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Pascuali N, Pu Y, Waye AA, Pearl S, Martin D, Sutton A, Shikanov A, Veiga-Lopez A. Evaluation of Lipids and Lipid-Related Transcripts in Human and Ovine Theca Cells and an in Vitro Mouse Model Exposed to the Obesogen Chemical Tributyltin. Environ Health Perspect 2024; 132:47009. [PMID: 38630605 PMCID: PMC11023052 DOI: 10.1289/ehp13955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to obesogenic chemicals has been reported to result in enhanced adipogenesis, higher adipose tissue accumulation, and reduced ovarian hormonal synthesis and follicular function. We have reported that organotins [tributyltin (TBT) and triphenyltin (TPT)] dysregulate cholesterol trafficking in ovarian theca cells, but, whether organotins also exert lipogenic effects on ovarian cells remains unexplored. OBJECTIVE We investigated if environmentally relevant exposures to organotins [TBT, TPT, or dibutyltin (DBT)] induce lipid dysregulation in ovarian theca cells and the role of the liver X receptor (LXR) in this effect. We also tested the effect of TBT on oocyte maturation and neutral lipid accumulation, and lipid-related transcript expression in cumulus cells and preimplantation embryos. METHODS Primary theca cell cultures derived from human and ovine ovaries were exposed to TBT, TPT, or DBT (1, 10, or 50 ng / ml ). The effect of these chemical exposures on neutral lipid accumulation, lipid abundance and composition, lipid homeostasis-related gene expression, and cytokine secretion was evaluated using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), inhibitor-based methods, cytokine secretion, and lipid ontology analyses. We also exposed murine cumulus-oocyte complexes to TBT and evaluated oocyte maturation, embryo development, and lipid homeostasis-related mRNA expression in cumulus cells and blastocysts. RESULTS Exposure to TBT resulted in higher intracellular neutral lipids in human and ovine primary theca cells. In ovine theca cells, this effect was dose-dependent, independent of cell stage, and partially mediated by LXR. DBT and TPT resulted in higher intracellular neutral lipids but to a lesser extent in comparison with TBT. More than 140 lipids and 9 cytokines were dysregulated in TBT-exposed human theca cells. Expression of genes involved in lipogenesis and fatty acid synthesis were higher in theca cells, as well as in cumulus cells and blastocysts exposed to TBT. However, TBT did not impact the rates of oocyte maturation or blastocyst development. DISCUSSION TBT induced dyslipidemia in primary human and ovine theca cells, which may be responsible for some of the TBT-induced fertility dysregulations reported in rodent models of TBT exposure. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP13955.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Pascuali
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Yong Pu
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Anita A. Waye
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Sarah Pearl
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sparrow Health System, Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Denny Martin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sparrow Health System, Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Allison Sutton
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Ariella Shikanov
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Almudena Veiga-Lopez
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- The Chicago Center for Health and Environment, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Elsammak GA, Talaat A, Reda S. The possible ameliorative role of Lycopene on Tributyltin induced thyroid damage in adult male albino rats (histological, immunohistochemical and biochemical study). Ultrastruct Pathol 2023; 47:324-338. [PMID: 37125846 DOI: 10.1080/01913123.2023.2205922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Tributyltin is used in industrial applications. This current research aimed to study the effect of Tributyltin on the thyroid gland structure and function of adult male albino rats and the protective effect of Lycopene. Twenty-one male adult albino rats were classified into three groups: Control, treated that received Tributyltin, and protective that received Lycopene with Tributyltin. At the end of the experiment, blood samples were collected and T4, T3, and (TSH) were measured. Tissue superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were estimated. Thyroid gland specimens were processed for histological and immunohistochemical examination. Then morphometric and statistical analyses were done. The treated group showed affection in thyroid function and histological structure as vacuolated colloid and cytoplasm and dark nuclei. Ultrastructurally, follicular cells showed irregular shrunken nuclei, atrophied apical microvilli, vacuoles, multiple lysosomal granules, mitochondria with destructed cristae, and extensively dilated rough endoplasmic reticulum. There was increase in Caspase-3 immunoexpression and decrease in Beclin-1 immunoexpression. The thyroid structure and biochemical markers improved after Lycopene administration. The thyroid gland damage caused by Tributyltin is ameliorated by Lycopene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghada A Elsammak
- Medical Histology and cell biology Department, Zagazig University Faculty of Human Medicine, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Aliaa Talaat
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Zagazig University Faculty of Human Medicine, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Samar Reda
- Medical Histology and cell biology Department, Zagazig University Faculty of Human Medicine, Zagazig, Egypt
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Freid R, Hussein AI, Schlezinger JJ. Tributyltin protects against ovariectomy-induced trabecular bone loss in C57BL/6J mice with an attenuated effect in high fat fed mice. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2021; 431:115736. [PMID: 34619157 PMCID: PMC8545923 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2021.115736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Risk factors for poor bone quality include estrogen loss at menopause, a high fat diet and exposures to drugs/chemicals that activate peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARγ). We previously reported that the PPARγ and retinoid X receptor dual ligand, tributyltin (TBT), repressed periosteal bone formation but enhanced trabecular bone formation in vivo. Here, we examined the interaction of diet, ovariectomy (OVX) and TBT exposure on bone structure. C57BL/6J mice underwent either sham surgery or OVX at 10 weeks of age. At 12 weeks of age, they were placed on a low (10% kcal) or high (45% kcal) fat, sucrose-matched diet and treated with vehicle or TBT (1 or 5 mg/kg) for 14 weeks. OVX increased body weight gain in mice on either diet. TBT enhanced body weight gain in intact mice fed a high fat diet, but decreased weight gain in OVX mice. Elemental tin concentrations increased dose-dependently in bone. TBT had marginal effects on cortical and trabecular bone in intact mice fed either diet. OVX caused a reduction in cortical and trabecular bone, regardless of diet. In high fat fed OVX mice, TBT further reduced cortical thickness, bone area and total area. Interestingly, TBT protected against OVX-induced trabecular bone loss in low fat fed mice. The protective effect of TBT was nullified by the high fat. These results show that TBT protects against trabecular bone loss, even in the presence of a strongly resorptive environment, at an even lower level of exposure than we showed repressed homeostatic resorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Freid
- Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, USA
| | - Amira I Hussein
- Orthopaedic Surgery, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
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Celesia A, Morana O, Fiore T, Pellerito C, D’Anneo A, Lauricella M, Carlisi D, De Blasio A, Calvaruso G, Giuliano M, Emanuele S. ROS-Dependent ER Stress and Autophagy Mediate the Anti-Tumor Effects of Tributyltin (IV) Ferulate in Colon Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21218135. [PMID: 33143349 PMCID: PMC7663760 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Organotin compounds represent potential cancer therapeutics due to their pro-apoptotic action. We recently synthesized the novel organotin ferulic acid derivative tributyltin (IV) ferulate (TBT-F) and demonstrated that it displays anti-tumor properties in colon cancer cells related with autophagic cell death. The purpose of the present study was to elucidate the mechanism of TBT-F action in colon cancer cells. We specifically show that TBT-F-dependent autophagy is determined by a rapid generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and correlated with endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. TBT-F evoked nuclear factor erythroid-2 related factor 2 (Nrf2)-mediated antioxidant response and Nrf2 silencing by RNA interference markedly increased the anti-tumor efficacy of the compound. Moreover, as a consequence of ROS production, TBT-F increased the levels of glucose regulated protein 78 (Grp78) and C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP), two ER stress markers. Interestingly, Grp78 silencing produced significant decreasing effects on the levels of the autophagic proteins p62 and LC3-II, while only p62 decreased in CHOP-silenced cells. Taken together, these results indicate that ROS-dependent ER stress and autophagy play a major role in the TBT-F action mechanism in colon cancer cells and open a new perspective to consider the compound as a potential candidate for colon cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Celesia
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), Biochemistry Building, University of Palermo, Via del Vespro 129, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (A.C.); (M.L.); (D.C.)
| | - Ornella Morana
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Via del Vespro 129, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (O.M.); (A.D.); (A.D.B.); (G.C.)
| | - Tiziana Fiore
- Department of Physics and Chemistry “Emilio Segrè” (DiFC), University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Building 17, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (T.F.); (C.P.)
- Inter-University Consortium for Research on the Chemistry of Metal Ions in Biological Systems (C.I.R.C.M.S.B.), Piazza Umberto I, 1-70121 Bari, Italy
| | - Claudia Pellerito
- Department of Physics and Chemistry “Emilio Segrè” (DiFC), University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Building 17, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (T.F.); (C.P.)
- Inter-University Consortium for Research on the Chemistry of Metal Ions in Biological Systems (C.I.R.C.M.S.B.), Piazza Umberto I, 1-70121 Bari, Italy
| | - Antonella D’Anneo
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Via del Vespro 129, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (O.M.); (A.D.); (A.D.B.); (G.C.)
| | - Marianna Lauricella
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), Biochemistry Building, University of Palermo, Via del Vespro 129, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (A.C.); (M.L.); (D.C.)
| | - Daniela Carlisi
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), Biochemistry Building, University of Palermo, Via del Vespro 129, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (A.C.); (M.L.); (D.C.)
| | - Anna De Blasio
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Via del Vespro 129, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (O.M.); (A.D.); (A.D.B.); (G.C.)
| | - Giuseppe Calvaruso
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Via del Vespro 129, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (O.M.); (A.D.); (A.D.B.); (G.C.)
| | - Michela Giuliano
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Via del Vespro 129, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (O.M.); (A.D.); (A.D.B.); (G.C.)
- Correspondence: (M.G.); (S.E.)
| | - Sonia Emanuele
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), Biochemistry Building, University of Palermo, Via del Vespro 129, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (A.C.); (M.L.); (D.C.)
- Correspondence: (M.G.); (S.E.)
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Stossi F, Dandekar RD, Johnson H, Lavere P, Foulds CE, Mancini MG, Mancini MA. Tributyltin chloride (TBT) induces RXRA down-regulation and lipid accumulation in human liver cells. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0224405. [PMID: 31710612 PMCID: PMC6844554 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0224405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A subset of environmental chemicals acts as "obesogens" as they increase adipose mass and lipid content in livers of treated rodents. One of the most studied class of obesogens are the tin-containing chemicals that have as a central moiety tributyltin (TBT), which bind and activate two nuclear hormone receptors, Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor Gamma (PPARG) and Retinoid X Receptor Alpha (RXRA), at nanomolar concentrations. Here, we have tested whether TBT chloride at such concentrations may affect the neutral lipid level in two cell line models of human liver. Indeed, using high content image analysis (HCA), TBT significantly increased neutral lipid content in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. Consistent with the observed increased lipid accumulation, RNA fluorescence in situ hybridization (RNA FISH) and RT-qPCR experiments revealed that TBT enhanced the steady-state mRNA levels of two key genes for de novo lipogenesis, the transcription factor SREBF1 and its downstream enzymatic target, FASN. Importantly, pre-treatment of cells with 2-deoxy-D-glucose reduced TBT-mediated lipid accumulation, thereby suggesting a role for active glycolysis during the process of lipid accumulation. As other RXRA binding ligands can promote RXRA protein turnover via the 26S proteasome, TBT was tested for such an effect in the two liver cell lines. We found that TBT, in a time- and dose-dependent manner, significantly reduced steady-state RXRA levels in a proteasome-dependent manner. While TBT promotes both RXRA protein turnover and lipid accumulation, we found no correlation between these two events at the single cell level, thereby suggesting an additional mechanism may be involved in TBT promotion of lipid accumulation, such as glycolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Stossi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States of America
- Integrated Microscopy Core, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States of America
- GCC Center for Advanced Microscopy and Image Informatics, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Radhika D. Dandekar
- Integrated Microscopy Core, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Hannah Johnson
- Integrated Microscopy Core, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States of America
- GCC Center for Advanced Microscopy and Image Informatics, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Philip Lavere
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Charles E. Foulds
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States of America
- Center for Precision Environmental Health, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Maureen G. Mancini
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States of America
- GCC Center for Advanced Microscopy and Image Informatics, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Michael A. Mancini
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States of America
- Integrated Microscopy Core, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States of America
- GCC Center for Advanced Microscopy and Image Informatics, Houston, TX, United States of America
- Center for Precision Environmental Health, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States of America
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States of America
- Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center; Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States of America
- Center for Translational Cancer Research, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University, Houston, TX, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Qiu X, Iwasaki N, Chen K, Shimasaki Y, Oshima Y. Tributyltin and perfluorooctane sulfonate play a synergistic role in promoting excess fat accumulation in Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) via in ovo exposure. Chemosphere 2019; 220:687-695. [PMID: 30605811 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.12.191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The ubiquitous environmental obesogens tributyltin (TBT) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) may accumulate in parent and be transferred to their offspring, resulting in trans-generational adverse effects. In this study, we investigated the combined toxic and obesogenic effects of TBT and PFOS on the early life stages of Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes). In ovo nanoinjection was used to simulate the maternal transfer process. Doses were controlled at 0, 0.05, 0.5, and 2.5 ng/egg (TBT) and at 0, 0.05, 0.5, and 5.0 ng/egg (PFOS), with a full factorial design for mixture formulations. Relatively high doses of agents in mixtures were needed to induce significant mortality (TBT ≥ 0.5 ng/egg) or delayed hatching (PFOS = 5.0 ng/egg) of embryos. The interaction between TBT and PFOS in mixtures had significant effects on the observed hatching delay, but not on acute mortality. Compared with controls, separate exposure to TBT (or PFOS) notably elevated adipose areas at the doses of 0.05 and 0.5 ng/egg, but not at the highest doses. Combined exposure significantly promoted the fat accumulation in newly hatched larvae, even when the doses of TBT and PFOS were both at the levels that did not show obesogenic effect. The interactive effect of TBT and PFOS could aggravate the total obesogenic effect of their mixtures, indicating a synergistic interaction. These results highlight the importance of paying close attention to interaction effects when addressing the impacts of mixtures of environmental obesogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuchun Qiu
- Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, PR China; Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8581, Japan
| | - Naoto Iwasaki
- Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8581, Japan
| | - Kun Chen
- Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, PR China; Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8581, Japan
| | - Yohei Shimasaki
- Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8581, Japan
| | - Yuji Oshima
- Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8581, Japan.
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Shoucri BM, Hung VT, Chamorro-García R, Shioda T, Blumberg B. Retinoid X Receptor Activation During Adipogenesis of Female Mesenchymal Stem Cells Programs a Dysfunctional Adipocyte. Endocrinology 2018; 159:2863-2883. [PMID: 29860300 PMCID: PMC6669823 DOI: 10.1210/en.2018-00056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Early life exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) is an emerging risk factor for the development of obesity and diabetes later in life. We previously showed that prenatal exposure to the EDC tributyltin (TBT) results in increased adiposity in the offspring. These effects linger into adulthood and are propagated through successive generations. TBT activates two nuclear receptors, the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) γ and its heterodimeric partner retinoid X receptor (RXR), that promote adipogenesis in vivo and in vitro. We recently employed a mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) model to show that TBT promotes adipose lineage commitment by activating RXR, not PPARγ. This led us to consider the functional consequences of PPARγ vs RXR activation in developing adipocytes. We used a transcriptomal approach to characterize genome-wide differences in MSCs differentiated with the PPARγ agonist rosiglitazone (ROSI) or TBT. Pathway analysis suggested functional deficits in TBT-treated cells. We then compared adipocytes differentiated with ROSI, TBT, or a pure RXR agonist IRX4204 (4204). Our data show that RXR activators ("rexinoids," 4204 and TBT) attenuate glucose uptake, blunt expression of the antidiabetic hormone adiponectin, and fail to downregulate proinflammatory and profibrotic transcripts, as does ROSI. Finally, 4204 and TBT treatment results in an inability to induce markers of adipocyte browning, in part due to sustained interferon signaling. Taken together, these data implicate rexinoids in the development of dysfunctional white adipose tissue that could potentially exacerbate obesity and/or diabetes risk in vivo. These data warrant further screening and characterization of EDCs that activate RXR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bassem M Shoucri
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California
| | - Victor T Hung
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California
| | - Raquel Chamorro-García
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California
| | - Toshi Shioda
- Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts
| | - Bruce Blumberg
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California
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Shoucri BM, Martinez ES, Abreo TJ, Hung VT, Moosova Z, Shioda T, Blumberg B. Retinoid X Receptor Activation Alters the Chromatin Landscape To Commit Mesenchymal Stem Cells to the Adipose Lineage. Endocrinology 2017; 158:3109-3125. [PMID: 28977589 PMCID: PMC5659689 DOI: 10.1210/en.2017-00348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Developmental exposure to environmental factors has been linked to obesity risk later in life. Nuclear receptors are molecular sensors that play critical roles during development and, as such, are prime candidates to explain the developmental programming of disease risk by environmental chemicals. We have previously characterized the obesogen tributyltin (TBT), which activates the nuclear receptors peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and retinoid X receptor (RXR) to increase adiposity in mice exposed in utero. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from these mice are biased toward the adipose lineage at the expense of the osteoblast lineage, and MSCs exposed to TBT in vitro are shunted toward the adipose fate in a PPARγ-dependent fashion. To address where in the adipogenic cascade TBT acts, we developed an in vitro commitment assay that permitted us to distinguish early commitment to the adipose lineage from subsequent differentiation. TBT and RXR activators (rexinoids) had potent effects in committing MSCs to the adipose lineage, whereas the strong PPARγ activator rosiglitazone was inactive. We show that activation of RXR is sufficient for adipogenic commitment and that rexinoids act through RXR to alter the transcriptome in a manner favoring adipogenic commitment. RXR activation alters expression of enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) and modifies genome-wide histone 3 lysine 27 trimethylation (H3K27me3) in promoting adipose commitment and programming subsequent differentiation. These data offer insights into the roles of RXR and EZH2 in MSC lineage specification and shed light on how endocrine-disrupting chemicals such as TBT can reprogram stem cell fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bassem M. Shoucri
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697-2300
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697
| | - Eric S. Martinez
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697-2300
| | - Timothy J. Abreo
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697-2300
| | - Victor T. Hung
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697-2300
| | - Zdena Moosova
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697-2300
- Masaryk University, Faculty of Science, RECETOX, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Toshi Shioda
- Massachusetts General Hospital Center for Cancer Research and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129
| | - Bruce Blumberg
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697-2300
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697
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Ishida K, Aoki K, Takishita T, Miyara M, Sakamoto S, Sanoh S, Kimura T, Kanda Y, Ohta S, Kotake Y. Low-Concentration Tributyltin Decreases GluR2 Expression via Nuclear Respiratory Factor-1 Inhibition. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18081754. [PMID: 28800112 PMCID: PMC5578144 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18081754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Tributyltin (TBT), which has been widely used as an antifouling agent in paints, is a common environmental pollutant. Although the toxicity of high-dose TBT has been extensively reported, the effects of low concentrations of TBT are relatively less well studied. We have previously reported that low-concentration TBT decreases α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionic acid (AMPA)-type glutamate receptor subunit 2 (GluR2) expression in cortical neurons and enhances neuronal vulnerability to glutamate. However, the mechanism of this TBT-induced GluR2 decrease remains unknown. Therefore, we examined the effects of TBT on the activity of transcription factors that control GluR2 expression. Exposure of primary cortical neurons to 20 nM TBT for 3 h to 9 days resulted in a decrease in GluR2 mRNA expression. Moreover, TBT inhibited the DNA binding activity of nuclear respiratory factor-1 (NRF-1), a transcription factor that positively regulates the GluR2. This result indicates that TBT inhibits the activity of NRF-1 and subsequently decreases GluR2 expression. In addition, 20 nM TBT decreased the expression of genes such as cytochrome c, cytochrome c oxidase (COX) 4, and COX 6c, which are downstream of NRF-1. Our results suggest that NRF-1 inhibition is an important molecular action of the neurotoxicity induced by low-concentration TBT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keishi Ishida
- Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan.
- Research Fellow of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, 5-3-1 Kojimachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0083, Japan.
| | - Kaori Aoki
- Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan.
| | - Tomoko Takishita
- Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan.
| | - Masatsugu Miyara
- Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan.
| | - Shuichiro Sakamoto
- Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan.
| | - Seigo Sanoh
- Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan.
| | - Tomoki Kimura
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Setsunan University, 17-8 Ikedanakamachi, Neyagawa 572-8508, Japan.
| | - Yasunari Kanda
- Division of Pharmacology, National Institute of Health Sciences, 1-18-1, Kamiyoga, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 158-8501, Japan.
| | - Shigeru Ohta
- Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan.
| | - Yaichiro Kotake
- Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan.
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10
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Lu J, Feng J, Cai S, Chen Z. Metabolomic responses of Haliotis diversicolor to organotin compounds. Chemosphere 2017; 168:860-869. [PMID: 27839877 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.10.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Revised: 09/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Organotin compounds, especially tributyltin (TBT) and triphenyltin (TPT), are a group of hazardous pollutants in marine environments. Haliotis diversicolor is an important marine model organism for environmental science. In this study, 1H NMR spectroscopy together with pattern recognition methods was used to investigate the responses of hepatopancreas and gill of Haliotis diversicolor to TBT and TPT exposure. It was found that obvious gender-, tissue- and compound-specific metabolomic alterations were induced after a 28-day exposure. TBT and TPT exposure not only caused the disturbance in energy metabolism and osmotic balance in hepatopancreas and gill tissues with different mechanisms, but also induced oxidative stresses. These metabolic alterations were highlighted in the accumulation of aspartate, uridine diphosphate-N-acetylglucosamine, uridine diphosphate glucose, guanosine and the depletion of leucine, isoleucine, valine, malonate, homarine, trigonelline in all exposure gills, as well as in the depletion of ATP, AMP, betaine in male exposure gills and pantothenate in male exposure hepatopancreases. The significant decreased aromatic amino acids (AAAs), lysine and glutamate in gills and increased betaine in hepatopancreases for TPT exposure together with increased glutamate and decreased betaine in gills and increased glutamate and glycine in hepatopancreases for TBT exposure demonstrated their specific metabolic characteristics. Among these characteristic metabolites, AAAs, lysine and glutamate in the gill as well as pantothenate in the hepatopancreas might be identified as potential biomarkers for TPT or TBT exposure in Haliotis diversicolor. The results provide a useful insight into the toxicological mechanisms of organotin compounds on Haliotis diversicolor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Lu
- Department of Electronic Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plasma and Magnetic Resonance, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, PR China
| | - Jianghua Feng
- Department of Electronic Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plasma and Magnetic Resonance, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, PR China.
| | - Shuhui Cai
- Department of Electronic Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plasma and Magnetic Resonance, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, PR China.
| | - Zhong Chen
- Department of Electronic Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plasma and Magnetic Resonance, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, PR China
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11
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Merlo E, Podratz PL, Sena GC, de Araújo JFP, Lima LCF, Alves ISS, Gama-de-Souza LN, Pelição R, Rodrigues LCM, Brandão PAA, Carneiro MTWD, Pires RGW, Martins-Silva C, Alarcon TA, Miranda-Alves L, Silva IV, Graceli JB. The Environmental Pollutant Tributyltin Chloride Disrupts the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis at Different Levels in Female Rats. Endocrinology 2016; 157:2978-95. [PMID: 27267847 DOI: 10.1210/en.2015-1896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Tributyltin chloride (TBT) is an environmental contaminant that is used as a biocide in antifouling paints. TBT has been shown to induce endocrine-disrupting effects. However, studies evaluating the effects of TBT on the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis are especially rare. The current study demonstrates that exposure to TBT is critically responsible for the improper function of the mammalian HPA axis as well as the development of abnormal morphophysiology in the pituitary and adrenal glands. Female rats were treated with TBT, and their HPA axis morphophysiology was assessed. High CRH and low ACTH expression and high plasma corticosterone levels were detected in TBT rats. In addition, TBT leads to an increased in the inducible nitric oxide synthase protein expression in the hypothalamus of TBT rats. Morphophysiological abnormalities, including increases in inflammation, a disrupted cellular redox balance, apoptosis, and collagen deposition in the pituitary and adrenal glands, were observed in TBT rats. Increases in adiposity and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ protein expression in the adrenal gland were observed in TBT rats. Together, these data provide in vivo evidence that TBT leads to functional dissociation between CRH, ACTH, and costicosterone, which could be associated an inflammation and increased of inducible nitric oxide synthase expression in hypothalamus. Thus, TBT exerts toxic effects at different levels on the HPA axis function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Merlo
- Department of Morphology (E.M., P.L.P., G.C.S., J.F.P.d.A., I.S.S.A., L.N.G.-d.S., I.V.S., J.B.G.), Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória ES, 29040090 Brazil; Department of Biophysics and Physiology (L.C.F.L.), Federal University of Minas Gerais, Vitória ES, 29040090 Brazil; Department of Physiological Sciences (R.P., L.C.M.R., R.G.W.P., C.M.-S., T.A.A.), Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória ES, 29040090 Brazil; Department of Chemistry (P.A.A.B., M.T.W.D.C.), Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória ES, 29040090 Brazil; Experimental Endocrinology Research Group (L.M.-A.), Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Vitória ES, 29040090 Brazil; and Postgraduate Program in Endocrinology (L.M.-A.), School of Medicine, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Vitória ES, 29040090 Brazil
| | - Priscila L Podratz
- Department of Morphology (E.M., P.L.P., G.C.S., J.F.P.d.A., I.S.S.A., L.N.G.-d.S., I.V.S., J.B.G.), Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória ES, 29040090 Brazil; Department of Biophysics and Physiology (L.C.F.L.), Federal University of Minas Gerais, Vitória ES, 29040090 Brazil; Department of Physiological Sciences (R.P., L.C.M.R., R.G.W.P., C.M.-S., T.A.A.), Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória ES, 29040090 Brazil; Department of Chemistry (P.A.A.B., M.T.W.D.C.), Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória ES, 29040090 Brazil; Experimental Endocrinology Research Group (L.M.-A.), Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Vitória ES, 29040090 Brazil; and Postgraduate Program in Endocrinology (L.M.-A.), School of Medicine, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Vitória ES, 29040090 Brazil
| | - Gabriela C Sena
- Department of Morphology (E.M., P.L.P., G.C.S., J.F.P.d.A., I.S.S.A., L.N.G.-d.S., I.V.S., J.B.G.), Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória ES, 29040090 Brazil; Department of Biophysics and Physiology (L.C.F.L.), Federal University of Minas Gerais, Vitória ES, 29040090 Brazil; Department of Physiological Sciences (R.P., L.C.M.R., R.G.W.P., C.M.-S., T.A.A.), Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória ES, 29040090 Brazil; Department of Chemistry (P.A.A.B., M.T.W.D.C.), Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória ES, 29040090 Brazil; Experimental Endocrinology Research Group (L.M.-A.), Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Vitória ES, 29040090 Brazil; and Postgraduate Program in Endocrinology (L.M.-A.), School of Medicine, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Vitória ES, 29040090 Brazil
| | - Julia F P de Araújo
- Department of Morphology (E.M., P.L.P., G.C.S., J.F.P.d.A., I.S.S.A., L.N.G.-d.S., I.V.S., J.B.G.), Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória ES, 29040090 Brazil; Department of Biophysics and Physiology (L.C.F.L.), Federal University of Minas Gerais, Vitória ES, 29040090 Brazil; Department of Physiological Sciences (R.P., L.C.M.R., R.G.W.P., C.M.-S., T.A.A.), Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória ES, 29040090 Brazil; Department of Chemistry (P.A.A.B., M.T.W.D.C.), Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória ES, 29040090 Brazil; Experimental Endocrinology Research Group (L.M.-A.), Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Vitória ES, 29040090 Brazil; and Postgraduate Program in Endocrinology (L.M.-A.), School of Medicine, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Vitória ES, 29040090 Brazil
| | - Leandro C F Lima
- Department of Morphology (E.M., P.L.P., G.C.S., J.F.P.d.A., I.S.S.A., L.N.G.-d.S., I.V.S., J.B.G.), Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória ES, 29040090 Brazil; Department of Biophysics and Physiology (L.C.F.L.), Federal University of Minas Gerais, Vitória ES, 29040090 Brazil; Department of Physiological Sciences (R.P., L.C.M.R., R.G.W.P., C.M.-S., T.A.A.), Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória ES, 29040090 Brazil; Department of Chemistry (P.A.A.B., M.T.W.D.C.), Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória ES, 29040090 Brazil; Experimental Endocrinology Research Group (L.M.-A.), Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Vitória ES, 29040090 Brazil; and Postgraduate Program in Endocrinology (L.M.-A.), School of Medicine, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Vitória ES, 29040090 Brazil
| | - Izabela S S Alves
- Department of Morphology (E.M., P.L.P., G.C.S., J.F.P.d.A., I.S.S.A., L.N.G.-d.S., I.V.S., J.B.G.), Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória ES, 29040090 Brazil; Department of Biophysics and Physiology (L.C.F.L.), Federal University of Minas Gerais, Vitória ES, 29040090 Brazil; Department of Physiological Sciences (R.P., L.C.M.R., R.G.W.P., C.M.-S., T.A.A.), Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória ES, 29040090 Brazil; Department of Chemistry (P.A.A.B., M.T.W.D.C.), Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória ES, 29040090 Brazil; Experimental Endocrinology Research Group (L.M.-A.), Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Vitória ES, 29040090 Brazil; and Postgraduate Program in Endocrinology (L.M.-A.), School of Medicine, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Vitória ES, 29040090 Brazil
| | - Letícia N Gama-de-Souza
- Department of Morphology (E.M., P.L.P., G.C.S., J.F.P.d.A., I.S.S.A., L.N.G.-d.S., I.V.S., J.B.G.), Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória ES, 29040090 Brazil; Department of Biophysics and Physiology (L.C.F.L.), Federal University of Minas Gerais, Vitória ES, 29040090 Brazil; Department of Physiological Sciences (R.P., L.C.M.R., R.G.W.P., C.M.-S., T.A.A.), Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória ES, 29040090 Brazil; Department of Chemistry (P.A.A.B., M.T.W.D.C.), Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória ES, 29040090 Brazil; Experimental Endocrinology Research Group (L.M.-A.), Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Vitória ES, 29040090 Brazil; and Postgraduate Program in Endocrinology (L.M.-A.), School of Medicine, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Vitória ES, 29040090 Brazil
| | - Renan Pelição
- Department of Morphology (E.M., P.L.P., G.C.S., J.F.P.d.A., I.S.S.A., L.N.G.-d.S., I.V.S., J.B.G.), Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória ES, 29040090 Brazil; Department of Biophysics and Physiology (L.C.F.L.), Federal University of Minas Gerais, Vitória ES, 29040090 Brazil; Department of Physiological Sciences (R.P., L.C.M.R., R.G.W.P., C.M.-S., T.A.A.), Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória ES, 29040090 Brazil; Department of Chemistry (P.A.A.B., M.T.W.D.C.), Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória ES, 29040090 Brazil; Experimental Endocrinology Research Group (L.M.-A.), Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Vitória ES, 29040090 Brazil; and Postgraduate Program in Endocrinology (L.M.-A.), School of Medicine, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Vitória ES, 29040090 Brazil
| | - Lívia C M Rodrigues
- Department of Morphology (E.M., P.L.P., G.C.S., J.F.P.d.A., I.S.S.A., L.N.G.-d.S., I.V.S., J.B.G.), Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória ES, 29040090 Brazil; Department of Biophysics and Physiology (L.C.F.L.), Federal University of Minas Gerais, Vitória ES, 29040090 Brazil; Department of Physiological Sciences (R.P., L.C.M.R., R.G.W.P., C.M.-S., T.A.A.), Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória ES, 29040090 Brazil; Department of Chemistry (P.A.A.B., M.T.W.D.C.), Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória ES, 29040090 Brazil; Experimental Endocrinology Research Group (L.M.-A.), Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Vitória ES, 29040090 Brazil; and Postgraduate Program in Endocrinology (L.M.-A.), School of Medicine, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Vitória ES, 29040090 Brazil
| | - Poliane A A Brandão
- Department of Morphology (E.M., P.L.P., G.C.S., J.F.P.d.A., I.S.S.A., L.N.G.-d.S., I.V.S., J.B.G.), Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória ES, 29040090 Brazil; Department of Biophysics and Physiology (L.C.F.L.), Federal University of Minas Gerais, Vitória ES, 29040090 Brazil; Department of Physiological Sciences (R.P., L.C.M.R., R.G.W.P., C.M.-S., T.A.A.), Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória ES, 29040090 Brazil; Department of Chemistry (P.A.A.B., M.T.W.D.C.), Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória ES, 29040090 Brazil; Experimental Endocrinology Research Group (L.M.-A.), Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Vitória ES, 29040090 Brazil; and Postgraduate Program in Endocrinology (L.M.-A.), School of Medicine, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Vitória ES, 29040090 Brazil
| | - Maria T W D Carneiro
- Department of Morphology (E.M., P.L.P., G.C.S., J.F.P.d.A., I.S.S.A., L.N.G.-d.S., I.V.S., J.B.G.), Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória ES, 29040090 Brazil; Department of Biophysics and Physiology (L.C.F.L.), Federal University of Minas Gerais, Vitória ES, 29040090 Brazil; Department of Physiological Sciences (R.P., L.C.M.R., R.G.W.P., C.M.-S., T.A.A.), Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória ES, 29040090 Brazil; Department of Chemistry (P.A.A.B., M.T.W.D.C.), Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória ES, 29040090 Brazil; Experimental Endocrinology Research Group (L.M.-A.), Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Vitória ES, 29040090 Brazil; and Postgraduate Program in Endocrinology (L.M.-A.), School of Medicine, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Vitória ES, 29040090 Brazil
| | - Rita G W Pires
- Department of Morphology (E.M., P.L.P., G.C.S., J.F.P.d.A., I.S.S.A., L.N.G.-d.S., I.V.S., J.B.G.), Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória ES, 29040090 Brazil; Department of Biophysics and Physiology (L.C.F.L.), Federal University of Minas Gerais, Vitória ES, 29040090 Brazil; Department of Physiological Sciences (R.P., L.C.M.R., R.G.W.P., C.M.-S., T.A.A.), Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória ES, 29040090 Brazil; Department of Chemistry (P.A.A.B., M.T.W.D.C.), Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória ES, 29040090 Brazil; Experimental Endocrinology Research Group (L.M.-A.), Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Vitória ES, 29040090 Brazil; and Postgraduate Program in Endocrinology (L.M.-A.), School of Medicine, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Vitória ES, 29040090 Brazil
| | - Cristina Martins-Silva
- Department of Morphology (E.M., P.L.P., G.C.S., J.F.P.d.A., I.S.S.A., L.N.G.-d.S., I.V.S., J.B.G.), Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória ES, 29040090 Brazil; Department of Biophysics and Physiology (L.C.F.L.), Federal University of Minas Gerais, Vitória ES, 29040090 Brazil; Department of Physiological Sciences (R.P., L.C.M.R., R.G.W.P., C.M.-S., T.A.A.), Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória ES, 29040090 Brazil; Department of Chemistry (P.A.A.B., M.T.W.D.C.), Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória ES, 29040090 Brazil; Experimental Endocrinology Research Group (L.M.-A.), Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Vitória ES, 29040090 Brazil; and Postgraduate Program in Endocrinology (L.M.-A.), School of Medicine, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Vitória ES, 29040090 Brazil
| | - Tamara A Alarcon
- Department of Morphology (E.M., P.L.P., G.C.S., J.F.P.d.A., I.S.S.A., L.N.G.-d.S., I.V.S., J.B.G.), Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória ES, 29040090 Brazil; Department of Biophysics and Physiology (L.C.F.L.), Federal University of Minas Gerais, Vitória ES, 29040090 Brazil; Department of Physiological Sciences (R.P., L.C.M.R., R.G.W.P., C.M.-S., T.A.A.), Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória ES, 29040090 Brazil; Department of Chemistry (P.A.A.B., M.T.W.D.C.), Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória ES, 29040090 Brazil; Experimental Endocrinology Research Group (L.M.-A.), Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Vitória ES, 29040090 Brazil; and Postgraduate Program in Endocrinology (L.M.-A.), School of Medicine, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Vitória ES, 29040090 Brazil
| | - Leandro Miranda-Alves
- Department of Morphology (E.M., P.L.P., G.C.S., J.F.P.d.A., I.S.S.A., L.N.G.-d.S., I.V.S., J.B.G.), Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória ES, 29040090 Brazil; Department of Biophysics and Physiology (L.C.F.L.), Federal University of Minas Gerais, Vitória ES, 29040090 Brazil; Department of Physiological Sciences (R.P., L.C.M.R., R.G.W.P., C.M.-S., T.A.A.), Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória ES, 29040090 Brazil; Department of Chemistry (P.A.A.B., M.T.W.D.C.), Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória ES, 29040090 Brazil; Experimental Endocrinology Research Group (L.M.-A.), Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Vitória ES, 29040090 Brazil; and Postgraduate Program in Endocrinology (L.M.-A.), School of Medicine, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Vitória ES, 29040090 Brazil
| | - Ian V Silva
- Department of Morphology (E.M., P.L.P., G.C.S., J.F.P.d.A., I.S.S.A., L.N.G.-d.S., I.V.S., J.B.G.), Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória ES, 29040090 Brazil; Department of Biophysics and Physiology (L.C.F.L.), Federal University of Minas Gerais, Vitória ES, 29040090 Brazil; Department of Physiological Sciences (R.P., L.C.M.R., R.G.W.P., C.M.-S., T.A.A.), Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória ES, 29040090 Brazil; Department of Chemistry (P.A.A.B., M.T.W.D.C.), Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória ES, 29040090 Brazil; Experimental Endocrinology Research Group (L.M.-A.), Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Vitória ES, 29040090 Brazil; and Postgraduate Program in Endocrinology (L.M.-A.), School of Medicine, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Vitória ES, 29040090 Brazil
| | - Jones B Graceli
- Department of Morphology (E.M., P.L.P., G.C.S., J.F.P.d.A., I.S.S.A., L.N.G.-d.S., I.V.S., J.B.G.), Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória ES, 29040090 Brazil; Department of Biophysics and Physiology (L.C.F.L.), Federal University of Minas Gerais, Vitória ES, 29040090 Brazil; Department of Physiological Sciences (R.P., L.C.M.R., R.G.W.P., C.M.-S., T.A.A.), Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória ES, 29040090 Brazil; Department of Chemistry (P.A.A.B., M.T.W.D.C.), Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória ES, 29040090 Brazil; Experimental Endocrinology Research Group (L.M.-A.), Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Vitória ES, 29040090 Brazil; and Postgraduate Program in Endocrinology (L.M.-A.), School of Medicine, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Vitória ES, 29040090 Brazil
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Whalen MM, Odman-Ghazi SO. Effects of adenylyl cyclase and protein kinase A inhibition on signaling enzymes in natural killer cells: comparison to tributyltin. Hum Exp Toxicol 2016; 25:333-40. [PMID: 16866191 DOI: 10.1191/0960327106ht630oa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are lymphocytes capable of destroying tumor cells and virally-infected cells without prior sensitization. In a previous study, we found that inhibition of adenylyl cyclase (AC) or cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) decreased the ability of NK cells to destroy tumor cells. We also found that the environmental contaminant tributyltin (TBT), at concentrations of 300 500 nM, decreased tumor-cell lysis by NK cells, as well as their intracellular levels of cAMP. This suggested that the decreases in cAMP associated with TBT (300 500 nM) may, in part, be responsible for loss of cytotoxic function. Here, we investigated the effects of inhibition of AC or PKA on enzymes that are required in the NK tumorolytic process and compared them to those of TBT exposure. The enzymes studied were: the protein tyrosine kinase (PTK), syk; phospholipase C gamma1 (PLCg1); and the mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK), p44/42. Exposure of NK cells to the AC inhibitor 2?,5?-dideoxyadenosine (DDA) significantly increased the total level of PLCg1 by 67% after 60 min and the level of p44/42 by about 30%. Exposure to the PKA inhibitor H-89 significantly increased the levels of the phosphorylated (activated) p44/42 (90%) after 60 min. Exposure to TBT increased the levels of PLCg1 by about 50%. Previously, we found that exposure to TBT increased the phosphorylation of p44/42 within 5 min. These results indicate that AC inhibition caused alterations of the levels of key enzymes, while decreased PKA activity caused an increase in p44/42 activation. They also suggest that the effects of decreased levels of cAMP on these key cytotoxic signaling proteins may overlap, to a very limited extent, with those of TBT.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Whalen
- Department of Chemistry, Tennessee State University, Nashville, TN 37209, USA.
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Mengeling BJ, Murk AJ, Furlow JD. Trialkyltin Rexinoid-X Receptor Agonists Selectively Potentiate Thyroid Hormone Induced Programs of Xenopus laevis Metamorphosis. Endocrinology 2016; 157:2712-23. [PMID: 27167774 DOI: 10.1210/en.2016-1062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The trialkyltins tributyltin (TBT) and triphenyltin (TPT) can function as rexinoid-X receptor (RXR) agonists. We recently showed that RXR agonists can alter thyroid hormone (TH) signaling in a mammalian pituitary TH-responsive reporter cell line, GH3.TRE-Luc. The prevalence of TBT and TPT in the environment prompted us to test whether they could also affect TH signaling. Both trialkyltins induced the integrated luciferase reporter alone and potentiated TH activation at low doses. Trimethyltin, which is not an RXR agonist, did not. We turned to a simple, robust, and specific in vivo model system of TH action: metamorphosis of Xenopus laevis, the African clawed frog. Using a precocious metamorphosis assay, we found that 1nM TBT and TPT, but not trimethyltin, greatly potentiated the effect of TH treatment on resorption phenotypes of the tail, which is lost at metamorphosis, and in the head, which undergoes extensive remodeling including gill loss. Consistent with these responses, TH-induced caspase-3 activation in the tail was enhanced by cotreatment with TBT. Induction of a transgenic reporter gene and endogenous collagenase 3 (mmp13) and fibroblast-activating protein-α (fap) genes were not induced by TBT alone, but TH induction was significantly potentiated by TBT. However, induction of other TH receptor target genes such as TRβ and deiodinase 3 by TH were not affected by TBT cotreatment. These data indicate that trialkyltins that can function as RXR agonists can selectively potentiate gene expression and resultant morphological programs directed by TH signaling in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda J Mengeling
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology and Behavior (B.J.M., J.D.F.), University of California Davis, Davis, California 95695; and Marine Animal Ecology Group (A.J.M.), Wageningen University, 6700 AH Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Albertinka J Murk
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology and Behavior (B.J.M., J.D.F.), University of California Davis, Davis, California 95695; and Marine Animal Ecology Group (A.J.M.), Wageningen University, 6700 AH Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - J David Furlow
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology and Behavior (B.J.M., J.D.F.), University of California Davis, Davis, California 95695; and Marine Animal Ecology Group (A.J.M.), Wageningen University, 6700 AH Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Ribeiro Júnior RF, Marques VB, Nunes DO, Ronconi KDS, de Araújo JFP, Rodrigues PL, Padilha AS, Vassallo DV, Graceli JB, Stefanon I. Tributyltin chloride increases phenylephrine-induced contraction and vascular stiffness in mesenteric resistance arteries from female rats. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2016; 295:26-36. [PMID: 26873547 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2016.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Revised: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Tributyltin chloride (TBT) is an organotin compound that reduces estrogen levels in female rats. We aimed to investigate the effects of TBT exposure on vascular tonus and vascular remodelling in the resistance arteries of female rats. Rats were treated daily with TBT (500 ng/kg) for 15 days. TBT did not change arterial blood pressure but did modify some morpho-physiological parameters of third-order mesenteric resistance arteries in the following ways: (1) decreased lumen and external diameters; (2) increased wall/lm ratio and wall thickness; (3) decreased distensibility and increased stiffness; (4) increased collagen deposition; and (5) increased pulse wave velocity. TBT exposure increased the phenylephrine-induced contractile response in mesenteric resistance arteries. However, vasodilatation responses induced by acetylcholine and sodium nitroprusside were not modified by TBT. It is suggested that TBT exposure reduces vascular nitric oxide (NO) production, because:(1) L-NAME incubation did not cause a leftward shift in the concentration-response curve for phenylephrine; (2) both eNOS protein expression; (3) in situ NO production were reduced. Incubation with L-NAME; and (4) SOD shifted the phenylephrine response curve to the left in TBT rats. Tiron, catalase, ML-171 and VAS2870 decreased vascular reactivity to phenylephrine only in TBT rats. Moreover, increased superoxide anion production was observed in the mesenteric resistance arteries of TBT rats accompanied by an increase in gp91phox, catalase, AT1 receptor and total ERK1/2 protein expression. In conclusion, these findings show that TBT induced alterations are most likely due to a reduction of NO production combined with increased O2(-) production derived from NADPH oxidase and ERK1/2 activation. These findings offer further evidence that TBT is an environmental risk factor for cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dieli Oliveira Nunes
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitoria, ES, Brazil
| | | | | | - Paula Lopes Rodrigues
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitoria, ES, Brazil
| | | | | | - Jones B Graceli
- Department of Morphology, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Ivanita Stefanon
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitoria, ES, Brazil
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15
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Lyssimachou A, Santos JG, André A, Soares J, Lima D, Guimarães L, Almeida CMR, Teixeira C, Castro LFC, Santos MM. The Mammalian "Obesogen" Tributyltin Targets Hepatic Triglyceride Accumulation and the Transcriptional Regulation of Lipid Metabolism in the Liver and Brain of Zebrafish. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0143911. [PMID: 26633012 PMCID: PMC4669123 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0143911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent findings indicate that different Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals (EDCs) interfere with lipid metabolic pathways in mammals and promote fat accumulation, a previously unknown site of action for these compounds. The antifoulant and environmental pollutant tributyltin (TBT), which causes imposex in gastropod snails, induces an “obesogenic” phenotype in mammals, through the activation of the nuclear receptors retinoid X receptor (RXR) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ). In teleosts, the effects of TBT on the lipid metabolism are poorly understood, particularly following exposure to low, environmental concentrations. In this context, the present work shows that exposure of zebrafish to 10 and 50 ng/L of TBT (as Sn) from pre-hatch to 9 months of age alters the body weight, condition factor, hepatosomatic index and hepatic triglycerides in a gender and dose related manner. Furthermore, TBT modulated the transcription of key lipid regulating factors and enzymes involved in adipogenesis, lipogenesis, glucocorticoid metabolism, growth and development in the brain and liver of exposed fish, revealing sexual dimorphic effects in the latter. Overall, the present study shows that the model mammalian obesogen TBT interferes with triglyceride accumulation and the transcriptional regulation of lipid metabolism in zebrafish and indentifies the brain lipogenic transcription profile of fish as a new target of this compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angeliki Lyssimachou
- CIMAR/CIIMAR-AL, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Rua dos Bragas 289, 4050–123, Porto, Portugal
- * E-mail: (AL); (LFCC); (MMS)
| | - Joana G. Santos
- CIMAR/CIIMAR-AL, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Rua dos Bragas 289, 4050–123, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana André
- CIMAR/CIIMAR-AL, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Rua dos Bragas 289, 4050–123, Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana Soares
- CIMAR/CIIMAR-AL, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Rua dos Bragas 289, 4050–123, Porto, Portugal
| | - Daniela Lima
- CIMAR/CIIMAR-AL, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Rua dos Bragas 289, 4050–123, Porto, Portugal
| | - Laura Guimarães
- CIMAR/CIIMAR-AL, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Rua dos Bragas 289, 4050–123, Porto, Portugal
| | - C. Marisa R. Almeida
- CIMAR/CIIMAR-AL, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Rua dos Bragas 289, 4050–123, Porto, Portugal
| | - Catarina Teixeira
- CIMAR/CIIMAR-AL, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Rua dos Bragas 289, 4050–123, Porto, Portugal
| | - L. Filipe C. Castro
- CIMAR/CIIMAR-AL, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Rua dos Bragas 289, 4050–123, Porto, Portugal
- * E-mail: (AL); (LFCC); (MMS)
| | - Miguel M. Santos
- CIMAR/CIIMAR-AL, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Rua dos Bragas 289, 4050–123, Porto, Portugal
- FCUP–Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- * E-mail: (AL); (LFCC); (MMS)
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16
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Sharan S, Nikhil K, Roy P. Disruption of thyroid hormone functions by low dose exposure of tributyltin: an in vitro and in vivo approach. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2014; 206:155-65. [PMID: 25101840 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2014.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2013] [Revised: 07/21/2014] [Accepted: 07/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Triorganotins, such as tributyltin chloride (TBTCl), are environmental contaminants that are commonly found in the antifouling paints used in ships and other vessels. The importance of TBTCl as an endocrine-disrupting chemical (EDC) in different animal models is well known; however, its adverse effects on the thyroid gland are less understood. Hence, in the present study, we aimed to evaluate the thyroid-disrupting effects of this chemical using both in vitro and in vivo approaches. We used HepG2 hepatocarcinoma cells for the in vitro studies, as they are a thyroid hormone receptor (TR)-positive and thyroid responsive cell line. For the in vivo studies, Swiss albino male mice were exposed to three doses of TBTCl (0.5, 5 and 50μg/kg/day) for 45days. TBTCl showed a hypo-thyroidal effect in vivo. Low-dose treatment of TBTCl exposure markedly decreased the serum thyroid hormone levels via the down-regulation of the thyroid peroxidase (TPO) and thyroglobulin (Tg) genes by 40% and 25%, respectively, while augmenting the thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels. Thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR) expression was up-regulated in the thyroid glands of treated mice by 6.6-fold relative to vehicle-treated mice (p<0.05). In the transient transactivation assays, TBTCl suppressed T3 mediated transcriptional activity in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, TBTCl was found to decrease the expression of TR. The present study thus indicates that low concentrations of TBTCl suppress TR transcription by disrupting the physiological concentrations of T3/T4, followed by the recruitment of NCoR to TR, providing a novel insight into the thyroid hormone-disrupting effects of this chemical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shruti Sharan
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247 667, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Kumar Nikhil
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247 667, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Partha Roy
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247 667, Uttarakhand, India.
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Ohta M, Nakamura K, Kubo T, Suzuki T. Detoxification Effect of Iron-encaging Zeolite-processed Water in Tributyltin-intoxicated Euglena gracilis Z. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2014; 65:14-21. [PMID: 11272817 DOI: 10.1271/bbb.65.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
In our previous paper, we reported the restoration promoting effects of mineral-encaging zeolite-processed water, especially of a Fe-encaging one, on tributyltin chloride (TBTCl)-intoxicated Euglena gracilis. This present study extends the investigation on the behavior of TBTCl and a xenobiotic enzyme, cytochrome P-450, in Euglena cells incubated with or without Fe-encaging zeolite-processed water (FeZW). Subcellular fractionation of TBTCl-intoxicated Euglena cells, atomic absorption spectrophotometry, and GC analyses showed that TBTCl was rapidly incorporated into the cells to halt cell motility. GC-MS showed that FeZW promoted conversion of TBTCl to dibutyltin (DBT) as the major metabolite in the microsomal fraction of the cells. An in vitro incubation system with heat-treated microsomes did not convert TBTCl to DBT. The contribution of cytochrome P-450 in the microsomal fraction was suggested by an immunochemical method. The results suggest that the improvement of detoxification by FeZW in the TBT-intoxicated Euglena cells should be due to activation of biotransformation system of the Euglena cells by FeZW.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ohta
- Department of Marine Bioresources, Faculty of Fisheries, Hokkaido University, Hakodate, Japan
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18
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Johnson B, Opimba M, Bernier J. Implications of the O-GlcNAc modification in the regulation of nuclear apoptosis in T cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2013; 1840:191-8. [PMID: 24035784 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2013.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2013] [Revised: 08/12/2013] [Accepted: 09/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is a nutrient-/stress-sensitive post-translational modification that affects nucleocytoplasmic proteins. The enzyme O-N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT) catalyzes the addition of O-GlcNAc, whereas O-N-acetylglucosaminidase (OGA) removes it. O-GlcNAcylation plays a role in fundamental regulatory mechanisms through the modification of proteins involved in cell division, metabolism, transcription, cell signaling and apoptosis. The effects of O-GlcNAcylation on apoptosis appear to be cell-dependent, as elevated levels played a protective role in primary neonatal rat ventricular myocytes but had a cytotoxic effect in rat pancreatic β-cells. The aim of the current study was to determine the implications of the O-GlcNAc modification on T cell apoptosis. METHODS Human T lymphoblastic HPB-ALL cells were treated with the OGA inhibitor O-(2-acetamido-2-deoxy-d-glucopyranosylidene) amino-N-phenylcarbamate (PUGNAc), or with glucosamine (GlcN), to increase O-GlcNAcylation. Apoptosis was induced in the presence of tributyltin (TBT). DNA fragmentation was observed by cell cycle analysis and corresponded to the sub G0/G1 population. O-GlcNAcylated proteins were detected by immunoblot using a specific antibody (ctd110.6) and were precipitated using succinylated wheat germ agglutinin (sWGA). RESULTS HPB-ALL cells treated with PUGNAc displayed a significant reduction in DNA fragmentation after TBT-induced apoptosis. DFF45, the protein that inhibits the endonuclease DFF40, was identified to be O-GlcNAc modified. O-GlcNAcylated DFF45 appeared to be more resistant to caspase cleavage during apoptosis. Our results suggest that a decrease in the O-GlcNAc modification on DFF45 occurs before its cleavage by caspase. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Our results indicate that the O-GlcNAcylation of DFF45 may represent a mechanism to control the accidental activation of DFF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Johnson
- INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, 531 Boul. des Prairies, Laval, QC H7V1B7, Canada
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Pereira-Fernandes A, Vanparys C, Hectors TLM, Vergauwen L, Knapen D, Jorens PG, Blust R. Unraveling the mode of action of an obesogen: mechanistic analysis of the model obesogen tributyltin in the 3T3-L1 cell line. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2013; 370:52-64. [PMID: 23428407 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2013.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2012] [Revised: 02/12/2013] [Accepted: 02/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Obesogenic compounds are chemicals that have an influence on obesity development. This study was designed to unravel the molecular mechanisms of the model obesogen TBT, using microarray analysis in the 3T3-L1 in vitro system, and to evaluate the use of toxicogenomics for obesogen screening. The microarray results revealed enrichment of Gene Ontology terms involved in energy and fat metabolism after 10 days of TBT exposure. Pathway analysis unveiled PPAR signalling pathway as the sole pathway significantly enriched after 1 day and the most significantly enriched pathway after 10 days of exposure. To our knowledge, this is the first study delivering an in depth mechanistic outline of the mode of action of TBT as an obesogen, combining effects on both cell physiological and gene expression level. Furthermore, our results show that combining transcriptomics with 3T3-L1 cells is a promising tool for screening of potential obesogenic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Pereira-Fernandes
- Systemic Physiological and Ecotoxicological Research (SPHERE), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerpen, Belgium.
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Abstract
Obesogens are chemicals that directly or indirectly lead to increased fat accumulation and obesity. Obesogens have the potential to disrupt multiple metabolic signalling pathways in the developing organism that can result in permanent changes in adult physiology. Prenatal or perinatal exposure to obesogenic endocrine disrupting chemicals has been shown to predispose an organism to store more fat from the beginning of its life. For example, excess oestrogen or cortisol exposure in the womb or during early life resulted in an increased susceptibility to obesity and metabolic syndrome later in life. This review focuses on the effects of environmental chemicals, such as the model obesogen, tributyltin (TBT), on the development of obesity. We discuss evidence linking the obesogenic effects of TBT with its ability to activate the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma and stimulate adipogenesis. We also discuss how TBT and other environmental obesogens may lead to epigenetic changes that predispose exposed individuals to subsequent weight gain and obesity. This suggests that humans, who have been exposed to obesogenic chemicals during sensitive windows of development, might be pre-programmed to store increased amounts of fat, resulting in a lifelong struggle to maintain a healthy weight and exacerbating the deleterious effects of poor diet and inadequate exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Janesick
- Departments of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-2300, USA.
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21
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Pinna D, Salvadori B, Galeotti M. Monitoring the performance of innovative and traditional biocides mixed with consolidants and water-repellents for the prevention of biological growth on stone. Sci Total Environ 2012; 423:132-141. [PMID: 22401787 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2011] [Revised: 01/30/2012] [Accepted: 02/08/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
In this study, some mixtures of consolidants or water-repellent products and biocides developed to prevent biological growth, were tested over time on three stone substrates with different bioreceptivity. The performance of both traditional (tetraethylorthosilicate, methylethoxy polysiloxane, Paraloid B72, tributyltin oxide, dibutyltin dilaurate) and innovative compounds (copper nanoparticles) was assessed using colour measurements, the water absorption by contact sponge method, and observation under stereo and optical microscopes. The application of the mixtures had also the purpose of controlling re-colonization on stone after a conservation treatment. The study site was the archaeological Area of Fiesole; the mixtures were applied in situ to sandstone, marble and plaster which had been cleaned beforehand. An innovative aspect of the study is that, by using non-invasive methods, it also permitted monitoring the mixtures' effectiveness in preventing biological growth. The monitoring results made it possible to assess the bioreceptivity of the treated stones (sandstone, marble, plaster) over a period of almost three years. The results showed that the mixtures of consolidants or water-repellent products with biocides were effective in preventing biological growth on both a substrate with low bioreceptivity like plaster and a substrate with high bioreceptivity such as marble. The innovative mixture of nano-Cu particles with a water-repellent yielded good results in terms of preventing biological colonization. Moreover, they apparently did not affect the substrates' colour. Mixtures of nano-Cu particles with a consolidant and a water-repellent hold great promise for preventing re-colonization of stone after conservation treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Pinna
- Opificio delle Pietre Dure, Ministero per i Beni e Attività Culturali, viale Filippo Strozzi 1, 50129, Florence, Italy.
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Ishihara Y, Kawami T, Ishida A, Yamazaki T. Tributyltin induces oxidative stress and neuronal injury by inhibiting glutathione S-transferase in rat organotypic hippocampal slice cultures. Neurochem Int 2012; 60:782-90. [PMID: 22449404 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2012.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2011] [Revised: 03/03/2012] [Accepted: 03/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Tributyltin (TBT) has been used as a heat stabilizer, agricultural pesticide and antifouling agents on ships, boats and fish-farming nets; however, the neurotoxicity of TBT has recently become a concern. TBT is suggested to stimulate the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) inside cells. The aim of this study was to determine the mechanism of neuronal oxidative injury induced by TBT using rat organotypic hippocampal slice cultures. The treatment of rat hippocampal slices with TBT induced ROS production, lipid peroxidation and cell death. Pretreatment with antioxidants such as superoxide dismutase, catalase or trolox, suppressed the above phenomena induced by TBT, indicating that TBT elicits oxidative stress in hippocampal slices, which causes neuronal cell death. TBT dose-dependently inhibited glutathione S-transferase (GST), but not glutathione peroxidase or glutathione reductase in the cytosol of rat hippocampus. The treatment of hippocampal slices with TBT decreased the GST activity. Pretreatment with reduced glutathione attenuated the reduction of GST activity and cell death induced by TBT, indicating that the decrease in GST activity by TBT is involved in hippocampal cell death. When hippocampal slices were treated with sulforaphane, the expression and activity of GST were increased. Notably, TBT-induced oxidative stress and cell death were significantly suppressed by pretreatment with sulforaphane. These results indicate that GST inhibition could contribute, at least in part, to the neuronal cell death induced by TBT in hippocampal slices. This study is the first report to show the link between neuronal oxidative injury and the GST inhibition elicited by TBT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Ishihara
- Graduate School of Integrated Arts and Sciences, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan.
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23
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Verhaegen Y, Parmentier K, Swevers L, Renders E, Rougé P, De Coen W, Cooreman K, Smagghe G. The heterodimeric ecdysteroid receptor complex in the brown shrimp Crangon crangon: EcR and RXR isoform characteristics and sensitivity towards the marine pollutant tributyltin. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2011; 172:158-69. [PMID: 21354421 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2011.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2010] [Revised: 02/03/2011] [Accepted: 02/20/2011] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Decapod crustaceans are characterized by multiple ecdysteroid receptor (EcR) and retinoid-X-receptor (RXR) isoforms, which likely exhibit variant dimerization and transactivation interactions. In the brown shrimp C. crangon we cloned C-terminally truncated CrcEcR and CrcRXR isoforms and isoforms exhibiting deletions within the hinge region. For the former, in silico modeling of the CrcEcR indicated that, where the conserved helices H10 and H11 of the ligand-binding domain (LBD) are missing, an alternative C-terminal α-helix repairs the ligand-binding pocket (LBP). The truncated CrcRXR isoforms lack a major part of the LBD (H4-H12), thereby compromising ligand binding and dimerization. Through an in vitro ecdysteroid responsive reporter assay, we showed that these natural receptor variations do not impair receptor functioning but probably alter the receptor dimerization preferences. By the same in vitro assay, using full-length CrcEcR and CrcRXR, the effect of tributyltin (TBT) on ecdysteroid-induced transactivation was evaluated. The transactivation by 10nM PonA was reduced with 64% by 20 nM TBT. In silico modeling confirmed that TBT fits in the full-length CrcRXR-LBD. Furthermore, semi-quantitative PCR indicated altered expression of CrcEcR and CrcRXR isoforms after in vivo acute exposure to TBT, especially in the ovaries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yves Verhaegen
- Laboratory of Agrozoology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
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Vogt C, Hess M, Nowak C, Diogo JB, Oehlmann J, Oetken M. Effects of cadmium on life-cycle parameters in a multi-generation study with Chironomus riparius following a pre-exposure of populations to two different tributyltin concentrations for several generations. Ecotoxicology 2010; 19:1174-1182. [PMID: 20490657 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-010-0501-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/07/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
So far only a few studies have been performed to assess the effects of dynamic pollutant exposure on life-history parameters of invertebrates. In a previous multi-generation approach with the midge Chironomus riparius we tested if a chronic tributyltin pre-exposure alters the ability of a population to cope with subsequent cadmium stress. In the experiment two separate chironomid populations were exposed via sediments to different TBT-concentrations (4.46 and 8.93 μg Sn/kg dw) for several generations, followed by subsequent cadmium exposure (1.2 mg Cd/kg dw) for three generations. While the TBT-exposure to 4.46 μg Sn/kg dw had only small effects on the development and reproduction of C. riparius the higher TBT-concentration of 8.93 μg Sn/kg dw led to negative effects on life-history traits. Therefore, a higher adverse effect of the higher TBT-concentration and thus a higher susceptibility to other stressors could be assumed. Within, this paper only the results of the second stressor experiment were presented; clear effects of Cd on development and reproduction of C. riparius were determined independent of the pre-exposure scenario. While no differences in Cd-sensitivity were found between the population without pre-exposure to TBT and the population pre-exposed to the low TBT-concentration (4.46 μg Sn/kg dw), the pre-exposure of midges to the higher TBT-concentration (8.93 μg Sn/kg dw) resulted in a significantly higher susceptibility to subsequent Cd-stress. These results document that the exposure history may influence the reaction to altered chemical stress. Our findings are relevant to understand and predict the evolutionary fate of populations in rapidly changing, human-impacted environments. However, the fact that chemical-induced reduced genetic diversity, which is not necessarily linked to genetic adaptation, leads to a reduced fitness under altered stress conditions, is to our knowledge a novel finding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Vogt
- Department Aquatic Ecotoxicology, Institute of Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, Goethe-University, Siesmayerstrasse 70, 60323, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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Silkina A, Bazes A, Vouvé F, Le Tilly V, Douzenel P, Mouget JL, Bourgougnon N. Antifouling activity of macroalgal extracts on Fragilaria pinnata (Bacillariophyceae): a comparison with Diuron. Aquat Toxicol 2009; 94:245-54. [PMID: 19726092 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2009.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2008] [Revised: 07/06/2009] [Accepted: 07/07/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The tributyltin-based products and organic biocides which are incorporated into antifouling paints have had a negative impact on the marine environment, and the ban on tributyltin-based antifouling products has urged the industry to find substitutes to prevent the development of fouling on ship hulls. Natural antifouling agents could be isolated from marine resources, providing an alternative option for the industry. The effects of different marine seaweed extracts from Sargassum muticum and Ceramium botryocarpum on the growth, pigment content and photosynthetic apparatus of the marine diatom Fragilaria pinnata were compared with those of Diuron, a biocide widely used in antifouling paints. The addition of the macroalgal extracts in the culture medium resulted in an inhibition of the growth of F. pinnata, but this inhibition was lower than that obtained with Diuron. After transfer to a biocide-free medium, F. pinnata cells previously exposed to the macroalgal extracts exhibited normal growth, in contrast to Diuron-treated cells, which died, demonstrating that the effects of the natural antifouling agents were reversible. Macroalgal extracts and Diuron-induced modifications in F. pinnata cellular pigment content. Chlorophyll a, fucoxanthin, and the xanthophyll pool, diadinoxanthin and diatoxanthin, were the most affected. Changes in the structure and function of the photosynthetic apparatus were studied by microspectrofluorimetry, and provided a comprehensive evaluation of the inhibition of the diatom Photosystem II (PSII) by the biocides. This study confirms that natural extracts from the macroalgae studied have the potential to be used as a substitute to commercial biocides in antifouling paints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alla Silkina
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie et Chimie Marines (LBCM), Université de Bretagne-Sud (UBS), Université Européenne de Bretagne (UEB), Centre de Recherche Saint Maudé, 56321 Lorient Cedex, France
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Wang GD, Zhang KF, Zhang ZP, Zou ZH, Jia XW, Wang SH, Lin P, Wang YL. Molecular cloning and responsive expression of macrophage expressed gene from small abalone Haliotis diversicolor supertexta. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2008; 24:346-359. [PMID: 18255313 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2007.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2007] [Revised: 12/04/2007] [Accepted: 12/13/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The complete cDNA sequence of macrophage expressed gene (saMpeg1), a perforin-like molecule, was isolated from small abalone (Haliotis diversicolor supertexta) by homology cloning and rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE). The full-length cDNA of saMpeg1 was 2781 bp, consisting of a 5'-terminal untranslated region (UTR) of 252 bp, a 3'-terminal UTR of 342 bp with a signal sequence TAA and a poly (A) tail, and an open reading frame of 2184 bp. The deduced protein (saMpeg1) was composed of 728 amino acids, and contains the cytolytic "helix-turn-helix" domain of perforin (residues 171-218), of which the alpha-helices are amphipathic as are those of perforin. A putative single transmembrane domain is located at residues 667-689, and a modified furin cleavage site (KRRRK; residues 689-693) immediately follows. The result of real time quantitative PCR showed that saMpeg1 was highly expressed at 8h and 96 h post-injection of the Gram-negative bacterium Vibrio parahaemolyticus, but there was no change after TBT exposure. The structural similarity to mammalian perforin and the different gene expression level to bacterial infection and TBT exposure suggest that saMpeg1 may play a role in the immune response against microorganisms in small abalone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Dong Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Science and Technology for Aquaculture and Food Safety, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, China
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Abstract
The Balanus amphitrite attachment inhibition assay, developed by Rittschof et al. (1992), has been widely used for screening antifouling compounds. One shortcoming of this assay, however, is the low (often < 40%) attachment rate of cyprids, including in the controls that contain seawater only. In this study, trapping of cyprids at the air-water interface was found to be a main contributor to the low attachment rate. Procedures to eliminate the air-water interface were thus introduced. With the improved bioassay, a much higher cyprid attachment rate (>70%) was attained. To further illustrate the usefulness of the improved assay (ie eliminating the air-water interface), the effects of the length of cyprid storage and the effect of a reference biocide, tributyltin chloride, on the survival and attachment rate of the cyprids were examined. The length of cyprid storage was important, with newly molted cyprids, 3- to 9-day old cyprids and 12-day old cyprids having an attachment rate of 43%,>75% and 36%, respectively. The low attachment rate in the newly molted cyprids was due to a high percentage of cyprids that still swam at the end of exposure period, whereas the low attachment rate in the 12-day old cyprids was due to a high mortality rate. The cyprids showed an EC50 of 22 microg l(-1) for attachment inhibition and LC50 of 25 microg l(-1) for mortality. It is concluded that the air-water interface has an important confounding effect on cyprid attachment rate in the conventional B. amphitrite attachment assay. By eliminating the air-water interface more robust quantitative assay results were obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Wen Qiu
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China.
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Dafforn KA, Glasby TM, Johnston EL. Differential effects of tributyltin and copper antifoulants on recruitment of non-indigenous species. Biofouling 2008; 24:23-33. [PMID: 18066729 DOI: 10.1080/08927010701730329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Maritime transport is a primary vector for many marine invaders. For the past two decades, most commercial vessels have used tributyltin (TBT) antifouling (AF) paint, whereas recreational vessels have been restricted to alternatives, most commonly containing copper. Settlement plates painted with a collar of copper or TBT AF paint, and unpainted control plates, were deployed in commercial and recreational embayments in Port Jackson, Australia, and sampled photographically after 5 and 10 months. Copper enhanced early recruitment of several non-indigenous species (NIS), whereas recruitment of indigenous species was typically reduced by copper. TBT limited the recruitment of NIS for just 5 months and indigenous species, for the entire study. The results suggest that the use of toxic AF paints, and the possible accumulation of AF biocides in embayments, may be negatively affecting indigenous epibiota. Conversely, copper antifoulants on recreational vessels may be facilitating the transport and establishment of copper tolerant NIS into disturbed estuarine habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A Dafforn
- Evolution and Ecology Research Centre School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
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Fernandes D, Bebianno MJ, Porte C. Mitochondrial metabolism of 17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone in male sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax): a potential target for endocrine disruptors. Aquat Toxicol 2007; 85:258-266. [PMID: 17977610 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2007.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2007] [Revised: 09/17/2007] [Accepted: 09/18/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The metabolism of 17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone (17P(4)) was investigated in different subcellular fractions isolated from male gonads of sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax L). The existence of CYP17 (C17,20-lyase activity) and CYP11B (11beta-hydroxylase) catalyzed reactions was demonstrated in the mitochondrial fraction, where 17P(4) was converted to androstenedione (AD) and further metabolized to 11beta-hydroxyandrostenedione (betaAD). The synthesis of betaAD predominated in early spermatogenic testis, indicating a role of betaAD in testicular recrudescence. Additionally, the in vitro effect of model endocrine disrupting chemicals (i.e. nonylphenol (NP), p,p'-DDE, benzo[a]anthracene (BaA), tributyltin (TBT) and ketoconazole (KCZ)) on the mitochondrial metabolism of 17P(4) was investigated. Among the tested compounds, 100 microM NP inhibited the activity of CYP17 (C17,20-lyase) whereas 100 microM KCZ inhibited both CYP17 and CYP11B. Both chemicals showed the potential to disrupt the reproductive cycle of fish living in polluted environments due to impairment of testicular steroid biosynthesis. These results suggest that mitochondrial metabolism of 17P(4) may constitute a new sensitive probe for the assessment of endocrine disruption in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Fernandes
- C.I.M.A., University of Algarve, F.C.M.A., Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
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Sroka J, Włosiak P, Wilk A, Antonik J, Czyz J, Madeja Z. The effect of tributyltin on human eosinophilic [correction of eosinophylic] leukemia EoL-1 cells. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2007; 13:67-73. [PMID: 17965975 PMCID: PMC6275921 DOI: 10.2478/s11658-007-0037-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2007] [Accepted: 07/10/2007] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Organotin compounds are chemicals that are widely used in industry and agriculture as plastic stabilizers, catalysts and biocides. Many of them, including tributyltin (TBT), have been detected in human food and, as a consequence, detectable levels have been found in human blood. As organotin compounds were shown to possess immunotoxic activity, we focused our attention on the effect of TBT on the basic determinants of the function of eosinophils, i.e. cell adhesiveness and motility. We used human eosinophylic leukemia EoL-1 cells, a common in vitro cellular model of human eosinophils. Here, we demonstrate that TBT causes a dose-dependent decrease in the viability of EoL-1 cells. When administered at sub-lethal concentrations, TBT significantly decreases the adhesion of EoL-1 cells to human fibroblasts (HSFs) and inhibits their migration on fibroblast surfaces. Since the basic function of eosinophils is to invade inflamed tissues, our results indicate that TBT, and possibly other organotin compounds, may affect major cellular properties involved in the determination of in vivo eosinophil function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolanta Sroka
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, ul. Gronostajowa 7, 30-378, Kraków, Poland.
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Iguchi T, Watanabe H, Katsu Y. Toxicogenomics and ecotoxicogenomics for studying endocrine disruption and basic biology. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2007; 153:25-9. [PMID: 17324418 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2007.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2006] [Revised: 01/18/2007] [Accepted: 01/19/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Chemicals released into the environment have the potential to disrupt the endocrine system in wild animals, mouse, and humans. To understand molecular mechanisms of chemical toxicity in various species, toxicogenomics/ecotoxicogenomics, describing the integration of genomics (trascriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics) into toxicology/ecotoxicology, needs to be established as a powerful tool for research. Ecotoxicogenomics is defined as the study of gene and protein expression in non-target organisms that is important in responses to environmental toxicant exposures. Estrogen-responsive genes and estrogen response element(s) in genes have been identified in the mouse reproductive tract by application of cDNA microarray technology. Additionally, functional mechanisms of tributyltin action via nuclear receptors such as retinoid X receptor alpha and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma also have been identified using cDNA microarray. A microarray system has been established for Daphnia magna. Toxicogenomics/ecotoxicogenomics provide powerful tools to help us understand not only molecular mechanisms of chemical toxicity but also the basic biology of various animal species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taisen Iguchi
- Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience, National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8787, Japan
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Benachour N, Moslemi S, Sipahutar H, Seralini GE. Cytotoxic effects and aromatase inhibition by xenobiotic endocrine disrupters alone and in combination☆. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2007; 222:129-40. [PMID: 17599374 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2007.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2007] [Revised: 03/19/2007] [Accepted: 03/19/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Xenobiotics may cause long-term adverse effects in humans, especially at the embryonic level, raising questions about their levels of exposure, combined effects, and crucial endpoints. We are interested in the possible interactions between xenobiotic endocrine disrupters, cellular viability and androgen metabolism. Accordingly, we tested aroclor 1254 (A1254), atrazine (AZ), o,p'-DDT, vinclozolin (VZ), p,p'-DDE, bisphenol A (BPA), chlordecone (CD), nonylphenol (NP), tributylin oxide (TBTO), and diethylstilbestrol (DES) for cellular toxicity against human embryonic 293 cells, and activity against cellular aromatase, but also on placental microsomes and on the purified equine enzyme. Cellular viability was affected in 24 h by all the xenobiotics with a threshold at 50 microM (except for TBTO and DES, 10 microM threshold), and aromatase was inhibited at non-toxic doses. In combination synergism was observed reducing the threshold values of toxicity to 4-10 microM, and aromatase activity by 50% in some cases. In placental microsomes the most active xenobiotics rapidly inhibited microsomal aromatase in a manner independent of NADPH metabolism. Prolonged exposures to low doses in cells generally amplified by 50 times aromatase inhibition. These xenobiotics may act by inhibition of the active site or by allosteric effects on the enzyme. Bioaccumulation is a feature of some xenobiotics, especially chlordecone, DDT and DDE, and low level chronic exposures can also affect cell signaling mechanisms. This new information about the mechanism of action of these xenobiotics will assist in improved molecular design with a view to providing safer compounds for use in the (human) environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora Benachour
- Laboratoire de Biochimie, EA2608, IBFA, Université de Caen, Esplanade de la Paix, 14032 Caen, France
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de Jonge JD, Ezendam J, Knippels LMJ, Odink J, Pourier MS, Penninks AH, Pieters R, van Loveren H. Bis(tributyltin)oxide (TBTO) decreases the food allergic response against peanut and ovalbumin in Brown Norway rats. Toxicology 2007; 239:68-76. [PMID: 17669578 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2007.06.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2007] [Revised: 06/19/2007] [Accepted: 06/19/2007] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Other factors than the allergen itself may be of importance in the development of food allergy. This report describes the influence of the immunosuppressive compound bis(tributyltin)oxide (TBTO), present in the food chain, on the development of food allergy to peanut or ovalbumin in Brown Norway (BN) rats. To study these effects BN rats were sensitized to either 1 or 10mg peanut or ovalbumin by daily oral gavage and the TBTO-groups were fed a diet containing 80 mg TBTO per kg diet. Co-exposure to TBTO not only resulted in decreased general immunologic parameters such as weights of mesenteric lymph nodes and Peyer's patches, lymphocyte proliferation rates in splenocytes, but also on allergic parameters. In the peanut allergen-model TBTO decreased allergen-specific Th2 cytokine production by spleen cells, number of eosinophilic and basophilic granulocytes in the blood and production of mast cell protease II after oral food challenge. In the ovalbumin allergen-model TBTO decreased the number of eosinophilic and basophilic granulocytes, allergen-specific IgE and production of mast cell protease II after oral food challenge. The data imply that in the process of risk assessment of food allergy attention should be given to immunomodulating compounds present in the diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan D de Jonge
- University Maastricht, Department of Health Risk Analysis and Toxicology, Universiteitssingel 50, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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Ohtaki K, Aihara M, Takahashi H, Fujita H, Takahashi K, Funabashi T, Hirasawa T, Ikezawa Z. Effects of tributyltin on the emotional behavior of C57BL/6 mice and the development of atopic dermatitis-like lesions in DS-Nh mice. J Dermatol Sci 2007; 47:209-16. [PMID: 17544634 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2007.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2007] [Revised: 04/05/2007] [Accepted: 05/01/2007] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tributyltin (TBT) compounds have been widely used as antifouling biocides on ships and are known to be endocrine disrupters. However, little is known about the influence of TBT on emotion and atopic dermatitis. OBJECTIVE We evaluated the effects of TBT on the emotional behavior of C57BL/6 mice and on development of AD-like skin lesions in DS-Nh mice, which develop dermatitis spontaneously under conventional conditions. METHODS Five-week-old C57BL/6 mice were fed 0, 50, 100, 200, 300, 400 or 500 ppm TBT diet for 2 weeks. At the end of the exposure period, an open-field test was performed. Six-week-old DS-Nh mice were fed 200 ppm TBT for 14 weeks. Skin eruption scores were checked every week. Skin biopsy was performed from ears. RESULTS No significant difference was found in mortality or body weight among the groups receiving 0-200 ppm TBT diet during the course of the study. In the open-field test, mice fed 200 ppm TBT showed lower activity and higher frequency of defecation than did controls. These figures represent a high level of anxiety and fear and were significant in male mice compared with control mice. The skin eruption score was significantly higher in the DS-Nh mice fed TBT than in control mice. In the DS-Nh mice fed TBT, acanthosis of epidermis and infiltration of inflammatory cells in the dermis were more severe than those in controls. CONCLUSION TBT diet induced alterations in emotional behavior in C57BL/6 mice, and also induced early onset and deterioration of AD-like lesions in DS-Nh mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaoru Ohtaki
- Department of Environmental Immuno-Dermatology, Yokohama City University, Graduate School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
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Greco L, Capri E, Rustad T. Biochemical responses in Salmo salar muscle following exposure to ethynylestradiol and tributyltin. Chemosphere 2007; 68:564-71. [PMID: 17258276 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2006.12.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2006] [Revised: 12/11/2006] [Accepted: 12/12/2006] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of nominal concentrations of two endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) on fish physiology. The effects of the synthetic pharmaceutical estrogen ethynylestradiol (EE(2)) and the antifoulant tributyltin (TBT) were investigated in exposure studies with immature Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar. Fish were exposed for 7 days to waterborne EE(2), TBT, or a combination of both. The activities of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), acetylcholinesterase (AchE) and glutathione S-transferase (GST), and lactate and glycogen content were determined in samples of fish muscle. Fish exposed to EE(2) for 3 days responded rapidly with increasing AchE and GST activities and increasing lactate content. These responses were limited to the first 3 days of exposure and had disappeared by day 7, indicating that the fish had adapted to EE(2) exposure. Compared to the controls, TBT increased AchE and LDH activity, inhibited GST activity and had no effect on lactate content. When mixed, the highest concentration of EE(2) increased the effect of TBT on lactate content. However, fish exposed to a lower concentration of EE(2) in combination with TBT had the lowest lactate content. Effects on AchE and LDH activities were smaller when TBT was combined with EE(2) compared to TBT alone. This suggests that TBT and EE(2) influence biochemical processes in fish muscle, acting on different organizational levels, by antagonistic and synergistic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Greco
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Agricultural and Environmental Chemistry Institute, Plant Chemistry Section, Via Emilia Parmense 84, I-29100 Piacenza, Italy.
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Yonezawa T, Hasegawa SI, Ahn JY, Cha BY, Teruya T, Hagiwara H, Nagai K, Woo JT. Tributyltin and triphenyltin inhibit osteoclast differentiation through a retinoic acid receptor-dependent signaling pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2007; 355:10-5. [PMID: 17291456 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.12.237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2006] [Accepted: 12/19/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Organotin compounds, such as tributyltin (TBT) and triphenyltin (TPT), have been widely used in agriculture and industry. Although these compounds are known to have many toxic effects, including endocrine-disrupting effects, their effects on bone resorption are unknown. In this study, we investigated the effects of organotin compounds, such as monobutyltin (MBT), dibutyltin (DBT), TBT, and TPT, on osteoclast differentiation using mouse monocytic RAW264.7 cells. MBT and DBT had no effects, whereas TBT and TPT dose-dependently inhibited osteoclast differentiation at concentrations of 3-30 nM. Treatment with a retinoic acid receptor (RAR)-specific antagonist, Ro41-5253, restored the inhibition of osteoclastogenesis by TBT and TPT. TBT and TPT reduced receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappaB ligand (RANKL) induced nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) c1 expression, and the reduction in NFATc1 expression was recovered by Ro41-5253. Our results suggest that TBT and TPT suppress osteoclastogenesis by inhibiting RANKL-induced NFATc1 expression via an RAR-dependent signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Yonezawa
- Research Institute for Biological Functions, Chubu University, 1200 Matsumoto, Kasugai-shi, Aichi 488-8501, Japan
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Ribeiro CAO, Padrós J, Domingos FXV, Akaishi FM, Pelletier E. Histopathological evidence of antagonistic effects of tributyltin on benzo[a]pyrene toxicity in the Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus). Sci Total Environ 2007; 372:549-53. [PMID: 17126381 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2006.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2006] [Revised: 10/02/2006] [Accepted: 10/03/2006] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
We previously reported that long-term (54 days), repeated intraperitoneal exposure to low doses of tributyltin (TBT; 0.3 mg/kg) inhibited the metabolic activation of co-administered benzo[a]pyrene (BaP; 3 mg/kg) in the Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus); BaP, in turn, stimulated the metabolism and/or excretion of TBT. Here, we report the results of histopathological examinations of liver, kidney and pseudobranch tissue samples originating from these same fish. The results revealed higher lesion incidences at all sampling time points (Days 8, 32 and 56) among BaP-exposed fish compared with fish exposed to either TBT alone or combined with BaP. The severity of lesions like necrosis was also higher in BaP-exposed fish. Moreover, hepatic basophilic foci were observed exclusively in fish exposed to BaP alone. Together, these results provide new evidences that TBT can antagonize BaP toxicity in fish exposed to both pollutants under controlled laboratory conditions. In contrast, BaP does not appear to provide protection against TBT toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Oliveira Ribeiro
- Universidade Federal do Paraná, Departamento de Biologia Celular, C.P. 19031, CEP:81.531-990 Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
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Suehiro F, Kobayashi T, Nonaka L, Tuyen BC, Suzuki S. Degradation of tributyltin in microcosm using Mekong River sediment. Microb Ecol 2006; 52:19-25. [PMID: 16767521 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-006-9079-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2006] [Accepted: 03/09/2006] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The degradation of tributyltin (TBT) and changes of bacterial number and community structures were investigated in microcosms using the sediment collected from the Mekong River, Vietnam. Concentrations of TBT in sediments were less than 0.62 ng/g (dry wt), lower than those reported from other areas. TBT-resistant bacteria were found in the three sampling sites, and the occurrence rates were 11-16% out of the total viable count. In this microcosm experiment, initial concentration of TBT [1.0-1.4 microg/g (dry wt)] decreased to 0.6 microg/g (dry wt) during 150 days, whereas that in the control microcosm with autoclaved sediment did not change, indicating that Mekong River sediment contains high TBT-degrading activity by microorganisms. The occurrence of TBT-resistant bacteria and the bacterial community structures monitored by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis were almost the same between test and control groups, indicating that the addition of TBT had little influence on microbial community structure. Mekong River sediment seems to have a stable microbial community against TBT pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fujiyo Suehiro
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime, 790-8577, Japan
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Nakatsu Y, Kotake Y, Ohta S. Tributyltin-induced cell death is mediated by calpain in PC12 cells. Neurotoxicology 2006; 27:587-93. [PMID: 16678266 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2006.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2005] [Revised: 03/15/2006] [Accepted: 03/15/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Tributyltin, an endocrine-disrupting chemical, has been used as a heat stabilizer, agricultural pesticide and component of antifouling paints. In this study, we investigated whether calpain is involved in tributyltin toxicity in undifferentiated PC12 cells. Tributyltin (2 microM) induced an increase of lactate dehydrogenase release, a marker of cytotoxicity, in PC12 cells in a time-dependent manner. It also induced calpain activation in a dose-dependent manner, and a calpain inhibitor, MDL28170 (40 microM), decreased the cellular toxicity, suggesting that calpain is involved in tributyltin toxicity in PC12 cells. Because calpain is a calcium-dependent protease, we examined the effect of EGTA, an extracellular Ca(2+) chelator and BAPTA-AM, an intracellular Ca(2+) chelator. Calpain activation induced by tributyltin was decreased by BAPTA-AM (50 microM), but not by EGTA (1 mM), suggesting that calpain activation is associated with calcium release from intracellular Ca(2+) stores. Further, we investigated the relationship between caspase-3 and calpain. Inhibition of caspase-3 reduced calpain activity induced by tributyltin. In conclusion, we have demonstrated that tributyltin induced cell death through calpain activation, and that intracellular Ca(2+) increase and caspase-3 activation are required for calpain activation by tributyltin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Nakatsu
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
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Aluoch AO, Odman-Ghazi SO, Whalen MM. Alteration of an essential NK cell signaling pathway by low doses of tributyltin in human natural killer cells. Toxicology 2006; 224:229-37. [PMID: 16781040 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2006.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2006] [Revised: 04/26/2006] [Accepted: 05/05/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Tributyltin (TBT), a toxic and widespread environmental contaminant, has been shown to inhibit natural killer (NK) cell cytotoxic function significantly. Inhibition of NK cell cytotoxic function has the potential to increase viral infections and tumor growth. Upon NK cell binding to lysis-sensitive tumor cells, an intracellular pathway is activated, which generally begins with activation of non-receptor protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs) and ends with mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)-mediated release of lytic granules toward the contacted target cell. In the current studies, we used a cytotoxicity assay to examine how low doses (200nM or lower) of TBT affect cytotoxic function. Additionally, we investigated how low doses of TBT modulate the signaling pathway that dictates lytic granule exocytosis. A 1h exposure to 200, 100, 50 and 25nM TBT significantly decreased cytotoxic function 6d later. We also saw significant activation of p38 and p44/42 by as low as 50nM TBT within ten minutes of exposure. The observed activation of MAPKs, p38 and p44/42, implicated their upstream activators MAPK kinases (MAP2Ks). On examining MAP2Ks, MKK3/6 and MEK1/2, activation was seen within ten minutes. However, when the most upstream signaling molecules in this pathway, non-receptor protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs) such as Syk, ZAP-70, Pyk2 and Src were examined, no significant activation was seen. These data imply that upstream activators of MAP2Ks, MAP2K kinases (MAP3Ks), are activated by TBT exposures and/or that MAP2K phosphatases are being inhibited by TBT. Taken together, these data suggest that TBT-induced activation of MAPKs, p38 and p44/42, is caused by their upstream activators MAP2Ks, MKK3/6 and MEK1/2, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aloice O Aluoch
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tennessee State University, Nashville, TN 37209, USA
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41
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Janer G, Lyssimachou A, Bachmann J, Oehlmann J, Schulte-Oehlmann U, Porte C. Sexual dimorphism in esterified steroid levels in the gastropod Marisa cornuarietis: the effect of xenoandrogenic compounds. Steroids 2006; 71:435-44. [PMID: 16616285 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2006.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2005] [Revised: 01/04/2006] [Accepted: 01/11/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Molluscs can conjugate a variety of steroids to form fatty acid esters. In this work, the freshwater ramshorn snail Marisa cornuarietis was used to investigate sex differences in endogenous levels of esterified steroids. Testosterone and estradiol were mainly found in the esterified form in the digestive gland/gonad complex of M. cornuarietis, and males had higher levels of esterified steroids than females (4-10-fold). Additionally, the ability of several xenobiotics, namely tributyltin (TBT), methyltestosterone (MT) and fenarimol (FEN) to interfere with the esterification of testosterone and estradiol was investigated. All three compounds induced imposex - appearance of male sexual characteristics in females. Exposure to TBT led to a decrease in both esterified testosterone (60-85%) and estradiol (16-53%) in females after 100 days exposure, but had no effect on males. Exposure to FEN and MT did not alter levels of esterified steroids in males or in females, although exposed females developed imposex after 150 days exposure. The decrease in esterified steroids by TBT could not be directly linked with a decrease in microsomal acyl-CoA:testosterone acyltransferase (ATAT) activity, which catalyzes the esterification of steroids. In fact, ATAT activity was marginally induced in organisms exposed to TBT for 50 days (1.3-fold), and significantly induced in males and females exposed to MT for 50 days (1.8- and 1.5-fold, respectively), whereas no effect on ATAT activity was observed after 150 days exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Janer
- Environmental Chemistry Department, IIQAB-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
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42
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Janer G, Bachmann J, Oehlmann J, Schulte-Oehlmann U, Porte C. The effect of organotin compounds on gender specific androstenedione metabolism in the freshwater ramshorn snail Marisa cornuarietis. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2006; 99:147-56. [PMID: 16621518 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2005.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2005] [Accepted: 12/29/2005] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In a recent study, we demonstrated that androstenedione was mainly converted to testosterone (T) and 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) by digestive gland/gonad complex microsomal fractions isolated from male Marisa cornuarietis, whereas it was primarily metabolized to 5alpha-dihydroandrostenedione (DHA) by females. In the present work, the sexual dimorphic metabolism of androstenedione was further investigated, and attributed to a higher 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity in males than in females. Thereafter, the hypothesis was tested that the metabolism of androstenedione might be affected by exposure to tributyltin (TBT) and triphenyltin (TPT), which are known to induce the development of imposex in several gastropod species. The in vitro metabolism of androstenedione, particularly the formation of DHA and DHT, was inhibited by both compounds. However, in vivo experiments showed no significant alteration in the metabolism of androstenedione in males, but a marginal (TBT) and a significant (TPT) inhibition of the formation of DHA in females exposed for 150 days to concentrations that had significantly induced the development of imposex. The ratio DHT+T/DHA, a possible indicator of metabolic androgenization, tended to increase (0.43 versus 0.35, p=0.06) in TPT exposed females. However, this ratio never reached values comparable to those found in males (11+/-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- G Janer
- Environmental Chemistry Department, IIQAB-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
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43
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Suzuki N, Tabata MJ, Kambegawa A, Srivastav AK, Shimada A, Takeda H, Kobayashi M, Wada S, Katsumata T, Hattori A. Tributyltin inhibits osteoblastic activity and disrupts calcium metabolism through an increase in plasma calcium and calcitonin levels in teleosts. Life Sci 2006; 78:2533-41. [PMID: 16318860 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2005.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2005] [Accepted: 10/10/2005] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
To examine the direct effects of tributyltin acetate (TBTA) on osteoclasts and osteoblasts, teleost scale, which has both osteoclasts and osteoblasts and is similar to mammalian membrane bone, was used in the present study. The activities of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase and alkaline-phosphatase, as respective indicators of activity in both cells, were used. In freshwater teleost (goldfish) and marine teleosts (nibbler and wrasse), the osteoclastic activity in the scales did not change as a result of TBTA treatment (10(-9) to 10(-5) M). However, the osteoblastic activity decreased in the goldfish, nibbler, and wrasse after 6 h of incubation. In goldfish, even 10(-10) M of TBTA significantly inhibited the osteoblastic activity. The inhibitory activity in goldfish was stronger than that in nibbler and wrasse. Therefore, details of the mechanism were examined using goldfish. The mRNA expressions of the estrogen receptor and insulin-like growth factor-I, which participate in osteoblastic growth and differentiation, decreased in the TBTA-treated scales. However, the mRNA expression of metallothionein (MT), a metal-binding protein that protects the organism from heavy metal, increased much less than those of cadmium and methyl-mercury. Furthermore, we showed that the plasma calcium and hypocalcemic hormone (calcitonin) level increased in goldfish kept in water containing TBTA (10(-10) and 10(-8) M). The current data are the first to demonstrate that, in teleosts, TBTA inhibits osteoblastic activity without affecting osteoclastic activity and disrupts the calcium metabolism, including the calcemic hormone, in goldfish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuo Suzuki
- Noto Marine Laboratory, Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa 927-0553, Japan.
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Kawamata M, Kon-ya K, Miki W. 5,6-Dichloro-1-methylgramine, a non-toxic antifoulant derived from a marine natural product. Prog Mol Subcell Biol 2006; 42:125-39. [PMID: 16805441 DOI: 10.1007/3-540-30016-3_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The laboratory culture of the barnacle, Balanus amphitrite has made it possible to supply cypris larvae for antifouling assays all year round. The settlement of cyprids obtained from cultured B. amphitrite was indistinguishable from cyprids reared from field-collected barnacles. In laboratory cyprid settlement assays of extracts from marine sessile organisms, antifouling activity was expressed as the 99% inhibitory concentration (IC99), and toxicity as the 30% lethal concentration (LC30). The lipophilic extract of the marine bryozoan, Zoobotryon pellucidum, which showed promising antifouling activity, yielded 2,5,6-tribromo-1-methylgramine (TBG) by bioassay-guided isolation. The inhibitory activity of TBG was 6 times as strong as that of bis-(n-butyltin)oxide (TBTO), while its toxicity to cypris larvae was one-tenth that of TBTO. A structure-activity relationship study with 155 indole derivatives led to the discovery of the non-toxic antifoulant candidates 5,6-dichlorogramine, 5-chloro-2-methylgramine, and 5,6-dichrolo-1-methylgramine (DCMG), the latter being selected as the antifouling paint ingredient for performance evaluation tests (panel tests) following the results of a preliminary safety tests. A silicone-based antifouling paint containing 5-10% of DCMG was prepared and tested in the field; the painted surfaces remained almost barnacle-free for 1.5 years similar to silicone coatings such as Biox. Since the leaching rate of DCMG from the paint surface could be controlled by the addition of an acrylic acid-styrene copolymer (ASP), the life of the antifouling performance is expected to be improved. Thus, an extremely non-toxic silicone-based antifouling paint containing DCMG is under development.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kawamata
- Hydraulic and Bio Engineering Research Section, Civil Engineering Research Institute, Technology Center, Taisei Corporation, 344-1, Nase-cho, Totsuka-ku, Yokohama 245-0051, Japan
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Kuwada M, Kawashima R, Nakamura K, Kojima H, Hasumi H, Maki J. Study of neonatal exposure to androgenic endocrine disruptors, testosterone and dihydrotestosterone by normal-phase HPLC. Biomed Chromatogr 2006; 20:1237-41. [PMID: 16804875 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Neonatal exposure to androgen induces developmental abnormalities in the male reproductive system. To investigate whether neonatal exposure affects spermatogenesis in juvenile and pubertal testis, Sprague-Dawley rat pups were given androgen or various androgenic endocrine disruptors by a single injection on the day of birth at concentrations ranging between 4 mm to 200 mm, and sacrificed on day 21 (juvenile) or 50 (puberty). The testes were weighed and examined histologically at each stage. Further, the metabolites of steroidogenesis were analyzed using normal-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. Neonatal exposure significantly reduced testis weights and steroidogenesis of juveniles. Neonatal exposure to testosterone and dihydrotestosterone still suppressed pubertal steroidogenesis, although testis weight was completely restored during puberty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Kuwada
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Human Health, Hachinohe University, 13-98 Mihono, Hachinohe, Aomori 031-8544, Japan.
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Yamazaki T, Shimodaira M, Kuwahara H, Wakatsuki H, Horiuchi H, Matsuda H, Kominami S. Tributyltin disturbs bovine adrenal steroidogenesis by two modes of action. Steroids 2005; 70:913-21. [PMID: 16038956 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2005.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2004] [Revised: 05/10/2005] [Accepted: 06/10/2005] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Tributyltin, an environmental pollutant, affected adrenal steroid hormone biosynthesis by two modes of action. Treatment of bovine adrenal cultured cells with 10-100 nM tributyltin for 48 h suppressed cortisol and androstenedione secretion, but induced the accumulation of 17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone and deoxycortisol, indicating that the P450(C21) and P450(11beta) activities were specifically suppressed. Direct inhibition of the enzymatic activities due to tributyltin was not observed in isolated organelles of untreated cells at concentrations less than 10 microM. Western blotting experiments using specific antibodies against steroidogenic enzymes showed that treatment with 1-100 nM tributyltin caused a decrease in cellular P450(C21) and P450(11beta) protein levels, and real-time PCR experiments showed that the decrease in protein content was attributable to decreases in mRNA of the enzymes. Tributyltin at concentrations higher than 100 nM suppressed all steroid biosynthesis in the adrenal cells. This suppression was closely correlated to the decrease in steroidogenic acute regulatory protein. Since nanomolar concentrations of tributyltin disturbed steroidogenesis in mammalian cells, there is the possibility that steroid hormone synthesis in polluted wild animals is affected by this compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Yamazaki
- Faculty of Integrated Arts and Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-7-1 Kagamiyama 739-8524, Japan.
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Ortiz A, Teruel JA, Aranda FJ. Effect of triorganotin compounds on membrane permeability. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Biomembranes 2005; 1720:137-42. [PMID: 16472558 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2005.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2005] [Revised: 12/14/2005] [Accepted: 12/16/2005] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Organotin compounds are widely distributed toxicants. They are membrane-active molecules with broad biological toxicity. In this contribution, we study the effect of triorganotin compounds on membrane permeability using phospholipid model membranes and human erythrocytes. Tribultyltin and triphenyltin are able to induce the release of entrapped carboxyfluorescein from large unilamellar vesicles. The rate of release is similar for phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylserine systems and the presence of equimolar cholesterol decreases the rate of the process. Release of carboxyfluorescein is almost abolished when a non-diffusible anion like gluconate is present in the external medium, and it is restored by addition of chloride. Tributyltin is able to cause hemolysis of human erythrocytes in a dose-dependent manner. Relative kinetics determination shows that potassium leakage occurs simultaneously with hemoglobin release. Hemolysis is reduced when erythrocytes are suspended in a gluconate medium. These results indicate that triorganotin compounds are able to transport organic anions like carboxyfluorescein across phospholipids bilayers by exchange diffusion with chloride and suggest that anion exchange through erythrocyte membrane could be related to the process of hemolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Ortiz
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular A, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, E-30100, Murcia, Spain
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Rodríguez-González P, Rodríguez-Cea A, Alonso JIG, Sanz-Medel A. Species-Specific Isotope Dilution Analysis and Isotope Pattern Deconvolution for Butyltin Compounds Metabolism Investigations. Anal Chem 2005; 77:7724-34. [PMID: 16316182 DOI: 10.1021/ac051091r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A methodology for the study of the absorption and metabolism of butyltin compounds in laboratory animals using isotopically enriched species was developed. The method is based on the oral administration of 119Sn-labeled monobutyltin (MBT), 118Sn-labeled dibutyltin (DBT), and 117Sn-labeled tributyltin (TBT) to the animals and the measurement of both the concentration and isotopic composition of these compounds in the different tissues by GC-ICPMS. The degradation of butyltin compounds during their metabolism was computed using least-squares isotope pattern deconvolution, and their concentration was measured by reverse isotope dilution analysis using natural-abundance MBT, DBT, and TBT standards. Male Wistar rats were used as models to evaluate the proposed methodology. Preliminary toxicological results obtained with one rat indicate that TBT is highly absorbed (64.4%), and it is found in all organs with relatively high levels in stomach and intestines. The apparent absorption of DBT was 27.3% and was mainly found in liver, kidney, and intestines. However, a large proportion of the found DBT is formed from the degradation of TBT (approximately 40% of the found DBT in liver is degraded TBT). The apparent absorption of MBT was found to be 12.5%, and the originally administered MBT was mainly recovered in the feces. However, MBT was clearly detected in liver, kidney, stomach, intestines, and urine as degradation products of DBT and TBT. Although a significant variability from rat to rat is expected to be obtained, the analytical variability provided by this methodology is small enough to yield meaningful biological results. The results obtained demonstrate that the developed methodology is able to follow qualitatively, quantitatively, and simultaneously the specific metabolic pathways of different species of a given element.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Rodríguez-González
- Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Oviedo, Spain
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49
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Martins JD, Jurado AS, Moreno AJM, Madeira VMC. Comparative study of tributyltin toxicity on two bacteria of the genus Bacillus. Toxicol In Vitro 2005; 19:943-9. [PMID: 16061343 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2005.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2005] [Accepted: 06/17/2005] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Tributyltin is a potent biocide mainly used in marine anti-fouling paints. Owing to its widespread distribution in coast areas and its high toxicity to aquatic organisms, the use of this compound is generally restricted and under government regulation. Despite of that, it persists in the aquatic environment. Organotins used in industry have also been detected in terrestrial environments. The persistence and high lipophilicity explain bioaccumulation. The role of bacteria in recycling organic matter prompted us to study the interaction of tributyltin with two ubiquitous bacilli, B. stearothermophilus and B. subtilis, proposed as biological indicators of pollutants with ecological impact. These bacteria have been used as suitable models for the study of toxicity mechanisms of unselective lipophilic compounds (e.g., DDT and endosulfan). Drug effects on growth parameters, oxygen consumption and membrane organization were assessed. Bacteria growth in a liquid complex medium was disturbed by concentrations of TBT as low as 25 nM (8 microgL(-1)), close to the concentration in polluted environments. The respiratory activity is affected by TBT in both microorganisms. Membrane organization, assessed by fluorescence polarization of two fluidity probes, 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene (DPH) and a propionic acid derivative (DPH-PA), was also perturbed by the xenobiotic. Alterations on growth, oxygen consumption and physical properties of membrane lipids are stronger in B. stearothermophilus as compared to B. subtilis. A putative relationship between growth inhibition and respiratory activity impairment induced by TBT and its effects on the physical behaviour of bacterial membrane lipids is suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- J D Martins
- Centro de Neurociências, Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade de Coimbra, 3000 Coimbra, Portugal
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50
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Ohno S, Nakajima Y, Nakajin S. Triphenyltin and Tributyltin inhibit pig testicular 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity and suppress testicular testosterone biosynthesis. Steroids 2005; 70:645-51. [PMID: 15899506 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2005.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2004] [Revised: 02/28/2005] [Accepted: 03/11/2005] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We previously reported that tributyltin chloride (TBT) and triphenyltin chloride (TPT) powerfully suppressed human chorionic gonadotropin- and 8-bromo-cAMP-stimulated testosterone production in pig Leydig cells at concentrations that were not cytotoxic [Nakajima Y, Sato Q, Ohno S, Nakajin S. Organotin compounds suppress testosterone production in Leydig cells from neonatal pig testes. J Health Sci 2003;49:514-9]. This study investigated the effects of these organotin compounds on the activity of enzymes involved in testosterone biosynthesis in pig testis. At relatively low concentrations of TPT, 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17beta-HSD; IC(50)=2.6microM) and cytochrome P450 17alpha-hydroxylase/C(17-20) lyase (IC(50)=117microM) activities were inhibited, whereas cholesterol side-chain cleavage cytochrome P450 and 3beta-HSD/Delta(4)-Delta(5) isomerase activities were less sensitive. Overall, TPT was more effective than TBT. TPT also inhibited both ferredoxin reductase and P450 reductase activities at concentrations over 30microM; however, TBT had no effect, even at 100microM. The IC(50) values of TPT were estimated to be 25.7 and 22.8microM for ferredoxin reductase and P450 reductase, respectively. The inhibitory effect of TPT (30microM) on microsomal 17beta-HSD activity from pig testis was eliminated by pretreatment with the reducing agents dithiothreitol (1mM) and dithioerythritol (1mM). On the other hand, TPT (0.03microM) or TBT (0.1microM) exposure suppressed the testosterone production from androstenedione in pig Leydig cells indicating that these organotins inhibit 17beta-HSD activity in vivo as well as in vitro, and the IC(50) values of TPT and TBT for 17beta-HSD activity were estimated to be 48 and 114nM, respectively. Based on these results, it appears possible that the effects of TBT and TPT are largely due to direct inhibition of 17beta-HSD activity in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuji Ohno
- Department of Biochemistry, Hoshi University College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
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