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Brennan L, Costello MJ, Hejtmancik JF, Menko AS, Riazuddin SA, Shiels A, Kantorow M. Autophagy Requirements for Eye Lens Differentiation and Transparency. Cells 2023; 12:475. [PMID: 36766820 PMCID: PMC9914699 DOI: 10.3390/cells12030475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence points to autophagy as an essential cellular requirement for achieving the mature structure, homeostasis, and transparency of the lens. Collective evidence from multiple laboratories using chick, mouse, primate, and human model systems provides evidence that classic autophagy structures, ranging from double-membrane autophagosomes to single-membrane autolysosomes, are found throughout the lens in both undifferentiated lens epithelial cells and maturing lens fiber cells. Recently, key autophagy signaling pathways have been identified to initiate critical steps in the lens differentiation program, including the elimination of organelles to form the core lens organelle-free zone. Other recent studies using ex vivo lens culture demonstrate that the low oxygen environment of the lens drives HIF1a-induced autophagy via upregulation of essential mitophagy components to direct the specific elimination of the mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, and Golgi apparatus during lens fiber cell differentiation. Pioneering studies on the structural requirements for the elimination of nuclei during lens differentiation reveal the presence of an entirely novel structure associated with degrading lens nuclei termed the nuclear excisosome. Considerable evidence also indicates that autophagy is a requirement for lens homeostasis, differentiation, and transparency, since the mutation of key autophagy proteins results in human cataract formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Brennan
- Department of Biomedical Science, Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33460, USA
| | - M. Joseph Costello
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - J. Fielding Hejtmancik
- Ophthalmic Genetics and Visual Function Branch, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - A. Sue Menko
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - S. Amer Riazuddin
- The Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Alan Shiels
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Marc Kantorow
- Department of Biomedical Science, Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33460, USA
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2
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Pradeepkiran JA, Baig J, Selman A, Reddy PH. Mitochondria in Aging and Alzheimer's Disease: Focus on Mitophagy. Neuroscientist 2023:10738584221139761. [PMID: 36597577 DOI: 10.1177/10738584221139761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by the accumulation of amyloid β and phosphorylated τ protein aggregates in the brain, which leads to the loss of neurons. Under the microscope, the function of mitochondria is uniquely primed to play a pivotal role in neuronal cell survival, energy metabolism, and cell death. Research studies indicate that mitochondrial dysfunction, excessive oxidative damage, and defective mitophagy in neurons are early indicators of AD. This review article summarizes the latest development of mitochondria in AD: 1) disease mechanism pathways, 2) the importance of mitochondria in neuronal functions, 3) metabolic pathways and functions, 4) the link between mitochondrial dysfunction and mitophagy mechanisms in AD, and 5) the development of potential mitochondrial-targeted therapeutics and interventions to treat patients with AD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Javaria Baig
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Ashley Selman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - P Hemachandra Reddy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Human Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
- Department of Neurology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
- Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
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3
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Pedriali G, Ramaccini D, Bouhamida E, Wieckowski MR, Giorgi C, Tremoli E, Pinton P. Perspectives on mitochondrial relevance in cardiac ischemia/reperfusion injury. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:1082095. [PMID: 36561366 PMCID: PMC9763599 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1082095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the most common cause of death worldwide and in particular, ischemic heart disease holds the most considerable position. Even if it has been deeply studied, myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is still a side-effect of the clinical treatment for several heart diseases: ischemia process itself leads to temporary damage to heart tissue and obviously the recovery of blood flow is promptly required even if it worsens the ischemic injury. There is no doubt that mitochondria play a key role in pathogenesis of IRI: dysfunctions of these important organelles alter cell homeostasis and survival. It has been demonstrated that during IRI the system of mitochondrial quality control undergoes alterations with the disruption of the complex balance between the processes of mitochondrial fusion, fission, biogenesis and mitophagy. The fundamental role of mitochondria is carried out thanks to the finely regulated connection to other organelles such as plasma membrane, endoplasmic reticulum and nucleus, therefore impairments of these inter-organelle communications exacerbate IRI. This review pointed to enhance the importance of the mitochondrial network in the pathogenesis of IRI with the aim to focus on potential mitochondria-targeting therapies as new approach to control heart tissue damage after ischemia and reperfusion process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaia Pedriali
- Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care and Research, Cotignola, Italy
| | | | - Esmaa Bouhamida
- Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care and Research, Cotignola, Italy
| | - Mariusz R. Wieckowski
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Biology and Metabolism, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Carlotta Giorgi
- Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), Department of Medical Science, Section of Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Elena Tremoli
- Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care and Research, Cotignola, Italy,*Correspondence: Paolo Pinton, ; Elena Tremoli,
| | - Paolo Pinton
- Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care and Research, Cotignola, Italy,Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), Department of Medical Science, Section of Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy,*Correspondence: Paolo Pinton, ; Elena Tremoli,
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4
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Wei X, Hou Y, Long M, Jiang L, Du Y. Advances in energy metabolism in renal fibrosis. Life Sci 2022; 312:121033. [PMID: 36270427 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.121033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Renal fibrosis is a common pathway toward chronic kidney disease (CKD) and is the main pathological predecessor for end-stage renal disease; thus, preventing progressive CKD and renal fibrosis is essential to reducing their consequential morbidity and mortality. Emerging evidence has connected renal fibrosis to metabolic reprogramming; abnormalities in energy metabolism pathways, such as glycolysis, the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and lipid metabolism, are known to cause diseases of diverse etiologies. Cytokine interventions in affected metabolic pathways may significantly reduce the degree of fibrosis, highlighting therapeutic targets for drug development for renal fibrosis. Here, we discuss the relationship between glycolysis, lipid metabolism, mitochondrial and peroxisome dysfunction, and renal fibrosis in detail and propose that targeted therapies for specific metabolic pathways are expected to represent the next generation of treatments for renal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejiao Wei
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yue Hou
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Mengtuan Long
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Lili Jiang
- Department of Physical Examination Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yujun Du
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.
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5
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Hou W, Hao Y, Sun L, Zhao Y, Zheng X, Song L. The dual roles of autophagy and the GPCRs-mediating autophagy signaling pathway after cerebral ischemic stroke. Mol Brain 2022; 15:14. [PMID: 35109896 PMCID: PMC8812204 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-022-00899-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke, caused by a lack of blood supply in brain tissues, is the third leading cause of human death and disability worldwide, and usually results in sensory and motor dysfunction, cognitive impairment, and in severe cases, even death. Autophagy is a highly conserved lysosome-dependent process in which eukaryotic cells removal misfolded proteins and damaged organelles in cytoplasm, which is critical for energy metabolism, organelle renewal, and maintenance of intracellular homeostasis. Increasing evidence suggests that autophagy plays important roles in pathophysiological mechanisms under ischemic conditions. However, there are still controversies about whether autophagy plays a neuroprotective or damaging role after ischemia. G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), one of the largest protein receptor superfamilies in mammals, play crucial roles in various physiological and pathological processes. Statistics show that GPCRs are the targets of about one-fifth of drugs known in the world, predicting potential values as targets for drug research. Studies have demonstrated that nutritional deprivation can directly or indirectly activate GPCRs, mediating a series of downstream biological processes, including autophagy. It can be concluded that there are interactions between autophagy and GPCRs signaling pathway, which provides research evidence for regulating GPCRs-mediated autophagy. This review aims to systematically discuss the underlying mechanism and dual roles of autophagy in cerebral ischemia, and describe the GPCRs-mediated autophagy, hoping to probe promising therapeutic targets for ischemic stroke through in-depth exploration of the GPCRs-mediated autophagy signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weichen Hou
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Xinmin Street 71#, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Yulei Hao
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Xinmin Street 71#, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Li Sun
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Xinmin Street 71#, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Xinmin Street 71#, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Xiangyu Zheng
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Xinmin Street 71#, Changchun, 130021, China.
| | - Lei Song
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Center for Pathogen Biology and Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of the Ministry of Education, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Xinmin Street 71#, Changchun, 130021, China.
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6
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Li Y, Zheng W, Lu Y, Zheng Y, Pan L, Wu X, Yuan Y, Shen Z, Ma S, Zhang X, Wu J, Chen Z, Zhang X. BNIP3L/NIX-mediated mitophagy: molecular mechanisms and implications for human disease. Cell Death Dis 2021; 13:14. [PMID: 34930907 PMCID: PMC8688453 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-04469-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mitophagy is a highly conserved cellular process that maintains the mitochondrial quantity by eliminating dysfunctional or superfluous mitochondria through autophagy machinery. The mitochondrial outer membrane protein BNIP3L/Nix serves as a mitophagy receptor by recognizing autophagosomes. BNIP3L is initially known to clear the mitochondria during the development of reticulocytes. Recent studies indicated it also engages in a variety of physiological and pathological processes. In this review, we provide an overview of how BNIP3L induces mitophagy and discuss the biological functions of BNIP3L and its regulation at the molecular level. We further discuss current evidence indicating the involvement of BNIP3L-mediated mitophagy in human disease, particularly in cancer and neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Li
- Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of The Ministry of Health of China, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wanqing Zheng
- Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of The Ministry of Health of China, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yangyang Lu
- Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of The Ministry of Health of China, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanrong Zheng
- Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of The Ministry of Health of China, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, College of Pharmacology Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ling Pan
- Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of The Ministry of Health of China, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoli Wu
- Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of The Ministry of Health of China, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yang Yuan
- Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of The Ministry of Health of China, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhe Shen
- Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of The Ministry of Health of China, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shijia Ma
- Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of The Ministry of Health of China, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xingxian Zhang
- Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of The Ministry of Health of China, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiaying Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhong Chen
- Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of The Ministry of Health of China, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
- Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, College of Pharmacology Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Xiangnan Zhang
- Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of The Ministry of Health of China, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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7
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Liang J, Wang C, Zhang H, Huang J, Xie J, Chen N. Exercise-Induced Benefits for Alzheimer's Disease by Stimulating Mitophagy and Improving Mitochondrial Function. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:755665. [PMID: 34658846 PMCID: PMC8519401 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.755665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurons are highly specialized post-mitotic cells that are inherently dependent on mitochondria due to their higher bioenergetic demand. Mitochondrial dysfunction is closely associated with a variety of aging-related neurological disorders, such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and the accumulation of dysfunctional and superfluous mitochondria has been reported as an early stage that significantly facilitates the progression of AD. Mitochondrial damage causes bioenergetic deficiency, intracellular calcium imbalance and oxidative stress, thereby aggravating β-amyloid (Aβ) accumulation and Tau hyperphosphorylation, and further leading to cognitive decline and memory loss. Although there is an intricate parallel relationship between mitochondrial dysfunction and AD, their triggering factors, such as Aβ aggregation and hyperphosphorylated Tau protein and action time, are still unclear. Moreover, many studies have confirmed abnormal mitochondrial biosynthesis, dynamics and functions will present once the mitochondrial quality control is impaired, thus leading to aggravated AD pathological changes. Accumulating evidence shows beneficial effects of appropriate exercise on improved mitophagy and mitochondrial function to promote mitochondrial plasticity, reduce oxidative stress, enhance cognitive capacity and reduce the risks of cognitive impairment and dementia in later life. Therefore, stimulating mitophagy and optimizing mitochondrial function through exercise may forestall the neurodegenerative process of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiling Liang
- Tianjiu Research and Development Center for Exercise Nutrition and Foods, Hubei Key Laboratory of Exercise Training and Monitoring, College of Health Science, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China
| | - Cenyi Wang
- School of Physical Education and Sports Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Hu Zhang
- Tianjiu Research and Development Center for Exercise Nutrition and Foods, Hubei Key Laboratory of Exercise Training and Monitoring, College of Health Science, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jielun Huang
- Tianjiu Research and Development Center for Exercise Nutrition and Foods, Hubei Key Laboratory of Exercise Training and Monitoring, College of Health Science, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China
| | - Juying Xie
- Affiliated Hospital of Xiangnan University, Chenzhou, China
| | - Ning Chen
- Tianjiu Research and Development Center for Exercise Nutrition and Foods, Hubei Key Laboratory of Exercise Training and Monitoring, College of Health Science, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China
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8
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Zheng H, Zhu H, Liu X, Huang X, Huang A, Huang Y. Mitophagy in Diabetic Cardiomyopathy: Roles and Mechanisms. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:750382. [PMID: 34646830 PMCID: PMC8503602 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.750382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the leading complication of diabetes mellitus (DM), and diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a major cause of mortality in diabetic patients. Multiple pathophysiologic mechanisms, including myocardial insulin resistance, oxidative stress and inflammation, are involved in the development of DCM. Recent studies have shown that mitochondrial dysfunction makes a substantial contribution to the development of DCM. Mitophagy is a type of autophagy that takes place in dysfunctional mitochondria, and it plays a key role in mitochondrial quality control. Although the precise molecular mechanisms of mitophagy in DCM have yet to be fully clarified, recent findings imply that mitophagy improves cardiac function in the diabetic heart. However, excessive mitophagy may exacerbate myocardial damage in patients with DCM. In this review, we aim to provide a comprehensive overview of mitochondrial quality control and the dual roles of mitophagy in DCM. We also propose that a balance between mitochondrial biogenesis and mitophagy is essential for the maintenance of cellular metabolism in the diabetic heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoxiao Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde), Foshan, China
| | - Hailan Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde), Foshan, China
| | - Xinyue Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde), Foshan, China
| | - Xiaohui Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde), Foshan, China
| | - Anqing Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde), Foshan, China
| | - Yuli Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde), Foshan, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation Research, Guangzhou, China.,The George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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9
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Qiu YH, Zhang TS, Wang XW, Wang MY, Zhao WX, Zhou HM, Zhang CH, Cai ML, Chen XF, Zhao WL, Shao RG. Mitochondria autophagy: a potential target for cancer therapy. J Drug Target 2021; 29:576-591. [PMID: 33554661 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2020.1867992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Mitophagy is a selective form of macroautophagy in which dysfunctional and damaged mitochondria can be efficiently degraded, removed and recycled through autophagy. Selective removal of damaged or fragmented mitochondria is critical to the functional integrity of the entire mitochondrial network and cells. In past decades, numerous studies have shown that mitophagy is involved in various diseases; however, since the dual role of mitophagy in tumour development, mitophagy role in tumour is controversial, and further elucidation is needed. That is, although mitophagy has been demonstrated to contribute to carcinogenesis, cell migration, ferroptosis inhibition, cancer stemness maintenance, tumour immune escape, drug resistance, etc. during cancer progression, many research also shows that to promote cancer cell death, mitophagy can be induced physiologically or pharmacologically to maintain normal cellular metabolism and prevent cell stress responses and genome damage by diminishing mitochondrial damage, thus suppressing tumour development accompanying these changes. Signalling pathway-specific molecular mechanisms are currently of great biological significance in the identification of potential therapeutic targets. Here, we review recent progress of molecular pathways mediating mitophagy including both canonical pathways (Parkin/PINK1- and FUNDC1-mediated mitophagy) and noncanonical pathways (FKBP8-, Nrf2-, and DRP1-mediated mitophagy); and the regulation of these pathways, and abovementioned pro-cancer and pro-death roles of mitophagy. Finally, we summarise the role of mitophagy in cancer therapy. Mitophagy can potentially be acted as the target for cancer therapy by promotion or inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Han Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Antibiotic Bioengineering, Ministry of Health, Laboratory of Oncology, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tian-Shu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Antibiotic Bioengineering, Ministry of Health, Laboratory of Oncology, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Wei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Antibiotic Bioengineering, Ministry of Health, Laboratory of Oncology, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Meng-Yan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Antibiotic Bioengineering, Ministry of Health, Laboratory of Oncology, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wen-Xia Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Antibiotic Bioengineering, Ministry of Health, Laboratory of Oncology, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hui-Min Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Antibiotic Bioengineering, Ministry of Health, Laboratory of Oncology, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Cong-Hui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Antibiotic Bioengineering, Ministry of Health, Laboratory of Oncology, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mei-Lian Cai
- Key Laboratory of Antibiotic Bioengineering, Ministry of Health, Laboratory of Oncology, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Fang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Antibiotic Bioengineering, Ministry of Health, Laboratory of Oncology, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wu-Li Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Antibiotic Bioengineering, Ministry of Health, Laboratory of Oncology, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Rong-Guang Shao
- Key Laboratory of Antibiotic Bioengineering, Ministry of Health, Laboratory of Oncology, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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10
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BNIP3 deletion ameliorated enterovirus 71 infection-induced hand, foot and mouth disease via inhibiting apoptosis, autophagy, and inflammation in mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 87:106799. [PMID: 32717566 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Bcl2/adenovirus E1B protein-interacting protein 3 (BNIP3) plays a key role in cellular response to stress by regulating apoptosis and selective autophagy. The present study aimed to determine the effects of BNIP3 on enterovirus (EV) 71 infection-induced hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD), and the apoptosis, autophagy and inflammatory in mice and SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cell line. Neonatal BALB/c mice were injected with EV 71 strain to induce the HFMD. Western blotting and ELISA were used to measure the protein expression and cytokine levels. The BNIP3 mRNA and protein levels in the brain were increased in EV 71-infected mice. By contrast, the BNIP3-knockout (KO) mice with EV 71 infection had higher health score and survival rate. BNIP3 deletion reversed the increase of cleaved-caspase 3, cleaved-caspase 8, Bax, LC3 II and LC3 II/LC3 I levels, and the decrease of Bcl2 and Bcl2/Bax and LC3 I levels in the brain of mice with EV 71 infection. The EV 71 infection-induced increase of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)-1, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, interferon (IFN)-α and IFN-γ levels were inhibited in BNIP3-KO mice. BNIP3 knockdown with small interfering RNA (siRNA) inhibited the EV 71 infection-induced the increases of apoptosis, autophagy and inflammatory factors in SH-SY5Y cells. BNIP3 overexpression further facilitated the EV 71 infection-induced increase of these inflammatory factors in SH-SY5Y cells. These results demonstrated that BNIP3 deletion ameliorated EV 71 infection-induced HFMD via inhibiting apoptosis, autophagy and inflammation in mice. BNIP3 may be a therapeutic target for HFMD.
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11
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Morciano G, Patergnani S, Bonora M, Pedriali G, Tarocco A, Bouhamida E, Marchi S, Ancora G, Anania G, Wieckowski MR, Giorgi C, Pinton P. Mitophagy in Cardiovascular Diseases. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9030892. [PMID: 32214047 PMCID: PMC7141512 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9030892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are one of the leading causes of death. Increasing evidence has shown that pharmacological or genetic targeting of mitochondria can ameliorate each stage of these pathologies, which are strongly associated with mitochondrial dysfunction. Removal of inefficient and dysfunctional mitochondria through the process of mitophagy has been reported to be essential for meeting the energetic requirements and maintaining the biochemical homeostasis of cells. This process is useful for counteracting the negative phenotypic changes that occur during cardiovascular diseases, and understanding the molecular players involved might be crucial for the development of potential therapies. Here, we summarize the current knowledge on mitophagy (and autophagy) mechanisms in the context of heart disease with an important focus on atherosclerosis, ischemic heart disease, cardiomyopathies, heart failure, hypertension, arrhythmia, congenital heart disease and peripheral vascular disease. We aim to provide a complete background on the mechanisms of action of this mitochondrial quality control process in cardiology and in cardiac surgery by also reviewing studies on the use of known compounds able to modulate mitophagy for cardioprotective purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giampaolo Morciano
- Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care & Research, Via Corriera 1, Cotignola, 48033 Ravenna, Italy; (G.M.); (S.P.); (G.P.)
- Department of Medical Sciences, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (M.B.); (A.T.); (E.B.); (C.G.)
| | - Simone Patergnani
- Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care & Research, Via Corriera 1, Cotignola, 48033 Ravenna, Italy; (G.M.); (S.P.); (G.P.)
- Department of Medical Sciences, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (M.B.); (A.T.); (E.B.); (C.G.)
| | - Massimo Bonora
- Department of Medical Sciences, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (M.B.); (A.T.); (E.B.); (C.G.)
| | - Gaia Pedriali
- Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care & Research, Via Corriera 1, Cotignola, 48033 Ravenna, Italy; (G.M.); (S.P.); (G.P.)
- Department of Medical Sciences, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (M.B.); (A.T.); (E.B.); (C.G.)
| | - Anna Tarocco
- Department of Medical Sciences, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (M.B.); (A.T.); (E.B.); (C.G.)
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital S. Anna Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Esmaa Bouhamida
- Department of Medical Sciences, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (M.B.); (A.T.); (E.B.); (C.G.)
| | - Saverio Marchi
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, 60126 Ancona, Italy;
| | - Gina Ancora
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Infermi Hospital Rimini, 47923 Rimini, Italy;
| | - Gabriele Anania
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of General and Thoracic Surgery, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy;
| | - Mariusz R. Wieckowski
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Biology and Metabolism, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur Str., 02-093 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Carlotta Giorgi
- Department of Medical Sciences, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (M.B.); (A.T.); (E.B.); (C.G.)
| | - Paolo Pinton
- Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care & Research, Via Corriera 1, Cotignola, 48033 Ravenna, Italy; (G.M.); (S.P.); (G.P.)
- Department of Medical Sciences, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (M.B.); (A.T.); (E.B.); (C.G.)
- Correspondence:
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Ouyang S, Chen W, Zeng G, Lei C, Tian G, Zhu M, Liu Y, Yang M. MicroRNA-183-3p up-regulated by vagus nerve stimulation mitigates chronic systolic heart failure via the reduction of BNIP3L-mediated autophagy. Gene 2019; 726:144136. [PMID: 31629817 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2019.144136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Chronic systolic heart failure (CSHF) was a complex syndrome. Recently, vagus nerve stimulation (VNS), a novel treatment method, has emerged for the treatment of CSHF. therefore the aim of this study was to explore the possible mechanism of VNS treatment alleviating CSHF in rats. Firstly, we found after VNS treatment for 72 h, the level of B-type natriuretic peptide in VNS group was lower than that in CSHF group. In addition, VNS treatment induced the elevated left ventricular ejection fraction level, reduced left ventricular end diastolic volume and left ventricular end systolic volume level in VNS group, suggesting a mitigation of CSHF by VNS. Then we found the level of miR-183-3p in CSHF group was much lower than that in VNS group by High-throughput sequencing. The further results indicated that Bcl-2 interacting protein 3 like (BNIP3L) was identified as the target gene of miR-183-3p, and the expression of BNIP3L was notably reduced in rats of VNS group compared with CSHF group. Moreover, the down-regulated expression of miR-183-3p increased BNIP3L-mediated autophagy in rats of CSHF group compared with VNS group. Further mechanism findings demonstrated that up-regulation of miR-183-3p reduced the expression of BNIP3L, while down-regulation of miR-183-3p facilitated the expression of BNIP3L in H9c2 cells. miR-183-3p could also regulate autophagy by targeting BNIP3L in vitro, which was manifested by overexpression of miR-183-3p to inhibit BNIP3L-mediated autophagy. Our data demonstrated that VNS treatment benefited CSHF via the up-regulation of miRNA-183-3p, which reduced the BNIP3L-mediated autophagy, providing a new therapeutic direction for CSHF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao Ouyang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, PR China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, PR China.
| | - Gaofeng Zeng
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, PR China
| | - Changcheng Lei
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, PR China
| | - Guoping Tian
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, PR China
| | - Mingyan Zhu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, PR China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, PR China
| | - Min Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, PR China
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Mitophagy mediated by BNIP3 and BNIP3L/NIX in urothelial cells of the urinary bladder of cattle harbouring bovine papillomavirus infection. Vet Microbiol 2019; 236:108396. [PMID: 31500722 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2019.108396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is a powerful tool that host cells use to defend against viral infection. Mitophagy, the selective autophagic removal of dysfunctional mitochondria was upregulated in urothelial cancer cells harbouring bovine papillomavirus (BPV) infection, as detected by the expression of BPV E5 protein, the major oncoprotein of bovine Deltapapillomavirus genus. HIF-1α-induced mitophagy receptors, BNIP3 and BNIP3L/Nix, were found to be overexpressed in these cells. The BNIP3 and BNIP3L/Nix receptors were amplified, and amplicon sequencing showed homology between bovine BNPI3 and BNIP3L/Nix sequences deposited in GenBank (accession number: NM_001076366.1 and NM_001034614.2, respectively). The transcripts and protein levels of BNIP3 and BNIP3L/Nix were significantly overexpressed in hypoxic neoplastic cells relative to healthy, non-neoplastic cells. BNIP3 and BNIP3L/Nix interacted with the LC3 protein, a marker of autophagosome (mitophagosome) membrane, ERAS, a small GTPase, and p62, known to be a specific autophagy receptor protein, that plays a role in mitochondrial priming for mitophagy and subsequent elimination. ERAS also interacted with the BPV E5 oncoprotein at mitochondrial level. Furthermore, in anti-Bag3 mitochondrial immunoprecipitates, a complex composed of the Hsc70/Hsp70 chaperone, CHIP co-chaperone, Synpo2, ERAS, LC3, p62, BNPI3, and BNIP3L/Nix was also detected. Bag3 may play a role in mitophagosome formation together with the Synpo2 protein and may be involved in the degradation of Hsc70/Hsp70-bound CHIP-ubiquitinated cargo, in association with its chaperone. ERAS may be involved in mitophagosome maturation via the PI3K signalling pathway. Ultrastructural findings revealed the presence of mitochondria exhibiting severe fragmentation and loss of cristae, as well as numerous mitochondria-containing autophagosomes.
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Hou K, Xu D, Li F, Chen S, Li Y. The progress of neuronal autophagy in cerebral ischemia stroke: Mechanisms, roles and research methods. J Neurol Sci 2019; 400:72-82. [PMID: 30904689 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2019.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2018] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
There is increasing evidence indicating that autophagy may be a new target in the treatment of ischemic stroke. Moderate autophagy can clear damaged organelles, thereby protecting cells against various injuries. However, long-term excessive autophagy brings redundant degradation of cell contents, leading to cell death and eventually serious damage to tissues and organs. A number of different animal models of ischemic brain injury shows that autophagy is activated and involved in the regulation of neuronal death during ischemic brain injury. This article summarizes the role of autophagy, its underlying regulators and mechanisms in ischemic neuronal injury. We briefly introduce the relationship between apoptosis and autophagy and give a summary of research methods and modulators of autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Physiology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Dan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Physiology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Fengyang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Physiology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Shijie Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Physiology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Yunman Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Physiology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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Veron V, Marandel L, Liu J, Vélez EJ, Lepais O, Panserat S, Skiba S, Seiliez I. DNA methylation of the promoter region of bnip3 and bnip3l genes induced by metabolic programming. BMC Genomics 2018; 19:677. [PMID: 30223788 PMCID: PMC6142374 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-018-5048-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Environmental changes of biotic or abiotic nature during critical periods of early development may exert a profound influence on physiological functions later in life. This process, named developmental programming can also be driven through parental nutrition. At molecular level, epigenetic modifications are the most likely candidate for persistent modulation of genes expression in later life. RESULTS In order to investigate epigenetic modifications induced by programming in rainbow trout, we focused on bnip3 and bnip3l paralogous genes known to be sensitive to environmental changes but also regulated by epigenetic modifications. Two specific stimuli were used: (i) early acute hypoxia applied at embryo stage and (ii) broodstock and fry methionine deficient diet, considering methionine as one of the main methyl-group donor needed for DNA methylation. We observed a programming effect of hypoxia with an increase of bnip3a and the four paralogs of bnip3l expression level in fry. In addition, parental methionine nutrition was correlated to bnip3a and bnip3lb1 expression showing evidence for early fry programming. We highlighted that both stimuli modified DNA methylation levels at some specific loci of bnip3a and bnip3lb1. CONCLUSION Overall, these data demonstrate that methionine level and hypoxia stimulus can be of critical importance in metabolic programming. Both stimuli affected DNA methylation of specific loci, among them, an interesting CpG site have been identified, namely - 884 bp site of bnip3a, and may be positively related with mRNA levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Veron
- INRA, Univ Pau & Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, UMR1419 Nutrition Metabolism and Aquaculture, Aquapôle, F-64310, Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | - Lucie Marandel
- INRA, Univ Pau & Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, UMR1419 Nutrition Metabolism and Aquaculture, Aquapôle, F-64310, Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | - Jingwei Liu
- INRA, Univ Pau & Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, UMR1419 Nutrition Metabolism and Aquaculture, Aquapôle, F-64310, Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | - Emilio J Vélez
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Olivier Lepais
- INRA, Univ Pau & Pays de l'Adour, UMR Ecobiop, Aquapôle, F-64310, Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | - Stéphane Panserat
- INRA, Univ Pau & Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, UMR1419 Nutrition Metabolism and Aquaculture, Aquapôle, F-64310, Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | - Sandrine Skiba
- INRA, Univ Pau & Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, UMR1419 Nutrition Metabolism and Aquaculture, Aquapôle, F-64310, Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | - Iban Seiliez
- INRA, Univ Pau & Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, UMR1419 Nutrition Metabolism and Aquaculture, Aquapôle, F-64310, Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France.
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Huang C, Lu H, Xu J, Yu H, Wang X, Zhang X. Protective roles of autophagy in retinal pigment epithelium under high glucose condition via regulating PINK1/Parkin pathway and BNIP3L. Biol Res 2018; 51:22. [PMID: 30012208 PMCID: PMC6047129 DOI: 10.1186/s40659-018-0169-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Our study aimed to investigate the roles of autophagy against high glucose induced response in retinal pigment epithelium (ARPE-19 cells). Methods The morphological changes and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in ARPE-19 cells under high glucose treatment were respectively detected using the transmission electron microscopy and flow cytometry. The expression levels of Parkin, PINK1, BNIP3L, LC3-I and LC3-II in ARPE-19 cells received high glucose treatment were measured by western blot after pretreatment of carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP), 3-methyladenine (3-MA), N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) or cyclosporin A (CsA) followed by high glucose treatment. Results ARPE-19 cells subjected to high glucose stress showed an obvious reduction in the LC3-I expression and significant increase in the number of autophagosomes, in the intracellular ROS level, and in the expression levels of Parkin, PINK1, BNIP3L and LC3-II (p < 0.05). Pretreatment with CCCP significantly reduced the LC3-I expression and increased the expression levels of Parkin, PINK1, BNIP3L and LC3-II (p < 0.05). ARPE-19 cells pretreated with CsA under high glucose stress showed markedly down-regulated expressions of Parkin, PINK1 and BNIP3L compared with the cells treated with high glucose (p < 0.05). Pretreatment of ARPE-19 cells with NAC or 3-MA under high glucose stress resulted in a marked reduction in the expression levels of PINK1, BNIP3L and LC3-II (p < 0.05). Meanwhile, the expression level of Parkin in the ARPE-19 cells pretreated with NAC under high glucose stress was comparable with that in the control cells. Conclusion Autophagy might have protective roles against high glucose induced injury in ARPE19 cells via regulating PINK1/Parkin pathway and BNIP3L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengchi Huang
- Ophthalmology Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 23 Youzheng Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001, China.,Department of Ophthalmology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, 17 Yiyuan Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Hong Lu
- Ophthalmology Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 23 Youzheng Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Junyu Xu
- Ophthalmology Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 23 Youzheng Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Hongmin Yu
- Ophthalmology Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 23 Youzheng Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Xiaodan Wang
- Ophthalmology Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 23 Youzheng Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Xiaomei Zhang
- Ophthalmology Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 23 Youzheng Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001, China.
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17
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Zhang L, Wang H. Autophagy in Traumatic Brain Injury: A New Target for Therapeutic Intervention. Front Mol Neurosci 2018; 11:190. [PMID: 29922127 PMCID: PMC5996030 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the most devastating forms of brain injury. Many pathological mechanisms such as oxidative stress, apoptosis and inflammation all contribute to the secondary brain damage and poor outcomes of TBI. Current therapies are often ineffective and poorly tolerated, which drive the explore of new therapeutic targets for TBI. Autophagy is a highly conserved intracellular mechanism during evolution. It plays an important role in elimination abnormal intracellular proteins or organelles to maintain cell stability. Besides, autophagy has been researched in various models including TBI. Previous studies have deciphered that regulation of autophagy by different molecules and pathways could exhibit anti-oxidative stress, anti-apoptosis and anti-inflammation effects in TBI. Hence, autophagy is a promising target for further therapeutic development in TBI. The present review provides an overview of current knowledge about the mechanism of autophagy, the frequently used methods to monitor autophagy, the functions of autophagy in TBI as well as its potential molecular mechanisms based on the pharmacological regulation of autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Handong Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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18
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Brennan LA, McGreal-Estrada R, Logan CM, Cvekl A, Menko AS, Kantorow M. BNIP3L/NIX is required for elimination of mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus during eye lens organelle-free zone formation. Exp Eye Res 2018; 174:173-184. [PMID: 29879393 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2018.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The formation and life-long growth of the ocular lens depends on the continuous differentiation of lens epithelial cells into lens fiber cells. To achieve their mature structure and transparent function, newly formed lens fiber cells undergo a series of cellular remodeling events including the complete elimination of cellular organelles to form the lens organelle-free zone (OFZ). To date, the mechanisms and requirements for organelle elimination by lens fiber cells remain to be fully elucidated. In previous studies, we detected the presence of mitochondria contained within autophagolysosomes throughout human and chick lenses suggesting that proteins targeting mitochondria for degradation by mitophagy could be required for the elimination of mitochondria during OFZ formation. Consistently, high-throughput RNA sequencing of microdissected embryonic chick lenses revealed that expression of a protein that targets mitochondria for elimination during erythrocyte formation, called BCL2 interacting protein 3-like (BNIP3L/NIX), peaks in the region of lens where organelle elimination occurs. To examine the potential role for BNIP3L in the elimination of mitochondria during lens fiber cell remodeling, we analyzed the expression pattern of BNIP3L in newborn mouse lenses, the effect of its deletion on organelle elimination and its co-localization with lens organelles. We demonstrate that the expression pattern of BNIP3L in the mouse lens is consistent with it playing an important role in the elimination of mitochondria during lens fiber cell organelle elimination. Importantly, we demonstrate that deletion of BNIP3L results in retention of mitochondria during lens fiber cell remodeling, and, surprisingly, that deletion of BNIP3L also results in the retention of endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus but not nuclei. Finally, we show that BNIP3L localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus of wild-type newborn mouse lenses and is contained within mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus isolated from adult mouse liver. These data identify BNIP3L as a novel requirement for the elimination of mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus during lens fiber cell remodeling and they suggest a novel function for BNIP3L in the regulation of endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus populations in the lens and non-lens tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa A Brennan
- Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, 33431, USA
| | - Rebecca McGreal-Estrada
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA; Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Caitlin M Logan
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Ales Cvekl
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA; Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - A Sue Menko
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Marc Kantorow
- Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, 33431, USA.
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Macher-Goeppinger S, Keith M, Hatiboglu G, Hohenfellner M, Schirmacher P, Roth W, Tagscherer KE. Expression and Functional Characterization of the BNIP3 Protein in Renal Cell Carcinomas. Transl Oncol 2017; 10:869-875. [PMID: 28918350 PMCID: PMC5602480 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2017.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Revised: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BNIP3 (Bcl-2/adenovirus E1B 19-kDa interacting protein 3) is a BH3-only protein that regulates apoptosis and autophagy. BNIP3 plays also an important role in hypoxia-induced cell response and is regulated by HIF1. Here, we studied a possible association of BNIP3 expression and the prognosis of patients with renal cell carcinomas (RCCs) and examined the functional relevance of BNIP3 in the regulation of cell survival and apoptosis of renal carcinoma cells. BNIP3 expression was determined by immunohistochemistry in RCC tumor tissue samples of 569 patients using a tissue microarray. Functional characterization of BNIP3 in renal carcinoma cells indicates prosurvival effects. In human RCC tumor samples, high cytoplasmic BNIP3 expression was associated with high-grade RCCs and regional lymph node metastasis. BNIP3 expression correlated negatively with disease-specific survival. Multivariate Cox regression analysis retained BNIP3 expression as an independent prognostic factor in patients without distant metastasis. Together, our studies imply that BNIP3 regulates cell survival in RCCs and its expression is an independent prognostic marker in patients with localized RCCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Macher-Goeppinger
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; Institute of Pathology, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 224, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Martina Keith
- Institute of Pathology, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 224, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gencay Hatiboglu
- Department of Urology, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 110, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Markus Hohenfellner
- Department of Urology, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 110, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter Schirmacher
- Institute of Pathology, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 224, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Wilfried Roth
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; Institute of Pathology, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 224, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Katrin E Tagscherer
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; Institute of Pathology, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 224, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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20
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Ma Z, Chen C, Tang P, Zhang H, Yue J, Yu Z. BNIP3 induces apoptosis and protective autophagy under hypoxia in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cell lines: BNIP3 regulates cell death. Dis Esophagus 2017; 30:1-8. [PMID: 28859361 DOI: 10.1093/dote/dox059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Bcl-2/adenovirus E1B 19-kDa interacting protein (BNIP3), a pro-apoptosis protein regulated by the methylation status of its promoter, has been implicated in inducing autophagy. However, the roles of BNIP3 and BNIP3-induced autophagy under hypoxia remain uncertain in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Two esophageal squamous cancer cell lines, CAES17 and KYSE140, were selected on the basis of the expression and methylation status of BNIP3 to investigate the features of BNIP3 under hypoxia. Hypoxia increased cell death and the expression of BNIP3, whose promoter status was lower methylation, in a time-dependent manner. BNIP3 knockdown by RNA interference downregulated cell death. These studies demonstrated that the exposure of ESCC cells to hypoxia increased the autophagic punctate distribution of MDC staining and GFP-LC3 and that autophagy rate could be inhibited by BNIP3-siRNA. In addition, under hypoxia, cells transfected with BNIP3-siRNA exhibited a lower apoptosis rate than the control, and the apoptosis induced by BNIP3 exhibited a caspase-independent manner. Furthermore, the administration of the autophagic inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3-MA) could augment BNIP3-induced cell apoptosis and death, suggesting that autophagy plays a protective role under hypoxia. Together, our studies indicated that BNIP3 exerts prodeath effects through the induction of caspase-independent apoptosis under hypoxia in ESCC, though BNIP3-induced autophagy acting as a survival mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Ma
- Department of Esophageal Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - C Chen
- Department of Esophageal Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - P Tang
- Department of Esophageal Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - H Zhang
- Department of Esophageal Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - J Yue
- Department of Esophageal Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Z Yu
- Department of Esophageal Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
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Lyons A, Coleman M, Riis S, Favre C, O'Flanagan CH, Zhdanov AV, Papkovsky DB, Hursting SD, O'Connor R. Insulin-like growth factor 1 signaling is essential for mitochondrial biogenesis and mitophagy in cancer cells. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:16983-16998. [PMID: 28821609 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.792838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2017] [Revised: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial activity and metabolic reprogramming influence the phenotype of cancer cells and resistance to targeted therapy. We previously established that an insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1)-inducible mitochondrial UTP carrier (PNC1/SLC25A33) promotes cell growth. This prompted us to investigate whether IGF signaling is essential for mitochondrial maintenance in cancer cells and whether this contributes to therapy resistance. Here we show that IGF-1 stimulates mitochondrial biogenesis in a range of cell lines. In MCF-7 and ZR75.1 breast cancer cells, IGF-1 induces peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1β (PGC-1β) and PGC-1α-related coactivator (PRC). Suppression of PGC-1β and PRC with siRNA reverses the effects of IGF-1 and disrupts mitochondrial morphology and membrane potential. IGF-1 also induced expression of the redox regulator nuclear factor-erythroid-derived 2-like 2 (NFE2L2 alias NRF-2). Of note, MCF-7 cells with acquired resistance to an IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1R) tyrosine kinase inhibitor exhibited reduced expression of PGC-1β, PRC, and mitochondrial biogenesis. Interestingly, these cells exhibited mitochondrial dysfunction, indicated by reactive oxygen species expression, reduced expression of the mitophagy mediators BNIP3 and BNIP3L, and impaired mitophagy. In agreement with this, IGF-1 robustly induced BNIP3 accumulation in mitochondria. Other active receptor tyrosine kinases could not compensate for reduced IGF-1R activity in mitochondrial protection, and MCF-7 cells with suppressed IGF-1R activity became highly dependent on glycolysis for survival. We conclude that IGF-1 signaling is essential for sustaining cancer cell viability by stimulating both mitochondrial biogenesis and turnover through BNIP3 induction. This core mitochondrial protective signal is likely to strongly influence responses to therapy and the phenotypic evolution of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Lyons
- From the Cell Biology Laboratory and
| | | | | | | | - Ciara H O'Flanagan
- the Division of Nutritional Biochemistry, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7400
| | - Alexander V Zhdanov
- Biophysics and Bioanalysis Laboratory, School of Biochemistry and Cell Biology,University College Cork, Cork T12 YT20, Ireland and
| | - Dmitri B Papkovsky
- Biophysics and Bioanalysis Laboratory, School of Biochemistry and Cell Biology,University College Cork, Cork T12 YT20, Ireland and
| | - Stephen D Hursting
- the Division of Nutritional Biochemistry, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7400
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22
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Li H, Wu J, Shen H, Yao X, Liu C, Pianta S, Han J, Borlongan CV, Chen G. Autophagy in hemorrhagic stroke: Mechanisms and clinical implications. Prog Neurobiol 2017; 163-164:79-97. [PMID: 28414101 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2017.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence advances the critical role of autophagy in brain pathology after stroke. Investigations employing autophagy induction or inhibition using pharmacological tools or autophagy-related gene knockout mice have recently revealed the biological significance of intact and functional autophagy in stroke. Most of the reported cases attest to a pro-survival role for autophagy in stroke, by facilitating removal of damaged proteins and organelles, which can be recycled for energy generation and cellular defenses. However, these observations are difficult to reconcile with equally compelling evidence demonstrating stroke-induced upregulation of brain cell death index that parallels enhanced autophagy. This begs the question of whether drug-induced autophagy during stroke culminates in improved or worsened pathological outcomes. A corollary fascinating hypothesis, but presents as a tricky conundrum, involves the effects of autophagy on cell death and inflammation, which are two main culprits in the disease progression of stroke-induced brain injury. Evidence has extended the roles of autophagy in inflammation via cytokine regulation in an unconventional secretion manner or by targeting inflammasomes for degradation. Moreover, in the recently concluded Vancouver Autophagy Symposium (VAS) held in 2014, the potential of selective autophagy for clinical treatment has been recognized. The role of autophagy in ischemic stroke has been reviewed previously in detail. Here, we evaluate the strength of laboratory and clinical evidence by providing a comprehensive summary of the literature on autophagy, and thereafter we offer our perspectives on exploiting autophagy as a drug target for cerebral ischemia, especially in hemorrhagic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiying Li
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University,188 Shizi Street, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Jiang Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University,188 Shizi Street, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Haitao Shen
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University,188 Shizi Street, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Xiyang Yao
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University,188 Shizi Street, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Chenglin Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University,188 Shizi Street, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - S Pianta
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery & Brain Repair, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine,12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd Tampa, FL 33612 USA
| | - J Han
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery & Brain Repair, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine,12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd Tampa, FL 33612 USA
| | - C V Borlongan
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery & Brain Repair, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine,12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd Tampa, FL 33612 USA
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University,188 Shizi Street, Suzhou 215006, China.
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23
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Wilfinger N, Austin S, Scheiber-Mojdehkar B, Berger W, Reipert S, Praschberger M, Paur J, Trondl R, Keppler BK, Zielinski CC, Nowikovsky K. Novel p53-dependent anticancer strategy by targeting iron signaling and BNIP3L-induced mitophagy. Oncotarget 2016; 7:1242-61. [PMID: 26517689 PMCID: PMC4811457 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 09/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
This study identifies BNIP3L as the key regulator of p53-dependent cell death mechanism in colon cancer cells targeted by the novel gallium based anticancer drug, KP46. KP46 specifically accumulated into mitochondria where it caused p53-dependent morphological and functional damage impairing mitochondrial dynamics and bioenergetics. Furthermore, competing with iron for cellular uptake, KP46 lowered the intracellular labile iron pools and intracellular heme. Accordingly, p53 accumulated in the nucleus where it activated its transcriptional target BNIP3L, a BH3 only domain protein with functions in apoptosis and mitophagy. Upregulated BNIP3L sensitized the mitochondrial permeability transition and strongly induced PARKIN-mediated mitochondrial clearance and cellular vacuolization. Downregulation of BNIP3L entirely rescued cell viability caused by exposure of KP46 for 24 hours, confirming that early induced cell death was regulated by BNIP3L. Altogether, targeting BNIP3L in wild-type p53 colon cancer cells is a novel anticancer strategy activating iron depletion signaling and the mitophagy-related cell death pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nastasia Wilfinger
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Shane Austin
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Walter Berger
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Siegfried Reipert
- Cell Imaging and Ultrastructure Research, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Monika Praschberger
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jakob Paur
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Robert Trondl
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Christoph C Zielinski
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Karin Nowikovsky
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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24
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Lazarini M, Machado-Neto JA, Duarte ADSS, Pericole FV, Vieira KP, Niemann FS, Alvarez M, Traina F, Saad STO. BNIP3L in myelodysplastic syndromes and acute myeloid leukemia: impact on disease outcome and cellular response to decitabine. Haematologica 2016; 101:e445-e448. [PMID: 27443286 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2016.142521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Lazarini
- Hematology and Blood Transfusion Center-University of Campinas/Hemocentro-Unicamp, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia do Sangue, Campinas, Brazil .,Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo, Diadema, Brazil
| | - João Agostinho Machado-Neto
- Hematology and Blood Transfusion Center-University of Campinas/Hemocentro-Unicamp, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia do Sangue, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Adriana da Silva Santos Duarte
- Hematology and Blood Transfusion Center-University of Campinas/Hemocentro-Unicamp, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia do Sangue, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Fernando Vieira Pericole
- Hematology and Blood Transfusion Center-University of Campinas/Hemocentro-Unicamp, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia do Sangue, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Karla Priscila Vieira
- Hematology and Blood Transfusion Center-University of Campinas/Hemocentro-Unicamp, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia do Sangue, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Fernanda S Niemann
- Hematology and Blood Transfusion Center-University of Campinas/Hemocentro-Unicamp, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia do Sangue, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Marisa Alvarez
- Hematology and Blood Transfusion Center-University of Campinas/Hemocentro-Unicamp, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia do Sangue, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Fabiola Traina
- Hematology and Blood Transfusion Center-University of Campinas/Hemocentro-Unicamp, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia do Sangue, Campinas, Brazil.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of São Paulo at Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Brazil
| | - Sara Teresinha Olalla Saad
- Hematology and Blood Transfusion Center-University of Campinas/Hemocentro-Unicamp, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia do Sangue, Campinas, Brazil
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25
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Yamaguchi O, Murakawa T, Nishida K, Otsu K. Receptor-mediated mitophagy. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2016; 95:50-6. [PMID: 27021519 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2016.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Revised: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are essential organelles that supply ATP through oxidative phosphorylation to maintain cellular homeostasis. Extrinsic or intrinsic agents can impair mitochondria, and these impaired mitochondria can generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) as byproducts, inducing cellular damage and cell death. The quality control of mitochondria is essential for the maintenance of normal cellular functions, particularly in cardiomyocytes, because they are terminally differentiated. Accumulation of damaged mitochondria is characteristic of various diseases, including heart failure, neurodegenerative disease, and aging-related diseases. Mitochondria are generally degraded through autophagy, an intracellular degradation system that is conserved from yeast to mammals. Autophagy is thought to be a nonselective degradation process in which cytoplasmic proteins and organelles are engulfed by isolation membrane to form autophagosomes in eukaryotic cells. However, recent studies have described the process of selective autophagy, which targets specific proteins or organelles such as mitochondria. Mitochondria-specific autophagy is called mitophagy. Dysregulation of mitophagy is implicated in the development of chronic diseases including neurodegenerative diseases, metabolic diseases, and heart failure. In this review, we discuss recent progress in research on mitophagy receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osamu Yamaguchi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Tomokazu Murakawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Nishida
- Cardiovascular Division, King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, London SE5 9NU, United Kingdom
| | - Kinya Otsu
- Cardiovascular Division, King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, London SE5 9NU, United Kingdom
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26
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Bnip3 Binds and Activates p300: Possible Role in Cardiac Transcription and Myocyte Morphology. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0136847. [PMID: 26317696 PMCID: PMC4552727 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0136847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2015] [Accepted: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Bnip3 is a hypoxia-regulated member of the Bcl-2 family of proteins that is implicated in apoptosis, programmed necrosis, autophagy and mitophagy. Mitochondria are thought to be the primary targets of Bnip3 although its activities may extend to the ER, cytoplasm, and nucleus. Bnip3 is induced in the heart by ischemia and pressure-overload, and may contribute to cardiomyopathy and heart failure. Only mitochondrial-dependent programmed death actions have been described for Bnip3 in the heart. Here we describe a novel activity of Bnip3 in cultured cardiac myocytes and transgenic mice overexpressing Bnip3 in the heart (Bnip3-TG). In cultured myocytes Bnip3 bound and activated the acetyltransferase p300, increased acetylation of histones and the transcription factor GATA4, and conferred p300 and GATA4-sensitive cellular morphological changes. In intact Bnip3-TG hearts Bnip3 also bound p300 and GATA4 and conferred enhanced GATA4 acetylation. Bnip3-TG mice underwent age-dependent ventricular dilation and heart failure that was partially prevented by p300 inhibition with curcumin. The results suggest that Bnip3 regulates cardiac gene expression and perhaps myocyte morphology by activating nuclear p300 acetyltransferase activity and hyperacetylating histones and p300-selective transcription factors.
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27
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Ney PA. Mitochondrial autophagy: Origins, significance, and role of BNIP3 and NIX. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2015; 1853:2775-83. [PMID: 25753537 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2015.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2014] [Revised: 01/24/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial autophagy (mitophagy) is a core cellular activity. In this review, we consider mitophagy and related cellular processes and discuss their significance for human disease. Strong parallels exist between mitophagy and xenophagy employed in host defense. These mechanisms converge on receptors in the innate immune system in clinically relevant scenarios. Mitophagy is part of a cellular quality control mechanism, which is implicated in degenerative disease, especially neurodegenerative disease. Furthermore, mitophagy is an aspect of cellular remodeling, which is employed during development. BNIP3 and NIX are related multi-functional outer mitochondrial membrane proteins. BNIP3 regulates mitophagy during hypoxia, whereas NIX is required for mitophagy during development of the erythroid lineage. Recent advances in the field of BNIP3- and NIX-mediated mitophagy are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul A Ney
- Department of Cell & Molecular Biology, Lindsley F. Kimball Research Institute, New York Blood Center, 310 East 67 Street, New York, NY 10065-6275, USA.
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28
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Arasaki K, Shimizu H, Mogari H, Nishida N, Hirota N, Furuno A, Kudo Y, Baba M, Baba N, Cheng J, Fujimoto T, Ishihara N, Ortiz-Sandoval C, Barlow LD, Raturi A, Dohmae N, Wakana Y, Inoue H, Tani K, Dacks JB, Simmen T, Tagaya M. A role for the ancient SNARE syntaxin 17 in regulating mitochondrial division. Dev Cell 2015; 32:304-17. [PMID: 25619926 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2014.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Revised: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Recent evidence suggests that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) tubules mark the sites where the GTPase Drp1 promotes mitochondrial fission via a largely unknown mechanism. Here, we show that the SNARE protein syntaxin 17 (Syn17) is present on raft-like structures of ER-mitochondria contact sites and promotes mitochondrial fission by determining Drp1 localization and activity. The hairpin-like C-terminal hydrophobic domain, including Lys-254, but not the SNARE domain, is important for this regulation. Syn17 also regulates ER Ca(2+) homeostasis and interferes with Rab32-mediated regulation of mitochondrial dynamics. Starvation disrupts the Syn17-Drp1 interaction, thus favoring mitochondrial elongation during autophagy. Because we also demonstrate that Syn17 is an ancient SNARE, our findings suggest that Syn17 is one of the original key regulators for ER-mitochondria contact sites present in the last eukaryotic common ancestor. As such, Syn17 acts as a switch that responds to nutrient conditions and integrates functions for the ER and autophagosomes with mitochondrial dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Arasaki
- School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Shimizu
- School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Mogari
- School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Naoki Nishida
- School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Naohiko Hirota
- School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Akiko Furuno
- School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Kudo
- School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Misuzu Baba
- Research Institute for Science and Technology, Kogakuin University, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0015, Japan; Informatics Program, Graduate School of Engineering, Kogakuin University, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0015, Japan
| | - Norio Baba
- Informatics Program, Graduate School of Engineering, Kogakuin University, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0015, Japan
| | - Jinglei Cheng
- Department of Anatomy and Molecular Cell Biology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Toyoshi Fujimoto
- Department of Anatomy and Molecular Cell Biology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Naotada Ishihara
- Department of Protein Biochemistry, Institute of Life Science, Kurume University, Kurume, Fukuoka 839-0864, Japan
| | | | - Lael D Barlow
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Arun Raturi
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Naoshi Dohmae
- Biomolecular Characterization Team, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Yuichi Wakana
- School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Hiroki Inoue
- School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Katsuko Tani
- School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Joel B Dacks
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Thomas Simmen
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Mitsuo Tagaya
- School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan.
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29
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Gibson SB. Autophagy in clear cell ovarian cancer, a potential marker for hypoxia and poor prognosis?(#). J Pathol 2015; 228:434-6. [PMID: 22951989 DOI: 10.1002/path.4100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2012] [Revised: 08/24/2012] [Accepted: 08/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy contributes to cell survival and is up-regulated under hypoxia in many different cancers. Ovarian cancer has a poor prognosis and is generally resistant to chemotherapy. Through genetic profiling, it has becoming evident that ovarian cancer has distinct subtypes but the significance of these subtypes in ovarian cancer remains unclear. In this issue, Dr Lum and colleagues have presented evidence that autophagy as measured by LC3A staining occurs in a clear cell ovarian cancer that is correlated with hypoxic regions and poor overall survival. In addition, autophagy under hypoxia appears to be higher in clear cell ovarian cancer cells compared to other subtypes. This indicates that autophagy could be a factor in drug resistance and poor survival in clear cell ovarian cancer patients. This insight could lead to a better understanding of the role of autophagy under hypoxia in human ovarian cancer and could be a valuable biomarker for the development of better therapies for clear cell ovarian cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spencer B Gibson
- Manitoba Institute of Cell Biology, 675 McDermot Avenue, Manitoba, Canada; CancerCare Manitoba, Manitoba, Canada; Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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30
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Chen W, Sun Y, Liu K, Sun X. Autophagy: a double-edged sword for neuronal survival after cerebral ischemia. Neural Regen Res 2014; 9:1210-6. [PMID: 25206784 PMCID: PMC4146291 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.135329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence suggests that autophagy may be a new therapeutic target for stroke, but whether activation of autophagy increases or decreases the rate of neuronal death is still under debate. This review summarizes the potential role and possible signaling pathway of autophagy in neuronal survival after cerebral ischemia and proposes that autophagy has dual effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqi Chen
- Department of Neurology, the Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yinyi Sun
- Department of Neurology, the Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kangyong Liu
- Zhoupu Hospital, Pudong New District, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaojiang Sun
- Department of Neurology, the Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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31
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Wang DB, Kinoshita C, Kinoshita Y, Morrison RS. p53 and mitochondrial function in neurons. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2014; 1842:1186-97. [PMID: 24412988 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2013.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2013] [Revised: 12/24/2013] [Accepted: 12/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The p53 tumor suppressor plays a central role in dictating cell survival and death as a cellular sensor for a myriad of stresses including DNA damage, oxidative and nutritional stress, ischemia and disruption of nucleolar function. Activation of p53-dependent apoptosis leads to mitochondrial apoptotic changes via the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways triggering cell death execution most notably by release of cytochrome c and activation of the caspase cascade. Although it was previously believed that p53 induces apoptotic mitochondrial changes exclusively through transcription-dependent mechanisms, recent studies suggest that p53 also regulates apoptosis via a transcription-independent action at the mitochondria. Recent evidence further suggests that p53 can regulate necrotic cell death and autophagic activity including mitophagy. An increasing number of cytosolic and mitochondrial proteins involved in mitochondrial metabolism and respiration are regulated by p53, which influences mitochondrial ROS production as well. Cellular redox homeostasis is also directly regulated by p53 through modified expression of pro- and anti-oxidant proteins. Proper regulation of mitochondrial size and shape through fission and fusion assures optimal mitochondrial bioenergetic function while enabling adequate mitochondrial transport to accommodate local energy demands unique to neuronal architecture. Abnormal regulation of mitochondrial dynamics has been increasingly implicated in neurodegeneration, where elevated levels of p53 may have a direct contribution as the expression of some fission/fusion proteins are directly regulated by p53. Thus, p53 may have a much wider influence on mitochondrial integrity and function than one would expect from its well-established ability to transcriptionally induce mitochondrial apoptosis. However, much of the evidence demonstrating that p53 can influence mitochondria through nuclear, cytosolic or intra-mitochondrial sites of action has yet to be confirmed in neurons. Nonetheless, as mitochondria are essential for supporting normal neuronal functions and in initiating/propagating cell death signaling, it appears certain that the mitochondria-related functions of p53 will have broader implications than previously thought in acute and progressive neurological conditions, providing new therapeutic targets for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- David B Wang
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington School of Medicine, Box 356470, Seattle, WA 98195-6470, USA
| | - Chizuru Kinoshita
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington School of Medicine, Box 356470, Seattle, WA 98195-6470, USA
| | - Yoshito Kinoshita
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington School of Medicine, Box 356470, Seattle, WA 98195-6470, USA
| | - Richard S Morrison
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington School of Medicine, Box 356470, Seattle, WA 98195-6470, USA.
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32
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Kalkat M, Garcia J, Ebrahimi J, Melland-Smith M, Todros T, Post M, Caniggia I. Placental autophagy regulation by the BOK-MCL1 rheostat. Autophagy 2013; 9:2140-53. [PMID: 24113155 DOI: 10.4161/auto.26452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is the catabolic degradation of cellular cytoplasmic constituents via the lysosomal pathway that physiologically elicits a primarily cytoprotective function, but can rapidly be upregulated in response to stressors thereby inducing cell death. We have reported that the balance between the BCL2 family proteins BOK and MCL1 regulates human trophoblast cell fate and its alteration toward cell death typifies preeclampsia. Here we demonstrate that BOK is a potent inducer of autophagy as shown by increased LC3B-II production, autophagosomal formation and lysosomal activation in HEK 293. In contrast, using JEG3 cells we showed that prosurvival MCL1 acts as a repressor of autophagy via an interaction with BECN1, which is abrogated by BOK. We found that MCL1-cleaved products, specifically MCL1c157, trigger autophagy while the splicing variant MCL1S has no effect. Treatment of JEG3 cells with nitric oxide donor SNP resulted in BOK-MCL1 rheostat dysregulation, favoring BOK accumulation, thereby inducing autophagy. Overexpression of MCL1 rescued oxidative stress-induced autophagy. Of clinical relevance, we report aberrant autophagy levels in the preeclamptic placenta due to impaired recruitment of BECN1 to MCL1. Our data provided the first evidence for a key role of the BOK-MCL1 system in regulating autophagy in the human placenta, whereby an adverse environment as seen in preeclampsia tilts the BOK-MCL1 balance toward the build-up of isoforms that triggers placental autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manpreet Kalkat
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute; Mount Sinai Hospital; Toronto, ON CA; Department of Physiology; University of Toronto; Toronto, ON CA
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Tseng AHH, Shieh SS, Wang DL. SIRT3 deacetylates FOXO3 to protect mitochondria against oxidative damage. Free Radic Biol Med 2013; 63:222-34. [PMID: 23665396 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 304] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2012] [Revised: 05/01/2013] [Accepted: 05/01/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Progressive accumulation of defective mitochondria is a common feature of aged cells. SIRT3 is a NAD(+)-dependent protein deacetylase that regulates mitochondrial function and metabolism in response to caloric restriction and stress. FOXO3 is a direct target of SIRT3 and functions as a forkhead transcription factor to govern diverse cellular responses to stress. Here we show that hydrogen peroxide induces SIRT3 to deacetylate FOXO3 at K271 and K290, followed by the upregulation of a set of genes that are essential for mitochondrial homeostasis (mitochondrial biogenesis, fission/fusion, and mitophagy). Consequently, SIRT3-mediated deacetylation of FOXO3 modulates mitochondrial mass, ATP production, and clearance of defective mitochondria. Thus, mitochondrial quantity and quality are ensured to maintain mitochondrial reserve capacity in response to oxidative damage. Maladaptation to oxidative stress is a major risk factor underlying aging and many aging-related diseases. Hence, our finding that SIRT3 deacetylates FOXO3 to protect mitochondria against oxidative stress provides a possible direction for aging-delaying therapies and disease intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne H H Tseng
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, 11221 Taipei, Taiwan
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Defining the role of the Bcl-2 family proteins in Huntington's disease. Cell Death Dis 2013; 4:e772. [PMID: 23949221 PMCID: PMC3763461 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2013.300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2013] [Revised: 07/12/2013] [Accepted: 07/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) family proteins regulate survival, mitochondria morphology dynamics and metabolism in many cell types including neurons. Huntington's disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative disorder caused by an expanded CAG repeat tract in the IT15 gene that encodes for the protein huntingtin (htt). In vitro and in vivo models of HD and HD patients' tissues show abnormal mitochondrial function and increased cell death rates associated with alterations in Bcl-2 family protein expression and localization. This review aims to draw together the information related to Bcl-2 family protein alterations in HD to decipher their potential role in mutated htt-related cell death and mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Rui Y, Ke K, Li L, Zheng H, Xu W, Tan X, Cao J, Wu X, Cui G, Zhao G, Gao Y, Cao M. Up-regulated expression of Bnip3L after intracerebral hemorrhage in adult rats. J Mol Histol 2013; 44:497-505. [PMID: 23771482 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-013-9506-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2013] [Accepted: 04/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Bnip3L, also known as NIX, is a homolog of the E1B 19K/Bcl-2 binding and pro-apoptotic protein Bnip3 which can bind to Bcl-2 to elaborate that effect. In tumor cells, Bnip3L played a role in tumor growth inhibition, but some studies argued hypoxia-induced autophagy via Bnip3L was a survival mechanism that promoted tumor progression. In heart muscle, it related to decreased myocardial function. However, its function in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is still not clear. In this frame, we found the Bnip3L expression increased in the perihematomal region in adult rats after performed ICH. Double immunofluorenscence staining manifested that Bnip3L co-located with neurons, not astrocytes or oligodendrocytes. Furthermore, we detected that neuronal apoptosis marker active caspase-3 had colocalizations with Bnip3L. In addition, colocalizations and co-immunoprecipitation between Bnip3L and Bcl-2, consistent with previous study, were also found. All our findings suggested that Bnip3L might be involved in the pathophysiology of ICH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Rui
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
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Fedorova LV, Sodhi K, Gatto-Weis C, Puri N, Hinds TD, Shapiro JI, Malhotra D. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor δ agonist, HPP593, prevents renal necrosis under chronic ischemia. PLoS One 2013; 8:e64436. [PMID: 23691217 PMCID: PMC3654981 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0064436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2012] [Accepted: 04/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The Goldblatt’s 2 kidney 1 clip (2K1C) rat animal model of renovascular hypertension is characterized by ischemic nephropathy of the clipped kidney. 2K1C rats were treated with a specific peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor δ (PPARδ) agonist, HPP593. Clipped kidneys from untreated rats developed tubular and glomerular necrosis and massive interstitial, periglomerular and perivascular fibrosis. HPP593 kidneys did not exhibit any histochemical features of necrosis; fibrotic lesions were present only in perivascular areas. Necrosis in the untreated clipped kidneys was associated with an increased oxidative stress, up regulation and mitochondrial translocation of the pro-death protein BNIP3 specifically in tubules. In the kidneys of HPP593-treated rats oxidative stress was attenuated and BNIP3 protein decreased notably in the mitochondrial fraction when compared to untreated animals. In untreated clipped kidneys, mitochondria were dysfunctional as revealed by perturbations in the levels of MCAD, COXIV, TFAM, and Parkin proteins and AMPK activation, while in HPP593-treated rats these proteins remained at the physiological levels. Nuclear amounts of oxidative stress-responsive proteins, NRF1 and NRF2 were below physiological levels in treated kidneys. Mitochondrial biogenesis and autophagy were inhibited similarly in both treated and untreated 2K1C kidneys as indicated by a decrease in PGC1-α and deficiency of the autophagy-essential proteins LC3-II and ATG5. However, HPP593 treatment resulted in increased accumulation of p62 protein, an autophagic substrate and an enhancer of NRF2 activity. Therefore, inhibition of BNIP3 activation by the preservation of mitochondrial function and control of oxidative stress by PPARδ is the most likely mechanism to account for the prevention of necrotic death in the kidney under conditions of persistent ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larisa V Fedorova
- Department of Medicine, The University of Toledo School of Medicine, Toledo, Ohio, United States of America.
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Kondo-Okamoto N, Noda NN, Suzuki SW, Nakatogawa H, Takahashi I, Matsunami M, Hashimoto A, Inagaki F, Ohsumi Y, Okamoto K. Autophagy-related protein 32 acts as autophagic degron and directly initiates mitophagy. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:10631-10638. [PMID: 22308029 PMCID: PMC3323008 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.299917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2011] [Revised: 01/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy-related degradation selective for mitochondria (mitophagy) is an evolutionarily conserved process that is thought to be critical for mitochondrial quality and quantity control. In budding yeast, autophagy-related protein 32 (Atg32) is inserted into the outer membrane of mitochondria with its N- and C-terminal domains exposed to the cytosol and mitochondrial intermembrane space, respectively, and plays an essential role in mitophagy. Atg32 interacts with Atg8, a ubiquitin-like protein localized to the autophagosome, and Atg11, a scaffold protein required for selective autophagy-related pathways, although the significance of these interactions remains elusive. In addition, whether Atg32 is the sole protein necessary and sufficient for initiation of autophagosome formation has not been addressed. Here we show that the Atg32 IMS domain is dispensable for mitophagy. Notably, when anchored to peroxisomes, the Atg32 cytosol domain promoted autophagy-dependent peroxisome degradation, suggesting that Atg32 contains a module compatible for other organelle autophagy. X-ray crystallography reveals that the Atg32 Atg8 family-interacting motif peptide binds Atg8 in a conserved manner. Mutations in this binding interface impair association of Atg32 with the free form of Atg8 and mitophagy. Moreover, Atg32 variants, which do not stably interact with Atg11, are strongly defective in mitochondrial degradation. Finally, we demonstrate that Atg32 forms a complex with Atg8 and Atg11 prior to and independent of isolation membrane generation and subsequent autophagosome formation. Taken together, our data implicate Atg32 as a bipartite platform recruiting Atg8 and Atg11 to the mitochondrial surface and forming an initiator complex crucial for mitophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriko Kondo-Okamoto
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Dynamics, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan
| | - Nobuo N Noda
- Department of Structural Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan, and
| | - Sho W Suzuki
- Frontier Research Center, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Nakatogawa
- Frontier Research Center, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Ikuko Takahashi
- Frontier Research Center, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Miou Matsunami
- Frontier Research Center, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Ayako Hashimoto
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Dynamics, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan
| | - Fuyuhiko Inagaki
- Department of Structural Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan, and
| | - Yoshinori Ohsumi
- Frontier Research Center, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Koji Okamoto
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Dynamics, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan,.
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Okamoto K, Kondo-Okamoto N. Mitochondria and autophagy: critical interplay between the two homeostats. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2011; 1820:595-600. [PMID: 21846491 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2011.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2011] [Accepted: 08/01/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitochondria are dynamic organelles that frequently change their number, size, shape, and distribution in response to intra- and extracellular cues. After proliferated from pre-existing ones, fresh mitochondria enter constant cycles of fission and fusion that organize them into two distinct states - "individual state" and "network state". When compromised with various injuries, solitary mitochondria are subjected to organelle degradation. This clearance pathway relies on autophagy, a self-eating process that plays key roles in manifold cell activities. Recent studies reveal that defects in autophagic degradation selective for mitochondria (mitophagy) are associated with neurodegenerative diseases, highlighting the physiological relevance to cellular functions. SCOPE OF REVIEW Here we review recent progress regarding a link between mitochondria and autophagy in yeast and multicellular eukaryotes. In particular, fundamental principles underlying mitophagy, and mitochondrial quality control are emphasized. Accumulating evidence also implicates nonselective autophagy in the management of mitochondrial fitness. Conversely, mitochondria are suggested to serve as signaling platforms vital for regulating autophagy. These interdependent relationships are likely to coordinate metabolic plasticity in the cell. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS Mitochondria and autophagy are elaborately linked homeostatic elements that act in response to changes in cellular environment such as energy, nutrient, and stress. How cells integrate these double membrane-bound systems still remains elusive. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Interplay between mitochondria and autophagy seems to be evolutionarily conserved. Defects in one of these elements could simultaneously impair the other, resulting in risk increments for various human diseases. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Biochemistry of Mitochondria.
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