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Arjun S, Kulhari U, Padakanti AP, Sahu BD, Chella N. Colon-targeted delivery of niclosamide from solid dispersion employing a pH-dependent polymer via hotmelt extrusion for the treatment of ulcerative colitis in mice. J Drug Target 2024; 32:186-199. [PMID: 38133596 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2023.2298849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Niclosamide (NCL) is repurposed to treat inflammatory bowel disease due to its anti-inflammatory properties and potential to reduce oxidative stress. This therapeutic activity remains challenging if administered directly due to its low solubility and high recrystallization tendency in gastric pH. Solid dispersions using pH-dependent polymer will be a better idea to improve the solubility, dissolution and targeted delivery at the colon. Hot melt extrusion was used to formulate a solid dispersion with 30% NCL utilising hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinate as a pH-dependent polymer. In vitro drug release studies revealed formulation (F1) containing 10%w/w Tween 80 showed minimal release (2.06%) at the end of 2 h, followed by 47.87% and 82.15% drug release at 6 h and 14 h, respectively, indicating the maximum amount of drug release in the colon. The drug release from the formulations containing no plasticiser and 5%w/w plasticiser was comparable to the pure crystalline drug (approximately 25%). Solid-state analysis confirmed particle conversion of crystalline NCL to amorphous form, and the optimised formulation was stable for 6 months without significant changes in dissolution profile. In contrast to pure NCL, the F1 formulation substantially reduced the disease activity index, colonic inflammation, histological alterations and oxidative damage in colitis mice. These findings reveal that the prepared formulation can potentially deliver the drug locally at the colon, making it an effective tool in treating ulcerative colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakshi Arjun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology (Formulations), National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Uttam Kulhari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Amruta Prabhakar Padakanti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology (Formulations), National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Bidya Dhar Sahu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Naveen Chella
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology (Formulations), National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati, Assam, India
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2
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Li Q, Wang Y, Yan J, Yuan R, Zhang J, Guo X, Zhao M, Li F, Li X. Osthole ameliorates early diabetic kidney damage by suppressing oxidative stress, inflammation and inhibiting TGF-β1/Smads signaling pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 133:112131. [PMID: 38669945 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osthole is a natural active ingredient extracted from the traditional Chinese medicine Cnidium monnieri. It has been demonstrated to have anti-inflammatory, anti-fibrotic, and anti-hyperglycemic properties. However, its effect on diabetic kidney disease (DKD) remains uncertain. This study aims to assess the preventive and therapeutic effects of osthole on DKD and investigate its underlying mechanisms. METHODS A streptozotocin/high-fat and high-sucrose diet induced Type 2 diabetic rat model was established. Metformin served as the positive drug control. Diabetic rats were treated with metformin or three different doses of osthole for 8 weeks. Throughout the treatment period, the progression of DKD was assessed by monitoring increases in urinary protein, serum creatinine, urea nitrogen, and uric acid, along with scrutinizing kidney pathology. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was employed to detect inflammatory factors and oxidative stress levels. At the same time, immunohistochemical staining was utilized to evaluate changes in alpha-smooth muscle actin, fibronectin, E-cadherin, and apoptosis. The alterations in TGF-β1/Smads signaling pathway were ascertained through western blot and immunofluorescence. Furthermore, we constructed a high glucose-stimulated HBZY-1 cells model to uncover its molecular protective mechanism. RESULTS Osthole significantly reduced fasting blood glucose, insulin resistance, serum creatinine, uric acid, blood urea nitrogen, urinary protein excretion, and glomerular mesangial matrix deposition in diabetic rats. Additionally, significant improvements were observed in inflammation, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and fibrosis levels. The increase of ROS, apoptosis and hypertrophy in HBZY-1 cells induced by high glucose was reduced by osthole. Immunofluorescence and western blot results demonstrated that osthole down-regulated the TGF-β1/Smads signaling pathway and related protein expression. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that osthole exhibits potential preventive and therapeutic effects on DKD. It deserves further investigation as a promising drug for preventing and treating DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiangsheng Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Yifei Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Jia Yan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Ruyan Yuan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Jiamin Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Xinhao Guo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Mingming Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Fenfen Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
| | - Xiaotian Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China; Engineering Research Center for Water Environment and Health of Henan, College of Pharmacy and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Industrial Technology, Zhengzhou 451150, China.
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Wang Y, Li W, Chen S, Zhang J, Liu X, Jiang J, Chen L, Tang Z, Wan X, Lian X, Liang B, Xie S, Ma J, Guo X, Dong Y, Wu L, Li J, Koutrakis P. PM 2.5 constituents associated with childhood obesity and larger BMI growth trajectory: A 14-year longitudinal study. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2024; 183:108417. [PMID: 38199130 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.108417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association of specific PM2.5 chemical constituents with childhood overweight or obesity (OWOB) remain unclear. Furthermore, the long-term impacts of PM2.5 exposure on the trajectory of children's body mass index (BMI) have not been explored. METHODS We conducted a longitudinal study among 1,450,830 Chinese children aged 6-19 years from Beijing and Zhongshan in China during 2005-2018 to examine the associations of PM2.5 and its chemical constituents with incident OWOB risk. We extracted PM2.5 mass and five main component exposure from Tracking Air Pollution in China (TAP) dataset. Cox proportional hazards models were applied to quantify exposure-response associations. We further performed principal component analysis (PCA) to handle the multi-collinearity and used quantile g-computation (QGC) approach to analyze the impacts of exposure mixtures. Additionally, we selected 125,863 children with at least 8 physical examination measurements and combined group-based trajectory models (GBTM) with multinomial logistic regression models to explore the impacts of exposure to PM2.5 mass and five constituents on BMI and BMI Z-score trajectories during 6-19 years. RESULTS We observed each interquartile range increment in PM2.5 exposure was significantly associated with a 5.1 % increase in the risk of incident OWOB (95 % confidence Interval [CI]: 1.036-1.066). We also found black carbon, sulfate, organic matter, often linked to fossil combustion, had comparable or larger estimates of the effect (HR = 1.139-1.153) than PM2.5. Furthermore, Exposure to PM2.5 mass, sulfate, nitrate, ammonium, organic matter and black carbon was significantly associated with an increased odds of being in a larger BMI trajectory and being assigned to persistent OWOB trajectory. CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide evidence that the constituents mainly from fossil fuel combustion may have a perceptible influence on increased OWOB risk associated with PM2.5 exposure in China. Moreover, long-term exposure to PM2.5 contributes to an increased odds of being in a lager BMI and a persistent OWOB trajectories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqi Wang
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Weiming Li
- Beijing Health Center for Physical Examination, Beijing 100191, China; Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Capital Medical University School of Public Health, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Shuo Chen
- Beijing Health Center for Physical Examination, Beijing 100191, China; Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Capital Medical University School of Public Health, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Jingbo Zhang
- Beijing Health Center for Physical Examination, Beijing 100191, China; Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Capital Medical University School of Public Health, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Xiangtong Liu
- Beijing Health Center for Physical Examination, Beijing 100191, China; Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Capital Medical University School of Public Health, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Jun Jiang
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Li Chen
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Ziqi Tang
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xiaoyu Wan
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xinyao Lian
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Baosheng Liang
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Shaodong Xie
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jun Ma
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xiuhua Guo
- Beijing Health Center for Physical Examination, Beijing 100191, China; Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Capital Medical University School of Public Health, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Yanhui Dong
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Lijuan Wu
- Beijing Health Center for Physical Examination, Beijing 100191, China; Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Capital Medical University School of Public Health, Beijing 100069, China.
| | - Jing Li
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Petros Koutrakis
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Ratheesh M, Jose SP, Sheethal S, Sindhu A, Sandya S, Asish A. Ameliorating effect of polyherbal formulation (Febrojith) on acute and chronic inflammatory model via inhibiting inflammation and oxidative stress. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 317:116824. [PMID: 37348795 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Inflammation is a complex biological response of the tissue to noxious stimuli, which causes several debilitating inflammatory disorders. Currently, various conventional medicines are available, but their consumption causes adverse effects, hence researchers focused on alternatives like medical herbs from natural sources, as one of the most promising sources of therapeutic agents for inflammation. Febrojith is a well-known traditional Ayurvedic formulation obtained from the treasures of Ayurveda with a unique blend of herbs that are used effectively in preventing and combating a broad spectrum of infections, fevers, and also enhancing immunity for many years. However, its anti-inflammatory, efficacy and underlying mechanism remained unexplored. AIM OF THE STUDY In the present study, we investigated the chemical characterization and in vivo anti-inflammatory efficacy of Febrojith (FB) on acute and chronic inflammatory models via inhibiting inflammation and oxidative stress. MATERIALS AND METHODS FB was analyzed for chemical characterization & its phytoconstituents by UV-Vis spectrum, FT-IR, and GC-MS analysis. The anti-inflammatory activity of FB was studied on carrageenan-induced acute and adjuvant-induced chronic experimental models. The inflammatory cytokines and mediators were measured using the ELISA & Colorimetry techniques. Histopathology and cytology of paw tissue and synovium were analyzed by H&E and Papanicolau's (PAP)-staining methods. RESULTS 100 mg/kg bwt was found to be a potent dose from the carrageenan model and evaluated its effect in the adjuvant-induced chronic arthritic model. In the chronic model, 84% of edema inhibition was observed at the dose of 100 mg/kg bwt. Moreover, the supplementation of FB was shown to significantly (p ≤ 0.05) decrease the TBARS level and activity of myeloperoxidase in the paw tissue. In addition, adjuvant-induced production of various pro-inflammatory cytokines like TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, PGE2, NO and COX-2 were suppressed in inflamed rats subjected to FB supplementation. It also revealed that FB supplementation significantly (p ≤ 0.05) reduced the haematological markers. From the histopathology and cytological analysis, we found a reduction in the edema formation, and infiltration of inflammatory cells after the supplementation of FB. CONCLUSION In conclusion, FB might be used as an effective and potent drug against inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ratheesh
- Department of Biochemistry, St. Thomas College, Palai, Kottayam, Kerala, India.
| | - Svenia P Jose
- Department of Biochemistry, St. Thomas College, Palai, Kottayam, Kerala, India
| | - S Sheethal
- Department of Biochemistry, St. Thomas College, Palai, Kottayam, Kerala, India
| | - A Sindhu
- Research and Development, The Arya Vaidya Pharmacy (Coimbatore) Limited, India
| | - S Sandya
- Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Aditya Asish
- Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
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Behmanesh MA, Rasekhian A, Kiani F, Dehghandoost M, Dezfuli DA, Ghorbanzadeh B. The nitric oxide-cyclic GMP-K ATP channels pathway contributes to the effects of montelukast against gastric damage induced by ethanol. Alcohol 2023; 113:33-40. [PMID: 37295565 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2023.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The leukotrienes, lipid mediators, have a role in gastric damage induced by ethanol. Here, the gastroprotective effect of montelukast, an antagonist of the leukotriene receptor, and the involvement of the NO-cGMP-KATP channel pathway, were evaluated in gastric damage induced by ethanol in rats. For this, l-arginine, l-NAME, methylene blue (guanylate cyclase inhibitor), sildenafil, diazoxide, or glibenclamide (ATP-sensitive potassium channel blocker) were administered 30 min before montelukast (0.1, 1, 10, and 20 mg/kg, by mouth [p.o.]). After 1 h, to induce gastric damage, the rats received absolute ethanol (4 mL/kg, p.o.), and then microscopic, macroscopic, and pro-inflammatory parameters (TNF-α and IL-1β) were assessed. Results obtained here revealed that montelukast significantly attenuated the macroscopic and microscopic lesions induced by ethanol. Montelukast also reduced IL-1β and TNF-α levels. It was also observed that NOS inhibitor (l-NAME), methylene blue, and glibenclamide inhibited the effects of montelukast in the stomach. Moreover, the NO precursor (l-arginine), the PDE-5 inhibitor (sildenafil), and a potassium channel opener (diazoxide) before montelukast produced gastroprotective effects. In conclusion, the effect of montelukast against gastric lesions induced by ethanol is mediated, at least in part, through the pathway of the NO-cGMP-KATP channel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Amin Behmanesh
- Department of Histology, School of Medicine, Dezful University of Medical Sciences, Dezful, Iran
| | - Amin Rasekhian
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Dezful University of Medical Sciences, Dezful, Iran
| | - Forutan Kiani
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Dezful University of Medical Sciences, Dezful, Iran
| | - Mostafa Dehghandoost
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Dezful University of Medical Sciences, Dezful, Iran
| | | | - Behnam Ghorbanzadeh
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Dezful University of Medical Sciences, Dezful, Iran.
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Geng ZH, Zhu Y, Chen WF, Fu PY, Xu JQ, Wang TY, Yao L, Liu ZQ, Li XQ, Zhang ZC, Wang Y, Ma LY, Lin SL, He MJ, Zhao C, Li QL, Zhou PH. The role of type II esophageal microbiota in achalasia: Activation of macrophages and degeneration of myenteric neurons. Microbiol Res 2023; 276:127470. [PMID: 37574627 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2023.127470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The gut microbiota plays a critical role in the appropriate development and maintenance of the enteric nervous system (ENS). Esophageal achalasia (EA) is a rare motility disorder characterized by the selective degeneration of inhibitory neurons in the esophageal myenteric plexus. This study aimed to evaluate the composition of the esophageal microbiota in achalasia and explore the potential microbial mechanisms involved in its pathogenesis. DESIGN The lower esophageal mucosal microbiota was analyzed in patients with achalasia and control participants using 16 S rRNA sequencing. The association between the esophageal microbiota and achalasia was validated by inducing esophageal dysbiosis in C57BL/10 J and C57BL/10ScNJ (TLR4KO) mice via chronic exposure to ampicillin sodium in their drinking water. RESULTS The esophageal microbiota in EA patients had lower diversity and a predominance of Gram-negative bacteria (Type II microbiota) compared to that in the healthy controls. Additionally, the relative abundance of Rhodobacter decreased significantly in patients with achalasia, which correlated with an enrichment of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) biosynthesis based on the COG database. Antibiotic-treated mice showed an esophageal microbiota characterized by increased abundance of Gram-negative bacteria (Type II microbiome), decreased abundance of Rhodobacter, and enriched LPS biosynthesis. Compared to the control and TLR4KO mice, the antibiotic-treated wild-type mice had higher LES resting pressure, increased LES contraction rate after carbachol stimulation, and decreased relaxation response to L-arginine. Moreover, the number of myenteric neurons decreased, while the number of lamina propria macrophages (LpMs) increased after antibiotic exposure. Furthermore, the TLR4-MYD88-NF-κB pathway was up-regulated, and the production of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 increased in the antibiotic-treated mice. CONCLUSIONS Patients with achalasia exhibit esophageal dysbiosis, which may induce aberrant esophageal motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Han Geng
- Endoscopy Center and Endoscopy Research Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Endoscopy, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Zhu
- Endoscopy Center and Endoscopy Research Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Endoscopy, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei-Feng Chen
- Endoscopy Center and Endoscopy Research Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Endoscopy, Shanghai, China
| | - Pei-Yao Fu
- Endoscopy Center and Endoscopy Research Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Endoscopy, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia-Qi Xu
- Endoscopy Center and Endoscopy Research Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Endoscopy, Shanghai, China
| | - Tong-Yao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences & National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu Yao
- Endoscopy Center and Endoscopy Research Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Endoscopy, Shanghai, China
| | - Zu-Qiang Liu
- Endoscopy Center and Endoscopy Research Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Endoscopy, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Qing Li
- Endoscopy Center and Endoscopy Research Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Endoscopy, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhao-Chao Zhang
- Endoscopy Center and Endoscopy Research Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Endoscopy, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun Wang
- Endoscopy Center and Endoscopy Research Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Endoscopy, Shanghai, China
| | - Li-Yun Ma
- Endoscopy Center and Endoscopy Research Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Endoscopy, Shanghai, China
| | - Sheng-Li Lin
- Endoscopy Center and Endoscopy Research Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Endoscopy, Shanghai, China
| | - Meng-Jiang He
- Endoscopy Center and Endoscopy Research Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Endoscopy, Shanghai, China
| | - Chao Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences & National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Quan-Lin Li
- Endoscopy Center and Endoscopy Research Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Endoscopy, Shanghai, China.
| | - Ping-Hong Zhou
- Endoscopy Center and Endoscopy Research Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Endoscopy, Shanghai, China.
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Hirasawa I, Odagiri H, Park G, Sanghavi R, Oshita T, Togi A, Yoshikawa K, Mizutani K, Takeuchi Y, Kobayashi H, Katagiri S, Iwata T, Aoki A. Anti-inflammatory effects of cold atmospheric plasma irradiation on the THP-1 human acute monocytic leukemia cell line. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0292267. [PMID: 37851686 PMCID: PMC10584116 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0292267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) has been studied and clinically applied to treat chronic wounds, cancer, periodontitis, and other diseases. CAP exerts cytotoxic, bactericidal, cell-proliferative, and anti-inflammatory effects on living tissues by generating reactive species. Therefore, CAP holds promise as a treatment for diseases involving chronic inflammation and bacterial infections. However, the cellular mechanisms underlying these anti-inflammatory effects of CAP are still unclear. Thus, this study aimed to elucidate the anti-inflammatory mechanisms of CAP in vitro. The human acute monocytic leukemia cell line, THP-1, was stimulated with lipopolysaccharide and irradiated with CAP, and the cytotoxic effects of CAP were evaluated. Time-course differentiation of gene expression was analyzed, and key transcription factors were identified via transcriptome analysis. Additionally, the nuclear localization of the CAP-induced transcription factor was examined using western blotting. The results indicated that CAP showed no cytotoxic effects after less than 70 s of irradiation and significantly inhibited interleukin 6 (IL6) expression after more than 40 s of irradiation. Transcriptome analysis revealed many differentially expressed genes (DEGs) following CAP irradiation at all time points. Cluster analysis classified the DEGs into four distinct groups, each with time-dependent characteristics. Gene ontology and gene set enrichment analyses revealed CAP-induced suppression of IL6 production, other inflammatory responses, and the expression of genes related to major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II. Transcription factor analysis suggested that nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2), which suppresses intracellular oxidative stress, is the most activated transcription factor. Contrarily, regulatory factor X5, which regulates MHC class II expression, is the most suppressed transcription factor. Western blotting revealed the nuclear localization of NRF2 following CAP irradiation. These data suggest that CAP suppresses the inflammatory response, possibly by promoting NRF2 nuclear translocation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ito Hirasawa
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
- Sekisui Chemical Co., Ltd., Ibaraki, Japan
| | | | - Giri Park
- Sekisui Chemical Co., Ltd., Ibaraki, Japan
| | | | | | - Akiko Togi
- Sekisui Chemical Co., Ltd., Ibaraki, Japan
| | | | - Koji Mizutani
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuo Takeuchi
- Department of Lifetime Oral Health Care Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kobayashi
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sayaka Katagiri
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takanori Iwata
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akira Aoki
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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8
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Pellegrino M, Bevacqua E, Frattaruolo L, Cappello AR, Aquaro S, Tucci P. Enhancing the Anticancer and Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Curcumin in Combination with Quercetin, for the Prevention and Treatment of Prostate Cancer. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2023. [PMID: 37509660 PMCID: PMC10377667 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11072023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the second most common cancer in men. Although epidemiologic studies show that a higher intake of polyphenols, curcumin (CUR), and quercetin (QRT), in particular, result in lower prostate cancer risk, the chemopreventive mechanisms underlying the effects of CUR and QRT have not been fully understood yet, and most investigations were conducted with individual compounds. Here, we investigated the anticancer and anti-inflammatory effects of CUR in combination with QRT, respectively, in a human prostate cancer cell line, PC-3, and in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells, and found that their combination significantly inhibited proliferation and arrested the cell cycle, inducing apoptosis, so exhibiting synergic activities stronger than single drug use. Moreover, via their antioxidant effects, the combination of CUR and QRT modulated several inflammation-mediated signaling pathways (ROS, nitric oxide, and pro-inflammatory cytokines) thus helping protect cells from undergoing molecular changes that trigger carcinogenesis. Although additional studies, including in vivo experiments and translational studies, are required, this study raises the possibility of their use as a safe, effective, and affordable therapeutic approach to prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Pellegrino
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Emilia Bevacqua
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Luca Frattaruolo
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Anna Rita Cappello
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Stefano Aquaro
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Paola Tucci
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
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Sadeghi Z, Cerulli A, Marzocco S, Moridi Farimani M, Masullo M, Piacente S. Anti-inflammatory Activity of Tanshinone-Related Diterpenes from Perovskia artemisioides Roots. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2023; 86:812-821. [PMID: 37040078 PMCID: PMC10152488 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.2c01004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Perovskia artemisioides is a perennial and aromatic plant widely distributed in the Baluchestan region of Iran. Phytochemical analysis of a n-hexane extract of P. artemisioides roots, guided by an analytical approach based on LC-ESI/LTQOrbitrap/MS/MS, yielded six previously undescribed diterpenoid compounds (2, 9-11, 16, and 20), and 19 known diterpenoids, for which the structures were elucidated by 1D and 2D NMR experiments. Some of the isolated compounds showed significant anti-inflammatory activity using J774A.1 macrophage cells stimulated with Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide. In particular, compounds 6, 8, 17, 18, 20, and 22 significantly inhibited the release of nitric oxide and the expression of related pro-inflammatory enzymes, such as inducible nitric oxide synthase and cycloxygenase-2. Moreover, two compounds that showed the highest activity in reducing nitric oxide release (6 and 18) were tested to evaluate their effects on nitrotyrosine formation and reactive oxygen species release. Both compounds inhibited ROS release and, in particular, compound 6 also inhibited nitrotyrosine formation at all tested concentrations, thus indicating a significant antioxidant potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Sadeghi
- Department of Phytochemistry, Medicinal Plants and Drugs Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Evin, Tehran 1983969411, Iran
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II n. 132, 84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Antonietta Cerulli
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II n. 132, 84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Stefania Marzocco
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II n. 132, 84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Mahdi Moridi Farimani
- Department of Phytochemistry, Medicinal Plants and Drugs Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Evin, Tehran 1983969411, Iran
| | - Milena Masullo
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II n. 132, 84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Sonia Piacente
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II n. 132, 84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
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10
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Fasolino I, Carvalho ED, Raucci MG, Bonadies I, Soriente A, Pezzella A, Pêgo AP, Ambrosio L. Eumelanin decorated poly(lactic acid) electrospun substrates as a new strategy for spinal cord injury treatment. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2023; 146:213312. [PMID: 36736264 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2023.213312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is characterized by neuroinflammatory processes that are marked by an uncontrolled activation of microglia, which directly damages neurons. Natural and synthetic melanins represent an effective tool to treat neuroinflammation because they possess immunomodulatory properties. Here, the main objective was to evaluate the effect of eumelanin-coated poly(lactic acid) (EU@PLA) aligned microfibers on in vitro model of neuroinflammation related to spinal cord injury in terms of inflammatory mediators' modulation. Aligned fibers were chosen to provide physical cues to guide axonal growth in a specific direction thus restoring the synaptic connection. Eumelanin decorated PLA electrospun substrates were produced combining electrospinning, spin coating and solid-state polymerization processes (oxidative coupling under oxygen atmosphere). Biological response in terms of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity was analyzed on an in vitro model of neuroinflammation [microglial cells stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS)]. Cell morphology and EU@PLA mechanism of action, in terms of toll-like receptor-4 (TLR-4) involvement were assessed. The results show that EU@PLA fibers were able to decrease reactive oxygen species, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-кB) expression >50 % compared to PLA + LPS and interleukin 6 (IL-6) secretion about 20 %. Finally, the mechanism of action of EU@PLA in microglia was found to be dependent on the TLR-4 signaling. Protein expression analysis revealed a decreased in TLR-4 production induced by LPS stimulation in presence of EU@PLA. Overall, our results show that EU@PLA represents an innovative and effective strategy for the control of inflammatory response in central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Fasolino
- Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials - National Research Council (IPCB-CNR), Naples, Italy.
| | - Eva Daniela Carvalho
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; INEB-Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria Grazia Raucci
- Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials - National Research Council (IPCB-CNR), Naples, Italy; Bioelectronics Task Force at University of Naples "Federico II", Italy.
| | - Irene Bonadies
- Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials - National Research Council (IPCB-CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandra Soriente
- Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials - National Research Council (IPCB-CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandro Pezzella
- Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials - National Research Council (IPCB-CNR), Naples, Italy; University of Naples "Federico II" Department of Physics "Ettore Pancini" Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Italy; Bioelectronics Task Force at University of Naples "Federico II", Italy
| | - Ana Paula Pêgo
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; INEB-Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Luigi Ambrosio
- Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials - National Research Council (IPCB-CNR), Naples, Italy
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11
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Falade AO, Adewole KE, Adekola ARO, Ikokoh HA, Okaiyeto K, Oguntibeju OO. Aqueous extract of bay leaf ( Laurus nobilis) ameliorates testicular toxicity induced by aluminum chloride in rats. Vet World 2022; 15:2525-2534. [PMID: 36590130 PMCID: PMC9798052 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2022.2525-2534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Human exposure to aluminum is inevitable, and one of the most adverse health effects of aluminum is a decrease in male fertility rates. Therefore, this study investigated the ameliorative effects of an aqueous extract from Laurus nobilis-bay leaf (BL) on aluminum chloride (AlCl3)-induced testicular toxicity in rats. Materials and Methods Twenty-four Wistar rats were divided into four groups (n = 6, each group): The control (group 1) received normal saline; Group 2 animals were intraperitoneally administered with 30 mg/kg body weight (BW) AlCl3; and Groups 3 and 4 were co-administered AlCl3 with 125 or 250 mg/kg BW of BL extract, respectively, for 21 days. Testes, epididymis, and blood samples were collected. Testicular plasma enzyme activity was measured using a spectrophotometric assay, while concentrations of inflammatory biomarkers were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. Results There was a significant increase (p < 0.05) in testicular enzyme activity in the group treated with AlCl3. However, there was no significant (p > 0.05) difference in testicular enzyme activity in groups co-administered AlCl3 and BL extract as compared with that in control. There was a significant (p < 0.05) increase in testicular nitrite concentration in the AlCl3-treated group, whereas the administration of BL extract significantly (p < 0.05) decreased nitrite concentration in Groups 3 and 4. Furthermore, the administration of BL extracts increased sperm count and improved the morphology of the testes in AlCl3-treated rats. Flavonoids, phenolic compounds, alkaloids, tannin, glycosides, saponin, anthraquinones, and steroids were identified in BL extract, with alkaloids and glycosides being the most abundant. Conclusion Aqueous extract from BL ameliorated the toxic effect of AlCl3 and exhibited anti-inflammatory properties by inhibiting nitrite production while improving sperm count and morphology in AlCl3-treated rats. The bioactivity of the extract may be attributed to the presence of a wide range of phytochemicals. Therefore, BL aqueous extract could be a promising source of novel compounds with male fertility-promoting and anti-inflammatory properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayodeji O. Falade
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Medical Sciences, Ondo 351101, Ondo State, Nigeria,Corresponding author: Ayodeji O. Falade, e-mail: Co-authors: KEA: , AOA: , HAI: , KO: , OOO:
| | - Kayode E. Adewole
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Medical Sciences, Ondo 351101, Ondo State, Nigeria
| | - Abdul-Rahman O. Adekola
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Medical Sciences, Ondo 351101, Ondo State, Nigeria
| | - Hilary A. Ikokoh
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Medical Sciences, Ondo 351101, Ondo State, Nigeria
| | - Kunle Okaiyeto
- Phytomedicine and Phytochemistry Group, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Wellness Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Bellville 7535, South Africa
| | - Oluwafemi O. Oguntibeju
- Phytomedicine and Phytochemistry Group, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Wellness Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Bellville 7535, South Africa
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12
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Lin HC, Chiang HP, Jiang WP, Lan YH, Huang GJ, Hsieh MT, Kuo SC, Lo CL, Chiang YT. Exploitation of a rod-shaped, acid-labile curcumin-loaded polymeric nanogel system in the treatment of systemic inflammation. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 133:112597. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.112597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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13
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Wu X, Li H, Wan Z, Wang R, Liu J, Liu Q, Zhao H, Wang Z, Zhang H, Guo H, Qi C, Jiao X, Li X. The combination of ursolic acid and empagliflozin relieves diabetic nephropathy by reducing inflammation, oxidative stress and renal fibrosis. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 144:112267. [PMID: 34624679 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies have shown that ursolic acid (UA) and empagliflozin (EM) exert therapeutic effects in the treatment of diabetic nephropathy (DN), but both drugs have disadvantages. This study explores the effect of combining these drugs compared to that of either monotherapy. A diabetic rat model was established by feeding a high-fat diet (HFD) with high-sugar content and administering a low dose of streptozotocin (STZ) via intraperitoneal injection. UA (50 mg/kg/day, po), EM (10 mg/kg/day, po) or both were administered for 8 weeks. The development of DN was determined by observing increases in urine protein, serum creatinine, urea nitrogen, and uric acid and abnormal changes in kidney morphology. UA and EM either alone or in combination can alleviate the increases in blood glucose, glycosylated haemoglobin, blood lipid levels, inflammatory factors (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6), oxidation factors (SOD, MDA, GSH, CAT, NO), renal fibrosis and pro-fibrosis factors (FN, E-cad, MMP-9, TIMP-1, SMA-α, TGF-β1, SMAD, MAPK). The treatments could also ameliorate DN by preventing the abnormal proliferation of glomerular mesangial cells under high-glucose conditions, aberrant apoptosis and excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In addition, UA reduces the increase in LDL-L, reverses abnormal bladder morphology and mitigates the increase in colony count caused by EM, and the combination treatment can overcome the disadvantages of the slow hypoglycaemic effect of UA. In short, UA combined with empagliflozin is more effective than either monotherapy in the treatment of DN and can cancel the adverse effects of each other. The protective effect of this regimen on the kidney may be related to reducing inflammation, oxidative stress and renal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohan Wu
- Zhengzhou University, No. 100, Science Avenue, Zhengzhou City, Henan Province, China; Tianyou Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China
| | - He Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou City, Henan Province, China
| | - Zhijie Wan
- Zhengzhou University, No. 100, Science Avenue, Zhengzhou City, Henan Province, China
| | - Ran Wang
- Zhengzhou University, No. 100, Science Avenue, Zhengzhou City, Henan Province, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Zhengzhou University, No. 100, Science Avenue, Zhengzhou City, Henan Province, China
| | - Qingfeng Liu
- Zhengzhou University, No. 100, Science Avenue, Zhengzhou City, Henan Province, China
| | - Haiyun Zhao
- Zhengzhou University, No. 100, Science Avenue, Zhengzhou City, Henan Province, China
| | - Zhehuan Wang
- Zhengzhou University, No. 100, Science Avenue, Zhengzhou City, Henan Province, China
| | - Huiru Zhang
- Zhengzhou University, No. 100, Science Avenue, Zhengzhou City, Henan Province, China
| | - Hui Guo
- Zhengzhou University, No. 100, Science Avenue, Zhengzhou City, Henan Province, China
| | - Caihong Qi
- Zhengzhou University, No. 100, Science Avenue, Zhengzhou City, Henan Province, China
| | - Xiangyue Jiao
- Zhengzhou University, No. 100, Science Avenue, Zhengzhou City, Henan Province, China
| | - Xiaotian Li
- Zhengzhou University, No. 100, Science Avenue, Zhengzhou City, Henan Province, China.
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14
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Lee DY, Lee SY, Jo C, Yoon Y, Jeong JY, Hur SJ. Effect on health from consumption of meat and meat products. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2021; 63:955-976. [PMID: 34796340 PMCID: PMC8564306 DOI: 10.5187/jast.2021.e101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary sodium nitrite and meat on human health. Sodium nitrite in processed meat is known to be one of the main precursors of carcinogens, such as N-nitroso compounds. However, we previously found that processed meat is not the primary source of sodium nitrite; nitrate or the conversion of nitrate in vegetables are contribute to generate more than 70% Sodium nitrite or nitrate containing compounds in body. Although the heavy consumption of meat is likely to cause various diseases, meat intake is not the only cause of colorectal cancer. Our review indicates that sodium nitrite derived from foods and endogenous nitric oxide may exhibit positive effects on human health, such as preventing cardiovascular disease or improving reproductive function. Therefore, further epidemiological studies considering various factors, such as cigarette consumption, alcohol consumption, stress index, salt intake, and genetic factors, are required to reliably elucidate the effects of dietary sodium nitrite and meat on the incidence of diseases, such as colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Young Lee
- Department of Animal Science and
Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Korea
| | - Seung Yun Lee
- Department of Animal Science and
Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Korea
| | - Cheorun Jo
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology,
Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National
University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Yohan Yoon
- Department of Food and Nutrition,
Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 04310, Korea
| | - Jong Youn Jeong
- School of Food Biotechnology and
Nutrition, Kyungsung University, Busan 48434, Korea
| | - Sun Jin Hur
- Department of Animal Science and
Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Korea
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15
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Reis R, Orak D, Yilmaz D, Cimen H, Sipahi H. Modulation of cigarette smoke extract-induced human bronchial epithelial damage by eucalyptol and curcumin. Hum Exp Toxicol 2021; 40:1445-1462. [PMID: 33686898 DOI: 10.1177/0960327121997986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Smoking is one of the most important leading death cause worldwide. From a toxicological perspective, cigarette smoke serves hazards especially for the human being exposed to passive smoke. Over the last decades, the effects of natural compounds on smoking-mediated respiratory diseases such as COPD, asthma, and lung cancer have been under investigation, as well as the mechanistic aspects of disease progression. In the present study, the protective mechanism of eucalyptol (EUC), curcumin (CUR), and their combination on BEAS-2B cells were investigated in vitro to understand their impact on cell death, oxidative cell injury, and inflammatory response induced by 3R4F reference cigarette extract (CSE). According to the present findings, EUC, CUR, and their combination improved cell viability, attenuated CSE-induced apoptosis, and LC3B expression. Further, CSE-induced oxidative damage and inflammatory response in human bronchial epithelial cells were remarkably reduced by the combination treatment through modification of enzymatic antioxidant activity, GSH, MDA, and intracellular ROS levels as well as nitrite and IL-6 levels. In addition, nuclear translocation of Nrf2, a regulatory protein involved in the indirect antioxidant response, was remarkably up-regulated with the combination pre-treatment. In conclusion, EUC and CUR in combination might be a potential therapeutic against smoking-induced lung diseases through antioxidant and inflammatory pathways and results represent valuable background for future in vivo pulmonary toxicity studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Reis
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - D Orak
- Drug, Cosmetic and Medical Device Research-Development and Analysis Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - D Yilmaz
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - H Cimen
- Yeditepe Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Laboratory (YediPROT), Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - H Sipahi
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
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16
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Kobayashi J. Nitrite in breast milk: roles in neonatal pathophysiology. Pediatr Res 2021; 90:30-36. [PMID: 33173179 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-020-01247-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Dietary nitrate has beneficial effects on health maintenance and prevention of lifestyle-related diseases in adulthood by serving as an alternative source of nitric oxide (NO) through the enterosalivary nitrate-nitrite-NO pathway, particularly when endogenous NO generation is lacking due to vascular endothelial dysfunction. However, this pathway is not developed in the early postnatal period due to a lack of oral commensal nitrate-reducing bacteria and less saliva production than in adults. To compensate for the decrease in nitrite during this period, colostrum contains the highest amount of nitrite compared with transitional, mature, and even artificial milk, suggesting that colostrum plays an important role in tentatively replenishing nitrite, in addition to involving a nutritional aspect, until the enterosalivary nitrate-nitrite-NO pathway is established. Increasing evidence demonstrates that breast milk rich in nitrite can be effective in the prevention of neonatal infections and gastrointestinal diseases such as infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis and necrotizing enterocolitis, suggesting that breastfeeding is advantageous for newborns at risk, given the physiological role of nitrite in the early postnatal period. IMPACT: The aim of this review is to discuss the physiological roles of nitrite in breast milk and its implications for neonates. Nitrite in breast milk may compensate for the decrease in nitrite during the early neonatal period until the enterosalivary nitrate-nitrite-nitric oxide pathway is established. Breast milk rich in nitrite may be effective in the prevention of neonatal infections and gastrointestinal diseases by providing nitric oxide bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Kobayashi
- Department of Clinical Dietetics and Human Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, Josai University, Saitama, Japan.
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17
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Hsieh WT, Hsu MH, Lin WJ, Xiao YC, Lyu PC, Liu YC, Lin WY, Kuo YH, Chung JG. Ergosta-7, 9 (11), 22-trien-3β-ol Interferes with LPS Docking to LBP, CD14, and TLR4/MD-2 Co-Receptors to Attenuate the NF-κB Inflammatory Pathway In Vitro and Drosophila. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22126511. [PMID: 34204506 PMCID: PMC8234490 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ergosta-7, 9 (11), 22-trien-3β-ol (EK100) was isolated from Cordyceps militaris, which has been used as a traditional anti-inflammatory medicine. EK100 has been reported to attenuate inflammatory diseases, but its anti-inflammatory mechanism is still unclear. We were the first to investigate the effect of EK100 on the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/nuclear factor of the κ light chain enhancer of B cells (NF-κB) signaling in the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 cells and the green fluorescent protein (GFP)-labeled NF-κB reporter gene of Drosophila. EK100 suppressed the release of the cytokine and attenuated the mRNA and protein expression of pro-inflammatory mediators. EK100 inhibited the inhibitor kappa B (IκB)/NF-κB signaling pathway. EK100 also inhibited phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/Protein kinase B (Akt) signal transduction. Moreover, EK100 interfered with LPS docking to the LPS-binding protein (LBP), transferred to the cluster of differentiation 14 (CD14), and bonded to TLR4/myeloid differentiation-2 (MD-2) co-receptors. Compared with the TLR4 antagonist, resatorvid (CLI-095), and dexamethasone (Dexa), EK100 suppressed the TLR4/AKT signaling pathway. In addition, we also confirmed that EK100 attenuated the GFP-labeled NF-κB reporter gene expression in Drosophila. In summary, EK100 might alter LPS docking to LBP, CD14, and TLR4/MD-2 co-receptors, and then it suppresses the TLR4/NF-κB inflammatory pathway in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells and Drosophila.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Tsong Hsieh
- Department of Pharmacology, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- Chinese Medicine Research Center, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-4-22053366 (ext. 2221); Fax: +886-4-22053764
| | - Min-Hsien Hsu
- Department of Neurology, Chang Bing Show-Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua 505, Taiwan;
| | - Wen-Jen Lin
- Graduate Institute of Biomedicine Science, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan;
| | - Yi-Cheng Xiao
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan;
| | - Ping-Chiang Lyu
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, National Tsing-Hua University, Hsinchu 300044, Taiwan;
| | - Yi-Chung Liu
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli 350, Taiwan;
| | - Wei-Yong Lin
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan;
| | - Yueh-Hsiung Kuo
- Chinese Medicine Research Center, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan;
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Gung Chung
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan;
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Yang Y, Li S, Qu Y, Wang X, An W, Li Z, Han Z, Qin L. Nitrate partially inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation by maintaining mitochondrial function. J Int Med Res 2020; 48:300060520902605. [PMID: 32043404 PMCID: PMC7111041 DOI: 10.1177/0300060520902605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Nitrate has been reported to protect cells via the nitrate-nitrite-nitric oxide (NO) pathway. Most studies tend to use nitrite to investigate the mechanisms of this pathway. However, the latest studies have confirmed that mammals can directly degrade nitrate via xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR). The hypothesis is that nitrate could play a protective role in inflammatory responses independent of bacterial nitrate reductases. Methods Mouse RAW264.7 macrophages were pre-incubated with sodium nitrate (10, 100, and 500 µM) for 2 hours, and then treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for 2 hours to induce inflammation. The Quantikine Immunoassay was used to measure interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) concentrations in the supernatant. The fluorescence intensity ratio of red/green from JC-1 was used to assay mitochondrial membrane potential. The fluorescence intensity of MitoSOX Red was used to indicate the generation of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species. Results Nitrate partially reduced IL-6 and TNF-α secretion via reducing NF-κB signaling in LPS-induced macrophages. Nitrate also reduced the generation of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species by regulating mitochondrial function. These effects depended on XOR-derived NO but were independent of inducible nitric oxide synthase-derived NO. Conclusion Nitrate regulates mitochondrial function via XOR-derived NO to partially inhibit LPS-induced inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial & Head and Neck Oncology, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shaoqing Li
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial & Head and Neck Oncology, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Qu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial & Head and Neck Oncology, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xue Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial & Head and Neck Oncology, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei An
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial & Head and Neck Oncology, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhilin Li
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial & Head and Neck Oncology, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhengxue Han
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial & Head and Neck Oncology, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lizheng Qin
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial & Head and Neck Oncology, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Antiseptic mouthwash, the nitrate-nitrite-nitric oxide pathway, and hospital mortality: a hypothesis generating review. Intensive Care Med 2020; 47:28-38. [PMID: 33067640 PMCID: PMC7567004 DOI: 10.1007/s00134-020-06276-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Meta-analyses and several large cohort studies have demonstrated that antiseptic mouthwashes are associated with mortality in hospitalized patients. A clear pathogenic mechanism is lacking, leading to controversy and a reluctance to abandon or limit the use of antiseptic mouthwashes. Here, we generate the hypothesis that a disturbance in nitric oxide homeostasis by antiseptic mouthwashes may be responsible for the observed increase in mortality risk. Nitric oxide is essential in multiple physiological processes, and a reduction in nitric oxide bioavailability is associated with the occurrence or worsening of pathologies, such as atherosclerosis, diabetes, and sepsis. Oral facultative anaerobic bacteria are essential for the enterosalivary nitrate–nitrite–nitric oxide pathway due to their capacity to reduce nitrate to nitrite. Nitrate originates from dietary sources or from the active uptake by salivary glands of circulating nitrate, which is then excreted in the saliva. Because antiseptic mouthwashes eradicate the oral bacterial flora, this nitric oxide-generating pathway is abolished, which may result in nitric oxide-deficient conditions potentially leading to life-threatening complications such as ischaemic heart events or sepsis.
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Cordaro M, Siracusa R, Fusco R, D’Amico R, Peritore AF, Gugliandolo E, Genovese T, Scuto M, Crupi R, Mandalari G, Cuzzocrea S, Di Paola R, Impellizzeri D. Cashew ( Anacardium occidentale L.) Nuts Counteract Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in an Acute Experimental Model of Carrageenan-Induced Paw Edema. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9080660. [PMID: 32722199 PMCID: PMC7465066 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9080660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Anacardium occidentale L. is a medicinal plant with powerful anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory properties. Acute inflammatory events cause tissue alterations, decrease of anti-oxidative endogenous enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione, neutrophils infiltration, increase in the activities of myeloperoxidase, malondialdehyde, and pro-inflammatory release. Methods: Paw edema was induced by subplantar injection of carrageenan into the right hind paw in rats, but 30 min before a group of animals were orally treated with 100 mg/kg of cashew nuts to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative response. Results: In the present work, we found that (1) cashew nuts reduced the development of carrageenan-induced paw edema limiting the formation of edema and pain; (2) cashew nuts ameliorated the diminutions of the anti-oxidative enzymes caused by carrageenan injection; (3) cashew nuts decreased myeloperoxidase malondialdehyde activity induced by carrageenan; and (4) cashew nuts acted by blocking pro-inflammatory cytokines response and nitrate/nitrite formation stimulated by carrageenan injection. Conclusions: The mechanisms of anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects exerted by cashew nuts were relevant to oxygen free radical scavenging, anti-lipid peroxidation, and inhibition of the formation of inflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marika Cordaro
- Department of Biomedical, Dental and Morphological and Functional Imaging, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, 98125 Messina, Italy;
| | - Rosalba Siracusa
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (R.S.); (R.F.); (R.D.); (A.F.P.); (E.G.); (T.G.); (G.M.); (D.I.)
| | - Roberta Fusco
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (R.S.); (R.F.); (R.D.); (A.F.P.); (E.G.); (T.G.); (G.M.); (D.I.)
| | - Ramona D’Amico
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (R.S.); (R.F.); (R.D.); (A.F.P.); (E.G.); (T.G.); (G.M.); (D.I.)
| | - Alessio Filippo Peritore
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (R.S.); (R.F.); (R.D.); (A.F.P.); (E.G.); (T.G.); (G.M.); (D.I.)
| | - Enrico Gugliandolo
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (R.S.); (R.F.); (R.D.); (A.F.P.); (E.G.); (T.G.); (G.M.); (D.I.)
| | - Tiziana Genovese
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (R.S.); (R.F.); (R.D.); (A.F.P.); (E.G.); (T.G.); (G.M.); (D.I.)
| | - Maria Scuto
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 97, 95123 Catania, Italy;
| | - Rosalia Crupi
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy;
| | - Giuseppina Mandalari
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (R.S.); (R.F.); (R.D.); (A.F.P.); (E.G.); (T.G.); (G.M.); (D.I.)
| | - Salvatore Cuzzocrea
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (R.S.); (R.F.); (R.D.); (A.F.P.); (E.G.); (T.G.); (G.M.); (D.I.)
- Department of Pharmacological and Physiological Science, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63104, USA
- Correspondence: (S.C.); (R.D.P.); Tel.: +39-090-6765-208 (S.C. & R.D.P.)
| | - Rosanna Di Paola
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (R.S.); (R.F.); (R.D.); (A.F.P.); (E.G.); (T.G.); (G.M.); (D.I.)
- Correspondence: (S.C.); (R.D.P.); Tel.: +39-090-6765-208 (S.C. & R.D.P.)
| | - Daniela Impellizzeri
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (R.S.); (R.F.); (R.D.); (A.F.P.); (E.G.); (T.G.); (G.M.); (D.I.)
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Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Agrimonia pilosa Ledeb. Extract. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:8571207. [PMID: 32617113 PMCID: PMC7315271 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8571207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of Agrimonia pilosa Ledeb. extract (APLE) on lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) induced cell damage in hepatocytes with a focus on antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Total antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of APLE itself were analyzed and phytochemical analysis was performed. Moreover, inhibitory effects of APLE on LPS-induced oxidative stress and inflammation were assessed in human HepG2 hepatocytes. APLE was found to exert α,α-diphenyl-β-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS), and nitrite scavenging activities and reducing power in a dose-dependent manner. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents of APLE were 44.30 ± 1.61 mg GAE/g and 29.65 ± 1.81 mg QE/g, respectively. HPLC analysis revealed that gallic acid is the major phenolic compound in APLE, followed by rutin, genistein, taxifolin, quercetin, luteolin, and apigenin, in descending order. Treatment of 100 and 200 μg/mL APLE significantly reduced LPS-stimulated intracellular reactive oxygen species production to the basal level without any cytotoxicity. Oppositely, APLE reversed LPS-suppressed expression of glutathione peroxidase gene and protein. Consistent with this result, APLE suppressed LPS-triggered expression of proinflammatory cytokine genes in a dose-dependent manner. These results reinforce the fact that the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of APLE helps protect hepatocytes from LPS. Thus, APLE may be utilized as a bioactive ingredient in functional foods.
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Zhai B, Zhang Y, Chen Z, Yang F, Dong X, Chen Z, Cui Y, Wang P, Shi L, Yu W. Effect of video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery on pain stress indicators NO, IL-1β and IL-6 in the treatment of mediastinal tumor in children. Oncol Lett 2020; 19:3931-3936. [PMID: 32391101 PMCID: PMC7204486 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effect of video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) on pain stress indicators nitric oxide (NO), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and IL-6 in the treatment of mediastinal tumor in children, so as to explore the clinical application value of this surgery. A retrospective analysis was performed on 82 children with mediastinal tumor undergoing operation in Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University from January 2012 to January 2016. Among them, 48 children undergoing VATS were enrolled as an observation group, and 34 children undergoing conventional thoracotomy were enrolled as a control group. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect the preoperative and postoperative expression levels of NO, IL-1β and IL-6. The intraoperative clinical data, postoperative pain degree and infection rate were observed and recorded in real time, and then compared between the two groups. Before operation (T0), there were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in serum NO, IL-1β and IL-6 expression levels, which were lower in the observation group than those in the control group at 12 h (T1) and 24 h (T2) after operation (P<0.05). The visual analog scale (VAS) score in the observation group was lower than that in the control group at T1 (P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the largest blade opening, intraoperative blood loss, drainage duration and postoperative pain degree were significantly improved in the observation group. The postoperative infection rate was 4.17% in the observation group, significantly lower than 17.64% in the control group. VATS is effective for postoperative pain stress indicators and infection control in children with mediastinal tumor, which is therefore more suitable for children with the disease and has a higher clinical value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhai
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450018, P.R. China
| | - Yonghong Zhang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450018, P.R. China
| | - Zhenliang Chen
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450018, P.R. China
| | - Fang Yang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450018, P.R. China
| | - Xiangyang Dong
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450018, P.R. China
| | - Zhongjian Chen
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450018, P.R. China
| | - Yazhou Cui
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450018, P.R. China
| | - Penggao Wang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450018, P.R. China
| | - Lei Shi
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450018, P.R. China
| | - Wenbo Yu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450018, P.R. China
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Andrographolide ameliorates oxidative stress, inflammation and histological outcome in complete Freund's adjuvant-induced arthritis. Chem Biol Interact 2020; 319:108984. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2020.108984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Tai YH, Chu YH, Wu HL, Lin SM, Tsou MY, Huang CH, Chang HH, Lu CC. High-dose nitroglycerin administered during rewarming preserves erythrocyte deformability in cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass. Microcirculation 2020; 27:e12608. [PMID: 31991513 DOI: 10.1111/micc.12608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to determine whether high-dose nitroglycerin, a nitric oxide donor, preserves erythrocyte deformability during cardiopulmonary bypass and examines the signaling pathway of nitric oxide in erythrocytes. METHODS In a randomized and controlled fashion, forty-two patients undergoing cardiac surgery with hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass were allocated to high-dose (N = 21) and low-dose groups (N = 21). During rewarming period, patients were given intravenous nitroglycerin with an infusion rate 5 and 1 µg·kg-1 ·min-1 in high-dose and low-dose groups, respectively. Tyrosine phosphorylation level of non-muscle myosin IIA in erythrocyte membrane was used as an index of erythrocyte deformability and analyzed using immunoblotting. RESULTS Tyrosine phosphorylation of non-muscle myosin IIA was significantly enhanced after bypass in high-dose group (3.729 ± 1.700 folds, P = .011) but not low-dose group (1.545 ± 0.595 folds, P = .076). Phosphorylation of aquaporin 1, vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein, and focal adhesion kinase in erythrocyte membrane was also upregulated in high-dose group after bypass. Besides, plasma nitric oxide level was highly correlated with fold change of non-muscle myosin IIA phosphorylation (Pearson's correlation coefficient .871). CONCLUSIONS High-dose nitroglycerin administered during cardiopulmonary bypass improves erythrocyte deformability through activating phosphorylation of aquaporin 1, vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein, and focal adhesion kinase in erythrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Hsuan Tai
- Department of Anesthesiology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Anesthesiology, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - You-Hsiang Chu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Ling Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Su-Man Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Yung Tsou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Hsiung Huang
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Huang Chang
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Cherng Lu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Aerospace Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
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da Silva Monteiro CE, Franco ÁX, Sousa JAO, Matos VEA, de Souza EP, Fraga CAM, Barreiro EJ, de Souza MHLP, Soares PMG, Barbosa ALR. Gastroprotective effects of N-acylarylhydrazone derivatives on ethanol-induced gastric lesions in mice are dependent on the NO/cGMP/K ATP pathway. Biochem Pharmacol 2019; 169:113629. [PMID: 31491412 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2019.113629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The gastroprotective effects of N-acylarylhydrazone derivatives on ethanol-induced gastric lesions in mice were investigated with respect to the NO/cGMP/KATP pathway. To investigate our hypothesis, the mice were intraperitoneally pretreated with glibenclamide, L-NAME, or ODQ 30 min before treatment with DMSO, LASSBio-294 (1, 2, and 4 mg/kg, p.o.), LASSBio-897 (0.5, 1, and 2 mg/kg, p.o.), or omeprazole. After 1 h, the mice received absolute ethanol (4 ml/kg) by gavage to induce gastric mucosal lesions, and the microscopic and macroscopic parameters were evaluated. GSH (non-protein sulfhydryl groups) and MDA (malondialdehyde) concentrations, hemoglobin levels, nitric oxide production, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, and TNF-α and IL-1β levels were also analyzed in the stomach after absolute ethanol administration. Pretreatment with LASSBio-294 or LASSBio-897 significantly reduced the microscopic and macroscopic lesion area. The compounds restored the GSH, MDA, and hemoglobin levels and reduced MPO activity. Moreover, the compounds significantly reduced nitrate and nitrite concentrations in the stomach samples after ethanol administration. Molecular docking studies revealed that LASSBio-294 and LASSBio-897 interact with active sites of the eNOS (endothelial nitric oxide synthase) enzymes through hydrogen bonds. LASSBio-294 and LASSBio-897 also reduced TNF-α and IL-1β levels. It was observed that a NO synthase inhibitor, an ATP-sensitive potassium channel blocker, and a guanylate cyclase inhibitor significantly reversed the gastroprotective effects of these compounds. Thus, the gastroprotective effect of LASSBio-294 and LASSBio-897 against gastric lesions is mediated through the NO/cGMP cascade, followed by blocking of the KATP channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Eduardo da Silva Monteiro
- LEFFAG-Laboratory of Physiopharmacology Study of Gastrointestinal Tract, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Álvaro Xavier Franco
- LEFFAG-Laboratory of Physiopharmacology Study of Gastrointestinal Tract, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Johnatan Alisson Oliveira Sousa
- LEFFAG-Laboratory of Physiopharmacology Study of Gastrointestinal Tract, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Victor Emanuel Araújo Matos
- LEFFAG-Laboratory of Physiopharmacology Study of Gastrointestinal Tract, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Emmanuel Prata de Souza
- Department of Morphology, Medical School, Federal University of Ceara, Rua Delmiro de Farias s/n, Rodolfo Teofilo, Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil
| | - Carlos Alberto Manssour Fraga
- Laboratory of Evaluation and Synthesis of Bioactive Substances, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, CCS, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Eliezer J Barreiro
- Laboratory of Evaluation and Synthesis of Bioactive Substances, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, CCS, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Marcellus Henrique Loiola Ponte de Souza
- LEFFAG-Laboratory of Physiopharmacology Study of Gastrointestinal Tract, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Pedro Marcos Gomes Soares
- LEFFAG-Laboratory of Physiopharmacology Study of Gastrointestinal Tract, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; Department of Morphology, Medical School, Federal University of Ceara, Rua Delmiro de Farias s/n, Rodolfo Teofilo, Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil
| | - André Luiz Reis Barbosa
- LAFFEX-Laboratory of Experimental Physiopharmacology, Biotechnology and Biodiversity Center Research, Federal University of Piauí, Parnaíba, Brazil.
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NADPH oxidase is a primary target for antioxidant effects by inorganic nitrite in lipopolysaccharide-induced oxidative stress in mice and in macrophage cells. Nitric Oxide 2019; 89:46-53. [PMID: 31063820 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2019.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2018] [Revised: 03/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase and oxidative stress is usually considered as an important factor to the pathogenesis of various diseases. Inorganic nitrite, previously viewed as a harmful substance in our diet or inert metabolites of endogenous NO, is recently identified as an important biological NO reservoir in vasculature and tissues. Stimulation of a nitrite-NO pathway shows organ-protective effects on oxidative stress and inflammation, but the mechanisms or target are not clear. In this study, the hypothesis that inorganic nitrite attenuated lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced oxidative stress in mice and in macrophage cells by modulating NADPH oxidase activity and NO bioavailability were investigated. We showed that nitrite treatment, in sharp contrast with the worsening effect of NO synthases inhibition, significantly attenuated aortic oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction and mortality in LPS-induced shock in mice. Mechanistically, protective effects of nitrite were abolished by NO scavenger and xanthine oxidase inhibitor, and inhibition of NADPH oxidase with apocynin attenuated LPS-induced oxidative stress similar to that of nitrite. In the presence of nitrite, no further effect of apocynin was observed, suggesting NADPH oxidase as a possible target. In LPS-activated macrophage cells, nitrite reduced NADPH oxidase activity and oxidative stress and these effects of nitrite were also abolished by NO scavenger and xanthine oxidase inhibitor, where xanthine oxidase-mediated reduction of nitrite attenuated NADPH oxidase activity in activated macrophages via a NO-dependent mechanism. In conclusion, these novel findings position NADPH oxidase in the inflammatory vasculature as a prime target for the antioxidant effects of inorganic nitrite, and open a new direction to modulate the inflammatory response.
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Liposomal Curcumin is Better than Curcumin to Alleviate Complications in Experimental Diabetic Mellitus. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24050846. [PMID: 30818888 PMCID: PMC6429477 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24050846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Curcumin (CC) is known to have anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative properties and has already been tested for its efficiency in different diseases including diabetes mellitus (DM). New formulations and route administration were designed to obtain products with higher bioavailability. Our study aimed to test the effect of intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of liposomal curcumin (lCC) as pre-treatment in streptozotocin(STZ)-induced DM in rats on oxidative stress, liver, and pancreatic functional parameters. Forty-two Wistar-Bratislava rats were randomly divided into six groups (seven animals/group): control (no diabetes), control-STZ (STZ-induced DM —60 mg/100g body weight a single dose intraperitoneal administration, and no CC pre-treatment), two groups with DM and CC pre-treatment (1mg/100g bw—STZ + CC1, 2 mg/100g bw—STZ + CC2), and two groups with DM and lCC pre-treatment (1 mg/100g bw—STZ + lCC1, 2 mg/100g bw—STZ + lCC1). Intraperitoneal administration of Curcumin in diabetic rats showed a significant reduction of nitric oxide, malondialdehyde, total oxidative stress, and catalase for both evaluated formulations (CC and lCC) compared to control group (p < 0.005), with higher efficacy of lCC formulation compared to CC solution (p < 0.002, excepting catalase for STZ + CC2vs. STZ + lCC1when p = 0.0845). The CC and lCC showed hepatoprotective and hypoglycemic effects, a decrease in oxidative stress and improvement in anti-oxidative capacity status against STZ-induced DM in rats (p < 0.002). The lCC also proved better efficacy on MMP-2, and -9 plasma levels as compared to CC (p < 0.003, excepting STZ + CC2 vs. STZ + lCC1 comparison with p = 0.0553). The lCC demonstrated significantly better efficacy as compared to curcumin solution on all serum levels of the investigated markers, sustaining its possible use as adjuvant therapy in DM.
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Münzel T, Daiber A. Inorganic nitrite and nitrate in cardiovascular therapy: A better alternative to organic nitrates as nitric oxide donors? Vascul Pharmacol 2018; 102:1-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2017.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Revised: 11/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Nieto-Lima B, Cano-Martínez A, Rubio-Ruiz ME, Pérez-Torres I, Guarner-Lans V. Age-, Gender-, and in Vivo Different Doses of Isoproterenol Modify in Vitro Aortic Vasoreactivity and Circulating VCAM-1. Front Physiol 2018; 9:20. [PMID: 29416512 PMCID: PMC5787582 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Different human-like cardiomyopathies associated to β-adrenergic stimulation are experimentally modeled in animals through variations in dose, route, and duration of administration of different cardiotoxic drugs. However, associated changes in the vasculature and their relation to systemic inflammation, and the influence of cardiovascular diseases risk factors (gender and age) upon them are seldom analyzed. Here we studied the effect of age and gender on the vasoreactivity of aortas from mice subjected to in vivo repeated β-adrenergic stimulation with different doses of isoproterenol (ISO) in association with circulating inflammatory cytokines. Young (2 months) and old (18 months) male and female mice received 0 (control), 5, 40, 80 or 160 μg/g/d of ISO (7 days, s.c.). IL-1α, IL-4 and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) were quantified in plasma. In vitro, norepinephrine-induced vasoconstriction and acetylcholine-induced relaxation were measured in aortas. No differences in contraction, relaxation, IL-1α, and IL-4 were found between control young males and females. Age decreased contraction in males and relaxation was lower in females and abolished in males. VCAM-1 was higher in young males than in females and increased in old mice. Vasoconstriction in ISO-treated mice results as a bell-shaped curve on contraction in young and old males, with lower values in the latter. In females, ISO-160 increased contraction in young females but decreased it in old females. Vasorelaxation was reduced in ISO-treated young males and females. ISO-80 and 160 reduced vasorelaxation in old females, and intermediate doses relaxed aortas from old males. VCAM-1 was higher in young and old males with ISO-80 and 160; while VCAM-1 was higher only with ISO-160 in old females. Our results demonstrate that repeated β-adrenergic stimulation modifies vascular reactivity depending on gender, age, and dose. Females were less sensitive to alterations in vasoreactivity, and young females required a higher amount of the adrenergic stimuli than old females to show vascular alterations. Changes were independent of IL-1α and IL-4. VCAM-1 only changed in old females stimulated with ISO 160. Our results highlight the relevance of considering and comparing in the same study females and aged organisms to improve the accuracy of applications to clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betzabé Nieto-Lima
- Department of Physiology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Agustina Cano-Martínez
- Department of Physiology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - María E Rubio-Ruiz
- Department of Physiology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Israel Pérez-Torres
- Department of Pathology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Verónica Guarner-Lans
- Department of Physiology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez", Mexico City, Mexico
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Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase Polymorphisms and Nitric Oxide Levels in Individuals with Chronic Periodontitis. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18061128. [PMID: 28617311 PMCID: PMC5485952 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18061128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Revised: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate whether the -1026(A>C)(rs2779249) and +2087(A>G)(2297518) polymorphisms in the NOS2 gene were associated with chronic periodontitis (CP) and with salivary levels of nitrite (NO₂-) and/or nitrate + nitrite (NOx). A group of 113 mixed-race patients were subjected to periodontal, genetic, and biochemical evaluations (65 CP/48 periodontally healthy subjects). DNA was extracted from oral epithelial cells and used for genotyping by polymerase chain reaction (real-time). Salivary NOx concentrations were determined using an ozone-based chemiluminescence assay. Association of CP with alleles and genotypes of the -1026(A>C) polymorphism was found (X² test, p = 0.0075; 0.0308), but this was not maintained after multiple logistic regression, performed to estimate the effect of covariates and polymorphisms in CP. This analysis demonstrated, after correction for multiple comparisons, that only the female gender was significantly associated with CP. Polymorphisms analyzed as haplotypes were not associated with CP. NOx levels were significantly higher in the control group of heterozygous individuals for both polymorphisms. In conclusion, the female gender was significantly associated with CP, and higher levels of salivary NOx were found in control subjects and associated with the heterozygous state of the NOS2 polymorphisms, reinforcing the potential of NO metabolites as markers of periodontitis status.
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Aksoy AN, Laloglu E, Ozkaya AL, Yilmaz EPT. Serum heme oxygenase-1 levels in patients with primary dysmenorrhea. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2017; 295:929-934. [PMID: 28236018 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-017-4312-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Primary dysmenorrhea effects the life-quality of women negatively. The aim of this study was to evaluate heme oxygenase-1 (HO1) activity together with malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) levels in patients with primary dysmenorrhea. METHODS A total of 28 nulliparous women with the diagnosis of primary dysmenorrhea and 26 healthy controls were included in this study. On the first day of menstruation, all patients underwent ultrasound examination to exclude pelvic pathology and the visual analogue scale was applied to patients. Patient's visual analogue scale (VAS) scores, age, body mass index (BMI), menstrual cycle length (day), length of bleeding (day) were recorded. In the same day, fasting blood samples were taken from each patient for biochemical analysis. RESULTS Serum MDA, NO and HO1 levels were found to be higher in women with primary dysmenorrhea compared to healthy controls (p = 0.012, p = 0.009, p < 0.001, respectively). There were no correlation among serum levels of HO1, NO and MDA, age, BMI, cycle length, pain score and menses duration in both groups. In Pearson's correlation analysis, positive correlation was found between HO1 levels with the NO levels (r = 0.316, p < 0.05) and VAS scores (r = 0.520, p < 0.01). Also, positive correlation was found between MDA levels and VAS scores (r = 0.327, p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Serum HO1, NO and MDA levels increase in patients with primary dysmenorrhea. Antioxidant support might be helpful to reduce pain severity in primary dysmenorrhea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayse Nur Aksoy
- Department of Obsterics and Gynecology, Nenehatun Hospital, Dr Refik Saydam Street, Palandöken, 25070, Erzurum, Turkey.
| | - Esra Laloglu
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Alev Lazoglu Ozkaya
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Emsal Pınar Topdagi Yilmaz
- Department of Obsterics and Gynecology, Nenehatun Hospital, Dr Refik Saydam Street, Palandöken, 25070, Erzurum, Turkey
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Clifford T, Allerton DM, Brown MA, Harper L, Horsburgh S, Keane KM, Stevenson EJ, Howatson G. Minimal muscle damage after a marathon and no influence of beetroot juice on inflammation and recovery. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2016; 42:263-270. [PMID: 28165768 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2016-0525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
This study examined whether beetroot juice (BTJ) would attenuate inflammation and muscle damage following a marathon. Using a double blind, independent group design, 34 runners (each having completed ca. ∼16 previous marathons) consumed either BTJ or an isocaloric placebo (PLA) for 3 days following a marathon. Maximal isometric voluntary contractions (MIVC), countermovement jumps (CMJ), muscle soreness, serum cytokines, leucocytosis, creatine kinase (CK), high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were measured pre, post, and 2 days after the marathon. CMJ and MIVC were reduced after the marathon (P < 0.05), but no group differences were observed (P > 0.05). Muscle soreness was increased in the day after the marathon (BTJ; 45 ± 48 vs. PLA; 46 ± 39 mm) and had returned to baseline by day 2, irrespective of supplementation (P = 0.694). Cytokines (interleukin-6; IL-6, interleukin-8, tumour necrosis factor-α) were increased immediately post-marathon but apart from IL-6 had returned to baseline values by day 1 post. No interaction effects were evident for IL-6 (P = 0.213). Leucocytes increased 1.7-fold after the race and remained elevated 2 days post, irrespective of supplement (P < 0.0001). CK peaked at 1 day post marathon (BTJ: 965 ± 967, and PLA: 1141 ± 979 IU·L-1) and like AST and hs-CRP, was still elevated 2 days after the marathon (P < 0.05); however, no group differences were present for these variables. Beetroot juice did not attenuate inflammation or reduce muscle damage following a marathon, possibly because most of these indices were not markedly different from baseline values in the days after the marathon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Clifford
- a Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Department of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation, Northumbria University, Newcastle NE1 8ST, UK
| | - Dean M Allerton
- a Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Department of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation, Northumbria University, Newcastle NE1 8ST, UK
| | - Meghan A Brown
- a Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Department of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation, Northumbria University, Newcastle NE1 8ST, UK
| | - Liam Harper
- a Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Department of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation, Northumbria University, Newcastle NE1 8ST, UK
| | - Steven Horsburgh
- a Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Department of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation, Northumbria University, Newcastle NE1 8ST, UK
| | - Karen M Keane
- a Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Department of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation, Northumbria University, Newcastle NE1 8ST, UK
| | - Emma J Stevenson
- b Human Nutrition Research Centre, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Glyn Howatson
- a Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Department of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation, Northumbria University, Newcastle NE1 8ST, UK.,c Water Research Group, School of Environmental Sciences and Development, Northwest University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
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Knox CD, de Kam PJ, Azer K, Wong P, Ederveen AG, Shevell D, Morabito C, Meehan AG, Liu W, Reynders T, Denef JF, Mitselos A, Jonathan D, Gutstein DE, Mitra K, Sun SY, Lo MMC, Cully D, Ali A. Discovery and Clinical Evaluation of MK-8150, A Novel Nitric Oxide Donor With a Unique Mechanism of Nitric Oxide Release. J Am Heart Assoc 2016; 5:JAHA.116.003493. [PMID: 27561272 PMCID: PMC5079016 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.116.003493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Nitric oxide donors are widely used to treat cardiovascular disease, but their major limitation is the development of tolerance, a multifactorial process to which the in vivo release of nitric oxide is thought to contribute. Here we describe the preclinical and clinical results of a translational drug development effort to create a next‐generation nitric oxide donor with improved pharmacokinetic properties and a unique mechanism of nitric oxide release through CYP3A4 metabolism that was designed to circumvent the development of tolerance. Methods and Results Single‐ and multiple‐dose studies in telemetered dogs showed that MK‐8150 induced robust blood‐pressure lowering that was sustained over 14 days. The molecule was safe and well tolerated in humans, and single doses reduced systolic blood pressure by 5 to 20 mm Hg in hypertensive patients. Multiple‐dose studies in hypertensive patients showed that the blood‐pressure–lowering effect diminished after 10 days, and 28‐day studies showed that the hemodynamic effects were completely lost by day 28, even when the dose of MK‐8150 was increased during the dosing period. Conclusions The novel nitric oxide donor MK‐8150 induced significant blood‐pressure lowering in dogs and humans for up to 14 days. However, despite a unique mechanism of nitric oxide release mediated by CYP3A4 metabolism, tolerance developed over 28 days, suggesting that tolerance to nitric oxide donors is multifactorial and cannot be overcome solely through altered in vivo release of nitric oxide. Clinical Trial Registration URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifiers: NCT01590810 and NCT01656408.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Wen Liu
- Merck & Co, Inc, Kenilworth, NJ
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Ham YM, Yoon WJ, Lee WJ, Kim SC, Baik JS, Kim JH, Lee GS, Lee NH, Hyun CG. Anti-inflammatory effects of isoketocharbroic acid from brown alga, Sargassum micracanthum. EXCLI JOURNAL 2015; 14:1116-21. [PMID: 26600756 PMCID: PMC4650962 DOI: 10.17179/excli2015-555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
During our on-going screening program designed to isolate natural compounds from marine environments, we isolated isoketochabrolic acid (IKCA) from Sargassum micracanthum, an important brown algae distributed in Jeju Island, Korea. Furthermore, we evaluated the inhibitory effects of IKCA on nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-triggered macrophages. IKCA strongly inhibited NO production, with an IC50 value of 58.31 μM. Subsequent studies demonstrated that IKCA potently and concentration-dependently reduced prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6 cytokine production. In conclusion, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to show that IKCA isolated from S. micracanthum has a potent anti-inflammatory activity. Therefore, IKCA might be useful as an anti-inflammatory health supplement or functional cosmetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Min Ham
- Jeju Biodiversity Research Institute (JBRI), Jeju Technopark, Jeju 699-943, Korea
| | - Weon-Jong Yoon
- Jeju Biodiversity Research Institute (JBRI), Jeju Technopark, Jeju 699-943, Korea
| | - Wook Jae Lee
- Nakdonggang National Institute of Biological Resources, Chungbuk 742-350, Korea
| | - Sang-Cheol Kim
- Nakdonggang National Institute of Biological Resources, Chungbuk 742-350, Korea
| | - Jong Seok Baik
- Cosmetic Science Center, Department of Chemistry and Cosmetics, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Korea
| | - Jin Hwa Kim
- R & D Center, Hanbul Cosmetics Co., Chungbuk 369-830, Korea
| | - Geun Soo Lee
- R & D Center, Hanbul Cosmetics Co., Chungbuk 369-830, Korea
| | - Nam Ho Lee
- Cosmetic Science Center, Department of Chemistry and Cosmetics, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Korea
| | - Chang-Gu Hyun
- Cosmetic Science Center, Department of Chemistry and Cosmetics, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Korea
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