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Wu Z, Zhang J, Wu Y, Chen M, Hu H, Gao X, Li C, Li M, Zhang Y, Lin X, Yang Q, Chen L, Chen K, Zheng L, Zhu A. Gelsenicine disrupted the intestinal barrier of Caenorhabditis elegans. Chem Biol Interact 2024; 395:111036. [PMID: 38705443 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2024.111036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Gelsemium elegans Benth. (G. elegans) is a traditional medicinal herb that has anti-inflammatory, analgesic, sedative, and detumescence effects. However, it can also cause intestinal side effects such as abdominal pain and diarrhea. The toxicological mechanisms of gelsenicine are still unclear. The objective of this study was to assess enterotoxicity induced by gelsenicine in the nematodes Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans). The nematodes were treated with gelsenicine, and subsequently their growth, development, and locomotion behavior were evaluated. The targets of gelsenicine were predicted using PharmMapper. mRNA-seq was performed to verify the predicted targets. Intestinal permeability, ROS generation, and lipofuscin accumulation were measured. Additionally, the fluorescence intensities of GFP-labeled proteins involved in oxidative stress and unfolded protein response in endoplasmic reticulum (UPRER) were quantified. As a result, the treatment of gelsenicine resulted in the inhibition of nematode lifespan, as well as reductions in body length, width, and locomotion behavior. A total of 221 targets were predicted by PharmMapper, and 731 differentially expressed genes were screened out by mRNA-seq. GO and KEGG enrichment analysis revealed involvement in redox process and transmembrane transport. The permeability assay showed leakage of blue dye from the intestinal lumen into the body cavity. Abnormal mRNAs expression of gem-4, hmp-1, fil-2, and pho-1, which regulated intestinal development, absorption and catabolism, transmembrane transport, and apical junctions, was observed. Intestinal lipofuscin and ROS were increased, while sod-2 and isp-1 expressions were decreased. Multiple proteins in SKN-1/DAF-16 pathway were found to bind stably with gelsenicine in a predictive model. There was an up-regulation in the expression of SKN-1:GFP, while the nuclear translocation of DAF-16:GFP exhibited abnormality. The UPRER biomarker HSP-4:GFP was down-regulated. In conclusion, the treatment of gelsenicine resulted in the increase of nematode intestinal permeability. The toxicological mechanisms underlying this effect involved the disruption of intestinal barrier integrity, an imbalance between oxidative and antioxidant processes mediated by the SKN-1/DAF-16 pathway, and abnormal unfolded protein reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zekai Wu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350108, China; Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Yajiao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Mengting Chen
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Hong Hu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350108, China; Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Xinyue Gao
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Chutao Li
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Maodong Li
- Institute of Systems and Physical Biology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518132, China
| | - Youbo Zhang
- State key laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs and Department of Natural Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Xiaohuang Lin
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Qiaomei Yang
- Department of Gynecology, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital (Fujian Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Gynecology, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital (Fujian Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Kunqi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350108, China.
| | - Lifeng Zheng
- Department of Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China.
| | - An Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350108, China.
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Pires da Silva A, Kelleher R, Reynoldson L. Decoding lifespan secrets: the role of the gonad in Caenorhabditis elegans aging. FRONTIERS IN AGING 2024; 5:1380016. [PMID: 38605866 PMCID: PMC11008531 DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2024.1380016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
The gonad has become a central organ for understanding aging in C. elegans, as removing the proliferating stem cells in the germline results in significant lifespan extension. Similarly, when starvation in late larval stages leads to the quiescence of germline stem cells the adult nematode enters reproductive diapause, associated with an extended lifespan. This review summarizes recent advancements in identifying the mechanisms behind gonad-mediated lifespan extension, including comparisons with other nematodes and the role of lipid signaling and transcriptional changes. Given that the gonad also mediates lifespan regulation in other invertebrates and vertebrates, elucidating the underlying mechanisms may help to gain new insights into the mechanisms and evolution of aging.
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Pohl F, Germann AL, Mao J, Hou S, Bakare B, Kong Thoo Lin P, Yates K, Nonet ML, Akk G, Kornfeld K, Held JM. UNC-49 is a redox-sensitive GABA A receptor that regulates the mitochondrial unfolded protein response cell nonautonomously. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadh2584. [PMID: 37910615 PMCID: PMC10619936 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adh2584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
The γ-aminobutyric acid-mediated (GABAergic) system participates in many aspects of organismal physiology and disease, including proteostasis, neuronal dysfunction, and life-span extension. Many of these phenotypes are also regulated by reactive oxygen species (ROS), but the redox mechanisms linking the GABAergic system to these phenotypes are not well defined. Here, we report that GABAergic redox signaling cell nonautonomously activates many stress response pathways in Caenorhabditis elegans and enhances vulnerability to proteostasis disease in the absence of oxidative stress. Cell nonautonomous redox activation of the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (mitoUPR) proteostasis network requires UNC-49, a GABAA receptor that we show is activated by hydrogen peroxide. MitoUPR induction by a spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3) C. elegans neurodegenerative disease model was similarly dependent on UNC-49 in C. elegans. These results demonstrate a multi-tissue paradigm for redox signaling in the GABAergic system that is transduced via a GABAA receptor to function in cell nonautonomous regulation of health, proteostasis, and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Pohl
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Allison L. Germann
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jack Mao
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Sydney Hou
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Bayode Bakare
- School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Paul Kong Thoo Lin
- School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Kyari Yates
- School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Michael L. Nonet
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Gustav Akk
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Taylor Family Institute for Innovative Psychiatric Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Kerry Kornfeld
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jason M. Held
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
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Wang S, Lin D, Cao J, Wang L. APPA Increases Lifespan and Stress Resistance via Lipid Metabolism and Insulin/IGF-1 Signal Pathway in Caenorhabditis elegans. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13682. [PMID: 37761985 PMCID: PMC10531162 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241813682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Animal studies have proven that 1-acetyl-5-phenyl-1H-pyrrol-3-yl acetate (APPA) is a powerful antioxidant as a novel aldose reductase inhibitor independently synthesized by our laboratory; however, there is no current information on APPA's anti-aging mechanism. Therefore, this study examined the impact and mechanism of APPA's anti-aging and anti-oxidation capacity using the Caenorhabditis elegans model. The results demonstrated that APPA increases C. elegans' longevity without affecting the typical metabolism of Escherichia coli OP50 (OP50). APPA also had a non-toxic effect on C. elegans, increased locomotor ability, decreased the levels of reactive oxygen species, lipofuscin, and fat, and increased anti-stress capacity. QRT-PCR analysis further revealed that APPA upregulated the expression of antioxidant genes, including sod-3, gst-4, and hsp-16.2, and the critical downstream transcription factors, daf-16, skn-1, and hsf-1 of the insulin/insulin-like growth factor (IGF) receptor, daf-2. In addition, fat-6 and nhr-80 were upregulated. However, the APPA's life-prolonging effects were absent on the daf-2, daf-16, skn-1, and hsf-1 mutants implying that the APPA's life-prolonging mechanism depends on the insulin/IGF-1 signaling system. The transcriptome sequencing also revealed that the mitochondrial route was also strongly associated with the APPA life extension, consistent with mev-1 and isp-1 mutant life assays. These findings aid in the investigation of APPA's longevity extension mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Liping Wang
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; (S.W.); (D.L.); (J.C.)
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Zhao D, Yan M, Xu H, Liang H, Zhang J, Li M, Wang C. Antioxidant and Antiaging Activity of Fermented Coix Seed Polysaccharides on Caenorhabditis elegans. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15112474. [PMID: 37299437 DOI: 10.3390/nu15112474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is closely related to many diseases and is a long-term challenge that humans face. The oxidative damage caused by the imbalance of free radicals is an important factor in aging. In this study, we investigate the antioxidant and antiaging activities of fermented coix seed polysaccharides (FCSPs) via in vitro and in vivo experiments. The FCSPs were extracted by fermenting coix seed with Saccharomyces cerevisiae for 48 h and utilizing water-extracted coix seed polysaccharides (WCSPs) as a control. Their antiaging activity and mechanism were evaluated based on the antiaging model organism Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans). The results showed that the molecular weight of the FCSPs extracted by fermentation was smaller than that of the WCSPs, making them more easily absorbed and utilized. At a concentration of 5 g/L, the FCSPs' capacity to scavenge the DPPH·, ABTS+·, OH·, and O2-· radicals was greater than the WCSPs' capacity by 10.09%, 14.40%, 49.93%, and 12.86%, respectively. Moreover, C. elegans treated with FCSPs exhibited higher antioxidant enzyme activities and a lower accumulation of malonaldehyde. By inhibiting the expression of the pro-aging genes daf-2 and age-1, and upregulating the expression of the antiaging genes daf-16, sod-3, skn-1, and gcs-1 in the insulin/insulin-like growth factor-1 (IIS) signaling pathway, the FCSPs could effectively enhance stress tolerance and delay C. elegans aging. The lifespan of C. elegans in the FCSPs group was 5.91% higher than that of the WCSPs group. In conclusion, FCSPs exert better antioxidant and antiaging effects than WCSPs, which can act as a potential functional ingredient or supplement in food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Meng Yan
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Hualei Xu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Haiyan Liang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Jiachan Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Meng Li
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Changtao Wang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
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Cheng Y, Hou BH, Xie GL, Shao YT, Yang J, Xu C. Transient inhibition of mitochondrial function by chrysin and apigenin prolong longevity via mitohormesis in C. elegans. Free Radic Biol Med 2023; 203:24-33. [PMID: 37023934 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2023.03.264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
Mild inhibition of mitochondrial function leads to longevity. Genetic disruption of mitochondrial respiratory components either by mutation or RNAi greatly extends the lifespan in yeast, worms, and drosophila. This has given rise to the idea that pharmacologically inhibiting mitochondrial function would be a workable strategy for postponing aging. Toward this end, we used a transgenic worm strain that expresses the firefly luciferase enzyme widely to evaluate compounds by tracking real-time ATP levels. We identified chrysin and apigenin, which reduced ATP production and increased the lifespan of worms. Mechanistically, we discovered that chrysin and apigenin transiently inhibit mitochondrial respiration and induce an early ROS, and the lifespan-extending effect is dependent on transient ROS formation. We also show that AAK-2/AMPK, DAF-16/FOXO, and SKN-1/NRF-2 are required for chrysin or apigenin-mediated lifespan extension. Temporary increases in ROS levels trigger an adaptive response in a mitohormetic way, thereby increasing oxidative stress capacity and cellular metabolic adaptation, finally leading to longevity. Thus, chrysin and apigenin represent a class of compounds isolated from natural products that delay senescence and improve age-related diseases by inhibiting mitochondrial function and shed new light on the function of additional plant-derived polyphenols in enhancing health and delaying aging. Collectively, this work provides an avenue for pharmacological inhibition of mitochondrial function and the mechanism underlining their lifespan-extending properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Bing-Hao Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Gui-Lin Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Ya-Ting Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jie Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Chen Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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Zhao X, Fu K, Xiang KP, Wang LY, Zhang YF, Luo YP. Comparison of the chronic and multigenerational toxicity of racemic glufosinate and l-glufosinate to Caenorhabditis elegans at environmental concentrations. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 316:137863. [PMID: 36649895 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.137863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Glufosinate-ammonium, the second largest transgene crop resistant herbicide, is classified as a mobile persistent pollutant by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agencybecause of its slow decomposition and easy mobile transfer in a water environment. The chronic and multigeneration toxicity of this compound to environmental organisms are alarming. In this study, racemic glufosinate-ammonium and the effective isomer, l-glufosinate-ammonium, were used as the test agents. The developmental, neurotoxic and reproductive toxicities of Caenorhabditis elegans to their parents and progeny were studied by continuous exposure in water at concentrations of 0.1, 1, 10 and 100 μg/L. The causes of toxicity differences were analysed from oxidative stress and transcription levels. Through oxidative stress of C. elegans, racemic glufosinate-ammonium and l-glufosinate-ammonium both mediated the developmental toxicity (shortened developmental cycle, reduced body length and width, promoted ageingand decreased longevity), neurotoxicity (inhibited head swinging, body bending frequency and acetylcholinesterase [AchE] activity) and reproductive toxicity (significant reductions in the number of eggs and offspring in vivo and induced apoptosis of gonadal cells). These phenomena caused oxidative damage (protein and membrane lipid peroxidation) and further induced apoptosis. The changes in various indicators caused by racemic glufosinate-ammonium exposure were more significant than those caused by l-glufosinate-ammonium exposure, and the reproduction-related indicators were more significant than the developmental and neurological indicators. A continuous accumulation of toxicity was observed after multiple generations of continuous exposure. These research results provide a data reference for the ecotoxicological evaluation and risk assessment of glufosinate-ammonium and contribute to the revision and improvement of the related environmental policies of glufosinate-ammonium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Zhao
- School of Plant Protection, Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Kan Fu
- School of Plant Protection, Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China; Hainan Radiation Environmental Monitoring Station, Haikou, 571126, China
| | - Kai-Ping Xiang
- School of Plant Protection, Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Lan-Ying Wang
- School of Plant Protection, Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Yun-Fei Zhang
- School of Plant Protection, Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Yan-Ping Luo
- School of Plant Protection, Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China.
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Zhang W, Li Z, Li G, Kong L, Jing H, Zhang N, Ning J, Gao S, Zhang Y, Wang X, Tao J. PM 2.5 induce lifespan reduction, insulin/IGF-1 signaling pathway disruption and lipid metabolism disorder in Caenorhabditis elegans. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1055175. [PMID: 36817915 PMCID: PMC9932997 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1055175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Exposure to fine particulate matter (PM), especially PM2.5, can induce various adverse health effects in populations, including diseases and premature death, but the mechanism of its toxicity is largely unknown. Methods Water-soluble components of PM2.5 (WS-PM2.5) were collected in the north of China in winter, and combined in two groups with the final concentrations of 94 μg/mL (CL group, AQI ≤ 100) and 119 μg/mL (CH group, 100 < AQI ≤ 200), respectively. The acute and long-term toxic effects of WS-PM2.5 samples were evaluated in several aspects such as development, lifespan, healthspan (locomotion behavior, heat stress tolerance, lipofucin). DAF mutants and genes were applied to verify the action of IIS pathway in WS-PM2.5 induced-effects. RNA-Sequencing was performed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms, as well as ROS production and Oil red O staining were also served as means of mechanism exploration. Results Body length and lifespan were shortened by exposure to WS-PM2.5. Healthspan of nematodes revealed adverse effects evaluated by head thrash, body bend, pharyngeal pump, as well as intestinal lipofuscin accumulation and survival time under heat stress. The abbreviated lifespan of daf-2(e1370) strain and reduced expression level of daf-16 and hsp-16.2 indicated that IIS pathway might be involved in the mechanism. Thirty-five abnormally expressed genes screened out by RNA-Sequencing techniques, were functionally enriched in lipid/lipid metabolism and transport, and may contribute substantially to the regulation of PM2.5 induced adverse effects in nematodes. Conclusion WS-PM2.5 exposure induce varying degrees of toxic effects, such as body development, shorten lifespan and healthspan. The IIS pathway and lipid metabolism/transport were disturbed by WS-PM2.5 during WS-PM2.5 exposure, suggesting their regulatory role in lifespan determination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Zhang
- Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, China
| | - Zinan Li
- Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, China,School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Guojun Li
- Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, China,School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Guojun Li ✉
| | - Ling Kong
- Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, China
| | - Haiming Jing
- Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, China,School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, China
| | - Junyu Ning
- Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, China,School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shan Gao
- Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Tao
- Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, China
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Chen JC, Wang R, Wei CC. Anti-aging effects of dietary phytochemicals: From Caenorhabditis elegans, Drosophila melanogaster, rodents to clinical studies. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023; 64:5958-5983. [PMID: 36597655 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2160961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Anti-aging research has become critical since the elderly population is increasing dramatically in this era. With the establishment of frailty phenotype and frailty index, the importance of anti-frailty research is concurrently enlightened. The application of natural phytochemicals against aging or frailty is always intriguing, and abundant related studies have been published. Various models are designed for biological research, and each model has its strength and weakness in deciphering the complex aging mechanisms. In this article, we attempt to show the potential of Caenorhabditis elegans in the study of phytochemicals' effects on anti-aging by comparing it to other animal models. In this review, the lifespan extension and anti-aging effects are demonstrated by various physical, cellular, or molecular biomarkers of dietary phytochemicals, including resveratrol, curcumin, urolithin A, sesamin, fisetin, quercetin, epigallocatechin-3-gallate, epicatechin, spermidine, sulforaphane, along with extracts of broccoli, cocoa, and blueberry. Meanwhile, the frequency of phytochemicals and models studied or presented in publications since 2010 were analyzed, and the most commonly mentioned animal models were rats, mice, and the nematode C. elegans. This up-to-date summary of the anti-aging effect of certain phytochemicals has demonstrated powerful potential for anti-aging or anti-frailty in the human population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Chi Chen
- Institute of Food Safety and Health, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Reuben Wang
- Institute of Food Safety and Health, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Master of Public Health Program, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Cheng Wei
- Institute of Food Safety and Health, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Public Health, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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10
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Hermeling JCW, Herholz M, Baumann L, Cores EC, Zečić A, Hoppe T, Riemer J, Trifunovic A. Mitochondria-originated redox signalling regulates KLF-1 to promote longevity in Caenorhabditis elegans. Redox Biol 2022; 58:102533. [PMID: 36442394 PMCID: PMC9709155 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Alternations of redox metabolism have been associated with the extension of lifespan in roundworm Caenorhabditis elegans, caused by moderate mitochondrial dysfunction, although the underlying signalling cascades are largely unknown. Previously, we identified transcriptional factor Krüppel-like factor-1 (KLF-1) as the main regulator of cytoprotective longevity-assurance pathways in the C. elegans long-lived mitochondrial mutants. Here, we show that KLF-1 translocation to the nucleus and the activation of the signalling cascade is dependent on the mitochondria-derived hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) produced during late developmental phases where aerobic respiration and somatic mitochondrial biogenesis peak. We further show that mitochondrial-inducible superoxide dismutase-3 (SOD-3), together with voltage-dependent anion channel-1 (VDAC-1), is required for the life-promoting H2O2 signalling that is further regulated by peroxiredoxin-3 (PRDX-3). Increased H2O2 release in the cytoplasm activates the p38 MAPK signalling cascade that induces KLF-1 translocation to the nucleus and the activation of transcription of C. elegans longevity-promoting genes, including cytoprotective cytochrome P450 oxidases. Taken together, our results underline the importance of redox-regulated signalling as the key regulator of longevity-inducing pathways in C. elegans, and position precisely timed mitochondria-derived H2O2 in the middle of it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes CW Hermeling
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Ageing-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Germany,Institute for Mitochondrial Diseases and Ageing, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, D-50931, Germany
| | - Marija Herholz
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Ageing-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Germany,Institute for Mitochondrial Diseases and Ageing, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, D-50931, Germany
| | - Linda Baumann
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Ageing-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Germany,Institute for Mitochondrial Diseases and Ageing, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, D-50931, Germany
| | - Estela Cepeda Cores
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Ageing-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Germany,Institute for Mitochondrial Diseases and Ageing, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, D-50931, Germany
| | - Aleksandra Zečić
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Ageing-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Germany,Institute for Mitochondrial Diseases and Ageing, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, D-50931, Germany
| | - Thorsten Hoppe
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Ageing-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Germany,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Cologne, D-50931, Germany,Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, Cologne, D-50674, Germany
| | - Jan Riemer
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Ageing-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Germany,Institute for Biochemistry, University of Cologne, Cologne, D-50931, Germany
| | - Aleksandra Trifunovic
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Ageing-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Germany,Institute for Mitochondrial Diseases and Ageing, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, D-50931, Germany,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Cologne, D-50931, Germany,Corresponding author. CECAD Research CenterUniversity of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 26, Cologne, D-50931, Germany.
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11
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Haslem L, Hays JM, Hays FA. p66Shc in Cardiovascular Pathology. Cells 2022; 11:cells11111855. [PMID: 35681549 PMCID: PMC9180016 DOI: 10.3390/cells11111855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
p66Shc is a widely expressed protein that governs a variety of cardiovascular pathologies by generating, and exacerbating, pro-apoptotic ROS signals. Here, we review p66Shc’s connections to reactive oxygen species, expression, localization, and discuss p66Shc signaling and mitochondrial functions. Emphasis is placed on recent p66Shc mitochondrial function discoveries including structure/function relationships, ROS identity and regulation, mechanistic insights, and how p66Shc-cyt c interactions can influence p66Shc mitochondrial function. Based on recent findings, a new p66Shc mitochondrial function model is also put forth wherein p66Shc acts as a rheostat that can promote or antagonize apoptosis. A discussion of how the revised p66Shc model fits previous findings in p66Shc-mediated cardiovascular pathology follows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Landon Haslem
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (L.H.); (J.M.H.)
| | - Jennifer M. Hays
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (L.H.); (J.M.H.)
| | - Franklin A. Hays
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (L.H.); (J.M.H.)
- Stephenson Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
- Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
- Correspondence:
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12
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Zhu A, Zheng F, Zhang W, Li L, Li Y, Hu H, Wu Y, Bao W, Li G, Wang Q, Li H. Oxidation and Antioxidation of Natural Products in the Model Organism Caenorhabditiselegans. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11040705. [PMID: 35453390 PMCID: PMC9029379 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11040705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural products are small molecules naturally produced by multiple sources such as plants, animals, fungi, bacteria and archaea. They exert both beneficial and detrimental effects by modulating biological targets and pathways involved in oxidative stress and antioxidant response. Natural products’ oxidative or antioxidative properties are usually investigated in preclinical experimental models, including virtual computing simulations, cell and tissue cultures, rodent and nonhuman primate animal models, and human studies. Due to the renewal of the concept of experimental animals, especially the popularization of alternative 3R methods for reduction, replacement and refinement, many assessment experiments have been carried out in new alternative models. The model organism Caenorhabditis elegans has been used for medical research since Sydney Brenner revealed its genetics in 1974 and has been introduced into pharmacology and toxicology in the past two decades. The data from C. elegans have been satisfactorily correlated with traditional experimental models. In this review, we summarize the advantages of C. elegans in assessing oxidative and antioxidative properties of natural products and introduce methods to construct an oxidative damage model in C. elegans. The biomarkers and signaling pathways involved in the oxidative stress of C. elegans are summarized, as well as the oxidation and antioxidation in target organs of the muscle, nervous, digestive and reproductive systems. This review provides an overview of the oxidative and antioxidative properties of natural products based on the model organism C. elegans.
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Affiliation(s)
- An Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350108, China; (Y.W.); (W.B.)
- Correspondence: (A.Z.); (G.L.); (Q.W.); (H.L.)
| | - Fuli Zheng
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350108, China; (F.Z.); (H.H.)
| | - Wenjing Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Traceability Technologies for Food Poisoning, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing 100013, China;
| | - Ludi Li
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; (L.L.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yingzi Li
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; (L.L.); (Y.L.)
| | - Hong Hu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350108, China; (F.Z.); (H.H.)
| | - Yajiao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350108, China; (Y.W.); (W.B.)
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Wenqiang Bao
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350108, China; (Y.W.); (W.B.)
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Guojun Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Traceability Technologies for Food Poisoning, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing 100013, China;
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
- Correspondence: (A.Z.); (G.L.); (Q.W.); (H.L.)
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; (L.L.); (Y.L.)
- Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Compatibility Toxicology, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
- Correspondence: (A.Z.); (G.L.); (Q.W.); (H.L.)
| | - Huangyuan Li
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350108, China; (F.Z.); (H.H.)
- The Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350108, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350108, China
- Correspondence: (A.Z.); (G.L.); (Q.W.); (H.L.)
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13
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Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have emerged as regulators of key processes supporting neuronal growth, function, and plasticity across lifespan. At normal physiological levels, ROS perform important roles as secondary messengers in diverse molecular processes such as regulating neuronal differentiation, polarization, synapse maturation, and neurotransmission. In contrast, high levels of ROS are toxic and can ultimately lead to cell death. Excitable cells, such as neurons, often require high levels of metabolic activity to perform their functions. As a consequence, these cells are more likely to produce high levels of ROS, potentially enhancing their susceptibility to oxidative damage. In addition, because neurons are generally post-mitotic, they may be subject to accumulating oxidative damage. Thus, maintaining tight control over ROS concentration in the nervous system is essential for proper neuronal development and function. We are developing a more complete understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms for control of ROS in these processes. This review focuses on ROS regulation of the developmental and functional properties of neurons, highlighting recent in vivo studies. We also discuss the current evidence linking oxidative damage to pathological conditions associated with neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders.
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14
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Austad SN, Ballinger S, Buford TW, Carter CS, Smith DL, Darley-Usmar V, Zhang J. Targeting whole body metabolism and mitochondrial bioenergetics in the drug development for Alzheimer's disease. Acta Pharm Sin B 2022; 12:511-531. [PMID: 35256932 PMCID: PMC8897048 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is by far the most prominent risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD), and both aging and AD are associated with apparent metabolic alterations. As developing effective therapeutic interventions to treat AD is clearly in urgent need, the impact of modulating whole-body and intracellular metabolism in preclinical models and in human patients, on disease pathogenesis, have been explored. There is also an increasing awareness of differential risk and potential targeting strategies related to biological sex, microbiome, and circadian regulation. As a major part of intracellular metabolism, mitochondrial bioenergetics, mitochondrial quality-control mechanisms, and mitochondria-linked inflammatory responses have been considered for AD therapeutic interventions. This review summarizes and highlights these efforts.
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Key Words
- ACE2, angiotensin I converting enzyme (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) 2
- AD, Alzheimer's disease
- ADP, adenosine diphosphate
- ADRD, AD-related dementias
- Aβ, amyloid β
- CSF, cerebrospinal fluid
- Circadian regulation
- DAMPs
- DAMPs, damage-associated molecular patterns
- Diabetes
- ER, estrogen receptor
- ETC, electron transport chain
- FCCP, trifluoromethoxy carbonylcyanide phenylhydrazone
- FPR-1, formyl peptide receptor 1
- GIP, glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide
- GLP-1, glucagon-like peptide-1
- HBP, hexoamine biosynthesis pathway
- HTRA, high temperature requirement A
- Hexokinase biosynthesis pathway
- I3A, indole-3-carboxaldehyde
- IRF-3, interferon regulatory factor 3
- LC3, microtubule associated protein light chain 3
- LPS, lipopolysaccharide
- LRR, leucine-rich repeat
- MAVS, mitochondrial anti-viral signaling
- MCI, mild cognitive impairment
- MRI, magnetic resonance imaging
- MRS, magnetic resonance spectroscopy
- Mdivi-1, mitochondrial division inhibitor 1
- Microbiome
- Mitochondrial DNA
- Mitochondrial electron transport chain
- Mitochondrial quality control
- NLRP3, leucine-rich repeat (LRR)-containing protein (NLR)-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3
- NOD, nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain
- NeuN, neuronal nuclear protein
- PET, fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-positron emission tomography
- PKA, protein kinase A
- POLβ, the base-excision repair enzyme DNA polymerase β
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- Reactive species
- SAMP8, senescence-accelerated mice
- SCFAs, short-chain fatty acids
- SIRT3, NAD-dependent deacetylase sirtuin-3
- STING, stimulator of interferon genes
- STZ, streptozotocin
- SkQ1, plastoquinonyldecyltriphenylphosphonium
- T2D, type 2 diabetes
- TCA, Tricarboxylic acid
- TLR9, toll-like receptor 9
- TMAO, trimethylamine N-oxide
- TP, tricyclic pyrone
- TRF, time-restricted feeding
- cAMP, cyclic adenosine monophosphate
- cGAS, cyclic GMP/AMP synthase
- hAPP, human amyloid precursor protein
- hPREP, human presequence protease
- i.p., intraperitoneal
- mTOR, mechanistic target of rapamycin
- mtDNA, mitochondrial DNA
- αkG, alpha-ketoglutarate
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven N. Austad
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Scott Ballinger
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Thomas W. Buford
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Christy S. Carter
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Daniel L. Smith
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Victor Darley-Usmar
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
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15
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Gems D. The hyperfunction theory: An emerging paradigm for the biology of aging. Ageing Res Rev 2022; 74:101557. [PMID: 34990845 PMCID: PMC7612201 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The process of senescence (aging) is predominantly determined by the action of wild-type genes. For most organisms, this does not reflect any adaptive function that senescence serves, but rather evolutionary effects of declining selection against genes with deleterious effects later in life. To understand aging requires an account of how evolutionary mechanisms give rise to pathogenic gene action and late-life disease, that integrates evolutionary (ultimate) and mechanistic (proximate) causes into a single explanation. A well-supported evolutionary explanation by G.C. Williams argues that senescence can evolve due to pleiotropic effects of alleles with antagonistic effects on fitness and late-life health (antagonistic pleiotropy, AP). What has remained unclear is how gene action gives rise to late-life disease pathophysiology. One ultimate-proximate account is T.B.L. Kirkwood's disposable soma theory. Based on the hypothesis that stochastic molecular damage causes senescence, this reasons that aging is coupled to reproductive fitness due to preferential investment of resources into reproduction, rather than somatic maintenance. An alternative and more recent ultimate-proximate theory argues that aging is largely caused by programmatic, developmental-type mechanisms. Here ideas about AP and programmatic aging are reviewed, particularly those of M.V. Blagosklonny (the hyperfunction theory) and J.P. de Magalhães (the developmental theory), and their capacity to make sense of diverse experimental findings is assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Gems
- Institute of Healthy Ageing, and Research Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
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16
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Ma X, Li J, Zhang Y, Hacariz O, Xia J, Simpson BK, Wang Z. Oxidative stress suppression in C. elegans by peptides from dogfish skin via regulation of transcription factors DAF-16 and HSF-1. Food Funct 2021; 13:716-724. [PMID: 34935822 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo02271g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Functional peptides were obtained via enzymatic hydrolysis of smooth dogfish (Mustelus canis) skin. The enzyme-assisted process was optimized to achieve high yield of smooth dogfish skin peptides (SDSP). Fractions of SDSP (MW < 2 kDa, 2-5 kDa, 5-10 kDa and >10 kDa) showed in vitro antioxidant activities. The peptides <2 kDa (SDSP<2 kDa) significantly improved motility, reduced ROS and H2O2 levels of Caenorhabditis elegans, and increased its resistance to oxidative stress compared to the other peptide fractions. In vivo function of SDSP<2 kDa could be explained by their capacity to increase the expression of stress-response genes. The enhanced resistance to oxidative stress mediated by SDSP<2 kDa was dependent on DAF-16 and HSF-1. The amino acid residues and sequences of SDSP<2 kDa were characterized and revealed a higher content of hydrophobic versus polar amino acid contents. This study (especially the in vivo investigation) explored new potent antioxidant peptides derived from dogfish skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Ma
- College of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, PR China. .,Department of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry, McGill University, Québec, H9X 3V9, Canada.
| | - Jiao Li
- College of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, PR China.
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry, McGill University, Québec, H9X 3V9, Canada. .,IPREM, E2S UPPA, CNRS, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, 64000 Pau, France
| | - Orcun Hacariz
- Institute of Parasitology, McGill University, Québec, H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Jianguo Xia
- Institute of Parasitology, McGill University, Québec, H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Benjamin K Simpson
- Department of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry, McGill University, Québec, H9X 3V9, Canada.
| | - Zhuanhua Wang
- College of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, PR China.
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17
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Gems D, de Magalhães JP. The hoverfly and the wasp: A critique of the hallmarks of aging as a paradigm. Ageing Res Rev 2021; 70:101407. [PMID: 34271186 PMCID: PMC7611451 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
With the goal of representing common denominators of aging in different organisms López-Otín et al. in 2013 described nine hallmarks of aging. Since then, this representation has become a major reference point for the biogerontology field. The template for the hallmarks of aging account originated from landmark papers by Hanahan and Weinberg (2000, 2011) defining first six and later ten hallmarks of cancer. Here we assess the strengths and weaknesses of the hallmarks of aging account. As a checklist of diverse major foci of current aging research, it has provided a useful shared overview for biogerontology during a time of transition in the field. It also seems useful in applied biogerontology, to identify interventions (e.g. drugs) that impact multiple symptomatic features of aging. However, while the hallmarks of cancer provide a paradigmatic account of the causes of cancer with profound explanatory power, the hallmarks of aging do not. A worry is that as a non-paradigm the hallmarks of aging have obscured the urgent need to define a genuine paradigm, one that can provide a useful basis for understanding the mechanistic causes of the diverse aging pathologies. We argue that biogerontology must look and move beyond the hallmarks to understand the process of aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Gems
- Institute of Healthy Ageing, and Research Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom.
| | - João Pedro de Magalhães
- Integrative Genomics of Ageing Group, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L7 8TX, United Kingdom
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18
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Gems D, Kern CC, Nour J, Ezcurra M. Reproductive Suicide: Similar Mechanisms of Aging in C. elegans and Pacific Salmon. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:688788. [PMID: 34513830 PMCID: PMC8430333 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.688788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In some species of salmon, reproductive maturity triggers the development of massive pathology resulting from reproductive effort, leading to rapid post-reproductive death. Such reproductive death, which occurs in many semelparous organisms (with a single bout of reproduction), can be prevented by blocking reproductive maturation, and this can increase lifespan dramatically. Reproductive death is often viewed as distinct from senescence in iteroparous organisms (with multiple bouts of reproduction) such as humans. Here we review the evidence that reproductive death occurs in C. elegans and discuss what this means for its use as a model organism to study aging. Inhibiting insulin/IGF-1 signaling and germline removal suppresses reproductive death and greatly extends lifespan in C. elegans, but can also extend lifespan to a small extent in iteroparous organisms. We argue that mechanisms of senescence operative in reproductive death exist in a less catastrophic form in iteroparous organisms, particularly those that involve costly resource reallocation, and exhibit endocrine-regulated plasticity. Thus, mechanisms of senescence in semelparous organisms (including plants) and iteroparous ones form an etiological continuum. Therefore understanding mechanisms of reproductive death in C. elegans can teach us about some mechanisms of senescence that are operative in iteroparous organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Gems
- Institute of Healthy Ageing, Research Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Carina C. Kern
- Institute of Healthy Ageing, Research Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Joseph Nour
- Institute of Healthy Ageing, Research Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Marina Ezcurra
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, United Kingdom
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19
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Long-Term Caffeine Intake Exerts Protective Effects on Intestinal Aging by Regulating Vitellogenesis and Mitochondrial Function in an Aged Caenorhabditis Elegans Model. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13082517. [PMID: 34444677 PMCID: PMC8398797 DOI: 10.3390/nu13082517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Caffeine, a methylxanthine derived from plants, is the most widely consumed ingredient in daily life. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the effects of caffeine intake on essential biological activities. In this study, we attempted to determine the possible anti-aging effects of long-term caffeine intake in the intestine of an aged Caenorhabditis elegans model. We examined changes in intestinal integrity, production of vitellogenin (VIT), and mitochondrial function after caffeine intake. To evaluate intestinal aging, actin-5 (ACT-5) mislocalization, lumenal expansion, and intestinal colonization were examined after caffeine intake, and the levels of vitellogenesis as well as the mitochondrial activity were measured. We found that the long-term caffeine intake (10 mM) in the L4-stage worms at 25 °C for 3 days suppressed ACT-5 mislocalization. Furthermore, the level of autophagy, which is normally increased in aging animals, was significantly reduced in these animals, and their mitochondrial functions improved after caffeine intake. In addition, the caffeine-ingesting aging animals showed high resistance to oxidative stress and increased the expression of antioxidant proteins. Taken together, these findings reveal that caffeine may be a potential anti-aging agent that can suppress intestinal atrophy during the progression of intestinal aging.
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20
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Synergistic Neuroprotective Effects of a Natural Product Mixture against AD Hallmarks and Cognitive Decline in Caenorhabditis elegans and an SAMP8 Mice Model. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13072411. [PMID: 34371921 PMCID: PMC8308558 DOI: 10.3390/nu13072411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The study of different natural products can provide a wealth of bioactive compounds, and more interestingly, their combination can exert a new strategy for several neurodegenerative diseases with major public health importance, such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Here, we investigated the synergistic neuroprotective effects of a mixed extract composed of docosahexaenoic acid, Ginkgo biloba, D-pinitol, and ursolic acid in several transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) and a senescence-accelerated prone mice 8 (SAMP8) model. First, we found a significantly higher survival percentage in the C. elegans group treated with the natural product mixture compared to the single extract-treated groups. Likewise, we found a significantly increased lifespan in group of C. elegans treated with the natural product mixture compared to the other groups, suggesting synergistic effects. Remarkably, we determined a significant reduction in Aβ plaque accumulation in the group of C. elegans treated with the natural product mixture compared to the other groups, confirming synergy. Finally, we demonstrated better cognitive performance in the group treated with the natural product mixture in both AD models (neuronal Aβ C. elegans strain CL2355 and the SAMP8 mice model), confirming the molecular results and unraveling the synergist effects of this combination. Therefore, our results proved the potential of this new natural product mixture for AD therapeutic strategies.
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21
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Li J, Qu M, Wang M, Yue Y, Chen Z, Liu R, Bu Y, Li Y. Reproductive toxicity and underlying mechanisms of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate in nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. J Environ Sci (China) 2021; 105:1-10. [PMID: 34130826 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2020.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
DEHP (di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate) is an endocrine disruptor commonly found in plastic products that has been associated with reproduction alterations, but the effect of DEHP on toxicity is still widely unknown. Using DEHP concentrations of 10, 1, and 0.1 mg/L, we showed that DEHP reduced the reproductive capacity of Caenorhabditis elegans after 72 hr. of exposure. DEHP exposure reduced the reproductive capacity in terms of decreased brood sizes, egg hatchability (0.1, 1 and 10 mg/L), and egg-laying rate (1 and 10 mg/L), and increased numbers of fertilized eggs in the uterus (1 and 10 mg/L). DEHP also caused damage to gonad development. DEHP decreased the total number of germline cells, and decreased the relative area of the gonad arm of all exposure groups, with worms in the 1 mg/L DEHP exposure group having the minimum gonad arm area. Additionally, DEHP caused a significant concentration-dependent increase in the expression of unc-86. Autophagy and ROS contributed to the enhancement of DEHP toxicity in reducing reproductive capacity, and glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase were activated as the antioxidant defense in this study. Hence, we found that DEHP has a dual effect on nematodes. Higher concentration (10 mg/L) DEHP can inhibit the expression of autophagy genes (atg-18, atg-7, bec-1, lgg-1 and unc-51), and lower concentrations (0.1 and 1 mg/L) can promote the expression of autophagy genes. Our data highlight the potential environmental risk of DEHP in inducing reproductive toxicity toward the gonad development and reproductive capacity of environmental organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Li
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Man Qu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Mei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Ying Yue
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Zhaofang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Ran Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yuanqing Bu
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Science, Key Laboratory of Pesticide Environmental Assessment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing 210042, China
| | - Yunhui Li
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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Red Cabbage Rather Than Green Cabbage Increases Stress Resistance and Extends the Lifespan of Caenorhabditis elegans. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10060930. [PMID: 34201067 PMCID: PMC8228718 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10060930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Many studies have demonstrated that cabbages possess various biological activities, and our previous studies confirmed that cyanidin-3-diglucoside-5-glucoside (CY3D5G), the major core of red cabbage anthocyanins, exhibited in vitro antioxidant activity. This study further investigated the protective effects of CY3D5G derivative from red cabbage juice (RCJ) on oxidative stress and lifespan in cells and Caenorhabditis elegans, green cabbage juice (GCJ) was used as control. RCJ rather than GCJ significantly improved cell viability and decreased lactate dehydrogenase release in H2O2-induced caco-2 cells. RCJ significantly increased survival during oxidative and heat stress and mean lifespan in C. elegans by 171.63% and 31.64%, and 28.16%, respectively, while GCJ treatment showed no significant effects (p < 0.05). These results might be attributed to significantly (p < 0.05) higher contents of total phenolics, ascorbic acid, glucosinolates, and anthocyanins in RCJ compared to those in GCJ. Additionally, both of them decreased autofluorescence and reproductive capacity, increased body length, but did not alter the intracellular ROS level. Prolonged lifespan by RCJ might require heat-shock transcription factor pathway, sirtuin signaling, and calmodulin kinase II pathway, independent of insulin/insulin-like growth factor-1 signaling pathway. RCJ showed promising antioxidant properties in caco-2 cells and C. elegans, which provided more information on the health benefits of cabbage.
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23
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Teseo S, Houot B, Yang K, Monnier V, Liu G, Tricoire H. G. sinense and P. notoginseng Extracts Improve Healthspan of Aging Flies and Provide Protection in A Huntington Disease Model. Aging Dis 2021; 12:425-440. [PMID: 33815875 PMCID: PMC7990376 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2020.0714-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last decades, the strong increase in the proportion of older people worldwide, and the increased prevalence of age associated degenerative diseases, have put a stronger focus on aging biology. In spite of important progresses in our understanding of the aging process, an integrative view is still lacking and there is still need for efficient anti-aging interventions that could improve healthspan, reduce incidence of age-related disease and, eventually, increase the lifespan. Interestingly, some compounds from traditional medicine have been found to possess anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory properties, suggesting that they could play a role as anti-aging compounds, although in depth in vivo investigations are still scarce. In this study we used one the major aging model organisms, Drosophila melanogaster, to investigate the ability of four herb extracts (HEs: Dendrobium candidum, Ophiopogon japonicum, Ganoderma sinense and Panax notoginseng) widely used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) to slow down aging and improve healthspan of aged animals. Combining multiple approaches (stress resistance assays, lifespan and metabolic measurements, functional heart characterizations and behavioral assays), we show that these four HEs provide in vivo protection from various insults, albeit with significant compound-specific differences. Importantly, extracts of P. notoginseng and G. sinense increase the healthspan of aging animals, as shown by increased activity during aging and improved heart function. In addition, these two compounds also provide protection in a Drosophila model of Huntington’s disease (HD), suggesting that, besides their anti-aging properties in normal individuals, they could be also efficient in the protection against age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serafino Teseo
- 1Université de Paris, BFA, UMR 8251, CNRS, F-75013 Paris, France.,2School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Benjamin Houot
- 1Université de Paris, BFA, UMR 8251, CNRS, F-75013 Paris, France
| | | | | | | | - Hervé Tricoire
- 1Université de Paris, BFA, UMR 8251, CNRS, F-75013 Paris, France
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24
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Health and longevity studies in C. elegans: the "healthy worm database" reveals strengths, weaknesses and gaps of test compound-based studies. Biogerontology 2021; 22:215-236. [PMID: 33683565 PMCID: PMC7973913 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-021-09913-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Several biogerontology databases exist that focus on genetic or gene expression data linked to health as well as survival, subsequent to compound treatments or genetic manipulations in animal models. However, none of these has yet collected experimental results of compound-related health changes. Since quality of life is often regarded as more valuable than length of life, we aim to fill this gap with the “Healthy Worm Database” (http://healthy-worm-database.eu). Literature describing health-related compound studies in the aging model Caenorhabditis elegans was screened, and data for 440 compounds collected. The database considers 189 publications describing 89 different phenotypes measured in 2995 different conditions. Besides enabling a targeted search for promising compounds for further investigations, this database also offers insights into the research field of studies on healthy aging based on a frequently used model organism. Some weaknesses of C. elegans-based aging studies, like underrepresented phenotypes, especially concerning cognitive functions, as well as the convenience-based use of young worms as the starting point for compound treatment or phenotype measurement are discussed. In conclusion, the database provides an anchor for the search for compounds affecting health, with a link to public databases, and it further highlights some potential shortcomings in current aging research.
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25
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Shields HJ, Traa A, Van Raamsdonk JM. Beneficial and Detrimental Effects of Reactive Oxygen Species on Lifespan: A Comprehensive Review of Comparative and Experimental Studies. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:628157. [PMID: 33644065 PMCID: PMC7905231 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.628157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is the greatest risk factor for a multitude of diseases including cardiovascular disease, neurodegeneration and cancer. Despite decades of research dedicated to understanding aging, the mechanisms underlying the aging process remain incompletely understood. The widely-accepted free radical theory of aging (FRTA) proposes that the accumulation of oxidative damage caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS) is one of the primary causes of aging. To define the relationship between ROS and aging, there have been two main approaches: comparative studies that measure outcomes related to ROS across species with different lifespans, and experimental studies that modulate ROS levels within a single species using either a genetic or pharmacologic approach. Comparative studies have shown that levels of ROS and oxidative damage are inversely correlated with lifespan. While these studies in general support the FRTA, this type of experiment can only demonstrate correlation, not causation. Experimental studies involving the manipulation of ROS levels in model organisms have generally shown that interventions that increase ROS tend to decrease lifespan, while interventions that decrease ROS tend to increase lifespan. However, there are also multiple examples in which the opposite is observed: increasing ROS levels results in extended longevity, and decreasing ROS levels results in shortened lifespan. While these studies contradict the predictions of the FRTA, these experiments have been performed in a very limited number of species, all of which have a relatively short lifespan. Overall, the data suggest that the relationship between ROS and lifespan is complex, and that ROS can have both beneficial or detrimental effects on longevity depending on the species and conditions. Accordingly, the relationship between ROS and aging is difficult to generalize across the tree of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hazel J Shields
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Metabolic Disorders and Complications Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Brain Repair and Integrative Neuroscience Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Annika Traa
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Metabolic Disorders and Complications Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Brain Repair and Integrative Neuroscience Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jeremy M Van Raamsdonk
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Metabolic Disorders and Complications Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Brain Repair and Integrative Neuroscience Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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26
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Saier C, Storbeck S, Baier S, Dietz H, Wätjen W. Rosemary extract modulates stress resistance and accumulation of reactive oxygen species in the model organism Caenorhabditis elegans. PHARMANUTRITION 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phanu.2020.100233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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27
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Antioxidant Peptides from Sepia esculenta Hydrolyzate Attenuate Oxidative Stress and Fat Accumulation in Caenorhabditis elegans. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:md18100490. [PMID: 32993031 PMCID: PMC7599988 DOI: 10.3390/md18100490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The hydrolysate of golden cuttlefish (Sepia esculenta) was prepared by using papain, and then, it was further separated by ultrafiltration, gel filtration chromatography, and reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). The peptide components of the active fraction were identified by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), and then two novel peptides, SeP2 (DVEDLEAGLAK, 1159.27 Da) and SeP5 (EITSLAPSTM, 1049.22 Da), were obtained and displayed significant alleviation effects on oxidative stress in Caenorhabditis elegans. Studies indicated that S. esculenta antioxidant peptides (SePs) increase superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity but reduce reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levelsin oxidation-damaged nematodes. Using transgenic CF1553 nematodes, the sod-3p::GFP expression in the worms treated with SePs was significantly higher than that of the control nematodes. Real-time PCR also demonstrated that the expression of stress-related genes such as sod-3 is up-regulated by SePs. Furthermore, studies showed that SePs could obviously decrease fat accumulation as well as reduce the elevated ROS and MDA levels in high-fat nematodes. Taken together, these results indicated that SePs are capable of the activation of antioxidant defense and the inhibition of free radicals and lipid peroxidation, play important roles in attenuating oxidative stress and fat accumulation in C. elegans, and might have the potential to be used in nutraceutical and functional foods.
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28
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The SEM-4 Transcription Factor Is Required for Regulation of the Oxidative Stress Response in Caenorhabditis elegans. G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS 2020; 10:3379-3385. [PMID: 32718932 PMCID: PMC7466988 DOI: 10.1534/g3.120.401316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress causes damage to cells by creating reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the overproduction of ROS have been linked to the onset of premature aging. We previously found that a brap-2 (BRCA1 associated protein 2) mutant significantly increases the expression of phase II detoxification enzymes in C. elegans An RNAi suppression screen to identify transcription factors involved in the production of gst-4 mRNA in brap-2 worms identified SEM-4 as a potential candidate. Here, we show that knockdown of sem-4 suppresses the activation of gst-4 caused by the mutation in brap-2 We also demonstrate that sem-4 is required for survival upon exposure to oxidative stress and that SEM-4 is required for expression of the transcription factor SKN-1C. These findings identify a novel role for SEM-4 in ROS detoxification by regulating expression of SKN-1C and the phase II detoxification genes.
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29
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Caernohabditis elegans as a Model Organism to Evaluate the Antioxidant Effects of Phytochemicals. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25143194. [PMID: 32668705 PMCID: PMC7397024 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25143194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans was introduced as a model organism in biological research by Sydney Brenner in the 1970s. Since then, it has been increasingly used for investigating processes such as ageing, oxidative stress, neurodegeneration, or inflammation, for which there is a high degree of homology between C. elegans and human pathways, so that the worm offers promising possibilities to study mechanisms of action and effects of phytochemicals of foods and plants. In this paper, the genes and pathways regulating oxidative stress in C. elegans are discussed, as well as the methodological approaches used for their evaluation in the worm. In particular, the following aspects are reviewed: the use of stress assays, determination of chemical and biochemical markers (e.g., ROS, carbonylated proteins, lipid peroxides or altered DNA), influence on gene expression and the employment of mutant worm strains, either carrying loss-of-function mutations or fluorescent reporters, such as the GFP.
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30
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Ng LT, Ng LF, Tang RMY, Barardo D, Halliwell B, Moore PK, Gruber J. Lifespan and healthspan benefits of exogenous H 2S in C. elegans are independent from effects downstream of eat-2 mutation. NPJ Aging Mech Dis 2020; 6:6. [PMID: 32566245 PMCID: PMC7287109 DOI: 10.1038/s41514-020-0044-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Caloric restriction (CR) is one of the most effective interventions to prolong lifespan and promote health. Recently, it has been suggested that hydrogen sulfide (H2S) may play a pivotal role in mediating some of these CR-associated benefits. While toxic at high concentrations, H2S at lower concentrations can be biologically advantageous. H2S levels can be artificially elevated via H2S-releasing donor drugs. In this study, we explored the function of a novel, slow-releasing H2S donor drug (FW1256) and used it as a tool to investigate H2S in the context of CR and as a potential CR mimetic. We show that exposure to FW1256 extends lifespan and promotes health in Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) more robustly than some previous H2S-releasing compounds, including GYY4137. We looked at the extent to which FW1256 reproduces CR-associated physiological effects in normal-feeding C. elegans. We found that FW1256 promoted healthy longevity to a similar degree as CR but with fewer fitness costs. In contrast to CR, FW1256 actually enhanced overall reproductive capacity and did not reduce adult body length. FW1256 further extended the lifespan of already long-lived eat-2 mutants without further detriments in developmental timing or fertility, but these lifespan and healthspan benefits required H2S exposure to begin early in development. Taken together, these observations suggest that FW1256 delivers exogenous H2S efficiently and supports a role for H2S in mediating longevity benefits of CR. Delivery of H2S via FW1256, however, does not mimic CR perfectly, suggesting that the role of H2S in CR-associated longevity is likely more complex than previously described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Theng Ng
- Ageing Research Laboratory, Science Division, Yale-NUS College, Singapore, 138527 Singapore.,Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117600 Singapore.,Neurobiology Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117456 Singapore
| | - Li Fang Ng
- Ageing Research Laboratory, Science Division, Yale-NUS College, Singapore, 138527 Singapore
| | - Richard Ming Yi Tang
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117596 Singapore.,Neurobiology Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117456 Singapore.,NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences & Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117456 Singapore
| | - Diogo Barardo
- Ageing Research Laboratory, Science Division, Yale-NUS College, Singapore, 138527 Singapore.,Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117596 Singapore
| | - Barry Halliwell
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117596 Singapore.,Neurobiology Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117456 Singapore
| | - Philip Keith Moore
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117600 Singapore.,Neurobiology Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117456 Singapore
| | - Jan Gruber
- Ageing Research Laboratory, Science Division, Yale-NUS College, Singapore, 138527 Singapore.,Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117596 Singapore
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31
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Sornda T, Ezcurra M, Kern C, Galimov ER, Au C, de la Guardia Y, Gems D. Production of YP170 Vitellogenins Promotes Intestinal Senescence in Caenorhabditis elegans. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2020; 74:1180-1188. [PMID: 30854561 PMCID: PMC6625598 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glz067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
During aging, etiologies of senescence cause multiple pathologies, leading to morbidity and death. To understand aging requires identification of these etiologies. For example, Caenorhabditis elegans hermaphrodites consume their own intestinal biomass to support yolk production, which in later life drives intestinal atrophy and ectopic yolk deposition. Yolk proteins (YPs; vitellogenins) exist as three abundant species: YP170, derived from vit-1–vit-5; and YP115 and YP88, derived from vit-6. Here, we show that inhibiting YP170 synthesis leads to a reciprocal increase in YP115/YP88 levels and vice versa, an effect involving posttranscriptional mechanisms. Inhibiting YP170 production alone, despite increasing YP115/YP88 synthesis, reduces intestinal atrophy as much as inhibition of all YP synthesis, which increases life span. By contrast, inhibiting YP115/YP88 production alone accelerates intestinal atrophy and reduces life span, an effect that is dependent on increased YP170 production. Thus, despite copious abundance of both YP170 and YP115/YP88, only YP170 production is coupled to intestinal atrophy and shortened life span. In addition, increasing levels of YP115/YP88 but not of YP170 increases resistance to oxidative stress; thus, longevity resulting from reduced vitellogenin synthesis is not attributable to oxidative stress resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanet Sornda
- Institute of Healthy Ageing, Research Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, UK.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Marina Ezcurra
- Institute of Healthy Ageing, Research Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, UK.,School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK
| | - Carina Kern
- Institute of Healthy Ageing, Research Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, UK
| | - Evgeniy R Galimov
- Institute of Healthy Ageing, Research Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, UK
| | - Catherine Au
- Institute of Healthy Ageing, Research Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, UK
| | - Yila de la Guardia
- Institute of Healthy Ageing, Research Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, UK.,Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología, Ciudad del Saber, Panama
| | - David Gems
- Institute of Healthy Ageing, Research Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, UK
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32
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Dues DJ, Andrews EK, Senchuk MM, Van Raamsdonk JM. Resistance to Stress Can Be Experimentally Dissociated From Longevity. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2020; 74:1206-1214. [PMID: 30247515 PMCID: PMC6625593 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/gly213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
On the basis of multiple experiments demonstrating that high resistance to stress is associated with long lifespan, it has been proposed that stress resistance is a key determinant of longevity. However, the extent to which high resistance to stress is necessary or sufficient for long life is currently unclear. In this work, we use a genetic approach to disrupt different stress response pathways and examine the resulting effect on the longevity of the long-lived insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) receptor mutant daf-2. Although mutation of the heat shock factor gene hsf-1, deletion of sod genes, deletion of the p38 MAPK kinase gene pmk-1, or deletion of the transcription factor gene egl-27 all resulted in decreased resistance to at least one form of stress and decreased lifespan, the magnitude of change in stress resistance did not correspond to the magnitude of change in lifespan. In addition, we found that deletion of the glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase genes gpdh-1 and gpdh-2 or deletion of the DAF-16 cofactor gene nhl-1 also results in decreased resistance to at least one form of stress but increases lifespan. Overall, our results suggest that while increased stress resistance is associated with longevity, stress resistance, and lifespan can be experimentally dissociated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan J Dues
- Laboratory of Aging and Neurodegenerative Disease, Center for Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan
| | - Emily K Andrews
- Laboratory of Aging and Neurodegenerative Disease, Center for Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan
| | - Megan M Senchuk
- Laboratory of Aging and Neurodegenerative Disease, Center for Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan
| | - Jeremy M Van Raamsdonk
- Laboratory of Aging and Neurodegenerative Disease, Center for Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan.,Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec.,Metabolic Disorders and Complications Program.,Brain Repair and Integrative Neuroscience Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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33
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Kramer-Drauberg M, Liu JL, Desjardins D, Wang Y, Branicky R, Hekimi S. ROS regulation of RAS and vulva development in Caenorhabditis elegans. PLoS Genet 2020; 16:e1008838. [PMID: 32544191 PMCID: PMC7319342 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1008838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are signalling molecules whose study in intact organisms has been hampered by their potential toxicity. This has prevented a full understanding of their role in organismal processes such as development, aging and disease. In Caenorhabditis elegans, the development of the vulva is regulated by a signalling cascade that includes LET-60ras (homologue of mammalian Ras), MPK-1 (ERK1/2) and LIN-1 (an ETS transcription factor). We show that both mitochondrial and cytoplasmic ROS act on a gain-of-function (gf) mutant of the LET-60ras protein through a redox-sensitive cysteine (C118) previously identified in mammals. We show that the prooxidant paraquat as well as isp-1, nuo-6 and sod-2 mutants, which increase mitochondrial ROS, inhibit the activity of LET-60rasgf on vulval development. In contrast, the antioxidant NAC and loss of sod-1, both of which decrease cytoplasmic H202, enhance the activity of LET-60rasgf. CRISPR replacement of C118 with a non-oxidizable serine (C118S) stimulates LET-60rasgf activity, whereas replacement of C118 with aspartate (C118D), which mimics a strongly oxidised cysteine, inhibits LET-60rasgf. These data strongly suggest that C118 is oxidized by cytoplasmic H202 generated from dismutation of mitochondrial and/or cytoplasmic superoxide, and that this oxidation inhibits LET-60ras. This contrasts with results in cultured mammalian cells where it is mostly nitric oxide, which is not found in worms, that oxidizes C118 and activates Ras. Interestingly, PQ, NAC and the C118S mutation do not act on the phosphorylation of MPK-1, suggesting that oxidation of LET-60ras acts on an as yet uncharacterized MPK-1-independent pathway. We also show that elevated cytoplasmic superoxide promotes vulva formation independently of C118 of LET-60ras and downstream of LIN-1. Finally, we uncover a role for the NADPH oxidases (BLI-3 and DUOX-2) and their redox-sensitive activator CED-10rac in stimulating vulva development. Thus, there are at least three genetically separable pathways by which ROS regulates vulval development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ju-Ling Liu
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - David Desjardins
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Robyn Branicky
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Siegfried Hekimi
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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34
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Wang X, Li H, Liu Y, Wu H, Wang H, Jin S, Lu Y, Chang S, Liu R, Peng Y, Guo Z, Wang X. Velvet antler methanol extracts (MEs) protects against oxidative stress in Caenorhabditis elegans by SKN-1. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 121:109668. [PMID: 31766103 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Velvet antler is one of the most important animal medicines or functional foods widely used in East Asia for many centuries, which has several biological activities including anti-ageing and health promotion. To date, the mechanism underlying these effects of velvet antler is widely studied by its protein or polypeptide components. Few studies have been reported for the function of the other components in velvet antler. Herein, C. elegans is used as the model animal to dissect how none protein components of velvet antler affect in vivo oxidative stress. Methanol extracts (MEs) from velvet antler which has few protein components extends the maximum lifespan of C. elegans compared to the control under oxidative stress, while water extracts (WEs) which is protein-rich component has no apparent function. The activity of MEs is mediated by clk-1 signaling pathway, but not via daf-2, eat-2 or glp-1 pathway. Further investigations show MEs decrease endogenous ROS by promoting SKN-1 nuclei translocation, subsequently up-regulating the expression of its target genes gst-4, gst-7 and gst-10 in C. elegans. In all, MEs, the none protein components of velvet antler, protects against oxidative stress in C. elegans, which indicates it might be a product with potential of being a curative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Wang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China; State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Hongyuan Li
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Key Laboratory of Special Animal Molecular Biology of Jilin Province, Specialty Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130112, China
| | - Hua Wu
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Hongshuang Wang
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
| | - Sha Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Yuyuan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Shuzhuo Chang
- Key Laboratory of Special Animal Molecular Biology of Jilin Province, Specialty Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130112, China
| | - Renjie Liu
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Yinghua Peng
- Key Laboratory of Special Animal Molecular Biology of Jilin Province, Specialty Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130112, China.
| | - Zhijun Guo
- College of Marine Science and Biological Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao, 266042, China; College of Agriculture, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, China.
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China; Department of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China.
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Benedetto A, Bambade T, Au C, Tullet JM, Monkhouse J, Dang H, Cetnar K, Chan B, Cabreiro F, Gems D. New label-free automated survival assays reveal unexpected stress resistance patterns during C. elegans aging. Aging Cell 2019; 18:e12998. [PMID: 31309734 PMCID: PMC6718543 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Caenorhabditis elegans is an excellent model for high‐throughput experimental approaches but lacks an automated means to pinpoint time of death during survival assays over a short time frame, that is, easy to implement, highly scalable, robust, and versatile. Here, we describe an automated, label‐free, high‐throughput method using death‐associated fluorescence to monitor nematode population survival (dubbed LFASS for label‐free automated survival scoring), which we apply to severe stress and infection resistance assays. We demonstrate its use to define correlations between age, longevity, and severe stress resistance, and its applicability to parasitic nematodes. The use of LFASS to assess the effects of aging on susceptibility to severe stress revealed an unexpected increase in stress resistance with advancing age, which was largely autophagy‐dependent. Correlation analysis further revealed that while severe thermal stress resistance positively correlates with lifespan, severe oxidative stress resistance does not. This supports the view that temperature‐sensitive protein‐handling processes more than redox homeostasis underpin aging in C. elegans. That the ages of peak resistance to infection, severe oxidative stress, heat shock, and milder stressors differ markedly suggests that stress resistance and health span do not show a simple correspondence in C. elegans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Benedetto
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, Institute of Healthy Ageing University College London London UK
- Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences Lancaster University Lancaster UK
| | - Timothée Bambade
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, Institute of Healthy Ageing University College London London UK
| | - Catherine Au
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, Institute of Healthy Ageing University College London London UK
- Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences Lancaster University Lancaster UK
| | - Jennifer M.A. Tullet
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, Institute of Healthy Ageing University College London London UK
- School of Biosciences University of Kent Canterbury UK
| | - Jennifer Monkhouse
- Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences Lancaster University Lancaster UK
| | - Hairuo Dang
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, Institute of Healthy Ageing University College London London UK
| | - Kalina Cetnar
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, Institute of Healthy Ageing University College London London UK
| | - Brian Chan
- Division of Infection, Immunity & Respiratory Medicine University of Manchester Manchester UK
| | - Filipe Cabreiro
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, Institute of Healthy Ageing University College London London UK
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Imperial College London London UK
| | - David Gems
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, Institute of Healthy Ageing University College London London UK
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Effects of Lycium barbarum Polysaccharides on Health and Aging of C. elegans Depend on daf-12/daf-16. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:6379493. [PMID: 31583041 PMCID: PMC6754959 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6379493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
As the global population ages, searching for drugs and functional foods which can slow down the aging process has attracted a number of researchers. In this paper, the Lycium barbarum polysaccharides (LBP) extracted from Lycium barbarum was characterized and the effects of LBP on the aging and health of C. elegans were studied. Results showed that LBP can prolong the lifespan, improve the abilities to withstand environmental stress, enhance reproductive potentials, and maintain muscle integrity of C. elegans. By using genetically mutated C. elegans strains, RNAi gene silencing, and measuring the mRNA expression level, it was demonstrated that the lifespan of C. elegans was extended by LBP mainly through sir-2.1, daf-12, and daf-16. The present study might provide a basis for further study of LBP as a food or drug to interfere with aging and reduce the incidence of age-related diseases.
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Conserved roles of glucose in suppressing reactive oxygen species-induced cell death and animal survival. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 11:5726-5743. [PMID: 31403933 PMCID: PMC6710067 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Carbohydrate overconsumption increases blood glucose levels, which contributes to the development of various diseases including obesity and diabetes. It is generally believed that high glucose metabolism increases cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, damages insulin-secreting cells and leads to age-associated diabetic phenotypes. Here we find that in contrast, high glucose suppresses ROS production induced by paraquat in both mammalian cells and the round worm C. elegans. The role of glucose in suppressing ROS is further supported by glucose's ability to alleviate paraquat's toxicity on C. elegans development. Consistently, we find that the ROS-regulated transcription factor SKN-1 is inactivated by glucose. As a result, the ROS/SKN-1-dependent lifespan extension observed in paraquat-treated animals, mitochondrial respiration mutant isp-1 and germline-less mutant glp-1 are all suppressed by glucose. Our study reveals an unprecedented interaction of glucose with ROS, which could have significant impact on our current understanding of glucose- and ROS-related diseases.
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Yang T, Fang L, Lin T, Li J, Zhang Y, Zhou A, Xie J. Ultrasonicated sour Jujube seed flavonoids extract exerts ameliorative antioxidant capacity and reduces Aβ-induced toxicity in Caenorhabditis elegans. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 239:111886. [PMID: 31026552 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.111886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Sour Jujube seed from Ziziphus jujuba Mill. var. Spinosa (Bunge) Hu ex H. F. Chow is a traditional Chinese herb. It was demonstrated with significant activities in anti-depression and antioxidant by numerous pharmacological studies. Flavonoids is one of the main constituents in sour Jujube seed. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of this study was to propose a green ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) process of flavonoids from sour Jujube seed. MATERIALS AND METHODS The extraction parameters were investigated and optimized using single factor experiments, Plackett-Burman design (PBD) and response surface methodology (RSM). Moreover, a comparative analysis between ultrasound-assisted extraction and heat reflux extraction was performed to verify the ameliorating effects of ultrasound-assisted extraction on the flavonoids yield, the composition, antioxidant capacities in vitro and ROS scavenging capacity in PC12 cells. Meanwhile, the effects of flavonoids extract (FE) on Aβ transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans (GMC101) behavior were investigated. RESULTS The optimal extracting conditions of total flavonoids were as follows: ethanol concentration 70.60 (v/v%), liquid-solid ratio 15.02:1 mL/g, ultrasonic power 404 W, extraction time 60.03 min. The highest extraction yield was 1.59%. When compared to Heat reflux extraction (HRE) that only has gained a yield of 1.356%. Approximately, the UAE method was able to increase the yield by 17.11%. Moreover, FE extracted by UAE displayed larger capacity of scavenging ABTS, DPPH, superoxide, and hydroxyl radicals and reducing the level of ROS accumulation in PC12 cells, suggesting the biological functions of these compounds could be also better protected under UAE conditions. Furthermore, FE could also increase the chemotaxis and heat stress resistance ability, delay the paralysis and extend the lifespan of Caenorhabditis elegans. CONCLUSION UAE is a green and efficient technique for the preparation of flavonoids from sour Jujube seed. The flavonoids extract can reduce Aβ-induced toxicity in Caenorhabditis elegans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Yang
- College of Biotechnology and Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, Tianjin, 300134, China
| | - Leilei Fang
- College of Biotechnology and Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, Tianjin, 300134, China
| | - Tingting Lin
- College of Biotechnology and Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, Tianjin, 300134, China
| | - Jiayi Li
- College of Biotechnology and Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, Tianjin, 300134, China
| | - Yanqing Zhang
- College of Biotechnology and Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, Tianjin, 300134, China.
| | - Aimin Zhou
- Clinical Chemistry Program, Department of Chemistry, Center for Gene Regulation in Health and Diseases, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH, 44115, United States
| | - Junbo Xie
- College of Biotechnology and Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, Tianjin, 300134, China.
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Lickteig B, Wimalasena VK, Wimalasena K. N-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium Scaffold-Containing Lipophilic Compounds Are Potent Complex I Inhibitors and Selective Dopaminergic Toxins. ACS Chem Neurosci 2019; 10:2977-2988. [PMID: 30929447 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.9b00184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the exact cause or causes of Parkinson's disease (PD) are not fully understood, it is believed that environmental factors play a major role. The discovery that a synthetic chemical, 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine-derived N-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+), recapitulates major pathophysiological characteristics of PD in humans has provided the strongest support for this possibility. While the mechanism of the selective dopaminergic toxicity of MPP+ has been extensively studied and is, in most respects, well accepted, several key aspects of the mechanism are still debatable. In the present study, we use a series of structurally related, novel, and lipophilic MPP+ derivatives [ N-(2-phenyl-1-propene)-4-phenylpyridinium] to probe the mechanism of action of MPP+ using dopaminergic MN9D and non-neuronal HepG2 cells in vitro. Here we show that effective mitochondrial complex I inhibition is necessary and that the specific uptake through plasma membrane dopamine transporter is not essential for dopaminergic toxicity of MPP+ and related toxins. We also provide strong evidence to support our previous proposal that the selective vulnerability of dopaminergic cells to MPP+ and similar toxins is likely due to the high inherent propensity of these cells to produce excessive reactive oxygen species as a downstream effect of complex I inhibition. Based on the current and previous findings, we propose that MPP+ is the simplest of a larger group of unidentified environmental dopaminergic toxins, a possibility that may have major public health implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan Lickteig
- Department of Chemistry, Wichita State University, Wichita, Kansas 67260, United States
| | | | - Kandatege Wimalasena
- Department of Chemistry, Wichita State University, Wichita, Kansas 67260, United States
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Ferguson GD, Bridge WJ. The glutathione system and the related thiol network in Caenorhabditis elegans. Redox Biol 2019. [DOI: 10.1110.1016/j.redox.2019.101171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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41
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Ng LF, Ng LT, van Breugel M, Halliwell B, Gruber J. Mitochondrial DNA Damage Does Not Determine C. elegans Lifespan. Front Genet 2019; 10:311. [PMID: 31031801 PMCID: PMC6473201 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The mitochondrial free radical theory of aging (mFRTA) proposes that accumulation of oxidative damage to macromolecules in mitochondria is a causative mechanism for aging. Accumulation of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) damage may be of particular interest in this context. While there is evidence for age-dependent accumulation of mtDNA damage, there have been only a limited number of investigations into mtDNA damage as a determinant of longevity. This lack of quantitative data regarding mtDNA damage is predominantly due to a lack of reliable assays to measure mtDNA damage. Here, we report adaptation of a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) assay for the detection of sequence-specific mtDNA damage in C. elegans and apply this method to investigate the role of mtDNA damage in the aging of nematodes. We compare damage levels in old and young animals and also between wild-type animals and long-lived mutant strains or strains with modifications in ROS detoxification or production rates. We confirm an age-dependent increase in mtDNA damage levels in C. elegans but found that there is no simple relationship between mtDNA damage and lifespan. MtDNA damage levels were high in some mutants with long lifespan (and vice versa). We next investigated mtDNA damage, lifespan and healthspan effects in nematode subjected to exogenously elevated damage (UV- or γ-radiation induced). We, again, observed a complex relationship between damage and lifespan in such animals. Despite causing a significant elevation in mtDNA damage, γ-radiation did not shorten the lifespan of nematodes at any of the doses tested. When mtDNA damage levels were elevated significantly using UV-radiation, nematodes did suffer from shorter lifespan at the higher end of exposure tested. However, surprisingly, we also found hormetic lifespan and healthspan benefits in nematodes treated with intermediate doses of UV-radiation, despite the fact that mtDNA damage in these animals was also significantly elevated. Our results suggest that within a wide physiological range, the level of mtDNA damage does not control lifespan in C. elegans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Fang Ng
- Ageing Research Laboratory, Science Division, Yale-NUS College, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Li Theng Ng
- Ageing Research Laboratory, Science Division, Yale-NUS College, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Neurobiology Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Michiel van Breugel
- Environmental Science Laboratory, Science Division, Yale-NUS College, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Barry Halliwell
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jan Gruber
- Ageing Research Laboratory, Science Division, Yale-NUS College, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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Ferguson GD, Bridge WJ. The glutathione system and the related thiol network in Caenorhabditis elegans. Redox Biol 2019; 24:101171. [PMID: 30901603 PMCID: PMC6429583 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2019.101171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Advances in the field of redox biology have contributed to the understanding of the complexity of the thiol-based system in mediating signal transduction. The redox environment is the overall spatiotemporal balance of oxidation-reduction systems within the integrated compartments of the cell, tissues and whole organisms. The ratio of the reduced to disulfide glutathione redox couple (GSH:GSSG) is a key indicator of the redox environment and its associated cellular health. The reaction mechanisms of glutathione-dependent and related thiol-based enzymes play a fundamental role in the function of GSH as a redox regulator. Glutathione homeostasis is maintained by the balance of GSH synthesis (de novo and salvage pathways) and its utilization through its detoxification, thiol signalling, and antioxidant defence functions via GSH-dependent enzymes and free radical scavenging. As such, GSH acts in concert with the entire redox network to maintain reducing conditions in the cell. Caenorhabditis elegans offers a simple model to facilitate further understanding at the multicellular level of the physiological functions of GSH and the GSH-dependent redox network. This review discusses the C. elegans studies that have investigated glutathione and related systems of the redox network including; orthologs to the protein-encoding genes of GSH synthesis; glutathione peroxidases; glutathione-S-transferases; and the glutaredoxin, thioredoxin and peroxiredoxin systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavin Douglas Ferguson
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Wallace John Bridge
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.
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43
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Lohr JN, Galimov ER, Gems D. Does senescence promote fitness in Caenorhabditis elegans by causing death? Ageing Res Rev 2019; 50:58-71. [PMID: 30639341 PMCID: PMC6520499 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2019.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2018] [Revised: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A widely appreciated conclusion from evolutionary theory is that senescence (aging) is of no adaptive value to the individual that it afflicts. Yet studies of Caenorhabditis elegans and Saccharomyces cerevisiae are increasingly revealing the presence of processes which actively cause senescence and death, leading some biogerontologists to wonder about the established theory. Here we argue that programmed death that increases fitness could occur in C. elegans and S. cerevisiae, and that this is consistent with the classic evolutionary theory of aging. This is because of the special conditions under which these organisms have evolved, particularly the existence of clonal populations with limited dispersal and, in the case of C. elegans, the brevity of the reproductive period caused by protandrous hermaphroditism. Under these conditions, death-promoting mechanisms could promote worm fitness by enhancing inclusive fitness, or worm colony fitness through group selection. Such altruistic, adaptive death is not expected to evolve in organisms with outbred, dispersed populations (e.g. most vertebrate species). The plausibility of adaptive death in C. elegans is supported by computer modelling studies, and new knowledge about the ecology of this species. To support these arguments we also review the biology of adaptive death, and distinguish three forms: consumer sacrifice, biomass sacrifice and defensive sacrifice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer N Lohr
- Institute of Healthy Ageing, and Research Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Evgeniy R Galimov
- Institute of Healthy Ageing, and Research Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - David Gems
- Institute of Healthy Ageing, and Research Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
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Epicatechin modulates stress-resistance in C. elegans via insulin/IGF-1 signaling pathway. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0199483. [PMID: 30689636 PMCID: PMC6349306 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0199483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans has been used to examine the influence of epicatechin (EC), an abundant flavonoid in the human diet, in some stress biomarkers (ROS production, lipid peroxidation and protein carbonylation). Furthermore, the ability of EC to modulate the expression of some key genes in the insulin/IGF-1 signaling pathway (IIS), involved in longevity and oxidative or heat shock stress response, has also been explored. The final aim was to contribute to the elucidation of the mechanisms involved in the biological effects of flavonoids. The results showed that EC-treated wild-type C. elegans exhibited increased survival and reduced oxidative damage of biomolecules when submitted to thermal stress. EC treatment led to a moderate elevation in ROS levels, which might activate endogenous mechanisms of defense protecting against oxidative insult. The enhanced stress resistance induced by EC was found to be mediated through the IIS pathway, since assays in daf-2, age-1, akt-1, akt-2, sgk-1, daf-16, skn-1 and hsf-1 loss of function mutant strains failed to show any heat-resistant phenotype against thermal stress when treated with EC. Consistently, EC treatment upregulated the expression of some stress resistance associated genes, such as gst-4, hsp-16.2 and hsp-70, which are downstream regulated by the IIS pathway.
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45
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The Caenorhabditis elegans Oxidative Stress Response Requires the NHR-49 Transcription Factor. G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS 2018; 8:3857-3863. [PMID: 30297383 PMCID: PMC6288832 DOI: 10.1534/g3.118.200727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cells can lead to the development of diseases associated with aging. We have previously shown that C. elegansBRAP-2 (Brca1 associated binding protein 2) regulates phase II detoxification genes such as gst-4, by increasing SKN-1 activity. Previously, a transcription factor (TF) RNAi screen was conducted to identify potential activators that are required to induce gst-4 expression in brap-2(ok1492) mutants. The lipid metabolism regulator NHR-49/HNF4 was among 18 TFs identified. Here, we show that knockdown of nhr-49 suppresses the activation of gst-4 caused by brap-2 inactivation and that gain-of-function alleles of nhr-49 promote gst-4 expression. We also demonstrate that nhr-49 and its cofactor mdt-15 are required to express phase II detoxification enzymes upon exposure to chemicals that induce oxidative stress. Furthermore, we show that NHR-49 and MDT-15 enhance expression of skn-1a/c. These findings identify a novel role for NHR-49 in ROS detoxification by regulating expression of SKN-1C and phase II detoxification genes.
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46
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Bardaweel SK, Gul M, Alzweiri M, Ishaqat A, ALSalamat HA, Bashatwah RM. Reactive Oxygen Species: the Dual Role in Physiological and Pathological Conditions of the Human Body. Eurasian J Med 2018; 50:193-201. [PMID: 30515042 DOI: 10.5152/eurasianjmed.2018.17397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are well-known for playing a dual role as destructive and constructive species. Indeed, ROS are engaged in many redox-governing activities of the cells for the preservation of cellular homeostasis. However, its overproduction has been reported to result in oxidative stress, which is considered as a deleterious process, and is involved in the damage of cell structures that causes various diseased states. This review provides a concise view on some of the current research published in this topic for an improved understanding of the key roles of ROS in diverse conditions of health and disease. Previous research demonstrated that ROS perform as potential signaling molecules to control several normal physiological functions at the cellular level. Additionally, there is a growing body of evidence supporting the role of ROS in various pathological states. The binary nature of ROS with their profitable and injurious characteristics indicates the complexities of their specific roles at a biological compartment and the difficulties in establishing convenient intervention procedures to treat ROS-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanaa K Bardaweel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Jordan School of Pharmacy, Amman, Jordan
| | - Mustafa Gul
- Department of Physiology, Atatürk University School of Medicine, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Muhammad Alzweiri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Jordan School of Pharmacy, Amman, Jordan
| | - Aman Ishaqat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Jordan School of Pharmacy, Amman, Jordan
| | - Husam A ALSalamat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Jordan School of Pharmacy, Amman, Jordan
| | - Rasha M Bashatwah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Jordan School of Pharmacy, Amman, Jordan
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Novel Bioactive Peptides from Meretrix meretrix Protect Caenorhabditis elegans against Free Radical-Induced Oxidative Stress through the Stress Response Factor DAF-16/FOXO. Mar Drugs 2018; 16:md16110444. [PMID: 30423886 PMCID: PMC6265947 DOI: 10.3390/md16110444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 11/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The hard clam Meretrix meretrix, which has been traditionally used as medicine and seafood, was used in this study to isolate antioxidant peptides. First, a peptide-rich extract was tested for its protective effect against paraquat-induced oxidative stress using the nematode model Caenorhabditis elegans. Then, three novel antioxidant peptides; MmP4 (LSDRLEETGGASS), MmP11 (KEGCREPETEKGHR) and MmP19 (IVTNWDDMEK), were identified and were found to increase the resistance of nematodes against paraquat. Circular dichroism spectroscopy revealed that MmP4 was predominantly in beta-sheet conformation, while MmP11 and MmP19 were primarily in random coil conformation. Using transgenic nematode models, the peptides were shown to promote nuclear translocation of the DAF-16/FOXO transcription factor, a pivotal regulator of stress response and lifespan, and induce the expression of superoxide dismutase 3 (SOD-3), an antioxidant enzyme. Analysis of DAF-16 target genes by real-time PCR reveals that sod-3 was up-regulated by MmP4, MmP11 and MmP19 while ctl-1 and ctl-2 were also up-regulated by MmP4. Further examination of daf-16 using RNA interference suggests that the peptide-increased resistance of C. elegans to oxidative stress was DAF-16 dependent. Taken together, these data demonstrate the antioxidant activity of M. meretrix peptides, which are associated with activation of the stress response factor DAF-16 and regulation of the antioxidant enzyme genes.
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Kwon S, Kim EJE, Lee SJV. Mitochondria-mediated defense mechanisms against pathogens in Caenorhabditis elegans. BMB Rep 2018; 51:274-279. [PMID: 29764564 PMCID: PMC6033066 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2018.51.6.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are crucial organelles that generate cellular energy and metabolites. Recent studies indicate that mitochondria also regulate immunity. In this review, we discuss key roles of mitochondria in immunity against pathogen infection and underlying mechanisms, focusing on discoveries using Caenorhabditis elegans. Various mitochondrial processes, including mitochondrial surveillance mechanisms, mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt), mitophagy, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, contribute to immune responses and resistance of C. elegans against pathogens. Biological processes of C. elegans are usually conserved across phyla. Thus, understanding the mechanisms of mitochondria-mediated defense responses in C. elegans may provide insights into similar mechanisms in complex organisms, including mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujeong Kwon
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Korea
| | - Eun Ji E Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Korea
| | - Seung-Jae V Lee
- Department of Life Sciences and Information Technology Convergence Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Korea
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49
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Genetic inhibition of an ATP synthase subunit extends lifespan in C. elegans. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14836. [PMID: 30287841 PMCID: PMC6172204 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32025-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mild inhibition of mitochondrial respiration leads to longevity. Disruption of mitochondrial respiratory components extends lifespan in Caenorhabditis elegans, but the effects appear to be complex and the underlying mechanism for lifespan regulation by mitochondrial respiratory genes is still not fully understood. Here, we investigated the role of Y82E9BR.3, a worm homolog of the ATP synthase subunit C, in modulating longevity in C. elegans. We found that the Y82E9BR.3 protein is localized in mitochondria and expressed in various tissues throughout development. RNAi knockdown of Y82E9BR.3 extends lifespan, decreases the accumulation of lipofuscin, and affects various physiological processes, including development delay, reproduction impairment and slow behavior. Further tissue-specific RNAi analysis showed that the intestine is a crucial organ for the longevity effects conferred by Y82E9BR.3 RNAi. Moreover, we demonstrated that lifespan extension by Y82E9BR.3 RNAi is associated with reduced mitochondrial function, as well as the suppression of complex I activity in mitochondria. Unexpectedly, Y82E9BR.3 RNAi knock down did not influence the whole-worm ATP level. Our findings first reveal the crucial role of Y82E9BR.3 in mitochondrial function and the underlying mechanism of how Y82E9BR.3 regulates lifespan in C. elegans.
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C. elegans Eats Its Own Intestine to Make Yolk Leading to Multiple Senescent Pathologies. Curr Biol 2018; 28:2544-2556.e5. [PMID: 30100339 PMCID: PMC6108400 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2018.06.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Aging (senescence) is characterized by the development of numerous pathologies, some of which limit lifespan. Key to understanding aging is discovery of the mechanisms (etiologies) that cause senescent pathology. In C. elegans, a major senescent pathology of unknown etiology is atrophy of its principal metabolic organ, the intestine. Here we identify a cause of not only this pathology but also of yolky lipid accumulation and redistribution (a form of senescent obesity): autophagy-mediated conversion of intestinal biomass into yolk. Inhibiting intestinal autophagy or vitellogenesis rescues both visceral pathologies and can also extend lifespan. This defines a disease syndrome leading to multimorbidity and contributing to late-life mortality. Activation of gut-to-yolk biomass conversion by insulin/IGF-1 signaling (IIS) promotes reproduction and senescence. This illustrates how major, IIS-promoted senescent pathologies in C. elegans can originate not from damage accumulation but from direct effects of futile, continued action of a wild-type biological program (vitellogenesis). C. elegans consume their own intestine to synthesize yolk and promote reproduction This causes diseases of aging, including atrophy of the intestine and yolk steatosis Intestinal senescence in C. elegans is promoted by autophagy Here destructive run-on of wild-type biological programs causes senescent pathologies
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