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Yegambaram M, Sun X, Lu Q, Jin Y, Ornatowski W, Soto J, Aggarwal S, Wang T, Tieu K, Gu H, Fineman JR, Black SM. Mitochondrial hyperfusion induces metabolic remodeling in lung endothelial cells by modifying the activities of electron transport chain complexes I and III. Free Radic Biol Med 2024; 210:183-194. [PMID: 37979892 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2023.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a progressive disease with vascular remodeling as a critical structural alteration. We have previously shown that metabolic reprogramming is an early initiating mechanism in animal models of PH. This metabolic dysregulation has been linked to remodeling the mitochondrial network to favor fission. However, whether the mitochondrial fission/fusion balance underlies the metabolic reprogramming found early in PH development is unknown. METHODS Utilizing a rat early model of PH, in conjunction with cultured pulmonary endothelial cells (PECs), we utilized metabolic flux assays, Seahorse Bioassays, measurements of electron transport chain (ETC) complex activity, fluorescent microscopy, and molecular approaches to investigate the link between the disruption of mitochondrial dynamics and the early metabolic changes that occur in PH. RESULTS We observed increased fusion mediators, including Mfn1, Mfn2, and Opa1, and unchanged fission mediators, including Drp1 and Fis1, in a two-week monocrotaline-induced PH animal model (early-stage PH). We were able to establish a connection between increases in fusion mediator Mfn1 and metabolic reprogramming. Using an adenoviral expression system to enhance Mfn1 levels in pulmonary endothelial cells and utilizing 13C-glucose labeled substrate, we found increased production of 13C lactate and decreased TCA cycle metabolites, revealing a Warburg phenotype. The use of a 13C5-glutamine substrate showed evidence that hyperfusion also induces oxidative carboxylation. The increase in glycolysis was linked to increased hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) protein levels secondary to the disruption of cellular bioenergetics and higher levels of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mt-ROS). The elevation in mt-ROS correlated with attenuated ETC complexes I and III activities. Utilizing a mitochondrial-targeted antioxidant to suppress mt-ROS, limited HIF-1α protein levels, which reduced cellular glycolysis and reestablished mitochondrial membrane potential. CONCLUSIONS Our data connects mitochondrial fusion-mediated mt-ROS to the Warburg phenotype in early-stage PH development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manivannan Yegambaram
- Center for Translational Science, Florida International University, 11350 SW Village Parkway, Port St. Lucie, FL, 34987-2352, USA; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Xutong Sun
- Center for Translational Science, Florida International University, 11350 SW Village Parkway, Port St. Lucie, FL, 34987-2352, USA; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Qing Lu
- Center for Translational Science, Florida International University, 11350 SW Village Parkway, Port St. Lucie, FL, 34987-2352, USA; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Yan Jin
- Center for Translational Science, Florida International University, 11350 SW Village Parkway, Port St. Lucie, FL, 34987-2352, USA
| | | | - Jamie Soto
- Center for Translational Science, Florida International University, 11350 SW Village Parkway, Port St. Lucie, FL, 34987-2352, USA
| | - Saurabh Aggarwal
- Department of Cellular Biology & Pharmacology, Howard Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Ting Wang
- Center for Translational Science, Florida International University, 11350 SW Village Parkway, Port St. Lucie, FL, 34987-2352, USA; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA; Department of Cellular Biology & Pharmacology, Howard Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Kim Tieu
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Haiwei Gu
- Center for Translational Science, Florida International University, 11350 SW Village Parkway, Port St. Lucie, FL, 34987-2352, USA; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Jeffrey R Fineman
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA; Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Stephen M Black
- Center for Translational Science, Florida International University, 11350 SW Village Parkway, Port St. Lucie, FL, 34987-2352, USA; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA; Department of Cellular Biology & Pharmacology, Howard Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA.
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Liu B, Peng Y, Yi D, Machireddy N, Dong D, Ramirez K, Dai J, Vanderpool R, Zhu MM, Dai Z, Zhao YY. Endothelial PHD2 deficiency induces nitrative stress via suppression of caveolin-1 in pulmonary hypertension. Eur Respir J 2022; 60:2102643. [PMID: 35798360 PMCID: PMC9791795 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.02643-2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nitrative stress is a characteristic feature of the pathology of human pulmonary arterial hypertension. However, the role of nitrative stress in the pathogenesis of obliterative vascular remodelling and severe pulmonary arterial hypertension remains largely unclear. METHOD Our recently identified novel mouse model (Egln1Tie2Cre, Egln1 encoding prolyl hydroxylase 2 (PHD2)) has obliterative vascular remodelling and right heart failure, making it an excellent model to use in this study to examine the role of nitrative stress in obliterative vascular remodelling. RESULTS Nitrative stress was markedly elevated whereas endothelial caveolin-1 (Cav1) expression was suppressed in the lungs of Egln1Tie2Cre mice. Treatment with a superoxide dismutase mimetic, manganese (III) tetrakis (1-methyl-4-pyridyl) porphyrin pentachloride or endothelial Nos3 knockdown using endothelial cell-targeted nanoparticle delivery of CRISPR-Cas9/guide RNA plasmid DNA inhibited obliterative pulmonary vascular remodelling and attenuated severe pulmonary hypertension in Egln1Tie2Cre mice. Genetic restoration of Cav1 expression in Egln1Tie2Cre mice normalised nitrative stress, reduced pulmonary hypertension and improved right heart function. CONCLUSION These data suggest that suppression of Cav1 expression secondary to PHD2 deficiency augments nitrative stress through endothelial nitric oxide synthase activation, which contributes to obliterative vascular remodelling and severe pulmonary hypertension. Thus, a reactive oxygen/nitrogen species scavenger might have therapeutic potential for the inhibition of obliterative vascular remodelling and severe pulmonary arterial hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Liu
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep, Dept of Internal Medicine, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, USA
- Translational Cardiovascular Research Center, College of Medicine-Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Yi Peng
- Program for Lung and Vascular Biology, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Section for Injury Repair and Regeneration Research, Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Division of Critical Care, Dept of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Dan Yi
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep, Dept of Internal Medicine, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, USA
- Translational Cardiovascular Research Center, College of Medicine-Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Narsa Machireddy
- Program for Lung and Vascular Biology, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Section for Injury Repair and Regeneration Research, Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Division of Critical Care, Dept of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Daoyin Dong
- Program for Lung and Vascular Biology, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Section for Injury Repair and Regeneration Research, Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Division of Critical Care, Dept of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Karina Ramirez
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep, Dept of Internal Medicine, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, USA
- Translational Cardiovascular Research Center, College of Medicine-Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Jingbo Dai
- Program for Lung and Vascular Biology, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Section for Injury Repair and Regeneration Research, Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Division of Critical Care, Dept of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Rebecca Vanderpool
- College of Medicine Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Maggie M Zhu
- Program for Lung and Vascular Biology, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Section for Injury Repair and Regeneration Research, Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Division of Critical Care, Dept of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Zhiyu Dai
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep, Dept of Internal Medicine, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, USA
- Translational Cardiovascular Research Center, College of Medicine-Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, USA
- Zhiyu Dai and You-Yang Zhao contributed equally to this article as lead authors and supervised the work
| | - You-Yang Zhao
- Program for Lung and Vascular Biology, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Section for Injury Repair and Regeneration Research, Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Division of Critical Care, Dept of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Dept of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Dept of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Zhiyu Dai and You-Yang Zhao contributed equally to this article as lead authors and supervised the work
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Mitochondrial Regulation of the Hypoxia-Inducible Factor in the Development of Pulmonary Hypertension. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11175219. [PMID: 36079149 PMCID: PMC9457092 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11175219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a severe progressive lung disorder characterized by pulmonary vasoconstriction and vascular remodeling, culminating in right-sided heart failure and increased mortality. Data from animal models and human subjects demonstrated that hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-related signaling is essential in the progression of PH. This review summarizes the regulatory pathways and mechanisms of HIF-mediated signaling, emphasizing the role of mitochondria in HIF regulation and PH pathogenesis. We also try to determine the potential to therapeutically target the components of the HIF system for the management of PH.
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Truong L, Zheng YM, Wang YX. The Potential Important Role of Mitochondrial Rieske Iron–Sulfur Protein as a Novel Therapeutic Target for Pulmonary Hypertension in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10050957. [PMID: 35625694 PMCID: PMC9138741 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10050957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the third leading cause of death worldwide, which is often due to pulmonary hypertension (PH). The underlying molecular mechanisms are poorly understood, and current medications are neither specific nor always effective. In this review, we highlight the recent findings on the roles of altered mitochondrial bioenergetics in PH in COPD. We also discuss the central role of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation mediated by Rieske iron–sulfur protein (RISP) and review the contributions of RISP-dependent DNA damage and NF-κB-associated inflammatory signaling. Finally, the potential importance of mitochondrial RISP and its associated molecules as novel therapeutic targets for PH in COPD are meticulously discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yong-Xiao Wang
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(518)-262-9506; Fax: +1-(518)-262-8101
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5
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Gorelova A, Berman M, Al Ghouleh I. Endothelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Antioxid Redox Signal 2021; 34:891-914. [PMID: 32746619 PMCID: PMC8035923 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2020.8169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) is a process that encompasses extensive transcriptional reprogramming of activated endothelial cells leading to a shift toward mesenchymal cellular phenotypes and functional responses. Initially observed in the context of embryonic development, in the last few decades EndMT is increasingly recognized as a process that contributes to a variety of pathologies in the adult organism. Within the settings of cardiovascular biology, EndMT plays a role in various diseases, including atherosclerosis, heart valvular disease, cardiac fibrosis, and myocardial infarction. EndMT is also being progressively implicated in development and progression of pulmonary hypertension (PH) and pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). This review covers the current knowledge about EndMT in PH and PAH, and provides comprehensive overview of seminal discoveries. Topics covered include evidence linking EndMT to factors associated with PAH development, including hypoxia responses, inflammation, dysregulation of bone-morphogenetic protein receptor 2 (BMPR2), and redox signaling. This review amalgamates these discoveries into potential insights for the identification of underlying mechanisms driving EndMT in PH and PAH, and discusses future directions for EndMT-based therapeutic strategies in disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Gorelova
- Heart, Lung and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Mariah Berman
- Heart, Lung and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Imad Al Ghouleh
- Heart, Lung and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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Rudyk O, Aaronson PI. Redox Regulation, Oxidative Stress, and Inflammation in Group 3 Pulmonary Hypertension. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1303:209-241. [PMID: 33788196 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-63046-1_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Group 3 pulmonary hypertension (PH), which occurs secondary to hypoxia lung diseases, is one of the most common causes of PH worldwide and has a high unmet clinical need. A deeper understanding of the integrative pathological and adaptive molecular mechanisms within this group is required to inform the development of novel drug targets and effective treatments. The production of oxidants is increased in PH Group 3, and their pleiotropic roles include contributing to disease progression by promoting prolonged hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction and pathological pulmonary vascular remodeling, but also stimulating adaptation to pathological stress that limits the severity of this disease. Inflammation, which is increasingly being viewed as a key pathological feature of Group 3 PH, is subject to complex regulation by redox mechanisms and is exacerbated by, but also augments oxidative stress. In this review, we investigate aspects of this complex crosstalk between inflammation and oxidative stress in Group 3 PH, focusing on the redox-regulated transcription factor NF-κB and its upstream regulators toll-like receptor 4 and high mobility group box protein 1. Ultimately, we propose that the development of specific therapeutic interventions targeting redox-regulated signaling pathways related to inflammation could be explored as novel treatments for Group 3 PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olena Rudyk
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, King's College London, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, London, UK.
| | - Philip I Aaronson
- School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
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7
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Vitamin C Deficiency-Induced Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Chest 2020; 157:e21-e23. [PMID: 32033656 DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2019.06.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a case of a man in his 60s who developed pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) in association with profound vitamin C deficiency. Decreased availability of endothelial nitric oxide and activation of the hypoxia-inducible family of transcription factors, both consequences of vitamin C deficiency, are believed to be mechanisms contributing to the pathogenesis of the pulmonary hypertension. The PAH resolved following vitamin C supplementation. The current case highlights the importance of testing for vitamin C deficiency in patients with PAH in the proper clinical setting.
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Abstract
Chronic hypoxia causes pulmonary hypertension (PH), vascular remodeling, right ventricular (RV) hypertrophy, and cardiac failure. Protein kinase G Iα (PKGIα) is susceptible to oxidation, forming an interprotein disulfide homodimer associated with kinase targeting involved in vasodilation. Here we report increased disulfide PKGIα in pulmonary arteries from mice with hypoxic PH or lungs from patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension. This oxidation is likely caused by oxidants derived from NADPH oxidase-4, superoxide dismutase 3, and cystathionine γ-lyase, enzymes that were concomitantly increased in these samples. Indeed, products that may arise from these enzymes, including hydrogen peroxide, glutathione disulfide, and protein-bound persulfides, were increased in the plasma of hypoxic mice. Furthermore, low-molecular-weight hydropersulfides, which can serve as "superreductants" were attenuated in hypoxic tissues, consistent with systemic oxidative stress and the oxidation of PKGIα observed. Inhibiting cystathionine γ-lyase resulted in decreased hypoxia-induced disulfide PKGIα and more severe PH phenotype in wild-type mice, but not in Cys42Ser PKGIα knock-in (KI) mice that are resistant to oxidation. In addition, KI mice also developed potentiated PH during hypoxia alone. Thus, oxidation of PKGIα is an adaptive mechanism that limits PH, a concept further supported by polysulfide treatment abrogating hypoxia-induced RV hypertrophy in wild-type, but not in the KI, mice. Unbiased transcriptomic analysis of hypoxic lungs before structural remodeling identified up-regulation of endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition pathways in the KI compared with wild-type mice. Thus, disulfide PKGIα is an intrinsic adaptive mechanism that attenuates PH progression not only by promoting vasodilation but also by limiting maladaptive growth and fibrosis signaling.
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Jiang WL, Han X, Zhang YF, Xia QQ, Zhang JM, Wang F. Arctigenin prevents monocrotaline-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension in rats. RSC Adv 2019; 9:552-559. [PMID: 35521617 PMCID: PMC9059326 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra07892k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The hallmark features of the development of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) include the proliferation of pulmonary vascular smooth muscle cells, oxidative stress, inflammation, and pulmonary artery remodeling. Arctigenin is a bioactive component of Arctium lappa that exerts anti-inflammatory and antiproliferative effects in several diseases; however, its effects on pulmonary arteries are still unclear. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of arctigenin to prevent PAH. Rats injected with monocrotaline (MCT) progressively developed PAH. Arctigenin treatment (50 mg per kg per day, intra-peritoneally) ameliorated right ventricular systolic pressure and pulmonary arterial remodeling, decreased the expression of inflammatory cytokines, and limited the proliferation of pulmonary vascular smooth muscle cells in lungs. Mechanistically, arctigenin effectively inhibited the MCT-induced elevation of NLRP3, caspase-1, and interleukin 1-beta expression in the lungs. These results indicate that arctigenin ameliorates MCT-induced PAH, at least in part, through exerting its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antiproliferative effects, which inhibit the NLRP3 inflammasome signal pathway in rats. Arctigenin ameliorates monocrotaline-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension, at least in part, through exerting its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antiproliferative effects, which inhibit the NLRP3 inflammasome signal pathway in rats.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Long Jiang
- Department of Respiration
- Jiangyin Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Jiangyin Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine
- Wuxi City
- China
| | - Xiao Han
- Department of Cardiology
- Jiading District Central Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences
- Shanghai 201800
- China
| | - Yu-Feng Zhang
- Department of Respiration
- Jiangyin Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Jiangyin Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine
- Wuxi City
- China
| | - Qing-Qing Xia
- Department of Respiration
- Jiangyin Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Jiangyin Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine
- Wuxi City
- China
| | - Jia-Ming Zhang
- Department of Emergency
- Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University
- Wuxi City
- China
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Neurology
- Shanghai General Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University
- Shanghai 200080
- China
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Pulmonary arterial hypertension and the potential roles of metallothioneins: A focused review. Life Sci 2018; 214:77-83. [PMID: 30355531 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.10.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The pathophysiology of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is underlined by cell proliferation and vasoconstriction of pulmonary arterioles this involves multiple molecular factors or proteins, but it is not clear what the exact roles of these factors/proteins are. In addition, there may be other factors/proteins that have not been identified that contribute to PAH pathophysiology. Therefore, research has focused on investigating novel role players, in order to facilitate a better understanding of how PAH develop. Evidence suggest that mitochondrial regulators are key role players in PAH pathophysiology, but regulators that have not received sufficient attention in PAH are metallothioneins (MTs). In PAH patients, MT expression is elevated compared to healthy individuals, suggesting that MTs may be possible biomarkers. In other disease-models, MTs have been shown to regulate cell proliferation and vasoconstriction, processes that are instrumental in PAH pathophysiology. Due to the involvement of these processes in PAH pathophysiology and the ability of MTs to modulate them, this paper propose that cellular MTs may also play a role in PAH development. This paper suggests that PAH-research should perhaps begin to investigate the involvement of cellular MTs in the development of PAH.
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Inhibition of mitochondrial fission prevents hypoxia-induced metabolic shift and cellular proliferation of pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2017; 1863:2891-2903. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2017.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2017] [Revised: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Maarman GJ, Schulz R, Sliwa K, Schermuly RT, Lecour S. Novel putative pharmacological therapies to protect the right ventricle in pulmonary hypertension: a review of current literature. Br J Pharmacol 2017; 174:497-511. [PMID: 28099680 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Revised: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is defined by elevated mean pulmonary artery pressure following the pathological remodelling of small pulmonary arteries. An increase in right ventricular (RV) afterload results in RV hypertrophy and RV failure. The pathophysiology of PH, and RV remodelling in particular, is not well understood, thus explaining, at least in part, why current PH therapies have a limited effect. Existing therapies mostly target the pulmonary circulation. Because the remodelled RV fails to support normal cardiac function, patients eventually succumb from RV failure. Developing novel therapies that directly target the function of the RV may therefore benefit patients with PH. In the past decade, several promising studies have investigated novel cardioprotective strategies in experimental models of PH. This review aims to comprehensively discuss and highlight these novel experimental approaches to confer, in the long-term, greater health benefit in patients with PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald J Maarman
- Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Research in Africa (HICRA) and MRC Inter-University Cape Heart Group, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Rainer Schulz
- Institute of Physiology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Karen Sliwa
- Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Research in Africa (HICRA) and MRC Inter-University Cape Heart Group, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Ralph Theo Schermuly
- Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Centre, Member of the German Lung Centre (DZL), Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Sandrine Lecour
- Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Research in Africa (HICRA) and MRC Inter-University Cape Heart Group, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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Ellagic acid prevents monocrotaline-induced pulmonary artery hypertension via inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation in rats. Int J Cardiol 2014; 180:134-41. [PMID: 25438234 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2014.11.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2014] [Revised: 10/30/2014] [Accepted: 11/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH) is characterized by vascular remodeling, high pulmonary blood pressure, and right ventricular hypertrophy. Oxidative stress, inflammation and pulmonary artery remodeling are important components in PAH. Ellagic acid (EA) is a phenolic compound with anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, and anti-proliferative properties. This study aimed to investigate whether EA could prevent the development of monocrotaline (MCT)-induced PAH in rats. METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats received EA (30 and 50mg/kg/day) or vehicle one day after a single-dose of monocrotaline (MCT, 60mg/kg). Hemodynamic changes, right ventricular hypertrophy, and lung morphological features were assessed 4weeks later. Activation of the NLRP3 (NACHT, LRR, and PYD domain-containing protein 3) inflammasome pathway in the lungs was assessed using Western blot analysis. RESULTS MCT induced PAH, oxidative stress, and NLRP3 inflammasome activation in vehicle-treated rats. EA reduced the right ventricle systolic pressure, the right ventricular hypertrophy and the wall thickness/external diameter ratio of the pulmonary arteries compared with vehicle. EA also inhibited the MCT-induced elevation of oxidative stress, NLRP3, and caspase-1, IL-β in the lungs and the elevated levels of brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) and inflammatory cytokines in serum. CONCLUSIONS Ellagic acid ameliorates monocrotaline-induced pulmonary artery hypertension via exerting its anti-oxidative property inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome signal pathway in rats.
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Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension is a progressive disorder in which endothelial dysfunction and vascular remodeling obstruct small pulmonary arteries, resulting in increased pulmonary vascular resistance and pulmonary pressures. This leads to reduced cardiac output, right heart failure, and ultimately death. In this review, we attempt to answer some important questions commonly asked by patients diagnosed with pulmonary arterial hypertension pertaining to the disease, and aim to provide an explanation in terms of classification, diagnosis, pathophysiology, genetic causes, demographics, and prognostic factors. Furthermore, important molecular pathways that are central to the pathogenesis of pulmonary arterial hypertension are reviewed, including nitric oxide, prostacyclin, endothelin-1, reactive oxygen species, and endothelial and smooth muscle proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Chun Lai
- From Vascular Medicine Institute (Y.-C.L., K.C.P., A.L.M., M.T.G.) and Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine (A.L.M., M.T.G.), University of Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Karin C Potoka
- From Vascular Medicine Institute (Y.-C.L., K.C.P., A.L.M., M.T.G.) and Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine (A.L.M., M.T.G.), University of Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Hunter C Champion
- From Vascular Medicine Institute (Y.-C.L., K.C.P., A.L.M., M.T.G.) and Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine (A.L.M., M.T.G.), University of Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Ana L Mora
- From Vascular Medicine Institute (Y.-C.L., K.C.P., A.L.M., M.T.G.) and Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine (A.L.M., M.T.G.), University of Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Mark T Gladwin
- From Vascular Medicine Institute (Y.-C.L., K.C.P., A.L.M., M.T.G.) and Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine (A.L.M., M.T.G.), University of Pittsburgh, PA.
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15
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Abstract
Oxidative stress has many implications in the pathogenesis of lung diseases. In this review, we provide an overview of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) and nitrogen (RNS) species and antioxidants, how they relate to normal physiological function and the pathophysiology of different lung diseases, and therapeutic strategies. The production of ROS/RNS from endogenous and exogenous sources is first discussed, followed by antioxidant systems that restore oxidative balance and cellular homeostasis. The contribution of oxidant/antioxidant imbalance in lung disease pathogenesis is also discussed. An overview of therapeutic strategies is provided, such as augmenting NO bioactivity, blocking the production of ROS/RNS and replacement of deficient antioxidants. The limitations of current strategies and failures of clinical trials are then addressed, followed by discussion of novel experimental approaches for the development of improved antioxidant therapies.
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16
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Ghasemzadeh N, Patel RS, Eapen DJ, Veledar E, Al Kassem H, Manocha P, Khayata M, Zafari AM, Sperling L, Jones DP, Quyyumi AA. Oxidative stress is associated with increased pulmonary artery systolic pressure in humans. Hypertension 2014; 63:1270-5. [PMID: 24614216 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.113.02360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress contributes to the development of pulmonary hypertension in experimental models, but this association in humans is unknown. We investigated the relationship between pulmonary artery systolic pressure measured by echocardiography and plasma aminothiol oxidative stress markers, with the hypothesis that oxidative stress will be higher in those with pulmonary hypertension. A group of 347 patients aged 65±12 years from the Emory Cardiovascular Biobank underwent echocardiographic assessment of left ventricular ejection fraction and pulmonary artery systolic pressure. Plasma aminothiols, cysteine, its oxidized form, cystine, glutathione, and its oxidized disulphide were measured and the redox potentials (Eh) of cysteine/cystine and glutathione/oxidized glutathione couples were calculated. Non-normally distributed variables were log transformed (Ln). Univariate predictors of pulmonary artery systolic pressure included age (P<0.001), sex (P=0.002), mitral regurgitation (P<0.001), left ventricular ejection fraction (P<0.001), left atrial size (P<0.001), diabetes mellitus (P=0.03), plasma Ln cystine (β=9.53; P<0.001), Ln glutathione (β=-5.4; P=0.002), and Eh glutathione (β=0.21; P=0.001). A multivariate linear regression model adjusting for all confounding variables demonstrated that Ln cystine (β=6.56; P=0.007), mitral regurgitation (β=4.52; P<0.001), statin use (β=-3.39; P=0.03), left ventricular ejection fraction (β=-0.26; P=0.003), and age (β=0.17; P=0.003) were independent predictors of pulmonary artery systolic pressure. For each 1% increase in plasma cystine, pulmonary artery systolic pressure increased by 16%. This association persisted in the subgroup with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction (≥50%) and no significant mitral regurgitation. Whether treatment of oxidative stress will improve pulmonary hypertension requires further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nima Ghasemzadeh
- Division of Cardiology, Emory Clinical Cardiovascular Research Institute, 1462 Clifton Rd NE, Suite 507, Atlanta GA 30322.
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17
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Jäntschi L, Sestraş RE, Bolboacă SD. Modeling the antioxidant capacity of red wine from different production years and sources under censoring. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2013; 2013:267360. [PMID: 24260039 PMCID: PMC3821897 DOI: 10.1155/2013/267360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2013] [Accepted: 09/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The health benefit of drinking wine, expressed as capacity to defend the human organism from the free radicals action and thus reducing the oxidative stress, has already been demonstrated, and the results had been published in scientific literature. The aim of our study was to develop and assess a model able to estimate the antioxidant capacity (AC) of several samples of Romanian wines and to evaluate the AC dependency on the vintage (defined as the year in which wine was produced) and grape variety under presence of censored data. A contingency of two grape varieties from two different vineyards in Romania and five production years, with some missing experimental data, was used to conduct the analysis. The analysis showed that the antioxidant capacity of the investigated wines is linearly dependent on the vintage. Furthermore, an iterative algorithm was developed and applied to obtain the coefficients of the model and to estimate the missing experimental value. The contribution of wine source to the antioxidant capacity proved equal to 11%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorentz Jäntschi
- Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, Department of Chemistry, 103-105 Muncii Boulevard, 400641 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- University of Agricultural Science and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, 3-5 Calea Mănăştur, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Radu E. Sestraş
- University of Agricultural Science and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, 3-5 Calea Mănăştur, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Sorana D. Bolboacă
- “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Department of Medical Informatics and Biostatistics, 6 Louis Pasteur, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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