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Chen S, Srinivasan G, Jaiswal A, Williamson EA, Li L, Arris D, Zhou D, Xu M, Hromas R. MiR-223-3p promotes genomic stability of hematopoietic progenitors after radiation. Exp Hematol 2024; 129:104123. [PMID: 37875176 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2023.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
When hematopoietic cells are overwhelmed with ionizing radiation (IR) DNA damage, the alternative non-homologous end-joining (aNHEJ) repair pathway is activated to repair stressed replication forks. While aNHEJ can rescue cells overwhelmed with DNA damage, it can also mediate chromosomal deletions and fusions, which can cause mis-segregation in mitosis and resultant aneuploidy. We previously reported that a hematopoietic microRNA, miR-223-3p, normally represses aNHEJ. We found that miR-223-/- mice have increased survival of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) after sublethal IR. However, this came at the cost of significantly more genomic aberrancies, with miR-223-/- hematopoietic progenitors having increased metaphase aberrancies, including chromothripsis, and increased sequence abnormalities, especially deletions, which is consistent with aNHEJ. These data imply that when an HSPC is faced with substantial DNA damage, it may trade genomic damage for its own survival by choosing the aNHEJ repair pathway, and this choice is regulated in part by miR-223-3p.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Chen
- Department of Molecular Medicine and the Mays Cancer Center, the University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Gayathri Srinivasan
- Department of Medicine and the Mays Cancer Center, the University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Aruna Jaiswal
- Department of Medicine and the Mays Cancer Center, the University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Williamson
- Department of Medicine and the Mays Cancer Center, the University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Lingxiao Li
- Department of Molecular Medicine and the Mays Cancer Center, the University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Dominic Arris
- Department of Medicine and the Mays Cancer Center, the University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Daohong Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology and the Mays Cancer Center, the University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Mingjiang Xu
- Department of Molecular Medicine and the Mays Cancer Center, the University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.
| | - Robert Hromas
- Department of Medicine and the Mays Cancer Center, the University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.
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Nickoloff JA, Jaiswal AS, Sharma N, Williamson EA, Tran MT, Arris D, Yang M, Hromas R. Cellular Responses to Widespread DNA Replication Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16903. [PMID: 38069223 PMCID: PMC10707325 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Replicative DNA polymerases are blocked by nearly all types of DNA damage. The resulting DNA replication stress threatens genome stability. DNA replication stress is also caused by depletion of nucleotide pools, DNA polymerase inhibitors, and DNA sequences or structures that are difficult to replicate. Replication stress triggers complex cellular responses that include cell cycle arrest, replication fork collapse to one-ended DNA double-strand breaks, induction of DNA repair, and programmed cell death after excessive damage. Replication stress caused by specific structures (e.g., G-rich sequences that form G-quadruplexes) is localized but occurs during the S phase of every cell division. This review focuses on cellular responses to widespread stress such as that caused by random DNA damage, DNA polymerase inhibition/nucleotide pool depletion, and R-loops. Another form of global replication stress is seen in cancer cells and is termed oncogenic stress, reflecting dysregulated replication origin firing and/or replication fork progression. Replication stress responses are often dysregulated in cancer cells, and this too contributes to ongoing genome instability that can drive cancer progression. Nucleases play critical roles in replication stress responses, including MUS81, EEPD1, Metnase, CtIP, MRE11, EXO1, DNA2-BLM, SLX1-SLX4, XPF-ERCC1-SLX4, Artemis, XPG, FEN1, and TATDN2. Several of these nucleases cleave branched DNA structures at stressed replication forks to promote repair and restart of these forks. We recently defined roles for EEPD1 in restarting stressed replication forks after oxidative DNA damage, and for TATDN2 in mitigating replication stress caused by R-loop accumulation in BRCA1-defective cells. We also discuss how insights into biological responses to genome-wide replication stress can inform novel cancer treatment strategies that exploit synthetic lethal relationships among replication stress response factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jac A. Nickoloff
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Ft. Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Aruna S. Jaiswal
- Department of Medicine and the Mays Cancer Center, The University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; (A.S.J.); (M.T.T.); (R.H.)
| | - Neelam Sharma
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Ft. Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Elizabeth A. Williamson
- Department of Medicine and the Mays Cancer Center, The University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; (A.S.J.); (M.T.T.); (R.H.)
| | - Manh T. Tran
- Department of Medicine and the Mays Cancer Center, The University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; (A.S.J.); (M.T.T.); (R.H.)
| | - Dominic Arris
- Department of Medicine and the Mays Cancer Center, The University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; (A.S.J.); (M.T.T.); (R.H.)
| | - Ming Yang
- Department of Medicine and the Mays Cancer Center, The University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; (A.S.J.); (M.T.T.); (R.H.)
| | - Robert Hromas
- Department of Medicine and the Mays Cancer Center, The University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; (A.S.J.); (M.T.T.); (R.H.)
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Iyer N, Kahlenberg SM, Williamson EA, Kyungu J, Syaluha EK, Mbeke JK, de Merode E, Caillaud D. Viability analysis for population reinforcement of Grauer's gorillas at Mount Tshiaberimu, Democratic Republic of the Congo. J Wildl Manage 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/jwmg.22384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Neetha Iyer
- Department of Anthropology, 328 Young Hall, One Shields Avenue University of California Davis CA 95616 USA
| | - Sonya M. Kahlenberg
- Kasiisi Project 1 Carley Road Lexington MA 02421 USA
- Gorilla Rehabilitation and Conservation Education (GRACE) Center, Kasugho, North Kivu, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | | | - Jean‐Claude Kyungu
- Institut Congolais pour la Conservation de la Nature, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Eddy K. Syaluha
- Gorilla Doctors (MGVP, Inc.), Karen C. Drayer Wildlife Health Center University of California Davis CA 95616 USA
| | - Jackson K. Mbeke
- Gorilla Rehabilitation and Conservation Education (GRACE) Center, Kasugho, North Kivu, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Emmanuel de Merode
- Institut Congolais pour la Conservation de la Nature, Goma, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Damien Caillaud
- Department of Anthropology, 328 Young Hall, One Shields Avenue University of California Davis CA 95616 USA
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Abstract
The mammalian cell genome is continuously exposed to endogenous and exogenous insults that modify its DNA. These modifications can be single-base lesions, bulky DNA adducts, base dimers, base alkylation, cytosine deamination, nitrosation, or other types of base alteration which interfere with DNA replication. Mammalian cells have evolved with a robust defense mechanism to repair these base modifications (damages) to preserve genomic stability. Base excision repair (BER) is the major defense mechanism for cells to remove these oxidative or alkylated single-base modifications. The base excision repair process involves replacement of a single-nucleotide residue by two sub-pathways, the single-nucleotide (SN) and the multi-nucleotide or long-patch (LP) base excision repair pathways. These reactions have been reproduced in vitro using cell free extracts or purified recombinant proteins involved in the base excision repair pathway. In the present chapter, we describe the detailed methodology to reconstitute base excision repair assay systems. These reconstitutive BER assay systems use artificially synthesized and modified DNA. These reconstitutive assay system will be a true representation of biologically occurring damages and their repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aruna S Jaiswal
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine and the Mays Cancer Center, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA.
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA.
| | - Elizabeth A Williamson
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine and the Mays Cancer Center, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Arunima S Jaiswal
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine and the Mays Cancer Center, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Kimi Kong
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine and the Mays Cancer Center, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Robert A Hromas
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine and the Mays Cancer Center, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
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Jaiswal A, Jaiswal A, Williamson EA, Gelfond J, Zheng G, Zhou D, Hromas R. Resistance to the BCL-XL degrader DT2216 in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia is rare and correlates with decreased BCL-XL proteolysis. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2023; 91:89-95. [PMID: 36346454 PMCID: PMC10405225 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-022-04490-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The BCL-2 family of anti-apoptotic proteins, BCL-2, BCL-XL and MCL-1, can mediate survival of some types of cancer. DT2216 is a PROteolysis-TArgeting Chimera (PROTAC) that degrades BCL-XL specifically and is in phase 1 trials. We sought to define the frequency and mechanism of resistance to DT2216 in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) cell lines. METHODS We measured cell survival and protein levels of BCL-XL, BCL-2, MCL-1 and the pro-apoptotic BIM in 13 distinct T-ALL cell lines after exposure to varying concentrations of DT2216. RESULTS We identified concentrations of DT2216 which were cytotoxic to each T-ALL cell line. These concentrations have no correlation with the initial protein levels of BCL-XL, BCL-2, MCL-1 or BIM in each cell line. However, there was a correlation between survival to DT2216 and the efficiency of degradation of BCL-XL by DT2216. Only one cell line, SUP-T1, had significant resistance to DT2216, defined as an IC50 above what is achievable in murine tumors in vivo. CONCLUSION Resistance to DT2216 is rare in a wide variety of T-ALL cells but when it occurs is correlated with decreased BCL-XL degradation. Resistance to DT2216 in T-ALL is not predicted by initial BCL-XL or BIM protein levels, or BCL-2 or MCL-1 levels before or after treatment. These data imply that a phase 2 clinical trial of DT2216 in T-ALL should be widely available and not limited to a subset of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arunima Jaiswal
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine and the Mays Cancer Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Aruna Jaiswal
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine and the Mays Cancer Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Williamson
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine and the Mays Cancer Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Jonathon Gelfond
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Population Health Science, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Guangrong Zheng
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Daohong Zhou
- Center for Innovative Drug Development and the Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Robert Hromas
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine and the Mays Cancer Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA.
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6
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Hromas R, Srinivasan G, Yang M, Jaiswal A, Totterdale TA, Phillips L, Kirby A, Khodayari N, Brantley M, Williamson EA, Kong KY. BRCA1 mediates protein homeostasis through ubiquitination of PERK and IRE1. iScience 2022; 25:105626. [DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Reuter KE, Andriantsaralaza S, Hansen MF, LaFleur M, Jerusalinsky L, Louis EE, Ratzimbazafy J, Williamson EA, Mittermeier RA. Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Primate Research and Conservation. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12091214. [PMID: 35565640 PMCID: PMC9099823 DOI: 10.3390/ani12091214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has made it harder to effectively protect and manage biodiversity, and this could make it more difficult for countries to show progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Here, we surveyed experts in early 2022 from 30 countries to collect data on the impacts of COVID-19 on non-human primate research and conservation initiatives. Of the 93 experts that responded to our survey, we found that 39% had not been able to visit any of their field sites since March 2020 and only one out of ten had managed to achieve at least 76–100% of their planned primate-related work since March 2020. Six out of ten respondents (61%) felt that primate conservation efforts in protected areas were worse than before the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic and one-third (33%) felt hunting was happening more frequently than before. This study provides evidence of the impacts of COVID-19 on progress towards achieving SDG15 (Life on Land) and provides practical lessons learned for biodiversity conservation efforts moving forward. Abstract There is evidence to suggest that the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic may hamper our achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Here, we use non-human primates as a case study to examine the impacts of COVID-19 on the ability to achieve biodiversity conservation and management sustainability targets. We collected data through a survey of members of the IUCN SSC Primate Specialist Group from January to March 2022. Of the 93 experts that responded to our survey, we found that 39% had not been able to visit any of their field sites since March 2020, 54% said they had less funding available for their primate-related work, and only one out of ten said they had managed to achieve at least 76–100% of their planned primate-related work since March 2020. Six out of ten respondents (61%) felt that primate conservation efforts in protected areas were worse than before the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic and one-third (33%) felt hunting was happening more frequently than before. This study provides evidence of the impacts of COVID-19 on progress towards achieving the SDGs, and provides practical lessons learned for biodiversity conservation efforts moving forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim E. Reuter
- Lemur Love, San Diego, CA 92122, USA
- College of Arts and Sciences, University of San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
- Correspondence:
| | | | - Malene Friis Hansen
- IUCN SSC Primate Specialist Group Executive Committee, c/o Re:wild, Austin, TX 78767, USA
- The Long-Tailed Macaque Project, 5000 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Behavioural Ecology Group, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- School of Social Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford OX3 0PB, UK
| | - Marni LaFleur
- Lemur Love, San Diego, CA 92122, USA
- College of Arts and Sciences, University of San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Leandro Jerusalinsky
- IUCN SSC Primate Specialist Group Executive Committee, c/o Re:wild, Austin, TX 78767, USA
- Centro Nacional de Pesquisa e Conservação de Primatas Brasileiros, Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade (ICMBio/CPB), Cabedelo 58010-480, Brazil
| | - Edward E. Louis
- Center for Conservation and Research, Omaha’s Henry Doorly Zoo and Aquarium, Omaha, NE 68107, USA
| | - Jonah Ratzimbazafy
- IUCN SSC Primate Specialist Group Executive Committee, c/o Re:wild, Austin, TX 78767, USA
- Groupe D’étude et de Recherche Sur Les Primates (GERP), Antananarivo 101, Madagascar
| | - Elizabeth A. Williamson
- IUCN SSC Primate Specialist Group Executive Committee, c/o Re:wild, Austin, TX 78767, USA
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, UK
| | - Russell A. Mittermeier
- IUCN SSC Primate Specialist Group Executive Committee, c/o Re:wild, Austin, TX 78767, USA
- Re:wild, Austin, TX 78767, USA
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Marsh CJ, Sica YV, Burgin CJ, Dorman WA, Anderson RC, del Toro Mijares I, Vigneron JG, Barve V, Dombrowik VL, Duong M, Guralnick R, Hart JA, Maypole JK, McCall K, Ranipeta A, Schuerkmann A, Torselli MA, Lacher T, Mittermeier RA, Rylands AB, Sechrest W, Wilson DE, Abba AM, Aguirre LF, Arroyo‐Cabrales J, Astúa D, Baker AM, Braulik G, Braun JK, Brito J, Busher PE, Burneo SF, Camacho MA, Cavallini P, de Almeida Chiquito E, Cook JA, Cserkész T, Csorba G, Cuéllar Soto E, da Cunha Tavares V, Davenport TRB, Deméré T, Denys C, Dickman CR, Eldridge MDB, Fernandez‐Duque E, Francis CM, Frankham G, Franklin WL, Freitas T, Friend JA, Gadsby EL, Garbino GST, Gaubert P, Giannini N, Giarla T, Gilchrist JS, Gongora J, Goodman SM, Gursky‐Doyen S, Hackländer K, Hafner MS, Hawkins M, Helgen KM, Heritage S, Hinckley A, Hintsche S, Holden M, Holekamp KE, Honeycutt RL, Huffman BA, Humle T, Hutterer R, Ibáñez Ulargui C, Jackson SM, Janecka J, Janecka M, Jenkins P, Juškaitis R, Juste J, Kays R, Kilpatrick CW, Kingston T, Koprowski JL, Kryštufek B, Lavery T, Lee TE, Leite YLR, Novaes RLM, Lim BK, Lissovsky A, López‐Antoñanzas R, López‐Baucells A, MacLeod CD, Maisels FG, Mares MA, Marsh H, Mattioli S, Meijaard E, Monadjem A, Morton FB, Musser G, Nadler T, Norris RW, Ojeda A, Ordóñez‐Garza N, Pardiñas UFJ, Patterson BD, Pavan A, Pennay M, Pereira C, Prado J, Queiroz HL, Richardson M, Riley EP, Rossiter SJ, Rubenstein DI, Ruelas D, Salazar‐Bravo J, Schai‐Braun S, Schank CJ, Schwitzer C, Sheeran LK, Shekelle M, Shenbrot G, Soisook P, Solari S, Southgate R, Superina M, Taber AB, Talebi M, Taylor P, Vu Dinh T, Ting N, Tirira DG, Tsang S, Turvey ST, Valdez R, Van Cakenberghe V, Veron G, Wallis J, Wells R, Whittaker D, Williamson EA, Wittemyer G, Woinarski J, Zinner D, Upham NS, Jetz W. Expert range maps of global mammal distributions harmonised to three taxonomic authorities. J Biogeogr 2022; 49:979-992. [PMID: 35506011 PMCID: PMC9060555 DOI: 10.1111/jbi.14330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
AIM Comprehensive, global information on species' occurrences is an essential biodiversity variable and central to a range of applications in ecology, evolution, biogeography and conservation. Expert range maps often represent a species' only available distributional information and play an increasing role in conservation assessments and macroecology. We provide global range maps for the native ranges of all extant mammal species harmonised to the taxonomy of the Mammal Diversity Database (MDD) mobilised from two sources, the Handbook of the Mammals of the World (HMW) and the Illustrated Checklist of the Mammals of the World (CMW). LOCATION Global. TAXON All extant mammal species. METHODS Range maps were digitally interpreted, georeferenced, error-checked and subsequently taxonomically aligned between the HMW (6253 species), the CMW (6431 species) and the MDD taxonomies (6362 species). RESULTS Range maps can be evaluated and visualised in an online map browser at Map of Life (mol.org) and accessed for individual or batch download for non-commercial use. MAIN CONCLUSION Expert maps of species' global distributions are limited in their spatial detail and temporal specificity, but form a useful basis for broad-scale characterizations and model-based integration with other data. We provide georeferenced range maps for the native ranges of all extant mammal species as shapefiles, with species-level metadata and source information packaged together in geodatabase format. Across the three taxonomic sources our maps entail, there are 1784 taxonomic name differences compared to the maps currently available on the IUCN Red List website. The expert maps provided here are harmonised to the MDD taxonomic authority and linked to a community of online tools that will enable transparent future updates and version control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles J. Marsh
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyYale UniversityNew HavenConnecticutUSA
- Center for Biodiversity and Global ChangeYale UniversityNew HavenConnecticutUSA
| | - Yanina V. Sica
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyYale UniversityNew HavenConnecticutUSA
- Center for Biodiversity and Global ChangeYale UniversityNew HavenConnecticutUSA
| | - Connor J. Burgin
- Department of BiologyUniversity of New MexicoAlbuquerqueNew MexicoUSA
| | - Wendy A. Dorman
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyYale UniversityNew HavenConnecticutUSA
- Center for Biodiversity and Global ChangeYale UniversityNew HavenConnecticutUSA
| | - Robert C. Anderson
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyYale UniversityNew HavenConnecticutUSA
- Center for Biodiversity and Global ChangeYale UniversityNew HavenConnecticutUSA
| | - Isabel del Toro Mijares
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyYale UniversityNew HavenConnecticutUSA
- Center for Biodiversity and Global ChangeYale UniversityNew HavenConnecticutUSA
| | - Jessica G. Vigneron
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyYale UniversityNew HavenConnecticutUSA
- Center for Biodiversity and Global ChangeYale UniversityNew HavenConnecticutUSA
| | - Vijay Barve
- Florida Museum of Natural HistoryUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
| | - Victoria L. Dombrowik
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyYale UniversityNew HavenConnecticutUSA
- Center for Biodiversity and Global ChangeYale UniversityNew HavenConnecticutUSA
| | - Michelle Duong
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyYale UniversityNew HavenConnecticutUSA
- Center for Biodiversity and Global ChangeYale UniversityNew HavenConnecticutUSA
| | - Robert Guralnick
- Florida Museum of Natural HistoryUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
| | - Julie A. Hart
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyYale UniversityNew HavenConnecticutUSA
- Center for Biodiversity and Global ChangeYale UniversityNew HavenConnecticutUSA
- New York Natural Heritage ProgramState University of New York College of Environmental Science and ForestryAlbanyNew YorkUSA
| | - J. Krish Maypole
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyYale UniversityNew HavenConnecticutUSA
- Center for Biodiversity and Global ChangeYale UniversityNew HavenConnecticutUSA
| | - Kira McCall
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyYale UniversityNew HavenConnecticutUSA
- Center for Biodiversity and Global ChangeYale UniversityNew HavenConnecticutUSA
| | - Ajay Ranipeta
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyYale UniversityNew HavenConnecticutUSA
- Center for Biodiversity and Global ChangeYale UniversityNew HavenConnecticutUSA
| | - Anna Schuerkmann
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyYale UniversityNew HavenConnecticutUSA
- Center for Biodiversity and Global ChangeYale UniversityNew HavenConnecticutUSA
| | - Michael A. Torselli
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyYale UniversityNew HavenConnecticutUSA
- Center for Biodiversity and Global ChangeYale UniversityNew HavenConnecticutUSA
| | - Thomas Lacher
- Department of Ecology and Conservation BiologyTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTexasUSA
- Re:wildAustinTexasUSA
| | | | | | | | - Don E. Wilson
- National Museum of Natural HistorySmithsonian InstitutionWashingtonDistrict of ColumbiaUSA
| | - Agustín M. Abba
- Centro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de Vectores (CEPAVE‐UNLP‐CONICET)La Plata, Buenos AiresArgentina
| | - Luis F. Aguirre
- Centro de Biodiversidad y GenéticaUniversidad Mayor de San SimónCochabambaBolivia
| | | | - Diego Astúa
- Departamento de ZoologiaUniversidade Federal de PernambucoRecifePernambucoBrazil
| | - Andrew M. Baker
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, Faculty of ScienceQueensland University of TechnologyBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
- Biodiversity and Geosciences ProgramQueensland MuseumBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Gill Braulik
- School of BiologyUniversity of St. AndrewsSt. Andrews, FifeUK
| | | | - Jorge Brito
- Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad (INABIO)QuitoEcuador
| | - Peter E. Busher
- College of General StudiesBoston UniversityBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Santiago F. Burneo
- Sección Mastozoología, Museo de Zoología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y NaturalesPontificia Universidad Católica del EcuadorQuitoEcuador
| | - M. Alejandra Camacho
- Sección Mastozoología, Museo de Zoología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y NaturalesPontificia Universidad Católica del EcuadorQuitoEcuador
| | | | | | - Joseph A. Cook
- Museum of Southwestern Biology and Department of BiologyUniversity of New MexicoAlbuquerqueNew MexicoUSA
| | - Tamás Cserkész
- Department of ZoologyHungarian Natural History MuseumBudapestHungary
| | - Gábor Csorba
- Department of ZoologyHungarian Natural History MuseumBudapestHungary
| | | | - Valeria da Cunha Tavares
- Vale Technological InstituteBelémParáBrazil
- Laboratório de Mamíferos, Departamento de Sistemática e Ecologia, CCEN/DSEUniversidade Federal da ParaíbaJoão PessoaPBBrazil
| | - Tim R. B. Davenport
- Species Conservation & Science (Africa)Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS)ArushaTanzania
| | | | - Christiane Denys
- Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB)Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (CNRS)ParisFrance
| | - Christopher R. Dickman
- Desert Ecology Research Group, School of Life and Environmental SciencesThe University of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Mark D. B. Eldridge
- Australian Museum Research InstituteAustralian MuseumSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Eduardo Fernandez‐Duque
- Department of Anthropology and School of the EnvironmentYale UniversityNew HavenConnecticutUSA
| | - Charles M. Francis
- Canadian Wildlife ServiceEnvironment and Climate Change CanadaOttawaOntarioCanada
| | - Greta Frankham
- Australian Museum Research InstituteAustralian MuseumSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - William L. Franklin
- Deparment of Natural Resource Ecology and EnvironmentIowa State UniversityAmesIowaUSA
| | - Thales Freitas
- Departamento de GenéticaUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulPorto AlegreRio Grande do SulBrazil
| | - J. Anthony Friend
- Department of BiodiversityConservation and AttractionsAlbanyWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | | | | | - Philippe Gaubert
- Laboratoire Évolution & Diversité BiologiqueUniversité Toulouse III Paul SabatierToulouseFrance
| | - Norberto Giannini
- Unidad Ejecutora LilloCONICET ‐ Fundación Miguel LilloSan Miguel de Tucumán, TucumánArgentina
| | - Thomas Giarla
- Department of BiologySiena CollegeLoudonvilleNew YorkUSA
| | | | - Jaime Gongora
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of ScienceThe University of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Steven M. Goodman
- Negaunee Integrative Research Center, Field Museum of Natural HistoryChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | | | - Klaus Hackländer
- Institute of Wildlife Biology and Game ManagementUniversity of Natural Resources and Life SciencesWienAustria
| | - Mark S. Hafner
- Museum of Natural ScienceLouisiana State UniversityBaton RougeLouisianaUSA
| | - Melissa Hawkins
- National Museum of Natural HistorySmithsonian InstitutionWashingtonDistrict of ColumbiaUSA
| | - Kristofer M. Helgen
- Australian Museum Research InstituteAustralian MuseumSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Steven Heritage
- Duke Lemur Center, Museum of Natural HistoryDuke UniversityDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
| | | | | | - Mary Holden
- Department of MammalogyAmerican Museum of Natural HistoryNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Kay E. Holekamp
- Department of Integrative BiologyMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMichiganUSA
| | | | | | - Tatyana Humle
- Durrell Institute of Conservation and EcologySchool of Anthropology and Conservation, University of KentCanterburyUK
| | | | | | | | - Jan Janecka
- Department of Biological SciencesDuquesne UniversityPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Mary Janecka
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Paula Jenkins
- Mammal Group, Vertebrates DivisionDepartment of Life Sciences, The Natural History MuseumLondonUK
| | | | | | - Roland Kays
- North Carolina Museum of Natural SciencesRaleighNorth CarolinaUSA
| | | | - Tigga Kingston
- Department of Biological SciencesTexas Tech UniversityLubbockTexasUSA
| | | | | | - Tyrone Lavery
- Fenner School of Environment and SocietyThe Australian National UniversityActonAustralian Capital TerritoryAustralia
| | - Thomas E. Lee
- Department of BiologyAbilene Christian UniversityAbileneTexasUSA
| | - Yuri L. R. Leite
- Departamento de Ciências BiológicasUniversidade Federal do Espírito SantoVitóriaEspiríto SantoBrazil
| | | | - Burton K. Lim
- Department of Natural HistoryRoyal Ontario MuseumTorontoOntarioCanada
| | | | - Raquel López‐Antoñanzas
- Institut des Sciences de l'Évolution de Montpellier (ISE‐M, UMR 5554, UM/CNRS/IRD/EPHE)MontpellierFrance
| | | | | | - Fiona G. Maisels
- Wildlife Conservation SocietyGlobal Conservation ProgramNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- Faculty of Natural SciencesUniversity of StirlingStirlingUK
| | | | - Helene Marsh
- Division of Tropical Environments and SocietiesCentre for Tropical Water and Aquatic Ecosystem Research, James Cook UniversityTownsvilleQueenslandAustralia
| | - Stefano Mattioli
- Research Unit of Behavioural Ecology, Ethology and Wildlife Management, Department of Life SciencesUniversity of SienaSienaItaly
| | - Erik Meijaard
- Borneo FuturesBandar Seri BegawanBABrunei Darussalam
| | - Ara Monadjem
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of EswatiniKwaluseniEswatini
- Department of Zoology & Entomology, Mammal Research InstituteUniversity of PretoriaPretoriaSouth Africa
| | | | - Grace Musser
- Jackson School of GeosciencesUniversity of Texas at AustinAustinTexasUSA
| | - Tilo Nadler
- Cuc Phuong CommuneNho Quan DistrictNinh BInh, ProvinceVietnam
| | - Ryan W. Norris
- Evolution, Ecology and Organismal BiologyThe Ohio State UniversityLimaOhioUSA
| | - Agustina Ojeda
- Instituto Argentino de Zonas Áridas (IADIZA)‐CCT Mendoza‐CONICETMendozaArgentina
| | | | | | - Bruce D. Patterson
- Negaunee Integrative Research Center, Field Museum of Natural HistoryChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Ana Pavan
- Universidade de São PauloSão PauloBrazil
| | - Michael Pennay
- NSW National Parks and Wildlife ServiceQueanbeyanNew South WalesAustralia
| | | | | | - Helder L. Queiroz
- Instituto de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Mamirauá – IDSMTeféAmazonasBrazil
| | | | - Erin P. Riley
- Department of AnthropologySan Diego State UniversitySan DiegoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Stephen J. Rossiter
- School of Biological and Chemical SciencesQueen Mary University of LondonLondonUK
| | - Daniel I. Rubenstein
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyPrinceton UniversityPrincetonNew JerseyUSA
| | - Dennisse Ruelas
- Museo de Historia NaturalUniversidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, LimaLimaPeru
- Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution (ISEM, UMR 5554 CNRS‐IRD‐UM)Université de MontpellierMontpellier Cedex 5France
| | | | - Stéphanie Schai‐Braun
- Institute of Wildlife Biology and Game ManagementUniversity of Natural Resources and Life SciencesViennaAustria
| | - Cody J. Schank
- Re:wildAustinTexasUSA
- Department of Geography and the EnvironmentThe University of Texas at AustinAustinTexasUSA
| | | | - Lori K. Sheeran
- Department of Anthropology and Museum StudiesCentral Washington UniversityEllensburgWAUSA
| | - Myron Shekelle
- Department of AnthropologyWestern Washington UniversityBellinghamWAUSA
| | - Georgy Shenbrot
- Mitrani Department of Desert EcologyJacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert ResearchBen‐Gurion University of the NegevMidreshet Ben‐GurionIsrael
| | - Pipat Soisook
- Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn Natural History MuseumPrince of Songkhla UniversityHatyai, SongkhlaThailand
| | - Sergio Solari
- Instituto de BiologíaUniversidad de AntioquiaMedellínColombia
| | | | - Mariella Superina
- IMBECU, CCT CONICET Mendoza – UNCuyoParque Gral. San MartínMendozaArgentina
| | - Andrew B. Taber
- Forestry DivisionFood and Agriculture Organization of the United NationsRomeItaly
| | - Maurício Talebi
- Laboratório de Ecologia e Conservação da NaturezaDeptartamento de Ciências AmbientaisUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) ‐ Campus Diadema, DiademaSão PauloBrazil
| | | | - Thong Vu Dinh
- Institute of Ecology and Biological ResourcesVietnam Academy of Science and TechnologyHanoiVietnam
| | - Nelson Ting
- Department of AnthropologyUniversity of OregonEugeneOregonUSA
| | | | - Susan Tsang
- Department of MammalogyAmerican Museum of Natural HistoryNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | | | - Raul Valdez
- Department of Fish, Wildlife, and Conservation EcologyNew Mexico State UniversityLas CrucesNew MexicoUSA
| | - Victor Van Cakenberghe
- Laboratory for Functional Morphology, Biology DepartmentUniversity of Antwerp, Campus Drie EikenAntwerpen (Wilrijk)Belgium
| | - Geraldine Veron
- Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, CNRSSorbonne Université, EPHE, Université des AntillesParisFrance
| | | | - Rod Wells
- Biological Sciences, College of Science and EngineeringFlinders UniversityAdelaideSouth AustraliaAustralia
| | - Danielle Whittaker
- BEACON Center for the Study of Evolution in ActionMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMichiganUSA
| | | | - George Wittemyer
- Department of Fish, Wildlife and Conservation BiologyColorado State UniversityFort CollinsColoradoUSA
| | - John Woinarski
- Research Institute for the Environment and LivelihoodsCharles Darwin UniversityCasuarinaNorthern TerritoryAustralia
| | - Dietmar Zinner
- German Primate Center (DPZ)Leibniz Institute for Primate ResearchGöttingenGermany
| | - Nathan S. Upham
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyYale UniversityNew HavenConnecticutUSA
- Center for Biodiversity and Global ChangeYale UniversityNew HavenConnecticutUSA
- School of Life SciencesArizona State UniversityTempeArizonaUSA
| | - Walter Jetz
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyYale UniversityNew HavenConnecticutUSA
- Center for Biodiversity and Global ChangeYale UniversityNew HavenConnecticutUSA
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9
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Ordaz-Németh I, Sop T, Amarasekaran B, Bachmann M, Boesch C, Brncic T, Caillaud D, Campbell G, Carvalho J, Chancellor R, Davenport TRB, Dowd D, Eno-Nku M, Ganas-Swaray J, Granier N, Greengrass E, Heinicke S, Herbinger I, Inkamba-Nkulu C, Iyenguet F, Junker J, Bobo KS, Lushimba A, Maisels F, Malanda GAF, McCarthy MS, Motsaba P, Moustgaard J, Murai M, Ndokoue B, Nixon S, Nseme RA, Nzooh Z, Pintea L, Plumptre AJ, Roy J, Rundus A, Sanderson J, Serckx A, Strindberg S, Tweh C, Vanleeuwe H, Vosper A, Waltert M, Williamson EA, Wilson M, Mundry R, Kühl HS. Range-wide indicators of African great ape density distribution. Am J Primatol 2021; 83:e23338. [PMID: 34662462 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.23338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Species distributions are influenced by processes occurring at multiple spatial scales. It is therefore insufficient to model species distribution at a single geographic scale, as this does not provide the necessary understanding of determining factors. Instead, multiple approaches are needed, each differing in spatial extent, grain, and research objective. Here, we present the first attempt to model continent-wide great ape density distribution. We used site-level estimates of African great ape abundance to (1) identify socioeconomic and environmental factors that drive densities at the continental scale, and (2) predict range-wide great ape density. We collated great ape abundance estimates from 156 sites and defined 134 pseudo-absence sites to represent additional absence locations. The latter were based on locations of unsuitable environmental conditions for great apes, and on existing literature. We compiled seven socioeconomic and environmental covariate layers and fitted a generalized linear model to investigate their influence on great ape abundance. We used an Akaike-weighted average of full and subset models to predict the range-wide density distribution of African great apes for the year 2015. Great ape densities were lowest where there were high Human Footprint and Gross Domestic Product values; the highest predicted densities were in Central Africa, and the lowest in West Africa. Only 10.7% of the total predicted population was found in the International Union for Conservation of Nature Category I and II protected areas. For 16 out of 20 countries, our estimated abundances were largely in line with those from previous studies. For four countries, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Liberia, and South Sudan, the estimated populations were excessively high. We propose further improvements to the model to overcome survey and predictor data limitations, which would enable a temporally dynamic approach for monitoring great apes across their range based on key indicators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Ordaz-Németh
- Department of Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Tenekwetche Sop
- Department of Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Mona Bachmann
- Department of Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christophe Boesch
- Department of Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany.,Wild Chimpanzee Foundation, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Terry Brncic
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Global Conservation Program, New York, New York, USA
| | - Damien Caillaud
- Dian Fossey Gorilla Fund International, Atlanta, USA.,Department of Anthropology, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | | | - Joana Carvalho
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, Scotland, UK
| | - Rebecca Chancellor
- Departments of Anthropology & Sociology and Psychology, West Chester University, West Chester, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Tim R B Davenport
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Global Conservation Program, New York, New York, USA
| | - Dervla Dowd
- Wild Chimpanzee Foundation, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - Stefanie Heinicke
- Department of Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany.,Biodiversity Conservation group, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Leipzig-Jena, Leipzig, Germany.,Transformation Pathways Research Department, Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, Potsdam, Germany
| | | | | | - Fortuné Iyenguet
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Global Conservation Program, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jessica Junker
- Biodiversity Conservation group, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Leipzig-Jena, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kadiri S Bobo
- Department of Forestry, Faculty of Agronomy and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Alain Lushimba
- IUCN, Regional Program Central and West Africa, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Fiona Maisels
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Global Conservation Program, New York, New York, USA.,Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, Scotland, UK
| | | | - Maureen S McCarthy
- Department of Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Prosper Motsaba
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Global Conservation Program, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Mizuki Murai
- Department of Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Bezangoye Ndokoue
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Global Conservation Program, New York, New York, USA
| | | | | | | | - Lilian Pintea
- Conservation Science, Jane Goodall Institute, Vienna, USA
| | | | - Justin Roy
- Department of Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Aaron Rundus
- Department of Psychology, West Chester University, West Chester, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jim Sanderson
- Small Wild Cat Conservation Foundation, Corrales, New Mexico, USA
| | - Adeline Serckx
- Department of Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany.,The Biodiversity Consultancy Ltd., Cambridge, UK.,Behavioral Biology Unit, Primatology Research Group, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Samantha Strindberg
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Global Conservation Program, New York, New York, USA
| | - Clement Tweh
- Wild Chimpanzee Foundation, Leipzig, Germany.,School of Biological Sciences, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Hilde Vanleeuwe
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Global Conservation Program, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Matthias Waltert
- Workgroup on Endangered Species, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | | | - Michael Wilson
- Departments of Anthropology and Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Roger Mundry
- Department of Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany.,German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Hjalmar S Kühl
- Department of Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany.,Biodiversity Conservation group, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Leipzig-Jena, Leipzig, Germany
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10
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Capitano ML, Jaiswal A, Broxmeyer HE, Pride Y, Glover S, Amlashi FG, Kirby A, Srinivasan G, Williamson EA, Mais D, Hromas R. A humanized monoclonal antibody against the endothelial chemokine CCL21 for the diagnosis and treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0252805. [PMID: 34197491 PMCID: PMC8248966 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0252805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemokines are small proteins that promote leukocyte migration during development, infection, and inflammation. We and others isolated the unique chemokine CCL21, a potent chemo-attractant for naïve T-cells, naïve B-cells, and immature dendritic cells. CCL21 has a 37 amino acid carboxy terminal extension that is distinct from the rest of the chemokine family, which is thought to anchor it to venule endothelium where the amino terminus can interact with its cognate receptor, CCR7. We and others have reported that venule endothelium expressing CCL21 plays a crucial role in attracting naïve immune cells to sites of antigen presentation. In this study we generated a series of monoclonal antibodies to the amino terminus of CCL21 in an attempt to generate an antibody that blocked the interaction of CCL21 with its receptor CCR7. We found one humanized clone that blocked naïve T-cell migration towards CCL21, while memory effector T-cells were less affected. Using this monoclonal antibody, we also demonstrated that CCL21 is expressed in the mucosal venule endothelium of the large majority of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), including Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, and also in celiac disease. This expression correlated with active IBD in 5 of 6 cases, whereas none of 6 normal bowel biopsies had CCL21 expression. This study raises the possibility that this monoclonal antibody could be used to diagnose initial or recurrent of IBD. Significantly, this antibody could also be used for therapeutic intervention in IBD by selectively interfering with recruitment of naïve immune effector cells to sites of antigen presentation, without harming overall memory immunity.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/immunology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/pharmacology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/therapeutic use
- Chemokine CCL21/genetics
- Chemokine CCL21/immunology
- Chemokine CCL21/metabolism
- Chemotaxis/drug effects
- Endothelium/metabolism
- Humans
- Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/diagnosis
- Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/drug therapy
- Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Protein Binding
- Receptors, CCR7/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer/cytology
- T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Maegan L Capitano
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States of America
| | - Aruna Jaiswal
- Department of Medicine and the Mays Cancer Center, University of Texas School Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States of America
| | - Hal E Broxmeyer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States of America
| | - Yilianys Pride
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MI, United States of America
| | - Sarah Glover
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MI, United States of America
| | - Fatemah G Amlashi
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas School Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States of America
| | - Austin Kirby
- Department of Medicine and the Mays Cancer Center, University of Texas School Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States of America
| | - Gayathri Srinivasan
- Department of Medicine and the Mays Cancer Center, University of Texas School Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth A Williamson
- Department of Medicine and the Mays Cancer Center, University of Texas School Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States of America
| | - Daniel Mais
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas School Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States of America
| | - Robert Hromas
- Department of Medicine and the Mays Cancer Center, University of Texas School Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States of America
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11
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Carvalho JS, Graham B, Bocksberger G, Maisels F, Williamson EA, Wich S, Sop T, Amarasekaran B, Barca B, Barrie A, Bergl RA, Boesch C, Boesch H, Brncic TM, Buys B, Chancellor R, Danquah E, Doumbé OA, Le‐Duc SY, Galat‐Luong A, Ganas J, Gatti S, Ghiurghi A, Goedmakers A, Granier N, Hakizimana D, Haurez B, Head J, Herbinger I, Hillers A, Jones S, Junker J, Maputla N, Manasseh E, McCarthy MS, Molokwu‐Odozi M, Morgan BJ, Nakashima Y, N’Goran PK, Nixon S, Nkembi L, Normand E, Nzooh LD, Olson SH, Payne L, Petre C, Piel AK, Pintea L, Plumptre AJ, Rundus A, Serckx A, Stewart FA, Sunderland‐Groves J, Tagg N, Todd A, Vosper A, Wenceslau JF, Wessling EG, Willie J, Kühl HS. Predicting range shifts of African apes under global change scenarios. DIVERS DISTRIB 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.13358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
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12
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Junker J, Petrovan SO, Arroyo-Rodríguez V, Boonratana R, Byler D, Chapman CA, Chetry D, Cheyne SM, Cornejo FM, Cortés-Ortiz L, Cowlishaw G, Christie AP, Crockford C, de la Torre S, de Melo FR, Fan P, Grueter CC, Guzmán-Caro DC, Heymann EW, Herbinger I, Hoang MD, Horwich RH, Humle T, Ikemeh RA, Imong IS, Jerusalinsky L, Johnson SE, Kappeler PM, Kierulff MCM, Koné I, Kormos R, LE KQ, Li B, Marshall AJ, Meijaard E, Mittermeier RA, Muroyama Y, Neugebauer E, Orth L, Palacios E, Papworth SK, Plumptre AJ, Rawson BM, Refisch J, Ratsimbazafy J, Roos C, Setchell JM, Smith RK, Sop T, Schwitzer C, Slater K, Strum SC, Sutherland WJ, Talebi M, Wallis J, Wich S, Williamson EA, Wittig RM, Kühl HS. Corrigendum: A Severe Lack of Evidence Limits Effective Conservation of the World's Primates. Bioscience 2021; 71:105. [PMID: 33442330 PMCID: PMC7791360 DOI: 10.1093/biosci/biaa143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Silviu O Petrovan
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - Colin A Chapman
- Department of Anthropology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; with the School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa; and with the Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation, Northwest University, in Xi'an, China
| | | | - Susan M Cheyne
- Department of Social Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Liliana Cortés-Ortiz
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Guy Cowlishaw
- Zoological Society of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alec P Christie
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Stella de la Torre
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito's Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales Quito, Ecuador
| | - Fabiano R de Melo
- Department of Engenharia Florestal, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | - P Fan
- Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cyril C Grueter
- University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | | | - Eckhard W Heymann
- Deutsches Primatenzentrum, Leibniz-Institut für Primatenforschung, Göttingen, Germany
| | | | - Minh D Hoang
- Southern Institute of Ecology, Hochiminh City, Vietnam
| | | | - Tatyana Humle
- Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology, School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent, in Kent, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel A Ikemeh
- SW/Niger Delta Forest Project, part of the Foundation for Sustainability of Ecosystem, Wildlife, and Climate, Abuja, Nigeria
| | | | - Leandro Jerusalinsky
- Centro Nacional de Pesquisa e Conservação de Primatas Brasileiros, Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade. In João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Steig E Johnson
- Department of Anthropology and Archaeology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Peter M Kappeler
- Department of Sociobiology/Anthropology, Faculty of Biology and Psychology, Georg-August Universität, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Maria Cecília M Kierulff
- Instituto Nacional da Mata Atlântica, Espírito Santo, Brazil, and with the Instituto Pri-Matas, in Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Inza Koné
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley
| | | | - Khac Q LE
- Freelance wildlife consultant Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Baoguo Li
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Andrew J Marshall
- Department of Anthropology, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology in the Program in the Environment and the School of Environment and Sustainability, Universit of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Erik Meijaard
- University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia, and with Borneo Futures, in Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei
| | | | - Yasuyuki Muroyama
- Natural Science Laboratory, Faculty of Business Administration, Toyo University, in Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eleonora Neugebauer
- Universität Leipzig, Dekanat der Fakultät für Lebenswissenschaften, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Lisa Orth
- Independent researcher Leipzig, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Ben M Rawson
- World Wide Fund for Wildlife Vietnam, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Johannes Refisch
- Great Apes Survival Partnership, United Nations Environment Programme, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Jonah Ratsimbazafy
- Groupe d'étude et de recherche sur les primates, Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | - Christian Roos
- Deutsches Primatenzentrum, Leibniz-Institut für Primatenforschung, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Joanna M Setchell
- Department of Anthropology, Durham University, Durham, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca K Smith
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Tene Sop
- Department of Primatology, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Kathy Slater
- Operation Wallacea, Lincolnshire, United Kingdom
| | - Shirley C Strum
- University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, and with the Uaso Ngiro Baboon Project, Nairobi, Kenya
| | | | - Maurício Talebi
- Departamento de Cíências Ambientais, Programa Análise Ambiental Integrada, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Janette Wallis
- Department of Environmental Studies, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma
| | - Serge Wich
- School of Natural Sciences and Psychology, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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13
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Heinicke S, Ordaz-Németh I, Junker J, Bachmann ME, Marrocoli S, Wessling EG, Byler D, Cheyne SM, Desmond J, Dowd D, Fitzgerald M, Fourrier M, Goedmakers A, Hernandez-Aguilar RA, Hillers A, Hockings KJ, Jones S, Kaiser M, Koops K, Lapuente JM, Maisels F, Riedel J, Terrade E, Tweh CG, Vergnes V, Vogt T, Williamson EA, Kühl HS. Open-access platform to synthesize knowledge of ape conservation across sites. Am J Primatol 2020; 83:e23213. [PMID: 33169878 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.23213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Despite the large body of literature on ape conservation, much of the data needed for evidence-based conservation decision-making is still not readily accessible and standardized, rendering cross-site comparison difficult. To support knowledge synthesis and to complement the IUCN SSC Ape Populations, Environments and Surveys database, we created the A.P.E.S. Wiki (https://apeswiki.eva.mpg.de), an open-access platform providing site-level information on ape conservation status and context. The aim of this Wiki is to provide information and data about geographical ape locations, to curate information on individuals and organizations active in ape research and conservation, and to act as a tool to support collaboration between conservation practitioners, scientists, and other stakeholders. To illustrate the process and benefits of knowledge synthesis, we used the momentum of the update of the conservation action plan for western chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus) and began with this critically endangered taxon. First, we gathered information on 59 sites in West Africa from scientific publications, reports, and online sources. Information was compiled in a standardized format and can thus be summarized using a web scraping approach. We then asked experts working at those sites to review and complement the information (20 sites have been reviewed to date). We demonstrate the utility of the information available through the Wiki, for example, for studying species distribution. Importantly, as an open-access platform and based on the well-known wiki layout, the A.P.E.S. Wiki can contribute to direct and interactive information sharing and promote the efforts invested by the ape research and conservation community. The Section on Great Apes and the Section on Small Apes of the IUCN SSC Primate Specialist Group will guide and support the expansion of the platform to all small and great ape taxa. Similar collaborative efforts can contribute to extending knowledge synthesis to all nonhuman primate species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Heinicke
- Department of Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany.,German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Leipzig-Jena, Leipzig, Germany.,Transformation Pathways, Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), Member of the Leibniz Association, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Isabel Ordaz-Németh
- Department of Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jessica Junker
- Department of Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany.,German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Leipzig-Jena, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Mona E Bachmann
- Department of Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany.,German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Leipzig-Jena, Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Geography, Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Erin G Wessling
- Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Dirck Byler
- Section on Great Apes, IUCN SSC Primate Specialist Group, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Susan M Cheyne
- Section on Small Apes, IUCN SSC Primate Specialist Group, Oxford, UK.,Borneo Nature Foundation, Palangka Raya, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia.,Department of Social Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK
| | - Jenny Desmond
- Liberia Chimpanzee Rescue & Protection, Monrovia, Liberia
| | - Dervla Dowd
- Wild Chimpanzee Foundation (West Africa Representation), Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
| | | | | | | | - R Adriana Hernandez-Aguilar
- Department of Social Psychology and Quantitative Psychology, University of Barcelona, Spain.,Jane Goodall Institute Spain and Senegal, Dindefelo Biological Station, Dindefelo, Kedougou, Senegal
| | | | - Kimberley J Hockings
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall, UK
| | - Sorrel Jones
- RSPB Centre for Conservation Science, The Royal Society for the Protection of Birds, Sandy, UK.,School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, UK
| | - Michael Kaiser
- Department of Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kathelijne Koops
- Department of Archaeology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Juan M Lapuente
- Comoé Chimpanzee Conservation Project, Comoé National Park, Kakpin, Ivory Coast
| | - Fiona Maisels
- Global Conservation Program, Wildlife Conservation Society, Bronx, New York, USA.,Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, Scotland, UK
| | - Julia Riedel
- Department of Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany.,Wild Chimpanzee Foundation (West Africa Representation), Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Emilien Terrade
- Mongolian Bankhar Dog Project, Hustai National Park, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Clement G Tweh
- Wild Chimpanzee Foundation, Monrovia, Liberia.,School of Biological Sciences, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Virginie Vergnes
- Wild Chimpanzee Foundation (West Africa Representation), Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Tina Vogt
- Elephant Research and Conservation, Saal/Donau, Germany
| | | | - Hjalmar S Kühl
- Department of Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany.,German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Leipzig-Jena, Leipzig, Germany
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14
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Junker J, Petrovan SO, Arroyo-RodrÍguez V, Boonratana R, Byler D, Chapman CA, Chetry D, Cheyne SM, Cornejo FM, CortÉs-Ortiz L, Cowlishaw G, Christie AP, Crockford C, Torre SDL, De Melo FR, Fan P, Grueter CC, GuzmÁn-Caro DC, Heymann EW, Herbinger I, Hoang MD, Horwich RH, Humle T, Ikemeh RA, Imong IS, Jerusalinsky L, Johnson SE, Kappeler PM, Kierulff MCM, KonÉ I, Kormos R, Le KQ, Li B, Marshall AJ, Meijaard E, Mittermeier RA, Muroyama Y, Neugebauer E, Orth L, Palacios E, Papworth SK, Plumptre AJ, Rawson BM, Refisch J, Ratsimbazafy J, Roos C, Setchell JM, Smith RK, Sop T, Schwitzer C, Slater K, Strum SC, Sutherland WJ, Talebi M, Wallis J, Wich S, Williamson EA, Wittig RM, KÜhl HS. A Severe Lack of Evidence Limits Effective Conservation of the World's Primates. Bioscience 2020; 70:794-803. [PMID: 32973409 PMCID: PMC7498340 DOI: 10.1093/biosci/biaa082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Threats to biodiversity are well documented. However, to effectively conserve species and their habitats, we need to know which conservation interventions do (or do not) work. Evidence-based conservation evaluates interventions within a scientific framework. The Conservation Evidence project has summarized thousands of studies testing conservation interventions and compiled these as synopses for various habitats and taxa. In the present article, we analyzed the interventions assessed in the primate synopsis and compared these with other taxa. We found that despite intensive efforts to study primates and the extensive threats they face, less than 1% of primate studies evaluated conservation effectiveness. The studies often lacked quantitative data, failed to undertake postimplementation monitoring of populations or individuals, or implemented several interventions at once. Furthermore, the studies were biased toward specific taxa, geographic regions, and interventions. We describe barriers for testing primate conservation interventions and propose actions to improve the conservation evidence base to protect this endangered and globally important taxon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Junker
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research, Leipzig, Germany and with the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, formerly the Department of Primatology, in Leipzig, Germany
| | - Silviu O Petrovan
- Conservation Science Group, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Victor Arroyo-RodrÍguez
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Morelia, Mexico
| | | | | | - Colin A Chapman
- Department of Anthropology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; with the School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa; and with the Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation, at Northwest University, in Xi'an, China
| | | | - Susan M Cheyne
- Borneo Nature Foundation, Palangka Raya, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia, and with the Department of Social Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Liliana CortÉs-Ortiz
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Guy Cowlishaw
- Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, London, in the United Kingdom
| | - Alec P Christie
- Conservation Science Group, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Catherine Crockford
- Tai Chimpanzee Project, Centre Suisse des Recherche Scientifique, Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire
| | - Stella De La Torre
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito's Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales in Quito, Ecuador
| | - Fabiano R De Melo
- Department of Engenharia Florestal, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | - P Fan
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cyril C Grueter
- School of Human Sciences and with the School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | | | - Eckhard W Heymann
- Deutsches Primatenzentrum, Leibniz-Institut für Primatenforschung, Göttingen, Germany
| | | | - Minh D Hoang
- Southern Institute of Ecology, Hochiminh City, Vietnam
| | | | - Tatyana Humle
- Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology, School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent, Kent, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel A Ikemeh
- SW/Niger Delta Forest Project, part of the Foundation for Sustainability of Ecosystem, Wildlife, and Climate, Abuja, Nigeria
| | | | - Leandro Jerusalinsky
- Centro Nacional de Pesquisa e Conservação de Primatas Brasileiros, in the Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade. In João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Steig E Johnson
- Department of Anthropology and Archaeology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Peter M Kappeler
- Deutsches Primatenzentrum, Leibniz-Institut für Primatenforschung, Göttingen, Germany, and with the Department of Sociobiology/Anthropology, Faculty of Biology and Psychology, at Georg-August Universität, in Göttingen, Germany
| | - Maria CecÍlia M Kierulff
- Instituto Nacional da Mata Atlântica, in Espírito Santo, Brazil, and with the Instituto Pri-Matas, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Inza KonÉ
- Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire. Rebecca Kormos is affiliated with the Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley
| | - Rebecca Kormos
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research, Leipzig, Germany and with the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, formerly the Department of Primatology, in Leipzig, Germany
| | - Khac Q Le
- Freelance wildlife consultant, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Baoguo Li
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Andrew J Marshall
- Department of Anthropology and the Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology in the Program in the Environment and the School of Environment and Sustainability, Universit of Michigan in Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Erik Meijaard
- Center of Excellence for Environmental Decisions, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia, and with Borneo Futures, Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei
| | | | - Yasuyuki Muroyama
- Natural Science Laboratory, Faculty of Business Administration, Toyo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eleonora Neugebauer
- Universität Leipzig, Dekanat der Fakultät für Lebenswissenschaften, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Lisa Orth
- Independent researcher, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | | | - Andrew J Plumptre
- Department of Anthropology and the Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology in the Program in the Environment and the School of Environment and Sustainability, Universit of Michigan in Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Ben M Rawson
- World Wide Fund for Wildlife Vietnam, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Johannes Refisch
- Great Apes Survival Partnership, United Nations Environment Programme, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Jonah Ratsimbazafy
- Groupe d'étude et de recherche sur les primates, Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | - Christian Roos
- Deutsches Primatenzentrum, Leibniz-Institut für Primatenforschung, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Joanna M Setchell
- Department of Anthropology, Durham University, Durham, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca K Smith
- Conservation Science Group, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Tene Sop
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, formerly the Department of Primatology, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Kerry Slater
- Operation Wallacea, Lincolnshire, United Kingdom
| | - Shirley C Strum
- University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, and with the Uaso Ngiro Baboon Project, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - William J Sutherland
- Conservation Science Group, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - MaurÍcio Talebi
- Departamento de Cíências Ambientais and the Programa Análise Ambiental Integrada, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Janette Wallis
- Department of Environmental Studies, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma
| | - Serge Wich
- School of Natural Sciences and Psychology, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | | | - Roman M Wittig
- Tai Chimpanzee Project, Centre Suisse des Recherche Scientifique, Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire
| | - Hjalmar S KÜhl
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research, Leipzig, Germany and with the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, formerly the Department of Primatology, in Leipzig, Germany
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15
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Laurance WF, Wich SA, Onrizal O, Fredriksson G, Usher G, Santika T, Byler D, Mittermeier R, Kormos R, Williamson EA, Meijaard E. Tapanuli orangutan endangered by Sumatran hydropower scheme. Nat Ecol Evol 2020; 4:1438-1439. [PMID: 32690909 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-020-1263-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- William F Laurance
- Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Serge A Wich
- Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK.,IUCN Species Survival Commission Primate Specialist Group, Gland, Switzerland
| | | | - Gabriella Fredriksson
- University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Graham Usher
- Independent environmental consultant, Drakelow, UK
| | - Truly Santika
- Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, London, UK
| | - Dirck Byler
- IUCN Species Survival Commission Primate Specialist Group, Gland, Switzerland
| | - Russell Mittermeier
- IUCN Species Survival Commission Primate Specialist Group, Gland, Switzerland
| | - Rebecca Kormos
- IUCN Species Survival Commission Primate Specialist Group, Gland, Switzerland
| | | | - Erik Meijaard
- IUCN Species Survival Commission Primate Specialist Group, Gland, Switzerland. .,Borneo Futures, Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei Darussalam.
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16
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Liang F, Miller AS, Tang C, Maranon D, Williamson EA, Hromas R, Wiese C, Zhao W, Sung P, Kupfer GM. The DNA-binding activity of USP1-associated factor 1 is required for efficient RAD51-mediated homologous DNA pairing and homology-directed DNA repair. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:8186-8194. [PMID: 32350107 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.013714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
USP1-associated factor 1 (UAF1) is an integral component of the RAD51-associated protein 1 (RAD51AP1)-UAF1-ubiquitin-specific peptidase 1 (USP1) trimeric deubiquitinase complex. This complex acts on DNA-bound, monoubiquitinated Fanconi anemia complementation group D2 (FANCD2) protein in the Fanconi anemia pathway of the DNA damage response. Moreover, RAD51AP1 and UAF1 cooperate to enhance homologous DNA pairing mediated by the recombinase RAD51 in DNA repair via the homologous recombination (HR) pathway. However, whereas the DNA-binding activity of RAD51AP1 has been shown to be important for RAD51-mediated homologous DNA pairing and HR-mediated DNA repair, the role of DNA binding by UAF1 in these processes is unclear. We have isolated mutant UAF1 variants that are impaired in DNA binding and tested them together with RAD51AP1 in RAD51-mediated HR. This biochemical analysis revealed that the DNA-binding activity of UAF1 is indispensable for enhanced RAD51 recombinase activity within the context of the UAF1-RAD51AP1 complex. In cells, DNA-binding deficiency of UAF1 increased DNA damage sensitivity and impaired HR efficiency, suggesting that UAF1 and RAD51AP1 have coordinated roles in DNA binding during HR and DNA damage repair. Our findings show that even though UAF1's DNA-binding activity is redundant with that of RAD51AP1 in FANCD2 deubiquitination, it is required for efficient HR-mediated chromosome damage repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengshan Liang
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology-Oncology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Adam S Miller
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Caroline Tang
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology-Oncology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.,Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - David Maranon
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Williamson
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Robert Hromas
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Claudia Wiese
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Weixing Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Patrick Sung
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Gary M Kupfer
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology-Oncology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA .,Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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17
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Jaiswal AS, Williamson EA, Srinivasan G, Kong K, Lomelino CL, McKenna R, Walter C, Sung P, Narayan S, Hromas R. The splicing component ISY1 regulates APE1 in base excision repair. DNA Repair (Amst) 2019; 86:102769. [PMID: 31887540 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2019.102769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The integrity of cellular genome is continuously challenged by endogenous and exogenous DNA damaging agents. If DNA damage is not removed in a timely fashion the replisome may stall at DNA lesions, causing fork collapse and genetic instability. Base excision DNA repair (BER) is the most important pathway for the removal of oxidized or mono-alkylated DNA. While the main components of the BER pathway are well defined, its regulatory mechanism is not yet understood. We report here that the splicing factor ISY1 enhances apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 (APE1) activity, the multifunctional enzyme in BER, by promoting its 5'-3' endonuclease activity. ISY1 expression is induced by oxidative damage, which would provide an immediate up-regulation of APE1 activity in vivo and enhance BER of oxidized bases. We further found that APE1 and ISY1 interact, and ISY1 enhances the ability of APE1 to recognize abasic sites in DNA. Using purified recombinant proteins, we reconstituted BER and demonstrated that ISY1 markedly promoted APE1 activity in both the short- and long-patch BER pathways. Our study identified ISY1 as a regulator of the BER pathway, which would be of physiological relevance where suboptimal levels of APE1 are present. The interaction of ISY1 and APE1 also establishes a connection between DNA damage repair and pre-mRNA splicing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aruna S Jaiswal
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229 United States.
| | - Elizabeth A Williamson
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229 United States
| | - Gayathri Srinivasan
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229 United States
| | - Kimi Kong
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229 United States
| | - Carrie L Lomelino
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida Health, Gainesville, FL 32610 United States
| | - Robert McKenna
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida Health, Gainesville, FL 32610 United States
| | - Christi Walter
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229 United States
| | - Patrick Sung
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520 San Antonio, TX 78229 United States
| | - Satya Narayan
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610 United States
| | - Robert Hromas
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229 United States.
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18
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Heinicke S, Mundry R, Boesch C, Hockings KJ, Kormos R, Ndiaye PI, Tweh CG, Williamson EA, Kühl HS. Towards systematic and evidence-based conservation planning for western chimpanzees. Am J Primatol 2019; 81:e23042. [PMID: 31468565 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.23042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
As animal populations continue to decline, frequently driven by large-scale land-use change, there is a critical need for improved environmental planning. While data-driven spatial planning is widely applied in conservation, as of yet it is rarely used for primates. The western chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes verus) declined by 80% within 24 years and was uplisted to Critically Endangered by the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species in 2016. To support conservation planning for western chimpanzees, we systematically identified geographic areas important for this taxon. We based our analysis on a previously published data set of modeled density distribution and on several scenarios that accounted for different spatial scales and conservation targets. Across all scenarios, typically less than one-third of areas we identified as important are currently designated as high-level protected areas (i.e., national park or IUCN category I or II). For example, in the scenario for protecting 50% of all chimpanzees remaining in West Africa (i.e., approximately 26,500 chimpanzees), an area of approximately 60,000 km2 was selected (i.e., approximately 12% of the geographic range), only 24% of which is currently designated as protected areas. The derived maps can be used to inform the geographic prioritization of conservation interventions, including protected area expansion, "no-go-zones" for industry and infrastructure, and conservation sites outside the protected area network. Environmental guidelines by major institutions funding infrastructure and resource extraction projects explicitly require corporations to minimize the negative impact on great apes. Therefore, our results can inform avoidance and mitigation measures during the planning phases of such projects. This study was designed to inform future stakeholder consultation processes that could ultimately integrate the conservation of western chimpanzees with national land-use priorities. Our approach may help in promoting similar work for other primate taxa to inform systematic conservation planning in times of growing threats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Heinicke
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany.,German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Roger Mundry
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christophe Boesch
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany.,Wild Chimpanzee Foundation (West Africa Representation), Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire
| | - Kimberley J Hockings
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Cornwall, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca Kormos
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California
| | - Papa Ibnou Ndiaye
- Département de Biologie animale, Université Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Clement G Tweh
- Wild Chimpanzee Foundation, Monrovia, Liberia.,School of Biological Sciences, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | | | - Hjalmar S Kühl
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany.,German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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19
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Srinivasan G, Williamson EA, Kong K, Jaiswal AS, Huang G, Kim HS, Schärer O, Zhao W, Burma S, Sung P, Hromas R. MiR223-3p promotes synthetic lethality in BRCA1-deficient cancers. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:17438-17443. [PMID: 31395736 PMCID: PMC6717293 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1903150116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Defects in DNA repair give rise to genomic instability, leading to neoplasia. Cancer cells defective in one DNA repair pathway can become reliant on remaining repair pathways for survival and proliferation. This attribute of cancer cells can be exploited therapeutically, by inhibiting the remaining repair pathway, a process termed synthetic lethality. This process underlies the mechanism of the Poly-ADP ribose polymerase-1 (PARP1) inhibitors in clinical use, which target BRCA1 deficient cancers, which is indispensable for homologous recombination (HR) DNA repair. HR is the major repair pathway for stressed replication forks, but when BRCA1 is deficient, stressed forks are repaired by back-up pathways such as alternative nonhomologous end-joining (aNHEJ). Unlike HR, aNHEJ is nonconservative, and can mediate chromosomal translocations. In this study we have found that miR223-3p decreases expression of PARP1, CtIP, and Pso4, each of which are aNHEJ components. In most cells, high levels of microRNA (miR) 223-3p repress aNHEJ, decreasing the risk of chromosomal translocations. Deletion of the miR223 locus in mice increases PARP1 levels in hematopoietic cells and enhances their risk of unprovoked chromosomal translocations. We also discovered that cancer cells deficient in BRCA1 or its obligate partner BRCA1-Associated Protein-1 (BAP1) routinely repress miR223-3p to permit repair of stressed replication forks via aNHEJ. Reconstituting the expression of miR223-3p in BRCA1- and BAP1-deficient cancer cells results in reduced repair of stressed replication forks and synthetic lethality. Thus, miR223-3p is a negative regulator of the aNHEJ DNA repair and represents a therapeutic pathway for BRCA1- or BAP1-deficient cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayathri Srinivasan
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229
| | - Elizabeth A Williamson
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229
| | - Kimi Kong
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229
| | - Aruna S Jaiswal
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229
| | - Guangcun Huang
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229
| | - Hyun-Suk Kim
- Center for Genomic Integrity, Institute for Basic Science, Ulsan 689-798, Republic of Korea
| | - Orlando Schärer
- Center for Genomic Integrity, Institute for Basic Science, Ulsan 689-798, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Weixing Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229
| | - Sandeep Burma
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229
| | - Patrick Sung
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229
| | - Robert Hromas
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229;
- Center for Genomic Integrity, Institute for Basic Science, Ulsan 689-798, Republic of Korea
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20
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Liang F, Miller AS, Longerich S, Tang C, Maranon D, Williamson EA, Hromas R, Wiese C, Kupfer GM, Sung P. DNA requirement in FANCD2 deubiquitination by USP1-UAF1-RAD51AP1 in the Fanconi anemia DNA damage response. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2849. [PMID: 31253762 PMCID: PMC6599204 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10408-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Fanconi anemia (FA) is a multigenic disease of bone marrow failure and cancer susceptibility stemming from a failure to remove DNA crosslinks and other chromosomal lesions. Within the FA DNA damage response pathway, DNA-dependent monoubiquitinaton of FANCD2 licenses downstream events, while timely FANCD2 deubiquitination serves to extinguish the response. Here, we show with reconstituted biochemical systems, which we developed, that efficient FANCD2 deubiquitination by the USP1-UAF1 complex is dependent on DNA and DNA binding by UAF1. Surprisingly, we find that the DNA binding activity of the UAF1-associated protein RAD51AP1 can substitute for that of UAF1 in FANCD2 deubiquitination in our biochemical system. We also reveal the importance of DNA binding by UAF1 and RAD51AP1 in FANCD2 deubiquitination in the cellular setting. Our results provide insights into a key step in the FA pathway and help define the multifaceted role of the USP1-UAF1-RAD51AP1 complex in DNA damage tolerance and genome repair. In the Fanconi anemia pathway, deubiquitination of FANCD2 is a fundamental regulatory step. Here, the authors have developed a set of biochemical tools to reconstitute FANCD2 deubiquitination by recombinant USP1-UAF1-RAD51AP1 and reveal critical mechanistic details of the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengshan Liang
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology-Oncology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Adam S Miller
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Simonne Longerich
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Caroline Tang
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology-Oncology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - David Maranon
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Williamson
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Robert Hromas
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Claudia Wiese
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Gary M Kupfer
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology-Oncology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA. .,Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Patrick Sung
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA. .,Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.
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21
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Wang W, Daley JM, Kwon Y, Xue X, Krasner DS, Miller AS, Nguyen KA, Williamson EA, Shim EY, Lee SE, Hromas R, Sung P. A DNA nick at Ku-blocked double-strand break ends serves as an entry site for exonuclease 1 (Exo1) or Sgs1-Dna2 in long-range DNA end resection. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:17061-17069. [PMID: 30224356 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.004769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) by homologous recombination (HR) is initiated by nucleolytic resection of the DNA break ends. The current model, being based primarily on genetic analyses in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and companion biochemical reconstitution studies, posits that end resection proceeds in two distinct stages. Specifically, the initiation of resection is mediated by the nuclease activity of the Mre11-Rad50-Xrs2 (MRX) complex in conjunction with its cofactor Sae2, and long-range resection is carried out by exonuclease 1 (Exo1) or the Sgs1-Top3-Rmi1-Dna2 ensemble. Using fully reconstituted systems, we show here that DNA with ends occluded by the DNA end-joining factor Ku70-Ku80 becomes a suitable substrate for long-range 5'-3' resection when a nick is introduced at a locale proximal to one of the Ku-bound DNA ends. We also show that Sgs1 can unwind duplex DNA harboring a nick, in a manner dependent on a species-specific interaction with the ssDNA-binding factor replication protein A (RPA). These biochemical systems and results will be valuable for guiding future endeavors directed at delineating the mechanistic intricacy of DNA end resection in eukaryotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weibin Wang
- From the Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520 and
| | - James M Daley
- From the Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520 and
| | - Youngho Kwon
- From the Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520 and.,Departments of Biochemistry and Structural Biology
| | - Xiaoyu Xue
- From the Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520 and
| | - Danielle S Krasner
- From the Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520 and
| | - Adam S Miller
- From the Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520 and
| | - Kevin A Nguyen
- From the Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520 and
| | | | | | - Sang Eun Lee
- Radiation Oncology, and.,Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas 78229
| | | | - Patrick Sung
- From the Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520 and .,Departments of Biochemistry and Structural Biology
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22
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Shao L, Chang J, Feng W, Wang X, Williamson EA, Li Y, Schajnovitz A, Scadden D, Mortensen LJ, Lin CP, Li L, Paulson A, Downing J, Zhou D, Hromas RA. The Wave2 scaffold Hem-1 is required for transition of fetal liver hematopoiesis to bone marrow. Nat Commun 2018; 9:2377. [PMID: 29915352 PMCID: PMC6006146 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-04716-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The transition of hematopoiesis from the fetal liver (FL) to the bone marrow (BM) is incompletely characterized. We demonstrate that the Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome verprolin-homologous protein (WAVE) complex 2 is required for this transition, as complex degradation via deletion of its scaffold Hem-1 causes the premature exhaustion of neonatal BM hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). This exhaustion of BM HSC is due to the failure of BM engraftment of Hem-1−/− FL HSCs, causing early death. The Hem-1−/− FL HSC engraftment defect is not due to the lack of the canonical function of the WAVE2 complex, the regulation of actin polymerization, because FL HSCs from Hem-1−/− mice exhibit no defects in chemotaxis, BM homing, or adhesion. Rather, the failure of Hem-1−/− FL HSC engraftment in the marrow is due to the loss of c-Abl survival signaling from degradation of the WAVE2 complex. However, c-Abl activity is dispensable for the engraftment of adult BM HSCs into the BM. These findings reveal a novel function of the WAVE2 complex and define a mechanism for FL HSC fitness in the embryonic BM niche. Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) migrate from the fetal liver to the bone marrow (BM) during embryogenesis. Here the authors show that the WAVE2 complex scaffold Hem1 is required for engraftment of HSCs in BM, not through its canonical role regulating actin polymerization, but through c-Abl survival signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijian Shao
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Jianhui Chang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA
| | - Wei Feng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Williamson
- Department of Medicine and Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Medicine and Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Amir Schajnovitz
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology Department, Harvard University, Cambridge, 02138, MA, USA.,Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, 02114, MA, USA.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - David Scadden
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology Department, Harvard University, Cambridge, 02138, MA, USA
| | - Luke J Mortensen
- Regenerative Medicine Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Charles P Lin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Linheng Li
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory, Medicine University of Kansas, Kansas City, 66160, KA, USA
| | - Ariel Paulson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory, Medicine University of Kansas, Kansas City, 66160, KA, USA.,Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO, 66160, USA
| | - James Downing
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Daohong Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA. .,Department of Pharmacodynamics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
| | - Robert A Hromas
- Office of the Dean and the Cancer Center, Long School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA.
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23
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Estrada A, Garber PA, Mittermeier RA, Wich S, Gouveia S, Dobrovolski R, Nekaris K, Nijman V, Rylands AB, Maisels F, Williamson EA, Bicca-Marques J, Fuentes A, Jerusalinsky L, Johnson S, Rodrigues de Melo F, Oliveira L, Schwitzer C, Roos C, Cheyne SM, Martins Kierulff MC, Raharivololona B, Talebi M, Ratsimbazafy J, Supriatna J, Boonratana R, Wedana M, Setiawan A. Primates in peril: the significance of Brazil, Madagascar, Indonesia and the Democratic Republic of the Congo for global primate conservation. PeerJ 2018; 6:e4869. [PMID: 29922508 PMCID: PMC6005167 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.4869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Primates occur in 90 countries, but four-Brazil, Madagascar, Indonesia, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC)-harbor 65% of the world's primate species (439) and 60% of these primates are Threatened, Endangered, or Critically Endangered (IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2017-3). Considering their importance for global primate conservation, we examine the anthropogenic pressures each country is facing that place their primate populations at risk. Habitat loss and fragmentation are main threats to primates in Brazil, Madagascar, and Indonesia. However, in DRC hunting for the commercial bushmeat trade is the primary threat. Encroachment on primate habitats driven by local and global market demands for food and non-food commodities hunting, illegal trade, the proliferation of invasive species, and human and domestic-animal borne infectious diseases cause habitat loss, population declines, and extirpation. Modeling agricultural expansion in the 21st century for the four countries under a worst-case-scenario, showed a primate range contraction of 78% for Brazil, 72% for Indonesia, 62% for Madagascar, and 32% for DRC. These pressures unfold in the context of expanding human populations with low levels of development. Weak governance across these four countries may limit effective primate conservation planning. We examine landscape and local approaches to effective primate conservation policies and assess the distribution of protected areas and primates in each country. Primates in Brazil and Madagascar have 38% of their range inside protected areas, 17% in Indonesia and 14% in DRC, suggesting that the great majority of primate populations remain vulnerable. We list the key challenges faced by the four countries to avert primate extinctions now and in the future. In the short term, effective law enforcement to stop illegal hunting and illegal forest destruction is absolutely key. Long-term success can only be achieved by focusing local and global public awareness, and actively engaging with international organizations, multinational businesses and consumer nations to reduce unsustainable demands on the environment. Finally, the four primate range countries need to ensure that integrated, sustainable land-use planning for economic development includes the maintenance of biodiversity and intact, functional natural ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Estrada
- Institute of Biology, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Paul A. Garber
- Department of Anthropology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | | | - Serge Wich
- School of Natural Sciences and Psychology and Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, Liverpool John Moores University and University of Amsterdam, Liverpool, UK
| | - Sidney Gouveia
- Department of Ecology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Brazil
| | | | - K.A.I. Nekaris
- Department of Social Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK
| | - Vincent Nijman
- Department of Social Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Fiona Maisels
- Global Conservation Program, Wildlife Conservation Society, NY, USA
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, Scotland, UK
| | | | | | - Agustin Fuentes
- Department of Anthropology, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Leandro Jerusalinsky
- Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade, Ministério do Meio Ambiente, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Steig Johnson
- Department of Anthropology and Archaeology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Fabiano Rodrigues de Melo
- Universidade Federal de Goiás and Dept. Eng. Florestal, Campus UFV, UFV, Viçosa, Brazil, Jataí Viçosa, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Oliveira
- Departamento de Ciências, Faculdade de Formação de Professores, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (DCIEN/FFP/UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Christian Roos
- Deutsches Primatenzentrum, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Susan M. Cheyne
- Borneo Nature Foundation, Palangka Raya, Indonesia
- Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK
| | - Maria Cecilia Martins Kierulff
- Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Instituto Pri-Matas and Centro Universitário Norte do Espírito Santo, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Brigitte Raharivololona
- Mention Anthropobiologie et Développement Durable, University of Antananarivo, Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | - Mauricio Talebi
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Diadema, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jonah Ratsimbazafy
- Groupe d’étude et de recherche sur les primates (Gerp), Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | - Jatna Supriatna
- Graduate Program in Conservation Biology, Department of Biology FMIPA, University of Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia
| | - Ramesh Boonratana
- Mahidol University International College, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Made Wedana
- The Aspinall Foundation–Indonesia Program, Bandung West Java, Indonesia
| | - Arif Setiawan
- SwaraOwa, Coffee and Primate Conservation Project, Java, Central Java, Indonesia
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24
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25
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Strindberg S, Maisels F, Williamson EA, Blake S, Stokes EJ, Aba’a R, Abitsi G, Agbor A, Ambahe RD, Bakabana PC, Bechem M, Berlemont A, Bokoto de Semboli B, Boundja PR, Bout N, Breuer T, Campbell G, De Wachter P, Ella Akou M, Esono Mba F, Feistner ATC, Fosso B, Fotso R, Greer D, Inkamba-Nkulu C, Iyenguet CF, Jeffery KJ, Kokangoye M, Kühl HS, Latour S, Madzoke B, Makoumbou C, Malanda GAF, Malonga R, Mbolo V, Morgan DB, Motsaba P, Moukala G, Mowawa BS, Murai M, Ndzai C, Nishihara T, Nzooh Z, Pintea L, Pokempner A, Rainey HJ, Rayden T, Ruffler H, Sanz CM, Todd A, Vanleeuwe H, Vosper A, Warren Y, Wilkie DS. Guns, germs, and trees determine density and distribution of gorillas and chimpanzees in Western Equatorial Africa. Sci Adv 2018; 4:eaar2964. [PMID: 29707637 PMCID: PMC5916511 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aar2964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We present a range-wide assessment of sympatric western lowland gorillas Gorilla gorilla gorilla and central chimpanzees Pan troglodytes troglodytes using the largest survey data set ever assembled for these taxa: 59 sites in five countries surveyed between 2003 and 2013, totaling 61,000 person-days of fieldwork. We used spatial modeling to investigate major drivers of great ape distribution and population trends. We predicted density across each taxon's geographic range, allowing us to estimate overall abundance: 361,900 gorillas and 128,700 chimpanzees in Western Equatorial Africa-substantially higher than previous estimates. These two subspecies represent close to 99% of all gorillas and one-third of all chimpanzees. Annual population decline of gorillas was estimated at 2.7%, maintaining them as Critically Endangered on the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) Red List. We quantified the threats to each taxon, of which the three greatest were poaching, disease, and habitat degradation. Gorillas and chimpanzees are found at higher densities where forest is intact, wildlife laws are enforced, human influence is low, and disease impacts have been low. Strategic use of the results of these analyses could conserve the majority of gorillas and chimpanzees. With around 80% of both subspecies occurring outside protected areas, their conservation requires reinforcement of anti-poaching efforts both inside and outside protected areas (particularly where habitat quality is high and human impact is low), diligent disease control measures (including training, advocacy, and research into Ebola virus disease), and the preservation of high-quality habitat through integrated land-use planning and implementation of best practices by the extractive and agricultural industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Strindberg
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Global Conservation Program, 2300 Southern Boulevard, Bronx, New York, NY 10460, USA
| | - Fiona Maisels
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Global Conservation Program, 2300 Southern Boulevard, Bronx, New York, NY 10460, USA
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, Scotland, UK
| | | | - Stephen Blake
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Global Conservation Program, 2300 Southern Boulevard, Bronx, New York, NY 10460, USA
- Department of Biology, Saint Louis University, Macelwane Hall, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - Emma J. Stokes
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Global Conservation Program, 2300 Southern Boulevard, Bronx, New York, NY 10460, USA
| | - Rostand Aba’a
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Global Conservation Program, 2300 Southern Boulevard, Bronx, New York, NY 10460, USA
| | - Gaspard Abitsi
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Global Conservation Program, 2300 Southern Boulevard, Bronx, New York, NY 10460, USA
| | - Anthony Agbor
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Conservation International, 2011 Crystal Drive, Suite 500, Arlington, VA 22202, USA
| | - Ruffin D. Ambahe
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Global Conservation Program, 2300 Southern Boulevard, Bronx, New York, NY 10460, USA
| | - Parfait C. Bakabana
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Global Conservation Program, 2300 Southern Boulevard, Bronx, New York, NY 10460, USA
| | - Martha Bechem
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Global Conservation Program, 2300 Southern Boulevard, Bronx, New York, NY 10460, USA
- Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES)–Monitoring the Illegal Killing of Elephants (MIKE), MIKE Subregional Office, Yaoundé, BP 5506, Cameroon
| | - Antoine Berlemont
- Conservation International, 2011 Crystal Drive, Suite 500, Arlington, VA 22202, USA
| | | | - Patrick R. Boundja
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Global Conservation Program, 2300 Southern Boulevard, Bronx, New York, NY 10460, USA
| | - Nicolas Bout
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Global Conservation Program, 2300 Southern Boulevard, Bronx, New York, NY 10460, USA
| | - Thomas Breuer
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Global Conservation Program, 2300 Southern Boulevard, Bronx, New York, NY 10460, USA
| | - Genevieve Campbell
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Pauwel De Wachter
- World Wildlife Fund International, Regional Office for Africa, BP 6776 Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Marc Ella Akou
- World Wildlife Fund International, Regional Office for Africa, BP 6776 Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Fidel Esono Mba
- Instituto Nacional de Desarrollo Forestal y Gestión del Sistema Nacional de Áreas Protegidas, Bata, Equatorial Guinea
| | - Anna T. C. Feistner
- World Wildlife Fund International, Regional Office for Africa, BP 6776 Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Bernard Fosso
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Global Conservation Program, 2300 Southern Boulevard, Bronx, New York, NY 10460, USA
| | - Roger Fotso
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Global Conservation Program, 2300 Southern Boulevard, Bronx, New York, NY 10460, USA
| | - David Greer
- World Wildlife Fund International, Regional Office for Africa, BP 6776 Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Clement Inkamba-Nkulu
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Global Conservation Program, 2300 Southern Boulevard, Bronx, New York, NY 10460, USA
| | - Calixte F. Iyenguet
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Global Conservation Program, 2300 Southern Boulevard, Bronx, New York, NY 10460, USA
| | - Kathryn J. Jeffery
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, Scotland, UK
| | - Max Kokangoye
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Global Conservation Program, 2300 Southern Boulevard, Bronx, New York, NY 10460, USA
| | - Hjalmar S. Kühl
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Robert Bosch Junior Professor, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Halle-Leipzig-Jena, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Stephanie Latour
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Global Conservation Program, 2300 Southern Boulevard, Bronx, New York, NY 10460, USA
- The Jane Goodall Institute, 1595 Spring Hill Road, Suite 550, Vienna, VA 22182, USA
| | - Bola Madzoke
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Global Conservation Program, 2300 Southern Boulevard, Bronx, New York, NY 10460, USA
| | - Calixte Makoumbou
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Global Conservation Program, 2300 Southern Boulevard, Bronx, New York, NY 10460, USA
| | - Guy-Aimé F. Malanda
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Global Conservation Program, 2300 Southern Boulevard, Bronx, New York, NY 10460, USA
| | - Richard Malonga
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Global Conservation Program, 2300 Southern Boulevard, Bronx, New York, NY 10460, USA
| | - Victor Mbolo
- World Wildlife Fund International, Regional Office for Africa, BP 6776 Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - David B. Morgan
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Global Conservation Program, 2300 Southern Boulevard, Bronx, New York, NY 10460, USA
- Lester E. Fisher Center for the Study and Conservation of Apes, Lincoln Park Zoo, 2001 North Clark Street, Chicago, IL 60614, USA
| | - Prosper Motsaba
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Global Conservation Program, 2300 Southern Boulevard, Bronx, New York, NY 10460, USA
| | - Gabin Moukala
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Global Conservation Program, 2300 Southern Boulevard, Bronx, New York, NY 10460, USA
| | - Brice S. Mowawa
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Global Conservation Program, 2300 Southern Boulevard, Bronx, New York, NY 10460, USA
| | - Mizuki Murai
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Conservation International, 2011 Crystal Drive, Suite 500, Arlington, VA 22202, USA
| | - Christian Ndzai
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Global Conservation Program, 2300 Southern Boulevard, Bronx, New York, NY 10460, USA
| | - Tomoaki Nishihara
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Global Conservation Program, 2300 Southern Boulevard, Bronx, New York, NY 10460, USA
| | - Zacharie Nzooh
- World Wildlife Fund International, Regional Office for Africa, BP 6776 Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Lilian Pintea
- The Jane Goodall Institute, 1595 Spring Hill Road, Suite 550, Vienna, VA 22182, USA
| | - Amy Pokempner
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Global Conservation Program, 2300 Southern Boulevard, Bronx, New York, NY 10460, USA
| | - Hugo J. Rainey
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Global Conservation Program, 2300 Southern Boulevard, Bronx, New York, NY 10460, USA
| | - Tim Rayden
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Global Conservation Program, 2300 Southern Boulevard, Bronx, New York, NY 10460, USA
| | - Heidi Ruffler
- Conservation International, 2011 Crystal Drive, Suite 500, Arlington, VA 22202, USA
| | - Crickette M. Sanz
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Global Conservation Program, 2300 Southern Boulevard, Bronx, New York, NY 10460, USA
- Department of Anthropology, Washington University, 1 Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Angelique Todd
- World Wildlife Fund International, Regional Office for Africa, BP 6776 Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Hilde Vanleeuwe
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Global Conservation Program, 2300 Southern Boulevard, Bronx, New York, NY 10460, USA
| | - Ashley Vosper
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Global Conservation Program, 2300 Southern Boulevard, Bronx, New York, NY 10460, USA
| | - Ymke Warren
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Global Conservation Program, 2300 Southern Boulevard, Bronx, New York, NY 10460, USA
| | - David S. Wilkie
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Global Conservation Program, 2300 Southern Boulevard, Bronx, New York, NY 10460, USA
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Srinivasan G, Sidhu GS, Williamson EA, Jaiswal AS, Najmunnisa N, Wilcoxen K, Jones D, George TJ, Hromas R. Synthetic lethality in malignant pleural mesothelioma with PARP1 inhibition. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2017; 80:861-867. [PMID: 28756516 PMCID: PMC5608777 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-017-3401-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Malignant pleural mesotheliomas (MPM) are most often surgically unresectable, and they respond poorly to current chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Between 23 and 64% of malignant pleural mesothelioma have somatic inactivating mutations in the BAP1 gene. BAP1 is a homologous recombination (HR) DNA repair component found in the BRCA1/BARD1 complex. Similar to BRCA1/2 deficient cancers, mutation in the BAP1 gene leads to a deficient HR pathway and increases the reliance on other DNA repair pathways. We hypothesized that BAP1-mutant MPM would require PARP1 for survival, similar to the BRCA1/2 mutant breast and ovarian cancers. Therefore, we used the clinical PARP1 inhibitors niraparib and olaparib to assess whether they could induce synthetic lethality in MPM. Surprisingly, we found that all MPM cell lines examined, regardless of BAP1 status, were addicted to PARP1-mediated DNA repair for survival. We found that niraparib and olaparib exposure markedly decreased clonal survival in multiple MPM cell lines, with and without BAP1 mutations. This clonal cell death may be due to the extensive replication fork collapse and genomic instability that PARP1 inhibition induces in MPM cells. The requirement of MPM cells for PARP1 suggests that they may generally arise from defects in HR DNA repair. More importantly, these data demonstrate that the PARP1 inhibitors could be effective in the treatment of MPM, for which little effective therapy exists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayathri Srinivasan
- Department of Medicine and the Cancer Center, University of Florida Health, 1600 SW Archer Rd, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Gurjit Singh Sidhu
- Department of Medicine and the Cancer Center, University of Florida Health, 1600 SW Archer Rd, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Williamson
- Department of Medicine and the Cancer Center, University of Florida Health, 1600 SW Archer Rd, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Aruna S Jaiswal
- Department of Medicine and the Cancer Center, University of Florida Health, 1600 SW Archer Rd, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Nasreen Najmunnisa
- Department of Medicine and the Cancer Center, University of Florida Health, 1600 SW Archer Rd, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | | | - Dennie Jones
- Department of Medicine and the Cancer Center, University of Florida Health, 1600 SW Archer Rd, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Thomas J George
- Department of Medicine and the Cancer Center, University of Florida Health, 1600 SW Archer Rd, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
| | - Robert Hromas
- Department of Medicine and the Cancer Center, University of Florida Health, 1600 SW Archer Rd, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
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Nickoloff JA, Jones D, Lee SH, Williamson EA, Hromas R. Drugging the Cancers Addicted to DNA Repair. J Natl Cancer Inst 2017; 109:3832892. [PMID: 28521333 PMCID: PMC5436301 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djx059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Defects in DNA repair can result in oncogenic genomic instability. Cancers occurring from DNA repair defects were once thought to be limited to rare inherited mutations (such as BRCA1 or 2). It now appears that a clinically significant fraction of cancers have acquired DNA repair defects. DNA repair pathways operate in related networks, and cancers arising from loss of one DNA repair component typically become addicted to other repair pathways to survive and proliferate. Drug inhibition of the rescue repair pathway prevents the repair-deficient cancer cell from replicating, causing apoptosis (termed synthetic lethality). However, the selective pressure of inhibiting the rescue repair pathway can generate further mutations that confer resistance to the synthetic lethal drugs. Many such drugs currently in clinical use inhibit PARP1, a repair component to which cancers arising from inherited BRCA1 or 2 mutations become addicted. It is now clear that drugs inducing synthetic lethality may also be therapeutic in cancers with acquired DNA repair defects, which would markedly broaden their applicability beyond treatment of cancers with inherited DNA repair defects. Here we review how each DNA repair pathway can be attacked therapeutically and evaluate DNA repair components as potential drug targets to induce synthetic lethality. Clinical use of drugs targeting DNA repair will markedly increase when functional and genetic loss of repair components are consistently identified. In addition, future therapies will exploit artificial synthetic lethality, where complementary DNA repair pathways are targeted simultaneously in cancers without DNA repair defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jac A Nickoloff
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Dennie Jones
- Department of Medicine and the Cancer Center, University of Florida Health, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Suk-Hee Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Williamson
- Department of Medicine and the Cancer Center, University of Florida Health, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Robert Hromas
- Department of Medicine and the Cancer Center, University of Florida Health, Gainesville, FL, USA
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Kühl HS, Sop T, Williamson EA, Mundry R, Brugière D, Campbell G, Cohen H, Danquah E, Ginn L, Herbinger I, Jones S, Junker J, Kormos R, Kouakou CY, N'Goran PK, Normand E, Shutt-Phillips K, Tickle A, Vendras E, Welsh A, Wessling EG, Boesch C. The Critically Endangered western chimpanzee declines by 80%. Am J Primatol 2017; 79. [DOI: 10.1002/ajp.22681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Revised: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hjalmar S. Kühl
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology; Leipzig Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv); Halle-Jena-Leipzig; Leipzig Germany
| | - Tenekwetche Sop
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology; Leipzig Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv); Halle-Jena-Leipzig; Leipzig Germany
| | | | - Roger Mundry
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology; Leipzig Germany
| | - David Brugière
- Projets Biodiversité et Ressources Naturelles BRL Ingénierie; Nimes Cedex France
| | | | - Heather Cohen
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology; Leipzig Germany
| | - Emmanuel Danquah
- Department of Wildlife and Range Management, Faculty of Renewable Natural Resources; Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology; Kumasi Ghana
| | - Laura Ginn
- Anthropology Centre for Conservation, Environment and Development; Oxford Brookes University; Oxford UK
| | | | - Sorrel Jones
- RSPB Centre for Conservation Science; The Lodge; Sandy Beds UK
- Royal Holloway University of London; Egham Hill; Egham UK
| | - Jessica Junker
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology; Leipzig Germany
| | - Rebecca Kormos
- Department of Integrative Biology; University of California; Berkeley California
| | - Celestin Y. Kouakou
- Wild Chimpanzee Foundation; Abidjan Côte d'Ivoire
- Université Jean Lorougnon Guédé; Daloa Côte d'Ivoire
- Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques en Côte d'Ivoire; Abidjan Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Paul K. N'Goran
- WWF International Regional Office for Africa; Yaoundé Cameroon
| | - Emma Normand
- Wild Chimpanzee Foundation; Abidjan Côte d'Ivoire
| | | | - Alexander Tickle
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology; Leipzig Germany
| | - Elleni Vendras
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology; Leipzig Germany
- Regional Environmental Center for Eastern and Central Europe; Warsaw Poland
| | - Adam Welsh
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology; Leipzig Germany
| | - Erin G. Wessling
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology; Leipzig Germany
| | - Christophe Boesch
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology; Leipzig Germany
- Wild Chimpanzee Foundation; Abidjan Côte d'Ivoire
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Jaiswal AS, Williamson EA, Patel B, Srinivasan G, Narayan S, Hromas RA. Abstract 1420: The endonuclease Metnase promotes base excision repair of Clustered abasic DNA lesions. Cancer Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2017-1420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Metnase, a human SET-transposase fusion protein contains two functional domains: a SET domain and transposase domain. Transposase domain exhibit strand transfer and end joining activity while set domain is responsible for histone lysine methyltransferase activity (KMT). Metnase also increases the efficiency of double strand break repair by non-homologous end joining (NHEJ); however, its role in the excision of clustered DNA damage remains to be investigated. We hypothesize that 5’-3’ endonuclease activity of metnase could possibly substitute for APE1 in BER and serve as an alternative initiator of BER in tumor cells lacking APE1. In the present study, we examined in vitro endonuclease activity of Metnase using abasic site containing artificial DNA, and describe its activity in BER. Its unique 5’ endonuclease activity was selective only for abasic lesions, but not other base modifications such as 8-oxoguanine, uracil, hypoxanthine or xanthenes. Metnase specifically initiates removal of reduced abasic lesions from DNA, and allows completion of short-patch or long-patch BER. APE1 has difficulty cleaving 5’ of clustered abasic lesions. This endonuclease that promotes BER in clustered oxidative DNA damage is not known. Metnase also cleaves multiple abasic lesions (clustered DNA damage) and facilitates the repair of DNA if the multiple DNA damages are 3 or more nucleotides apart on the opposing strands. However, repair of multiple DNA damages remains inefficient if these are in close proximity of each other (< 3nt apart on the opposing strands) and results in DNA double strand break (DSB). These results suggest that Metnase can promote BER of oxidative nucleotides, where APE1 is unable to function.
Citation Format: Aruna S. Jaiswal, Elizabeth A. Williamson, Bhavita Patel, Gayathri Srinivasan, Satya Narayan, Robert A. Hromas. The endonuclease Metnase promotes base excision repair of Clustered abasic DNA lesions [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 1420. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-1420
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Chun C, Wu Y, Lee SH, Williamson EA, Reinert BL, Jaiswal AS, Nickoloff JA, Hromas RA. The homologous recombination component EEPD1 is required for genome stability in response to developmental stress of vertebrate embryogenesis. Cell Cycle 2017; 15:957-62. [PMID: 26900729 PMCID: PMC4889227 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2016.1151585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Stressed replication forks can be conservatively repaired and restarted using homologous recombination (HR), initiated by nuclease cleavage of branched structures at stalled forks. We previously reported that the 5' nuclease EEPD1 is recruited to stressed replication forks, where it plays critical early roles in HR initiation by promoting fork cleavage and end resection. HR repair of stressed replication forks prevents their repair by non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ), which would cause genome instability. Rapid cell division during vertebrate embryonic development generates enormous pressure to maintain replication speed and accuracy. To determine the role of EEPD1 in maintaining replication fork integrity and genome stability during rapid cell division in embryonic development, we assessed the role of EEPD1 during zebrafish embryogenesis. We show here that when EEPD1 is depleted, zebrafish embryos fail to develop normally and have a marked increase in death rate. Zebrafish embryos depleted of EEPD1 are far more sensitive to replication stress caused by nucleotide depletion. We hypothesized that the HR defect with EEPD1 depletion would shift repair of stressed replication forks to unopposed NHEJ, causing chromosome abnormalities. Consistent with this, EEPD1 depletion results in nuclear defects including anaphase bridges and micronuclei in stressed zebrafish embryos, similar to BRCA1 deficiency. These results demonstrate that the newly characterized HR protein EEPD1 maintains genome stability during embryonic replication stress. These data also imply that the rapid cell cycle transit seen during embryonic development produces replication stress that requires HR to resolve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changzoon Chun
- a Division of Hematology/Oncology , Department of Medicine, University of Florida Health , Gainesville , FL , USA
| | - Yuehan Wu
- a Division of Hematology/Oncology , Department of Medicine, University of Florida Health , Gainesville , FL , USA
| | - Suk-Hee Lee
- b Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , Indiana University School of Medicine , Indianapolis , IN , USA
| | - Elizabeth A Williamson
- a Division of Hematology/Oncology , Department of Medicine, University of Florida Health , Gainesville , FL , USA
| | - Brian L Reinert
- a Division of Hematology/Oncology , Department of Medicine, University of Florida Health , Gainesville , FL , USA
| | - Aruna Shanker Jaiswal
- a Division of Hematology/Oncology , Department of Medicine, University of Florida Health , Gainesville , FL , USA
| | - Jac A Nickoloff
- c Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences , Colorado State University , Fort Collins , CO , USA
| | - Robert A Hromas
- a Division of Hematology/Oncology , Department of Medicine, University of Florida Health , Gainesville , FL , USA
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Kim HS, Nickoloff JA, Wu Y, Williamson EA, Sidhu GS, Reinert BL, Jaiswal AS, Srinivasan G, Patel B, Kong K, Burma S, Lee SH, Hromas RA. Endonuclease EEPD1 Is a Gatekeeper for Repair of Stressed Replication Forks. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:2795-2804. [PMID: 28049724 PMCID: PMC5314175 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.758235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Revised: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Replication is not as continuous as once thought, with DNA damage frequently stalling replication forks. Aberrant repair of stressed replication forks can result in cell death or genome instability and resulting transformation to malignancy. Stressed replication forks are most commonly repaired via homologous recombination (HR), which begins with 5′ end resection, mediated by exonuclease complexes, one of which contains Exo1. However, Exo1 requires free 5′-DNA ends upon which to act, and these are not commonly present in non-reversed stalled replication forks. To generate a free 5′ end, stalled replication forks must therefore be cleaved. Although several candidate endonucleases have been implicated in cleavage of stalled replication forks to permit end resection, the identity of such an endonuclease remains elusive. Here we show that the 5′-endonuclease EEPD1 cleaves replication forks at the junction between the lagging parental strand and the unreplicated DNA parental double strands. This cleavage creates the structure that Exo1 requires for 5′ end resection and HR initiation. We observed that EEPD1 and Exo1 interact constitutively, and Exo1 repairs stalled replication forks poorly without EEPD1. Thus, EEPD1 performs a gatekeeper function for replication fork repair by mediating the fork cleavage that permits initiation of HR-mediated repair and restart of stressed forks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Suk Kim
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202
| | - Jac A Nickoloff
- the Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523
| | - Yuehan Wu
- the Department of Medicine and the Cancer Center, University of Florida Health, Gainesville, Florida 32610, and
| | - Elizabeth A Williamson
- the Department of Medicine and the Cancer Center, University of Florida Health, Gainesville, Florida 32610, and
| | - Gurjit Singh Sidhu
- the Department of Medicine and the Cancer Center, University of Florida Health, Gainesville, Florida 32610, and
| | - Brian L Reinert
- the Department of Medicine and the Cancer Center, University of Florida Health, Gainesville, Florida 32610, and
| | - Aruna S Jaiswal
- the Department of Medicine and the Cancer Center, University of Florida Health, Gainesville, Florida 32610, and
| | - Gayathri Srinivasan
- the Department of Medicine and the Cancer Center, University of Florida Health, Gainesville, Florida 32610, and
| | - Bhavita Patel
- the Department of Medicine and the Cancer Center, University of Florida Health, Gainesville, Florida 32610, and
| | - Kimi Kong
- the Department of Medicine and the Cancer Center, University of Florida Health, Gainesville, Florida 32610, and
| | - Sandeep Burma
- the Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390
| | - Suk-Hee Lee
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202,
| | - Robert A Hromas
- the Department of Medicine and the Cancer Center, University of Florida Health, Gainesville, Florida 32610, and
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Kim HS, Williamson EA, Nickoloff JA, Hromas RA, Lee SH. Metnase Mediates Loading of Exonuclease 1 onto Single Strand Overhang DNA for End Resection at Stalled Replication Forks. J Biol Chem 2016; 292:1414-1425. [PMID: 27974460 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.745646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Revised: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Stalling at DNA replication forks generates stretches of single-stranded (ss) DNA on both strands that are exposed to nucleolytic degradation, potentially compromising genome stability. One enzyme crucial for DNA replication fork repair and restart of stalled forks in human is Metnase (also known as SETMAR), a chimeric fusion protein consisting of a su(var)3-9, enhancer-of-zeste and trithorax (SET) histone methylase and transposase nuclease domain. We previously showed that Metnase possesses a unique fork cleavage activity necessary for its function in replication restart and that its SET domain is essential for recovery from hydroxyurea-induced DNA damage. However, its exact role in replication restart is unclear. In this study, we show that Metnase associates with exonuclease 1 (Exo1), a 5'-exonuclease crucial for 5'-end resection to mediate DNA processing at stalled forks. Metnase DNA cleavage activity was not required for Exo1 5'-exonuclease activity on the lagging strand daughter DNA, but its DNA binding activity mediated loading of Exo1 onto ssDNA overhangs. Metnase-induced enhancement of Exo1-mediated DNA strand resection required the presence of these overhangs but did not require Metnase's DNA cleavage activity. These results suggest that Metnase enhances Exo1-mediated exonuclease activity on the lagging strand DNA by facilitating Exo1 loading onto a single strand gap at the stalled replication fork.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Suk Kim
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202
| | - Elizabeth A Williamson
- the Department of Medicine, University of Florida and Shands Health Care System, Gainesville, Florida 32610, and
| | - Jac A Nickoloff
- the Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523
| | - Robert A Hromas
- the Department of Medicine, University of Florida and Shands Health Care System, Gainesville, Florida 32610, and
| | - Suk-Hee Lee
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202,
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Plumptre AJ, Nixon S, Kujirakwinja DK, Vieilledent G, Critchlow R, Williamson EA, Nishuli R, Kirkby AE, Hall JS. Catastrophic Decline of World's Largest Primate: 80% Loss of Grauer's Gorilla (Gorilla beringei graueri) Population Justifies Critically Endangered Status. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0162697. [PMID: 27760201 PMCID: PMC5070872 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0162697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Grauer’s gorilla (Gorilla beringei graueri), the World’s largest primate, is confined to eastern Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) and is threatened by civil war and insecurity. During the war, armed groups in mining camps relied on hunting bushmeat, including gorillas. Insecurity and the presence of several militia groups across Grauer’s gorilla’s range made it very difficult to assess their population size. Here we use a novel method that enables rigorous assessment of local community and ranger-collected data on gorilla occupancy to evaluate the impacts of civil war on Grauer’s gorilla, which prior to the war was estimated to number 16,900 individuals. We show that gorilla numbers in their stronghold of Kahuzi-Biega National Park have declined by 87%. Encounter rate data of gorilla nests at 10 sites across its range indicate declines of 82–100% at six of these sites. Spatial occupancy analysis identifies three key areas as the most critical sites for the remaining populations of this ape and that the range of this taxon is around 19,700 km2. We estimate that only 3,800 Grauer’s gorillas remain in the wild, a 77% decline in one generation, justifying its elevation to Critically Endangered status on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J. Plumptre
- Wildlife Conservation Society, 2300 Southern Boulevard, Bronx, New York 10460, United States of America
- Conservation Science Group, Department of Zoology, David Attenborough Building, Cambridge University, Pembroke Road, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Stuart Nixon
- North of England Zoological Society, Chester Zoo, Upton by Chester, CH2 1LH, United Kingdom
| | - Deo K. Kujirakwinja
- Wildlife Conservation Society, 2300 Southern Boulevard, Bronx, New York 10460, United States of America
| | | | - Rob Critchlow
- Department of Biology, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | | | - Radar Nishuli
- Institut Congolais pour la Conservation de la Nature (ICCN), Bukavu, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Andrew E. Kirkby
- Wildlife Conservation Society, 2300 Southern Boulevard, Bronx, New York 10460, United States of America
| | - Jefferson S. Hall
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Av. Roosevelt 401, Balboa, Ancon, Panama
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Abstract
Objective: Report of a nurse-led clinic to assess varicose veins and, based on locally developed guidelines, only offer treatment to those with skin changes and ulcers in order to reduce the number of patients listed for surgery. Methods: Over 12 months, 152 patients were seen and 145 diagnosed as having varicose veins. Results: Surgery was considered necessary for 38% of those with varicose veins. The remaining 62% were not listed for treatment. When compared with the previous 12 months, 53% fewer patients were listed for surgery and the number on the waiting list had fallen by 62%. Conclusions: This new service was considered to have achieved its aim of reducing the size of the waiting list.
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Wu Y, Lee SH, Williamson EA, Reinert BL, Cho JH, Xia F, Jaiswal AS, Srinivasan G, Patel B, Brantley A, Zhou D, Shao L, Pathak R, Hauer-Jensen M, Singh S, Kong K, Wu X, Kim HS, Beissbarth T, Gaedcke J, Burma S, Nickoloff JA, Hromas RA. EEPD1 Rescues Stressed Replication Forks and Maintains Genome Stability by Promoting End Resection and Homologous Recombination Repair. PLoS Genet 2015; 11:e1005675. [PMID: 26684013 PMCID: PMC4684289 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1005675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Replication fork stalling and collapse is a major source of genome instability leading to neoplastic transformation or cell death. Such stressed replication forks can be conservatively repaired and restarted using homologous recombination (HR) or non-conservatively repaired using micro-homology mediated end joining (MMEJ). HR repair of stressed forks is initiated by 5’ end resection near the fork junction, which permits 3’ single strand invasion of a homologous template for fork restart. This 5’ end resection also prevents classical non-homologous end-joining (cNHEJ), a competing pathway for DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair. Unopposed NHEJ can cause genome instability during replication stress by abnormally fusing free double strand ends that occur as unstable replication fork repair intermediates. We show here that the previously uncharacterized Exonuclease/Endonuclease/Phosphatase Domain-1 (EEPD1) protein is required for initiating repair and restart of stalled forks. EEPD1 is recruited to stalled forks, enhances 5’ DNA end resection, and promotes restart of stalled forks. Interestingly, EEPD1 directs DSB repair away from cNHEJ, and also away from MMEJ, which requires limited end resection for initiation. EEPD1 is also required for proper ATR and CHK1 phosphorylation, and formation of gamma-H2AX, RAD51 and phospho-RPA32 foci. Consistent with a direct role in stalled replication fork cleavage, EEPD1 is a 5’ overhang nuclease in an obligate complex with the end resection nuclease Exo1 and BLM. EEPD1 depletion causes nuclear and cytogenetic defects, which are made worse by replication stress. Depleting 53BP1, which slows cNHEJ, fully rescues the nuclear and cytogenetic abnormalities seen with EEPD1 depletion. These data demonstrate that genome stability during replication stress is maintained by EEPD1, which initiates HR and inhibits cNHEJ and MMEJ. The cell itself damages its own DNA throughout the cell cycle as a result of oxidative metabolism, and this damage creates barriers for replication fork progression. Thus, DNA replication is not a smooth and continuous process, but rather one of stalls and restarts. Therefore, proper replication fork restart is crucial to maintain the integrity of the cell’s genome, and preventing its own death or immortalization. To restart after stalling, the replication fork subverts a DNA repair pathway termed homologous recombination. Using any other pathway for fork repair will result in an unstable genome. How the homologous recombination repair pathway is initiated at the replication fork is not well defined. In this study we demonstrate the previously uncharacterized EEPD1 protein is a novel gatekeeper for the initiation of this fork repair pathway. EEPD1 promotes 5’ end resection, the initial step of homologous recombination, which also prevents alternative fork repair pathways that lead to unstable chromosomes. Thus, EEPD1 protects the integrity of the cell genome by promoting the safe homologous recombination fork repair pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuehan Wu
- Department of Medicine and the Cancer Center, University of Florida Health, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Suk-Hee Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth A. Williamson
- Department of Medicine and the Cancer Center, University of Florida Health, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Brian L. Reinert
- Department of Medicine and the Cancer Center, University of Florida Health, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Ju Hwan Cho
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Fen Xia
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Aruna Shanker Jaiswal
- Department of Medicine and the Cancer Center, University of Florida Health, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Gayathri Srinivasan
- Department of Medicine and the Cancer Center, University of Florida Health, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Bhavita Patel
- Department of Medicine and the Cancer Center, University of Florida Health, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Alexis Brantley
- Department of Medicine and the Cancer Center, University of Florida Health, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Daohong Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States of America
| | - Lijian Shao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States of America
| | - Rupak Pathak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States of America
| | - Martin Hauer-Jensen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States of America
| | - Sudha Singh
- Department of Medicine and the Cancer Center, University of Florida Health, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Kimi Kong
- Department of Craniofacial Regeneration, College of Dental Medicine, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Xaiohua Wu
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Hyun-Suk Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Timothy Beissbarth
- Department of Medical Statistics, and General, Visceral, and Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jochen Gaedcke
- Department of Medical Statistics, and General, Visceral, and Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sandeep Burma
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jac A. Nickoloff
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
- * E-mail: (JAN); (RAH)
| | - Robert A. Hromas
- Department of Medicine and the Cancer Center, University of Florida Health, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- * E-mail: (JAN); (RAH)
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Hockings KJ, McLennan MR, Carvalho S, Ancrenaz M, Bobe R, Byrne RW, Dunbar RIM, Matsuzawa T, McGrew WC, Williamson EA, Wilson ML, Wood B, Wrangham RW, Hill CM. Apes in the Anthropocene: flexibility and survival. Trends Ecol Evol 2015; 30:215-22. [PMID: 25766059 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2015.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Revised: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We are in a new epoch, the Anthropocene, and research into our closest living relatives, the great apes, must keep pace with the rate that our species is driving change. While a goal of many studies is to understand how great apes behave in natural contexts, the impact of human activities must increasingly be taken into account. This is both a challenge and an opportunity, which can importantly inform research in three diverse fields: cognition, human evolution, and conservation. No long-term great ape research site is wholly unaffected by human influence, but research at those that are especially affected by human activity is particularly important for ensuring that our great ape kin survive the Anthropocene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberley J Hockings
- Anthropology Centre for Conservation, Environment and Development, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK; Centre for Research in Anthropology (CRIA-FCSH/UNL), Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Matthew R McLennan
- Anthropology Centre for Conservation, Environment and Development, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK
| | - Susana Carvalho
- Center for the Advanced Study of Hominid Paleobiology, George Washington University, Washington DC, WA 20052, USA; Interdisciplinary Center for Archaeology and Evolution of Human Behavior, Universidade do Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Marc Ancrenaz
- HUTAN/Kinabatangan Orangutan Conservation Programme, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - René Bobe
- Center for the Advanced Study of Hominid Paleobiology, George Washington University, Washington DC, WA 20052, USA
| | - Richard W Byrne
- School of Psychology & Neuroscience, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK
| | - Robin I M Dunbar
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Tetsuro Matsuzawa
- Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Japan; Japan Monkey Centre, Inuyama, Japan
| | - William C McGrew
- Department of Archaeology and Anthropology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Michael L Wilson
- Department of Anthropology and Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Bernard Wood
- Center for the Advanced Study of Hominid Paleobiology, George Washington University, Washington DC, WA 20052, USA
| | - Richard W Wrangham
- Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02138, USA
| | - Catherine M Hill
- Anthropology Centre for Conservation, Environment and Development, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK
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Williamson EA, Wu Y, Singh S, Byrne M, Wray J, Lee SH, Nickoloff JA, Hromas R. The DNA repair component Metnase regulates Chk1 stability. Cell Div 2014; 9:1. [PMID: 25024738 PMCID: PMC4094783 DOI: 10.1186/1747-1028-9-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2014] [Accepted: 06/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Chk1 both arrests replication forks and enhances repair of DNA damage by phosphorylation of downstream effectors. Metnase (also termed SETMAR) is a SET histone methylase and transposase nuclease protein that promotes both DNA double strand break (DSB) repair and re-start of stalled replication forks. We previously found that Chk1 phosphorylation of Metnase on S495 enhanced its DNA DSB repair activity but decreased its ability to re-start stalled replication forks. Here we show that phosphorylated Metnase feeds back to increase the half-life of Chk1. Chk1 half-life is regulated by DDB1 targeting it to Cul4A for ubiquitination and destruction. Metnase decreases Chk1 interaction with DDB1, and decreases Chk1 ubiquitination. These data define a novel pathway for Chk1 regulation, whereby a target of Chk1, Metnase, feeds back to amplify Chk1 stability, and therefore enhance replication fork arrest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Williamson
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, 1600 Archer Rd SW, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Yuehan Wu
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, 1600 Archer Rd SW, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Sudha Singh
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, 1600 Archer Rd SW, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Michael Byrne
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, 1600 Archer Rd SW, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Justin Wray
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, 1600 Archer Rd SW, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Suk-Hee Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Jac A Nickoloff
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Robert Hromas
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, 1600 Archer Rd SW, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
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Hromas R, Williamson EA, Fnu S, Lee YJ, Park SJ, Beck BD, You JS, Leitao A, Nickoloff JA, Lee SH. Erratum: Chk1 phosphorylation of Metnase enhances DNA repair but inhibits replication fork restart. Oncogene 2014. [DOI: 10.1038/onc.2013.510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Maisels F, Strindberg S, Blake S, Wittemyer G, Hart J, Williamson EA, Aba'a R, Abitsi G, Ambahe RD, Amsini F, Bakabana PC, Hicks TC, Bayogo RE, Bechem M, Beyers RL, Bezangoye AN, Boundja P, Bout N, Akou ME, Bene LB, Fosso B, Greengrass E, Grossmann F, Ikamba-Nkulu C, Ilambu O, Inogwabini BI, Iyenguet F, Kiminou F, Kokangoye M, Kujirakwinja D, Latour S, Liengola I, Mackaya Q, Madidi J, Madzoke B, Makoumbou C, Malanda GA, Malonga R, Mbani O, Mbendzo VA, Ambassa E, Ekinde A, Mihindou Y, Morgan BJ, Motsaba P, Moukala G, Mounguengui A, Mowawa BS, Ndzai C, Nixon S, Nkumu P, Nzolani F, Pintea L, Plumptre A, Rainey H, de Semboli BB, Serckx A, Stokes E, Turkalo A, Vanleeuwe H, Vosper A, Warren Y. Devastating decline of forest elephants in central Africa. PLoS One 2013; 8:e59469. [PMID: 23469289 PMCID: PMC3587600 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0059469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 225] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2012] [Accepted: 02/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
African forest elephants- taxonomically and functionally unique-are being poached at accelerating rates, but we lack range-wide information on the repercussions. Analysis of the largest survey dataset ever assembled for forest elephants (80 foot-surveys; covering 13,000 km; 91,600 person-days of fieldwork) revealed that population size declined by ca. 62% between 2002-2011, and the taxon lost 30% of its geographical range. The population is now less than 10% of its potential size, occupying less than 25% of its potential range. High human population density, hunting intensity, absence of law enforcement, poor governance, and proximity to expanding infrastructure are the strongest predictors of decline. To save the remaining African forest elephants, illegal poaching for ivory and encroachment into core elephant habitat must be stopped. In addition, the international demand for ivory, which fuels illegal trade, must be dramatically reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona Maisels
- Global Conservation Program, Wildlife Conservation Society, Bronx, New York, United States of America.
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Williamson EA, Damiani L, Leitao A, Hu C, Hathaway H, Oprea T, Sklar L, Shaheen M, Bauman J, Wang W, Nickoloff JA, Lee SH, Hromas R. Targeting the transposase domain of the DNA repair component Metnase to enhance chemotherapy. Cancer Res 2012; 72:6200-8. [PMID: 23090115 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-12-0313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that the DNA repair component Metnase (SETMAR) mediates resistance to DNA damaging cancer chemotherapy. Metnase has a nuclease domain that shares homology with the Transposase family. We therefore virtually screened the tertiary Metnase structure against the 550,000 compound ChemDiv library to identify small molecules that might dock in the active site of the transposase nuclease domain of Metnase. We identified eight compounds as possible Metnase inhibitors. Interestingly, among these candidate inhibitors were quinolone antibiotics and HIV integrase inhibitors, which share common structural features. Previous reports have described possible activity of quinolones as antineoplastic agents. Therefore, we chose the quinolone ciprofloxacin for further study, based on its wide clinical availability and low toxicity. We found that ciprofloxacin inhibits the ability of Metnase to cleave DNA and inhibits Metnase-dependent DNA repair. Ciprofloxacin on its own did not induce DNA damage, but it did reduce repair of chemotherapy-induced DNA damage. Ciprofloxacin increased the sensitivity of cancer cell lines and a xenograft tumor model to clinically relevant chemotherapy. These studies provide a mechanism for the previously postulated antineoplastic activity of quinolones, and suggest that ciprofloxacin might be a simple yet effective adjunct to cancer chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Williamson
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida and Shands Health Care System, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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Junker J, Blake S, Boesch C, Campbell G, Toit LD, Duvall C, Ekobo A, Etoga G, Galat-Luong A, Gamys J, Ganas-Swaray J, Gatti S, Ghiurghi A, Granier N, Hart J, Head J, Herbinger I, Hicks TC, Huijbregts B, Imong IS, Kuempel N, Lahm S, Lindsell J, Maisels F, McLennan M, Martinez L, Morgan B, Morgan D, Mulindahabi F, Mundry R, N'Goran KP, Normand E, Ntongho A, Okon DT, Petre CA, Plumptre A, Rainey H, Regnaut S, Sanz C, Stokes E, Tondossama A, Tranquilli S, Sunderland-Groves J, Walsh P, Warren Y, Williamson EA, Kuehl HS. Recent decline in suitable environmental conditions for African great apes. DIVERS DISTRIB 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.12005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Bauman JE, Olson GT, Spafford M, Nuara M, Sampath S, Lee SJ, Williamson EA, Wu Y, Sklar LA, Oprea TI, Hromas R. A pilot study of raltegravir and cisplatin in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). J Clin Oncol 2012. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2012.30.15_suppl.tps5602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
TPS5602 Background: Metnase is a recently characterized DNA repair component present in anthropoid primates. Metnase, the fusion of a SET histone methylase domain and a Transposase nuclease (Tn) domain, enhances DNA double-stranded break (DSB) repair. The Tn domain trims free DNA ends for optimal end-joining, and is required to re-start stalled replication forks. The SET domain di-methylates H3K36 at the DSB, recruiting non-homologous end-joining repair components. Cisplatin (CDDP), the central chemotherapy in HNSCC, covalently binds DNA leading to intra- and interstrand crosslinks (ICL). In addition to blocking strand transcription and segregation, the ICL stalls DNA replication fork progression leading to collapse and DSB. The role of Metnase in DNA repair, including overcoming the stalled replication fork, makes it a potential therapeutic target. We hypothesize that Metnase inhibition may be a useful adjunct to CDDP. 3D modeling of the Metnase Tn domain identified significant homology with human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) integrase. A virtual screen of the Chem Div library identified the HIV-1 integrase inhibitor, raltegravir, as a lead compound for inhibiting the Metnase Tn domain. We designed a pilot study in HNSCC to evaluate potentiation of CDDP DNA damage by raltegravir. Methods: The primary objective of this window-of-opportunity study is to analyze biomarkers of DNA damage, fork arrest, and apoptosis in serial tumor biopsies from patients (pts) with HNSCC undergoing CDDP, with and without raltegravir. Eligible pts: 1) have HNSCC with tumor site amenable to repeat, awake biopsy; 2) are appropriate candidates for CDDP. Pts are treated with 2 doses of CDDP 30 mg/m2. One CDDP dose is administered with raltegravir 400 mg bid for 5 days, starting the day before CDDP. Pts undergo 3 research biopsies, at baseline and 48-72 hours after each CDDP. Serial biopsies will be evaluated for expression changes in γH2AX, Annexin V, pChk1, pChk2, and p53BP1 by immunohistochemistry. Numerical increase in biomarker expression in tumors exposed to CDDP-raltegravir vs. CDDP will justify development of a phase I/II study. Four of 12 pts have enrolled and completed all biopsies. Supported by a grant from the American Cancer Society.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yuehan Wu
- University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
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Williamson EA, Boyle TJ, Raymond R, Farrington J, Verschraegen C, Shaheen M, Hromas R. Cytotoxic activity of the titanium alkoxide (OPy)(2)Ti(4AP)(2) against cancer colony forming cells. Invest New Drugs 2012; 30:114-20. [PMID: 20820908 PMCID: PMC3977178 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-010-9530-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2010] [Accepted: 08/18/2010] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
A novel family of titanium alkoxides with two stable pyridinemethoxide moieties bound to a titanium metal center were synthesized and tested for cytotoxic activity on a variety of cancer cell lines using colony formation assays. One compound, (OPy)(2)Ti(4AP)(2), where OPy is NC(5)H(5)CH(2)O(-), and 4AP is 4-aminophenoxide ((-)OC(6)H(5)(NH(2))-4), demonstrated increased cytotoxicity in breast, colon, and pancreatic cancer cell lines at 100 nanomolar levels with only short exposures. Further, (OPy)(2)Ti(4AP)(2) had activity in colon and pancreatic cancer cell lines that are usually resistant to chemotherapy. This demonstrates that these titanium compounds may have a role in anti-cancer therapy, similar to platinum-based compounds, and the (OPy)(2)Ti(4AP)(2) compound specifically deserves further investigation as an anti-cancer agent in chemo-resistant solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A. Williamson
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Cancer Center, 1201, Camino de Salud, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Timothy J. Boyle
- Advanced Materials Laboratory, Sandia National Laboratories, 1001 University, Boulevard, SE, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA
| | - Rebecca Raymond
- Advanced Materials Laboratory, Sandia National Laboratories, 1001 University, Boulevard, SE, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA
| | - Jacqueline Farrington
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Cancer Center, 1201, Camino de Salud, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Claire Verschraegen
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Cancer Center, 1201, Camino de Salud, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Montaser Shaheen
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Cancer Center, 1201, Camino de Salud, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Robert Hromas
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Cancer Center, 1201, Camino de Salud, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
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Hromas R, Williamson EA, Fnu S, Lee YJ, Park SJ, Beck BD, You JS, Leitao A, Laitao A, Nickoloff JA, Lee SH. Chk1 phosphorylation of Metnase enhances DNA repair but inhibits replication fork restart. Oncogene 2012; 31:4245-54. [PMID: 22231448 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2011.586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Chk1 both arrests replication forks and enhances repair of DNA damage by phosphorylating downstream effectors. Although there has been a concerted effort to identify effectors of Chk1 activity, underlying mechanisms of effector action are still being identified. Metnase (also called SETMAR) is a SET and transposase domain protein that promotes both DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair and restart of stalled replication forks. In this study, we show that Metnase is phosphorylated only on Ser495 (S495) in vivo in response to DNA damage by ionizing radiation. Chk1 is the major mediator of this phosphorylation event. We had previously shown that wild-type (wt) Metnase associates with chromatin near DSBs and methylates histone H3 Lys36. Here we show that a Ser495Ala (S495A) Metnase mutant, which is not phosphorylated by Chk1, is defective in DSB-induced chromatin association. The S495A mutant also fails to enhance repair of an induced DSB when compared with wt Metnase. Interestingly, the S495A mutant demonstrated increased restart of stalled replication forks compared with wt Metnase. Thus, phosphorylation of Metnase S495 differentiates between these two functions, enhancing DSB repair and repressing replication fork restart. In summary, these data lend insight into the mechanism by which Chk1 enhances repair of DNA damage while at the same time repressing stalled replication fork restart.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Hromas
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida and Shands Health Care System, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
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Abstract
DNA damage occurs continuously as a result of various factors-intracellular metabolism, replication, and exposure to genotoxic agents, such as ionizing radiation and chemotherapy. If left unrepaired, this damage could result in changes or mutations within the cell genomic material. There are a number of different pathways that the cell can utilize to repair these DNA breaks. However, it is of utmost interest to know how the DNA damage is signaled to the various DNA pathways. As DNA damage occurs within the chromatin, we postulate that modifications of histones are important for signaling the position of DNA damage, recruiting the DNA repair proteins to the site of damage, and creating an open structure such that the repair proteins can access the site of damage. We discuss the modifications that occur on the histones and the manner in which they relate to the type of damage that has occurred as well as the DNA repair pathways that are activated.
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Hoffmann M, Hilton-Taylor C, Angulo A, Böhm M, Brooks TM, Butchart SHM, Carpenter KE, Chanson J, Collen B, Cox NA, Darwall WRT, Dulvy NK, Harrison LR, Katariya V, Pollock CM, Quader S, Richman NI, Rodrigues ASL, Tognelli MF, Vié JC, Aguiar JM, Allen DJ, Allen GR, Amori G, Ananjeva NB, Andreone F, Andrew P, Aquino Ortiz AL, Baillie JEM, Baldi R, Bell BD, Biju SD, Bird JP, Black-Decima P, Blanc JJ, Bolaños F, Bolivar-G W, Burfield IJ, Burton JA, Capper DR, Castro F, Catullo G, Cavanagh RD, Channing A, Chao NL, Chenery AM, Chiozza F, Clausnitzer V, Collar NJ, Collett LC, Collette BB, Cortez Fernandez CF, Craig MT, Crosby MJ, Cumberlidge N, Cuttelod A, Derocher AE, Diesmos AC, Donaldson JS, Duckworth JW, Dutson G, Dutta SK, Emslie RH, Farjon A, Fowler S, Freyhof J, Garshelis DL, Gerlach J, Gower DJ, Grant TD, Hammerson GA, Harris RB, Heaney LR, Hedges SB, Hero JM, Hughes B, Hussain SA, Icochea M J, Inger RF, Ishii N, Iskandar DT, Jenkins RKB, Kaneko Y, Kottelat M, Kovacs KM, Kuzmin SL, La Marca E, Lamoreux JF, Lau MWN, Lavilla EO, Leus K, Lewison RL, Lichtenstein G, Livingstone SR, Lukoschek V, Mallon DP, McGowan PJK, McIvor A, Moehlman PD, Molur S, Muñoz Alonso A, Musick JA, Nowell K, Nussbaum RA, Olech W, Orlov NL, Papenfuss TJ, Parra-Olea G, Perrin WF, Polidoro BA, Pourkazemi M, Racey PA, Ragle JS, Ram M, Rathbun G, Reynolds RP, Rhodin AGJ, Richards SJ, Rodríguez LO, Ron SR, Rondinini C, Rylands AB, Sadovy de Mitcheson Y, Sanciangco JC, Sanders KL, Santos-Barrera G, Schipper J, Self-Sullivan C, Shi Y, Shoemaker A, Short FT, Sillero-Zubiri C, Silvano DL, Smith KG, Smith AT, Snoeks J, Stattersfield AJ, Symes AJ, Taber AB, Talukdar BK, Temple HJ, Timmins R, Tobias JA, Tsytsulina K, Tweddle D, Ubeda C, Valenti SV, van Dijk PP, Veiga LM, Veloso A, Wege DC, Wilkinson M, Williamson EA, Xie F, Young BE, Akçakaya HR, Bennun L, Blackburn TM, Boitani L, Dublin HT, da Fonseca GAB, Gascon C, Lacher TE, Mace GM, Mainka SA, McNeely JA, Mittermeier RA, Reid GM, Rodriguez JP, Rosenberg AA, Samways MJ, Smart J, Stein BA, Stuart SN. The impact of conservation on the status of the world's vertebrates. Science 2010; 330:1503-9. [PMID: 20978281 DOI: 10.1126/science.1194442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 662] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Using data for 25,780 species categorized on the International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List, we present an assessment of the status of the world's vertebrates. One-fifth of species are classified as Threatened, and we show that this figure is increasing: On average, 52 species of mammals, birds, and amphibians move one category closer to extinction each year. However, this overall pattern conceals the impact of conservation successes, and we show that the rate of deterioration would have been at least one-fifth again as much in the absence of these. Nonetheless, current conservation efforts remain insufficient to offset the main drivers of biodiversity loss in these groups: agricultural expansion, logging, overexploitation, and invasive alien species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Hoffmann
- IUCN SSC Species Survival Commission, c/o United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre, 219 Huntingdon Road, Cambridge CB3 0DL, UK.
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Wray J, Williamson EA, Chester S, Farrington J, Sterk R, Weinstock DM, Jasin M, Lee SH, Nickoloff JA, Hromas R. The transposase domain protein Metnase/SETMAR suppresses chromosomal translocations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 200:184-90. [PMID: 20620605 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergencyto.2010.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2009] [Revised: 04/09/2010] [Accepted: 04/10/2010] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Chromosomal translocations are common in leukemia, but little is known about their mechanism. Metnase (also termed SETMAR) is a fusion of a histone methylase and transposase protein that arose specifically in primates. Transposases were thought to be extinct in primates because they would mediate deleterious DNA movement. In primates, Metnase interacts with DNA Ligase IV (Lig IV) and promotes nonhomologous end-joining (NHEJ) DNA repair. We show here that the primate-specific protein Metnase can also enhance NHEJ in murine cells and can also interact with murine Lig IV, indicating that it integrated into the preexisting NHEJ pathway after its development in primates. Significantly, expressing Metnase in murine cells significantly reduces chromosomal translocations. We propose that the fusion of the histone methylase SET domain and the transposase domain in the anthropoid lineage to form primate Metnase promotes accurate intrachromosomal NHEJ and thereby suppresses interchromosomal translocations. Metnase may have been selected for because it has a function opposing transposases and may thus play a key role in suppressing translocations that underlie oncogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Wray
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Cancer Research and Treatment Center, Department of Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Science Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
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De Haro LP, Wray J, Williamson EA, Durant ST, Corwin L, Gentry AC, Osheroff N, Lee SH, Hromas R, Nickoloff JA. Metnase promotes restart and repair of stalled and collapsed replication forks. Nucleic Acids Res 2010; 38:5681-91. [PMID: 20457750 PMCID: PMC2943610 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkq339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Metnase is a human protein with methylase (SET) and nuclease domains that is widely expressed, especially in proliferating tissues. Metnase promotes non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ), and knockdown causes mild hypersensitivity to ionizing radiation. Metnase also promotes plasmid and viral DNA integration, and topoisomerase IIα (TopoIIα)-dependent chromosome decatenation. NHEJ factors have been implicated in the replication stress response, and TopoIIα has been proposed to relax positive supercoils in front of replication forks. Here we show that Metnase promotes cell proliferation, but it does not alter cell cycle distributions, or replication fork progression. However, Metnase knockdown sensitizes cells to replication stress and confers a marked defect in restart of stalled replication forks. Metnase promotes resolution of phosphorylated histone H2AX, a marker of DNA double-strand breaks at collapsed forks, and it co-immunoprecipitates with PCNA and RAD9, a member of the PCNA-like RAD9–HUS1–RAD1 intra-S checkpoint complex. Metnase also promotes TopoIIα-mediated relaxation of positively supercoiled DNA. Metnase is not required for RAD51 focus formation after replication stress, but Metnase knockdown cells show increased RAD51 foci in the presence or absence of replication stress. These results establish Metnase as a key factor that promotes restart of stalled replication forks, and implicate Metnase in the repair of collapsed forks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leyma P De Haro
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Cancer Research and Treatment Center, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
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Mittermeier RA, Wallis J, Rylands AB, Ganzhorn JU, Oates JF, Williamson EA, Palacios E, Heymann EW, Kierulff MCM, Yongcheng L, Supriatna J, Roos C, Walker S, Cortés-Ortiz L, Schwitzer C. Primates in Peril: The World's 25 Most Endangered Primates 2008–2010. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1896/052.024.0101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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