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Liu X, Su H, Wang F, Ma B, Tao Y, Cao K, Shen Y, Zhao W, Wei Y, Wu F. Understanding the Role of Low-Dose Polystyrene Microplastic in Copper Toxicity to Rice Seed (Oryza sativa L.). ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2024; 43:1870-1879. [PMID: 38837494 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
There is still much to learn with respect to the potential for microplastics (MPs) to interact with environmental toxins and biota. In the present study, we investigated the effect of MPs on the toxicity of copper (Cu) to rice seeds (Oryza sativa L.). The 7-day median effective concentration (EC50) value of MPs on rice seed germination was 864 mg/L (95% confidence interval [CI] 839 to 897 mg/L). We found that MPs slightly reduced Cu toxicity to rice seeds. The 7-day EC50 of Cu on rice seed germination increased from 7.29 mg/L (95% CI 7.10-7.52 mg/L) to 7.93 mg/L (95% CI 7.58-8.08 mg/L) in the presence of 20 mg/L MPs. We examined this toxicity reduction phenomenon by investigating the role of MPs in the process of Cu transport, Cu accumulation, and metabolic responses. Further investigation found that the MPs used in the present study hardly adsorbed Cu, but these MPs accumulated on the coats of rice seeds and significantly reduced Cu accumulation in rice seedlings. When Cu concentration was 10 mg/L, the presence of MPs reduced the accumulation of Cu in rice seedlings by 34%. We also found that, compared with only Cu present, the addition of MPs resulted in lower reactive oxygen species accumulation and higher catalase activity and glutathione levels in rice seedlings, which also contributed to Cu toxicity reduction. Collectively, the present study shows that polystyrene MPs have the potential to form associations with plant structures which can ultimately impact heavy metal bioaccessibility and therefore toxicity. Environ Toxicol Chem 2024;43:1870-1879. © 2024 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuesong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hailei Su
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fanfan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Binni Ma
- College of Chemical & Material Engineering, Quzhou University, Quzhou, China
| | - Yanru Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ke Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yaqin Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wensi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fengchang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, China
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Lin Z, Liu Z, Pan Z, Zhang Y, Yang X, Feng Y, Zhang R, Zeng W, Gong C, Chen J. EGR1 Promotes Erastin-induced Ferroptosis Through Activating Nrf2-HMOX1 Signaling Pathway in Breast Cancer Cells. J Cancer 2024; 15:4577-4590. [PMID: 39006084 PMCID: PMC11242347 DOI: 10.7150/jca.95328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Early growth response 1 (EGR1) is a crucial transcription factor composed of zinc finger structures, inhibitory and activating regulatory regions. We identified the biological effect and molecular mechanisms of EGR1 in breast cancer (BC). Methods: We used qRT-PCR, western blot and immunohistochemistry to examine the expression of EGR1 in BC samples. CCK-8 and colony assay were performed to reveal the effect of EGR1 on the proliferation of BC cells. LDH release assay, MCB assay, MDA assay, C-AM assay and TMRE assay were performed to measure the levels of LDH release, GSH, MDA, LIP and mitochondrial membrane potential. The regulation of EGR1 on the expression of Nrf2 and HMOX1 was investigated through Western blot. Xenograft models were conducted to determine the impact of EGR1 overexpression on BC in vivo. Results: The expression of EGR1 was downregulated in BC tissues compared with the normal tissues, and lower expression of EGR1 associated with poorer clinical outcome in BC patients. Through in vitro experiments, we found that EGR1 downregulation facilitated the proliferation of BC cells, and overexpression of EGR1 inhibited the proliferation of BC cells. In addition, EGR1 knockdown alleviated erastin-induced ferroptosis and overexpression of EGR1 facilitated erastin-induced ferroptosis in BC cells. Moreover, overexpression of EGR1 facilitated the anti-tumor effect caused by erastin in vivo. Mechanistically, the phosphorylation levels of Nrf2 and the expression of HMOX1 were reduced due to the downregulation of EGR1, and increased due to the upregulation of EGR1. Additionally, the finding that EGR1 facilitated erastin-induced ferroptosis was alleviated by the inhibition of Nrf2-HMOX1. Conclusion: The expression of EGR1 is downregulated in BC, which is correlated with poor prognosis of BC patients. EGR1 suppresses the proliferation of BC cells and facilitates erastin-induced ferroptosis by activating Nrf2-HMOX1 signaling pathway in BC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhirong Lin
- Breast Tumor Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Zifei Liu
- Breast Tumor Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Zhilong Pan
- Breast Tumor Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Yunyi Zhang
- Breast Tumor Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Xinyu Yang
- Breast Tumor Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Yaxin Feng
- Breast Tumor Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Ruihua Zhang
- Breast Tumor Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Wenfeng Zeng
- Breast Tumor Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Chang Gong
- Breast Tumor Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Jianing Chen
- Breast Tumor Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
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Jiang Y, Glandorff C, Sun M. GSH and Ferroptosis: Side-by-Side Partners in the Fight against Tumors. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:697. [PMID: 38929136 PMCID: PMC11201279 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13060697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Glutathione (GSH), a prominent antioxidant in organisms, exhibits diverse biological functions and is crucial in safeguarding cells against oxidative harm and upholding a stable redox milieu. The metabolism of GSH is implicated in numerous diseases, particularly in the progression of malignant tumors. Consequently, therapeutic strategies targeting the regulation of GSH synthesis and metabolism to modulate GSH levels represent a promising avenue for future research. This study aimed to elucidate the intricate relationship between GSH metabolism and ferroptosis, highlighting how modulation of GSH metabolism can impact cellular susceptibility to ferroptosis and consequently influence the development of tumors and other diseases. The paper provides a comprehensive overview of the physiological functions of GSH, including its structural characteristics, physicochemical properties, sources, and metabolic pathways, as well as investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying GSH regulation of ferroptosis and potential therapeutic interventions. Unraveling the biological role of GSH holds promise for individuals afflicted with tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulang Jiang
- Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; (Y.J.); (C.G.)
- Internal Medicine in Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
- Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases, Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Christian Glandorff
- Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; (Y.J.); (C.G.)
- Internal Medicine in Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
- Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases, Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
- University Clinic of Hamburg at the HanseMerkur Center of TCM, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Mingyu Sun
- Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; (Y.J.); (C.G.)
- Internal Medicine in Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
- Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases, Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
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Wei Q, Xue C, Li M, Wei J, Zheng L, Chen S, Duan Y, Deng H, Tang F, Xiong W, Zhou M. Ferroptosis: a critical mechanism of N 6-methyladenosine modification involved in carcinogenesis and tumor progression. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2024; 67:1119-1132. [PMID: 38811442 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-023-2474-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent regulatory cell necrosis induced by iron overload and lipid peroxidation. It occurs when multiple redox-active enzymes are ectopically expressed or show abnormal function. Hence, the precise regulation of ferroptosis-related molecules is mediated across multiple levels, including transcriptional, posttranscriptional, translational, and epigenetic levels. N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is a highly evolutionarily conserved epigenetic modification in mammals. The m6A modification is commonly linked to tumor proliferation, progression, and therapy resistance because it is involved in RNA metabolic processes. Intriguingly, accumulating evidence suggests that dysregulated ferroptosis caused by the m6A modification drives tumor development. In this review, we summarized the roles of m6A regulators in ferroptosis-mediated malignant tumor progression and outlined the m6A regulatory mechanism involved in ferroptosis pathways. We also analyzed the potential value and application strategies of targeting m6A/ferroptosis pathway in the clinical diagnosis and therapy of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Wei
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
- Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Changning Xue
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
- Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Mengna Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
- Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Jianxia Wei
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
- Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Lemei Zheng
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
- Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Oncotarget Gene, Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Shipeng Chen
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
- Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Yumei Duan
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
- Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Hongyu Deng
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
- Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Oncotarget Gene, Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Faqing Tang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
- Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Oncotarget Gene, Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Wei Xiong
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
- Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Ming Zhou
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China.
- Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China.
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China.
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Oncotarget Gene, Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China.
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Roy N, Paira P. Glutathione Depletion and Stalwart Anticancer Activity of Metallotherapeutics Inducing Programmed Cell Death: Opening a New Window for Cancer Therapy. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:20670-20701. [PMID: 38764686 PMCID: PMC11097382 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c08890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
The cellular defense system against exogenous substances makes therapeutics inefficient as intracellular glutathione (GSH) exhibits an astounding antioxidant activity in scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS) or reactive nitrogen species (RNS) or other free radicals produced by the therapeutics. In the cancer cell microenvironment, the intracellular GSH level becomes exceptionally high to fight against oxidative stress created by the production of ROS/RNS or any free radicals, which are the byproducts of intracellular redox reactions or cellular respiration processes. Thus, in order to maintain redox homeostasis for survival of cancer cells and their rapid proliferation, the GSH level starts to escalate. In this circumstance, the administration of anticancer therapeutics is in vain, as the elevated GSH level reduces their potential by reduction or by scavenging the ROS/RNS they produce. Therefore, in order to augment the therapeutic potential of anticancer agents against elevated GSH condition, the GSH level must be depleted by hook or by crook. Hence, this Review aims to compile precisely the role of GSH in cancer cells, the importance of its depletion for cancer therapy and examples of anticancer activity of a few selected metal complexes which are able to trigger cancer cell death by depleting the GSH level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilmadhab Roy
- Department of Chemistry, School of
Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of
Technology, Vellore-632014, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Priyankar Paira
- Department of Chemistry, School of
Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of
Technology, Vellore-632014, Tamilnadu, India
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Salem MB, El-Lakkany NM, Seif el-Din SH, Hammam OA, Samir S. Diosmin alleviates ulcerative colitis in mice by increasing Akkermansia muciniphila abundance, improving intestinal barrier function, and modulating the NF-κB and Nrf2 pathways. Heliyon 2024; 10:e27527. [PMID: 38500992 PMCID: PMC10945203 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis is a common type of inflammatory bowel disease that affects millions of individuals around the world. Traditional UC treatment has focused on suppressing immune responses rather than treating the underlying causes of UC, which include oxidative stress, inflammation, and microbiota dysbiosis. Diosmin (DIO), a naturally occurring flavonoid, possesses antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of DIO in treating dextran-sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis, and to investigate some of its underlying mechanisms, with an emphasis on Akkermansia muciniphila abundance, inflammatory markers, and intestinal barrier function. C57BL/6 mice were given 4% (w/v) DSS to induce colitis. DSS-induced mice were administered DIO (100 and 200 mg/kg) or sulfasalazine orally for 7 days. Every day, the disease activity index (DAI) was determined by recording body weight, diarrhea, and bloody stool. Changes in fecal A. muciniphila abundance, colonic MUC1 and MUC2 expression, as well as oxidative stress and inflammatory markers were all assessed. Histopathological changes, colonic PIK3PR3 and ZO-1 levels, and immunohistochemical examinations of occludin and claudin-1, were investigated. DIO administration resulted in a dose-dependent decrease in DAI, as well as increase in A. muciniphila abundance and MUC2 expression while decreasing MUC1 expression. DIO also dramatically reduced colonic oxidative stress and inflammation by regulating the NF-κB and Nrf2 cascades, restored intestinal barrier integrity by inhibiting PIK3R3 and inducing ZO-1, and improved occludin/claudin-1 gene expression and immunostaining. This study provides the first evidence that DIO preserves intestinal barrier integrity and increases A. muciniphila abundance in DSS-induced colitis. However, more research is required to explore the impact of DIO on the overall composition and diversity of the gut microbiota. Likewise, it will be important to fully understand the molecular mechanisms by which A. muciniphila maintains intestinal barrier function and its potential use as an adjuvant in the treatment of UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha Badr Salem
- Department of Pharmacology, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Warrak El-Hadar, Imbaba, Giza, 12411, Egypt
| | - Naglaa Mohamed El-Lakkany
- Department of Pharmacology, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Warrak El-Hadar, Imbaba, Giza, 12411, Egypt
| | - Sayed Hassan Seif el-Din
- Department of Pharmacology, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Warrak El-Hadar, Imbaba, Giza, 12411, Egypt
| | - Olfat Ali Hammam
- Department of Pathology, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Warrak El-Hadar, Imbaba, Giza, 12411, Egypt
| | - Safia Samir
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Warrak El-Hadar, Imbaba, Giza, 12411, Egypt
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Bilinsky LM. A Computational Model of Endogenous Hydrogen Peroxide Metabolism in Hepatocytes, Featuring a Critical Role for GSH. COMPUTATIONAL TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2024; 29:100299. [PMID: 38682127 PMCID: PMC11044893 DOI: 10.1016/j.comtox.2024.100299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
This paper presents an ordinary differential equation (ODE) model of endogenous H2O2 production and elimination in hepatocytes that is unique, at the time of writing, in its ability to accurately compute intracellular H2O2 concentration during incidents of oxidative stress and in its usefulness for constructing PBPK/PD models for ROS-generating xenobiotics. Versions of the model are presented for rat hepatocytes in vitro and mouse liver in vivo. A generic method is given for using the model to create PBPK/PD models which predict intracellular H2O2 concentration and oxidative-stress-induced hepatocyte death; these are identifiable from in vitro data sets reporting cell mortality following xenobiotic exposure at various levels. The procedure is demonstrated for the trivalent arsenical dimethylarsinous acid (DMAIII), which is produced in liver as part of the arsenic elimination pathway. This is the first model of H2O2 metabolism in hepatocytes to feature values for the endogenous rates of H2O2 production by mitochondria and other organelles which are inferred from the physiology literature, and to feature a detailed, realistic treatment of GSH metabolism; the latter is achieved by incorporating a minimal version of Reed and coworkers' pioneering model of GSH metabolism in liver. Model simulations indicate that critical GSH depletion is the immediate trigger for intracellular H2O2 rising to concentrations associated with apoptosis (> 1 μM), that this may only occur hours after the xenobiotic concentration peaks ("delay effect"), that when critical GSH depletion does occur, H2O2 concentration rises rapidly in a sequence of two boundary layers, characterized by the kinetics of glutathione peroxidase (first boundary layer) and catalase (second boundary layer), and that intracellular H2O2 concentration > 1 μM implies critical GSH depletion. There has been speculation that ROS levels in the range associated with apoptosis simply indicate, rather than cause, an apoptotic milieu. Model simulations are consistent with this view. In a result of interest to the wider physiology community, the delay effect is shown to provide a GSH-based mechanism by which cells can distinguish transient elevations in H2O2 concentration, of use in intracellular signaling, from persistent ones indicative of either pathology or the presence of toxins, the second state of affairs eventually triggering apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Bilinsky
- Division of Biochemical Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research (U.S. FDA), 3900 NCTR Rd., Jefferson, AR 72079, USA
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Carvalho FV, Landis HE, Getachew B, Silva VDA, Ribeiro PR, Aschner M, Tizabi Y. Iron toxicity, ferroptosis and microbiota in Parkinson's disease: Implications for novel targets. ADVANCES IN NEUROTOXICOLOGY 2024; 11:105-132. [PMID: 38770370 PMCID: PMC11105119 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ant.2024.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Parkinson's Disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by loss of dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc). Iron (Fe)-dependent programmed cell death known as ferroptosis, plays a crucial role in the etiology and progression of PD. Since SNpc is particularly vulnerable to Fe toxicity, a central role for ferroptosis in the etiology and progression of PD is envisioned. Ferroptosis, characterized by reactive oxygen species (ROS)-dependent accumulation of lipid peroxides, is tightly regulated by a variety of intracellular metabolic processes. Moreover, the recently characterized bi-directional interactions between ferroptosis and the gut microbiota, not only provides another window into the mechanistic underpinnings of PD but could also suggest novel interventions in this devastating disease. Here, following a brief discussion of PD, we focus on how our expanding knowledge of Fe-induced ferroptosis and its interaction with the gut microbiota may contribute to the pathophysiology of PD and how this knowledge may be exploited to provide novel interventions in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Harold E. Landis
- Integrative Medicine Fellow, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Bruk Getachew
- Department of Pharmacology, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC, United States
| | | | - Paulo R. Ribeiro
- Metabolomics Research Group, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Bahia, Brazil
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Yousef Tizabi
- Department of Pharmacology, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC, United States
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Li Z, Lu J, Dong Z, Liang J, Li S, Han W, Cui T, Liu H. Glutathione supplementation improves fat graft survival by inhibiting ferroptosis via the SLC7A11/GPX4 axis. Stem Cell Res Ther 2024; 15:25. [PMID: 38287398 PMCID: PMC10826280 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-024-03644-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autologous fat grafting is hampered by unpredictable graft survival, which is potentially regulated by ferroptosis. Glutathione (GSH), a powerful antioxidant used in tissue preservation, has ferroptosis-regulating activity; however, its effects on fat grafts are unclear. This study investigated the effects and mechanisms of GSH in fat graft survival. METHODS Human lipoaspirates were transplanted subcutaneously into the backs of normal saline-treated (control) or GSH-treated nude mice. Graft survival was evaluated by magnetic resonance imaging and histology. RNA sequencing was performed to identify differentially expressed genes and enriched pathways. GSH activity was evaluated in vitro using an oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD) model of adipose-derived stem cells. RESULTS Compared with control group, GSH induced better outcomes, including superior graft retention, appearance, and histological structures. RNA sequencing suggested enhanced negative regulation of ferroptosis in the GSH-treated grafts, which showed reduced lipid peroxides, better mitochondrial ultrastructure, and SLC7A11/GPX4 axis activation. In vitro, OGD-induced ferroptosis was ameliorated by GSH, which restored cell proliferation, reduced oxidative stress, and upregulated ferroptosis defense factors. CONCLUSIONS Our study confirms that ferroptosis participates in regulating fat graft survival and that GSH exerts a protective effect by inhibiting ferroptosis. GSH-assisted lipotransfer is a promising therapeutic strategy for future clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehua Li
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinqiang Lu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiqin Dong
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaji Liang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Shenghong Li
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenwen Han
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Taixing Cui
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
| | - Hongwei Liu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
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Jerome RN, Zahn LA, Abner JJ, Joly MM, Shirey-Rice JK, Wallis RS, Bernard GR, Pulley JM. Repurposing N-acetylcysteine for management of non-acetaminophen induced acute liver failure: an evidence scan from a global health perspective. Transl Gastroenterol Hepatol 2024; 9:2. [PMID: 38317753 PMCID: PMC10838616 DOI: 10.21037/tgh-23-40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The World Health Organization (WHO)'s Essential Medicines List (EML) plays an important role in advocating for access to key treatments for conditions affecting people in all geographic settings. We applied our established drug repurposing methods to one EML agent, N-acetylcysteine (NAC), to identify additional uses of relevance to the global health community beyond its existing EML indication (acetaminophen toxicity). Methods We undertook a phenome-wide association study (PheWAS) of a variant in the glutathione synthetase (GSS) gene in approximately 35,000 patients to explore novel indications for use of NAC, which targets glutathione. We then evaluated the evidence regarding biologic plausibility, efficacy, and safety of NAC use in the new phenotype candidates. Results PheWAS of GSS variant R418Q revealed increased risk of several phenotypes related to non-acetaminophen induced acute liver failure (ALF), indicating that NAC may represent a therapeutic option for treating this condition. Evidence review identified practice guidelines, systematic reviews, clinical trials, retrospective cohorts and case series, and case reports. This evidence suggesting benefit of NAC use in this subset of ALF patients. The safety profile of NAC in this literature was also concordant with existing evidence on safety of this agent in acetaminophen-induced ALF. Conclusions This body of literature indicates efficacy and safety of NAC in non-acetaminophen induced ALF. Given the presence of NAC on the EML, this medication is likely to be available across a range of resource settings; promulgating its use in this novel subset of ALF can provide healthcare professionals and patients with a valuable and safe complement to supportive care for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca N. Jerome
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Laura A. Zahn
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jessica J. Abner
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Meghan M. Joly
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jana K. Shirey-Rice
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - Gordon R. Bernard
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jill M. Pulley
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Nashville, TN, USA
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11
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Li Y, Wei C, Yan J, Li F, Chen B, Sun Y, Luo K, He B, Liang Y. The application of nanoparticles based on ferroptosis in cancer therapy. J Mater Chem B 2024; 12:413-435. [PMID: 38112639 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb02308g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a new form of non-apoptotic programmed cell death. Due to its effectiveness in cancer treatment, there are increasing studies on the application of nanoparticles based on ferroptosis in cancer therapy. In this paper, we present a summary of the latest progress in nanoparticles based on ferroptosis for effective tumor therapy. We also describe the combined treatment of ferroptosis with other therapies, including chemotherapy, radiotherapy, phototherapy, immunotherapy, and gene therapy. This summary of drug delivery systems based on ferroptosis aims to provide a basis and inspire opinions for researchers concentrating on exploring this field. Finally, we present some prospects and challenges for the application of nanotherapies to clinical treatment by promoting ferroptosis in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266073, China.
| | - Chen Wei
- Department of Pharmacy, Qingdao Women and Children's Hospital, Qingdao 266034, China
| | - Jianqin Yan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266073, China.
| | - Fashun Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266073, China.
| | - Bohan Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266073, China.
| | - Yong Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266073, China.
| | - Kui Luo
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Bin He
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Yan Liang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266073, China.
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12
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Zhao Y, Hu L, Hou Y, Wang Y, Peng Y, Nie X. Toxic effects of environmentally relevant concentrations of naproxen exposure on Daphnia magna including antioxidant system, development, and reproduction. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2024; 266:106794. [PMID: 38064890 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2023.106794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/02/2024]
Abstract
Naproxen (NPX) is one of common non-prescription non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) which is widely detected in aquatic environments worldwide due to its high usage and low degradation. NPX exerts anti-inflammatory and analgesic pharmacological effects through the inhibition of prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase (PTGS), also known as cyclooxygenase (COX). Given its evolutionarily relatively conserved biological functions, the potential toxic effects of NPX on non-target aquatic organisms deserve more attention. However, the ecotoxicological studies of NPX mainly focused on its acute toxic effects under higher concentrations while the chronic toxic effects under realistic concentrations exposure, especially for the underlying molecular mechanisms still remain unclear. In the present study, Daphnia magna, being widely distributed in freshwater aquatic environments, was selected to investigate the toxic effects of environmentally relevant concentrations of NPX via determining the response of the Nrf2/Keap1 signaling pathway-mediated antioxidant system in acute exposure, as well as the changes in life-history traits, such as growth, reproduction, and behavior in chronic exposure. The results showed that the short-term exposure to NPX (24 h and 48 h) suppressed ptgs2 expression while activating Nrf2/Keap1 signaling pathway and its downstream antioxidant genes (ho-1, sod, cat and trxr). However, with prolonged exposure to 96 h, the opposite performance was observed, the accumulation of malondialdehyde (MDA) indicated that D. magna suffered from severe oxidative stress. To maintain homeostasis, the exposed organism may trigger ferroptosis and apoptosis processes with the help of Silent mating type information regulation 2 homologs (SIRTs). The long-term chronic exposure to NPX (21 days) caused toxic effects on D. magna at the individual and population levels, including growth, reproduction and behavior, which may be closely related to the oxidative stress induced by the drug. The present study suggested that more attention should be paid to the ecological risk assessment of NSAIDs including NPX on aquatic non-target organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufei Zhao
- Department of Ecology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Limei Hu
- Department of Ecology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yingshi Hou
- Department of Ecology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yimeng Wang
- Department of Ecology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Ying Peng
- Research and Development Center for Watershed Environmental Eco-Engineering, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Xiangping Nie
- Department of Ecology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
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Yang J, Chen X, A L, Gao H, Zhao M, Ge L, Li M, Yang C, Gong Y, Gu Z, Xu H. Alleviation of Photoreceptor Degeneration Based on Fullerenols in rd1 Mice by Reversing Mitochondrial Dysfunction via Modulation of Mitochondrial DNA Transcription and Leakage. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2205998. [PMID: 37407519 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202205998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Poor therapeutic outcomes of antioxidants in ophthalmologic clinical applications, including glutathione during photoreceptor degeneration in retinitis pigmentosa (RP), are caused by limited anti-oxidative capacity. In this study, fullerenols are synthesized and proven to be highly efficient in vitro radical scavengers. Fullerenol-based intravitreal injections significantly improve the flash electroretinogram and light/dark transition tests performed for 28 days on rd1 mice, reduce the thinning of retinal outer nuclear layers, and preserve the Rhodopsin, Gnat-1, and Arrestin expressions of photoreceptors. RNA-sequencing, RT-qPCR, and Western blotting validate that mitochondrial DNA (mt-DNA)-encoded genes of the electron transport chain (ETC), such as mt-Nd4l, mt-Co1, mt-Cytb, and mt-Atp6, are drastically downregulated in the retinas of rd1 mice, whereas nuclear DNA (n-DNA)-encoded genes, such as Ndufa1 and Atp5g3, are abnormally upregulated. Fullerenols thoroughly reverse the abnormal mt-DNA and n-DNA expression patterns of the ETC and restore mitochondrial function in degenerating photoreceptors. Additionally, fullerenols simultaneously repress Flap endonuclease 1 (FEN1)-mediated mt-DNA cleavage and mt-DNA leakage via voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC) pores by downregulating the transcription of Fen1 and Vdac1, thereby inactivating the downstream pro-inflammatory cGAS-STING pathway. These findings demonstrate that fullerenols can effectively alleviate photoreceptor degeneration in rd1 mice and serve as a viable treatment for RP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junling Yang
- Southwest Eye Hospital, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
- Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration & Restoration of Chongqing, Southwest Eye Hospital, Southwest Hospital, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Xia Chen
- Southwest Eye Hospital, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
- Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration & Restoration of Chongqing, Southwest Eye Hospital, Southwest Hospital, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Luodan A
- Southwest Eye Hospital, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
- Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration & Restoration of Chongqing, Southwest Eye Hospital, Southwest Hospital, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Hui Gao
- Southwest Eye Hospital, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
- Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration & Restoration of Chongqing, Southwest Eye Hospital, Southwest Hospital, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Maoru Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Institute of High Energy Physics and National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Lingling Ge
- Southwest Eye Hospital, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
- Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration & Restoration of Chongqing, Southwest Eye Hospital, Southwest Hospital, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Minghui Li
- Southwest Eye Hospital, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
- Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration & Restoration of Chongqing, Southwest Eye Hospital, Southwest Hospital, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Cao Yang
- Southwest Eye Hospital, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
- Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration & Restoration of Chongqing, Southwest Eye Hospital, Southwest Hospital, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Yu Gong
- Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration & Restoration of Chongqing, Southwest Eye Hospital, Southwest Hospital, Chongqing, 400038, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Sciences Research Center, University-Town Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Zhanjun Gu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Institute of High Energy Physics and National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Haiwei Xu
- Southwest Eye Hospital, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
- Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration & Restoration of Chongqing, Southwest Eye Hospital, Southwest Hospital, Chongqing, 400038, China
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14
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Potęga A, Rafalska D, Kazimierczyk D, Kosno M, Pawłowicz A, Andrałojć W, Paluszkiewicz E, Laskowski T. In Vitro Enzyme Kinetics and NMR-Based Product Elucidation for Glutathione S-Conjugation of the Anticancer Unsymmetrical Bisacridine C-2028 in Liver Microsomes and Cytosol: Major Role of Glutathione S-Transferase M1-1 Isoenzyme. Molecules 2023; 28:6812. [PMID: 37836655 PMCID: PMC10574777 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28196812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
This work is the next step in studying the interplay between C-2028 (anticancer-active unsymmetrical bisacridine developed in our group) and the glutathione S-transferase/glutathione (GST/GSH) system. Here, we analyzed the concentration- and pH-dependent GSH conjugation of C-2028 in rat liver microsomes and cytosol. We also applied three recombinant human GST isoenzymes, which altered expression was found in various tumors. The formation of GSH S-conjugate of C-2028 in liver subfractions followed Michaelis-Menten kinetics. We found that C-2028 was conjugated with GSH preferentially by GSTM1-1, revealing a sigmoidal kinetic model. Using a colorimetric assay (MTT test), we initially assessed the cellular GST/GSH-dependent biotransformation of C-2028 in relation to cytotoxicity against Du-145 human prostate cancer cells in the presence or absence of the modulator of GSH biosynthesis. Pretreatment of cells with buthionine sulfoximine resulted in a cytotoxicity decrease, suggesting a possible GSH-mediated bioactivation process. Altogether, our results confirmed the importance of GSH conjugation in C-2028 metabolism, which humans must consider when planning a treatment strategy. Finally, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy elucidated the structure of the GSH-derived product of C-2028. Hence, synthesizing the compound standard necessary for further advanced biological and bioanalytical investigations will be achievable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Potęga
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gabriela Narutowicza Str. 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland; (D.R.); (D.K.); (M.K.); (E.P.); (T.L.)
| | - Dominika Rafalska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gabriela Narutowicza Str. 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland; (D.R.); (D.K.); (M.K.); (E.P.); (T.L.)
| | - Dawid Kazimierczyk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gabriela Narutowicza Str. 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland; (D.R.); (D.K.); (M.K.); (E.P.); (T.L.)
| | - Michał Kosno
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gabriela Narutowicza Str. 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland; (D.R.); (D.K.); (M.K.); (E.P.); (T.L.)
| | - Aleksandra Pawłowicz
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Zygmunta Noskowskiego Str. 12/14, 61-704 Poznań, Poland; (A.P.); (W.A.)
| | - Witold Andrałojć
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Zygmunta Noskowskiego Str. 12/14, 61-704 Poznań, Poland; (A.P.); (W.A.)
| | - Ewa Paluszkiewicz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gabriela Narutowicza Str. 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland; (D.R.); (D.K.); (M.K.); (E.P.); (T.L.)
| | - Tomasz Laskowski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gabriela Narutowicza Str. 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland; (D.R.); (D.K.); (M.K.); (E.P.); (T.L.)
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15
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Rathnayake K, Patel U, Hunt EC, Singh N. Fabrication of a Dual-Targeted Liposome-Coated Mesoporous Silica Core-Shell Nanoassembly for Targeted Cancer Therapy. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:34481-34498. [PMID: 37779923 PMCID: PMC10536893 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c02901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles have been suggested as drug-delivery systems for chemotherapeutic drugs to allow for controlled drug release profiles and selectivity to target cancer cells. In addition, nanoparticles can be used for the in situ generation and amplification of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which have been shown to be a promising strategy for cancer treatment. Thus, a targeted nanoscale drug-delivery platform could be used to synergistically improve cancer treatment by the action of chemotherapeutic drugs and ROS generation. Herein, we propose a promising chemotherapy strategy where the drug-loaded nanoparticles generate high doses of ROS together with the loaded ROS-generating chemotherapeutic drugs, which can damage the mitochondria and activate cell death, potentiating the therapeutic outcome in cancer therapy. In the present study, we have developed a dual-targeted drug-delivery nanoassembly consisting of a mesoporous silica core loaded with the chemotherapeutic, ROS-generating drug, paclitaxel (Px), and coated with a liposome layer for controlled drug release. Two different lung cancer-targeting ligands, folic acid and peptide GE11, were used to target the overexpressed nonsmall lung cancer receptors to create the final nanoassembly (MSN@Px) L-GF. Upon endocytosis by the cancer cells, the liposome layer was degraded by the intracellular lipases, and the drug was rapidly released at a rate of 65% within the first 20 h. In vitro studies confirmed that this nanoassembly was 8-fold more effective in cancer therapy compared to the free drug Px.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavini Rathnayake
- Department of Chemistry, The
University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, Alabama 35899, United States
| | - Unnati Patel
- Department of Chemistry, The
University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, Alabama 35899, United States
| | - Emily C. Hunt
- Department of Chemistry, The
University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, Alabama 35899, United States
| | - Nirupama Singh
- Department of Chemistry, The
University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, Alabama 35899, United States
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Di Giacomo C, Malfa GA, Tomasello B, Bianchi S, Acquaviva R. Natural Compounds and Glutathione: Beyond Mere Antioxidants. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1445. [PMID: 37507985 PMCID: PMC10376414 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12071445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The tripeptide glutathione plays important roles in many cell processes, including differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis; in fact, disorders in glutathione homeostasis are involved both in the etiology and in the progression of several human diseases, including cancer. Natural compounds have been found to modulate glutathione levels and function beyond their role as mere antioxidants. For example, certain compounds can upregulate the expression of glutathione-related enzymes, increase the availability of cysteine, the limiting amino acid for glutathione synthesis, or directly interact with glutathione and modulate its function. These compounds may have therapeutic potential in a variety of disease states where glutathione dysregulation is a contributing factor. On the other hand, flavonoids' potential to deplete glutathione levels could be significant for cancer treatment. Overall, while natural compounds may have potential therapeutic and/or preventive properties and may be able to increase glutathione levels, more research is needed to fully understand their mechanisms of action and their potential benefits for the prevention and treatment of several diseases. In this review, particular emphasis will be placed on phytochemical compounds belonging to the class of polyphenols, terpenoids, and glucosinolates that have an impact on glutathione-related processes, both in physiological and pathological conditions. These classes of secondary metabolites represent the most food-derived bioactive compounds that have been intensively explored and studied in the last few decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Di Giacomo
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
- Research Centre on Nutraceuticals and Health Products (CERNUT), University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Antonio Malfa
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
- Research Centre on Nutraceuticals and Health Products (CERNUT), University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Barbara Tomasello
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
- Research Centre on Nutraceuticals and Health Products (CERNUT), University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Simone Bianchi
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
- Research Centre on Nutraceuticals and Health Products (CERNUT), University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Rosaria Acquaviva
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
- Research Centre on Nutraceuticals and Health Products (CERNUT), University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
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Davidson EA, Chen Y, Singh S, Orlicky DJ, Thompson B, Wang Y, Charkoftaki G, Furnary TA, Cardone RL, Kibbey RG, Shearn CT, Nebert DW, Thompson DC, Vasiliou V. Endocrine pancreas-specific Gclc gene deletion causes a severe diabetes phenotype. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.06.13.544855. [PMID: 37398356 PMCID: PMC10312708 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.13.544855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Reduced glutathione (GSH) is an abundant antioxidant that regulates intracellular redox homeostasis by scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS). Glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic (GCLC) subunit is the rate-limiting step in GSH biosynthesis. Using the Pax6-Cre driver mouse line, we deleted expression of the Gclc gene in all pancreatic endocrine progenitor cells. Intriguingly, Gclc knockout (KO) mice, following weaning, exhibited an age-related, progressive diabetes phenotype, manifested as strikingly increased blood glucose and decreased plasma insulin levels. This severe diabetes trait is preceded by pathologic changes in islet of weanling mice. Gclc KO weanlings showed progressive abnormalities in pancreatic morphology including: islet-specific cellular vacuolization, decreased islet-cell mass, and alterations in islet hormone expression. Islets from newly-weaned mice displayed impaired glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, decreased insulin hormone gene expression, oxidative stress, and increased markers of cellular senescence. Our results suggest that GSH biosynthesis is essential for normal development of the mouse pancreatic islet, and that protection from oxidative stress-induced cellular senescence might prevent abnormal islet-cell damage during embryogenesis.
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Gayen T, Tripathi A, Kumari U, Mittal S, Mittal AK. Ecotoxicological impacts of environmentally relevant concentrations of aspirin in the liver of Labeo rohita: Biochemical and histopathological investigation. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 333:138921. [PMID: 37178937 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Aspirin is one of the emerging pharmaceutical contaminants in the aquatic environment and thus it could impart toxicity to non-target organisms including fish. The present study aims to investigate the biochemical and histopathological alterations in the liver of the fish, Labeo rohita exposed to environmentally relevant concentrations of aspirin (1, 10, and 100 μg/L) for 7, 14, 21, and 28 days. The biochemical investigation revealed a significant (p < 0.05) decrease in the activity of antioxidant enzymes such as catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase; and reduced glutathione content in a concentration and duration dependent manner. Further, the decrease in the activity of superoxide dismutase was in a dose dependent manner. The activity of glutathione-s-transferase, however, increased significantly (p < 0.05) in a dose dependent manner. The lipid peroxidation and total nitrate content showed a significant (p < 0.05) increase in a dose and duration dependent manner. The metabolic enzymes such as acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, and lactate dehydrogenase showed a significant (p < 0.05) increase in all three exposure concentrations and durations. The histopathological alterations in the liver such as vacuolization, hypertrophy of the hepatocytes, nuclear degenerative changes, and bile stagnosis increased in a dose and duration dependent manner. Hence, the present study concludes aspirin has a toxic impact on fish, which is evidenced by its profound effect on biochemical parameters and histopathological analysis. These can be employed as potential indicators of pharmaceutical toxicity in the field of environmental biomonitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuhina Gayen
- Fish Physiology Laboratory, Zoology Section, Mahila Mahavidyalaya, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221 005, India
| | - Anchal Tripathi
- Fish Physiology Laboratory, Zoology Section, Mahila Mahavidyalaya, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221 005, India
| | - Usha Kumari
- Fish Physiology Laboratory, Zoology Section, Mahila Mahavidyalaya, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221 005, India.
| | - Swati Mittal
- Skin Physiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221 005, India
| | - Ajay Kumar Mittal
- Skin Physiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221 005, India.
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Effect of Extracellular Matrix Stiffness on Candesartan Efficacy in Anti-Fibrosis and Antioxidation. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12030679. [PMID: 36978927 PMCID: PMC10044920 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12030679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Myocardial fibrosis progression and imbalanced redox state are closely associated with increased extracellular matrix (ECM) stiffness. Candesartan (CAN), an angiotensin II (Ang II) receptor inhibitor, has shown promising anti-fibrosis and antioxidant efficacy in previous cardiovascular disease studies. However, the effect of ECM stiffness on CAN efficacy remains elusive. In this study, we constructed rat models with three different degrees of myocardial fibrosis and treated them with CAN, and then characterized the stiffness, cardiac function, and NADPH oxidase-2 (NOX2) expression of the myocardial tissues. Based on the obtained stiffness of myocardial tissues, we used polyacrylamide (PA) gels with three different stiffness to mimic the ECM stiffness of cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) at the early, middle, and late stages of myocardial fibrosis as the cell culture substrates and then constructed CFs mechanical microenvironment models. We studied the effects of PA gel stiffness on the migration, proliferation, and activation of CFs without and with CAN treatment, and characterized the reactive oxygen species (ROS) and glutathione (GSH) levels of CFs using fluorometry and scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM). We found that CAN has the best amelioration efficacy in the cardiac function and NOX2 levels in rats with medium-stiffness myocardial tissue, and the most obvious anti-fibrosis and antioxidant efficacy in CFs on the medium-stiffness PA gels. Our work proves the effect of ECM stiffness on CAN efficacy in myocardial anti-fibrosis and antioxidants for the first time, and the results demonstrate that the effect of ECM stiffness on drug efficacy should also be considered in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
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20
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Redox Regulation and Metabolic Dependency of Zika Virus Replication: Inhibition by Nrf2-Antioxidant Response and NAD(H) Antimetabolites. J Virol 2023; 97:e0136322. [PMID: 36688653 PMCID: PMC9972919 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01363-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Viral infections alter host cell metabolism and homeostasis; however, the mechanisms that regulate these processes have only begun to be elucidated. We report here that Zika virus (ZIKV) infection activates the antioxidant nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), which precedes oxidative stress. Downregulation of Nrf2 or inhibition of glutathione (GSH) synthesis resulted in significantly increased viral replication. Interestingly, 6-amino-nicotinamide (6-AN), a nicotinamide analog commonly used as an inhibitor of the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), decreased viral replication by over 1,000-fold. This inhibition was neither recapitulated by the knockdown of PPP enzymes, glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), or 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGD), nor prevented by supplementation with ribose 5-phosphate. Instead, our metabolomics and metabolic phenotype studies support a mechanism in which 6-AN depletes cells of NAD(H) and impairs NAD(H)-dependent glycolytic steps resulting in inhibition of viral replication. The inhibitory effect of 6-AN was rescued with precursors of the salvage pathway but not with those of other NAD+ biosynthesis pathways. Inhibition of glycolysis reduced viral protein levels, which were recovered transiently. This transient recovery in viral protein synthesis was prevented when oxidative metabolism was inhibited by blockage of the mitochondrial pyruvate carrier, fatty acid oxidation, or glutaminolysis, demonstrating a compensatory role of mitochondrial metabolism in ZIKV replication. These results establish an antagonistic role for the host cell Nrf2/GSH/NADPH-dependent antioxidant response against ZIKV and demonstrate the dependency of ZIKV replication on NAD(H). Importantly, our work suggests the potential use of NAD(H) antimetabolite therapy against the viral infection. IMPORTANCE Zika virus (ZIKV) is a major public health concern of international proportions. While the incidence of ZIKV infections has declined substantially in recent years, the potential for the reemergence or reintroduction remains high. Although viral infection alters host cell metabolism and homeostasis to promote its replication, deciphering the mechanism(s) involved in these processes is important for identifying therapeutic targets. The present work reveals the complexities of host cell redox regulation and metabolic dependency of ZIKV replication. An antagonistic effect of the Nrf2/GSH/NADP(H)-dependent antioxidant response against ZIKV infection and an essential role of NAD(H) metabolism and glycolysis for viral replication are established for the first time. These findings highlight the potential use of NAD(H) antimetabolites to counter ZIKV infection and pathogenesis.
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21
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Glutathione system enhancement for cardiac protection: pharmacological options against oxidative stress and ferroptosis. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:131. [PMID: 36792890 PMCID: PMC9932120 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-05645-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
The glutathione (GSH) system is considered to be one of the most powerful endogenous antioxidant systems in the cardiovascular system due to its key contribution to detoxifying xenobiotics and scavenging overreactive oxygen species (ROS). Numerous investigations have suggested that disruption of the GSH system is a critical element in the pathogenesis of myocardial injury. Meanwhile, a newly proposed type of cell death, ferroptosis, has been demonstrated to be closely related to the GSH system, which affects the process and outcome of myocardial injury. Moreover, in facing various pathological challenges, the mammalian heart, which possesses high levels of mitochondria and weak antioxidant capacity, is susceptible to oxidant production and oxidative damage. Therefore, targeted enhancement of the GSH system along with prevention of ferroptosis in the myocardium is a promising therapeutic strategy. In this review, we first systematically describe the physiological functions and anabolism of the GSH system, as well as its effects on cardiac injury. Then, we discuss the relationship between the GSH system and ferroptosis in myocardial injury. Moreover, a comprehensive summary of the activation strategies of the GSH system is presented, where we mainly identify several promising herbal monomers, which may provide valuable guidelines for the exploration of new therapeutic approaches.
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22
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Mukherjee S, Gupta P, Ghosh S, Choudhury S, Das A, Ahir M, Adhikary A, Chattopadhyay S. Targeted tumor killing by pomegranate polyphenols: Pro-oxidant role of a classical antioxidant. J Nutr Biochem 2023; 115:109283. [PMID: 36791995 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2023.109283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
One of the key biochemical features that distinguish a cancer cell from normal cells is its persistent pro-oxidative state that leads to intrinsic oxidative stress. Malignant cells have evolved sophisticated adaptation systems that involve high dependency on antioxidant functions and upregulation of pro-survival molecules to counteract the deleterious effects of reactive species and to maintain dynamic redox balance. This situation renders them vulnerable to further oxidative challenges by exogenous agents. In the present study, we advocated that pomegranate polyphenols act as pro-oxidants and trigger ROS-mediated apoptosis in cancer cells. With the help of both in vitro and in vivo models, we have established that pomegranate fruit extract (PFE) can cause a significant reduction in tumor proliferation while leaving normal tissues and cells unharmed. Administration of PFE (0.2% v/v) in Erhlich's ascites carcinoma-bearing mice for 3 weeks, inhibited the nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2-antioxidant response element signaling cascade, increased intracellular reactive oxygen species content, altered glutathione cycle thereby activating reactive oxygen species-induced apoptotic pathway in Erhlich's ascites carcinoma cells. Moreover, PFE mitigated epithelial to mesenchymal transition and migration in triple negative breast cancer cells (MDA-MB 231 cells) by down-regulating nuclear factor kappa light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells. Pre-treatment of tumor cells with N-acetyl cysteine protected these cells from undergoing PFE-induced apoptosis while siRNA-mediated silencing of Nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 and nuclear factor kappa light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells in tumor cells increased the cytotoxic potential and pro-oxidative activity of PFE, indicating a clear role of these transcription factors in orchestrating the anticancer/pro-oxidative properties of PFE. The seminal findings provided may be exploited to develop potential therapeutic targets for selective killing of malignant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Payal Gupta
- Department of Physiology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
| | - Sayan Ghosh
- Department of Physiology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
| | | | - Ankur Das
- Department of Physiology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
| | - Manisha Ahir
- Centre for Research in Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
| | - Arghya Adhikary
- Centre for Research in Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
| | - Sreya Chattopadhyay
- Department of Physiology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India; Centre for Research in Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India.
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23
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Abbas G, Cui M, Wang D, Li M, Zhang XE. Construction of Genetically Encoded Biosensors to Monitor Subcellular Compartment-Specific Glutathione Response to Chemotherapeutic Drugs in Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells. Anal Chem 2023; 95:2838-2847. [PMID: 36701391 PMCID: PMC9909732 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c04255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Glutathione (GSH), the constituent of the redox buffer system, is a scavenger of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and its ratio to oxidized glutathione (GSSG) is a key indicator of oxidative stress in the cell. Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a highly aggressive hematopoietic malignancy characterized by aberrant levels of reduced and oxidized GSH due to oxidative stress. Therefore, the real-time, dynamic, and highly sensitive detection of GSH/GSSG in AML cells is of great interest for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of leukemia. The application of genetically encoded sensors to monitor GSH/GSSG levels in AML cells is not explored, and the underlying mechanism of how the drugs affect GSH/GSSG dynamics remains unclear. In this study, we developed subcellular compartment-specific sensors to monitor GSH/GSSG combined with high-resolution fluorescence microscopy that provides insights into basal GSH/GSSG levels in the cytosol, mitochondria, nucleus, and endoplasmic reticulum of AML cells, in a decreasing order, revealing substantial heterogeneity of GSH/GSSG level dynamics in different subcellular compartments. Further, we investigated the response of GSH/GSSG ratio in AML cells caused by Prussian blue and Fe3O4 nanoparticles, separately and in combination with cytarabine, pointing to steep gradients. Moreover, cytarabine and doxorubicin downregulated the GSH/GSSG levels in different subcellular compartments. Similarly, live-cell imaging showed a compartment-specific decrease in response to various drugs, such as CB-839, parthenolide (PTL), and piperlongumine (PLM). The enzymatic activity assay revealed the mechanism underlying fluctuations in GSH/GSSG levels in different subcellular compartments mediated by these drugs in the GSH metabolic pathway, suggesting some potential therapeutic targets in AML cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghulam Abbas
- National
Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute
of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China,University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Mengmeng Cui
- National
Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute
of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China,
| | - Dianbing Wang
- National
Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute
of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Min Li
- National
Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute
of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xian-En Zhang
- National
Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute
of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China,Faculty
of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute
of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China,University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China,
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24
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Ye S, Xiao H, Chen J, Zhang D, Qi L, Peng T, Gao Y, Zhang Q, Qu J, Wang L, Liu R. Copperphosphotungstate Doped Polyanilines Nanorods for GSH-Depletion Enhanced Chemodynamic/NIR-II Photothermal Synergistic Therapy. Int J Nanomedicine 2023; 18:1245-1257. [PMID: 36937549 PMCID: PMC10019345 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s399026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The high concentration of glutathione (GSH) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) levels within the tumor microenvironment (TME) are the major obstacle to induce the unsatisfactory anticancer treatment efficiency. The synergistic cancer therapy strategies of the combination the GSH depletion enhanced chemodynamic therapy (CDT) with photothermal therapy (PTT) have been proved to be the promising method to significantly improve the therapeutic efficacy. Methods The copperphosphotungstate was incorporated into polyanilines to design copperphosphotungstate doped polyaniline nanorods (CuPW@PANI Nanorods) via chemical oxidant polymerization of aniline. The low long-term toxicity and biocompatibility were evaluated. Both in vitro and in vivo experiments were carried out to confirm the GSH depletion enhanced CDT/NIR-II PTT synergistic therapy. Results CuPW@PANI Nanorods feature biosafety and biocompatibility, strong NIR-II absorbance, and high photothermal-conversion efficiency (45.14%) in NIR-II bio-window, making them highly applicable for photoacoustic imaging and NIR-II PTT. Moreover, CuPW@PANI Nanorods could consume endogenous GSH to disrupt redox homeostasis and perform a Fenton-like reaction with H2O2 to produce cytotoxic •OH for the enhanced CDT. Furthermore, NIR-II photothermal-induced local hyperthermia accelerates •OH generation to enhance CDT, which realizes high therapeutic efficacy in vivo. Conclusion This study provides a proof of concept of GSH-depletion augmented chemodynamic/NIR-II photothermal therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Ye
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Image Processing, School of Biomedical Engineering, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huichun Xiao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Image Processing, School of Biomedical Engineering, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jian Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Image Processing, School of Biomedical Engineering, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Di Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Image Processing, School of Biomedical Engineering, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Qi
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Image Processing, School of Biomedical Engineering, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ting Peng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanyang Gao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qianbing Zhang
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinqing Qu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Jinqing Qu; Ruiyuan Liu, Email ;
| | - Lei Wang
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Inorganic Nonmetallic Crystalline and Energy Conversion Materials, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ruiyuan Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Image Processing, School of Biomedical Engineering, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
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25
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Zhang Y, Chen S, Fan F, Xu N, Meng XL, Zhang Y, Lin JM. Neurotoxicity mechanism of aconitine in HT22 cells studied by microfluidic chip-mass spectrometry. J Pharm Anal 2023; 13:88-98. [PMID: 36820076 PMCID: PMC9937797 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2022.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Aconitine, a common and main toxic component of Aconitum, is toxic to the central nervous system. However, the mechanism of aconitine neurotoxicity is not yet clear. In this work, we had the hypothesis that excitatory amino acids can trigger excitotoxicity as a pointcut to explore the mechanism of neurotoxicity induced by aconitine. HT22 cells were simulated by aconitine and the changes of target cell metabolites were real-time online investigated based on a microfluidic chip-mass spectrometry system. Meanwhile, to confirm the metabolic mechanism of aconitine toxicity on HT22 cells, the levels of lactate dehydrogenase, intracellular Ca2+, reactive oxygen species, glutathione and superoxide dismutase, and ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 protein were detected by molecular biotechnology. Integration of the detected results revealed that neurotoxicity induced by aconitine was associated with the process of excitotoxicity caused by glutamic acid and aspartic acid, which was followed by the accumulation of lactic acid and reduction of glucose. The surge of extracellular glutamic acid could further lead to a series of cascade reactions including intracellular Ca2+ overload and oxidative stress, and eventually result in cell apoptosis. In general, we illustrated a new mechanism of aconitine neurotoxicity and presented a novel analysis strategy that real-time online monitoring of cell metabolites can provide a new approach to mechanism analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingrui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China,Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Shiyu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China,Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Fangfang Fan
- Ethnic Medicine Academic Heritage Innovation Research Center, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Ning Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Xian-Li Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Ethnic Medicine Academic Heritage Innovation Research Center, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China,Corresponding author.
| | - Jin-Ming Lin
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China,Corresponding author.
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26
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Surface-fill H 2S-releasing silk fibroin hydrogel for brain repair through the repression of neuronal pyroptosis. Acta Biomater 2022; 154:259-274. [PMID: 36402296 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) remains the major cause of disability and mortality worldwide due to the persistent neuroinflammation and neuronal death induced by TBI. Among them, pyroptosis, a specific type of programmed cell death (PCD) triggered by inflammatory signals, plays a significant part in the pathological process after TBI. Inhibition of neuroinflammation and pyroptosis is considered a possible strategy for the treatment of TBI. In our previous study, exogenous hydrogen sulfide(H2S) exerted a neuroprotective effect after TBI. Here, we developed a surface-fill H2S-releasing silk fibroin (SF) hydrogel (H2S@SF hydrogel) to achieve small-dose local administration and avoid volatile and toxic side effects. We used a controlled cortical impact (CCI) to establish a mild TBI model in mice to examine the effect of H2S@SF hydrogel on TBI-induced pyroptosis. We found that H2S@SF hydrogel inhibited the expression of H2S synthase in neurons after TBI and significantly inhibited TBI-induced neuronal pyroptosis. In addition, immunofluorescence staining results showed that the necroptosis protein receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 1 (RIPK1) partially colocalized with the pyroptosis protein Gasdermin D (GSDMD) in the same cells. H2S@SF hydrogel can also inhibit the expression of the necroptosis protein. Moreover, H2S@SF hydrogel also alleviates brain edema and the degree of neurodegeneration in the acute phase of TBI. The neuroprotective effect of H2S@SF hydrogel was further confirmed by wire-grip test, open field test, Morris water maze, beam balance test, radial arm maze, tail suspension, and forced swimming test. Lastly, we also measured spared tissue volume, reactive astrocytes and activated microglia to demonstrate H2S@SF hydrogel impacts on long-term prognosis in TBI. Our study provides a new theoretical basis for the treatment of H2S after TBI and the clinical application of H2S@SF hydrogel. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Silk fibroin (SF) hydrogel controls the release of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) to inhibit neuronal pyroptosis and neuroinflammation in injured brain tissue. In this study, we synthesized a surface-fill H2S-releasing silk fibroin hydrogel, which could slowly release H2S to reshape the homeostasis of endogenous H2S in injured neurons and inhibit neuronal pyroptosis in a mouse model of traumatic brain injury. Meanwhile, H2S@SF hydrogel could alleviate brain edema and the degree of neurodegeneration, improve motor dysfunction, anxious behavior and memory impairment caused by TBI, reduce tissue loss and ameliorate neuroinflammation. Our study provides a new theoretical basis for the treatment of H2S after TBI and the clinical application of H2S@SF hydrogel.
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27
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Agrawal S, Kumari R, Sophronea T, Kumari N, Luthra PM. Design and synthesis of benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl-methyl-4-(substituted)-piperazine-1-carbothioamide as novel neuronal nitric oxide inhibitors and evaluation of their neuroprotecting effect in 6-OHDA-induced unilateral lesioned rat model of Parkinson's disease. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 156:113838. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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28
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Wang S, Liu X, Lei L, Wang D, Liu Y. Selenium Deficiency Induces Apoptosis, Mitochondrial Dynamic Imbalance, and Inflammatory Responses in Calf Liver. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022; 200:4678-4689. [PMID: 35034264 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-021-03059-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Selenium (Se) deficiency significantly impacts the cow breeding industry by reducing the milk quality of dairy cows and affecting the health of calves. The molecular mechanism of Se deficiency-induced damage to calves, however, remains unclear. The present study investigated whether Se deficiency induces oxidative stress, apoptosis, and inflammation in calf liver tissues. We collected the liver tissues of calves with Se deficiency. Experimental results showed that Se deficiency weakened the activity of antioxidant enzymes and increased the accumulation of oxidation products in the liver. Se deficiency also led to excessive fission of the mitochondria and downregulated the expression of the Mfn2 and Opa1 genes in the calf liver. Mitochondrial damage-induced apoptosis by increasing the expression of pro-apoptotic genes such as CytC, Cas3, Cas9, fas, and Cas8, leading to a decrease in energy metabolism. Se deficiency also triggered the expression of inflammatory-related factors such as IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and NF-κB. Taken together, the results suggest that Se deficiency causes oxidative stress, triggers an inflammatory response, disrupts mitochondrial dynamic balance, and then induces apoptosis, eventually leading to calf liver damage. These findings might provide valuable clues for elucidating the mechanism of Se deficiency-induced injury in domestic animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingyao Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Lei
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China.
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China.
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29
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Xiao M, Zhou P, Wang Z, Xiao H, Chen X, Jiang R, Wang Y. Dynamic biological characteristics of human bone marrow hematopoietic stem cell senescence. Sci Rep 2022; 12:17071. [PMID: 36224224 PMCID: PMC9556752 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-21387-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells show biological manifestations of aging, diminished hematopoietic function and abnormal differentiation, which can lead to leukemia. It is therefore important to explore the mechanism underlying hematopoietic stem cell aging to develop strategies for delaying the process. Our evaluations revealed that the number of bone marrow hematopoietic cells (BMHCs) started to decrease significantly after 45 years of age, and the number of senescent BMHCs, as determined by senescence-associated beta-galactosidase staining, gradually increased with age. In addition, BMHCs from individuals over 45 years of age presented with notably reduced proliferative capacity, increased G1-phase cell cycle arrest, and significantly decreased generation of mixed colony forming units, which suggests that BMHCs enter senescence during middle age. Furthermore, we observed significantly lower antioxidant capacity and a significant increase in oxidative damage products, a gradual increase in the expression of senescence-associated proteins and genes, and a gradual decrease in the expression of cell cycle related proteins in BMHCs after middle age. Taken together, these findings offer both a theoretical and experimental basis for better understanding of the senescence progression of BMHCs and the optimal timing for anti-senescence drug interventions in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minhe Xiao
- grid.203458.80000 0000 8653 0555Department of Ophthalmology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401120 China ,grid.203458.80000 0000 8653 0555Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016 China
| | - Peng Zhou
- grid.203458.80000 0000 8653 0555Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016 China
| | - Ziling Wang
- grid.203458.80000 0000 8653 0555Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016 China
| | - Hanxianzhi Xiao
- grid.203458.80000 0000 8653 0555Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016 China
| | - Xiao Chen
- grid.203458.80000 0000 8653 0555Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016 China
| | - Rong Jiang
- grid.203458.80000 0000 8653 0555Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016 China
| | - Yaping Wang
- grid.203458.80000 0000 8653 0555Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016 China
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30
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Labarrere CA, Kassab GS. Glutathione deficiency in the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 infection and its effects upon the host immune response in severe COVID-19 disease. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:979719. [PMID: 36274722 PMCID: PMC9582773 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.979719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that causes coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) has numerous risk factors leading to severe disease with high mortality rate. Oxidative stress with excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that lower glutathione (GSH) levels seems to be a common pathway associated with the high COVID-19 mortality. GSH is a unique small but powerful molecule paramount for life. It sustains adequate redox cell signaling since a physiologic level of oxidative stress is fundamental for controlling life processes via redox signaling, but excessive oxidation causes cell and tissue damage. The water-soluble GSH tripeptide (γ-L-glutamyl-L-cysteinyl-glycine) is present in the cytoplasm of all cells. GSH is at 1–10 mM concentrations in all mammalian tissues (highest concentration in liver) as the most abundant non-protein thiol that protects against excessive oxidative stress. Oxidative stress also activates the Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1)-Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-antioxidant response element (ARE) redox regulator pathway, releasing Nrf2 to regulate the expression of genes that control antioxidant, inflammatory and immune system responses, facilitating GSH activity. GSH exists in the thiol-reduced and disulfide-oxidized (GSSG) forms. Reduced GSH is the prevailing form accounting for >98% of total GSH. The concentrations of GSH and GSSG and their molar ratio are indicators of the functionality of the cell and its alteration is related to various human pathological processes including COVID-19. Oxidative stress plays a prominent role in SARS-CoV-2 infection following recognition of the viral S-protein by angiotensin converting enzyme-2 receptor and pattern recognition receptors like toll-like receptors 2 and 4, and activation of transcription factors like nuclear factor kappa B, that subsequently activate nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase (NOX) expression succeeded by ROS production. GSH depletion may have a fundamental role in COVID-19 pathophysiology, host immune response and disease severity and mortality. Therapies enhancing GSH could become a cornerstone to reduce severity and fatal outcomes of COVID-19 disease and increasing GSH levels may prevent and subdue the disease. The life value of GSH makes for a paramount research field in biology and medicine and may be key against SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 disease.
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Wang X, Wang WX. Cell-Type-Dependent Dissolution of CuO Nanoparticles and Efflux of Cu Ions following Cellular Internalization. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:12404-12415. [PMID: 35946305 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c02575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
CuO nanoparticles (NPs) show promising applications in biosensors, waste treatment, and energy materials, but the growing manufacture of CuO NPs also leads to the concerns for their potential environmental and health risks. However, the cellular fates of CuO NPs such as Cu ion dissolution, transformation, and efflux remain largely speculative. In the present study, we for the first time combined the gold-core labeling and Cu ion bioimaging technologies to reveal the intracellular fates of CuO NPs in different cells following cellular internalization of NPs. We demonstrated that the dissolution rate of CuO NPs depended on the cell type. Following CuO dissolution, limited transformation of Cu(II) to Cu(I) occurred within the cellular microenvironment. Instead, Cu(II) was rapidly eliminated from the cells, and such rapid efflux in different cells was highly dependent on the GSH-mediated pathway and lysosome exocytosis. The labile Cu(I) level in the two cancerous cell lines was immediately regulated upon Cu exposure, which explained their tolerance to Au@CuO NPs. Overall, our study demonstrated a very rapid turnover of Cu in the cells following CuO internalization, which subsequently determined the cellular toxicity of CuO. The results will have important implications for assessing the health risk of CuO NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangrui Wang
- School of Energy and Environment and State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 519000, China
- Research Centre for the Oceans and Human Health, City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Wen-Xiong Wang
- School of Energy and Environment and State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 519000, China
- Research Centre for the Oceans and Human Health, City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China
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Morris G, Gevezova M, Sarafian V, Maes M. Redox regulation of the immune response. Cell Mol Immunol 2022; 19:1079-1101. [PMID: 36056148 PMCID: PMC9508259 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-022-00902-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractThe immune-inflammatory response is associated with increased nitro-oxidative stress. The aim of this mechanistic review is to examine: (a) the role of redox-sensitive transcription factors and enzymes, ROS/RNS production, and the activity of cellular antioxidants in the activation and performance of macrophages, dendritic cells, neutrophils, T-cells, B-cells, and natural killer cells; (b) the involvement of high-density lipoprotein (HDL), apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1), paraoxonase-1 (PON1), and oxidized phospholipids in regulating the immune response; and (c) the detrimental effects of hypernitrosylation and chronic nitro-oxidative stress on the immune response. The redox changes during immune-inflammatory responses are orchestrated by the actions of nuclear factor-κB, HIF1α, the mechanistic target of rapamycin, the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signaling pathway, mitogen-activated protein kinases, 5' AMP-activated protein kinase, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor. The performance and survival of individual immune cells is under redox control and depends on intracellular and extracellular levels of ROS/RNS. They are heavily influenced by cellular antioxidants including the glutathione and thioredoxin systems, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2, and the HDL/ApoA1/PON1 complex. Chronic nitro-oxidative stress and hypernitrosylation inhibit the activity of those antioxidant systems, the tricarboxylic acid cycle, mitochondrial functions, and the metabolism of immune cells. In conclusion, redox-associated mechanisms modulate metabolic reprogramming of immune cells, macrophage and T helper cell polarization, phagocytosis, production of pro- versus anti-inflammatory cytokines, immune training and tolerance, chemotaxis, pathogen sensing, antiviral and antibacterial effects, Toll-like receptor activity, and endotoxin tolerance.
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Sulodexide Increases Glutathione Synthesis and Causes Pro-Reducing Shift in Glutathione-Redox State in HUVECs Exposed to Oxygen–Glucose Deprivation: Implication for Protection of Endothelium against Ischemic Injury. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27175465. [PMID: 36080234 PMCID: PMC9457652 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27175465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Sulodexide (SDX), a purified glycosaminoglycan mixture used to treat vascular diseases, has been reported to exert endothelial protective effects against ischemic injury. However, the mechanisms underlying these effects remain to be fully elucidated. The emerging evidence indicated that a relatively high intracellular concentration of reduced glutathione (GSH) and a maintenance of the redox environment participate in the endothelial cell survival during ischemia. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to examine the hypothesis that SDX alleviates oxygen–glucose deprivation (OGD)-induced human umbilical endothelial cells’ (HUVECs) injury, which serves as the in vitro model of ischemia, by affecting the redox state of the GSH: glutathione disulfide (GSSG) pool. The cellular GSH, GSSG and total glutathione (tGSH) concentrations were measured by colorimetric method and the redox potential (ΔEh) of the GSSG/2GSH couple was calculated, using the Nernst equation. Furthermore, the levels of the glutamate–cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (GCLc) and the glutathione synthetase (GSS) proteins, a key enzyme for de novo GSH synthesis, were determined using enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA). We demonstrated that the SDX treatment in OGD conditions significantly elevated the intracellular GSH, enhanced the GSH:GSSG ratio, shifting the redox potential to a more pro-reducing status. Furthermore, SDX increased the levels of both GCLc and GSS. The results show that SDX protects the human endothelial cells against ischemic stress by affecting the GSH levels and cellular redox state. These changes suggest that the reduction in the ischemia-induced vascular endothelial cell injury through repressing apoptosis and oxidative stress associated with SDX treatment may be due to an increase in GSH synthesis and modulation of the GSH redox system.
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MESCİ S, YAZGAN B, GÜL M, YILDIRIM T. Effects of Sulfur Containing Glycine Imine Derivatives Compounds on Multidrug Resistance Proteins (MRPs) and Apoptosis Mechanism in MCF-7 and DLD-1 Cell Lines. BEZMIALEM SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.14235/bas.galenos.2021.6306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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Cui XY, Park SH, Park WH. Anti-Cancer Effects of Auranofin in Human Lung Cancer Cells by Increasing Intracellular ROS Levels and Depleting GSH Levels. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27165207. [PMID: 36014444 PMCID: PMC9412977 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27165207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Auranofin, as a thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) inhibitor, has promising anti-cancer activity in several cancer types. However, little is known about the inhibitory effect of auranofin on lung cancer cell growth. We, therefore, investigated the antigrowth effects of auranofin in various lung cancer cells with respect to cell death, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and glutathione (GSH) levels. Treatment with 0~5 µM auranofin decreased cell proliferation and induced cell death in Calu-6, A549, SK-LU-1, NCI-H460, and NCI-H1299 lung cancer cells at 24 h. In addition, 0~5 µM auranofin increased ROS levels, including O2•−, and depleted GSH levels in these cells. N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) prevented growth inhibition and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP, ∆Ψm) loss in 3 and 5 µM auranofin-treated Calu-6 and A549 cells at 24 h, respectively, and decreased ROS levels and GSH depletion in these cells. In contrast, L-buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) enhanced cell death, MMP (∆Ψm) loss, ROS levels, and GSH depletion in auranofin-treated Calu-6 and A549 cells. Treatment with 3 and 5 µM auranofin induced caspase-3 activation and poly (ADP ribose) polymerase (PARP) cleavage in Calu-6 and A549 cells, respectively. Both were prevented by NAC, but enhanced by BSO. Moreover, TrxR activity was reduced in auranofin-treated Calu-6 and A549 cells. That activity was decreased by BSO, but increased by NAC. In conclusion, these findings demonstrate that auranofin-induced cell death is closely related to oxidative stress resulted from increased ROS levels and GSH depletion in lung cancer cells.
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Exposure to Bisphenol A Caused Hepatoxicity and Intestinal Flora Disorder in Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23148042. [PMID: 35887390 PMCID: PMC9321671 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23148042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is a globally utilized industrial chemical and is commonly used as a monomer of polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resins. Recent research reveals that BPA could cause potential adverse biological effects and liver dysfunction. However, the underlying mechanisms of BPA-induced hepatoxicity and gut dysbiosis remain unclear and deserve further study. In this study, male Sprague Dawley rats were exposed to different doses (0, 30, 90, and 270 mg/kg bw) of BPA by gavage for 30 days. The results showed that the high dose of BPA decreased superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), and increased malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. Moreover, a high dose of BPA caused a significant increase in serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total cholesterol (TC), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), while high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) was significantly decreased in BPA-treated rats. The gene expression of PGC-1α and Nrf1 were decreased in the liver of high doses of BPA-administrated rats, as well as the protein levels of SIRT1, PGC-1α, Nrf2, and TFAM. However, the protein expression of IL-1β was significantly increased in BPA-treated rats. In addition, BPA weakened the mitochondrial function of hepatocytes and promoted cell apoptosis in the liver by up-regulating the protein levels of Bax, cleaved-Caspase3, and cleaved-PARP1 while down-regulating the Bcl-2 in the liver. More importantly, a high dose of BPA caused a dramatic change in microbiota structure, as characterized at the genus level by increasing the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes (F/B), and the relative abundance of Proteobacteria in feces, while decreasing the relative abundance of Prevotella_9 and Ruminococcaceae_UCG-014, which is positively correlated with the content of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). In summary, our data indicated that BPA exposure caused hepatoxicity through apoptosis and the SIRT1/PGC-1α pathway. BPA-induced intestinal flora and SCFA changes may be associated with hepatic damage. The results of this study provide a new sight for the understanding of BPA-induced hepatoxicity.
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How Aging and Oxidative Stress Influence the Cytopathic and Inflammatory Effects of SARS-CoV-2 Infection: The Role of Cellular Glutathione and Cysteine Metabolism. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11071366. [PMID: 35883857 PMCID: PMC9311797 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11071366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 infection can cause a severe respiratory distress syndrome with inflammatory and thrombotic complications, the severity of which increases with patients’ age and presence of comorbidity. The reasons for an age-dependent increase in the risk of severe COVID-19 could be many. These include defects in the homeostatic processes that control the cellular redox and its pivotal role in sustaining the immuno-inflammatory response to the host and the protection against oxidative stress and tissue degeneration. Pathogens may take advantage of such age-dependent abnormalities. Alterations of the thiol redox balance in the lung tissue and lining fluids may influence the risk of infection, and the host capability to respond to pathogens and to avoid severe complications. SARS-CoV-2, likewise other viruses, such as HIV, influenza, and HSV, benefits in its replication cycle of pro-oxidant conditions that the same viral infection seems to induce in the host cell with mechanisms that remain poorly understood. We recently demonstrated that the pro-oxidant effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection are associated with changes in the cellular metabolism and transmembrane fluxes of Cys and GSH. These appear to be the consequence of an increased use of Cys in viral protein synthesis and to ER stress pathway activation that interfere with transcription factors, as Nrf2 and NFkB, important to coordinate the metabolism of GSH with other aspects of the stress response and with the pro-inflammatory effects of this virus in the host cell. This narrative review article describes these cellular and molecular aspects of SARS-CoV-2 infection, and the role that antivirals and cytoprotective agents such as N-acetyl cysteine may have to limit the cytopathic effects of this virus and to recover tissue homeostasis after infection.
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Beltrán-García J, Osca-Verdegal R, Pérez-Cremades D, Novella S, Hermenegildo C, Pallardó FV, García-Giménez JL. Extracellular Histones Activate Endothelial NLRP3 Inflammasome and are Associated with a Severe Sepsis Phenotype. J Inflamm Res 2022; 15:4217-4238. [PMID: 35915852 PMCID: PMC9338392 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s363693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Beltrán-García
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina y Odontología, Universitat de València, València, Spain
| | - Rebeca Osca-Verdegal
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina y Odontología, Universitat de València, València, Spain
| | - Daniel Pérez-Cremades
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina y Odontología, Universitat de València, València, Spain
| | - Susana Novella
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina y Odontología, Universitat de València, València, Spain
| | - Carlos Hermenegildo
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina y Odontología, Universitat de València, València, Spain
| | - Federico V Pallardó
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina y Odontología, Universitat de València, València, Spain
| | - José Luis García-Giménez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina y Odontología, Universitat de València, València, Spain
- Correspondence: José Luis García-Giménez, Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina y Odontología, Universitat de València, València, 46010, Spain, Tel +34 963 864 646, Email
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Selenium Effects on Oxidative Stress-Induced Calcium Signaling Pathways in Parkinson’s Disease. Indian J Clin Biochem 2022; 37:257-266. [DOI: 10.1007/s12291-022-01031-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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A Mixture of Endocrine Disruptors and the Pesticide Roundup ® Induce Oxidative Stress in Rabbit Liver When Administered under the Long-Term Low-Dose Regimen: Reinforcing the Notion of Real-Life Risk Simulation. TOXICS 2022; 10:toxics10040190. [PMID: 35448451 PMCID: PMC9029199 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10040190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Humans are exposed to xenobiotic mixtures daily through the long-term, low-dose regimen. Investigations designed to simulate this exposure profile approach the real-life risk simulation (RLRS) idea of modern toxicology. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of 12-month exposure of New Zealand rabbits to a xenobiotic mixture comprising seven endocrine disruptors (EDs), which are chemical substances raising great concerns for human health, as well as the herbicide glyphosate, and its commercial formulation Roundup®, on blood and tissues redox status. It is reported herein that at the systemic level, the administration of the EDs mixture induced perturbations of blood redox homeostasis at 3 months, whereas at 6 and 12 months, it activated redox adaptations. Contrariwise, exposure to glyphosate and Roundup®, individually, caused mainly disturbances of blood redox equilibrium. At the tissue level, particularly in the liver, the administration of both the EDs mixture and Roundup® induced oxidative stress, whereas glyphosate did not affect it. The RLRS notion appears to be confirmed through these findings. Indeed, the administration of the EDs mixture and Roundup®, under the long-term, low-dose regimen, elicited detrimental effects on the redox status of the liver, a crucial tissue with a valuable biological role in the detoxification of organisms from xenobiotics.
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Valle MMR, Vilas-Boas EA, Lucena CF, Teixeira SA, Muscara MN, Carpinelli AR. Metformin disrupts insulin secretion, causes proapoptotic and oxidative effects in rat pancreatic beta-cells in vitro. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2022; 36:e23007. [PMID: 35199402 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Metformin is the first-line drug to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus. Its mechanism of action is still debatable, and recent studies report that metformin attenuates oxidative stress. This study evaluated the in vitro antioxidant effects of a broad range of metformin concentrations on insulin-producing cells. The cell cycle, metabolism, glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, and cell death were evaluated to determine the biguanide effects on beta-cell function and survival. Antioxidant potential was based on reactive oxygen species (ROS), reduced glutathione (GSH), oxidative stress biomarker levels, and antioxidant enzyme and transcriptional factor Nrf2 activities. The results demonstrate that metformin disrupted GSIS in a concentration-dependent manner, lowered insulin content, and attenuated beta-cell metabolism. At high concentrations, metformin induced cell death and cell cycle arrest as well as increased ROS generation, consequently reducing GSH content. Although carbonylated protein content was elevated, indicating oxidative stress, the antioxidant enzyme and Nrf2 activities were not altered. In conclusion, our results show that metformin disrupts pancreatic beta-cell functionality but does not exert a putative antioxidant effect. It is important to note that the drug could potentially affect beta-cells, especially at high circulating levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maíra M R Valle
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Physiology, Division of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil
| | - Eloisa Aparecida Vilas-Boas
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Physiology, Division of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil
| | - Camila F Lucena
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Physiology, Division of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil
| | - Simone A Teixeira
- Department of Physiology, Division of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil.,Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcelo N Muscara
- Department of Physiology, Division of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil.,Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Angelo R Carpinelli
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Physiology, Division of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil
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Miconazole Mitigates Acetic Acid-Induced Experimental Colitis in Rats: Insight into Inflammation, Oxidative Stress and Keap1/Nrf-2 Signaling Crosstalk. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11020303. [PMID: 35205169 PMCID: PMC8869207 DOI: 10.3390/biology11020303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is the most common type of inflammatory bowel disease, characterized by oxidative stress and elevated pro-inflammatory cytokines. Miconazole is an azole antifungal that stimulates the expression of antioxidant enzymes via Nrf2 activation, which consequently inhibits ROS formation and NF-κB activation. Hence, the present study aimed to investigate the protective effect of miconazole, sulfasalazine (as a reference drug) and their combination on acetic acid (AA)-induced UC in a rat model which was induced by intra-rectal administration of 4% AA. Rats were pretreated with miconazole (20 and 40 mg/kg, orally) or sulfasalazine (100 mg/kg, orally), or their combination (20 mg/kg miconazole and 50 mg/Kg of sulfasalazine, orally). Pretreatment with miconazole significantly reduced wet colon weight and macroscopic scores, accompanied by a significant amelioration of the colonic architecture disorder. Moreover, the treatment also significantly decreased the malondialdehyde (MDA) level and prevented the depletion of superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and GSH content in inflamed colons. Additionally, the treatment showed suppressive activities on pro-inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and C-reactive protein (CRP), and upregulated the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 (IL-10). Moreover, the treatment upregulated the protein levels of Nrf-2 and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in the colon tissue. Taken together, miconazole is effective in alleviating AA-induced colitis in rats, and the mechanism of its action is associated with the activation of Nrf2-regulated cytoprotective protein expression.
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Dwivedi S, D'Souza LC, Shetty NG, Raghu SV, Sharma A. Hsp27, a potential EcR target, protects nonylphenol-induced cellular and organismal toxicity in Drosophila melanogaster. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 293:118484. [PMID: 34774861 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Deciphering the potential mechanism of chemical-induced toxicity enables us to alleviate the cellular and organismal dysfunction. The environmental presence of nonylphenol (endocrine disruptor) has a major health concern due to its widespread usage in our day-to-day life. The current study establishes a novel functional link among nonylphenol-induced oxidative stress, Heat shock protein 27 (Hsp27, member of stress protein family), and Ecdysone receptor (EcR, a nuclear receptor), which eventually coordinates the nonylphenol-induced sub-cellular and organismal level toxicity in a genetically tractable model Drosophila melanogaster. Drosophila larvae exposed to nonylphenol (0.05, 0.5 and 5.0 μg/mL) showed a significant decrease in Hsp27 and EcR mRNA levels in the midgut. In concurrence, reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were increased with a corresponding decline in glutathione (GSH) level and Thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) activity. Increased lipid peroxidation (LPO), protein carbonyl (PC) contents, and cell death were also observed in a correlation with the nonylphenol concentrations. Sub-cellular toxicity poses a negative organismal response, which was evident by delayed larval development and reduced Drosophila emergence. Subsequently, a positive genetic correlation (p < 0.001) between EcR and Hsp27 revealed that nonylphenol-dependent EcR reduction is a possible link for the downregulation of Hsp27. Further, Hsp27 overexpression in midgut cells showed a reduction in nonylphenol-induced intracellular ROS, LPO, PC content, and cell death through the TrxR mediated regenerative pathway and reduced GSH level improving the organismal response to the nonylphenol exposure. Altogether, the study elucidates the potential EcR-Hsp27 molecular interactions in mitigating the nonylphenol-induced cellular and organismal toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiwangi Dwivedi
- Nitte (Deemed to Be University), Nitte University Centre for Science Education and Research (NUCSER), Division of Environmental Health and Toxicology, Kotekar-Beeri Road, Deralakatte, Mangaluru, 575018, India
| | - Leonard Clinton D'Souza
- Nitte (Deemed to Be University), Nitte University Centre for Science Education and Research (NUCSER), Division of Environmental Health and Toxicology, Kotekar-Beeri Road, Deralakatte, Mangaluru, 575018, India
| | - Nidhi Ganesh Shetty
- Nitte (Deemed to Be University), Nitte University Centre for Science Education and Research (NUCSER), Division of Environmental Health and Toxicology, Kotekar-Beeri Road, Deralakatte, Mangaluru, 575018, India; Nitte (Deemed to Be University), Nitte University Centre for Science Education and Research (NUCSER), Division of Molecular Genetics and Cancer, Kotekar-Beeri Road, Deralakatte, Mangaluru, 575018, India
| | - Shamprasad Varija Raghu
- Neurogenetics Lab, Department of Applied Zoology, Mangalore University, Mangalagangothri, Karnataka, 574199, India
| | - Anurag Sharma
- Nitte (Deemed to Be University), Nitte University Centre for Science Education and Research (NUCSER), Division of Environmental Health and Toxicology, Kotekar-Beeri Road, Deralakatte, Mangaluru, 575018, India.
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Zhang T, Tsutsuki H, Li X, Sawa T. New insights into the regulatory roles of glutathione in NLRP3-inflammasome-mediated immune and inflammatory responses. J Biochem 2022; 171:367-377. [PMID: 34981119 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvab158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutathione (GSH) is the most abundant non-protein thiol (-SH) in mammalian cells. Its synthesis and metabolism serve to maintain cellular reduction-oxidation (redox) homeostasis, which is important for multiple cellular processes including proliferation, differentiation, and death. An accumulating body of evidence suggests that the essential roles of GSH extended far beyond its oxidant and electrophile scavenger activities and regulatory role in the lifespan of cells. Recent findings revealed that altered GSH levels are closely associated with a wide range of pathologies including bacterial and viral infections, neurodegenerative diseases, and autoimmune disorders, all of which are also characterized by aberrant activation of the NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome. As a result of these findings, GSH was assigned a central role in influencing the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. To expand on our recent advances in understanding this process, we discuss here the emerging roles of GSH in activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, and the therapeutic potential of GSH in its associated pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianli Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-Ku, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Tsutsuki
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-Ku, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Xiaoyan Li
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-Ku, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Sawa
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-Ku, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
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Organophosphorus pesticides exhibit compound specific effects in rat precision-cut lung slices (PCLS): mechanisms involved in airway response, cytotoxicity, inflammatory activation and antioxidative defense. Arch Toxicol 2021; 96:321-334. [PMID: 34778934 PMCID: PMC8748323 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-021-03186-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Organophosphorus compound pesticides (OP) are widely used in pest control and might be misused for terrorist attacks. Although acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition is the predominant toxic mechanism, OP may induce pneumonia and formation of lung edema after poisoning and during clinical treatment as life-threatening complication. To investigate the underlying mechanisms, rat precision-cut lung slices (PCLS) were exposed to the OP parathion, malathion and their biotransformation products paraoxon and malaoxon (100–2000 µmol/L). Airway response, metabolic activity, release of LDH, cytokine expression and oxidative stress response were analyzed. A concentration-dependent inhibition of airway relaxation was observed after exposure with the oxon but not with the thion-OP. In contrast, cytotoxic effects were observed for both forms in higher concentrations. Increased cytokine expression was observed after exposure to parathion and paraoxon (IL-6, GM-CSF, MIP-1α) and IL-6 expression was dependent on NFκB activation. Intracellular GSH levels were significantly reduced by all four tested OP but an increase in GSSG and HO-1 expression was predominantly observed after malaoxon exposure. Pretreatment with the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine reduced malaoxon but not paraoxon-induced cytotoxicity. PCLS as a 3D lung model system revealed OP-induced effects depending on the particular OP. The experimental data of this study contribute to a better understanding of OP toxicity on cellular targets and may be a possible explanation for the variety of clinical outcomes induced by different OP.
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Nagasaki T, Schuyler AJ, Zhao J, Samovich SN, Yamada K, Deng Y, Ginebaugh SP, Christenson SA, Woodruff PG, Fahy JV, Trudeau JB, Stoyanovsky D, Ray A, Tyurina YY, Kagan VE, Wenzel SE. 15LO1 dictates glutathione redox changes in asthmatic airway epithelium to worsen type-2 inflammation. J Clin Invest 2021; 132:151685. [PMID: 34762602 PMCID: PMC8718153 DOI: 10.1172/jci151685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Altered redox biology challenges all cells, with compensatory responses often determining a cell’s fate. When 15 lipoxygenase 1 (15LO1), a lipid-peroxidizing enzyme abundant in asthmatic human airway epithelial cells (HAECs), binds phosphatidylethanolamine-binding protein 1 (PEBP1), hydroperoxy-phospholipids, which drive ferroptotic cell death, are generated. Peroxidases, including glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), metabolize hydroperoxy-phospholipids to hydroxy derivatives to prevent ferroptotic death, but consume reduced glutathione (GSH). The cystine transporter SLC7A11 critically restores/maintains intracellular GSH. We hypothesized that high 15LO1, PEBP1, and GPX4 activity drives abnormal asthmatic redox biology, evidenced by lower bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid and intraepithelial cell GSH:oxidized GSH (GSSG) ratios, to enhance type 2 (T2) inflammatory responses. GSH, GSSG (enzymatic assays), 15LO1, GPX4, SLC7A11, and T2 biomarkers (Western blot and RNA-Seq) were measured in asthmatic and healthy control (HC) cells and fluids, with siRNA knockdown as appropriate. GSSG was higher and GSH:GSSG lower in asthmatic compared with HC BAL fluid, while intracellular GSH was lower in asthma. In vitro, a T2 cytokine (IL-13) induced 15LO1 generation of hydroperoxy-phospholipids, which lowered intracellular GSH and increased extracellular GSSG. Lowering GSH further by inhibiting SLC7A11 enhanced T2 inflammatory protein expression and ferroptosis. Ex vivo, redox imbalances corresponded to 15LO1 and SLC7A11 expression, T2 biomarkers, and worsened clinical outcomes. Thus, 15LO1 pathway–induced redox biology perturbations worsen T2 inflammation and asthma control, supporting 15LO1 as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadao Nagasaki
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Alexander J Schuyler
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, United States of America
| | - Jinming Zhao
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, United States of America
| | - Svetlana N Samovich
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, United States of America
| | - Kazuhiro Yamada
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, United States of America
| | - Yanhan Deng
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, United States of America
| | - Scott P Ginebaugh
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, United States of America
| | - Stephanie A Christenson
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States of America
| | - Prescott G Woodruff
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States of America
| | - John V Fahy
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States of America
| | - John B Trudeau
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, United States of America
| | - Detcho Stoyanovsky
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, United States of America
| | - Anuradha Ray
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Asthma and Environmental Lung Health Institute, Pittsburgh, United States of America
| | - Yulia Y Tyurina
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, United States of America
| | - Valerian E Kagan
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh Asthma and Environmental Lung Health Institute, Pittsburgh, United States of America
| | - Sally E Wenzel
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Asthma Institute at UPMC, Pittsburgh, United States of America
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Al-Rasheedi KA, Alqasoumi AA, Emara AM. Effect of inhaled anaesthetics gases on cytokines and oxidative stress alterations for the staff health status in hospitals. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2021; 94:1953-1962. [PMID: 33959815 PMCID: PMC8490262 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-021-01705-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of waste anaesthetic gases on cytokines and oxidative stress of hospital health team members following exposure to waste anaesthetic gases (WAGs). SUBJECTS AND METHODS In total, 180 participants took part in this study; 60 of these were healthy male controls and the 120 participants in the intervention group were staff who work in the operating room. This latter group comprises six occupational subgroups (1) surgeons, (2) surgical assistants, (3) anaesthesiologists (4) anaesthesiology assistants, (5) nurses and (6) janitors. The following parameters were assessed: catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSHpx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities, plasma fluoride, serum interferon gamma (IFN-γ), serum interleukin 2 (IL2), serum interleukin 4 (IL4) and plasma thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS). RESULTS Anaesthesiologists and their assistants exhibited the highest levels of plasma fluoride, serum IFN-γ and IL 2, exceeding the levels in detected in all the other occupational subgroups. Furthermore, the serum levels of IL4 were significantly raised in anaesthesiologists and the difference between this group and other groups was statistically significant. However, compared with the other subgroups, surgeons exhibited elevated plasma TBARS and reduced CAT, GSHpx and SOD; these variances were also statistically significant. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS The findings of this study indicate that operating room staff exposed to WAGs are vulnerable to experiencing immunotoxicity as the WAGs are considered to initiate oxidative stress and increase the levels of cytokines in serum. Thus, an education programme is warranted to inform staff working in environments where they may be subjected to WAGs on the effects that the gases can have upon their health and how to minimise their exposure to WAGs. An ongoing effort is also needed to ensure anaesthesia safety standards are maintained at all times. The findings of this study may provide a springboard for future research into occupational exposure to WAGs and their wider effect upon health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled A Al-Rasheedi
- Khyber General Hospital, Ministry of Health, Khyber, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Qassim, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulmajeed A Alqasoumi
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Qassim, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ashraf M Emara
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraidah, Qassim, Saudi Arabia.
- Department of Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt.
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Ojo AF, Xia Q, Peng C, Ng JC. Evaluation of the individual and combined toxicity of perfluoroalkyl substances to human liver cells using biomarkers of oxidative stress. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 281:130808. [PMID: 34022600 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Although human exposure is to mixtures of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), their combined effects and underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. In this study, the combined effects of PFAS was investigated by treating human liver cells (HepG2) with various concentrations of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA), perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), and perfluorohexanoic acid (PFHxS) individually or in binary combinations (PFOS + PFOA, PFOS + PFDA, PFOS + PFNA, PFOS + PFHxS, PFOA + PFDA, PFOA + PFNA, and PFOA + PFHxS) for 24 h using an orthogonal design. The individual and binary combination effects of PFAS on the cytotoxicity, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and glutathione (GSH) levels were determined by MTS assay, dichlorofluorescein diacetate assay, and GSH-Glo™ Glutathione assay, respectively. The results showed that exposure to PFOA, PFOS, PFDA, PFNA, and PFHxS individually and in binary combinations caused concentration-dependent cytotoxicity to HepG2 cells. Also, intracellular ROS production was not significantly induced in both the individual and co-treatment groups, indicating that ROS production may not be likely influencing the combined cytotoxicity of PFAS to HepG2 cells. However, the depletion of the intracellular glutathione levels was correlated with cytotoxicity. Moreover, the factorial analysis results showed no significant interactive effects between PFOS + PFOA, PFOS + PFDA, PFOS + PFNA, PFOS + PFHxS, PFOA + PFDA, PFOA + PFNA, and PFOA + PFHxS. Taken together, the results showed that both individual and combined PFAS could induce concentration-dependent cytotoxicity and depletion of GSH levels, but could not induce significant increases in ROS production at the concentration range tested. Overall, these results provided valuable toxicological data on the combined effects of mixed PFAS that may help to better assess their human health risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atinuke F Ojo
- The University of Queensland, Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), 20 Cornwall Street, Woolloongabba, QLD, 4102, Australia
| | - Qing Xia
- The University of Queensland, Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), 20 Cornwall Street, Woolloongabba, QLD, 4102, Australia
| | - Cheng Peng
- The University of Queensland, Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), 20 Cornwall Street, Woolloongabba, QLD, 4102, Australia
| | - Jack C Ng
- The University of Queensland, Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), 20 Cornwall Street, Woolloongabba, QLD, 4102, Australia.
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Zhang L, Yang F, Li Y, Cao H, Huang A, Zhuang Y, Zhang C, Hu G, Mao Y, Luo J, Xing C. The protection of selenium against cadmium-induced mitophagy via modulating nuclear xenobiotic receptors response and oxidative stress in the liver of rabbits. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 285:117301. [PMID: 34049137 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a harmful heavy metal that can cause many health problems, while selenium (Se) is an essential nutrient for organisms that can protect them from heavy metal-induced damage. To explore the effects of Se on Cd-induced mitophagy in the liver, forty 3-month-old New Zealand white rabbits (2-2.5 kg), half male and half female, were randomly divided into four groups: the Control group, the Se (0.5 mg/kg body weight (BW)) group, the Cd (1 mg/kg BW) group and the Se+Cd group. After 30 days, the toxicity from Cd in the liver was assessed in terms of the nuclear xenobiotic receptor (NXR) response, oxidative stress and mitophagy. It was found that Cd decreased the activities of CYP450 enzymes and antioxidant enzymes and increased the contents of malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and also increased the consumption of reduced glutathione (GSH). Moreover, the mRNA levels of NXRs (CAR, PXR, AHR and Nrf2), some mitochondrial function factors (PGC-1α, Sirt1, Sirt3, Nrf1 and TFAM) and mitochondrial fusion factors (Mfn1, Mfn2 and OPA1) were downregulated, but the mRNA levels of other mitochondrial function factors (VDAC1, Cyt C and PRDX3), mitochondrial fission factors (Fis1 and MFF) and those in the PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy pathway (p62, Bnip3 and LC3) were upregulated under Cd exposure. The protein expression levels of Nrf2, SOD2, PGC-1α, PINK1 and Parkin were consistent with the mRNA expression levels in the Cd group. Se alleviated the changes in the abovementioned factors induced by Cd. In conclusion, the results indicate that Cd can cause oxidative stress in rabbit livers by inhibiting NXRs and the antioxidation response leading to mitophagy, and these harmful changes caused by Cd can be alleviated by Se.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linwei Zhang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, No. 1101 Zhimin Avenue, Economic and Technological Development District, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Fan Yang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, No. 1101 Zhimin Avenue, Economic and Technological Development District, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Yong Li
- Jiangxi Province Institute of Veterinary Drug and Feed Control, Nanchang, 330029, PR China
| | - Huabin Cao
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, No. 1101 Zhimin Avenue, Economic and Technological Development District, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi, PR China.
| | - Aimin Huang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, No. 1101 Zhimin Avenue, Economic and Technological Development District, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Yu Zhuang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, No. 1101 Zhimin Avenue, Economic and Technological Development District, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Caiying Zhang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, No. 1101 Zhimin Avenue, Economic and Technological Development District, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Guoliang Hu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, No. 1101 Zhimin Avenue, Economic and Technological Development District, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Yaqing Mao
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, No. 1101 Zhimin Avenue, Economic and Technological Development District, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Junrong Luo
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, No. 1101 Zhimin Avenue, Economic and Technological Development District, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Chenghong Xing
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, No. 1101 Zhimin Avenue, Economic and Technological Development District, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi, PR China
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Zhang C, Wang X, Nie G, Wei Z, Pi S, Wang C, Yang F, Hu R, Xing C, Hu G. In vivo assessment of molybdenum and cadmium co-induce nephrotoxicity via NLRP3/Caspase-1-mediated pyroptosis in ducks. J Inorg Biochem 2021; 224:111584. [PMID: 34479002 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2021.111584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Excessive molybdenum (Mo) and cadmium (Cd) cause toxic effects on animals, but their joint effects on pyroptosis in kidney of ducks remain unclear. 160 healthy 7-day-old ducks were randomly divided into four groups which were fed with basal diet containing different dosages of Mo or/and Cd for 16 weeks. On the 4th, 8th, 12th and 16th weeks, kidney tissue and serum were collected. The results showed that Mo or/and Cd could significantly elevate their contents in kidney, disturb the homeostasis of trace elements, cause renal function impairment and histological abnormality, and oxidative stress as accompanied by increasing hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations and decreasing glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), catalase (CAT) and total-superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) activities. Simultaneously, Mo or/and Cd could markedly increase interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-18 (IL-18) contents and the expression levels of pyroptosis-related genes (NOD-like receptor protein-3 (NLRP3), Caspase-1, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein (ASC), NIMA-related kinase 7 (NEK7), Gasdermin A (GSDMA), Gasdermin E (GSDME), IL-1β and IL-18) and proteins (NLRP3, Caspase-1 p20, ASC and Gasdermin D (GSDMD)). Moreover, the changes of above these indicators were more obvious in combined group. Taken together, the results illustrate that Mo and Cd might synergistically lead to oxidative stress and induce pyroptosis via NLRP3/Caspase-1 pathway, whose mechanism is somehow related to Mo and Cd accumulation in duck kidneys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caiying Zhang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xueru Wang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Gaohui Nie
- School of Information Technology, Jiangxi University of Finance and Economics, No. 665 Yuping West street, Economic and Technological Development District, Nanchang 330032, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Zejing Wei
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Shaoxing Pi
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Chang Wang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Ruiming Hu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Chenghong Xing
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Guoliang Hu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.
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