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Capitano ML, Jaiswal A, Broxmeyer HE, Pride Y, Glover S, Amlashi FG, Kirby A, Srinivasan G, Williamson EA, Mais D, Hromas R. A humanized monoclonal antibody against the endothelial chemokine CCL21 for the diagnosis and treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0252805. [PMID: 34197491 PMCID: PMC8248966 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0252805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemokines are small proteins that promote leukocyte migration during development, infection, and inflammation. We and others isolated the unique chemokine CCL21, a potent chemo-attractant for naïve T-cells, naïve B-cells, and immature dendritic cells. CCL21 has a 37 amino acid carboxy terminal extension that is distinct from the rest of the chemokine family, which is thought to anchor it to venule endothelium where the amino terminus can interact with its cognate receptor, CCR7. We and others have reported that venule endothelium expressing CCL21 plays a crucial role in attracting naïve immune cells to sites of antigen presentation. In this study we generated a series of monoclonal antibodies to the amino terminus of CCL21 in an attempt to generate an antibody that blocked the interaction of CCL21 with its receptor CCR7. We found one humanized clone that blocked naïve T-cell migration towards CCL21, while memory effector T-cells were less affected. Using this monoclonal antibody, we also demonstrated that CCL21 is expressed in the mucosal venule endothelium of the large majority of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), including Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, and also in celiac disease. This expression correlated with active IBD in 5 of 6 cases, whereas none of 6 normal bowel biopsies had CCL21 expression. This study raises the possibility that this monoclonal antibody could be used to diagnose initial or recurrent of IBD. Significantly, this antibody could also be used for therapeutic intervention in IBD by selectively interfering with recruitment of naïve immune effector cells to sites of antigen presentation, without harming overall memory immunity.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/immunology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/pharmacology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/therapeutic use
- Chemokine CCL21/genetics
- Chemokine CCL21/immunology
- Chemokine CCL21/metabolism
- Chemotaxis/drug effects
- Endothelium/metabolism
- Humans
- Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/diagnosis
- Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/drug therapy
- Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Protein Binding
- Receptors, CCR7/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer/cytology
- T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Maegan L Capitano
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States of America
| | - Aruna Jaiswal
- Department of Medicine and the Mays Cancer Center, University of Texas School Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States of America
| | - Hal E Broxmeyer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States of America
| | - Yilianys Pride
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MI, United States of America
| | - Sarah Glover
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MI, United States of America
| | - Fatemah G Amlashi
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas School Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States of America
| | - Austin Kirby
- Department of Medicine and the Mays Cancer Center, University of Texas School Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States of America
| | - Gayathri Srinivasan
- Department of Medicine and the Mays Cancer Center, University of Texas School Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth A Williamson
- Department of Medicine and the Mays Cancer Center, University of Texas School Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States of America
| | - Daniel Mais
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas School Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States of America
| | - Robert Hromas
- Department of Medicine and the Mays Cancer Center, University of Texas School Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States of America
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