and oxidative stress-mediated toxicity in melanocytes remain most widely accepted. Macroautophagy is a lysosome-dependent degradation pathway which widely exists in eukaryotic cells. Autophagy participates in the oxidative stress response in many cells, which plays a protective role in preventing damage caused by oxidative stress. Recent studies have enrolled autophagy as an important regulator in limiting damage caused by UV light and lipid oxidation, keeping oxidative stress in a steady state in epidermal keratinocytes and maintaining normal proliferation and aging of melanocytes. Impairment of autophagy might disrupt the antioxidant defense system which renders melanocytes to oxidative insults. These findings provide supportive evidence to explore new ideas of the pathogenesis of vitiligo and other pigmentation disorders.
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19
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Wadhwa R, Priyandoko D, Gao R, Widodo N, Nigam N, Li L, Ahn HM, Yun CO, Ando N, Mahe C, Kaul SC. Stress chaperone mortalin regulates human melanogenesis. Cell Stress Chaperones 2016; 21:631-44. [PMID: 27056733 PMCID: PMC4907994 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-016-0688-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Revised: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
In order to identify the cellular factors involved in human melanogenesis, we carried out shRNA-mediated loss-of-function screening in conjunction with induction of melanogenesis by 1-oleoyl-2-acetyl-glycerol (OAG) in human melanoma cells using biochemical and visual assays. Gene targets of the shRNAs (that caused loss of OAG-induced melanogenesis) and their pathways, as determined by bioinformatics, revealed involvement of proteins that regulate cell stress response, mitochondrial functions, proliferation, and apoptosis. We demonstrate, for the first time, that the mitochondrial stress chaperone mortalin is crucial for melanogenesis. Upregulation of mortalin was closely associated with melanogenesis in in vitro cell-based assays and clinical samples of keloids with hyperpigmentation. Furthermore, its knockdown resulted in compromised melanogenesis. The data proposed mortalin as an important protein that may be targeted to manipulate pigmentation for cosmetic and related disease therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renu Wadhwa
- DAILAB, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 5-41, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8565, Japan
| | - Didik Priyandoko
- DAILAB, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 5-41, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8565, Japan
- Department of Biology, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Ran Gao
- DAILAB, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 5-41, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8565, Japan
| | - Nashi Widodo
- DAILAB, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 5-41, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8565, Japan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Nupur Nigam
- DAILAB, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 5-41, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8565, Japan
| | - Ling Li
- DAILAB, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 5-41, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8565, Japan
| | - Hyo Min Ahn
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-Ro, Seongdong-Gu, Seoul, 133-791, South Korea
| | - Chae-Ok Yun
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-Ro, Seongdong-Gu, Seoul, 133-791, South Korea
| | - Nobuhiro Ando
- KK Chanel Research and Technology Development Laboratory, 1-1-5, Yamate, Funabashi-Chiba, 273-0045, Japan
| | - Christian Mahe
- KK Chanel Research and Technology Development Laboratory, 1-1-5, Yamate, Funabashi-Chiba, 273-0045, Japan
| | - Sunil C Kaul
- DAILAB, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 5-41, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8565, Japan.
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20
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Korkina L. Metabolic and redox barriers in the skin exposed to drugs and xenobiotics. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2016; 12:377-88. [PMID: 26854731 DOI: 10.1517/17425255.2016.1149569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Growing exposure of human skin to environmental and occupational hazards, to numerous skin care/beauty products, and to topical drugs led to a biomedical concern regarding sustainability of cutaneous chemical defence that is essential for protection against intoxication. Since skin is the largest extra-hepatic drug/xenobiotic metabolising organ where redox-dependent metabolic pathways prevail, in this review, publications on metabolic processes leading to redox imbalance (oxidative stress) and its autocrine/endocrine impact to cutaneous drug/xenobiotic metabolism were scrutinised. AREAS COVERED Chemical and photo-chemical skin barriers contain metabolic and redox compartments: their protective and homeostatic functions. The review will examine the striking similarity of adaptive responses to exogenous chemical/photo-chemical stressors and endogenous toxins in cutaneous metabolic and redox system; the role(s) of xenobiotics/drugs and phase II enzymes in the endogenous antioxidant defence and maintenance of redox balance; redox regulation of interactions between metabolic and inflammatory responses in skin cells; skin diseases sharing metabolic and redox problems (contact dermatitis, lupus erythematosus, and vitiligo) EXPERT OPINION Due to exceptional the redox dependence of cutaneous metabolic pathways and interaction of redox active metabolites/exogenous antioxidants with drug/xenobiotic metabolism, metabolic tests of topical xenobiotics/drugs should be combined with appropriate redox analyses and performed on 3D human skin models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liudmila Korkina
- a Scientific Direction, Centre for Innovative Biotechnological Investigations 'NANOLAB' , Moscow , Russia
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21
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Lotti T, Hercogova J, Fabrizi G. Advances in the treatment options for vitiligo: activated low-dose cytokines-based therapy. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2015; 16:2485-96. [DOI: 10.1517/14656566.2015.1087508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Abstract
Vitiligo is an acquired depigmenting disorder that affects 0.5% to 2% of the world population. Three different forms are classified according to the distribution of lesions; namely non-segmental, segmental and mixed vitiligo. Vitiligo is associated with polymorphisms in genes involved in the immune response and in melanogenesis. However, environmental factors are required for the development of manifest disease. In general, the diagnosis is clinical and no laboratory tests or biopsies are required. Metabolic alterations are central to current concepts in pathophysiology. They induce an increased generation of reactive oxygen species and susceptibility to mild exogenous stimuli in the epidermis. This produces a senescent phenotype of skin cells, leads to the release of innate immune molecules, which trigger autoimmunity, and ultimately causes dysfunction and death of melanocytes. Clinical management aims to halt depigmentation, and to either repigment or depigment the skin, depending on the extent of disease. New therapeutic approaches include stimulation of melanocyte differentiation and proliferation through α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone analogues and through epidermal stem cell engineering. Several questions remain unsolved, including the connection between melanocyte depletion and stem cell exhaustion, the underlying degenerative mechanisms and the biological mediators of cell death. Overall, vitiligo is an excellent model for studying degenerative and autoimmune processes and for testing novel approaches in regenerative medicine. For an illustrated summary of this Primer, visit: http://go.nature.com/vIhFSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Picardo
- Cutaneous Physiopathology, San Gallicano Dermatologic Institute, IFO IRCCS, via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria L Dell'Anna
- Cutaneous Physiopathology, San Gallicano Dermatologic Institute, IFO IRCCS, via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Khaled Ezzedine
- Service de Dermatologie et Dermatologie Pédiatrique, Centre de référence pour les maladies rares de la peau, INSERM 1035, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Iltefat Hamzavi
- Multicultural Dermatology Center, Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Hospital Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - John E Harris
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, USA
| | | | - Alain Taieb
- Service de Dermatologie et Dermatologie Pédiatrique, Centre de référence pour les maladies rares de la peau, INSERM 1035, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
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23
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Lubrano C, Valacchi G, Specchia P, Gnessi L, Rubanenko EP, Shuginina EA, Trukhanov AI, Korkina LG, De Luca C. Integrated Haematological Profiles of Redox Status, Lipid, and Inflammatory Protein Biomarkers in Benign Obesity and Unhealthy Obesity with Metabolic Syndrome. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2015; 2015:490613. [PMID: 26090072 PMCID: PMC4451994 DOI: 10.1155/2015/490613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Revised: 04/11/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of obesity (OB) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) implies free radical-, oxidized lipid- (LOOH-), and inflammatory cytokine-mediated altered pathways in target organs. Key elements of the transition from benign OB to unhealthy OB+MetS remain unclear. Here, we measured a panel of redox, antioxidant, and inflammation markers in the groups of OB patients (67 with, 45 without MetS) and 90 controls. Both OB groups displayed elevated levels of adipokines and heavy oxidative stress (OS) evidenced by reduced levels of glutathione, downregulated glutathione-S-transferase, increased 4-hydroxynonenal-protein adducts, reactive oxygen species, and membrane-bound monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA). Exclusively in OB+MetS, higher-than-normal glutathione peroxidase activity, tumor necrosis factor-α, and other proinflammatory cytokines/chemokines/growth factors were observed; a combination of high adipokine plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 and MUFA was consistent with increased cardiovascular risk. The uncomplicated OB group showed features of adaptation to OS such as decreased levels of vitamin E, activated superoxide dismutase, and inhibited catalase, suggesting H2O2 hyperproduction. Proinflammatory cytokine pattern was normal, except few markers like RANTES, a suitable candidate for therapeutic approaches to prevent a setting of MetS by inhibition of LOOH-primed leukocyte chemotaxis/recruitment to target tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Lubrano
- Section of Medical Pathophysiology, Endocrinology and Food Science, Department of Experimental Medicine, “Sapienza” University, “Umberto I” Polyclinic, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Valacchi
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, 44100 Ferrara, Italy
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Palma Specchia
- Section of Medical Pathophysiology, Endocrinology and Food Science, Department of Experimental Medicine, “Sapienza” University, “Umberto I” Polyclinic, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Lucio Gnessi
- Section of Medical Pathophysiology, Endocrinology and Food Science, Department of Experimental Medicine, “Sapienza” University, “Umberto I” Polyclinic, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Elizaveta P. Rubanenko
- Active Longevity Clinic “Institut Krasoty na Arbate”, 8 Maly Nikolopeskovsky Lane, Moscow 119002, Russia
| | - Elena A. Shuginina
- Active Longevity Clinic “Institut Krasoty na Arbate”, 8 Maly Nikolopeskovsky Lane, Moscow 119002, Russia
| | - Arseny I. Trukhanov
- Active Longevity Clinic “Institut Krasoty na Arbate”, 8 Maly Nikolopeskovsky Lane, Moscow 119002, Russia
| | - Liudmila G. Korkina
- Active Longevity Clinic “Institut Krasoty na Arbate”, 8 Maly Nikolopeskovsky Lane, Moscow 119002, Russia
- Centre of Innovative Biotechnological Investigations (Cibi-NanoLab), 197 Vernadskogo Prospekt, Moscow 119571, Russia
| | - Chiara De Luca
- Centre of Innovative Biotechnological Investigations (Cibi-NanoLab), 197 Vernadskogo Prospekt, Moscow 119571, Russia
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Protective actions of 17β-estradiol and progesterone on oxidative neuronal injury induced by organometallic compounds. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2015; 2015:343706. [PMID: 25815107 PMCID: PMC4359856 DOI: 10.1155/2015/343706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2014] [Accepted: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Steroid hormones synthesized in and secreted from peripheral endocrine glands pass through the blood-brain barrier and play a role in the central nervous system. In addition, the brain possesses an inherent endocrine system and synthesizes steroid hormones known as neurosteroids. Increasing evidence shows that neuroactive steroids protect the central nervous system from various harmful stimuli. Reports show that the neuroprotective actions of steroid hormones attenuate oxidative stress. In this review, we summarize the antioxidative effects of neuroactive steroids, especially 17β-estradiol and progesterone, on neuronal injury in the central nervous system under various pathological conditions, and then describe our recent findings concerning the neuroprotective actions of 17β-estradiol and progesterone on oxidative neuronal injury induced by organometallic compounds, tributyltin, and methylmercury.
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25
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Pagano G, Aiello Talamanca A, Castello G, Cordero MD, d'Ischia M, Gadaleta MN, Pallardó FV, Petrović S, Tiano L, Zatterale A. Oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction across broad-ranging pathologies: toward mitochondria-targeted clinical strategies. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2014; 2014:541230. [PMID: 24876913 PMCID: PMC4024404 DOI: 10.1155/2014/541230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2013] [Accepted: 02/24/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Beyond the disorders recognized as mitochondrial diseases, abnormalities in function and/or ultrastructure of mitochondria have been reported in several unrelated pathologies. These encompass ageing, malformations, and a number of genetic or acquired diseases, as diabetes and cardiologic, haematologic, organ-specific (e.g., eye or liver), neurologic and psychiatric, autoimmune, and dermatologic disorders. The mechanistic grounds for mitochondrial dysfunction (MDF) along with the occurrence of oxidative stress (OS) have been investigated within the pathogenesis of individual disorders or in groups of interrelated disorders. We attempt to review broad-ranging pathologies that involve mitochondrial-specific deficiencies or rely on cytosol-derived prooxidant states or on autoimmune-induced mitochondrial damage. The established knowledge in these subjects warrants studies aimed at elucidating several open questions that are highlighted in the present review. The relevance of OS and MDF in different pathologies may establish the grounds for chemoprevention trials aimed at compensating OS/MDF by means of antioxidants and mitochondrial nutrients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Pagano
- Cancer Research Centre at Mercogliano (CROM), Istituto Nazionale Tumori Fondazione G. Pascale-IRCCS, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Annarita Aiello Talamanca
- Cancer Research Centre at Mercogliano (CROM), Istituto Nazionale Tumori Fondazione G. Pascale-IRCCS, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Castello
- Cancer Research Centre at Mercogliano (CROM), Istituto Nazionale Tumori Fondazione G. Pascale-IRCCS, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Mario D. Cordero
- Research Laboratory, Dental School, Sevilla University, 41009 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Marco d'Ischia
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Federico II University, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Nicola Gadaleta
- National Research Council, Institute of Biomembranes and Bioenergetics, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | | | - Sandra Petrović
- “Vinca” Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, 11070 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Luca Tiano
- Department of Clinical and Dental Sciences, Polytechnical University of Marche, 60100 Ancona, Italy
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Hou M, Sun R, Hupe M, Kim PL, Park K, Crumrine D, Lin TK, Santiago JL, Mauro TM, Elias PM, Man MQ. Topical apigenin improves epidermal permeability barrier homoeostasis in normal murine skin by divergent mechanisms. Exp Dermatol 2013; 22:210-5. [PMID: 23489424 DOI: 10.1111/exd.12102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The beneficial effects of certain herbal medicines on cutaneous function have been appreciated for centuries. Among these agents, chrysanthemum extract, apigenin, has been used for skin care, particularly in China, for millennia. However, the underlying mechanisms by which apigenin benefits the skin are not known. In this study, we first determined whether topical apigenin positively influences permeability barrier homoeostasis, and then the basis thereof. Hairless mice were treated topically with either 0.1% apigenin or vehicle alone twice daily for 9 days. At the end of the treatments, permeability barrier function was assessed with either an electrolytic water analyzer or a Tewameter. Our results show that topical apigenin significantly enhanced permeability barrier homoeostasis after tape stripping, although basal permeability barrier function remained unchanged. Improved barrier function correlated with enhanced filaggrin expression and lamellar body production, which was paralleled by elevated mRNA levels for the epidermal ABCA12. The mRNA levels for key lipid synthetic enzymes also were upregulated by apigenin. Finally, both cathelicidin-related peptide and mouse beta-defensin 3 immunostaining were increased by apigenin. We conclude that topical apigenin improves epidermal permeability barrier function by stimulating epidermal differentiation, lipid synthesis and secretion, as well as cutaneous antimicrobial peptide production. Apigenin could be useful for the prevention and treatment of skin disorders characterized by permeability barrier dysfunction, associated with reduced filaggrin levels and impaired antimicrobial defenses, such as atopic dermatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maihua Hou
- Dermatology Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, and University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Bellei B, Pitisci A, Ottaviani M, Ludovici M, Cota C, Luzi F, Dell'Anna ML, Picardo M. Vitiligo: a possible model of degenerative diseases. PLoS One 2013; 8:e59782. [PMID: 23555779 PMCID: PMC3608562 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0059782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2012] [Accepted: 02/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitiligo is characterized by the progressive disappearance of pigment cells from skin and hair follicle. Several in vitro and in vivo studies show evidence of an altered redox status, suggesting that loss of cellular redox equilibrium might be the pathogenic mechanism in vitiligo. However, despite the numerous data supporting a pathogenic role of oxidative stress, there is still no consensus explanation underlying the oxidative stress-driven disappear of melanocytes from the epidermis. In this study, in vitro characterization of melanocytes cultures from non-lesional vitiligo skin revealed at the cellular level aberrant function of signal transduction pathways common with neurodegenerative diseases including modification of lipid metabolism, hyperactivation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB), constitutive p53-dependent stress signal transduction cascades, and enhanced sensibility to pro-apoptotic stimuli. Notably, these long-term effects of subcytotoxic oxidative stress are also biomarkers of pre-senescent cellular phenotype. Consistent with this, vitiligo cells showed a significant increase in p16 that did not correlate with the chronological age of the donor. Moreover, vitiligo melanocytes produced many biologically active proteins among the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SAPS), such as interleukin-6 (IL-6), matrix metallo proteinase-3 (MMP3), cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2), insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-3 and 7 (IGFBP3, IGFBP7). Together, these data argue for a complicated pathophysiologic puzzle underlying melanocytes degeneration resembling, from the biological point of view, neurodegenerative diseases. Our results suggest new possible targets for intervention that in combination with current therapies could correct melanocytes intrinsic defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Bellei
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Physiopathology, San Gallicano Dermatologic Institute, Istituto Di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Rome, Italy.
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28
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Possible contribution of GSTP1 and other xenobiotic metabolizing genes to vitiligo susceptibility. Arch Dermatol Res 2012. [PMID: 23179585 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-012-1301-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Vitiligo is an acquired pigmentary disorder with several proposed pathogenesis mechanisms and complex multifactorial genetic predisposition. We analyzed 65 polymorphisms in genes potentially relevant to vitiligo pathogenesis mechanism to reveal novel and confirm reported genetic risk factors in general Russian population. We found that polymorphism rs1138272 (TC + CC) in GSTP1 gene encoding enzyme involved in xenobiotic metabolism is associated with vitiligo (Bonferroni adjusted P value 0.0015) with extraordinary high odds ratio 13.03, and haplotype analysis confirmed association of GSTP1 gene with vitiligo risk. Moreover, analysis of variations in several genes encoding enzymes of xenobiotic metabolism showed that higher risk of vitiligo is associated with higher number of risk alleles. This finding reveals possible contribution of genetic background to observed imbalance of oxidative stress control in vitiligo through cumulative effect of multiple genetic variations in xenobiotic metabolizing genes, supporting the concept of multigenic nature of vitiligo with multiple low-risk alleles cumulatively contributing to vitiligo risk.
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Colucci R, Lotti T, Moretti S. Vitiligo: an update on current pharmacotherapy and future directions. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2012; 13:1885-99. [PMID: 22835073 DOI: 10.1517/14656566.2012.712113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Vitiligo is a common pigmentary skin disorder, characterized by the appearance of white macules on the skin, mucosal or hair. Treatment is often a tough challenge and involves a wide range of therapies. AREAS COVERED This review focuses on available first- and second-line pharmacological treatments for vitiligo. In particular, the mechanisms of action, the main indications, the efficacy and the most important side effects are reviewed. Moreover, a brief discussion is provided, regarding other nonpharmacological treatments, such as phototherapy and surgical options, due to their importance and successful outcomes in vitiligo treatment. Finally, a concise overview regarding the future directions in vitiligo therapy is presented. EXPERT OPINION The promising outcomes reported here demonstrate that it is possible to achieve a satisfactory and often stable repigmentation of vitiligo lesions. Topical corticosteroids, calcineurin inhibitors, phototherapy and photochemotherapy represent the first-line therapeutic options, due to their safety and efficacy, whereas vitamin D analogues, targeted phototherapy, oral corticosteroids and surgery should be used as second-line therapies. Other therapies, such as antioxidants, can be used in association with other therapeutic options, whereas depigmenting agents should be used only in cases of extensive vitiligo, recalcitrant to other treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Colucci
- University of Florence, Section of Clinical, Preventive and Oncologic Dermatology, Department of Critical Care Medicine and Surgery, Florence, Italy.
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Dell'Anna ML, Cario-André M, Bellei B, Taieb A, Picardo M. In vitro research on vitiligo: strategies, principles, methodological options and common pitfalls. Exp Dermatol 2012; 21:490-6. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0625.2012.01506.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Muriel Cario-André
- Inserm U 876 and National Reference Centre for Rare Skin Diseases; Bordeaux University Hospitals; Bordeaux; France
| | | | - Alain Taieb
- Inserm U 876 and National Reference Centre for Rare Skin Diseases; Bordeaux University Hospitals; Bordeaux; France
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Bassiouny DA, Khorshied MM. Glutathione S-transferase M1 and T1 genetic polymorphism in Egyptian patients with nonsegmental vitiligo. Clin Exp Dermatol 2012; 38:160-3. [PMID: 22681588 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2230.2012.04413.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress and accumulation of free radicals might play a role in the pathogenesis of vitiligo. Glutathione S-transferase (GST) is a multigene family of enzymes that detoxify oxidative stress products. In this study, genotyping by multiplex PCR of GSTM1 and GSTT1 in 101 women with nonsegmental vitiligo vulgaris and 101 age-matched healthy female volunteers showed that only the GSTM1 null genotype (P=0.04) was significantly overexpressed in patients with vitiligo. Analysis of the combined effect of GSTM1 and GSTT1 genotyping identified a significant association of risk for vitiligo with the GSTT1/GSTM1 double-null type only (P=0.01; OR=2.69; 95% CI 1.12-6.46). Age of onset of vitiligo was significantly earlier in patients with the T1 null genotype (P<0.01) and those with the T1-/M1+ and T1-/M1- combined genotypes (P<0.01 and P=0.01, respectively). In conclusion, the GSTM1 gene and the GSTM1/GSTT1 double-null genotype may be a risk factor for vitiligo in Egyptian patients. Inability to cope with oxidative stresses because of GST deficiency may cause early disease onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A Bassiouny
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Kasr El-Ainy University Hospital, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
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Ishihara Y, Kawami T, Ishida A, Yamazaki T. Tributyltin induces oxidative stress and neuronal injury by inhibiting glutathione S-transferase in rat organotypic hippocampal slice cultures. Neurochem Int 2012; 60:782-90. [PMID: 22449404 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2012.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2011] [Revised: 03/03/2012] [Accepted: 03/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Tributyltin (TBT) has been used as a heat stabilizer, agricultural pesticide and antifouling agents on ships, boats and fish-farming nets; however, the neurotoxicity of TBT has recently become a concern. TBT is suggested to stimulate the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) inside cells. The aim of this study was to determine the mechanism of neuronal oxidative injury induced by TBT using rat organotypic hippocampal slice cultures. The treatment of rat hippocampal slices with TBT induced ROS production, lipid peroxidation and cell death. Pretreatment with antioxidants such as superoxide dismutase, catalase or trolox, suppressed the above phenomena induced by TBT, indicating that TBT elicits oxidative stress in hippocampal slices, which causes neuronal cell death. TBT dose-dependently inhibited glutathione S-transferase (GST), but not glutathione peroxidase or glutathione reductase in the cytosol of rat hippocampus. The treatment of hippocampal slices with TBT decreased the GST activity. Pretreatment with reduced glutathione attenuated the reduction of GST activity and cell death induced by TBT, indicating that the decrease in GST activity by TBT is involved in hippocampal cell death. When hippocampal slices were treated with sulforaphane, the expression and activity of GST were increased. Notably, TBT-induced oxidative stress and cell death were significantly suppressed by pretreatment with sulforaphane. These results indicate that GST inhibition could contribute, at least in part, to the neuronal cell death induced by TBT in hippocampal slices. This study is the first report to show the link between neuronal oxidative injury and the GST inhibition elicited by TBT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Ishihara
- Graduate School of Integrated Arts and Sciences, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan.
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Guarneri F, Asmundo A, Sapienza D, Cannavò SP. Glutathione S-transferase M1/T1 gene polymorphisms and vitiligo in a Mediterranean population. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2011; 24:731-3. [PMID: 21615880 DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-148x.2011.00872.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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35
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van Geel N, Speeckaert R, Taieb A, Picardo M, Böhm M, Gawkrodger DJ, Schallreuter K, Bennett DC, van der Veen W, Whitton M, Moretti S, Westerhof W, Ezzedine K, Gauthier Y. Koebner’s phenomenon in vitiligo: European position paper. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2011; 24:564-73. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-148x.2011.00838.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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36
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Pecorelli A, Ciccoli L, Signorini C, Leoncini S, Giardini A, D'Esposito M, Filosa S, Hayek J, De Felice C, Valacchi G. Increased levels of 4HNE-protein plasma adducts in Rett syndrome. Clin Biochem 2011; 44:368-71. [PMID: 21276437 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2011.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2010] [Revised: 01/18/2011] [Accepted: 01/19/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Rett syndrome (RTT) is a neurological disorder and a leading cause of mental retardation in females. It is caused by mutations in methyl-CpG-binding protein 2 (MeCP2) gene and more rarely in cyclin-dependent kinase-like 5 (CDKL5) and forkhead box protein G1 (FOXG1) genes. Increased oxidative stress (OS) has been documented in MeCP2-RTT patients. Here, we evaluated the levels of 4-hydroxynonenal plasma protein adducts (4HNE-PAs) in MeCP2-, CDKL5-, and FOXG1-RTT and in their clinical variants. DESIGN AND METHODS 4HNE-PAs were determined by Western blot in plasma from healthy subjects and RTT patients. RESULTS 4HNE-PAs levels were increased in MeCP2- and CDKL5-related RTT but not in FOXG1-related RTT. CONCLUSION These results showed that OS is present in RTT clinical variants and could play a key role in RTT pathogenesis. Under the OS point of view FOXG1-related RTT appears to be distinct from the MeCP2/CDKL5, suggesting a distinct mechanism involved in its pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Pecorelli
- Department of Pathophysiology, Experimental Medicine and Public Health, University of Siena, Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
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De Luca C, Scordo MG, Cesareo E, Pastore S, Mariani S, Maiani G, Stancato A, Loreti B, Valacchi G, Lubrano C, Raskovic D, De Padova L, Genovesi G, Korkina LG. Biological definition of multiple chemical sensitivity from redox state and cytokine profiling and not from polymorphisms of xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2010; 248:285-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2010.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2010] [Revised: 04/18/2010] [Accepted: 04/20/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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