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Li G, Chen L, Bai H, Zhang L, Wang J, Li W. Depletion of squalene epoxidase in synergy with glutathione peroxidase 4 inhibitor RSL3 overcomes oxidative stress resistance in lung squamous cell carcinoma. PRECISION CLINICAL MEDICINE 2024; 7:pbae011. [PMID: 38779359 PMCID: PMC11109822 DOI: 10.1093/pcmedi/pbae011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) lacks effective targeted therapies and has a poor prognosis. Disruption of squalene epoxidase (SQLE) has been implicated in metabolic disorders and cancer. However, the role of SQLE as a monooxygenase involved in oxidative stress remains unclear. Methods We analyzed the expression and prognosis of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and LUSC samples from GEO and TCGA databases. The proliferative activity of the tumors after intervention of SQLE was verified by cell and animal experiments. JC-1 assay, flow cytometry, and Western blot were used to show changes in apoptosis after intervention of SQLE. Flow cytometry and fluorescence assay of ROS levels were used to indicate oxidative stress status. Results We investigated the unique role of SQLE expression in the diagnosis and prognosis prediction of LUSC. Knockdown of SQLE or treatment with the SQLE inhibitor terbinafine can suppress the proliferation of LUSC cells by inducing apoptosis and reactive oxygen species accumulation. However, depletion of SQLE also results in the impairment of lipid peroxidation and ferroptosis resistance such as upregulation of glutathione peroxidase 4. Therefore, prevention of SQLE in synergy with glutathione peroxidase 4 inhibitor RSL3 effectively mitigates the proliferation and growth of LUSC. Conclusion Our study indicates that the low expression of SQLE employs adaptive survival through regulating the balance of apoptosis and ferroptosis resistance. In future, the combinational therapy of targeting SQLE and ferroptosis could be a promising approach in treating LUSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo Li
- CAMS Key Laboratory of Translational Research on Lung Cancer, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Lu Chen
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Hua Bai
- CAMS Key Laboratory of Translational Research on Lung Cancer, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Institute of Respiratory Health, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Precision Medicine Center, Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, West China Hospital, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jie Wang
- CAMS Key Laboratory of Translational Research on Lung Cancer, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Weimin Li
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Institute of Respiratory Health, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Precision Medicine Center, Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, West China Hospital, Chengdu 610041, China
- The Research Units of West China, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital, Chengdu 610041, China
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André-Lévigne D, Pignel R, Boet S, Jaquet V, Kalbermatten DF, Madduri S. Role of Oxygen and Its Radicals in Peripheral Nerve Regeneration: From Hypoxia to Physoxia to Hyperoxia. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2030. [PMID: 38396709 PMCID: PMC10888612 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Oxygen is compulsory for mitochondrial function and energy supply, but it has numerous more nuanced roles. The different roles of oxygen in peripheral nerve regeneration range from energy supply, inflammation, phagocytosis, and oxidative cell destruction in the context of reperfusion injury to crucial redox signaling cascades that are necessary for effective axonal outgrowth. A fine balance between reactive oxygen species production and antioxidant activity draws the line between physiological and pathological nerve regeneration. There is compelling evidence that redox signaling mediated by the Nox family of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidases plays an important role in peripheral nerve regeneration. Further research is needed to better characterize the role of Nox in physiological and pathological circumstances, but the available data suggest that the modulation of Nox activity fosters great therapeutic potential. One of the promising approaches to enhance nerve regeneration by modulating the redox environment is hyperbaric oxygen therapy. In this review, we highlight the influence of various oxygenation states, i.e., hypoxia, physoxia, and hyperoxia, on peripheral nerve repair and regeneration. We summarize the currently available data and knowledge on the effectiveness of using hyperbaric oxygen therapy to treat nerve injuries and discuss future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik André-Lévigne
- Division of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Rodrigue Pignel
- Subaquatic and Hyperbaric Medicine Unit, Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Clinical Pharmacology, Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sylvain Boet
- Subaquatic and Hyperbaric Medicine Unit, Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Clinical Pharmacology, Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Clinical Epidemiology Program, Department of Innovation in Medical Education, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada
- Institut du Savoir Montfort, Ottawa, ON K1K 0T2, Canada
| | - Vincent Jaquet
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
- READS Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Daniel F. Kalbermatten
- Division of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
- Bioengineering and Neuroregeneration Laboratory, Department of Surgery, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Srinivas Madduri
- Division of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
- Bioengineering and Neuroregeneration Laboratory, Department of Surgery, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
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3
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Izumi T, Rychahou P, Chen L, Smith MH, Valentino J. Copy Number Variation That Influences the Ionizing Radiation Sensitivity of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Cells 2023; 12:2425. [PMID: 37887269 PMCID: PMC10605269 DOI: 10.3390/cells12202425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Genome instability in cancer cells causes not only point mutations but also structural variations of the genome, including copy number variations (CNVs). It has recently been proposed that CNVs arise in cancer to adapt to a given microenvironment to survive. However, how CNV influences cellular resistance against ionizing radiation remains unknown. PRMT5 (protein arginine methyltransferase 5) and APE1 (apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1), which enhance repair of DNA double-strand breaks and oxidative DNA damage, are closely localized in the chromosome 14 of the human genome. In this study, the genomics data for the PRMT5 and APE1 genes, including their expression, CNVs, and clinical outcomes, were analyzed using TCGA's data set for oral squamous cell carcinoma patients. The two genes were found to share almost identical CNV values among cancer tissues from oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) patients. Levels of expression of PRMT5 and APE1 in OSCC tissues are highly correlated in cancer but not in normal tissues, suggesting that regulation of PRMT5 and APE1 were overridden by the extent of CNV in the PRMT5-APE1 genome region. High expression levels of PRMT5 and APE1 were both associated with poor survival outcomes after radiation therapy. Simultaneous down-regulation of PRMT5 and APE1 synergistically hampered DNA double-strand break repair and sensitized OSCC cell lines to X-ray irradiation in vitro and in vivo. These results suggest that the extent of CNV in a particular genome region significantly influence the radiation resistance of cancer cells. Profiling CNV in the PRMT5-APE1 genome region may help us to understand the mechanism of the acquired radioresistance of tumor cells, and raises the possibility that simultaneous inhibition of PRMT5 and APE1 may increase the efficacy of radiation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadahide Izumi
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Piotr Rychahou
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Li Chen
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
- Internal Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Molly H. Smith
- Oral Pathology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
- Pathology and Cytology Laboratory, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - Joseph Valentino
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
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4
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Jahan R, Yousaf M, Khan H, Shah SA, Khan AA, Bibi N, Javed F, Ijaz M, Ali A, Wei DQ. Zinc Ortho Methyl Carbonodithioate Improved Pre and Post-Synapse Memory Impairment via SIRT1/p-JNK Pathway against Scopolamine in Adult Mice. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2023; 18:183-194. [PMID: 37261605 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-023-10067-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is globally recognized as a prominent cause of dementia for which efficient treatment is still lacking. New candidate compounds that are biologically potent are regularly tested. We, therefore, hypothesized to study the neuroprotective potential of Zinc Ortho Methyl Carbonodithioate (thereafter called ZOMEC) against Scopolamine (SCOP) induced Alzheimer's disease (AD) model using adult albino mice. We post-administered ZOMEC (30 mg/Kg) into two group of mice for three weeks on daily basis that received either 0.9% saline or SCOP (1 mg/Kg) for initial two weeks. The other two groups of mice received 0.9% saline and SCOP (1 mg/Kg) respectively. After memory related behavioral analysis the brain homogenates were evaluated for the antioxidant potential of ZOMEC and multiple protein markers were examined through western blotting. Our results provide enough evidences that ZOMEC decrease oxidative stress by increasing catalase (CAT) and glutathione S transferase (GST) and decreasing the lipid peroxidation (LPO). The SIRT1 and pre and post synaptic marker proteins, synaptophysin (SYP) as well as post synaptic density protein (PSD-95) expression were also enhanced upon ZOMEC treatment. Furthermore, memory impairment was rescued and ZOMEC appreciably abrogated the Aβ accumulation, BACE1 expression C and the p-JNK pathway. The inflammatory protein markers, NF-kβ and IL-1β in ZOMEC treated mice were also comparable with control group. The predicted interaction of ZOMEC with SIRT1 was further confirmed by molecular docking. These findings thus provide initial reports on efficacy of ZOMEC in SCOP induced AD model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rifat Jahan
- Department of Chemistry, Islamia College University, Peshawar, Pakistan
- Department of Biochemistry Shaheed Benazir, Bhutto Women University, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Mohammad Yousaf
- Department of Chemistry, Islamia College University, Peshawar, Pakistan.
| | - Hamayun Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Islamia College University, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Shahid Ali Shah
- Department of Biology, University of Haripur, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Haripur, 22620, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Aziz Khan
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Development and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, and Brain Science and Technology Research Center, Institute of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Nousheen Bibi
- Department of Bioinformatics, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto Women University, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Fatima Javed
- Department of Chemistry, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto Women University, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Musarrat Ijaz
- Department of Statistics Shaheed Benazir, Bhutto Women University, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Arif Ali
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biological Statistics, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong-Qing Wei
- Peng Cheng Laboratory, Vanke Cloud City Phase I Building 8, Xili Street, Nashan District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, People's Republic of China.
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai-Islamabad-Belgrade Joint Innovation Center on Antibacterial Resistances, Joint Laboratory of International Cooperation in Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Ministry of Education and School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Bioinformatics, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
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5
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Hyde ET, LaCroix AZ, Evenson KR, Howard AG, Anuskiewicz B, Di C, Bellettiere J, LaMonte MJ, Manson JE, Buring JE, Shiroma EJ, Lee IM, Parada H. Accelerometer-measured physical activity and postmenopausal breast cancer incidence in the Women's Health Accelerometry Collaboration. Cancer 2023; 129:1579-1590. [PMID: 36812131 PMCID: PMC10133094 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.34699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few studies have examined accelerometer-measured physical activity and incident breast cancer (BC). Thus, this study examined associations between accelerometer-measured vector magnitude counts per 15 seconds (VM/15s) and average daily minutes of light physical activity (LPA), moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA), and total PA (TPA) and BC risk among women in the Women's Health Accelerometry Collaboration (WHAC). METHODS The WHAC comprised 21,089 postmenopausal women (15,375 from the Women's Health Study [WHS]; 5714 from the Women's Health Initiative Objective Physical Activity and Cardiovascular Health Study [OPACH]). Women wore an ActiGraph GT3X+ on the hip for ≥4 days and were followed for 7.4 average years to identify physician-adjudicated in situ (n = 94) or invasive (n = 546) BCs. Multivariable stratified Cox regression estimated hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for tertiles of physical activity measures in association with incident BC overall and by cohort. Effect measure modification was examined by age, race/ethnicity, and body mass index (BMI). RESULTS In covariate-adjusted models, the highest (vs. lowest) tertiles of VM/15s, TPA, LPA, and MVPA were associated with BC HRs of 0.80 (95% CI, 0.64-0.99), 0.84 (95% CI, 0.69-1.02), 0.89 (95% CI, 0.73-1.08), and 0.81 (95% CI, 0.64-1.01), respectively. Further adjustment for BMI or physical function attenuated these associations. Associations were more pronounced among OPACH than WHS women for VM/15s, MVPA, and TPA; younger than older women for MVPA; and women with BMI ≥30 than <30 kg/m2 for LPA. CONCLUSION Greater levels of accelerometer-assessed PA were associated with lower BC risk. Associations varied by age and obesity and were not independent of BMI or physical function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric T. Hyde
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Andrea Z. LaCroix
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Kelly R. Evenson
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Annie Green Howard
- Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Blake Anuskiewicz
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Chongzhi Di
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - John Bellettiere
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Michael J. LaMonte
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo-SUNY, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - JoAnn E. Manson
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Julie E. Buring
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Eric J. Shiroma
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - I-Min Lee
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Humberto Parada
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA
- UC San Diego Health Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla, California, USA
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6
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Schönrock N, Tillmans F, Sebens S, Kähler W, Klapa S, Rieger B, Scherthan H, Koch A. Analysis of Single- and Double-Stranded DNA Damage in Osteoblastic Cells after Hyperbaric Oxygen Exposure. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12040851. [PMID: 37107226 PMCID: PMC10135236 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12040851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) exposure induces oxidative stress that may lead to DNA damage, which has been observed in human peripheral blood lymphocytes or non-human cells. Here, we investigated the impact of hyperbaric conditions on two human osteoblastic cell lines: primary human osteoblasts, HOBs, and the osteogenic tumor cell line SAOS-2. (2) Methods: Cells were exposed to HBO in an experimental hyperbaric chamber (4 ATA, 100% oxygen, 37 °C, and 4 h) or sham-exposed (1 ATA, air, 37 °C, and 4 h). DNA damage was examined before, directly after, and 24 h after exposure with an alkaline comet assay and detection of γH2AX+53BP1 colocalizing double-strand break (DSB) foci and apoptosis. The gene expression of TGFß-1, HO-1, and NQO1, involved in antioxidative functions, was measured with qRT-PCR. (3) Results: The alkaline comet assay showed significantly elevated levels of DNA damage in both cell lines after 4 h of HBO, while the DSB foci were similar to sham. γH2AX analysis indicated a slight increase in apoptosis in both cell lines. The increased expression of HO-1 in HOB and SAOS-2 directly after exposure suggested the induction of an antioxidative response in these cells. Additionally, the expression of TGF-ß1 was negatively affected in HOB cells 4 h after exposure. (4) Conclusions: in summary, this study indicates that osteoblastic cells are sensitive to the DNA-damaging effects of hyperbaric hyperoxia, with the HBO-induced DNA damage consisting largely of single-strand DNA breaks that are rapidly repaired.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nele Schönrock
- Naval Institute for Maritime Medicine, 24119 Kronshagen, Germany
| | - Frauke Tillmans
- Naval Institute for Maritime Medicine, 24119 Kronshagen, Germany
- Divers Alert Network, Durham, NC 27705, USA
| | - Susanne Sebens
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, Christian-Albrechts-University, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Wataru Kähler
- Naval Institute for Maritime Medicine, 24119 Kronshagen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Klapa
- Naval Institute for Maritime Medicine, 24119 Kronshagen, Germany
| | - Bente Rieger
- Naval Institute for Maritime Medicine, 24119 Kronshagen, Germany
| | - Harry Scherthan
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology Affiliated to the University of Ulm, 80937 Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas Koch
- Naval Institute for Maritime Medicine, 24119 Kronshagen, Germany
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7
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Wang ZH, Jiang S, Xu WH. ROS downregulate TCA activity to modulate energy metabolism via the HIF/miR-34/ACS-PK pathway for lifespan extension in Helicoverpa armigera. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2023; 1870:119414. [PMID: 36535371 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2022.119414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and low tricarboxylic acid (TCA) activity in the brain promote pupal diapause, which is characterized by metabolic depression and lifespan extension. However, it is unclear whether ROS are associated with TCA activity. In this study, we demonstrate that ROS downregulate TCA activity and acetyl-CoA and pyruvate levels in the brains of diapause-destined pupae in the moth Helicoverpa armigera, as well as the protein levels of acetyl-CoA synthetase (ACS) and pyruvate kinase (PK), two proteins involved in the biosynthesis of acetyl-CoA and pyruvate, respectively. Interestingly, miR-34, which is highly expressed in the brains of diapause-destined pupae, can respond to ROS signaling. Furthermore, we show that miR-34 can reduce the expression of ACS and PK by directly targeting their mRNAs. Additionally, hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF), a transcription factor, can be activated by ROS and then promotes miR-34 transcription by binding a cis-element in its promoter. Moreover, we observed delayed pupal development after treatment with a ROS activator paraquat and a HIF activator dimethyloxallyl glycine. Taken together, these results suggest that a novel pathway ROS/HIF/miR-34/ACS-PK was found to negatively regulate TCA activity to promote insect diapause for lifespan extension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Hao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Institute of Entomology, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Songshan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Institute of Entomology, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Wei-Hua Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Institute of Entomology, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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8
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Wicker CA, Petery T, Dubey P, Wise-Draper TM, Takiar V. Improving Radiotherapy Response in the Treatment of Head and Neck Cancer. Crit Rev Oncog 2023; 27:73-84. [PMID: 36734873 DOI: 10.1615/critrevoncog.2022044635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The application of radiotherapy to the treatment of cancer has existed for over 100 years. Although its use has cured many, much work remains to be done to minimize side effects, and in-field tumor recurrences. Resistance of the tumor to a radiation-mediated death remains a complex issue that results in local recurrence and significantly decreases patient survival. Here, we review mechanisms of radioresistance and selective treatment combinations that improve the efficacy of the radiation that is delivered. Further investigation into the underlying mechanisms of radiation resistance is warranted to develop not just novel treatments, but treatments with improved safety profiles relative to current radiosensitizers. This review is written in memory and honor of Dr. Peter Stambrook, an avid scientist and thought leader in the field of DNA damage and carcinogenesis, and a mentor and advocate for countless students and faculty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina A Wicker
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45219
| | - Taylor Petery
- College of Medicine, University, of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267
| | - Poornima Dubey
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45219
| | | | - Vinita Takiar
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45219; Department of Radiation Oncology, Cincinnati Veteran's Affair Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45220
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9
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Zhang H, Wu C, Yu DD, Su H, Chen Y, Ni W. Piperine attenuates the inflammation, oxidative stress, and pyroptosis to facilitate recovery from spinal cord injury via autophagy enhancement. Phytother Res 2023; 37:438-451. [PMID: 36114802 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a serious injury that can lead to irreversible motor dysfunction. Due to its complicated pathogenic mechanism, there are no effective drug treatments. Piperine, a natural active alkaloid extracted from black pepper, has been reported to influence neurogenesis and exert a neuroprotective effect in traumatic brain injury. The aim of this study was to investigate the therapeutic effect of piperine in an SCI model. SCI was induced in mice by clamping the spinal cord with a vascular clip for 1 min. Before SCI and every 2 days post-SCI, evaluations using the Basso mouse scale and inclined plane tests were performed. On day 28 after SCI, footprint analyses, and HE/Masson staining of tissues were performed. On a postoperative Day 3, the spinal cord was harvested to assess the levels of pyroptosis, reactive oxygen species (ROS), inflammation, and autophagy. Piperine enhanced functional recovery after SCI. Additionally, piperine reduced inflammation, oxidative stress, pyroptosis, and activated autophagy. However, the effects of piperine on functional recovery after SCI were reversed by autophagy inhibition. The study demonstrated that piperine facilitated functional recovery after SCI by inhibiting inflammatory, oxidative stress, and pyroptosis, mediated by the activation of autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haojie Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China.,The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenyu Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China.,The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong-Dong Yu
- Department of Urology, Huzhou Central Hospital, Huzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Haohan Su
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China.,The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanlin Chen
- Spinal Surgery Department, The Central Hospital of Lishui City, Lishui, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenfei Ni
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China.,The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
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10
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Ma Y, Yang Y, Xin J, He L, Hu Z, Gao T, Pan F, Guo Z. RNA G-Quadruplex within the 5'-UTR of FEN1 Regulates mRNA Stability under Oxidative Stress. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12020276. [PMID: 36829835 PMCID: PMC9952066 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12020276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are a group of highly oxidative molecules that induce DNA damage, affecting DNA damage response (DDR) and gene expression. It is now recognized that DNA base excision repair (BER) is one of the important pathways responsible for sensing oxidative stress to eliminate DNA damage, in which FEN1 plays an important role in this process. However, the regulation of FEN1 under oxidative stress is still unclear. Here, we identified a novel RNA G-quadruplex (rG4) sequence in the 5'untranslated region (5'UTR) of FEN1 mRNA. Under oxidative stress, the G bases in the G4-forming sequence can be oxidized by ROS, resulting in structural disruption of the G-quadruplex. ROS or TMPyP4, a G4-structural ligand, disrupted the formation of G4 structure and affected the expression of FEN1. Furthermore, pull-down experiments identified a novel FEN1 rG4-binding protein, heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A1 (hnRNPA1), and cellular studies have shown that hnRNPA1 plays an important role in regulating FEN1 expression. This work demonstrates that rG4 acts as a ROS sensor in the 5'UTR of FEN1 mRNA. Taken together, these results suggest a novel role for rG4 in translational control under oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Ma
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Jingyu Xin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Lingfeng He
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zhigang Hu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Tao Gao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Feiyan Pan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
- Correspondence: (F.P.); (Z.G.)
| | - Zhigang Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
- Correspondence: (F.P.); (Z.G.)
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11
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Bernstein H, Bernstein C. Bile acids as carcinogens in the colon and at other sites in the gastrointestinal system. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2023; 248:79-89. [PMID: 36408538 PMCID: PMC9989147 DOI: 10.1177/15353702221131858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Colon cancer incidence is associated with a high-fat diet. Such a diet is linked to elevated levels of bile acids in the gastrointestinal system and the circulation. Secondary bile acids are produced by microorganisms present at high concentrations in the colon. Recent prospective studies and a retrospective study in humans associate high circulating blood levels of secondary bile acids with increased risk of colon cancer. Feeding mice a diet containing a secondary bile acid, so their feces have the bile acid at a level comparable to that in the feces of humans on a high-fat diet, also causes colon cancer in the mice. Studies using human cells grown in culture illuminate some mechanisms by which bile acids cause cancer. In human cells, bile acids cause oxidative stress leading to oxidative DNA damage. Increased DNA damage increases the occurrence of mutations and epimutations, some of which provide a cellular growth advantage such as apoptosis resistance. Cells with such mutations/epimutations increase by natural selection. Apoptosis, or programmed cell death, is a beneficial process that eliminates cells with unrepaired DNA damage, whereas apoptosis-resistant cells are able to survive DNA damage using inaccurate repair processes. This results in apoptosis-resistant cells having more frequent mutations/epimutations, some of which are carcinogenic. The experiments on cultured human cells have provided a basis for understanding at the molecular level the human studies that recently reported an association of bile acids with colon cancer, and the mouse studies showing directly that bile acids cause colon cancer. Similar, but more limited, findings of an association of dietary bile acids with other cancers of the gastrointestinal system suggest that understanding the role of bile acids in colon carcinogenesis may contribute to understanding carcinogenesis in other organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harris Bernstein
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724-5044, USA
| | - Carol Bernstein
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724-5044, USA
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12
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Tarpley M, Chen Y, Bhakat KK. Genome-Wide Binding Analysis of DNA Repair Protein APE1 in Tumor Cells by ChIP-Seq. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2701:243-252. [PMID: 37574487 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3373-1_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
The base excision repair (BER) is the primary damage repair pathway for repairing most of the endogenous DNA damage including oxidative base lesions, apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) sites, and single-strand breaks (SSBs) in the genome. Repair of these damages in cells relies on sequential recruitment and coordinated actions of multiple DNA repair enzymes, which include DNA glycosylases (such as OGG1), AP-endonucleases (APE1), DNA polymerases, and DNA ligases. APE1 plays a key role in the BER pathway by repairing the AP sites and SSBs in the genome. Several methods have been developed to generate a map of endogenous AP sites or SSBs in the genome and the binding of DNA repair proteins. In this chapter, we describe detailed approaches to map genome-wide occupancy or enrichment of APE1 in human cells using chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by next-generation sequencing (ChIP-seq). Further, we discuss standard bioinformatics approaches for analyzing ChIP-seq data to identify APE1 enrichment or binding peaks in the genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mason Tarpley
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Yingling Chen
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Kishor K Bhakat
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
- Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
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13
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Redox Status Response of Physical Exercise Training in Women with Breast Cancer during Trastuzumab Therapy. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10102039. [PMID: 36292486 PMCID: PMC9602187 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10102039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Trastuzumab is indicated in the adjuvant setting for the early and intermediate stages of breast cancer (BC) positive for epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). Although HER2 in BC patients tends to disrupt pro-oxidant and inflammatory signaling, the influence of trastuzumab in modulating this process remains unknown. Due to the absence of any chemotherapeutic or chemoprophylactic agents for trastuzumab-induced side effects, this study investigated the potential role of regular physical exercise in modulating the antioxidant defenses, oxidative stress, and nitrosative damage in BC patients during trastuzumab treatment. AIM The study aimed to analyze the relationship between regular physical activity and the redox status in women with BC during trastuzumab therapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS We observed 50 BC patients during trastuzumab therapy in two groups: one that undertook moderately intensive supervised physical exercises, and a second that performed physical activity according to the recommendations for cancer patients, along with a third (control) group of healthy women. RESULTS The antioxidant enzyme and non-enzymatic antioxidant activities were significantly higher in the exercised group compared with the other participants. The concentrations of lipid and protein oxidative damage and nitrosative stress products were significantly higher in both BC groups than in the healthy controls. CONCLUSIONS Trastuzumab treatment stimulates a redox response in BC patients. The results highlight the oxidative imbalance in parallel with regular physical training in women with BC during trastuzumab therapy. Further studies are needed to analyze different intensities and levels of physical training in women with BC during trastuzumab treatment.
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14
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Zhao Q, Chen S, Wang G, Du Y, Zhang Z, Yu G, Ren C, Zhang Y, Du J. Exogenous melatonin enhances soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) seedling tolerance to saline-alkali stress by regulating antioxidant response and DNA damage repair. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2022; 174:e13731. [PMID: 35717632 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Saline-alkali (SA) stress induces excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation in plant cells, resulting in oxidative damages of membranes, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. Melatonin has antioxidant protection effects in living organisms and thus has received a lot of attention. This study aimed to investigate the effect and regulating mechanism of melatonin treatment on soybean tolerance to SA stress. In this study, cultivars Heihe 49 (HH49, SA-tolerant) and Henong 95 (HN95, SA-sensitive) were pot-cultured in SA soil, then treated with MT (0-300 μM) at V1 stage. SA stress induced ROS accumulation and DNA damage in the seedling roots of both cultivars, causing G1/S arrest in HN95 and G2/M arrest in HH49. Melatonin treatment enhanced the activity of antioxidant enzymes in soybean seedling roots and reduced ROS accumulation. Additionally, melatonin treatment upregulated DNA damage repair genes, thus enhancing the reduction of DNA oxidative damage under SA stress. The effects of melatonin treatment were manifested as decreased RAPD polymorphism, 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanine (8-OH-dG) level, and relative density of apurinic sites (AP-sites). Meanwhile, melatonin treatment partially alleviated the SA-induced G1/S arrest in HN95 and G2/M arrest in HH49, thus enhancing soybean seedling tolerance to SA stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zhao
- Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of Soybean Mechanized Production, Daqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Suyu Chen
- Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of Soybean Mechanized Production, Daqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangda Wang
- Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of Soybean Mechanized Production, Daqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanli Du
- Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of Soybean Mechanized Production, Daqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaoning Zhang
- Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of Soybean Mechanized Production, Daqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Gaobo Yu
- Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of Soybean Mechanized Production, Daqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunyuan Ren
- Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of Soybean Mechanized Production, Daqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxian Zhang
- Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of Soybean Mechanized Production, Daqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jidao Du
- Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of Soybean Mechanized Production, Daqing, People's Republic of China
- Research Center of Saline and Alkali Land Improvement Engineering Technology in Heilongjiang Province, Daqing, People's Republic of China
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15
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Singh M, Verma Y, Rana SVS. Nephrotoxicity of nickel nano and microparticles in rat- a comparative, time dependent study with special reference to antioxidant defence system. INORG NANO-MET CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/24701556.2022.2048307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Meenu Singh
- Department of Toxicology, Ch. Charan Singh University, Meerut, India
| | - Yeshvandra Verma
- Department of Toxicology, Ch. Charan Singh University, Meerut, India
| | - S. V. S. Rana
- Department of Toxicology, Ch. Charan Singh University, Meerut, India
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16
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Abstract
Base excision repair (BER) is one of the major DNA repair pathways used to fix a myriad of cellular DNA lesions. The enzymes involved in BER, including DNA polymerase β (Polβ), have been identified and characterized, but how they act together to efficiently perform BER has not been fully understood. Through gel electrophoresis, mass spectrometry, and kinetic analysis, we discovered that the two enzymatic activities of Polβ can be interlocked, rather than functioning independently from each other, when processing DNA intermediates formed in BER. The finding prompted us to hypothesize a modified BER pathway. Through conventional and time-resolved X-ray crystallography, we solved 11 high-resolution crystal structures of cross-linked Polβ complexes and proposed a detailed chemical mechanism for Polβ’s 5′-deoxyribose-5-phosphate lyase activity. Base excision repair (BER) is a major cellular pathway for DNA damage repair. During BER, DNA polymerase β (Polβ) is hypothesized to first perform gap-filling DNA synthesis by its polymerase activity and then cleave a 5′-deoxyribose-5-phosphate (dRP) moiety via its dRP lyase activity. Through gel electrophoresis and kinetic analysis of partial BER reconstitution, we demonstrated that gap-filling DNA synthesis by the polymerase activity likely occurred after Schiff base formation but before β-elimination, the two chemical reactions catalyzed by the dRP lyase activity. The Schiff base formation and β-elimination intermediates were trapped by sodium borohydride reduction and identified by mass spectrometry and X-ray crystallography. Presteady-state kinetic analysis revealed that cross-linked Polβ (i.e., reduced Schiff base) exhibited a 17-fold higher polymerase efficiency than uncross-linked Polβ. Conventional and time-resolved X-ray crystallography of cross-linked Polβ visualized important intermediates for its dRP lyase and polymerase activities, leading to a modified chemical mechanism for the dRP lyase activity. The observed interlocking enzymatic activities of Polβ allow us to propose an altered mechanism for the BER pathway, at least under the conditions employed. Plausibly, the temporally coordinated activities at the two Polβ active sites may well be the reason why Polβ has both active sites embedded in a single polypeptide chain. This proposed pathway suggests a corrected facet of BER and DNA repair, and may enable alternative chemical strategies for therapeutic intervention, as Polβ dysfunction is a key element common to several disorders.
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17
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Cho E, Allemang A, Audebert M, Chauhan V, Dertinger S, Hendriks G, Luijten M, Marchetti F, Minocherhomji S, Pfuhler S, Roberts DJ, Trenz K, Yauk CL. AOP report: Development of an adverse outcome pathway for oxidative DNA damage leading to mutations and chromosomal aberrations. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2022; 63:118-134. [PMID: 35315142 PMCID: PMC9322445 DOI: 10.1002/em.22479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The Genetic Toxicology Technical Committee (GTTC) of the Health and Environmental Sciences Institute (HESI) is developing adverse outcome pathways (AOPs) that describe modes of action leading to potentially heritable genomic damage. The goal was to enhance the use of mechanistic information in genotoxicity assessment by building empirical support for the relationships between relevant molecular initiating events (MIEs) and regulatory endpoints in genetic toxicology. Herein, we present an AOP network that links oxidative DNA damage to two adverse outcomes (AOs): mutations and chromosomal aberrations. We collected empirical evidence from the literature to evaluate the key event relationships between the MIE and the AOs, and assessed the weight of evidence using the modified Bradford-Hill criteria for causality. Oxidative DNA damage is constantly induced and repaired in cells given the ubiquitous presence of reactive oxygen species and free radicals. However, xenobiotic exposures may increase damage above baseline levels through a variety of mechanisms and overwhelm DNA repair and endogenous antioxidant capacity. Unrepaired oxidative DNA base damage can lead to base substitutions during replication and, along with repair intermediates, can also cause DNA strand breaks that can lead to mutations and chromosomal aberrations if not repaired adequately. This AOP network identifies knowledge gaps that could be filled by targeted studies designed to better define the quantitative relationships between key events, which could be leveraged for quantitative chemical safety assessment. We anticipate that this AOP network will provide the building blocks for additional genotoxicity-associated AOPs and aid in designing novel integrated testing approaches for genotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunnara Cho
- Environmental Health Science and Research BureauHealth CanadaOttawaOntarioCanada
- Department of BiologyCarleton UniversityOttawaOntarioCanada
| | | | | | - Vinita Chauhan
- Consumer and Clinical Radiation Protection BureauHealth CanadaOttawaOntarioCanada
| | | | | | - Mirjam Luijten
- Centre for Health ProtectionNational Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM)BilthovenThe Netherlands
| | - Francesco Marchetti
- Environmental Health Science and Research BureauHealth CanadaOttawaOntarioCanada
- Department of BiologyCarleton UniversityOttawaOntarioCanada
| | - Sheroy Minocherhomji
- Amgen Research, Translational Safety and Bioanalytical SciencesAmgen Inc.Thousand OaksCaliforniaUSA
| | | | | | | | - Carole L. Yauk
- Environmental Health Science and Research BureauHealth CanadaOttawaOntarioCanada
- Department of BiologyCarleton UniversityOttawaOntarioCanada
- Department of BiologyUniversity of OttawaOttawaOntarioCanada
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18
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Chemoselective Preparation of New Families of Phenolic-Organoselenium Hybrids-A Biological Assessment. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27041315. [PMID: 35209105 PMCID: PMC8875169 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27041315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Being aware of the enormous biological potential of organoselenium and polyphenolic compounds, we have accomplished the preparation of novel hybrids, combining both pharmacophores in order to obtain new antioxidant and antiproliferative agents. Three different families have been accessed in a straightforward and chemoselective fashion: carbohydrate-containing N-acylisoselenoureas, N-arylisoselenocarbamates and N-arylselenocarbamates. The nature of the organoselenium framework, number and position of phenolic hydroxyl groups and substituents on the aromatic scaffolds afforded valuable structure–activity relationships for the biological assays accomplished: antioxidant properties (antiradical activity, DNA-protective effects, Glutathione peroxidase (GPx) mimicry) and antiproliferative activity. Regarding the antioxidant activity, selenocarbamates 24–27 behaved as excellent mimetics of GPx in the substoichiometric elimination of H2O2 as a Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) model. Isoselenocarbamates and particularly their selenocarbamate isomers exhibited potent antiproliferative activity against non-small lung cell lines (A549, SW1573) in the low micromolar range, with similar potency to that shown by the chemotherapeutic agent cisplatin (cis-diaminodichloroplatin, CDDP) and occasionally with more potency than etoposide (VP-16).
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19
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Volatier T, Schumacher B, Cursiefen C, Notara M. UV Protection in the Cornea: Failure and Rescue. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11020278. [PMID: 35205145 PMCID: PMC8868636 DOI: 10.3390/biology11020278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Simple Summary The sun is a deadly laser, and its damaging rays harm exposed tissues such as our skin and eyes. The skin’s protection and repair mechanisms are well understood and utilized in therapeutic approaches while the eye lacks such complete understanding of its defenses and therefore often lacks therapeutic support in most cases. The aim here was to document the similarities and differences between the two tissues as well as understand where current research stands on ocular, particularly corneal, ultraviolet protection. The objective is to identify what mechanisms may be best suited for future investigation and valuable therapeutic approaches. Abstract Ultraviolet (UV) irradiation induces DNA lesions in all directly exposed tissues. In the human body, two tissues are chronically exposed to UV: the skin and the cornea. The most frequent UV-induced DNA lesions are cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs) that can lead to apoptosis or induce tumorigenesis. Lacking the protective pigmentation of the skin, the transparent cornea is particularly dependent on nucleotide excision repair (NER) to remove UV-induced DNA lesions. The DNA damage response also triggers intracellular autophagy mechanisms to remove damaged material in the cornea; these mechanisms are poorly understood despite their noted involvement in UV-related diseases. Therapeutic solutions involving xenogenic DNA-repair enzymes such as T4 endonuclease V or photolyases exist and are widely distributed for dermatological use. The corneal field lacks a similar set of tools to address DNA-lesions in photovulnerable patients, such as those with genetic disorders or recently transplanted tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Volatier
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany; (C.C.); (M.N.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Björn Schumacher
- Cologne Excellence Cluster for Cellular Stress Responses, Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Center for Molecular Medicine (CMMC), University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Strasse 26, 50931 Cologne, Germany;
| | - Claus Cursiefen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany; (C.C.); (M.N.)
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 21, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Maria Notara
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany; (C.C.); (M.N.)
- Cologne Excellence Cluster for Cellular Stress Responses, Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Center for Molecular Medicine (CMMC), University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Strasse 26, 50931 Cologne, Germany;
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20
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Liu C, Hu F, Jiao G, Guo Y, Zhou P, Zhang Y, Zhang Z, Yi J, You Y, Li Z, Wang H, Zhang X. Dental pulp stem cell-derived exosomes suppress M1 macrophage polarization through the ROS-MAPK-NFκB P65 signaling pathway after spinal cord injury. J Nanobiotechnology 2022; 20:65. [PMID: 35109874 PMCID: PMC8811988 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-022-01273-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cell-derived exosomes have recently been regarded as potential drugs for treating spinal cord injury (SCI) by reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) and suppressing M1 macrophage polarization. However, the roles of ROS and exosomes in the process of M1 macrophage polarization are not known. Herein, we demonstrated that ROS can induce M1 macrophage polarization and have a concentration-dependent effect. ROS can induce M1 macrophage polarization through the MAPK-NFκB P65 signaling pathway. Dental pulp stem cell (DPSC)-derived exosomes can reduce macrophage M1 polarization through the ROS-MAPK-NFκB P65 signaling pathway in treating SCI. This study suggested that DPSC-derived exosomes might be a potential drug for treating SCI. Disruption of the cycle between ROS and M1 macrophage polarization might also be a potential effective treatment by reducing secondary damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Huangpu Avenue West Road, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Fanqi Hu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Genlong Jiao
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Huangpu Avenue West Road, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Guo
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Huangpu Avenue West Road, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Pan Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Huangpu Avenue West Road, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuning Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Yi
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yonggang You
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Huangpu Avenue West Road, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhizhong Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Huangpu Avenue West Road, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hua Wang
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xuesong Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
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21
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Ho E, Wong CP, King JC. Impact of zinc on DNA integrity and age-related inflammation. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 178:391-397. [PMID: 34921929 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.12.256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Dr. Bruce Ames was a pioneer in understanding the role of oxidative stress and DNA damage, and in the 1990s began to make connections between micronutrient deficiencies and DNA damage. Zinc is an essential micronutrient for human health and a key component for the function of numerous cellular processes. In particular, zinc plays a critical role in cellular antioxidant defense, the maintenance of DNA integrity and is also essential for the normal development and function of the immune system. This review highlights the work helping connect zinc deficiency to oxidative stress, susceptibility to DNA damage and chronic inflammation that was initiated while working with Dr. Ames. This review outlines the body of work in this area, from cells to humans. The article also reviews the unique challenges of maintaining zinc status as we age and the interplay between zinc deficiency and age-related inflammation and immune dysfunction. Several micronutrient deficiencies, including zinc deficiency, can drastically affect the risk of many chronic diseases and underscores the importance of adequate nutrition for healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Ho
- Linus Pauling Institute, 307 Linus Pauling Science Center, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA; School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, 101 Milam Hall, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA.
| | - Carmen P Wong
- Linus Pauling Institute, 307 Linus Pauling Science Center, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA; School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, 101 Milam Hall, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Janet C King
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, 94720, USA
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22
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Sengul A, Yengin C, Egrilmez S, Kilinc E. OUP accepted manuscript. J Chromatogr Sci 2022; 61:375-392. [PMID: 35441225 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmac031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
HPLC-PDA, LC-MS/MS methods were developed for simultaneous determination of a group of oxidative stress biomarkers (OSBs); 2dA, 2dC, 2dU, 3NLT, 5HMU and 8OHdG in 10 simulated artificial body fluids. O-phosphoric acid and methanol composed mobile phases A and B for gradient elution in HPLC-PDA using ODS-2 column. Linearity obtained for 1.0×10-6-1.0×10-4M range. LODs were 1.73×10-6, 1.19×10-6, 2.59×10-6, 1.40×10-6, 2.21×10-6 and 4.07×10-6M for 2dU, 8OHdG, 2dA, 2dC, 5HMU and 3NLT, respectively. LOQs were 5.29×10-6, 4.02×10-6, 6.82×10-6, 4.02×10-6, 6.82×10-6 and 9.92×10-6M. About 10 mM aqueous ammonium acetate solution and methanol containing 0.1% (v/v) formic acid composed mobile phases A and B for gradient elution in LC-MS/MS. Linearity obtained for 1.0×10-8-1.0×10-6M range. LODs were 2.88×10-10, 1.01×10-8, 3.38×10-9, 1.36×10-7, 1.81×10-7 and 1.40×10-8M for 2dU, 8OHdG, 2dA, 2dC, 5HMU and 3NLT, respectively. LOQs were 9.37×10-10, 3.22×10-8, 1.91×10-8, 4.53×10-7, 5.90×10-7 and 2.18×10-8M. Both methods were validated using ICH Q2(R1) guideline. Specificity, linearity, range, accuracy, precision, reproducibility, LOD, LOQ and recovery were achieved. Chemometric analysis was performed on raw PDA and MS data to check their significance for discrimination of OSBs. Sets of single and triple quadrupole fragmentations were evaluated for principle component analysis. Chosen number of PCs successfully distinguished OSBs of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayse Sengul
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University, , Bornova, TR-35100, Izmir, Türkiye
| | - Cigdem Yengin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Bornova, TR-35100, Izmir, Türkiye
| | - Sait Egrilmez
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Bornova, TR-35100, Izmir, Türkiye
| | - Emrah Kilinc
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University, , Bornova, TR-35100, Izmir, Türkiye
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23
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Chakraborty A, Tapryal N, Islam A, Mitra S, Hazra T. Transcription coupled base excision repair in mammalian cells: So little is known and so much to uncover. DNA Repair (Amst) 2021; 107:103204. [PMID: 34390916 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2021.103204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Oxidized bases in the genome has been implicated in various human pathologies, including cancer, aging and neurological diseases. Their repair is initiated with excision by DNA glycosylases (DGs) in the base excision repair (BER) pathway. Among the five oxidized base-specific human DGs, OGG1 and NTH1 preferentially excise oxidized purines and pyrimidines, respectively, while NEILs remove both oxidized purines and pyrimidines. However, little is known about why cells possess multiple DGs with overlapping substrate specificities. Studies of the past decades revealed that some DGs are involved in repair of oxidized DNA base lesions in the actively transcribed regions. Preferential removal of lesions from the transcribed strands of active genes, called transcription-coupled repair (TCR), was discovered as a distinct sub-pathway of nucleotide excision repair; however, such repair of oxidized DNA bases had not been established until our recent demonstration of NEIL2's role in TC-BER of the nuclear genome. We have shown that NEIL2 forms a distinct transcriptionally active, repair proficient complex. More importantly, we for the first time reconstituted TC-BER using purified components. These studies are important for characterizing critical requirement for the process. However, because NEIL2 cannot remove all types of oxidized bases, it is unlikely to be the only DNA glycosylase involved in TC-BER. Hence, we postulate TC-BER process to be universally involved in maintaining the functional integrity of active genes, especially in post-mitotic, non-growing cells. We further postulate that abnormal bases (e.g., uracil), and alkylated and other small DNA base adducts are also repaired via TC-BER. In this review, we have provided an overview of the various aspects of TC-BER in mammalian cells with the hope of generating significant interest of many researchers in the field. Further studies aimed at better understanding the mechanistic aspects of TC-BER could help elucidate the linkage of TC-BER deficiency to various human pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anirban Chakraborty
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Sealy Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.
| | - Nisha Tapryal
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Sealy Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Azharul Islam
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Sealy Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Sankar Mitra
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Tapas Hazra
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Sealy Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.
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24
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Karlsen TR, Kong XY, Holm S, Quiles-Jiménez A, Dahl TB, Yang K, Sagen EL, Skarpengland T, S Øgaard JD, Holm K, Vestad B, Olsen MB, Aukrust P, Bjørås M, Hov JR, Halvorsen B, Gregersen I. NEIL3-deficiency increases gut permeability and contributes to a pro-atherogenic metabolic phenotype. Sci Rep 2021; 11:19749. [PMID: 34611194 PMCID: PMC8492623 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-98820-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis and its consequences cause considerable morbidity and mortality world-wide. We have previously shown that expression of the DNA glycosylase NEIL3 is regulated in human atherosclerotic plaques, and that NEIL3-deficiency enhances atherogenesis in Apoe-/- mice. Herein, we identified a time point prior to quantifiable differences in atherosclerosis between Apoe-/-Neil3-/- mice and Apoe-/- mice. Mice at this age were selected to explore the metabolic and pathophysiological processes preceding extensive atherogenesis in NEIL3-deficient mice. Untargeted metabolomic analysis of young Apoe-/-Neil3-/- mice revealed significant metabolic disturbances as compared to mice expressing NEIL3, particularly in metabolites dependent on the gut microbiota. 16S rRNA gene sequencing of fecal bacterial DNA indeed confirmed that the NEIL3-deficient mice had altered gut microbiota, as well as increased circulating levels of the bacterially derived molecule LPS. The mice were challenged with a FITC-conjugated dextran to explore gut permeability, which was significantly increased in the NEIL3-deficient mice. Further, immunohistochemistry showed increased levels of the proliferation marker Ki67 in the colonic epithelium of NEIL3-deficient mice, suggesting increased proliferation of intestinal cells and gut leakage. We suggest that these metabolic alterations serve as drivers of atherosclerosis in NEIL3-deficient mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Rune Karlsen
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Xiang Yi Kong
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sverre Holm
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ana Quiles-Jiménez
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tuva B Dahl
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Research and Development, Division of Emergencies and Critical Care, Oslo University Hospital HF, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kuan Yang
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ellen L Sagen
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tonje Skarpengland
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Section of Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jonas D S Øgaard
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kristian Holm
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Norwegian PSC Research Center, Department of Transplantation Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Beate Vestad
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Transplantation Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Maria B Olsen
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Pål Aukrust
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Section of Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Magnar Bjørås
- Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Johannes R Hov
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Transplantation Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Norwegian PSC Research Center, Department of Transplantation Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Bente Halvorsen
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Ida Gregersen
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.
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25
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Wu W, Jing D, Huang X, Yang W, Shao Z. Drp1-mediated mitochondrial fission is involved in oxidized low-density lipoprotein-induced AF cella poptosis. J Orthop Res 2021; 39:1496-1504. [PMID: 32808688 DOI: 10.1002/jor.24828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the negative effect of oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) on annulus fibrosus (AF) cells and decipher the mechanism of action of the process. After treating AF cells with various concentrations (0, 25, 50, 100, and 200 μg/mL) of oxLDL for 24 and 48 hours, their viability was evaluated using cell counting kit-8 and live/dead staining. The percentage of AF cell death was determined with Annexin V/propidium iodide apoptosis staining. The expression of proteins related to the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway was determined using Western blot. Additionally, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) were assessed with JC-1 staining and dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate ormitoSOX probes, respectively. Mitochondrial morphology was observed with a transmission electron microscope. After treatment with oxLDL, AF cell viability decreased, pro-apoptosis proteins (such as Bax, cleaved caspase-9, and cleaved caspase-3) increased, and anti-apoptosis proteins (Bcl-2) declined. Excessive ROS and diminished MMP were also detected during this process, as were enhanced mitochondrial fission and augmented Drp1 expression. Furthermore, knocking down the expression of Drp1 rescued oxLDL-induced AF cell death. Collectively, these results suggest that oxLDL induces AF cell death through a mitochondria-related pathway. Enhanced mitochondrial fission was involved in oxLDL-induced AF cell death. Targeting Drp1, a target for regulating the process of mitochondrial fission, may be a feasible strategy for preventing intervertebral disc degeneration in hyperlipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Doudou Jing
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xin Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenbo Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zengwu Shao
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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26
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Zheng Y, Haratipour P, Kashemirov BA, McKenna CE. Synthesis of 8-oxo-dGTP and its β,γ-CH 2-, β, γ-CHF-, and β, γ-CF 2- analogues. Tetrahedron Lett 2021; 67:152890. [PMID: 33716328 PMCID: PMC7951955 DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2021.152890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Three novel 8-oxo-dGTP bisphosphonate analogues of 3 in which the bridging β,γ-oxygen is replaced by a methylene, fluoromethylene or difluoromethylene group (4-6, respectively) have been synthesized from 8-oxo-dGMP 2 by reaction of its morpholine 5'-phosphoramidate 14 or preferably, its N-methylimidazole 5'-phosphoramidate 15 with n-tributylammonium salts of the appropriate bisphosphonic acids, 11-13. The latter method also provides a convenient new route to 3. Analogues 4-6 may be useful as mechanistic probes for the role of 3 in abnormal DNA replication and repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiying Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Pouya Haratipour
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Boris A. Kashemirov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Charles E. McKenna
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
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27
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Živković L, Bajić V, Čabarkapa-Pirković A, Dekanski D, Forbes-Hernández TY, Zlatković-Švenda M, Perry G, Spremo-Potparević B. Strawberry (Fragaria ananassa duch.) Alba extract attenuates DNA damage in lymphocytes of patients with Alzheimer's disease. J Food Biochem 2021; 45:e13637. [PMID: 33547659 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Increased levels of oxidative stress and oxidative DNA damage are common features in the pathology of Alzheimer's disease (AD) found in neurons and peripheral cells like peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL). Natural products such as strawberry cultivar Alba are an important source of bioactive nutrients that could help in lowering both the oxidative stress and DNA damage levels. The objective was to estimate the effects of Alba extract on DNA damage in peripheral blood lymphocytes of sporadic AD (aged 60-84 years) patients, and healthy elderly (aged 69-83 years) and young (aged 21-30 years) individuals in in vitro conditions. Comet assay was used as a sensitive technique for the evaluation of PBL DNA damage levels. Reduction of basal DNA damage level in PBL was shown in the young group after the incubation with Alba extract ranging from 25 to 200 μg/ml, with 100 μg/ml being the most effective concentration. Selected Alba extract of 100 μg/ml was further used for PBL treatment of AD and healthy elderly age matched group, displaying potential to significantly attenuate DNA damage levels in both groups (p < .05). Alba extract displayed biological activity against oxidative DNA damage, suggesting that its functional ingredients may have beneficial health effects. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: The data obtained in this preliminary study displayed that strawberry Alba extract is efficient against DNA damage induced by endogenous and exogenous oxidative stress in peripheral blood lymphocytes of Alzheimer`s disease in vitro. An active area of future research of Alba cultivar should be to determine the trials in in vivo systems. Our findings also suggest that Alba cultivar's functional ingredients potentially may have beneficial health effects in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lada Živković
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vladan Bajić
- The Laboratory for Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, Institute for Nuclear Research "Vinča", University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | | | - Tamara Yuliett Forbes-Hernández
- Nutrition and Food Science Group, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, CITACA, CACTI, University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - Mirjana Zlatković-Švenda
- Clinical Rheumatology, Institute of Rheumatology, University of Belgrade School of Medicine, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - George Perry
- College of Sciences, The University of Texas, UTSA, San Antonio, TX, USA
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28
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Kolbanovskiy M, Aharonoff A, Sales AH, Geacintov NE, Shafirovich V. Base and Nucleotide Excision Repair Pathways in DNA Plasmids Harboring Oxidatively Generated Guanine Lesions. Chem Res Toxicol 2021; 34:154-160. [PMID: 33405911 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.0c00463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The base and nucleotide excision repair pathways (BER and NER, respectively) are two major mechanisms that remove DNA lesions formed by the reactions of genotoxic intermediates with cellular DNA. We have demonstrated earlier that the oxidatively generated guanine lesions spiroiminodihydantoin (Sp) and 5-guanidinohydantoin (Gh) are excised from double-stranded DNA by competing BER and NER in whole-cell extracts [Shafirovich, V., et al. (2016) J. Biol. Chem. 321, 5309-5319]. In this work we compared the NER and BER yields with single Gh or Sp lesions embedded at the same sites in covalently closed circular pUC19NN plasmid DNA (cccDNA) and in the same but linearized form (linDNA) of this plasmid. The kinetics of the Sp and Gh BER and NER incisions were monitored in HeLa cell extracts. The yield of NER products is ∼5 times greater in covalently closed circular DNA than in the linearized form, while the BER yield is smaller by ∼20-30% depending on the guanine lesion. Control BER experiments with 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine (8-oxoG) show that the BER yield is increased by a factor of only 1.4 ± 0.2 in cccDNA relative to linDNA. These surprising differences in BER and NER activities are discussed in terms of the lack of termini in covalently closed circular DNA and the DNA lesion search dynamics of the NER DNA damage sensor XPC-RAD23B and the BER enzyme OGG1 that recognizes and excises 8-oxoG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Kolbanovskiy
- Chemistry Department, New York University, 31 Washington Place, New York, New York 10003-5180, United States
| | - Abraham Aharonoff
- Chemistry Department, New York University, 31 Washington Place, New York, New York 10003-5180, United States
| | - Ana Helena Sales
- Chemistry Department, New York University, 31 Washington Place, New York, New York 10003-5180, United States
| | - Nicholas E Geacintov
- Chemistry Department, New York University, 31 Washington Place, New York, New York 10003-5180, United States
| | - Vladimir Shafirovich
- Chemistry Department, New York University, 31 Washington Place, New York, New York 10003-5180, United States
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29
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Shi T, Dansen TB. Reactive Oxygen Species Induced p53 Activation: DNA Damage, Redox Signaling, or Both? Antioxid Redox Signal 2020; 33:839-859. [PMID: 32151151 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2020.8074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Significance: The p53 tumor suppressor has been dubbed the "guardian of genome" because of its various roles in the response to DNA damage such as DNA damage repair, cell cycle arrest, senescence, and apoptosis, all of which are in place to prevent mutations from being passed on down the lineage. Recent Advances: Reactive oxygen species (ROS), for instance hydrogen peroxide derived from mitochondrial respiration, have long been regarded mainly as a major source of cellular damage to DNA and other macromolecules. Critical Issues: More recently, ROS have been shown to also play important physiological roles as second messengers in so-called redox signaling. It is, therefore, not clear whether the observed activation of p53 by ROS is mediated through the DNA damage response, redox signaling, or both. In this review, we will discuss the similarities and differences between p53 activation in response to DNA damage and redox signaling in terms of upstream signaling and downstream transcriptional program activation. Future Directions: Understanding whether and how DNA damage and redox signaling-dependent p53 activation can be dissected could be useful to develop anti-cancer therapeutic p53-reactivation strategies that do not depend on the induction of DNA damage and the resulting additional mutational load.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Shi
- Molecular Cancer Research, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Tobias B Dansen
- Molecular Cancer Research, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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30
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Liu SB, Qiu XQ, Guo WQ, Li JL, Su Q, Du JH, Hu HJ, Wang XX, Song YH, Lou X, Xu XB. Transcriptome Analysis of FEN1 Knockdown HEK293T Cell Strain Reveals Alteration in Nucleic Acid Metabolism, Virus Infection, Cell Morphogenesis and Cancer Development. Comb Chem High Throughput Screen 2020; 22:379-386. [PMID: 31272350 DOI: 10.2174/1386207322666190704095602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
AIM AND OBJECTIVE Flap endonuclease-1 (FEN1) plays a central role in DNA replication and DNA damage repair process. In mammals, FEN1 functional sites variation is related to cancer and chronic inflammation, and supports the role of FEN1 as a tumor suppressor. However, FEN1 is overexpressed in multiple types of cancer cells and is associated with drug resistance, supporting its role as an oncogene. Hence, it is vital to explore the multi-functions of FEN1 in normal cell metabolic process. This study was undertaken to examine how the gene expression profile changes when FEN1 is downregulated in 293T cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS Using the RNA sequencing and real-time PCR approaches, the transcript expression profile of FEN1 knockdown HEK293T cells have been detected for the next step evaluation, analyzation, and validation. RESULTS Our results confirmed that FEN1 is important for cell viability. We showed that when FEN1 downregulation led to the interruption of nucleic acids related metabolisms, cell cycle related metabolisms are significantly interrupted. FEN1 may also participate in non-coding RNA processing, ribosome RNA processing, transfer RNA processing, ribosome biogenesis, virus infection and cell morphogenesis. CONCLUSION These findings provide insight into how FEN1 nuclease might regulate a wide variety of biological processes, and laid the foundation for understanding the role of other RAD2 family nucleases in cell growth and metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song-Bai Liu
- Suzhou Key Laboratory for Medical Biotechnology, Suzhou Vocational Health College, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Xiu-Qin Qiu
- Suzhou Key Laboratory for Medical Biotechnology, Suzhou Vocational Health College, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Wei-Qiang Guo
- School of Chemistry, Biology and Materials Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Jin-Li Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Qian Su
- Suzhou Key Laboratory for Medical Biotechnology, Suzhou Vocational Health College, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Jia-Hui Du
- Suzhou Key Laboratory for Medical Biotechnology, Suzhou Vocational Health College, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - He-Juan Hu
- Suzhou Key Laboratory for Medical Biotechnology, Suzhou Vocational Health College, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Xiao-Xiao Wang
- Suzhou Key Laboratory for Medical Biotechnology, Suzhou Vocational Health College, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Yao-Hua Song
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Xiao Lou
- 307 Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army,The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Xiang-Bin Xu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
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31
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Wicker CA, Takiar V, Suganya R, Arnold SM, Brill YM, Chen L, Horbinski CM, Napier D, Valentino J, Kudrimoti MR, Yu G, Izumi T. Evaluation of antioxidant network proteins as novel prognostic biomarkers for head and neck cancer patients. Oral Oncol 2020; 111:104949. [PMID: 32801084 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2020.104949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Recurrence rates for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) approach 50% at 5 years. Current staging fails to identify patients with a worse prognosis who might benefit from intensified treatment, which warrants improved prognostic biomarkers. The purpose of this retrospective case study is to identify potential prognostic biomarkers in patients with HNSCC including APE1 (DNA repair/redox gene regulator), NRF2 and PPARGC1A (redox gene regulators), SOD3 and DCN (antioxidant proteins). MATERIALS AND METHODS Differential protein expression between benign, carcinoma in situ (CIS), and invasive HNSCC tissue specimens from 77 patients was assessed using immunohistochemistry. Protein expression was analyzed with multivariate, pair-wise, and Kaplan-Meier survival analyses to identify potential prognostic biomarkers. Utilizing The Cancer Genome Atlas's transcriptome database, pair-wise and survival analysis was performed to identify potential prognostic biomarkers. RESULTS APE1, NRF2, PPARGC1A, SOD3, and DCN expression in HNSCC in relation to, lymph node invasion, and patient survival were examined. Elevated APE1 protein expression in CIS corresponded with reduced survival (p = 0.0243). Increased APE1 gene expression in stage T4a HNSCC was associated with reduced patient survival (p < 0.015). Increased PPARGC1A in invasive tumor correlated with reduced survival (p = 0.0281). Patients with lymph node invasion at diagnosis had significantly increased APE1 protein in the primary sites (p < 0.05). Patients with poorly differentiated invasive tumors had reduced PPARGC1A in CIS proximal to the invasive tumor and had elevated DCN and SOD3 in proximal benign tissue (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The expression of APE1, DCN, and SOD3 is a potential prognostic signature that identifies patients with worsened survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina A Wicker
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Vinita Takiar
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Rangaswamy Suganya
- Houston Eye Associates, Clinical Research Department, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Susanne M Arnold
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States; Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Yolanda M Brill
- Department of Pathology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States; Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Craig M Horbinski
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Dana Napier
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Joseph Valentino
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Mahesh R Kudrimoti
- Department of Radiation Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Guoqiang Yu
- F. Joseph Halcomb III M.D. Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Tadahide Izumi
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States.
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Rajapakse A, Suraweera A, Boucher D, Naqi A, O'Byrne K, Richard DJ, Croft LV. Redox Regulation in the Base Excision Repair Pathway: Old and New Players as Cancer Therapeutic Targets. Curr Med Chem 2020; 27:1901-1921. [PMID: 31258058 DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666190430092732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Revised: 02/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) are by-products of normal cellular metabolic processes, such as mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. While low levels of ROS are important signalling molecules, high levels of ROS can damage proteins, lipids and DNA. Indeed, oxidative DNA damage is the most frequent type of damage in the mammalian genome and is linked to human pathologies such as cancer and neurodegenerative disorders. Although oxidative DNA damage is cleared predominantly through the Base Excision Repair (BER) pathway, recent evidence suggests that additional pathways such as Nucleotide Excision Repair (NER) and Mismatch Repair (MMR) can also participate in clearance of these lesions. One of the most common forms of oxidative DNA damage is the base damage 8-oxoguanine (8-oxoG), which if left unrepaired may result in G:C to A:T transversions during replication, a common mutagenic feature that can lead to cellular transformation. OBJECTIVE Repair of oxidative DNA damage, including 8-oxoG base damage, involves the functional interplay between a number of proteins in a series of enzymatic reactions. This review describes the role and the redox regulation of key proteins involved in the initial stages of BER of 8-oxoG damage, namely Apurinic/Apyrimidinic Endonuclease 1 (APE1), human 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase-1 (hOGG1) and human single-stranded DNA binding protein 1 (hSSB1). Moreover, the therapeutic potential and modalities of targeting these key proteins in cancer are discussed. CONCLUSION It is becoming increasingly apparent that some DNA repair proteins function in multiple repair pathways. Inhibiting these factors would provide attractive strategies for the development of more effective cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Rajapakse
- Queensland University of Technology, Faculty of Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Cancer and Ageing Research Program, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,School of Natural Sciences, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, Australia
| | - Amila Suraweera
- Queensland University of Technology, Faculty of Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Cancer and Ageing Research Program, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Didier Boucher
- Queensland University of Technology, Faculty of Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Cancer and Ageing Research Program, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Ali Naqi
- Department of Chemistry, Pennsylvania State University, United States
| | - Kenneth O'Byrne
- Queensland University of Technology, Faculty of Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Cancer and Ageing Research Program, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Cancer Services, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Derek J Richard
- Queensland University of Technology, Faculty of Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Cancer and Ageing Research Program, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Laura V Croft
- Queensland University of Technology, Faculty of Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Cancer and Ageing Research Program, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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Kudhair BK, Alabid NN, Zayed KS, Lafta IJ, Taheri-Kafrani A. The correlation of combined OGG1, CYP1A1 and GSTP1 gene variants and risk of lung cancer of male Iraqi waterpipe tobacco smokers. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:5155-5163. [PMID: 32577993 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05589-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Genetic polymorphisms of genes whose products are responsible for activities, such as xenobiotic metabolism, mutagen detoxification and DNA-repair, have been predicted to be associated with the risk of developing lung cancer (LC). The association of LC with tobacco smoking has been extensively investigated, but no studies have focused on the Arab ethnicity. Previously, we examined the association between genetic polymorphisms among Phase I and Phase II metabolism genes and the risk of LC. Here, we extend the data by examining the correlation of OGG1 Ser326Cys combined with CYP1A1 (Ile462Val and MspI) and GSTP1 (Ile105Val and Ala103Val) polymorphisms with the risk of LC. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) and gene sequencing were carried out for genotyping the OGG1 polymorphisms of 123 LC patients and 129 controls. No significant differences in the frequencies of the OGG1 mutant allele between patients and controls were found. The distributions of heterozygous Ser/Cys or Cys/Cys genotypes of OGG1 were not associated with the risk of LC either according to the histological types of LC or based on waterpipe tobacco (WP) smoking status. In contrast, the combined effect of OGG1 variants with CYP1A1 and GSTP1 variants revealed a significant correlation with the OGG1 Ser326Cys-CYP1A1 MspI variants pairing. This association was significant (p = 0.001) in individuals who carried homozygous or heterozygous variant type genotypes of both genes in a reference with carriers of both wild-type genotypes (wt/wt - wt/wt). The odds ratios were 2.99 (95% CI 1.67-5.36), 2.68 (95% CI 1.08-6.62), and 2.80 (95% CI 1.18-6.69) for those who carried (wt/wt - wt/vt + vt/vt), (wt/vt + vt/vt - wt/wt), and (wt/vt + vt/vt - wt/vt + vt/vt), respectively. The study suggests a limited correlation is present between carrying OGG1 Ser326Cys polymorphism and the risk of developing LC in Arab populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bassam K Kudhair
- Department of Laboratory Investigations, Faculty of Science, University of Kufa, 54001, Najaf, Iraq.
| | - Noralhuda N Alabid
- Department of Urban Planning, Faculty of Physical Planning, University of Kufa, 54001, Najaf, Iraq
| | - Karrar S Zayed
- Department of Laboratory Investigations, Faculty of Science, University of Kufa, 54001, Najaf, Iraq
| | - Inam J Lafta
- Department of Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, 10071, Iraq
| | - Asghar Taheri-Kafrani
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Sciences and Technologies, University of Isfahan, 81746-73441, Isfahan, Iran
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Ikram M, Ullah R, Khan A, Kim MO. Ongoing Research on the Role of Gintonin in the Management of Neurodegenerative Disorders. Cells 2020; 9:cells9061464. [PMID: 32549286 PMCID: PMC7349707 DOI: 10.3390/cells9061464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders, namely Parkinson’s disease (PD), Huntington’s disease (HD), Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and multiple sclerosis (MS), are increasingly major health concerns due to the increasingly aged population worldwide. These conditions often share the same underlying pathological mechanisms, including elevated oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and the aggregation of proteins. Several studies have highlighted the potential to diminish the clinical outcomes of these disorders via the administration of herbal compounds, among which gintonin, a derivative of ginseng, has shown promising results. Gintonin is a noncarbohydrate/saponin that has been characterized as a lysophosphatidic acid receptor (LPA Receptor) ligand. Gintonin may cause a significant elevation in calcium levels [Ca2+]i intracellularly, which promotes calcium-mediated cellular effects via the modulation of ion channels and cell surface receptors, regulating the inflammatory effects. Years of research have suggested that gintonin has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects against different models of neurodegeneration, and these effects may be employed to tackle the neurological changes. Therefore, we collected the main scientific findings and comprehensively presented them, covering preparation, absorption, and receptor-mediated functions, including effects against Alzheimer’s disease models, Parkinson’s disease models, anxiety and depression-like models, and other neurological disorders, aiming to provide some insights for the possible usage of gintonin in the management of neurodegenerative conditions.
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35
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Maynard S, Keijzers G, Akbari M, Ezra MB, Hall A, Morevati M, Scheibye-Knudsen M, Gonzalo S, Bartek J, Bohr VA. Lamin A/C promotes DNA base excision repair. Nucleic Acids Res 2020; 47:11709-11728. [PMID: 31647095 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkz912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The A-type lamins (lamin A/C), encoded by the LMNA gene, are important structural components of the nuclear lamina. LMNA mutations lead to degenerative disorders known as laminopathies, including the premature aging disease Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome. In addition, altered lamin A/C expression is found in various cancers. Reports indicate that lamin A/C plays a role in DNA double strand break repair, but a role in DNA base excision repair (BER) has not been described. We provide evidence for reduced BER efficiency in lamin A/C-depleted cells (Lmna null MEFs and lamin A/C-knockdown U2OS). The mechanism involves impairment of the APE1 and POLβ BER activities, partly effectuated by associated reduction in poly-ADP-ribose chain formation. Also, Lmna null MEFs displayed reduced expression of several core BER enzymes (PARP1, LIG3 and POLβ). Absence of Lmna led to accumulation of 8-oxoguanine (8-oxoG) lesions, and to an increased frequency of substitution mutations induced by chronic oxidative stress including GC>TA transversions (a fingerprint of 8-oxoG:A mismatches). Collectively, our results provide novel insights into the functional interplay between the nuclear lamina and cellular defenses against oxidative DNA damage, with implications for cancer and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Maynard
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Guido Keijzers
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mansour Akbari
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michael Ben Ezra
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Arnaldur Hall
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marya Morevati
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Morten Scheibye-Knudsen
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Susana Gonzalo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University, School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63104, USA
| | - Jiri Bartek
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.,Division of Genome Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Science for Life Laboratory, Karolinska Institute, SE-17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Vilhelm A Bohr
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.,Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
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36
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Kolbanovskiy M, Shim Y, Min JH, Geacintov NE, Shafirovich V. Inhibition of Excision of Oxidatively Generated Hydantoin DNA Lesions by NEIL1 by the Competitive Binding of the Nucleotide Excision Repair Factor XPC-RAD23B. Biochemistry 2020; 59:1728-1736. [PMID: 32302101 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.0c00080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The interplay between nucleotide excision repair (NER) and base excision repair (BER) of nonbulky, oxidatively generated DNA lesions has long been a subject of significant interest. The hydantoin oxidation products of 8-oxoguanine, spiroiminodihydantoin (Sp) and 5-guanidinohydantoin (Gh), are substrates of both BER and NER in HeLa cell extracts and human cells [Shafirovich, V., et al. (2019) Chem. Res. Toxicol. 32, 753-761]. The primary factor that recognizes DNA lesions is the DNA damage-sensing factor XPC-RAD23B (XPC), while the glycosylase NEIL1 is known to remove Gh and Sp lesions from double-stranded DNA. It is shown here that in aqueous solutions containing nanomolar concentrations of proteins, XPC and NEIL1 compete for binding to 147-mer oligonucleotide duplexes that contain single Gh or Sp lesions under conditions of [protein] ≫ [DNA], thus inhibiting the rate of BER catalyzed by NEIL1. The non-covalently bound NEIL1 molecules can be displaced by XPC at concentration ratios R = [XPC]/[NEIL1] > 0.2, while full displacement of NEIL1 is observed at R ≥ 0.5. In the absence of XPC and under single-turnover conditions, only the burst phase is observable. However, with a progressive increase in the XPC concentration, the amplitude of the burst phase decreases gradually, and a slower time-dependent phase of incision product formation manifests itself with rate constants of 3.0 × 10-3 s-1 (Gh) and 0.90 × 10-3 s-1 (Sp). These slow kinetics are attributed to the dissociation of XPC-DNA complexes that allow for the rebinding of NEIL1 to the temporarily exposed Gh or Sp lesions, and the incisions observed under these steady-state conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Kolbanovskiy
- Chemistry Department, New York University, 31 Washington Place, New York, New York 10003-5180, United States
| | - Yoonjung Shim
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Jung-Hyun Min
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, Waco, Texas 76798, United States
| | - Nicholas E Geacintov
- Chemistry Department, New York University, 31 Washington Place, New York, New York 10003-5180, United States
| | - Vladimir Shafirovich
- Chemistry Department, New York University, 31 Washington Place, New York, New York 10003-5180, United States
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37
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Towarnicki SG, Kok LM, Ballard JWO. Yin and Yang of mitochondrial ROS in Drosophila. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 122:104022. [PMID: 32045573 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2020.104022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we test the hypothesis that Drosophila larvae producing mildly elevated levels of endogenous mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) benefit in stressful environmental conditions due to the priming of antioxidant responses. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced as a by-product of oxidative phosphorylation and may be elevated when mutations decrease the efficiency of ATP production. In moderation, ROS are necessary for cell signaling and organismal health, but in excess can damage DNA, proteins, and lipids. We utilize two Drosophila melanogaster strains (Dahomey and Alstonville) that share the same nuclear genetic background but differ in their mitochondrial DNA haplotypes. Previously, we reported that Dahomey larvae harboring the V161L ND4 mtDNA mutation have reduced proton pumping and higher levels of mitochondrial ROS than Alstonville larvae when they are fed a 1:2 protein: carbohydrate (P:C) diet. Here, we explore the potential for mitochondrial ROS to provide resistance to dietary stressors by feeding larvae 1:2 P:C food supplemented with ethanol or hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). When fed a diet supplemented with ethanol or H2O2, Dahomey develop more quickly than Alstonville into larger pupae, while Alstonville developed faster on the control. Dahomey larvae displayed higher antioxidant capacity than Alstonville on all diets, with mitochondrial H2O2 levels unchanged after the addition of stressors. Addition of stressors to the diet did not affect the mitochondrial functions of Dahomey larvae as measured by mitochondrial membrane potential, respiratory control ratio, or larval survival after bacterial challenge. In contrast, Alstonville larvae developed slower, had lower pupal weight, higher cytosolic H2O2, and had reduced mitochondrial functions. Further, Alstonville larvae fed the ethanol treated diet had lower survival after bacterial infection than those fed the control diet. Surprisingly, they had greater survival when fed diet with H2O2 indicating a mitotype by stressor interaction that influences the immune response. Overall, these data suggest that elevated mitochondrial ROS in Dahomey can result in greater antioxidant capacity that prevents oxidative damage from exogenous stressors and may be a conserved response to high ethanol found in rotting fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel G Towarnicki
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
| | - Leanne M Kok
- Saxion University of Applied Sciences Maarten Harpertszoon Tromplaan 28, 7513 AB Enschede, The Netherlands.
| | - J William O Ballard
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
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38
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Darband SG, Sadighparvar S, Yousefi B, Kaviani M, Ghaderi-Pakdel F, Mihanfar A, Rahimi Y, Mobaraki K, Majidinia M. Quercetin attenuated oxidative DNA damage through NRF2 signaling pathway in rats with DMH induced colon carcinogenesis. Life Sci 2020; 253:117584. [PMID: 32220623 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2019] [Revised: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating recent studies have demonstrated the preventive and therapeutic effects of polyphonic compounds such as quercetin in colorectal cancer. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the underlying mechanisms for positive effects of quercetin in rats with 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH)- induced colorectal cancer. For this purpose, male Wistar rats were classified as 6 groups, including group 1 without any intervention, group 2 as quercetin received rats (50 mg/kg), groups 3 as DMH received rats (20 mg/kg) group 4-6 DMH and quercetin received rats. DNA damage, DNA repair, the expression levels and activities of enzymic antioxidants, non-enzymic antioxidants, and NRF2/Keap1 signaling were evaluated in colon tissues of all groups. Our results showed significant suppression of DNA damage and induction of DNA repair in DMH + Quercetin groups, particularly in entire-period in comparison to other groups (p < .05). The expression levels and activities of enzymic and non-enzymic antioxidants were increased in DMH + Quercetin groups (p < .05). Lipid and protein peroxidation were significantly suppressed in DMH + Quercetin groups (p < .05). In addition, quercetin also modulated NRF2/Keap1 signaling and its targets, detoxifying enzymes in DMH + Quercetin groups. Our finding demonstrated that quercetin supplementation effectively reversed DMH-mediated oxidative stress and DNA damage through targeting NRF2/Keap1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saber Ghazizadeh Darband
- Student Research Community, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran; Neurophysiology Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Shirin Sadighparvar
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Bahman Yousefi
- Immunology research center, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Kaviani
- School of Nutrition and Dietetics, Acadia University, Wolfville, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | | | - Ainaz Mihanfar
- Department of Biochemistry, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Yaghoub Rahimi
- Cellular and Molecular Medicine Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Kazhal Mobaraki
- Solid Tumor Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Maryam Majidinia
- Solid Tumor Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
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Kaur R, Nikkel DJ, Wetmore SD. Computational studies of DNA repair: Insights into the function of monofunctional DNA glycosylases in the base excision repair pathway. WIRES COMPUTATIONAL MOLECULAR SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/wcms.1471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rajwinder Kaur
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Lethbridge Lethbridge Alberta Canada
| | - Dylan J. Nikkel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Lethbridge Lethbridge Alberta Canada
| | - Stacey D. Wetmore
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Lethbridge Lethbridge Alberta Canada
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40
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Parada H, McDonald E, Bellettiere J, Evenson KR, LaMonte MJ, LaCroix AZ. Associations of accelerometer-measured physical activity and physical activity-related cancer incidence in older women: results from the WHI OPACH Study. Br J Cancer 2020; 122:1409-1416. [PMID: 32139875 PMCID: PMC7188876 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-020-0753-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We examined the associations between accelerometry-measured physical activity (PA) and incidence of 13 cancers among a cohort of postmenopausal women. Methods In this prospective study, 6382 women wore ActiGraph GT3X+ accelerometers at the hip for up to 7 days during 2012–2013, and were followed over a median of 4.7 years for diagnosis of 13 invasive cancers. Calibrated intensity cut points were used to define minutes per day of total, light and moderate-to-vigorous PA. We used multivariable Cox regression to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for tertiles, and one-standard deviation (SD) unit increments of PA exposures in relation to cancer incidence. We examined effect measure modification by age, race/ethnicity, body mass index and smoking history. Results The highest (vs. lowest) tertiles of total, light and moderate-to-vigorous PA were associated with covariate-adjusted HRs of 0.72 (95% CI = 0.53–0.97), 0.81 (95% CI = 0.60–1.09) and 0.66 (95% CI = 0.48–0.91), respectively. In age-stratified analyses, HRs for total PA were lower among women <80 years (HRper one-SD = 0.75, 95% CI = 0.63–0.90) than among women ≥80 years (HRper one-SD = 0.99, 95% CI = 0.82–1.18) (PInteraction = 0.03). Race/ethnicity, BMI and smoking did not strongly modify these associations. Conclusions Engaging in physical activity may play a beneficial role in the prevention of certain cancers in older women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Humberto Parada
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA. .,Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| | - Emily McDonald
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - John Bellettiere
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Kelly R Evenson
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Michael J LaMonte
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Andrea Z LaCroix
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
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NRF2-driven redox metabolism takes center stage in cancer metabolism from an outside-in perspective. Arch Pharm Res 2020; 43:321-336. [PMID: 32130657 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-020-01224-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cancer development is a process of somatic clonal evolution. Darwinian principles of evolution emphasize the interaction between heritable individual variability and selective pressure from the environment. However, the current prevailing concept of cancer evolution mostly focuses on the alterations of genes, signaling, and metabolism inside cells, which underestimates the impact of environmental pressure in selecting the adapted cells. Recently, unsuccessful outcomes and many concerns raised in targeting those alterations inside cells have cast doubt on the current "cell-centric" paradigm of cancer formation, which necessitates a paradigm shift to an outside-in direction that considers environmental changes as a driver in determining the characteristics of selected cells. In the tumor microenvironment, reactive oxygen species (ROS) are one of the most abundant chemical constituents generated by inflammatory and hypoxic conditions. Because of their cytotoxicity when present at high levels, ROS should be the pressure that selects cells with a high capacity for ROS metabolism and antioxidant defense, both of which are referred to as redox metabolism. Cancer genome analyses have found that nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (NRF2), which plays an indispensable role in redox metabolism, is frequently activated in many types of cancer, particularly lung cancer. This suggests that an ROS-rich microenvironment drives the selection, survival, and growth of cells with high NRF2 activity. Thus, NRF2-driven redox metabolism should be the most crucial part of cancer metabolism, proposing NRF2 inhibitor as an attractive therapeutic target for cancer.
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42
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Karsili TNV, Marchetti B. Oxidative Addition of Singlet Oxygen to Model Building Blocks of the Aerucyclamide A Peptide: A First-Principles Approach. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:498-504. [PMID: 31877042 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b10285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Singlet oxygen (1O2) is a significant source of biodamage in living organisms. 1O2 is a highly reactive excited electronic-state spin-configuration of molecular oxygen and is usually prepared via organic molecule sensitization. Despite the wealth of experimental studies on the 1O2-induced oxidation of several bio-organic molecules, the detailed mechanism of the oxidation process is largely unknown. Using high-level quantum chemical methods, we compute the potential energy profiles of the various electronic states associated with the [4 + 2]-cycloaddition reaction of O2 with a class of model peptide precursors that are based on derivatives of oxazole and thiazole. Experiments have shown that such oxazole/thiazole-based model peptides show a favorable reaction with 1O2. Upon increasing the molecular complexity, the bimolecular rate constant decreases and is attributed to the π-perturbing effects of the substituent of the oxazole/thiazole moiety. Our theoretical predictions are in excellent agreement with the experimental measurements and reveal a deep insight into the myriad electronic states that may hinder/promote the reaction of a given bio-organic molecule with 1O2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tolga N V Karsili
- University of Louisiana at Lafayette , Lafayette , Louisiana 70504 , United States
| | - Barbara Marchetti
- University of Louisiana at Lafayette , Lafayette , Louisiana 70504 , United States
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43
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Jaiswal AS, Williamson EA, Srinivasan G, Kong K, Lomelino CL, McKenna R, Walter C, Sung P, Narayan S, Hromas R. The splicing component ISY1 regulates APE1 in base excision repair. DNA Repair (Amst) 2019; 86:102769. [PMID: 31887540 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2019.102769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The integrity of cellular genome is continuously challenged by endogenous and exogenous DNA damaging agents. If DNA damage is not removed in a timely fashion the replisome may stall at DNA lesions, causing fork collapse and genetic instability. Base excision DNA repair (BER) is the most important pathway for the removal of oxidized or mono-alkylated DNA. While the main components of the BER pathway are well defined, its regulatory mechanism is not yet understood. We report here that the splicing factor ISY1 enhances apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 (APE1) activity, the multifunctional enzyme in BER, by promoting its 5'-3' endonuclease activity. ISY1 expression is induced by oxidative damage, which would provide an immediate up-regulation of APE1 activity in vivo and enhance BER of oxidized bases. We further found that APE1 and ISY1 interact, and ISY1 enhances the ability of APE1 to recognize abasic sites in DNA. Using purified recombinant proteins, we reconstituted BER and demonstrated that ISY1 markedly promoted APE1 activity in both the short- and long-patch BER pathways. Our study identified ISY1 as a regulator of the BER pathway, which would be of physiological relevance where suboptimal levels of APE1 are present. The interaction of ISY1 and APE1 also establishes a connection between DNA damage repair and pre-mRNA splicing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aruna S Jaiswal
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229 United States.
| | - Elizabeth A Williamson
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229 United States
| | - Gayathri Srinivasan
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229 United States
| | - Kimi Kong
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229 United States
| | - Carrie L Lomelino
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida Health, Gainesville, FL 32610 United States
| | - Robert McKenna
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida Health, Gainesville, FL 32610 United States
| | - Christi Walter
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229 United States
| | - Patrick Sung
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520 San Antonio, TX 78229 United States
| | - Satya Narayan
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610 United States
| | - Robert Hromas
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229 United States.
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Raimondi V, Ciccarese F, Ciminale V. Oncogenic pathways and the electron transport chain: a dangeROS liaison. Br J Cancer 2019; 122:168-181. [PMID: 31819197 PMCID: PMC7052168 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-019-0651-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Driver mutations in oncogenic pathways, rewiring of cellular metabolism and altered ROS homoeostasis are intimately connected hallmarks of cancer. Electrons derived from different metabolic processes are channelled into the mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) to fuel the oxidative phosphorylation process. Electrons leaking from the ETC can prematurely react with oxygen, resulting in the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Several signalling pathways are affected by ROS, which act as second messengers controlling cell proliferation and survival. On the other hand, oncogenic pathways hijack the ETC, enhancing its ROS-producing capacity by increasing electron flow or by impinging on the structure and organisation of the ETC. In this review, we focus on the ETC as a source of ROS and its modulation by oncogenic pathways, which generates a vicious cycle that resets ROS levels to a higher homoeostatic set point, sustaining the cancer cell phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Vincenzo Ciminale
- Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV - IRCCS, Padua, Italy. .,Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.
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Antigenotoxic Effects of Biochaga and Dihydroquercetin (Taxifolin) on H 2O 2-Induced DNA Damage in Human Whole Blood Cells. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:5039372. [PMID: 31814882 PMCID: PMC6878777 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5039372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The health benefits of natural products have long been recognized. Consumption of dietary compounds such as supplements provides an alternative source of natural products to those obtained from the diet. There is a growing concern regarding the possible side effects of using different food supplements simultaneously, since their possible interactions are less known. For the first time, we have tested genotoxic and antigenotoxic effects of Biochaga, in combination with dihydroquercetin. No genotoxic effect on whole blood cells was observed within individual treatment of Biochaga (250 μg/mL, 500 μg/mL and 1000 μg/mL) and dihydroquercetin (100 μg/mL, 250 μg/mL and 500 μg/mL), nor in combination. Afterwards, antigenotoxic potency of both supplements against hydrogen peroxide- (H2O2-) induced DNA damage to whole blood cells (WBC) was assessed, using the comet assay. Biochaga and dihydroquercetin displayed a strong potential to attenuate H2O2-induced damage on DNA in cells at all tested concentrations, with a statistical significance (p < 0.05), whereas Biochaga at the dose of 500 μg/mL in combination with dihydroquercetin 500 μg/mL was most prominent. Biochaga in combination with dihydroquercetin is able to protect genomic material from oxidative damage induced by hydrogen peroxide in vitro.
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46
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Dock A, Linders J, David M, Gollasch S, David J. Is human health sufficiently protected from chemicals discharged with treated ballast water from vessels worldwide? - A decadal perspective and risk assessment. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 235:194-204. [PMID: 31255760 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.06.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Ballast water managements systems (BWMS) installed on vessels may use active substances to inactivate organisms. This paper provides new insights in the global issue of noxious disinfection by-products (DBP) discharge with ballast water, and the related risk assessment for human health. The GESAMP ballast water working group plays a role in the certification process of BWMS that make use of active substances evaluating potential negative effects. We analyzed all BWMS that passed GESAMP final approval over a decade until 2017 providing an overview of chemicals in the discharged ballast water generated by BWMS. We used these data to calculate the chemical load humans may be exposed to for two different commercial ports (Koper, Slovenia and Hamburg, Germany). None of the chemicals in this study reached levels of concern that would indicate a risk for humans after exposure to chemicals present in the discharged ballast water. Nevertheless, although this exposure only adds to a lesser degree to the overall exposure to disinfection by-products, some chemicals, such as tribromomethane, have carcinogenic properties. In case studies we show which chemicals have the largest contribution to the aggregated exposure of humans. We note that tribromomethane, despite its low bio-concentration factor (BCF), may accumulate in fat, when fish are continuously exposed to DBPs during low-level chlorination. Since this figure would give a higher value for the internal dose for tribromomethane from seafood consumption than the current BCF in the GISIS database, the calculated value may underestimate the contribution of tribromomethane, and possibly also other DBPs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jan Linders
- De Waag 24, 3823, GE Amersfoort, the Netherlands.
| | - Matej David
- Dr. Matej David Consult, Korte 13e, 6310, Izola, Slovenia; Faculty of Maritime Studies, University of Rijeka, Croatia.
| | | | - Jan David
- Dr. Matej David Consult, Korte 13e, 6310, Izola, Slovenia.
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Wu Y, Konaté MM, Lu J, Makhlouf H, Chuaqui R, Antony S, Meitzler JL, Difilippantonio MJ, Liu H, Juhasz A, Jiang G, Dahan I, Roy K, Doroshow JH. IL-4 and IL-17A Cooperatively Promote Hydrogen Peroxide Production, Oxidative DNA Damage, and Upregulation of Dual Oxidase 2 in Human Colon and Pancreatic Cancer Cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 203:2532-2544. [PMID: 31548328 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1800469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Dual oxidase 2 (DUOX2) generates H2O2 that plays a critical role in both host defense and chronic inflammation. Previously, we demonstrated that the proinflammatory mediators IFN-γ and LPS enhance expression of DUOX2 and its maturation factor DUOXA2 through STAT1- and NF-κB‒mediated signaling in human pancreatic cancer cells. Using a panel of colon and pancreatic cancer cell lines, we now report the induction of DUOX2/DUOXA2 mRNA and protein expression by the TH2 cytokine IL-4. IL-4 activated STAT6 signaling that, when silenced, significantly decreased induction of DUOX2. Furthermore, the TH17 cytokine IL-17A combined synergistically with IL-4 to increase DUOX2 expression in both colon and pancreatic cancer cells mediated, at least in part, by signaling through NF-κB. The upregulation of DUOX2 was associated with a significant increase in the production of extracellular H2O2 and DNA damage-as indicated by the accumulation of 8-oxo-dG and γH2AX-which was suppressed by the NADPH oxidase inhibitor diphenylene iodonium and a DUOX2-specific small interfering RNA. The clinical relevance of these experiments is suggested by immunohistochemical, microarray, and quantitative RT-PCR studies of human colon and pancreatic tumors demonstrating significantly higher DUOX2, IL-4R, and IL-17RA expression in tumors than in adjacent normal tissues; in pancreatic adenocarcinoma, increased DUOX2 expression is adversely associated with overall patient survival. These data suggest a functional association between DUOX2-mediated H2O2 production and induced DNA damage in gastrointestinal malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongzhong Wu
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892; and
| | - Mariam M Konaté
- Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Jiamo Lu
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892; and
| | - Hala Makhlouf
- Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Rodrigo Chuaqui
- Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Smitha Antony
- Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Jennifer L Meitzler
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892; and
| | - Michael J Difilippantonio
- Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Han Liu
- Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Agnes Juhasz
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892; and
| | - Guojian Jiang
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892; and
| | - Iris Dahan
- Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Krishnendu Roy
- Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - James H Doroshow
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892; and .,Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
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48
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Nickel Carcinogenesis Mechanism: DNA Damage. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20194690. [PMID: 31546657 PMCID: PMC6802009 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20194690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 09/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Nickel (Ni) is known to be a major carcinogenic heavy metal. Occupational and environmental exposure to Ni has been implicated in human lung and nasal cancers. Currently, the molecular mechanisms of Ni carcinogenicity remain unclear, but studies have shown that Ni-caused DNA damage is an important carcinogenic mechanism. Therefore, we conducted a literature search of DNA damage associated with Ni exposure and summarized known Ni-caused DNA damage effects. In vitro and vivo studies demonstrated that Ni can induce DNA damage through direct DNA binding and reactive oxygen species (ROS) stimulation. Ni can also repress the DNA damage repair systems, including direct reversal, nucleotide repair (NER), base excision repair (BER), mismatch repair (MMR), homologous-recombination repair (HR), and nonhomologous end-joining (NHEJ) repair pathways. The repression of DNA repair is through direct enzyme inhibition and the downregulation of DNA repair molecule expression. Up to now, the exact mechanisms of DNA damage caused by Ni and Ni compounds remain unclear. Revealing the mechanisms of DNA damage from Ni exposure may contribute to the development of preventive strategies in Ni carcinogenicity.
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49
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Al Khatib I, Shutt TE. Advances Towards Therapeutic Approaches for mtDNA Disease. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1158:217-246. [PMID: 31452143 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-8367-0_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria maintain and express their own genome, referred to as mtDNA, which is required for proper mitochondrial function. While mutations in mtDNA can cause a heterogeneous array of disease phenotypes, there is currently no cure for this collection of diseases. Here, we will cover characteristics of the mitochondrial genome important for understanding the pathology associated with mtDNA mutations, and review recent approaches that are being developed to treat and prevent mtDNA disease. First, we will discuss mitochondrial replacement therapy (MRT), where mitochondria from a healthy donor replace maternal mitochondria harbouring mutant mtDNA. In addition to ethical concerns surrounding this procedure, MRT is only applicable in cases where the mother is known or suspected to carry mtDNA mutations. Thus, there remains a need for other strategies to treat patients with mtDNA disease. To this end, we will also discuss several alternative means to reduce the amount of mutant mtDNA present in cells. Such methods, referred to as heteroplasmy shifting, have proven successful in animal models. In particular, we will focus on the approach of targeting engineered endonucleases to specifically cleave mutant mtDNA. Together, these approaches offer hope to prevent the transmission of mtDNA disease and potentially reduce the impact of mtDNA mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iman Al Khatib
- Deparments of Medical Genetics and Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Timothy E Shutt
- Deparments of Medical Genetics and Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
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50
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Lebelo MT, Joubert AM, Visagie MH. Warburg effect and its role in tumourigenesis. Arch Pharm Res 2019; 42:833-847. [PMID: 31473944 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-019-01185-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Glucose is a crucial molecule in energy production and produces different end products in non-tumourigenic- and tumourigenic tissue metabolism. Tumourigenic cells oxidise glucose by fermentation and generate lactate and adenosine triphosphate even in the presence of oxygen (Warburg effect). The Na+/H+-antiporter is upregulated in tumourigenic cells resulting in release of lactate- and H+ ions into the extracellular space. Accumulation of lactate- and proton ions in the extracellular space results in an acidic environment that promotes invasion and metastasis. Otto Warburg reported that tumourigenic cells have defective mitochondria that produce less energy. However, decades later it became evident that these mitochondria have adapted with alterations in mitochondrial content, structure, function and activity. Mitochondrial biogenesis and mitophagy regulate the formation of new mitochondria and degradation of defective mitochondria in order to combat accumulation of mutagenic mitochondrial deoxyribonucleic acid. Tumourigenic cells also produce increase reactive oxygen species (ROS) resulting from upregulated glycolysis leading to pathogenesis including cancer. Moderate ROS levels exert proliferative- and prosurvival signaling, while high ROS quantities induce cell death. Understanding the crosstalk between aberrant metabolism, redox regulation, mitochondrial adaptions and pH regulation provides scientific- and medical communities with new opportunities to explore cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maphuti T Lebelo
- Department of Physiology, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X323, Arcadia, Pretoria, 0007, South Africa
| | - Anna M Joubert
- Department of Physiology, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X323, Arcadia, Pretoria, 0007, South Africa
| | - Michelle H Visagie
- Department of Physiology, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X323, Arcadia, Pretoria, 0007, South Africa.
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